Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Lexicographic'
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Green, Thomas Michael 1966. "A lexicographic study of Ulwa." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9351.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Linguistics and Philosophy, 1999.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 294-297).
In this thesis, I present the beginnings of a reference grammar and dictionary of the Ulwa language of the Atlantic coast of Nicaragua. I first describe the current state of the Ulwa language and people in light of their historical and socio-linguistic context. I then go into some detail regarding the phonological and morphological nature of the language. Finally I touch on the syntactic and semantic issues that most directly affect the design of a lexical database of the language. These include discussion of verbal diathesis and the nature of complex multi-word verbal idioms. The thesis is a lexicographic study because the aim is to present information sufficient for a reasonable understanding of the lexical entries of the language, as represented in the included dictionary.
by Thomas Michael Green.
Ph.D.
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So, Keith Kam-Ho Computer Science & Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Lexicographic path searches for FPGA routing." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Computer Science & Engineering, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/41295.
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This dissertation reports on studies of the application of lexicographic graph searches to solve problems in FPGA detailed routing. Our contributions include the derivation of iteration limits for scalar implementations of negotiation congestion for standard floating point types and the identification of pathological cases for path choice. In the study of the routability-driven detailed FPGA routing problem, we show universal detailed routability is NP-complete based on a related proof by Lee and Wong. We describe the design of a lexicographic composition operator of totally-ordered monoids as path cost metrics and show its optimality under an adapted A* search. Our new router, CornNC, based on lexicographic composition of congestion and wirelength, established a new minimum track count for the FPGA Place and Route Challenge. For the problem of long-path timing-driven FPGA detailed routing, we show that long-path budgeted detailed routability is NP-complete by reduction to universal detailed routability. We generalise the lexicographic composition to any finite length and verify its optimality under A* search. The application of the timing budget solution of Ghiasi et al. is used to solve the long-path timing budget problem for FPGA connections. Our delay-clamped spiral lexicographic composition design, SpiralRoute, ensures connection based budgets are always met, thus achieves timing closure when it successfully routes. For 113 test routing instances derived from standard benchmarks, SpiralRoute found 13 routable instances with timing closure that were unroutable by a scalar negotiated congestion router and achieved timing closure in another 27 cases when the scalar router did not, at the expense of increased runtime. We also study techniques to improve SpiralRoute runtimes, including a data structure of a trie augmented by data stacks for minimum element retrieval, and the technique of step tomonoid elimination in reducing the retrieval depth in a trie of stacks structure.
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Williams, Krista. "The lexicographic treatment of color terms." Thesis, Indiana University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3624240.
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This dissertation explores the main question, "What are the issues involved in the definition and translation of color terms in dictionaries?" To answer this question, I examined color term definitions in monolingual dictionaries of French and English, and color term translations in bilingual dictionaries of French paired with nine languages. From this data, I made several discoveries. First, I created a typology of strategies used to define color terms that includes three strategies: Defining with Reference to the Spectrum of Visible Light, Defining with Reference to Relationship with Other Colors, and Defining with Reference to Objects. Second, both color definitions and color translations suggest that there is a smaller difference between color words (which have non-scientific senses) and color terms (which have scientific senses) than between scientific and non-scientific senses of many other words/terms. In addition, color word translating often involves treating differences in the grammar, semantics, and division of color space between two languages. I took a closer look at the French translations of the color words brown and purple, two particularly difficult words to translate into French due to semantic restrictions. I found that, whereas the translation patterns of modern Quebec French match those of older hexagonal French dictionaries, hexagonal French dictionaries now display a different pattern. All of these discoveries lead to avenues for future research that may improve color term defining and translating.
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Moussa, Ahmed S. "On learning and visualizing lexicographic preference trees." UNF Digital Commons, 2019. https://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/882.
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Preferences are very important in research fields such as decision making, recommendersystemsandmarketing. The focus of this thesis is on preferences over combinatorial domains, which are domains of objects configured with categorical attributes. For example, the domain of cars includes car objects that are constructed withvaluesforattributes, such as ‘make’, ‘year’, ‘model’, ‘color’, ‘body type’ and ‘transmission’.Different values can instantiate an attribute. For instance, values for attribute ‘make’canbeHonda, Toyota, Tesla or BMW, and attribute ‘transmission’ can haveautomaticormanual. To this end,thisthesis studiesproblemsonpreference visualization and learning for lexicographic preference trees, graphical preference models that often are compact over complex domains of objects built of categorical attributes. Visualizing preferences is essential to provide users with insights into the process of decision making, while learning preferences from data is practically important, as it is ineffective to elicit preference models directly from users.
The results obtained from this thesis are two parts: 1) for preference visualization, aweb- basedsystem is created that visualizes various types of lexicographic preference tree models learned by a greedy learning algorithm; 2) for preference learning, a genetic algorithm is designed and implemented, called GA, that learns a restricted type of lexicographic preference tree, called unconditional importance and unconditional preference tree, or UIUP trees for short. Experiments show that GA achieves higher accuracy compared to the greedy algorithm at the cost of more computational time. Moreover, a Dynamic Programming Algorithm (DPA) was devised and implemented that computes an optimal UIUP tree model in the sense that it satisfies as many examples as possible in the dataset. This novel exact algorithm (DPA), was used to evaluate the quality of models computed by GA, and it was found to reduce the factorial time complexity of the brute force algorithm to exponential. The major contribution to the field of machine learning and data mining in this thesis would be the novel learning algorithm (DPA) which is an exact algorithm. DPA learns and finds the best UIUP tree model in the huge search space which classifies accurately the most number of examples in the training dataset; such model is referred to as the optimal model in this thesis. Finally, using datasets produced from randomly generated UIUP trees, this thesis presents experimental results on the performances (e.g., accuracy and computational time) of GA compared to the existent greedy algorithm and DPA.
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Manion, Kendall. "A Lexicographic Product Cancellation Property for Digraphs." VCU Scholars Compass, 2012. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2932.
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There are four prominent product graphs in graph theory: Cartesian, strong, direct, and lexicographic. Of these four product graphs, the lexicographic product graph is the least studied. Lexicographic products are not commutative but still have some interesting properties. This paper begins with basic definitions of graph theory, including the definition of a graph, that are needed to understand theorems and proofs that come later. The paper then discusses the lexicographic product of digraphs, denoted $G \circ H$, for some digraphs $G$ and $H$. The paper concludes by proving a cancellation property for the lexicographic product of digraphs $G$, $H$, $A$, and $B$: if $G \circ H \cong A \circ B$ and $|V(G)| = |V(A)|$, then $G \cong A$. It also proves additional cancellation properties for lexicographic product digraphs and the author hopes the final result will provide further insight into tournaments.
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El, Khalfi Zeineb. "Lexicographic refinements in possibilistic sequential decision-making models." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30269/document.
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Ce travail contribue à la théorie de la décision possibiliste et plus précisément à la prise de décision séquentielle dans le cadre de la théorie des possibilités, à la fois au niveau théorique et pratique. Bien qu'attrayante pour sa capacité à résoudre les problèmes de décision qualitatifs, la théorie de la décision possibiliste souffre d'un inconvénient important : les critères d'utilité qualitatives possibilistes comparent les actions avec les opérateurs min et max, ce qui entraîne un effet de noyade. Pour surmonter ce manque de pouvoir décisionnel, plusieurs raffinements ont été proposés dans la littérature. Les raffinements lexicographiques sont particulièrement intéressants puisqu'ils permettent de bénéficier de l'arrière-plan de l'utilité espérée, tout en restant "qualitatifs". Cependant, ces raffinements ne sont définis que pour les problèmes de décision non séquentiels. Dans cette thèse, nous présentons des résultats sur l'extension des raffinements lexicographiques aux problèmes de décision séquentiels, en particulier aux Arbres de Décision et aux Processus Décisionnels de Markov possibilistes. Cela aboutit à des nouveaux algorithmes de planification plus "décisifs" que leurs contreparties possibilistes. Dans un premier temps, nous présentons des relations de préférence lexicographiques optimistes et pessimistes entre les politiques avec et sans utilités intermédiaires, qui raffinent respectivement les utilités possibilistes optimistes et pessimistes. Nous prouvons que les critères proposés satisfont le principe de l'efficacité de Pareto ainsi que la propriété de monotonie stricte. Cette dernière garantit la possibilité d'application d'un algorithme de programmation dynamique pour calculer des politiques optimales. Nous étudions tout d'abord l'optimisation lexicographique des politiques dans les Arbres de Décision possibilistes et les Processus Décisionnels de Markov à horizon fini. Nous fournissons des adaptations de l'algorithme de programmation dynamique qui calculent une politique optimale en temps polynomial. Ces algorithmes sont basés sur la comparaison lexicographique des matrices de trajectoires associées aux sous-politiques. Ce travail algorithmique est complété par une étude expérimentale qui montre la faisabilité et l'intérêt de l'approche proposée. Ensuite, nous prouvons que les critères lexicographiques bénéficient toujours d'une fondation en termes d'utilité espérée, et qu'ils peuvent être capturés par des utilités espérées infinitésimales. La dernière partie de notre travail est consacrée à l'optimisation des politiques dans les Processus Décisionnels de Markov (éventuellement infinis) stationnaires. Nous proposons un algorithme d'itération de la valeur pour le calcul des politiques optimales lexicographiques. De plus, nous étendons ces résultats au cas de l'horizon infini. La taille des matrices augmentant exponentiellement (ce qui est particulièrement problématique dans le cas de l'horizon infini), nous proposons un algorithme d'approximation qui se limite à la partie la plus intéressante de chaque matrice de trajectoires, à savoir les premières lignes et colonnes. Enfin, nous rapportons des résultats expérimentaux qui prouvent l'efficacité des algorithmes basés sur la troncation des matricesThis work contributes to possibilistic decision theory and more specifically to sequential decision-making under possibilistic uncertainty, at both the theoretical and practical levels. Even though appealing for its ability to handle qualitative decision problems, possibilisitic decision theory suffers from an important drawback: qualitative possibilistic utility criteria compare acts through min and max operators, which leads to a drowning effect. To overcome this lack of decision power, several refinements have been proposed in the literature. Lexicographic refinements are particularly appealing since they allow to benefit from the expected utility background, while remaining "qualitative". However, these refinements are defined for the non-sequential decision problems only. In this thesis, we present results on the extension of the lexicographic preference relations to sequential decision problems, in particular, to possibilistic Decision trees and Markov Decision Processes. This leads to new planning algorithms that are more "decisive" than their original possibilistic counterparts. We first present optimistic and pessimistic lexicographic preference relations between policies with and without intermediate utilities that refine the optimistic and pessimistic qualitative utilities respectively. We prove that these new proposed criteria satisfy the principle of Pareto efficiency as well as the property of strict monotonicity. This latter guarantees that dynamic programming algorithm can be used for calculating lexicographic optimal policies. Considering the problem of policy optimization in possibilistic decision trees and finite-horizon Markov decision processes, we provide adaptations of dynamic programming algorithm that calculate lexicographic optimal policy in polynomial time. These algorithms are based on the lexicographic comparison of the matrices of trajectories associated to the sub-policies. This algorithmic work is completed with an experimental study that shows the feasibility and the interest of the proposed approach. Then we prove that the lexicographic criteria still benefit from an Expected Utility grounding, and can be represented by infinitesimal expected utilities. The last part of our work is devoted to policy optimization in (possibly infinite) stationary Markov Decision Processes. We propose a value iteration algorithm for the computation of lexicographic optimal policies. We extend these results to the infinite-horizon case. Since the size of the matrices increases exponentially (which is especially problematic in the infinite-horizon case), we thus propose an approximation algorithm which keeps the most interesting part of each matrix of trajectories, namely the first lines and columns. Finally, we reports experimental results that show the effectiveness of the algorithms based on the cutting of the matrices
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Stanton, Lee. "Topics in Ura Phonology and Morphophonology, with Lexicographic Application." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Linguistics, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/940.
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Ura, a minority language spoken in Papua New Guinea, appears to be a candidate for eventual extinction, with an estimated 1,900 speakers, very few (if any) of them monolinguals. Any language is a unique vantage point from which to see humanity and our world in its various facets, and preserving endangered languages seems at least as worthy a pursuit as the many efforts globally at saving endangered species of flora and fauna. Also of great importance is the revitalisation (or first-time facilitation) of identity, esteem and dignity for speakers with regard to their language (and, inseparably, culture). This thesis gives an overview of the sociolinguistic context of Ura, followed by a description and analysis of the phonology of Ura, and then addresses of some of the morphophonology. Features explored include vowel centring and harmony, phonologically and morphophonologically conditioned epenthesis, and diachronic and synchronic alternations. The final chapter provides practical application of the issues discussed as they would relate to an Ura dictionary, and includes samples of the suggested wording and format of introductory notes and entries. It is hoped that what is currently in progress or completed in the Ura language in terms of records, translation, literacy and linguistic analysis (of which this thesis is a part) will facilitate and support progress towards strength and vitality that will not perish.
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Greiwe, Regina M. Heath Jo W. "A brief exploration of the Sorgenfrey line and the lexicographic order." Auburn, Ala., 2006. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2006%20Spring/master's/GREIWE_REGINA_16.pdf.
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Brand, J. E. (Johanna Elizabeth). "Lexicographic inconsistency in the central list of major dictionary/groot woordeboek." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51817.
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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2000.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Bilingual dictionaries should have a decoding as well as an encoding function. Decoding dictionaries want to assist the user in interpreting the language, while encoding dictionaries want to help the user with the usage of the language. The present role of a bilingual or translation dictionary has to change from that of supplying only translation equivalents to one of supplying a more comprehensive data presentation. This should also include additional semantic and pragmatic information. The main aim of a bilingual dictionary should not only be the establishment of a relation of semantic equivalence between source and target language, but also reaching communicative equivalence in the process. This means that the user must be able to find the applicable equivalent of the source language item in the target language. One of the best ways for a lexicographer to test the communicative aptness of a given translation equivalent, is by means of the reversibility principle. It means that lexical item A, included as translation equivalent of lemma B in the X-section of a bidirectional translation dictionary, has to be included as a lemma in the Y-section ofthe dictionary with at least the lexical item B, the relevant lemma from the X-section, as one of its translation equivalents. Each lexical item included as a translation equivalent in the Y-section has to be included as the lemma in the X-section of the dictionary with at least the respective lemma from the Ysection as a translation equivalent. This thesis tries to show how, if not adhered to the above principles, an inferior product can be the result of many hours of painstaking work. The main problematic areas are inter alia those of labels, spelling inconsistencies and an absence of translation equivalents. However, some of the less obvious problematic areas are also touched upon.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Tweetalige woordeboeke behoort 'n dekoderende sowel as 'n enkoderende funksie te hê. Dekoderende woordeboeke moet die gebruiker help om die taal te interpreteer, terwyl enkoderende woordeboeke die gebruiker moet help met die gebruik van 'n woodeboek. Die huidige rol van 'n tweetalige ofvertalende woordeboek moet verander van een wat slegs vertalingsekwivalente verskaf, na een met meer omvattende data. 'n Tweetalige woordeboek behoort nie slegs die gebruiker van vertalingsekwivalente te voorsien nie, maar behoort ook addisionele semantiese en pragmatiese inligting in te sluit. Een van die beste maniere vir 'n leksikograaf om die kommunikatiewe geskiktheid van 'n gegewe vertalingsekwivalent te toets, is deur middel van die omkeerbaarheidsbeginsel. Hiermee word bedoel dat leksikale item A, wat ingesluit is as 'n vertalingsekwivalent van lemma B in the X-seksie van 'n tweerigtingwoordeboek, ook ingesluit moet word as 'n lemma in die Y-seksie van die woordeboek met ten minste the leksikale item B, die relevante lemma van die X-seksie, as een van sy vertalingsekwivalente. Hierdie tesis gaan aandui hoe, wanneer daar nie aan hierdie vereistes voldoen word nie, 'n minderwaardige produk die resultaat is van baie ure se harde werk. Die hoofareas onder bespreking is onder meer etikette, Spellingonreëlmatighede en die afwesigheid van vertalingsekwivalente. Daar word egter ook aandag geskenk aan probleme wat nie op so 'n groot skaal voor kom nie.
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Soami, Leandre Serge. "Towards the development and application of representative lexicographic corpora for the Gabonese languages." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4217.
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Thesis (DLitt (Afrikaans and Dutch))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The compilation of dictionaries is a laborious activity and it takes time, money and staff to achieve the objectives of any dictionary project. Many dictionaries have been compiled using the lexicographers’ personal intuition and guessing rather than being corpus based. That resulted in some dictionaries often being criticised by users because of the lack of representation of some important lexical items. This can probably be explained by the fact that most of these dictionaries were compiled in an era when theoretical lexicography was lacking or not well established. The last decades have witnessed the emergence of metalexicography as a theory directed also at dictionary planning in order to enhance the quality of lexicographic practice and the way in which the management and the compilation of dictionaries are dealt with. The planning of dictionaries takes into account not only the gathering of language material to be used but also the way in which this material will be treated and presented on both the macrostructural and the microstructural level as well as in the front matter texts and the back matter texts. In order to enhance the quality of the presentation in dictionaries, this dissertation pleads in favour of the formulation of a data collection policy that takes into consideration all the different sources of material, written and spoken, used in the different phases of the compilation of a dictionary. The three phases that form the main focus of this study are the material acquisition phase, the material preparation phase and the material processing phase. The involvement of the speech community in the compilation of a lexicographic corpus ensures the collection of representative and balanced data, and the different needs of that community are central to the dictionary project. The different language materials can be organised into different corpus types. The efficiency of a corpus resides in its capacity to provide different data types that can be included in the comment on semantics and the comment on form of each article in the central list of each dictionary. Some dictionaries lack a good representation of data in both these comments in the different articles. However, languages such as the Gabonese languages are in a privileged situation because they can still avoid the mistakes of other dictionary compilers by investing in corpus-based dictionaries at this early stage. Therefore, the establishment of lexicographic units with multifunctional tasks can play an important role. In a multilingual environment such as Gabon the issue of language status needs to be dealt with carefully because it is realistic to choose a certain number of languages to function as official languages. Different alphabets are presented in this study and realistic choices are made. The way in which the language material is organised will impact on the quality of the macrostructure and microstructure; this is essential because dictionaries are consulted most of the time for the spelling of a given lexical item, for a translation equivalent or for the explanation of the meaning of a lemma sign. The computerisation of a corpus is a focal point and needs to be done in a satisfactory manner that presents a clean and helpful corpus in order to provide the lexicographer with useful statistics, frequency word lists and the different concordance lines that are very important for the wording of definitions and the extraction of example sentences. This is why a corpus is seen as an indispensable tool in the improvement of the macro- and the microstructure of any type of dictionary.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die saamstel van woordeboeke is ’n moeisame aktiwiteit, en dit verg tyd, geld en personeel om die doelstellings van ’n woordeboekprojek te bereik. Talle woordeboeke is op grond van die navorsers se persoonlike intuïsie en raaiwerk saamgestel, in stede daarvan dat dit korpusgebaseerd is. Die gevolg is dat baie woordeboeke dikwels deur gebruikers gekritiseer word weens die gebrek aan verteenwoordiging van enkele belangrike leksikale items. Dít kan moontlik verklaar word deur die feit dat die meeste van hierdie woordeboeke saamgestel is in ’n era waartydens teoretiese leksikografie gebrekkig en nie goed gevestig was nie. In die afgelope dekades het metaleksikografie na vore getree as a teorie wat op woordeboekbeplanning gerig is ten einde die gehalte van die leksikografie-praktyk en die manier waarop die bestuur en samestelling van woordeboeke hanteer word, te verbeter. By die beplanning van woordeboeke word nie net die versameling taalmateriaal wat gebruik kan word in berekening gebring nie, maar ook die manier waarop hierdie materiaal op sowel makro- as mikrostrukturele vlakke, asook in die voorwerk en die agterwerk, hanteer en aangebied gaan word. Ten einde die gehalte van die aanbieding in woordeboeke te verbeter, lewer hierdie proefskrif ’n pleidooi vir die formulering van ’n dataversamelingsbeleid wat al die verskillende materiaalbronne, hetsy skriftelik of mondelings, wat in die verskillende stadia van die samestelling van ’n woordeboek gebruik word, in ag neem. Die drie stadia wat die hooffokus van hierdie studie is, is die stadia waarin die materiaal aangeskaf, voorberei en verwerk word. Die spraakgemeenskap se betrokkenheid by die saamstel van ’n leksikografiese korpus verseker die versameling van verteenwoordigende en gebalanseerde data, en die verskillende behoeftes van sodanige gemeenskap is die kern van die woordeboekprojek. Die verskillende taalmateriale kan in verskillende korpussoorte georden word. Die doeltreffendheid van ’n korpus berus op die vermoë daarvan om verskillende datasoorte te verskaf wat in die kommentaar op semantiek en die kommentaar op vorm van elke item in die sentrale lys van elke woordeboek ingesluit kan word. Sommige woordeboeke toon ’n gebrek aan goeie verteenwoordiging van data in albei hierdie soorte kommentaar in die verskillende items. Tale soos die Gaboenese tale is egter in ’n bevoorregte posisie, aangesien hulle nog die foute van ander woordeboeksamestellers kan vermy deur op hierdie vroeë stadium in korpusgebaseerde woordeboeke te belê. Die stigting van leksikografiese eenhede met multifunksionele take kan dus ’n belangrike rol speel. In ’n veeltalige omgewing soos Gaboen moet die kwessie van taalstatus versigtig hanteer word, aangesien dit realisties is om ’n sekere hoeveelheid tale as amptelike tale te kies. Verskillende alfabette word in hierdie studie aangebied en realistiese keuses word gemaak. Die manier waarop die taalmateriaal georden is, sal ’n uitwerking op die makro- en mikrostruktuur hê; dit is van belang omdat woordeboeke meestal vir die spelling van ’n gegewe leksikale item, vir ’n vertaalekwivalent of vir die verklaring van die betekenis van ’n lemmateken geraadpleeg word. Die rekenarisering van ’n korpus is ’n belangrike aspek en moet op ’n bevredigende wyse uitgevoer word wat ’n skoon en nuttige korpus lewer ten einde die leksikograaf van goeie statistieke, frekwensiewoordlyste en die verskillende konkordansielyne te voorsien, wat baie belangrik is vir die skryf van definisies en die onttrekking van voorbeeldsinne. Om hierdie rede word ’n korpus as ’n onmisbare instrument in die verbetering van die makro- en mikrostruktuur van enige soort woordeboek beskou.
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Lekganyane, Diapo Nelson. "Lexicographic perspectives on the use of Sepedi as a high function language /." Pretoria : [S.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11182005-131048.
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Jackson, Regina Greiwe Smith Michel. "Properties of nonmetric hereditarily indecomposable subcontinua of finite products of lexicographic arcs." Auburn, Ala., 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1922.
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Kim, Dong-Gook. "An Analysis of Ecological and Social Rationality: When are Lexicographic Heuristics Preferred?" unrestricted, 2008. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-08182008-212550/.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2008.Title from file title page. Thomas Whalen, committee chair; Julian Diaz III, C. S. Thachenkary, Rodney Schultz, committee members. Electronic text (168 p. : ill. (some col.)) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed November 3, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 164-168).
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Avin, Ittamar Johanan. "Driven to distinguish : Samuel Johnson's lexicographic turn of mind : a psychocritical study." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15027.
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As a man of letters with an exceptionally extensive and diverse output, Samuel Johnson (1709-1784) has invited consideration from a variety of angles. The present study offers a 'reading' of Johnson as a framer of distinctions. His distinction-making activity is viewed as a capital feature of the oeuvre, characterizing it across almost its entire range, a very substantial body of evidence is adduced in support of this reading. Broken up by distinction-type, the mass of evidence sorts itself out into seventeen different categories themselves grouped under seven 'thematic' heads. The organization of the inquiry on taxonomic lines is intended both to throw into relief the multiform character of Johnson's distinction-making praxis (something not heretofore remarked) and also to provide a comprehensive, systematic and easily 'readable' account of it. That the evidence testifying to Johnson's distinction-making turned out to be so voluminous could not but occasion the thought that it might be an involuntary activity, a 'drive' grounded in the very 'set' of his psyche which comes in consequence to be viewed as in some sort 'formed for distinction-making'. This thought evolved into the thesis that the present study undertakes to defend, in doing which it becomes a psychocritical investigation inscribed within the theoretical frame of psychological stylistics whose aim is to make inferences and advance hypotheses about the build and workings of a mind from an analysis of the linguistic and stylistic data it generates.
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Gillis-Webber, Frances. "The construction of a linguistic linked data framework for bilingual lexicographic resources." Master's thesis, Faculty of Humanities, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31568.
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Little-known lexicographic resources can be of tremendous value to users once digitised. By extending the digitisation efforts for a lexicographic resource, converting the human readable digital object to a state that is also machine-readable, structured data can be created that is semantically interoperable, thereby enabling the lexicographic resource to access, and be accessed by, other semantically interoperable resources. The purpose of this study is to formulate a process when converting a lexicographic resource in print form to a machine-readable bilingual lexicographic resource applying linguistic linked data principles, using the English-Xhosa Dictionary for Nurses as a case study. This is accomplished by creating a linked data framework, in which data are expressed in the form of RDF triples and URIs, in a manner which allows for extensibility to a multilingual resource. Click languages with characters not typically represented by the Roman alphabet are also considered. The purpose of this linked data framework is to define each lexical entry as “historically dynamic”, instead of “ontologically static” (Rafferty, 2016:5). For a framework which has instances in constant evolution, focus is thus given to the management of provenance and linked data generation thereof. The output is an implementation framework which provides methodological guidelines for similar language resources in the interdisciplinary field of Library and Information Science.
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Schnitzer, Johannes, and Dagmar Gromann. "Estrategias de combinación de recursos lexicográficos en la adquisición de lenguas extranjeras (en contextos específicos)." Universidad Nebrija Campus Princesa, 2017. http://epub.wu.ac.at/6456/1/schnitzer.pdf.
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En relativamente poco tiempo el mundo lexicográfico ha experimentado
cambios radicales
respecto a la producción, a la disponibilidad y
al uso de los distintos
recursos lexicográficos.
Han surgido nuevos medios que, aunque no ti
enen la búsqueda lexicográfica como primera
función, bien pueden servir pa
ra este objetivo: buscadores de internet, corpus de textos
paralelos, foros electrónicos, medios social
es, traductores automáticos, etc. En este
contexto se plantean preguntas como qué
papel desempeñan los distintos recursos
lexicográficos en una búsqueda lexicográfica concreta, cuál es la combinación de ellos y
cuál su cronología de uso. Este artículo profun
diza en estas preguntas a base de un análisis
del comportamiento lexicográfico en cinco leng
uas extranjeras diferentes de 62 estudiantes
de Administración de Empresas
y, de esta manera, determina distintas estrategias de
búsqueda.
17
Hocking, Laird Robert. "A complex analysis based derivation of multigrid smoothing factors of lexicographic Gauss-Seidel." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/37012.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis aims to present a unified framework for deriving analytical formulas for multigrid smoothing factors in arbitrary dimensions, under certain simplifying assumptions. To derive these expressions we rely on complex analysis and geometric considerations, using the maximum modulus principle and Mobius transformations.
We restrict our attention to pointwise and block lexicographic Gauss-Seidel smoothers on a d-dimensional uniform mesh, where the computational molecule of the associated discrete operator forms a 2d+1 point star. In the pointwise case the effect of a relaxation parameter, as well as different choices of mesh ratio, are analyzed. The results apply to any number of spatial dimensions, and are applicable to high-dimensional versions of a few common model problems with constant coefficients, including the Poisson and anisotropic diffusion equations as well as the convection-diffusion equation. We show that in most cases our formulas, exact under the simplifying assumptions of Local Fourier Analysis, form tight upper bounds for the asymptotic convergence of geometric multigrid in practice. We also show that there are asymmetric cases where lexicographic Gauss-Seidel smoothing outperforms red-black Gauss-Seidel smoothing; this occurs for certain model convection-diffusion equations with high mesh Reynolds numbers.
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Bergert, Franklin Bryan. "Using response time to distinguish between lexicographic and linear models of decision making." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3297942.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Psychological and Brain Sciences and Program in Neuroscience Dept., 2008.Title from dissertation home page (viewed Sept. 30, 2008). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-03, Section: B, page: 1980. Adviser: Robert M. Nosofsky.
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Ball, Matthew Bruce. "Dictionaries and ideology: The treatment of gays, lesbians and bisexuals in lexicographic works." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/4466.
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This thesis examines ideological influence on lexicography. Since dictionaries can be viewed as a form of ideological commentary, what do they say about the different groups that society marginalizes either because of these groups' minority status or because of the norms and values of the majority? How do dictionaries reflect society's persistent prejudices and stereotypes? These questions prove to be important because language and words shape our thoughts and expression and dictionaries are viewed as the authority on their use. This research is of added interest because the dictionary is ostensibly scientific, objective and neutral and many users are not aware that the dictionary might mirror the values and prejudices of the dominant ideology of the society in which it is produced. First, the thesis examines the conceptual framework of the relationship between the dictionary and dominant ideology. Then, I analyze a variety of dictionaries (three English and three French unilingual and three bilingual English-French) and their treatment of 67 lexical items that refer to the lesbian, bisexual and gay communities based on this conceptual framework. The results of this research reveal (a) that the dictionary excludes many words that do not represent the dominant ideology, and (b) that for those words that are included, little information is provided and what is provided reveals sociocultural bias.
20
Mohlala, Mmete Benjamin. "The role of microstructure, with reference to English and Northern Sotho-English dictionaries: A comparative lexicographic analysis." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/629.
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Thesis (M.A. (African Languages)) --University of Limpopo, 2010This study is a comparative analysis of two English monolingual dictionaries and two Northern Sotho – English bilingual dictionaries, namely Concise Oxford English Dictionary(2006), Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary (2006), Pharos Popular Northern Sotho Dictionary (1995) and Sesotho Sa Leboa – English Pukuntšu Dictionary (2006). The above four dictionaries are compared in terms of cross – referencing, pronunciation and parts of speech. The microstructure of certain dictionaries does not address most problems that dictionary users have. It is in the microstructure, where dictionary users learn that certain lemmata are synonymous, polysemous in sense, antonyms or that a lemma has two alternative spellings, and that both spelling are acceptable. This is done through cross –referencing. Dictionary users need to be guided on how lemmata are pronounced, otherwise the meaning of lemmata become distorted. The other problem which the microstructure has to deal with, is to indicate the type of parts of speech lemmata are. This research is an attempt to make lexicographers aware of the importance of including the above aspects in the microstructure of their dictionaries.
21
Rodríguez, Barcia Susana. "El Diccionario de la lengua española (2014): análisis del nuevo discurso lexicográfico de la RAE." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/100684.
Full textAbstract:
Este artículo tiene como principal objetivo dar a conocer algunas actualizaciones en el discurso lexicográfico académico que se evidencian en la vigesimotercera edición del Diccionario de la lengua española en su versión impresa. A través de un análisis contrastivo de las modalidades discursivas presentes en la edición impresa de 2001, las enmiendas en línea para la edición impresa de 2014 (en caso de artículos para los que se propusieran enmiendas como paso previo a la nueva redacción) y las definiciones definitivas ecogidas en la última edición del DRAE establecemos algunas líneas generales de actuación de la Academia en cuanto a la presencia de la voz de las personas responsables de la redacción de los artículos lexicográficos que se vehicula a través de la modalización discursiva.This paper has as main objective to present some key updates in lexicographicalacademic discourse that are present in the twenty-third edition of the Diccionario de la lengua española. Through a contrastive analysis of discursive modes present in the printed edition of 2001, amendments in line for the printed edition of 2014 (in case of items for which such amendments prior to the new wording were proposed) and the final definition collected at the 23rd edition of DRAE, we establish some general guidelines of the Academy in terms of the presence of the voice of writers and editors in the lexical items that are conveyed through discursive modalization.
22
Mothiba, Tebogo Innocent. "The application of reversibility principle in Northern Sotho-english Bilingual dictionaries : a lexicographic analysis." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1140.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.A. (Translation Studies)) --University of Limpopo, 2012This study focuses on aspects that form part of the reasons of not having complete bidirectional bilingual dictionaries and to find solutions to those problems. The following dictionaries have been evaluated in this study: Oxford Pukuntšu ya Sekolo School Dictionary (2010), Pharos Popular Northern Sotho Dictionary (2007 & 2009) and Sesotho sa Leboa/English Pukuntšu Dictionary (2006). Most African bilingual dictionaries which are supposed to be bidirectional are not because reversibility is not applied thoroughly. This study focuses on checking how Northern Sotho-English bilingual dictionaries apply the reversibility principle. When evaluating bilingual dictionaries it comes to light that there are a lot of errors that lexicographers commit and these errors negatively affect the process of compiling complete user-friendly bidirectional dictionaries. Having user-friendly bidirectional bilingual dictionaries is very important because dictionaries help different language speakers to learn each other’s language.
23
Lin, Charles Tung-tai. "News media choice and audience gratifications : an application of the expectancy-value and lexicographic models /." The Ohio State University, 1985. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu148726053195763.
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Brangel, Larissa Moreira. "O tratamento lexicográfico de vocábulos de cores na perspectiva da semântica cognitiva." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/32830.
Full textAbstract:
As definições de cores encontradas nos dicionários semasiológicos do português estão passíveis a uma série de críticas. A análise dos verbetes de cores dos dicionários AuE (2004), HouE (2001), MiE (2001) e AnMS (1813) revelou que nenhuma destas obras apresentam verbetes de cores satisfatórios no que diz respeito à elucidação do significado de uma cor. Além disso, foi constatado que poucas foram as modificações sofridas nas definições de cores das obras do século XXI quando comparadas à obra do século XIX. O fato de os verbetes de cores dos dias atuais apresentarem falhas semelhantes às dos verbetes de cores de obras editadas há quase 200 anos parece indicar uma lacuna nos estudos lexicográficos que trate das cores nos dicionários. O presente trabalho se dispõe a discutir e tentar preencher esta lacuna. Para tanto, se procurou estabelecer uma relação entre os problemas encontrados nos verbetes de cores e a teoria lexicográfica, a fim de explicar o problema e, se possível, solucioná-lo. A partir dessa primeira análise, foi constatado que os verbetes de cores precisavam ser reestruturados. Para tanto, foi necessário estabelecer parâmetros que elencassem os segmentos informativos realmente necessários em um verbete de cor, para depois, se pensar em reelaborar estes segmentos. Os segmentos informativos reestruturados foram as paráfrases explanatórias e os exemplos, e esta reestruturação se deu com base nos postulados da Semântica Cognitiva. A visão prototípica de categorização, bem como a noção de corporeidade e de experiencialismo trazidas pela Semântica Cognitiva foram bastante proveitosas na discussão a respeito do fenômeno cromático no âmbito da Lexicografia. Através da relação entre teorias lexicográficas e a Semântica Cognitiva, chegou-se à conclusão de que as paráfrases de cores simples devem ser do tipo paráfrase explanatória analítica por metalinguagem do signo extensional e contarem com exemplares universais de cor no seu viés extensional para elucidar a cor. Em relação aos exemplos, eles devem estar alicerçados em padrões sintáticos curtos e frases de construções simples, além de contarem com exemplares prototípicos culturalmente situados das categorias de cor. Em complementação a isto, as cores simples devem contar com o mecanismo de substituição ostensiva, localizado nos textos externos do dicionário, que traga uma gravura da cor definida. A gravura oferecida pelo dicionário deve corresponder à elucidação de uma categoria inteira de cor, em conformidade com os postulados da Semântica Cognitiva sobre categorias prototípicas. Em relação às cores complexas, a Teoria da Mesclagem Conceitual aponta que este tipo de cor não necessita de uma definição, uma vez que seu significado é construído através da decodificação do próprio vocábulo. A proposta oferecida para as cores complexas é que o dicionário faça uma remissão para a cor simples da qual a cor complexa deriva e localize, dentro da categoria de cor simples, a zona correspondente à cor complexa. O desenvolvimento do presente estudo levou à conclusão de que o planejamento e reestruturação dos três segmentos informativos aqui elencados (paráfrase explanatória, exemplos e elementos iconográficos) permite a elaboração de definições mais satisfatórias para vocábulos de cores em dicionários semasiológicos.Color definitions in Portuguese semasiological dictionaries are subject to much criticism. The analysis of color entries in AuE (2004), HouE (2001), MiE (2001), and AnMS (1813) revealed that none of these dictionaries have satisfactory entries when it comes to elucidating the meaning of colors. Moreover, it was observed that color definitions are quite similar when 21th century dictionaries and a 19th century dictionary are contrasted. Finding the same problems in color definitions of current and old dictionaries may indicate a gap in lexicographic studies concerning colors. This thesis aims to discuss and fill this gap. To do so, we tried to relate problems found in color entries to lexicographical theories, in order to explain these problems and, if possible, to solve them. This first analysis led us to conclude that color entries should be restructured. So it was necessary to set parameters, which could establish necessary informative segments to a color entry, and then restructure them. The restructured informative segments were explanatory paraphrases and examples. The restructuring was based on tenets of Cognitive Semantics. The Prototypical Theory and beliefs in Embodiment and Experientialism were very useful to the discussion about the chromatic phenomenon in lexicographical fields. From relating lexicographical theories to Cognitive Semantics, we concluded that simple color paraphrases should be explanatory, analytical paraphrases based on the metalanguage of the extensional sign, and they should rely on universal models of colors in their extensional part. Examples must be founded on short syntactic patterns and sentences with simple construction, relying on culturally situated, prototypical models of color categories. Besides this, simple colors must rely on ostensive replacement, situated in additional sections of the dictionary, which offer a picture of the related color. The picture has to represent/illustrate the entire category of that color, in accordance with the tenets of Cognitive Semantics about prototypical categories. Regarding complex colors, Conceptual Blending Theory shows that this kind of color does not require a definition, once its meaning is constructed by the decoding of the word itself. Our proposal concerning the lexicographical treatment of complex colors is to indicate them within the picture of simple colors. This study led us to conclude that, if one plans and restructures the three informative segments showed here (explanatory paraphrases, examples, and pictures), it is possible to provide more complete definitions of color words in semasiological dictionaries.
25
Nikuze, Emmanuel. "Towards a theoretically motivated model for the lexicographic representation of Kinyarwanda phrasemes in General Kinyarwanda Dictionaries." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86414.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The decision to investigate the lexicographic representation of Kinyarwanda phrasemes has been motivated by two problems. Firstly, the compilers of Kinyarwanda general dictionaries do not take cognisance of the wide-ranging nature of Kinyarwanda phrasemes. As a result, the confusion of different types of phrasemes entails inadequate treatment of phraseology in Kinyarwanda dictionaries. Furthermore, some types of phrasemes are mistakenly left out or under-represented in Kinyarwanda dictionaries due to the fact that the multifaceted nature of Kinyarwanda phrasemes is not recognised. Secondly, the representation of phrasemes in current Kinyarwanda dictionaries is unsatisfactory as far as data presentation, distribution and accessibility is concerned. Therefore, not only is the multifaceted nature of phrasemes not reflected in the representation of phrasemes in Kinyarwanda dictionaries but Kinyarwanda dictionaries also fall short as far as the application of adequate metalexicographic principles and tools is concerned. It is anticipatively argued that the use of innovative tools and suggestions offered by the contemporary theoretical lexicography coupled with insights from the linguistic classification of phrasemes will enable a user-friendly presentation of phrasemes in general dictionaries of Kinyarwanda. This thesis attempts to bring solutions to these shortcomings by formulating theoretically motivated proposals for lexicographic representation of phraseological items in Kinyarwanda general dictionaries. To achieve this goal and in order to formulate a model for lexicographic representation of phrasemes this study uses a positivist approach and utilises two theories of lexicography, namely the functional theory of lexicography mainly developed by Bergenholtz and Tarp and the general theory of lexicography outlined by Wiegand. The theory of lexicographic functions provided this study with decisive heuristics such as the concept of user situation, lexicographic function and user profile that have been employed to devise a function-motivated model of lexicographic representation of different types of phrasemes. Insights from the theory of dictionary structures were used to determine how various dictionary structures could be used to position phrasemes in the dictionary so that easy access is secured. These theories helped formulate policies for inclusion and treatment of different classes of phrasemes taking into account the function that the dictionary is purported to fulfil and the role different structures of the dictionary play in user-friendly distribution of lexicographic data. In addition, this research relied on various sources of data and used a qualitative approach to data analysis and argument construction. In Chapter 3 the concept of phraseme in the framework of Meaning-Text linguistics is defined and various pitfalls in lexicographic representation of phrasemes in existing dictionaries of Kinyarwanda are addressed. In Chapter 4, proposals have been made regarding both straight lemmatisation and sublemmatisation of Kinyarwanda idioms in the central list whereby the proposed models have been evaluated taking into account different lexicographic functions. In addition, suggestions have been made as to how to use both the central list section and the outer texts, especially the back matter and the middle matter to present proverbs in general language dictionaries of Kinyarwanda. Further, a model for lexicographic presentation of collocations has been formulated in Chapter 5, taking into account four lexicographic functions: text production, text translation, text reception and cognitive-oriented dictionary. In this chapter it is shown what the representation of collocations could look like when satisfying each of the above-mentioned lexicographic functions. Finally two models for the lexicographic representation of pragmatemes or pragmatic phrasemes are proposed in Chapter 6. In this chapter, both the internal-article treatment of pragmatemes in the central list and the presentation of pragmatemes in the outer texts are discussed and evaluated. Chapter 7 outlines the summary of major research findings along with related recommendations on the lexicographic treatment of different types of phrasemes and assesses whether the initial research questions have been properly answered, while at the same time paving the way for further research and more comprehensive discussions.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die besluit om die leksikografiese verteenwoordiging van Kinyarwanda fraseme te ondersoek, word deur twee probleme gemotiveer. Eerstens word die uiteenlopende aard van Kinyarwanda fraseme nie deur die samestellers van algemene woordeboeke vir Kinyarwanda in ag geneem nie. Die verwarring van die verskillende tipes fraseme lei tot onvoldoende hantering van fraseologie in Kinyarwanda woordeboeke. Voorts word sekere tipes fraseme eenvoudig uit Kinyarwanda woordeboeke weggelaat of swak verteenwoordig, juis omdat die veelsydige aard van Kinyarwanda fraseme misgekyk word. Tweedens is die verteenwoordiging van fraseme in die bestaande Kinyarwanda woordeboeke onbevredigend wat betref die aanbod, verspreiding en toeganklikheid van data. Daarom word die veelsydige aard van fraseme nie net swak verteenwoordig in Kinyarwanda woordeboeke nie, maar sodanige woordeboeke skiet ook ver te kort wat die toepassing van voldoende metaleksikografiese beginsels en toepassings betref. Daar word vooruitskouend ‘n saak voor uitgemaak dat die gebruik van innoverende instrumente en voorstelle vanuit die kontemporêre teoretiese leksikografie tesame met insigte oor die linguistiese klassifikasie van fraseme, ‘n gebruikersvriendelike fraseemaanbod in Kinyarwanda algemene woordeboeke sal bewerkstellig. Hierdie tesis probeer om oplossings vir die tekortkominge te bied deur middel van teoreties gemotiveerde voorstelle vir die leksikografiese verteenwoordiging van fraseologiese items in Kinyarwanda algemene woordeboeke. Om hierdie doel te verwesenlik en om ‘n model vir die leksikografiese verteenwoordiging van fraseme te ontwikkel, word ‘n positivistiese benadering gevolg en word twee leskikografieteorieë, naamlik die funksionele teorie, hoofsaaklik ontwikkel deur Bergenholtz en Tarp, en die algemene leksikografieteorie soos uiteengesit deur Wiegand, toegepas. Die teorie van leksikografiese funksies het hierdie studie van bepalende, deurslaggewende riglyne voorsien, soos die konsep van die gebruiker se situasie, die leksikografiese funksie, en die gebruikersprofiel wat gebruik is om ‘n funksie-gemotiveerde model van leksikografiese verteenwoordiging vir die verskillende tipes fraseme op te stel. Daarbenewens is insigte uit die woordeboekstruktuurteorie aangewend om te bepaal hoe verskillende woordeboekstrukture gebruik kan word om fraseme sodanig in woordeboeke te posisioneer dat vinnige en maklike toegang verseker word. Hierdie teorieë het bygedra tot beleidsformulering vir die insluiting en hantering van verskillende klasse fraseme met inagname van die veronderstelde woordeboekfunksie en die rol wat verskillende woordeboekstrukture in die gebruikersvriendelike verspreiding van leksikografiese data speel. Die navorsing het ook op verskeie databronne staatgemaak en ‘n kwalitatiewe benadering tot data-analise en argumentkonstruksie is gebruik. In hoofstuk 3 is die konsep fraseem binne die raamwerk van die linguistiese teorie van Meaning-Text (Betekenis-Teks) gedefinieer en verskeie slaggate in die leksikografiese verteenwoordiging van fraseme in bestaande Kinyarwanda woordeboeke word ondersoek. In hoofstuk 4 word voorstelle ten opsigte van die gewone lemmatisering en sublemmatisering van Kinyarwanda idiome in die sentrale lys bespreek en die voorgestelde modelle word geёvalueer met inagname van die verskillende leksikografiese funksies. Daarbenewens word voorstelle gemaak oor hoe om sowel die sentrale lys as die buitetekste, veral die agter- en middelteks, te gebruik om spreekwoorde in Kinyarwanda woordeboeke vir algemene taal aan te bied. ‘n Model vir die leksikografiese voorstelling van kollokasies word in hoofstuk 5 geformuleer. Vier leksikografiese funksies word in ag geneem, naamlik teksproduksie, teksvertaling, teksresepsie en kognitief-georiёnteerde woordeboeke. Daar word aangetoon hoe kollokasies verteenwoordig kan word sodat elk van die bogenoemde leksikografiese funksies in ag geneem word. Twee modelle vir die leksikografiese verteenwoordiging van pragmateme of pragmatiese fraseme word in hoofstuk 6 voorgestel. Sowel die interne-artikelhantering van pragmateme as die hantering van pragmateme in die buitetekste word bespreek en evalueer. Ten slotte word die belangrikste navorsingsresultate saam met ander voorstelle ten opsigte van die leksikografiese hantering van verskillende tipes fraseme in hoofstuk 7 uitgelig. Daar word ook gekyk of die navorsingsvrae behoorlik beantwoord is, terwyl die weg gebaan word vir verdere navorsing en meer omvattende bespreking.
26
Molina, Muga Gabriel. "Music terminology in Ancient Egypt, a lexicographic study of verbal expressions concerning the playing of musical instruments." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Egyptologi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-392796.
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The focus of this paper concerns different verbal expressions found within the ancient Egyptian historical and archaeological record that describes the act of playing different instruments. This paper sheds light on ancient Egyptian hieroglyphic terminology by presenting the corresponding translations and transliterations from the Pharaonic Period. A discussion is carried out concerning whether or not the terms in question have any polysemic meanings as well as any traceable etymology or developmental aspects. Tomb scenes with captions of expressions on how to play musical instruments are the primary sources for this paper to demonstrate the different variations of the terminology.
27
Perez, Canizares Pilar, and Johannes Schnitzer. "El uso de herramientas lexicográficas ante problemas terminológicos: estrategias de profesores y estudiantes de ELE/EL2." Taylor & Francis Group, 2019. http://epub.wu.ac.at/6983/1/23247797.2019.pdf.
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Con el objetivo de contribuir al desarrollo de las estrategias de búsqueda
lexicográfica de los estudiantes de español LE/L2, se realizó un estudio
empírico para averiguar el uso concreto de recursos lexicográficos por
parte tanto de profesores como de estudiantes. Con tal finalidad se
observaron y anotaron los recursos usados, el orden de consulta y
también las estrategias aplicadas por ambos grupos al realizar una
traducción técnica del alemán al español. El análisis de los datos revela
que existen pocas diferencias entre las estrategias de ambos grupos de
usuarios: si bien los estudiantes realizan un mayor número de consultas
y usan más recursos, no necesitan más tiempo que los profesores y
además llegan a resultados similares respecto a la corrección de las
traducciones. Todo ello apunta a que, antes de entrenar a los
estudiantes de ELE en el manejo de recursos lexicográficos, es necesario
capacitar al profesorado en su uso.
28
Tarp, Sven. "Lexicography in the borderland between knowledge and non-knowledge general lexicographical theory with particular focus on learner's lexicography." Tübingen Niemeyer, 2006. http://d-nb.info/988545373/04.
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Burlingham, Bronwyn. "Lexicographic traditions and prefatory discourse of 17 th century dictionaries: Monolingual English, monolingual French, and bilingual French-English works." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26861.
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In this study, we have explored the prefaces of monolingual English, monolingual French, and bilingual French-English dictionaries of the 17 th century. The monolingual works studied constitute the first of this kind to have been published. Over the course of this research, we have demonstrated that despite different lexicographic traditions, dictionary prefaces convey basically the same type of information, and address the same general issues.
This study is divided into two main sections. In the first, we have provided historical information on the dictionaries, so as to illustrate the historical context in which they were published.
In the second section, we have examined the prefaces themselves, first giving an overview of each text studied, and then providing a thematic analysis of the prefaces within each group as a whole, observing topics that are commonly treated among them, within the broader categories of dictionary content, lexicographic context, and linguistic context.
Over the course of the research, we have established that though each text is unique, certain features are shared not only among the prefaces within one same category, but in fact across all three types of dictionary.
30
Kaye-Blake, William Henry. "Demand for genetically modified food : theory and empirical findings." Phd thesis, Lincoln University. Commerce Division, 2006. http://theses.lincoln.ac.nz/public/adt-NZLIU20060913.102217.
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As economies develop, novel products are created and markets for these products arise. Genetically modified food (GMF) is an example of such a novel product and provides economists with the opportunity to investigate an infant market. Of particular interest with GMF is the impact of consumer reactions on the market. The response of consumers to GMF and their willingness to pay for it has emerged as an important factor in the development of this technology.
This research investigates these consumer responses. Prior research suggests that two aspects of consumer behaviour may be relevant for the GMF market. First, consumers may react differently to different types of GMF, so that some products are potentially more economically viable. Secondly, some consumers appear to prefer not having GMF at all.
Consumer behaviour is often framed according to neoclassical economic theory. Consumer preferences over goods and the attributes of those goods are generally held to have certain properties. The aspects of consumers reactions to GMF noted above, however, may be in conflict with two properties of preferences in neoclassical theory. First, preferences over food attributes are not separable, but may interact with each other. Secondly, some consumers may have preferences regarding GMF that are not continuous. As a result, aggregate impacts of introducing GMF may be difficult to measure, which raises a third issue for investigation, aggregation.
Finally, an alternative model of consumer behaviour is bounded rationality, which theorises that choices may be discontinuous as a result of specific protocols. It also suggests that consumers seek to make good-enough choices, rather than attempting to maximise their satisfaction. Thus, optimisation or maximisation is the fourth issue considered in this thesis.
In order to investigate these properties of consumers preferences, a choice experiment survey was developed. The strength of a choice experiment for examining these issues is its focus on the impact of each product attribute on a respondents choices. Thus, it may be possible to identify potentially discontinuous choice patterns and to identify choices affected by interactions between GM technology and other food attributes.
Results from a neoclassical analysis of the survey data suggest that some consumers consider the type of benefit created with GM technology in making their choices. In addition, one-quarter to one-half of respondents may have had discontinuous preferences with respect to GMF. Reactions to GMF appear related to respondents attitudes, but not to socio-economic or demographic descriptors. As a result, aggregate measures of the impact of GMF may not fully account for consumers responses. A boundedly rational model also has reasonable goodness of fit, and may provide a different perspective on consumer behaviour.
It is hoped that the results of this research provide a better understanding of consumer behaviour regarding GMF and, by extension, of the process of consumer adoption of novel products. It is further hoped that this attempt to incorporate choice protocols into discrete choice analysis will provide a useful example for further research.
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Choi, Ji In. "La lexicographie franco-coréenne entre théorie et application." Thesis, Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040251.
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Les auteurs de dictionnaires bilingues semblent avoir toujours été préoccupés par la question de la mise en équivalence. Dans cette perspective, cette thèse se propose d’interroger les divers aspects de la lexicographie lors de l’élaboration des dictionnaires bilingues, notamment franco-coréens destinés aux coréanophones, en tentant de reconstruire, sur un mode à la fois historique et systématique, le dispositif méthodique et raisonné qui avait permis aux lexicographes de poser les conditions métalexicographiques. Celles-ci s’appliquent à tous les paramètres qui constituent la logique du dictionnaire sur un plan structurel et sémantique. Cette mise au point théorique a pour but d’envisager comment les dictionnaires bilingues sont mis en valeur lors d’une refonte ou d’une nouvelle parution. À travers l’étude des dix-huit dictionnaires rédigés en Corée depuis la fin XIXe siècle jusqu’à aujourd’hui, nous observons une transformation des interprétations de la méthode métalexicographique et l’élaboration du concept de dictionnaire contemporain. Ce travail s’intéresse enfin à proposer des équivalents pour deux verbes, circuler et éloigner, du Prime Dictionnaire français-coréen, en comparant la façon dont le Grand Robert et le Trésor de la langue française regroupent les sens et les acceptions de ces verbes avec celle du dictionnaire français-coréenBilingual dictionaries seem to have always been concerned about the issues of establishing equivalence. Within this context, this thesis proposes to examine the various aspects of lexicography in the developments of French-Korean, Korean-French bilingual dictionaries, particularly for the Korean speakers, while trying to rebuild, on a historical and systematic mode, the methodical and rational device that allowed the lexicographers to set meta-lexicographical conditions. This applies to all the factors of logic for dictionary organization at a structural and semantic level. The theoretical development is made to consider how the bilingual dictionaries enhance in quality during a renewal or a new release. Through the study of the eighteen dictionaries written in Korea since the late nineteenth century until today, we can observe the transformation of how the meta-lexicographical method was interpreted in practice and how the concept of contemporary dictionary was developed. This work propose equivalents of two verbs, circuler and éloigner; extracts from the Prime French-Korean Dictionary, as compared how the Grand Robert and the Trésor de la langue française organize meanings
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Diaz, Martinez Liset. "L'espagnol de Colombie, Projet d'étude sociolinguistique appliqué au lexique." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CERG0669.
Full textAbstract:
L'espagnol est une langue internationale constituée de plusieurs variétés qui disposent de caractéristiques particulières. Il existe une tradition qui prétend maintenir une identité linguistique totale, mais sur un critère normatif prescriptif considérant tout ce qui n'est pas espagnol péninsulaire comme une « corruption ». Ce dernier est considéré comme l'espagnol « commun » ou « général », et l'espagnol des pays américains est perçu comme une « déviation » par rapport « au noyau » de la langue (l'espagnol de la péninsule).Plusieurs chercheurs s'accordent maintenant à donner la même valeur aux variétés de l'espagnol. Néanmoins, une bonne partie des études portant sur les variétés américaines ne sortent pas encore de cette tradition prescriptive : ce sont des descriptions de particularités, des différences par rapport à la norme établie par l'Académie Royale Espagnole. Cela est dû au manque d'une description de l'espagnol commun à tout le monde hispanophone qui servirait de modèle pour la comparaison. Ce manque (théorique et pratique) doit être compensé au fur et à mesure par les nouvelles recherches. L'espagnol doit donc être reconnu comme diasystème, tous les sous-systèmes ou variétés doivent être acceptés, étudiés d'une manière plus objective et avoir la même valeur axiologique.Pour dépasser cette tradition établie, on propose dans cette recherche, une caractérisation de l'une des variétés de l'espagnol suivant une approche globale et autonome. Plus précisément, une caractérisation de l'espagnol de Colombie et non pas des « colombianismes » comme il est d'usage. Il doit être possible d'arriver à une description nationale de cette variété au niveau lexical en réalisant des descriptions partielles dans des endroits stratégiques comme les grandes villes (capitales départementales du pays)Spanish is an international language made of several varieties, each variety with particular characteristics. There has always been the tradition of maintaining a total linguistic identity, based on prescriptive normative criteria that consider the Spanish of non-peninsular origin "corrupted". Peninsular Spanish is considered "common" or "general" Spanish. Spanish spoken in American countries is seen as a "deviation" from "the core" language (the peninsular Spanish).Many researchers now agree to give the same value to all Spanish varieties. However, many of the studies on American varieties do not come out from prescriptive tradition. They describe particularities, or differences compared to the norm set by The Royal Spanish Academy. This is due to the lack of a description of the common Spanish in the Spanish-speaking world, which could serve as a pattern for comparison. This lack (theoretical and practical) must be compensated gradually by new research. Spanish should be recognized as a diasystem; all subsystems or varieties must be accepted, studied in a more objective way and have the same axiological value.To overcome this established tradition, in this piece of research, we propose the characterization of one of the varieties of Spanish following a global and autonomous approach. More specifically, a characterization of the Spanish of Colombia and not of the "colombianisms" as is done traditionally. We prove possible to reach a national description of this variety at the lexical level by making partial descriptions in strategic places like big cities (departmental capitals of the country)
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Pelizzoni, Fabio. "Entre grammaire et lexicographie. Le cas des verbes dans des ouvrages lexicographiques français (1789-1914)." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CERG0761/document.
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Notre thèse se veut une étude du rapport entre la grammaire et la lexicographie généraliste française, de 1789 à 1914. Le choix de cette période s’explique par certains aspects novateurs de la lexicographie de l’époque : entre autres, « démocratisation » du rôle du dictionnaire, approbation de la Loi Guizot en 1833 (enseignement primaire gratuit), publication de grands ouvrages (Littré, Grand Larousse). Sans avoir la prétention de retrouver une grammaire complète à l’intérieur d’un dictionnaire, nous nous sommes proposé de vérifier s’il est possible d’élaborer une « grammaire du verbe » (hypothèse initiale). Nous avons donc mené une recherche globale et systématique de tous les mots qui, directement ou indirectement, pouvaient se rapporter au sujet de notre étude ; nous avons analysé les dictionnaires en accordant une attention particulière à la microstructure, mais sans oublier d’étudier soigneusement les annexes grammaticales (avec ou sans tables verbales), qui ne sont présentes que dans les premiers dictionnaires analysés. Par le biais de tableaux comparatifs, nous avons considéré tout aspect concernant le verbe (typologies, modifications, formations des temps, etc.), en soulignant à chaque fois les analogies et les différences entre les dictionnaires eux-mêmes et les grammaires de référence (Port-Royal, Beauzée e Lhomond). La nouveauté de ce travail consiste en une recherche sur le verbe menée à partir d’ouvrages lexicographiques, et non de grammaires. Les dictionnaires du corpus nous ont permis de vérifier l’hypothèse initiale, en particulier le Bescherelle, le La Châtre et le Grand Larousse. Nous avons cité à plusieurs reprises ces trois ouvrages en les regroupant comme un « trio » présentant une microstructure très riche. Il suffit de consulter les articles consacrés à « verbe », « conjugaison », « mode », etc., pour se rendre compte que nous y retrouvons, de façon plus ou moins « cachée », des extraits de grammaire : les articles foisonnent en exemples, mais aussi en précis didactiquesOur thesis aims to investigate the relationship between grammar and French general lexicography between 1789 and 1914. The choice of this period is related to some innovative lexicographical aspects, such as the "democratization" of the dictionary’s role, the approval of the Guizot Law in 1833 (focusing on free primary school) and the publication of major works such as the Littré and the Grand Larousse. Without claiming to find a full grammar in a dictionary, we wanted to see if we could elaborate a "grammar of the verb" (starting hypothesis). Therefore, we conducted a comprehensive and systematic research for all words which, directly or indirectly, could relate to the subject matter; we analyzed the dictionaries, with a main focus on microstructure, but without forgetting to study the grammatical attachments (with or without verbal tables), which are included only in the first dictionaries of our corpus. By comparative tables, we took into account all aspects that affect the verb (types, modifications, tense formations, etc.), focusing on similarities and differences between the dictionaries themselves and the reference grammars (Port-Royal, Beauzée and Lhomond). The innovation of this work lies in a research on the verb starting from lexicographical works, not grammars. All the corpus’ dictionaries allowed us to verify the starting hypothesis; in particular, the most complete were the Bescherelle, the La Châtre and the Grand Larousse. We have mentioned these three works several times by grouping them as a "trio" with a very rich microstructure. In fact, by examining the articles dedicated to "verbe", "conjugaison" or "mode", we will find, in a more or less hidden way, true grammar extracts: articles contain many examples, but also educational recommendations
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Olivier, Philippe. "L’ancien occitan auvergnat (Mauriacois et Sanflorain), 1340-1540. Description lexicographique." Thesis, Paris 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA040221.
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La description lexicographique de l'ancien occitan d'une région de taille restreinte - le Mauriacois et le Sanflorain en Haute Auvergne palatalisante - et d'une période limitée - 1340-1540 - a été réalisée à partir de l'analyse et du traitement exhaustif de la documentation manuscrite originale disponible pour cette région et cette période. Le matériel lexical recueilli est présenté sous forme d'un dictionnaire sémasiologique alphabétique dont la nomenclature comporte 7.000 entrées et 12.000 définitions environ. Les principes actuels de la lexicographie sont appliqués à ce matériel : description du sens sous forme de définitions, hiérarchisation arborescente des acceptions, attention soutenue aux lexies complexes et à la syntagmatique, citation de très larges contextes. Les champs lexicaux du droit, du commerce, de la guerre et des métiers - maçonnerie, menuiserie-charpenterie, horlogerie - sont particulièrement bien représentés. Cette étude fournit de nombreuses données inconnues des ouvrages de référence, une importante masse de textes édités de façon rigoureuse et une méthodologie applicable aux autres régions d'ocThis thesis consists of a lexicographical description of Old Occitan as attested in the region of Haute Auvergne characterised by consonantal palatalisation. This region is of restricted size - the area around Saint-Flour and Mauriac. The period covered is closely circumscribed - 1340-1540. The description is based on an analysis of the original handwritten documents available for this region and period. The lexical material is presented in the form of a semasiological alphabetical dictionary with a nomenclature of about 7,000 entries and 12,000 definitions. The most up-to-date principles of lexicography are applied : descriptions of meaning occur as definitions and as hierarchical trees of senses; particular attention is paid to complex lexical items and to syntagmatic relations, with the citation of large sections of the contexts surrounding each words. The lexical fields of law, commerce, warfare and trades - masonry, carpentry, clock-making - are particularly well represented. This study provides a good deal of data not figuring in current reference works, it includes a large quantity of carefully edited texts and follows a lexicographical methodology applicable to other Occitan regions
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Loguercio, Sandra Dias. "Dictionnaires bilingues et pédagogie de la lecture : vers un dictionnaire français-portugais d'appui à la compréhension écrite et à l'apprentissage du vocabulaire en français langue étrangère." Thesis, Paris 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA030053/document.
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Cette étude s’appuie sur l’enseignement de la lecture-compréhension en français pour un public universitaire débutant en FLE au Brésil. Après avoir fait le point sur cette approche didactique et les enjeux de l’enseignement-apprentissage de la lecture en langue étrangère, dans lequel l’acquisition lexicale joue un rôle important, nous rappelons des notions-clés de la lexicologie et de la sémantique lexicale et présentons le cadre des travaux développés en lexicographie pédagogique, où nous situons plus précisément notre travail. En effet, malgré la diffusion de cet enseignement parmi les étudiants en Amérique latine et sa constante réélaboration afin de rendre compte de nouvelles situations d’apprentissage, il présente des lacunes importantes. Ces lacunes se trouvent autour d’un point névralgique pour une grande partie des lecteurs : le déficit lexical. Un déficit qui n’est pas lié qu’à un simple manque de vocabulaire, mais qui passe aussi par un savoir-apprendre les mots. Cette situation est mise à l’épreuve dans cette thèse par deux recherches expérimentales. Une première recherche à caractère plutôt prospectif vise à repérer le rôle du dictionnaire, et particulièrement du dictionnaire bilingue lors de la lecture et l’effet de son usage sur la construction du sens. Une deuxième recherche met en rapport l’emploi de deux outils lexicographiques, un dictionnaire bilingue et un dictionnaire pédagogique destiné à des apprenants de FLE. Ces recherches nous donnent des pistes essentielles pour l’intégration de l’étude lexicale à ce genre d’enseignement et sont complétées par l’analyse des dictionnaires disponibles pour ce public particulier. Ce parcours nous aide à tracer les principes méthodologiques pour l’élaboration d’un dictionnaire pédagogique d’appui à la lecture et à l’acquisition lexicale fondés sur la lexicographie fonctionnelleThis study is based on the teaching model of reading French as a foreign language by university students who are beginners in this language in Brazil. After presenting the essential topics of this didactic approach and the issues related to the teaching-learning process when reading in a foreign language, in which the lexical acquisition plays a major role, we present the basics of lexicology and lexical semantics, and finally we portray the works developed in pedagogical lexicography, in which we place this study. Regardless of its dissemination among Latin America students and of its continuous reformulation to account for new learning situations, this teaching method contains some gaps. The gaps refer to a critical issue for a large number of readers: the lack of lexical knowledge. This issue relates not only to a lack of vocabulary knowledge, but also to the ability of word learning. In this study, this question has been further studied based on two experimental researches. The first one, using a more prospective approach, aims at identifying the role of the dictionary–especially bilingual dictionaries–in the reading process and the effects of dictionary use in the construction of meaning. The second one compares the use of two lexicographic instruments: a bilingual dictionary and a pedagogical dictionary for learners of French as a foreign language. Both researches yield important information about the integration of a lexical study with this teaching model; additionally, they are complemented by the analysis of the dictionaries available to this target audience. In this way, we can set methodological principles to build a pedagogical dictionary that helps students in reading activities and that supports vocabulary acquisition on the basis of functional lexicography
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Carvalho, Maria Aparecida de. "Contribuições para o Atlas Toponímico do estado de Mato Grosso - mesorregião sudeste mato-grossense." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8139/tde-06102010-100017/.
Full textAbstract:
Este trabalho é o resultado da pesquisa lexicográfico-toponímica dos topônimos de cabeceiras, córregos, morros, ribeirões, rios, serras, vazantes, etc. registrados nos mapas e cartas topográficas dos 22 (vinte e dois) municípios que compõem a mesorregião Sudeste Mato-grossense. Os topônimos individualizam os acidentes físicos ou antrópicos, possibilitam uma localização específica dentro de um espaço geográfico amplo, concorrem para delimitar ou unir áreas em um determinado contexto territorial, seja ele, rural ou urbano e demonstram pela amplitude e variedade, extenso campo de estudo para a pesquisa lexicológica. O ato de denominar contribui para diferenciar e, até mesmo, para especificar algo ou alguém que de certo modo apresentava-se igual aos da mesma espécie. O estudo dos nomes próprios de lugares denomina-se Toponímia que é uma das subdivisões da Onomástica. O nome de lugar ou topônimo constitui-se, portanto, o principal objeto de estudo em uma pesquisa lexicográfico-toponímica e, muitas vezes, traz em seu bojo expressiva riqueza histórico-cultural. A conclusão desta pesquisa representa também a elaboração de mais uma etapa do Atlas Toponímico do Estado de Mato Grosso (ATEMT), vinculado ao Projeto ATB Atlas Toponímico do Brasil. As taxionomias de natureza física destacam-se dentre os topônimos pesquisados e constata-se expressivo registro de topônimos de etimologia bororo e tupi.This study is a result fo a lexicographic-toponymic research of the headwaters, small tributary streams, hills, large streams, rivers, mountain ridges, low waters, etc. registered in the maps and topographic letters of the 22 (twenty-two) municipalities that are part of the Mato-grossense Southeastern mesoregion. The toponyms individualize the physical or human-caused accidents, make possible a specific localization within a wide geographic space, allow the delimitation or joining of areas in a certain territorial context, be it, rural or urban and show through wideness and variety, a vast study field for the lexicological research. The act of naming contributes to differentiate and, even, specify something or someone that in a certain way presented itself similar to those of the same species. The study of the proper names of places is called Toponymy which is one of the subdivisions of the Onomastics. The name of a place or toponymy is, therefore, the main object of study in a lexicographic-toponymic research and, many times, brings impressive historicalcultural wealth. The conclusion of this research also represents the elaboration of one more phase of the Toponymic Atlas of the State of Mato Grosso (ATEMT), linked to the ATB - Project Toponymic Atlas of Brazil. The taxonomies of a physical nature stand out among the researched toponyms and an expressive record of toponyms of bororo and tupi etymology is acknowledge.
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Lavignasse, Sophie. "Lexicographie et dictionnairique d'un dictionnaire de spécialité traitant de sport : un cas d'application, le "Dictionnaire du rugby - L'Ovalie dans tous ses sens"." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CERG0469.
Full textAbstract:
Dans un premier temps, afin de définir et de créer une typologie des ouvrages dictionnairiques existants concernant le sport, plus de 400 disciplines sportives ont été identifiées et plus de 200 ont été définies (celles qui étaient les moins répandues dans le monde). Elles ont été ensuite classées dans 19 groupes thématiques, classement qui a été par la suite soumis à une analyse critique. L'ensemble de ces disciplines a permis de référencer près de 500 ouvrages dictionnairiques à partir desquels différents critères d'élaboration d'un dictionnaire de spécialité ont pu être établis. Ainsi, les critères les plus pertinents et les plus adaptés ont été choisis pour élaborer le "Dictionnaire du rugby – L'Ovalie dans tous ses sens".Dans un second temps, une approche concernant ce dictionnaire de spécialité a été présentée en précisant les choix concernant, d'une part, le sujet, et d'autre part, la philosophie d'un tel ouvrage. Cette réflexion a porté sur l'objectif d'un tel dictionnaire, sur le public visé, sur la façon dont il a été rédigé ainsi que sur sa structure. En outre, il a été pertinent d'analyser le traitement du terme rugby (et de son vocabulaire) dans une quinzaine d'ouvrages. Enfin, une étude a été entreprise pour proposer la méthodologie concernant l'élaboration du "Dictionnaire du rugby – L'Ovalie dans tous ses sens" en insistant notamment sur le protocole de rédaction, sur la création de la charte graphique, sur la présentation du paratexte, sur l'élaboration de la nomenclature, sur les différentes étapes de la rédaction et sur celles de la correctionFirstly, in order to define and create a typology of existing dictionaries concerning sport, we identified more than 400 sports and among them we defined more than 200 sports (those which were the less common around the world). We then classified them into 19 thematic groups, which classification has been submitted to a technical review. All these sports have allowed us to reference near to 500 dictionaries from which we have been able to identify the various criteria which enable the writing of specialty dictionaries. We have chosen the most relevant and suitable criteria to write our "Dictionnaire du rugby – L'Ovalie dans tous ses sens".Secondly, we described our approach concerning this specialty dictionary by specifying our thought and choices related to, on the one hand, the subject and, on the other hand, the philosophy of a work of this kind. This reflection covered the objective of such a dictionary, the targeted public, the way it has been written and its structure. Furthermore, we considered the treatment of the term rugby (and of its vocabulary) in about fifteen books. Finally, we proposed our methodology for the writing of the "Dictionnaire du rugby – L'Ovalie dans tous ses sens" focusing in particular on the protocol of writing, the creation of a graphic chart, the presentation of the paratext, the conception of a nomenclature, and on the different steps of the writing and the rectifications
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Loguercio, Sandra Dias. "Dictionnaires bilingues et padagogie de la lecture : vers un dictionnaire français-portugais d'appui a la comprehension ecrite et a lápprentissage du vocabulaire en française langue etrangere." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/71959.
Full textAbstract:
Cette étude s’appuie sur l’enseignement de la lecture-compréhension en français pour un public universitaire débutant en FLE au Brésil. Après avoir fait le point sur cette approche didactique et les enjeux de l’enseignement-apprentissage de la lecture en langue étrangère, dans lequel l’acquisition lexicale joue un rôle important, nous rappelons des notions-clés de la lexicologie et de la sémantique lexicale et présentons le cadre des travaux développés en lexicographie pédagogique, où nous situons plus précisément notre travail. En effet, malgré la diffusion de cet enseignement parmi les étudiants en Amérique latine et sa constante réélaboration afin de rendre compte de nouvelles situations d’apprentissage, il présente des lacunes importantes. Ces lacunes se trouvent autour d’un point névralgique pour une grande partie des lecteurs : le déficit lexical. Un déficit qui n’est pas lié qu’à un simple manque de vocabulaire, mais qui passe aussi par un savoir-apprendre les mots. Cette situation est mise à l’épreuve dans cette thèse par deux recherches expérimentales. Une première recherche à caractère plutôt prospectif vise à repérer le rôle du dictionnaire, et particulièrement du dictionnaire bilingue lors de la lecture et l’effet de son usage sur la construction du sens. Une deuxième recherche met en rapport l’emploi de deux outils lexicographiques, un dictionnaire bilingue et un dictionnaire pédagogique destiné à des apprenants de FLE. Ces recherches nous donnent des pistes essentielles pour l’intégration de l’étude lexicale à ce genre d’enseignement et sont complétées par l’analyse des dictionnaires disponibles pour ce public particulier. Ce parcours nous aide à tracer les principes méthodologiques pour l’élaboration d’un dictionnaire pédagogique d’appui à la lecture et à l’acquisition lexicale fondés sur la lexicographie fonctionnelle.This study is based on the teaching model of reading French as a foreign language by university students who are beginners in this language in Brazil. After presenting the essential topics of this didactic approach and the issues related to the teaching-learning process when reading in a foreign language, in which the lexical acquisition plays a major role, we present the basics of lexicology and lexical semantics, and finally we portray the works developed in pedagogical lexicography, in which we place this study. Regardless of its dissemination among Latin America students and of its continuous reformulation to account for new learning situations, this teaching method contains some gaps. The gaps refer to a critical issue for a large number of readers: the lack of lexical knowledge. This issue relates not only to a lack of vocabulary knowledge, but also to the ability of word learning. In this study, this question has been further studied based on two experimental researches. The first one, using a more prospective approach, aims at identifying the role of the dictionary–especially bilingual dictionaries–in the reading process and the effects of dictionary use in the construction of meaning. The second one compares the use of two lexicographic instruments: a bilingual dictionary and a pedagogical dictionary for learners of French as a foreign language. Both researches yield important information about the integration of a lexical study with this teaching model; additionally, they are complemented by the analysis of the dictionaries available to this target audience. In this way, we can set methodological principles to build a pedagogical dictionary that helps students in reading activities and that supports vocabulary acquisition on the basis of functional lexicography.
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Stumpf, Béatrice. "Lexicographie et lexicologie historique du français." Phd thesis, Université Nancy II, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00502081.
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Thèse sur travaux Le premier volume se divise en deux parties consacrées successivement à la lexicographie diachronique et à la lexicographie synchronique. La première partie relate les différentes étapes de la rédaction des notices Étymologie et Histoire élaborées pour le Trésor de la Langue Française (TLF) avec leurs exigences et leurs difficultés spécifiques et constitue une introduction raisonnée pour l'utilisateur de ce dictionnaire. La seconde, consacrée aux notices rédigées pour le Dictionnaire du Moyen Français (DMF), met l'accent sur les différences entre la lexicographie diachronique et la lexicographie synchronique, cette dernière, grâce au support de l'informatique, étant évolutive. Le second volume, constitué essentiellement par les articles du lexique des Pèlerinages de Guillaume de Digulleville est destiné principalement à dégager les faits linguistiques intéressants non attestés ou mal attestés dans les dictionnaires de référence et vise à apporter des données nouvelles ou complémentaires, notamment en ce qui concerne la variation du moyen français. Il contribue à une meilleure interprétation de cette œuvre d'une frappante richesse, composée par un véritable créateur de mots sous la plume duquel abondent les néologismes, archaïsmes et régionalismes normands et picards. Le dernier volume, constitué par la transcription du manuscrit de Paris, BNF, fr. 1818, est né de la nécessité de rédiger un lexique des Pèlerinages de Guillaume de Digulleville sur des assises philologiquement solides, ce que n'aurait pas permis l'édition du XIXème siècle de J. J. Stürzinger, à la fois peu lisible pour le profane et peu fidèle à son manuscrit de base.
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Di, Cicco Nicola. "Scalable Algorithms for Cloud Radio Access Network (C-RAN) Optimization." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/23755/.
Full textAbstract:
In the evolving scenario of 5G networks, resource allocation algorithms for the Cloud Radio Access Network (C-RAN) model have proven to be the key for managing ever increasing Capital Expenditure (CAPEX) and Operating Expenditure (OPEX) for mobile networks while ensuring high Quality of Service (QoS).
In Chapter 1 a brief overview of the main elements of the C-RAN and of the methodologies that are employed in this work is provided.
In Chapter 2, an exact scalable methodology for a static traffic scenario, based on lexicographic optimization, is proposed for the solution of a multi-objective optimization problem to achieve, among other goals, the minimization of the number of active nodes in the C-RAN while supporting reliability and meeting latency constraints. The optimal solution of the most relevant objectives for networks of several tens of nodes is obtained in few tens of seconds of computational time in the worst case. For the least relevant objective a heuristic is developed, providing near optimal solutions in few seconds of computing time.
In Chapter 3, an optimization framework for dynamic C-RAN reconfiguration is developed. The objective is to maintain C-RAN cost optimization, while minimizing the cost of virtual network function migration. Significant savings in terms of migrations (above 82% for primary virtual BBU functions and above 75% for backup virtual BBU functions) can be obtained with respect to a static traffic scenario, with execution time of the optimization algorithm below 20 seconds in the worst cases, making its application feasible for dynamic scenarios.
In Chapter 4, an alternative Column Generation model formulation is developed, and the quality of the computed lower bounds is evaluated. Further extensions from this baseline (e.g. Column Generation based heuristics, exact Branch&Price algorithms) are left as future work.
In Chapter 5, the main results achieved in this work are summarized, and several possible extensions are proposed.
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Siarri-Mesana, Charlotte. "Les mots nouveaux attestés entre 1990 et 2012 dans le Nouveau Petit Robert Électronique 2012 : une étude lexicologique et lexicographique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM3147/document.
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Nos travaux de thèse ont pour but d’étudier la manifestation de la néologie dans un dictionnaire de langue française. Nous avons choisi de travailler à partir de la version électronique du "Nouveau Petit Robert" parce qu’il incarne un dictionnaire de référence. Nous avons étudié les mots nouveaux attestés entre 1990 et 2012 dans le "Nouveau Petit Robert Électronique" 2012. Nous avons sélectionné une période d’attestation récente, nous voulions observer l’influence qu’avait eu le développement des nouvelles technologies sur le lexique. Le corpus dont nous disposons se compose de 477 mots nouveaux attestés entre 1990 et 2012. Dans notre travail, nous avons mis en évidence les modes de formations de ces mots nouveaux ainsi que les domaines d’expérience auxquels ils sont rattachés. Nous avons aussi consacré une partie à la lexicographie où nous avons mis en lumière les particularités lexicographiques du "Nouveau Petit Robert Électronique" 2012 en comparant quelques extraits des mots du corpus avec deux autres dictionnaires : "Le Petit Larousse Illustré" 2016 et le "Wiktionnaire". Les modes de formation les plus performants des mots du corpus sont ceux relevant de la matrice interne avec un total de 266 mots et ceux relevant de la matrice externe qui regroupe 186 mots. Les mots du corpus appartenant à la matrice interne sont les plus nombreux, cela montre que le lexique se renouvelle par lui-même. Nous avons observé qu’il y avait un déclin des sciences humaines au profit de sciences techniquesThe purpose of this PhD thesis is to study how neology manifests itself in a french language dictionary. I have chosen to work on the electronic version of the "Nouveau Petit Robert", since it is the epitome of a reference dictionary. I studied the new attested words that were added between 1990 and 2012 in the "Nouveau Petit Robert Électronique" 2012. This fairly recent attestation period was chosen in order to observe the influence of new technologies on the lexicon.To build up our corpus it was necessary to enter the period between 1990 and 2012 as a search criteria. In doing so, the corpus of this study is now composed of 477 new attested words added between 1990 and 2012.This work intends to bring out the formation modes of these new words as well as the experience areas to which they are linked. A portion of this study was also dedicated to lexicography. In this section the lexicographical particularities of the "Nouveau Petit Robert Électronique" 2012 are highlighted by comparing a few words extracted from its corpus with the same words in two other dictionaries : "Le Petit Larousse Illustré" 2016 and the "Wiktionnaire".The most efficient formation modes for the corpus’ words are those pertaining to the internal matrix with a total of 266 words, as well as those pertaining to the external matrix with a total of 186 words.The corpus’words belonging to the internal matrix are the most numerous, and it indicates that the lexicon renews itself on its own.There is a distinct decline of the social sciences in favor of technical sciences to be observed
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Wolff, H. Ekkehard. "Contributions to Bantu Lexicography." Universität Leipzig, 1999. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A33562.
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Kaye-Blake, William. "Demand for genetically modified food : theory and empirical findings." Lincoln University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/19.
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As economies develop, novel products are created and markets for these products arise. Genetically modified food (GMF) is an example of such a novel product and provides economists with the opportunity to investigate an infant market. Of particular interest with GMF is the impact of consumer reactions on the market. The response of consumers to GMF and their willingness to pay for it has emerged as an important factor in the development of this technology. This research investigates these consumer responses. Prior research suggests that two aspects of consumer behaviour may be relevant for the GMF market. First, consumers may react differently to different types of GMF, so that some products are potentially more economically viable. Secondly, some consumers appear to prefer not having GMF at all. Consumer behaviour is often framed according to neoclassical economic theory. Consumer preferences over goods and the attributes of those goods are generally held to have certain properties. The aspects of consumers' reactions to GMF noted above, however, may be in conflict with two properties of preferences in neoclassical theory. First, preferences over food attributes are not separable, but may interact with each other. Secondly, some consumers may have preferences regarding GMF that are not continuous. As a result, aggregate impacts of introducing GMF may be difficult to measure, which raises a third issue for investigation, aggregation. Finally, an alternative model of consumer behaviour is bounded rationality, which theorises that choices may be discontinuous as a result of specific protocols. It also suggests that consumers seek to make good-enough choices, rather than attempting to maximise their satisfaction. Thus, optimisation or maximisation is the fourth issue considered in this thesis. In order to investigate these properties of consumers' preferences, a choice experiment survey was developed. The strength of a choice experiment for examining these issues is its focus on the impact of each product attribute on a respondent's choices. Thus, it may be possible to identify potentially discontinuous choice patterns and to identify choices affected by interactions between GM technology and other food attributes. Results from a neoclassical analysis of the survey data suggest that some consumers consider the type of benefit created with GM technology in making their choices. In addition, one-quarter to one-half of respondents may have had discontinuous preferences with respect to GMF. Reactions to GMF appear related to respondents' attitudes, but not to socio-economic or demographic descriptors. As a result, aggregate measures of the impact of GMF may not fully account for consumers' responses. A boundedly rational model also has reasonable goodness of fit, and may provide a different perspective on consumer behaviour. It is hoped that the results of this research provide a better understanding of consumer behaviour regarding GMF and, by extension, of the process of consumer adoption of novel products. It is further hoped that this attempt to incorporate choice protocols into discrete choice analysis will provide a useful example for further research.
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Ismail, Ramia. "Les réseaux de sens issus des racines dans les dictionnaires arabes et arabes-français : une question de traductologie appliquée." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO20113.
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La présente thèse, d’une manière générale relève des Etudes arabes. Elle est située, au sein de ces dernières, au croisement de deux disciplines relevant des sciences du langage : la traductologie et la lexicographie bilingue. Cette dernière est elle-même liée à la traduction, et de l’autre aux problématiques du sens, et notamment dans la langue de départ. C’est l’écheveau des relations complexes entre traductologie et lexicographie que nous allons chercher à dénouer dans le présent travail, consacré en propre à la traduction de l’arabe vers le français et à l’analyse des réseaux de sens au sein de la langue de départ qu’est ici l’arabe. Le problème que nous cherchons à traiter dans cette thèse est celui des dictionnaires bilingues arabes-français. Pour cela nous avons réfléchi à la nécessité que la langue de départ, soit confrontée à elle-même, selon ce que Jakobson (1963) a appelé « traduction intralinguale». Nous avons donc tenté d’étudier les données lexicales de la langue dans la langue arabe elle-même en nous appuyant sur les informations que contiennent les dictionnaires monolingues que nous avons choisis pour notre recherche. Il est bien connu que le dictionnaire bilingue est en ce qui concerne l’arabe postérieur au dictionnaire monolingue. L’arabe, en tant que langue à forte tradition normative, a d’abord connu des dictionnaires monolingues. La lexicographie arabe se caractérise aussi par la richesse et la variété de sa production médiévale entre les 8e et l8e siècles. Toutefois si l’on dispose de beaucoup de dictionnaires monolingues, la lexicographie arabe bilingue demeure en comparaison moins explorée. La première partie de ce travail a pour but d’utiliser la perspective traductologique d’une part, et lexicographique de l’autre. Elle a pour objet d’introduire en la situant dans un cadre théorique général, la démarche lexicographique bilingue, allant de l’analyse sémantique du dictionnaire monolingue à l’élaboration du dictionnaire bilingue. La deuxième partie porte sur une étude de la lexicographie arabe monolingue pour déterminer son rapport avec la lexicographie arabe bilingue. La troisième et dernière partie porte sur les dictionnaires bilingues reconsidérés dans le cas des dictionnaires arabes. Ces dictionnaires sont en effet amenés par nécessité à tenir compte de deux grandes caractéristiques du vocabulaire de cette langue, qui est structuré en fonction de deux grands domaines de familles sémantiques « entrecroisées » : Les racines formelles et leurs sous-racines, et les sens grammaticaux associés aux patrons morpho syllabiquesThe thesis in general is relevant to Arabic studies. It is related to an intersection of two disciplines of the science of language: translation studies and bilingual lexicography. The last mentioned is linked to the translation itself also the meaning issue, more particular, the original text. It represents the crossing point of complex relations between science of translation and lexicography, this issue that we’ll try to solve in the actual work, it will be more about the translation of the Arabic language to the French language and the analyzing of semantic relations of the original text which is the Arabic language in this case. The problem of the bilingual dictionaries Arabic-French is the problem that we’ll look into during all the work of the thesis. That is why we gave a lot of thinking about the necessity of the original language to be confronted by itself according to what Jacobson (1963) has called “intralingual translation”. So we tried to study the lexical data of the language, by analyzing the data of the Arabic language itself while counting on the information given by the monolingual dictionaries that we have chosen. It is known that the bilingual dictionary related to Arabic language has appeared a while after the monolingual dictionary. The Arabic lexicography also known by its richness and its medieval production diversity between the 8th and the 18th centuries. Plus, the Arabic lexicography was not used as it should be and there was not a lot of studies of the subject. The goal of the first part is to use the translation perspective in a hand, and the lexicography from another hand, the object is to introduce the theoretical part in general, the bilingual lexicographical approach, from the semantic analysis of monolingual dictionary in developing the bilingual dictionary. The second part focuses on a study of the monolingual lexicography Arabic to determine its relationship with the bilingual Arabic lexicography. The third and final part focuses on bilingual dictionaries reconsidered in the case of Arabic dictionaries. These dictionaries are indeed led by the necessity to consider two major characteristics of the vocabulary of the language, which is structured around two major areas of semantic families "crossed": Formal roots and their by-roots and grammatical senses associated with morphological syllabic patterns
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Otlogetswe, Thapelo Joseph. "Corpus design for seTswana lexicography /." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2007. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07012008-133107/.
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Gangla, Lilian Atieno. "Pictorial illustrations in dictionaries." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2001. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-02272003-142207.
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De, Blasi Francesca. "Per un Lessico dei Poeti della Scuola siciliana (LPSs)." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0323/document.
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Le travail de recherche s’inscrit dans le cadre de la lexicographie historique et consiste en la conception et la rédaction du lexique du corpus de textes de l’École poétique sicilienne, sur la base de l’édition complète, critique et commentée « I Poeti della Scuola siciliana », publiée en 2008 pour la série « I Meridiani » de la maison d’édition Mondadori, sous le patronage du « Centro di Studi filologici e linguistici siciliani », édité par Roberto Antonelli, pour ce qui est du premier volume (entièrement consacré a Giacomo da Lentini), Costanzo Di Girolamo, pour le deuxième (qui comprend les textes des poètes de la cour de Frédéric II) e Rosario Coluccia pour le troisième (ce qui contient les poèmes des Siculo-toscani).Compte tenu de l’importance extraordinaire de la tradition de la poésie sicilienne pour le développement de la littérature et de la langue poétique italiennes, le Lexique de l’Ecole poétique sicilienne considère toutes les couches stratigraphiques de cette tradition à plusieurs manuscrits, en récupérant et organisant le lexique qui résulte du texte et les leçons écartées par les éditeurs modernes et enregistrées dans les apparats ; il prend en considération aussi la très riche tradition éditoriale moderne de ces textes, en laissant la place aux interprétations proposées par différents éditeursThe research consists on editing the glossary of the Sicilian School texts, with reference to the most recent edition: I Poeti della Scuola siciliana, published in 2008, in the series «I Meridiani» of Mondadori publishing company, edited by Roberto Antonelli (Giacomo da Lentini), Costanzo di Girolamo (Poeti della Corte di Federico II) and Rosario Coluccia (Poeti siculo-toscani).Given the extraordinary importance of the manuscript tradition of Sicilian poetry for the development of Italian literature and poetic language, the Glossary of the Sicilian School considers the stratigraphy of this tradition, by recovering and organizing the lexicon that results from the critical text and the variants rejected by modern editors and recorded in the critical apparatus; it also takes into consideration the very rich modern editorial tradition of these texts, reporting interpretations proposed by different editor
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Métrich, René. "Lexicographie bilingue des particules illocutoires de l'allemand. Contribution a la lexicographie bilingue allemand-francais francais-allemand des "mots de la communication"." Paris 4, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA040036.
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La these se veut travail preparatoire et realisation partielle d'une entreprise plus vaste, visant a la confection d'un dictionnaire bilingue all. -fr. Fr. All. Linguistiguement fonde d'un ensemble de mots a fonction dite communicative. Elle est consacree a l'etude linguistique et au traitement lexicographique du groupe de mots que les linguistes appellent particules modales ou illocutoires. Elle comporte quatre parties, qui refletent les etapes de l'elaboration d'un dictionnaire des particules. Dans la premiere (46 p. ), on s'efforce de mieux delimiter et caracteriser le groupe de mots en question. Vingy-trois elements sont finalement retenus: aber, such, dloss, denn, eben, einfach, einmal (mal), erst, etwa, gar, gefalligst, gleich, halt, immer, ja, noch, nun mal, nur, ruhig, schon, vielleicht et wohl. La seconde (146 p. ) est consacree a la description du dictionnaire bilingue et a l'examen des principaux problemes que pose son elaboration, d'un point de vue general d'abord, sous l'angle des particules ensuite. Dans la troisieme partie (200 p. ), doch fait l'objet d'une etude linguistique minutieuse et d'un traitement lexicographique detaille, proposant notamment des microstructures pour plusieurs types de dictionnaires (theme ou version, general ou specialise). La derniere partie (130 p. ) consiste en un dictionnaire bilingue specialise des vingt-deux particules restantes. Soixante-dix pages de notes et douze pages de bibliographie completent l'ouvrageThis thesis is a contribution to and partial realization of a bilingual frenchgerman german-french linguistically determined dictionary of a set of words that have "communicative" value. The thesis is devoted to a linguistic study and a lexicographical treatment of a set of words which linguists term modal or illocutionary particules. There are four sections which illustrate the process whereby a dictionary of particles can be developped. In the first section the group of words in question is delimited and specified. Twenty-three words are considered in all : aber, auch, bloss, denn, doch, eben, einfach, einmal (mal), erst, etwa, gar, gefalligst, gleich, halt, immer, ja, noch, nun mal, nur, ruhig, schon, vielleicht and wohl. The second section is devoted to the description of the bilingual dictionary and to the examination of the main problems that its realization posed, from a general viewpoint first, and secondly from the point of view of the treatment of the particles. In the third section, the particle doch is subjected to a thorough linguistic analysis and a detailed lexicographical treatment. Microstructures for several types of dictionaries (into and from german, general or specialized) are suggested. The final section consists of a specialized bilingual dictionary of the remainging 22 particles
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Aribi, Noureddine. "Contribution à l'élicitation des paramètres en optimisation multicritère." Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01065629.
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De nombreuses méthodes existent pour résoudre des problèmes d'optimisation multicritère, et il n'est pas aisé de choisir une méthode suffisamment adaptée à un problème multicritère donné. En effet, après le choix d'une méthode multicritère, différents paramètres (e.g. poids, fonctions d'utilité, etc.) doivent être déterminés, soit pour trouver la solution optimale (meilleur compromis) ou pour classer l'ensemble des solutions faisables (alternatives). Justement, vue cette difficulté pour fixer les paramètres, les méthodes d'élicitation sont utilisées pour aider le décideur dans cette tâche de fixation des paramètres. Par ailleurs, nous supposons que nous disposons d'un ensemble de solutions plausibles, et nous faisons aussi l'hypothèse de la disponibilité au préalable, des informations préférentielles obtenues après une interaction avec le décideur. Dans la première contribution de ce travail, nous tirons profit d'une mesure statistique simple et rapidement calculable, à savoir, le coefficient de corrélation $rho$ de Spearman, afin de développer une approche gloutonne (approchée), et deux approches exactes basées sur la programmation par contraintes (PPC) et la programmation linéaire en nombres entiers (PLNE). Ces méthodes sont ensuite utilisées pour éliciter automatiquement les paramètres appropriés de la méthode multicritère basée sur l'ordre lexicographique. Nous proposons aussi des modèles d'élicitation des paramètres d'autres méthodes multicritère, telles que la méthode MinLeximax issue de la théorie du choix social et du partage équitable, la méthode de la somme pondérée et les opérateurs OWA.
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TALLARICO, GIOVANNI LUCA. "La dimensione interculturale nei dizionari bilingue italiano-francese." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/908.
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Le tesi è volta a esplorare la dimensione interculturale nei dizionari bilingue italiano-francese.
La prima parte propone un approccio teorico alla questione. Prendendo le mosse da una ridefinizione delle nozioni di cultura e interculturalità, un excursus storico permette di delineare le relazioni tra lingue e culture. Vengono affrontati in seguito temi come lo statuto epistemologico della lessicografia bilingue e i suoi rapporti con la linguistica; le aporie derivanti dal concetto di equivalenza; la specificità della traduzione nei dizionari bilingue; gli apporti della semantica alla lessicografia. Un’attenzione particolare viene rivolta alle nozioni di scarto semantico, referenziale e culturale e alle lacune lessicali. Ci siamo infine concentrati sul fenomeno della connotazione e su alcune tradizioni di ricerca che sottolineano il valore culturale della lingua.
La seconda parte è incentrata sullo studio del corpus. L’analisi è stata effettuata sulla lettera A dei quattro dizionari presi in esame (Boch, Garzanti, Hachette-Paravia, Larousse). Si è cercato innanzitutto di sottolineare il valore e la tipologia degli scarti prodotti nell’equivalenza, in particolare di quelli culturali. In seguito, ci si è soffermati sugli esempi a funzione culturale. Infine, un esame delle note culturali e di alcuni falsi prestiti ha consentito di apportare un ulteriore contributo alla problematica.Our thesis aims at exploring the intercultural dimension in Italian-French bilingual dictionaries. The first part represents a theoretical approach to the issue. A definition of the concepts of culture and cross-cultural precedes a study of the relationships between languages and cultures. After that, the following themes are dealt with: the epistemological status of bilingual lexicography and its relationships with linguistics; the semantic hindrances to equivalence; the peculiarity of translation in bilingual lexicography; the contributions of semantics to lexicography. Special attention is also given to the concepts of semantic, referential and cultural gaps and to the lexical gaps in general. In the last two chapters, the focus shifts to connotation and to some approaches that stress the importance of cultural values in language. The second part is a corpus-based study on the letter A of four Italian-French contemporary dictionaries (Boch, Garzanti, Hachette-Paravia, Larousse). We have tried, in particular, to emphasize the role and the typology of the gaps occurring in the equivalence, especially of cultural gaps. Then, we focus on culture-bound examples. Finally, we deal with cultural notes and some false borrowings in Italian, in order to show other aspects of equivalence.