Academic literature on the topic 'Lexicographic definition'
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Journal articles on the topic "Lexicographic definition"
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Molodychuk, Olha. "DICTIONARY DEFINITION AS A WAY OF OBJECTIVATION OF ETHNOS KNOWLEDGE ABOUT TOOLS." Philological Review, no. 1 (May 31, 2021): 72–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.31499/2415-8828.1.2021.232672.
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This article analyzes the peculiarities of objectification of ethnos knowledge about tools on the material of definitions of lexicographical works of different years. It has been proved that there is a seal of their creation time on dictionary interpretations. The main tools in their constructions remain as they were many years ago, but their once important details for the consciousness of a native speaker have lost their significance, so in modern definitions they are absent, because there is no need for a more detailed interpretation of these historicisms nowadays. A comparison of interpretations of tools gives grounds to talk about how their perceptions have changed during the historical development of society.
The analysis of practical material proves that there is an inversely proportional relationship between the structure of knowledge presentation and its lexicographic definition. Comparison of dictionary articles presented in lexicographical works of the middle of the 19th – early 20th enturies and late 20th – early 21st centuries proves «tool» progress of the society, where the usual for Ukrainians of the previous time period tool was interpreted in one word, because everything was clear without further explanation, while lexicographic works representing the second time period testify presentation of a detailed description of a tool in the definition, because they are actually used today by representatives of mostly older (sometimes) middle generation of Ukrainians.
The research proves that metaphorical processes are seldom recorded in lexicographical works as objectification of steps up in the semantic structure of the lexical item caused by people’s knowledge about tools and their functioning. This requires of lexicographers to create electronic versions of dictionaries to respond quickly to new meanings.
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Igor Mel’čuk and Alain Polguère. "Theory and Practice of Lexicographic Definition." Journal of Cognitive Science 19, no. 4 (December 2018): 417–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17791/jcs.2018.19.4.417.
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Pálfi, Loránd-Levente, Karin Wolgast, and Tinne Hoff Kjeldsen. "Findes der skønhed i leksikografi?" Fund og Forskning i Det Kongelige Biblioteks Samlinger 57 (September 1, 2019): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/fof.v57i0.118773.
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Loránd-Levente Pálfi, Karin Wolgast & Tinne Hoff Kjeldsen: Towards an aesthetics of lexicography
In this paper, we examine a subject which has apparently never before been the object of research or published intellectual reasoning. The question is if such a thing as a beautiful dictionary or encyclopedia exists, i.e. if we can address lexicographic beauty conceived of as the sum of various inner qualities of lexicographic reference works while stripping our concept of the external properties of books such as bindings, cover, the quality of paper and print, layout, user-interface, etc. After investigating aesthetic qualities as established in other academic fields, of which mathematics and literature have been selected as representative for the purpose of developing a complementary paradigm, the article undertakes a tentative definition of lexicographic beauty.
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Chen, Wenge. "Lexicography, discourse and power." Pragmatics and Society 8, no. 4 (December 31, 2017): 601–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ps.8.4.06che.
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Abstract This paper conceptualizes dictionary bilingualization as a recontextualizing practice and explores how ideology and power play out in the recontextualization of lexicographic discourse across languages and cultures to result in the transformation of meaning. It first proposes viewing the (bilingualized) dictionary as discourse and emphasizes bilingual lexicography as a site of an asymmetrical linguistic and cultural power dynamics. The paper then argues that a synergy of critical discourse analysis and postcolonial studies can reveal the inter-cultural ideological struggle implicit in the bilingualizing lexicographic practice. The body of the study is devoted to the analysis of those shifts taking place in the entries, definition, illustrative examples and pragmatic labels in a bilingualized English-Chinese dictionary, which, when viewed cumulatively, significantly reshape the ideological positioning of the dictionary. The paper discusses the implications for critical lexicographic studies and for research into the interplay between power and resistance between dominating and dominated cultures. It concludes that Periphery English dictionary compilers are able to negotiate the different subjectivities and ideologies inherent in dictionary making and to adopt a subject position favorable to their empowerment in the international English lexicography, although such resistance is far from capable of restructuring the order of lexicography.
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Nelson, Kyra. "Informing Lexicographic Choices Through Corpus and Perceptual Data." International Journal of Lexicography 33, no. 3 (November 23, 2019): 251–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijl/ecz030.
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Abstract Lexicographers make many choices when compiling dictionary entries. Data-driven approaches can better inform such decisions. This paper proposes integration of two such sources, corpus data and perceptual survey data. A survey was distributed to 100 native speakers of English. Participants were asked to provide a definition and example sentence for 18 polysemous English words. After providing definitions, participants were presented with five definitions and asked to rank them by importance. Patterns in the rankings were analyzed to see what factors predicted higher ratings. Frequency was found to predict rankings, while concreteness was also shown to be moderate a predictor and have a potentially strong effect on certain words. Part of speech was not found to be a significant predictor of rank. Results suggest that crowdsourcing may be useful for certain linguistic tasks and that both corpus and perceptual data can be useful in making lexicographic choices.
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Blagova, A. R. "Definition as a Logical and Linguistic Category." Concept: philosophy, religion, culture, no. 1 (July 7, 2020): 72–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2541-8831-2020-1-13-72-83.
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Definition is a logical and linguistic category that for a long time has been the subject of logicians’ and philosophers’ research. Today we understand a definition as a logical method that allows us to discover a word’s content, i.e. what it means in everyday use or what a speaker intends it to mean for this speaker’s own specific purposes. A definition consists of two parts: definiendum (that what is defined) and definiens (that which defines). The definiendum refers to the exact object, action, state etc., that is to be defined. The definiens contains the information necessary to define this object, action, state etc. This information is obtained during the process of definition. In the language, a definition can mean both the process of developing a sentence and the result of this process, i.e. the sentence itself. When composing an explanation of a word’s lexical meaning, we should draw on the vast experience of Russian lexicography. Practical lexicography gave us a wide range of kinds of word definitions which are now being extensively researched as theoretical generalizations and conclusions. This article explores methods of explanation of word meanings in the context of different possible logical relations between definiendum and definiens: inclusion, overlap, complementarity, adjacency. The existing word definitions (hyponymic, identifying, enumerative, synonymic, antonymic) can be distributed between those kinds of logical relations. Descriptive explanations are regarded as a specific kind of definition. Theoretical generalizations and conclusions are backed by examples from the main explanatory dictionaries of the Russian language.The conclusion is drawn that parts of a word definition can enter into different kinds of logical relations. Exploration of those relations is highly important for educational purposes as methodological basis for correct definitions of word meanings as well as for the composition of lexicographic explanations. At the same time, we shouldn’t forget that there are various ways to define a word’s lexical meaning. One and the same word can be defined in a number of ways, so the lexicographers’ main task is still to choose the best way or combination of ways that can fully and accurately discover the meaning of the word being defined.
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Mackenzie, Ian, and Igor Mel'čuk. "Crossroads of Obstetrics and Lexicography: A Case Study (The Lexicographic Definition of the English Adjective PREGNANT)." International Journal of Lexicography 1, no. 2 (1988): 71–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijl/1.2.71.
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Grigorieva, Ekaterina M., and Galina E. Kalacheva. "Stages of formation and development of Scottish lexicography." Verhnevolzhski Philological Bulletin 2, no. 25 (2021): 164–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.20323/2499-9679-2021-2-25-164-169.
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It is well known that lexicography, this fertile ground for scientific research, owes a lot to English researchers. This is confirmed by a historical reference pointing to a specific time period (sixteenth century) when the first reference books started to appear in England, which was ahead of the rest of Europe in this aspect. In spite of this, English lexicography has become pivotal in this matter, it is clear that it has not developed the science of lexicography autonomously. For instance, Scottish lexicographers have introduced authentic and separate dictionary directions, such as glossaries of difficult and obscure Scottish words. The collective monograph Scottish in Definition. A History of Scottish Dictionaries. published in Edinburgh in 2012 and edited by I. McLeod and J. Derrick McClure was an inspiration to correct the situation. The preconditions for the emergence and continued existence of variant national lexicographies have been considered by science for many centuries. During the course of this continuous work a great number of patterns and tendencies have been described accompanying the birth of the lexicography of a particular state, and there is no doubt that all these cases were made possible only by the release of a comprehensive explanatory dictionary, responsible for the description of one particular language. Scottish lexicography plays a prominent role in recent research, as the issue of national identity is particularly relevant at present. The objective of this paper is to address the problems of authenticity of Scottish lexicography within the language system using methods of classifying the evolution stages of Scottish lexicography along with lexicographic analysis of modern Scottish dictionaries. The undertaken research shows that Scottish lexicography is a real phenomenon in British lexicography.
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Generalova, Elena V. "Lexical-Grammatical Status and Lexicographic Presentation of Two-Component Stable Prepositional Combinations." Voprosy leksikografii, no. 19 (2021): 32–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/22274200/19/2.
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The aim of the article is to review the ways of dictionary presentation of stable prepositional combinations and the factors essential for their lexical-grammatical status and the type of optimal lexicographic description. The object of the study is twocomponent prepositional combinations with stable meanings and the “preposition+noun” structure. The material of the article is data of different dictionaries of Russian presenting stable prepositional combinations. In the course of the study, the following questions were answered: why the definition and interpretation of the lexical-grammatical nature of stable prepositional combinations are so difficult and ambiguous; what lexicographic interpretation these units have in dictionaries of different types; what the advantages and disadvantages of different ways of dictionary interpretation of such language material are. The following methods were used: introspective (observation, generalization, classification), systematic lexicographic description according to dictionary parameters, dictionary definition analysis. The summary table of the lexicographic presentation of stable combinations allows seeing both the unresolved question of dictionary interpretation of such units and the patterns of their interpretation depending on the type of a dictionary. As a result of the analysis the following conclusions were drawn. 1) In modern Russian there is a rather large (about 2,000 units) class of language units (prepositional combinations), the lexical-grammatical status of which is not defined, and there is no term for their definition; this class is historically formed and continues to replenish. 2) The type of dictionary presentation of stable prepositional combinations is determined by the dictionary concept, grammatical and syntactic properties, presence of figurative meaning and possibility of component variation of such combinations. 3) The unresolved theoretical issues have as a result the lexicographic discrepancy in the presentation of these language units. Extreme lexicographic solutions are a separate dictionary entry for each combination and the presentation of such units only as stable combinations in the entry of a noun (presented in academic explanatory dictionaries). 4) Taking into account only the factor of presence/absence of a gap seems to formalize the dictionary presentation of adverbs with both conjoined and split spelling, really existing in Russian, and the position of recognition of these units with independent words and their isolate presentation is not impeccable for dictionary users. 5) In the author’s opinion, the presentation of stable prepositional combinations exclusively as independent vocabules is inferior to the traditional lexicographic approach because the isolated presentation of this material breaks the semantic connections of these complex lexical units; the most complex issue is the differentiation of adverbs with split spelling and stable combinations.
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Zemicheva, Svetlana S. "From “Abarmo” to “Yashchichishko”: Creating the Lexicographic Component of the Tomsk Dialect Corpus." Voprosy leksikografii, no. 18 (2020): 98–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/22274200/18/5.
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One of the most important trends in modern dialectological science is creating new electronic resources. The article gives an overview of Russian resources of this kind. Among them dialectal corpora hold a special place. The author of the article focuses on the Tomsk Dialect Corpus, which today includes more than 1,700,000 tokens. This resource is unparalleled in Russian scientific practice. It is designed as a universal information retrieval system which includes three modules: 1) textual, 2) grammatical, 3) lexicographic. The aim of the lexicographic component is to provide definitions of dialect lexemes. To do this, it is proposed to use the Dictionary of Russian Old-Timers’ Dialects of the Middle Part of the River Ob Basin (1964–1967) edited by V.V. Palagina and two supplements to it (1975, 1983–1986). The phases of the implementation of the lexicographic module into the Tomsk Dialect Corpus are described. The first phase was the automatic recognition of the above-mentioned paper dictionary. The second stage is editing the dictionary. The principles of editing the source material are determined by the fact that the lexicographic component is considered as part of a universal electronic system. Two basic editing principles are: the possibility to process a word automatically and the autonomous functioning of each dictionary entry. In accordance with them, the vocabulary and the structure of the dictionary entry were formed. At the stage of forming the vocabulary, some dictionary entries (for example, two-word ones) were discarded. The structure of the dictionary entry contains the main areas: headword, definition and contexts. One of the main editing tasks is to combine dictionary entries from different volumes of the dictionary into one. These words are marked either as homonyms, or as the meanings of one word. Examples of dictionary entries before and after editing are presented in the article. By now, about a half of the original vocabulary has been processed (letters from A to M, 12,450 entries). The final version of the electronic dictionary as part of the Tomsk Dialect Corpus is planned to be presented on the website of the Laboratory of General and Siberian Lexicography (http://losl.tsu.ru/) by June 2021. The prospects of the project include, firstly, the expansion of the vocabulary, and secondly, the implementation of search by dictionary labels (diminutives, augmentative, etc.) into the corpus. The presented solutions can be used in the development of other dialect corpora.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Lexicographic definition"
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Brangel, Larissa Moreira. "O tratamento lexicográfico de vocábulos de cores na perspectiva da semântica cognitiva." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/32830.
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As definições de cores encontradas nos dicionários semasiológicos do português estão passíveis a uma série de críticas. A análise dos verbetes de cores dos dicionários AuE (2004), HouE (2001), MiE (2001) e AnMS (1813) revelou que nenhuma destas obras apresentam verbetes de cores satisfatórios no que diz respeito à elucidação do significado de uma cor. Além disso, foi constatado que poucas foram as modificações sofridas nas definições de cores das obras do século XXI quando comparadas à obra do século XIX. O fato de os verbetes de cores dos dias atuais apresentarem falhas semelhantes às dos verbetes de cores de obras editadas há quase 200 anos parece indicar uma lacuna nos estudos lexicográficos que trate das cores nos dicionários. O presente trabalho se dispõe a discutir e tentar preencher esta lacuna. Para tanto, se procurou estabelecer uma relação entre os problemas encontrados nos verbetes de cores e a teoria lexicográfica, a fim de explicar o problema e, se possível, solucioná-lo. A partir dessa primeira análise, foi constatado que os verbetes de cores precisavam ser reestruturados. Para tanto, foi necessário estabelecer parâmetros que elencassem os segmentos informativos realmente necessários em um verbete de cor, para depois, se pensar em reelaborar estes segmentos. Os segmentos informativos reestruturados foram as paráfrases explanatórias e os exemplos, e esta reestruturação se deu com base nos postulados da Semântica Cognitiva. A visão prototípica de categorização, bem como a noção de corporeidade e de experiencialismo trazidas pela Semântica Cognitiva foram bastante proveitosas na discussão a respeito do fenômeno cromático no âmbito da Lexicografia. Através da relação entre teorias lexicográficas e a Semântica Cognitiva, chegou-se à conclusão de que as paráfrases de cores simples devem ser do tipo paráfrase explanatória analítica por metalinguagem do signo extensional e contarem com exemplares universais de cor no seu viés extensional para elucidar a cor. Em relação aos exemplos, eles devem estar alicerçados em padrões sintáticos curtos e frases de construções simples, além de contarem com exemplares prototípicos culturalmente situados das categorias de cor. Em complementação a isto, as cores simples devem contar com o mecanismo de substituição ostensiva, localizado nos textos externos do dicionário, que traga uma gravura da cor definida. A gravura oferecida pelo dicionário deve corresponder à elucidação de uma categoria inteira de cor, em conformidade com os postulados da Semântica Cognitiva sobre categorias prototípicas. Em relação às cores complexas, a Teoria da Mesclagem Conceitual aponta que este tipo de cor não necessita de uma definição, uma vez que seu significado é construído através da decodificação do próprio vocábulo. A proposta oferecida para as cores complexas é que o dicionário faça uma remissão para a cor simples da qual a cor complexa deriva e localize, dentro da categoria de cor simples, a zona correspondente à cor complexa. O desenvolvimento do presente estudo levou à conclusão de que o planejamento e reestruturação dos três segmentos informativos aqui elencados (paráfrase explanatória, exemplos e elementos iconográficos) permite a elaboração de definições mais satisfatórias para vocábulos de cores em dicionários semasiológicos.Color definitions in Portuguese semasiological dictionaries are subject to much criticism. The analysis of color entries in AuE (2004), HouE (2001), MiE (2001), and AnMS (1813) revealed that none of these dictionaries have satisfactory entries when it comes to elucidating the meaning of colors. Moreover, it was observed that color definitions are quite similar when 21th century dictionaries and a 19th century dictionary are contrasted. Finding the same problems in color definitions of current and old dictionaries may indicate a gap in lexicographic studies concerning colors. This thesis aims to discuss and fill this gap. To do so, we tried to relate problems found in color entries to lexicographical theories, in order to explain these problems and, if possible, to solve them. This first analysis led us to conclude that color entries should be restructured. So it was necessary to set parameters, which could establish necessary informative segments to a color entry, and then restructure them. The restructured informative segments were explanatory paraphrases and examples. The restructuring was based on tenets of Cognitive Semantics. The Prototypical Theory and beliefs in Embodiment and Experientialism were very useful to the discussion about the chromatic phenomenon in lexicographical fields. From relating lexicographical theories to Cognitive Semantics, we concluded that simple color paraphrases should be explanatory, analytical paraphrases based on the metalanguage of the extensional sign, and they should rely on universal models of colors in their extensional part. Examples must be founded on short syntactic patterns and sentences with simple construction, relying on culturally situated, prototypical models of color categories. Besides this, simple colors must rely on ostensive replacement, situated in additional sections of the dictionary, which offer a picture of the related color. The picture has to represent/illustrate the entire category of that color, in accordance with the tenets of Cognitive Semantics about prototypical categories. Regarding complex colors, Conceptual Blending Theory shows that this kind of color does not require a definition, once its meaning is constructed by the decoding of the word itself. Our proposal concerning the lexicographical treatment of complex colors is to indicate them within the picture of simple colors. This study led us to conclude that, if one plans and restructures the three informative segments showed here (explanatory paraphrases, examples, and pictures), it is possible to provide more complete definitions of color words in semasiological dictionaries.
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Brangel, Larissa Moreira. "Proposta teórico-metodológica para a geração de paráfrases explanatórias em dicionários voltados para crinaças : uma abordagem cognitiva." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/134328.
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A inclusão dos dicionários escolares de língua portuguesa no Programa Nacional do Livro didático, no início dos anos 2000, alavancou consideravelmente o interesse por este tipo de obra no Brasil, tanto por parte de estudiosos da linguagem, como por parte de editoras e órgãos governamentais. No entanto, ainda que o aumento na demanda tenha impulsionado a produção dicionarística do mercado editorial brasileiro, pouco se tem refletido sobre como compilar dicionários voltados ao público escolar à luz de parâmetros teóricos e metodológicos. Como resultado, verifica-se a proliferação de obras elaboradas sob critérios demasiadamente impressionistas e que pouco atendem aos anseios de seus potenciais consulentes. Com o objetivo de preencher uma das tantas lacunas da pesquisa lexicográfica brasileira, a presente tese doutoral elabora uma metodologia que, fundamentada nos princípios da semântica cognitiva, almeja auxiliar a geração de paráfrases explanatórias voltadas a alunos do segundo ciclo do ensino fundamental. Para tanto, foi necessário reavaliar a atual proposta do PNLD Dicionários, com especial atenção ao primeiro e ao segundo ciclo do ensino fundamental, e reformular a classificação das obras lexicográficas escolares deste período. A partir desta reformulação, propôs-se a elaboração de um dicionário intermediário, voltado para o segundo ciclo do ensino fundamental, e especificaram-se as características essenciais da obra (enquadramento taxonômico, perfil do usuário e função). Fixadas estas informações, passou-se ao desenvolvimento da metodologia propriamente dita, cuja aplicação se restringiu ao grupo dos substantivos. A elaboração da metodologia pressupôs (a) o enquadramento das paráfrases em uma taxonomia de paráfrases explanatórias, (b) a formulação de padrões sintáticos tendo em vista as especificidades do tipo de substantivo a ser definido, e (c) a aplicação de princípios da semântica cognitiva na seleção das informações vinculadas pela paráfrase. Os resultados obtidos permitiram a elaboração de paráfrases ad hoc orientadas teórica e metodologicamente ao público ao qual se destinam. Ao final da tese, avaliou-se o nível de inteligibilidade das paráfrases por intermédio de uma ferramenta de processamento da linguagem natural. Os resultados da análise sugerem que, de maneira geral, as paráfrases elaboradas estão em consonância com a capacidade de interpretação de alunos do segundo ciclo do ensino fundamental, cumprindo, assim, os objetivos da tese e propiciando um avanço à lexicografia pedagógica brasileira.The inclusion of school dictionaries in Programa Nacional do Livro Didático [Brazilian textbook national programme], in the early 2000s, has dramatically increased the interest of language experts as well as publishing companies and government entities in this kind of reference work. However, although the increase in demand has expanded dictionary production among Brazilian publishing houses, there has been very little thought on how to compile school dictionaries taking into account theoretical and methodological parameters. As a result, there is a proliferation of school dictionaries produced based on impressionistic criteria and which do not really help their potential users. To fulfill one of the many gaps of the Brazilian lexicographical research, this PhD dissertation proposes a methodology which, based on cognitive semantics principles, will contribute to the writing of lexicographical definitions for children aged 9 and 10. Therefore, the current lexicographical proposal by the Brazilian textbook national programme had to be re-evaluated and reformulated, with special attention to the first five years of primary school. After that, it was suggested an intermediate dictionary, which would be suitable for the 4th and 5th years of primary school, and the main features of this specific dictionary (taxonomic classification, user profile and function) were established. Bearing in mind all those items, the methodology itself could be developed, with its application restricted to the noun class, only. The methodology combined (a) the classification of the definitions into a taxonomy of lexicographical definitions, (b) the formulation of distinct syntactic patterns according to the different kinds of nouns, and (c) the use of cognitive semantic principles to select the information offered by the definition. The results allowed the creation of ad hoc definitions sustained by a theoretical and methodological framework which takes into account the target audience of the definition. At the end of the dissertation, the readability level of the definitions was evaluated using a natural language processing tool. The analysis results suggest that, in general, the definitions created using the methodology are in consonance with the interpretative capacity of students in the 4th and 5th years of primary school, hence reaching the dissertation goals and providing the Brazilian pedagogical lexicography with major improvements.
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Galdiano, Isabela [UNESP]. "Proposta de um dicionário da cardiopatia congênita." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/138016.
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O presente trabalho tem como objetivo a investigação do léxico específico da cardiopatia congênita, subárea da Cardiologia, com vistas à elaboração de um dicionário de cardiopatia congênita direcionado para o público leigo (não especialista), o qual contém como entradas unidades lexicais especializadas (ULEs) em língua portuguesa, e que apresenta definições redigidas especificamente para esses usuários. Com o propósito de confeccionar tal dicionário, foi elaborado um corpus formado por textos em português (variante brasileira) da área da cardiopatia congênita, extraídos de sites da Web, capítulos de livros, teses e dissertações, monografias, trabalhos de conclusão de curso, artigos acadêmicos e de divulgação científica, notícias e resumos de artigos científicos e eventos. Para processar e analisar o corpus, foi utilizada a ferramenta WordSmith Tools, amplamente empregada em pesquisas do gênero. A análise da definição lexicográfica e terminográfica, conforme descritas na bibliografia de estudos da área, foi o embasamento para atender aos propósitos do dicionário, partindo da hipótese de que é possível elaborar, mesmo num âmbito especializado, definições de ULEs apropriadas para um leitor não especialista. Com foco na busca de estratégias e de modelos de definição, e com base na revisão bibliográfica realizada, foram eleitas as estratégias mais apropriadas para a redação de nossas definições. O produto lexicográfico conta com 70 verbetes, cada um com uma definição simplificada, exemplo de uso, sinônimos (se encontrados) e remissivas (se necessário).
The aim of the present work is to investigate the lexical items of the area of Congenital Cardiopathy, a subarea of Cardiology, in order to compile a dictionary of Congenital Cardiopathy targeted especially at lay people (non-specialists), containing entries with specialised lexical units (SLUs) in Portuguese, and definitions specifically written for that kind of user. In order to develop the dictionary, a corpus was compiled with texts in Portuguese (Brazilian variety) about congenital cardiopathy extracted from websites, book chapters, theses, monographs, final year dissertations, academic papers, popular science magazines, newspaper articles and abstracts from academic papers and presentations. The software WordSmith Tools, broadly used in similar researches, was adopted to process and analyze the corpus. A study was conducted on lexicographic and terminological definitions as described in Lexicography and Terminology bibliography, looking for a basis to support the dictionary’s purposes, and with the hypothesis that it is possible to develop, even within a specialized field and lexicon, definitions of specialized lexical units appropriate for non-specialized readers. Focusing on search strategies and models of definition, a bibliographic review was conducted, from which the most appropriate strategies for writing our definitions were chosen. The dictionary has 70 entries, each of them with a simplified definition, an example sentence, synonyms (if found) and cross references (if necessary).
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Mabrak, Sami. "La macrostructure et la microstructure des dictionnaires historiques : etude analytique et comparative de la macrostructure et de la microstructure des dictionnaires historiques français, anglais et arabe." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2089.
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Notre thèse relève du domaine de la lexicographie et plus précisément de la lexicographie contemporaine. Notre étude analyse les dictionnaires historiques comme objet de recherche. Quant à notre problématique de recherche, elle porte sur la constitution de la macrostructure et sur l’élaboration de la microstructure des dictionnaires historiques que sont le Dictionnaire Historique de la Langue Française (le RH), le Dictionnaire Historique de la Langue Anglaise (l’OED) et le Dictionnaire Historique de la Langue Arabe (le DHLA). Les deux premiers dictionnaires historiques sont déjà publiés, alors que le dernier est en cours de compilation.Notre étude comporte deux objectifs principaux. Tout d’abord, elle analyse les éléments de divergence et les éléments de convergence entre la macrostructure et la microstructure des deux dictionnaires historiques, que sont le RH et l’OED. Ensuite, elle examine ces éléments et détermine ceux qui sont applicables dans la constitution de la macrostructure et l’élaboration de la microstructure du DHLA. Pour ce faire, nous avons opté pour l’analyse d’un corpus issu principalement des dictionnaires - le RH et l’OED. Nous avons fait appel également à un corpus secondaire constitué à partir des dictionnaires français, anglais et arabe de langue générale.Notre étude a permis de confirmer que les trois dictionnaires historiques adoptent trois approches différentes dans la constitution de leur macrostructure. Le RH adopte une approche étymologique. Quant à l’OED, il utilise une approche lexicale. Enfin, le DHLA a opté pour une approche complexe. En revanche, ces trois approches sont mises en œuvre en appliquant trois critères, à savoir, tout d‘abord un critère diachronique, puis un critère orthographique et enfin un critère étymologique. En outre, notre étude a permis de confirmer également que la mise en ordre des entrées principales impacte directement la mise en ordre des entrées secondaires.Quant à la microstructure, les trois dictionnaires élaborent la définition de leurs entrées en adoptant relativement le même modèle. En dernière instance, il s’agit d’un modèle construit à partir de trois types d’informations : des informations d’ordre morphologique, des informations d’ordre sémantique et enfin des informations contextuellesOur thesis is part of the field of lexicography and more precisely of contemporary lexicography. Our study analyses historical dictionaries as a research object. As for the subject of the thesis, it concerns the constitution of the macrostructure and the development of the microstructure for historical dictionaries, which are: the French Historical Dictionary (RH), the English Historical Dictionary (OED) and the Arabic Historical Dictionary (DHLA). The first two are alread published while the third is in progress.Our study has two main goals. First of all it analyses the divergent and convergent elements between macrostructure and microstructure of both RH and OED historical dictionaries. Then it examines these elements and determines those which are applicable in the constitution of macrostructure and the development of DHLA microstructure. To do this, we have chosen the analysis of a corpus mainly from RH and OED dictionaries. We have also appealed to a secondary corpus constituted from general language dictionaries.Our study has affirmed that the three historical dictionaries adopt three different approaches to constitute their macrostructure: etymological for the RH and lexical for the OED, while the DHLA has opted for a complex approach. However these three approaches are implemented by applying three criteria namely, diachronic criterion, orthographical criterion, and etymological criterion. Our study also confirmed that putting main entrances in order directly impacts on the secondary entrances order.As for the microstructure, the three dictionaries elaborate the definition of their entrances by adopting a relatively similar model, built upon three types of information: morphological information, semantic information and contextual information
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Lefrançois, Maxime. "Représentation des connaissances sémantiques lexicales de la Théorie Sens-Texte : conceptualisation, représentation, et opérationnalisation des définitions lexicographiques." Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01071945.
Full textAbstract:
Nous présentons une recherche en ingénierie des connaissances appliquée aux prédicats linguistiques et aux définitions lexicographiques de la théorie Sens-Texte (TST). Notre méthodologie comporte trois étapes. 1. Nous montrons en quoi la conceptualisation de la TST devrait être étendue pour faciliter sa formalisation. Nous justifions la nécessité de définir un niveau sémantique profond (SemP) à base de graphes. Nous y définissons la notion de type d'unité sémantique profonde et sa structure actancielle, de sorte que leur organisation hiérarchique puisse correspondre à une hiérarchie de sens au sein de laquelle ces structures actancielles sont héritées et spécialisées. Nous reconceptualisons les définitions lexicographiques au niveau SemP, et au niveau du dictionnaire. Finalement, nous présentons un prototype d'éditeur de définitions basé sur la manipulation directe de graphes. 2. Nous proposons un formalisme de représentation des connaissances adapté à cette conceptualisation. Nous démontrons que les logiques de description et le formalisme des Graphes Conceptuels ne sont pas adaptés, et nous construisons alors un nouveau formalisme, dit des Graphes d'Unités. 3. Nous étudions l'opérationnalisation du formalisme des Graphes d'Unités. Nous lui associons une sémantique formelle basée sur la théorie des modèles et l'algèbre relationnelle, et montrons que les conditions de décidabilité du raisonnement logique correspondent aux intuitions des lexicographes. Nous proposons également une implémentation du formalisme avec les standards du web sémantique, ce qui permet de profiter des architectures existantes pour l'interopérationnalisation sur le web des données lexicales liées.
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El, Cherif Widade. "Vers une classification sémantique fine des noms d’agent en français." 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10222/14343.
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This thesis proposes a fine-grained semantic classification of what is traditionally named agent nouns in French; it is thus a study of semantic derivation. Our classification was elaborated starting from 1573 agent nouns extracted from the dictionary Le Nouveau Petit Robert. The definitions of several agent nouns in Le Nouveau Petit Robert represent paraphrastic reformulations that are sufficiently close, which allows us to distribute these nouns into semantically more specific subclasses. We have identified 22 subclasses of agent nouns; these subclasses, along with the corresponding lexical units, were described by means of the formalism of lexical functions proposed by Meaning Text theory. We also elaborated definition templates for lexical units of each subclass as well as generalized government patterns (? subcategorization frames) for them. The interest of our work lies in the fact that the suggested classification allows for a more uniform and a more coherent global description of agent nouns.Le présent travail porte sur une classification sémantique détaillée de ce qu’on appelle traditionnellement les noms d’agent [= S1] en français. Notre classification a été élaborée à partir de 1573 noms d’agent extraits du Nouveau Petit Robert. Les définitions de plusieurs noms d’agent dans le Nouveau Petit Robert représentent des reformulations paraphrastiques suffisamment proches, ce qui permet de repartir ces noms en sous-ensembles sémantiquement plus spécifiques. Nous avons identifié 22 sous-classes de noms d’agent ; ces classes et les lexies correspondantes ont été décrites au moyen du formalisme des fonctions lexicales proposé par la théorie linguistique Sens Texte. Nous avons également élaboré des définitions lexicographiques généralisées pour les lexies de chaque sous-classe, ainsi que leurs schémas de régime (? cadres de sous-catégorisations) généralisés. L’intérêt de notre travail réside dans le fait que la classification proposée mène vers une description globale plus uniforme et plus cohérente des noms d’agent.
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Chambumba, Venâncio Domingos Sicana. "Terminologia da lexicologia e áreas afins no contexto de ensino angolano: proposta de dicionário terminológico." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/18871.
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Tendo como problemática a insuficiência de termos e a inadequação de definições de conceitos das áreas da Lexicologia, Morfologia Lexical, Semântica Lexical e Lexicografia nos programas e manuais dos subsistemas de ensino do 2.º Ciclo do Ensino Secundário Geral e da Formação de Professores do 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Secundário em Angola, propusemo-nos desenvolver, na presente dissertação, uma metodologia com o intuito de apresentarmos, de forma estruturada, uma terminologia dessas áreas, a partir dos programas e manuais escolares de Língua Portuguesa.
Assim, por meio do levantamento dos termos existentes nos documentos atrás referidos, sugerimos, de acordo com a nossa experiência no ensino, bem como através de documentos utilizados na realidade portuguesa, a entrada de novos termos para permitir ao professor de Português enriquecer o seu conhecimento, ao ponto de se reflectir na sua actividade docente. Após termos inserido novos termos, e uma vez que estes designam conceitos, agrupámos os conceitos em campos conceptuais, procedemos à organização de alguns dos conceitos em sistema conceptual. A título exemplificativo, reformulámos o conceito de sigla, em função de critérios para a redacção de uma definição em Terminologia. Por fim, propusemos um modelo de dicionário terminológico das áreas em estudo, de modo a contribuir para a evolução científica do professor de Português e da Escola.Starting from the realization of the insufficiency of terms and the inadequacy of the definitions of concepts in the fields of Lexicology, Lexical Morphology, Lexical Semantics, and Lexicography in the syllabuses and textbooks of the education subsystems of the 2nd Stage of the General Secondary Education and the Teacher Training Courses for the 1st Stage of the Secondary Education in Angola, in this dissertation we have endeavoured to develop a methodology aimed at presenting a structured view of the terminology used in these fields most particularly in the syllabuses and textbooks employed in the Portuguese Language classes. Therefore, by retrieving the existing terms from the aforementioned documents and profiting from our own teaching experience, as well as by analysing similar documents used in the Portuguese context, we have argued for the introduction of new terms that will allow Portuguese Language teachers to further develop their knowledge and thus improve their teaching experience. After introducing the new terms and since these designate concepts, we have grouped concepts into conceptual categories and we have organized some concepts into a conceptual system. For example, we have reformulated the concept of initialism taking into consideration certain criteria we have to meet when writing a definition in Terminology. Finally, we have proposed a model for a terminological dictionary in the studied areas in order to contribute to the scientific improvement of both the teachers of Portuguese and School itself.
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Samson-Fauteux, Mélissa. "Représentations du sens lexical en lexicologie explicative et combinatoire : étude de trois formalisations spécifiques." Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4554.
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Cette étude porte sur les différentes formalisations du sens linguistique dans le cadre de la théorie Sens-Texte (TST) ; elle s’intéresse notamment à la représentation sémantique, la représentation la plus importante dans la modélisation du sens d’énoncés et d’unités lexicales de la langue. Cette étude a trois objectifs : premièrement, décrire trois formalisations de la représentation sémantique existant dans la TST – les réseaux sémantiques, les définitions lexicographiques et les définitions de la BDéf (des définitions très formalisées) ; deuxièmement, identifier les disparités et les décalages entre les formalisations choisies ; troisièmement, proposer des modifications aux formalisations existantes pour réduire au maximum ces disparités.This study explores the different formalisations of linguistic meaning as encountered in the Meaning-Text Theory (MST) framework. Its main interest is semantic representation, which is the most important representation in the modeling of the meaning of utterances and lexical units. This study has three objectives: first, describing three existing formalisations of semantic representation in the MST – semantic networks, lexicographical definitions, and BDéf definitions (definitions that are extremely formalized); second, identifying the discrepancies between these formalisations; finally, proposing modifications to these formalisations in order to reduce the disparities as much as possible.
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Μάντζαρη, Ελένη. "Μονόγλωσσα ελληνικά παιδαγωγικά λεξικά : ζητήματα σχεδιασμού και διδακτικής αξιοποίησης." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10889/5027.
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Η διατριβή επικεντρώνεται στη συζήτηση ζητημάτων σχεδιασμού και διδακτικής αξιοποίησης που αφορούν τους λεξικογραφικούς ορισμούς στα μονόγλωσσα ελληνικά παιδαγωγικά λεξικά. Κύριος σκοπός της είναι η διερεύνηση της αποτελεσματικότητας διαφορετικών λεξικογραφικών προσεγγίσεων στη διατύπωση των ορισμών από την πλευρά του χρήστη. Με βάση το θέμα της και τη μεθοδολογική της προσέγγιση εντάσσεται στο επίκαιρο και αναπτυσσόμενο πεδίο της λεξικογραφίας που αφορά τη χρήση του λεξικού. Η πρωτοτυπία της έγκειται στο ότι διερευνά ζητήματα σχετικά με τη χρήση του λεξικού από μια ηλικιακή ομάδα που ελάχιστα μέχρι σήμερα έχει αποτελέσει ομάδα-στόχο πειραματικών ερευνών στη διεθνή λεξικογραφική βιβλιογραφία, πολύ λιγότερο δε στην ελληνική γλώσσα, για την οποία οι ελάχιστες ερευνητικές μελέτες σε αυτό το πεδίο βασίζονται σε ερωτηματολόγια και όχι σε πειραματικά δεδομένα.
Στο θεωρητικό σκέλος, παρουσιάζονται παραδοσιακές τεχνικές (αναλυτικοί ορισμοί, ορισμοί με συνώνυμα και μορφολογικοί ορισμοί) και σύγχρονες τεχνικές (ορισμοί με πλήρη πρόταση) που κρίθηκε ότι επηρεάζουν το περιεχόμενο και τη μορφή των ορισμών, και τελικά το βαθμό κατανόησής τους από τους τελικούς αναγνώστες.
Στο εμπειρικό σκέλος, παρουσιάζεται η πειραματική έρευνα στην οποία συμμετέχουν 351 μαθητές των δύο τελευταίων τάξεων του δημοτικού. Στόχος της έρευνας είναι να αξιολογήσει την αποτελεσματικότητα παραδοσιακών και των πιο σύγχρονων προσεγγίσεων στη διατύπωση των λεξικογραφικών ορισμών, με βάση την επίδοση των μαθητών σε δύο τεστ (παραγωγή προτάσεων και κατανόηση σημασίας).
Το ποσοστό των σωστών απαντήσεων για τους μαθητές που συμβουλεύτηκαν τους προτασιακούς ορισμούς ανέρχεται στο 72,4%, ενώ τα ποσοστά των σωστών απαντήσεων των μαθητών που συμβουλεύτηκαν τους παραδοσιακούς ορισμούς με δυσκολότερο και απλούστερο λεξιλόγιο ανήλθαν στο 22,9% και 26,6% αντίστοιχα. Ειδικότερα, παρατηρήθηκε ότι οι προτασιακοί ορισμοί βοήθησαν στην αποτελεσματικότερη κατανόηση της σημασίας μιας λέξης αλλά και στην ενεργοποίηση παραγωγικών μηχανισμών σύνδεσης της περιγραφόμενης σημασίας με τις πραγματολογικές καταστάσεις στις οποίες αυτή συνήθως χρησιμοποιείται. Η δήλωση των συμφραστικών επιλογών και των σημασιολογικών προτιμήσεων μιας λέξης μέσα στο κείμενο του ορισμού, σε ρέοντα φυσικό λόγο, βοηθά την ορθή χρήση και την ορθή αναγνώριση της σημασίας των λέξεων, ενώ ειδικότερα στην παραγωγή προτάσεων ενεργοποιεί συνδέσεις μεταξύ συστηματικών σημασιολογικών σχέσεων μέσω λογικών συναγωγών, που βοηθούν τους μαθητές να χρησιμοποιούν παραγωγικότερα τις λέξεις στα δικά τους κείμενα. Η δήλωση της συντακτικής συμπεριφοράς μέσα στο κείμενο του ορισμού βοηθά τους μαθητές να αναπαραγάγουν σε ικανοποιητικό βαθμό τη συντακτική δομή των λέξεων κατά τη δημιουργία δικών τους προτάσεων.
Τέλος, με βάση και τα αποτελέσματα της έρευνας, διατυπώνονται προτάσεις και δραστηριότητες για την εκπαίδευση των μαθητών στην αποτελεσματικότερη χρήση και αξιοποίηση των λεξικογραφικών ορισμών.In the present thesis, we discuss issues concerning the design of Greek pedagogical dictionaries and the teaching of dictionary use. More specifically, emphasis is given on issues concerning the design of definitions in these dictionaries as well as students’s training for more effective use of dictionary definitions. We discuss traditional and contemporary defining approaches and we conduct an experimental research in order to investigate the effectiveness of these approaches, as they are represented by three Greek pedagogical dictionaries. The research aims at revealing which defining approach contributes more effectively in the comprehension and production of word’s meaning by students of senior primary school. In the Part I, we present the contemporary framework of pedagogical lexicography and we discuss the need for research on dictionary use. In order to better illustrate the contemporary scene of pedagogical lexicography, we present the component parts of dictionaries, as well as the structure of the lexicographic entry in the monolingual pedagogical dictionaries, and we summarise how computer has influenced the form and the content of the contemporary dictionary. In the Part II, we summarise the different views in the relevant bibliography regarding the term “definition”, and we also present traditional and contemporary defining techniques that seem to influence the content and the form of definitions, and accordingly their accessibility by the dictionary users. In the framework of traditional techniques, we examine the conventional dictionary definition, which, as regards its content, focuses in the description of the essential characteristics of the word meaning and, as regards its form is characterised by elliptical phrases, the use of synonyms and derivatives, certain formulaic defining components, and normally difficult vocabulary. As an alternative to the traditional defining approach, we examine the example of full-sentence definitions, which instead of elliptical phrases they make use of the full sentence scheme, in order to explain not only the meaning of words but also the most typical instances of the words’s use. In the Part III, we make a review of the methodological considerations on the research of dictionary use, illustrating thus the general framework according to which our own research is viewed. Next, we discuss issues concerning teaching of the so-called reference skills of the dictionary users, aiming at a most effective use of the dictionary in general and in a more effective grasp and exploitation of the dictionary definitions in particular. The Part IV presents the experimental research with 351 Greek native speakers, students of senior primary school. The aim of the research is to evaluate the effectiveness of the traditional and the more contemporary defining approaches that was analysed in the theoretical part of the study, measuring students’s performance in two tasks. The subjects that took part in the experiment were accidentally separated in three different teams; the first team consulted traditional definitions without vocabulary restrictions, the second team consulted traditional definitions with easier vocabulary, and the third team consulted full-sentence definitions. In the first task, students were asked to produce their own sentences, after they have read the relevant definitions for six (6) words, and in the latter task they were asked to identify the right meaning of nine (9) words in multiple choice exercises. At the end of this part we summarise the conclusions of the experiment. In both production and identification tasks, the full-sentence definitions yielded 72,4% correct answers, while the traditional definitions with difficult and less difficult vocabulary yielded 22,9% and 26,6% respectively. More specifically, it was observed that the full-sentence definitions, focusing on the description of prototypical characteristics, were proved more effective in helping students understand word meaning and also more effective in activating productive mechanisms towards linking of the described meaning to its typical instances of use. Inclusion of semantic preferences and syntactic structure of a word in its definition helped students to use the described word more effectively in their own sentences. Moreover, the definition’s simple vocabulary and simple structure made meaning of a word more accessible. Finally, the use of a full-sentence instead of an elliptical phrase directs the attention of students to the whole phrasing of the definition, thus helping them avoid basing interpretation of the word’s meaning in one word or one phrase of the definition, a behaviour that was proved to be triggered by the traditional definitions. In the Part V, taking in account the experiment’s results, we present classroom activities for training students towards more effective consulting and use of dictionary definitions.
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Wang, Suowing. "Lexicultura na Língua Chinesa e na Lexicografia Bilingue de Chinês-Português." Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/17164.
Full textAbstract:
No contexto de internacionalização de hoje, acompanhando os contactos cada vez
mais intensos entre o mundo chinês e o mundo lusófono, é exigida a maior atenção à
questão da lexicultura na comunicação interlingual e intercultural, pois o que preocupa as
partes envolvidas não é apenas descodificar os signos meramente linguísticos, mas
também perceber a cultura que a língua, nomeadamente as unidades lexicais transportam,
visando um comportamento culturalmente correto e adequado nessa comunicação.
Partindo desta preocupação, este trabalho tenta, através da abordagem e análise
da língua, da escrita e do léxico chineses, comprovar que o chinês, devido às suas
peculiaridades inexistentes em outras línguas do mundo, constitui o vivo exemplo que
exemplifica e alarga o conceito de lexicultura, pois a própria língua, sobretudo a sua
escrita e as suas unidades lexicais, além de refletirem a cultura popular e partilhada,
também contam verdadeiras histórias da Humanidade e da China.
Baseando-se nesta abordagem e análise, a tese apresenta um novo modelo de
dicionário cultural chinês-português, com propostas concretas de seleção de vedetas para
a sua macroestrutura e de definição de vedetas na sua microestrutura, ao serviço da
comunicação entre os dois mundos em questão.In today's context of internationalization, accompanying the increasingly intense contacts between the Chinese world and the Portuguese-speaking world, the greatest attention is required to the issue of lexiculture in interlingual and intercultural communication, for what concerns the parties involved is not only to decode merely linguistic signs, but also understand the culture that the language, namely the lexical units, carry, aiming at a culturally correct and appropriate behaviour in that communication. Based on this concern, this paper attempts, through the approach and analysis of the Chinese language, writing and lexicon, to prove that the Chinese, due to its peculiarities non-existent in other languages in the world, is the living example that exemplifies and extends the concept of lexiculture, because the language itself, its writing and its lexical units, besides reflecting popular culture and shared culture, also feature true stories of humanity and China. Based on this approach and analysis, this paper presents a new model of Chinese- Portuguese cultural dictionary, with concrete proposals of entries selection for its macrostructure and entries definition in its microstructure at the service of communication between the two worlds in question.
Books on the topic "Lexicographic definition"
1
Defining language: A local grammar of definition sentences. Amsterdam: J. Benjamins Pub., 2002.
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Barnbrook, Geoff. Defining language: A local grammar of definition sentences. Amsterdam: Benjamins, 2003.
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Scotland in definition: A history of Scottish dictionaries. Edinburgh: John Donald, 2012.
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Sobkowiak, Włodzimierz. Phonetics of EFL dictionary definitions. Poznań: Wydawn. Poznańskie, 2006.
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Definitions: Implications for syntax, semantics, and the language of thought. New York: Garland Pub., 1998.
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Die Definition ist blöd!: Herübersetzen mit dem einsprachigen Wörterbuch : das französische und englische Lernerwörterbuch in der Hand der deutschen Schüler. Tübingen: M. Niemeyer, 1990.
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Sager, Juan C. Essays on Definition (Terminology & Lexicography Research & Practice). John Benjamins Publishing Co, 2000.
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Essays on Definition (Terminology and Lexicography Research and Practice). John Benjamins Publishing Co, 2000.
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Hutton, Christopher, and Roy Harris. Definition in Theory and Practice: Language, Lexicography and the Law. Continuum International Publishing Group, 2007.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Lexicographic definition"
1
Rey, Alain. "Definitional semantics." In Meaning and Lexicography, 43. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/llsee.28.08rey.
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Geeraerts, Dirk. "2.2 Meaning and definition." In A Practical Guide to Lexicography, 83–93. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tlrp.6.11gee.
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Ilson, Robert F. "Towards a Taxonomy of Dictionary Definitions." In A Spectrum of Lexicography, 61. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/z.28.06ils.
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Wang, Xinglong. "On the Core Elements in Sememic Description from the Perspective of Lexicographical Definition." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 603–11. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36337-5_61.
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"Lexicographic Definition." In An Advanced Introduction to Semantics, 117–40. Cambridge University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108674553.006.
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"Die lexikographische Definition im allgemeinen einsprachigen Wörterbuch The Lexicographic Definition in the General Monolingual Dictionary La définition lexicographique dans le dictionnaire monolingue." In Wörterbücher / Dictionaries / Dictionnaires, Part 1, edited by Franz Josef Hausmann, Oskar Reichmann, Herbert Ernst Wiegand, and Ladislav Zgusta. Berlin • New York: Walter de Gruyter, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110095852.1.4.530.
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"Beyond definition." In Lexicography, 111–26. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203467282-14.
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Novikova, Olga. "CAT AND DOG CONCEPTS AS COMPONENTS OF THE ENGLISH WORLDVIEW." In Factors of cross- and intercultural communication in the higher educational process of Ukraine. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-051-3-5.
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The subject of the study is the linguistic objectification of the concepts of CAT and DOG in lexicographic sources, due to the national culture and mentality of English speakers (The British). The paper aims at identifying the objectification features of CAT and DOG concepts in the British linguoculture. The significance of CAT and DOG concepts is motivated by the degree of verbal explication and their value in English culture. In our work, the reconstruction of English world view fragments, marked by CAT and DOG concepts, was carried out on the material of lexical units. The purpose and problem is due to the use of the following methods: general scientific (abstraction, generalization, formalization, induction, deduction), empirical-theoretical (analysis, synthesis) and special (lexical-semantic analysis – to clarify the semantic potential of the concept name; dictionary definition method – to clarify the semantics of possible verbalizers of the concept, determine its name and description of the conceptual component; elements of etymological analysis – to explain the content of the concept verbalizer. Verbal nominations, representing CAT and DOG concepts, are interpreted as fixators of knowledge about objects, explicitly expressed in language. CAT and DOG concepts have a concrete-subject character, they correlate with the objective reality – a discrete, objectively available material object of reality. As a result of the definitive analysis and based on the definition of the nominative token cat and dog, we distinguished 12 generalized meanings that form the denotation CAT concept and 14 generalized meanings that produce the denotation of DOG concept. The conceptual basis of CAT and DOG concepts is expanded with the help of additional semantic features, taking into account the cognitive-semantic analysis of synonymous equivalents of the nouns cat and dog.
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Blades, Andrew, and Piers Pennington. "Introduction." In Poetry & the Dictionary, 3–25. Liverpool University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781789620566.003.0001.
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This opening chapter provides an overview of the volume as a whole, while establishing the theme of poetry and the dictionary. It begins with an expansive consideration of questions of definition, then explores some of the ways in which the practice of lexicography has adapted to the internet age, before outlining the development of dictionaries of English (in both Great Britain and the USA) and touching upon a number of suggestive points of contact with poetry. After a discussion of the work of Les Murray and Vahni Capildeo – the former having been a contributor to the Maquarie Dictionary, the latter a lexicographer on the OED – the chapter concludes by introducing the essays that follow.
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"Lexikographische Definition und Frame-Theorie im allgemeinen einsprachigen Wörterbuch The Lexicographic Definition and the Frame-Theory in the General Monolingual Dictionary Définition lexicographique et théorie des cadres sémantiques dans le dictionnaire monolingue." In Wörterbücher / Dictionaries / Dictionnaires, Part 1, edited by Franz Josef Hausmann, Oskar Reichmann, Herbert Ernst Wiegand, and Ladislav Zgusta. Berlin • New York: Walter de Gruyter, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110095852.1.5.893.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Lexicographic definition"
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Milosavljević, Miroslav, Isidora Milošević, and Jelena Milosavljevic. "TERMINOLOŠKO I POJMOVNO ODREĐENjE BANKE KAO SUBJEKTA USLUŽNOG PRAVA." In XVII majsko savetovanje. Pravni fakultet Univerziteta u Kragujvcu, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/uvp21.243m.
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In order to determine the essence of the bank, as an economic entity, the authors first determined its definition, both terminologically and conceptually. Furthermore, the theoretical and lexicographic definition of the bank is analyzed, as well as the definitions given in the positive law of the Republic of Serbia and in comparative law, primarily in the states that emerged from the former republics of SFRY, and then in English and German law, as well as the EU. The authors came to the conclusion that there is a common denominator for all analyzed definitions on the basis of which the terminological and conceptual definition of a bank is precisely determined.
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Pimentel, Alejandro, Gerardo Sierra, and Claudio Molina. "An Improved Automated Definition Extraction Method Based on Lexicographic and Lexico-Semantic Features." In 2016 Fifteenth Mexican International Conference on Artificial Intelligence (MICAI). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/micai-2016.2016.00013.
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Scheepers, Thijs, Evangelos Kanoulas, and Efstratios Gavves. "Improving Word Embedding Compositionality using Lexicographic Definitions." In the 2018 World Wide Web Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3178876.3186007.
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Wilson, Nic, and Anne-Marie George. "Efficient Inference and Computation of Optimal Alternatives for Preference Languages Based On Lexicographic Models." In Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2017/182.
Full textAbstract:
We analyse preference inference, through consistency, for general preference languages based on lexicographic models. We identify a property, which we call strong compositionality, that applies for many natural kinds of preference statement, and that allows a greedy algorithm for determining consistency of a set of preference statements. We also consider different natural definitions of optimality, and their relations to each other, for general preference languages based on lexicographic models. Based on our framework, we show that testing consistency, and thus inference, is polynomial for a specific preference language which allows strict and non-strict statements, comparisons between outcomes and between partial tuples, both ceteris paribus and strong statements, and their combination. Computing different kinds of optimal sets is also shown to be polynomial; this is backed up by our experimental results.