Journal articles: 'Lexical functional grammar'

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Napoli, Donna Jo, and George M. Horn. "Lexical-Functional Grammar." Language 61, no. 1 (March 1985): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/413425.

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Wedekind, Jürgen, and Ronald M. Kaplan. "Tractable Lexical-Functional Grammar." Computational Linguistics 46, no. 3 (November 2020): 515–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/coli_a_00384.

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The formalism for Lexical-Functional Grammar (LFG) was introduced in the 1980s as one of the first constraint-based grammatical formalisms for natural language. It has led to substantial contributions to the linguistic literature and to the construction of large-scale descriptions of particular languages. Investigations of its mathematical properties have shown that, without further restrictions, the recognition, emptiness, and generation problems are undecidable, and that they are intractable in the worst case even with commonly applied restrictions. However, grammars of real languages appear not to invoke the full expressive power of the formalism, as indicated by the fact that algorithms and implementations for recognition and generation have been developed that run—even for broad-coverage grammars—in typically polynomial time. This article formalizes some restrictions on the notation and its interpretation that are compatible with conventions and principles that have been implicit or informally stated in linguistic theory. We show that LFG grammars that respect these restrictions, while still suitable for the description of natural languages, are equivalent to linear context-free rewriting systems and allow for tractable computation.

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Börjars, Kersti. "Lexical-Functional Grammar: An Overview." Annual Review of Linguistics 6, no. 1 (January 14, 2020): 155–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-linguistics-062419-125014.

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Lexical-Functional Grammar (LFG) is a model for the analysis of language in which different types of linguistic information are represented in separate dimensions, each with its own formalism. These dimensions are linked by mapping principles. In this article, I describe the architecture of the model and illustrate some dimensions of information and the mapping between them in more detail. I also provide an outline of the analysis of long-distance dependencies and control to illustrate the advantages of this type of model. I briefly mention some further areas where LFG has proven to be a useful tool for analysis and provide references for the reader to follow up.

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Ørsnes, Bjarne. "Formel Sproganalyse med Lexical-Functional Grammar." NyS, Nydanske Sprogstudier 34, no. 34-35 (April 2, 2006): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/nys.v34i34-35.13458.

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Honeyford, Kim, Mary Dalrymple, Ronald M. Kaplan, John T. Maxwell, and Annie Zaenen. "Formal Issues in Lexical-Functional Grammar." Language 74, no. 1 (March 1998): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/417641.

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Forst, Martin. "Computational Aspects of Lexical Functional Grammar." Language and Linguistics Compass 5, no. 1 (January 2011): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-818x.2010.00261.x.

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Keizer, Evelien. "Derivation in Functional Discourse Grammar: Some challenges and implications." Word Structure 11, no. 1 (March 2018): 36–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/word.2018.0115.

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One distinctive feature of Functional Discourse Grammar (FDG) is that it distinguishes two types of derivational processes: Lexical derivation, which takes place in the lexicon, and syntactic derivation, which takes place in the grammar. The aim of this paper is to consider some of the implications of this approach by addressing three major issues: i) on the basis of which criteria do we decide which derivational processes are lexical and which are syntactic, ii) how does the FDG approach deal with recursive processes of derivation, and iii) how do these two derivational processes interact with other types of word formation, such as compounding, conversion and back-formation.

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Keizer, Evelien. "English prepositions in Functional Discourse Grammar." Functions of Language 15, no. 2 (October 1, 2008): 216–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/fol.15.2.03kei.

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Adpositions have always been problematic in terms of analysis and representation: should they be regarded as lexical elements, with an argument structure, or as semantically empty grammatical elements, i.e. as operators or functions? Or could it be that some adpositions are lexical and others grammatical, or even that one and the same adposition can be either, dependent on its use in a particular context? In Functional Grammar (Dik 1997a,b) adpositions are analysed as grammatical elements, represented as functions expressing relations between terms (referring expressions). Various alternative treatments have been proposed within FG, all of which, however, fail to solve all the problems, or address all the relevant questions involved. This article offers an analysis of English prepositions within the model of Functional Discourse Grammar (Hengeveld and Mackenzie 2006, 2008), based on the semantic, syntactic and morphological evidence available and fully exploiting the novel features of this model.

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Reuer, Veit. "Error Recognition and Feedback with Lexical Functional Grammar." CALICO Journal 20, no. 3 (January 14, 2013): 497–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/cj.v20i3.497-512.

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This paper describes the error recognition module of an interactive ICALL system with a special focus on the underlying grammar theory. Using the system, language learners are invited to produce complete written sentences in small question-answer dialogs with the computer. This setting challenges learners to use language interactively in order to enhance the development of communicative competence. Emphasis is put on the possibility of giving adequate feedback to the learner if a syntactically ill formed sentence is encountered. It is argued that the theory of Lexical Functional Grammar (LFG) is well suited to be used in the parsing and error recognition module of the system as well as to provide intelligent feedback to learners. The concepts and structures used in LFG closely resemble the descriptive knowledge of language learners about a language, and, therefore, the results of an automatic analysis can easily be translated from a computationally tractable form to language easily understood by the learner.

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Przepiórkowski, Adam, and Agnieszka Patejuk. "From Lexical Functional Grammar to enhanced Universal Dependencies." Language Resources and Evaluation 54, no. 1 (February 4, 2019): 185–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10579-018-9433-z.

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G�ng�rd�, Zealal, and Kemal Oflazer. "Parsing Turkish using the lexical functional grammar formalism." Machine Translation 10, no. 4 (1995): 293–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00990908.

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Deibel, Isabel. "Adpositions in Media Lengua: Quichua or Spanish? – Evidence of a Lexical-Functional Split." Journal of Language Contact 12, no. 2 (August 14, 2019): 404–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19552629-01202006.

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After decades of debate in linguistic theory, the lexical/functional status of adpositions is still controversial. Lexicon-Grammar mixed languages such as Media Lengua, spoken in Northern Ecuador, are excellent testing cases for such grammatical categories: This mixed language displays a conservative Quichua morphosyntactic frame while approximately 90% of its lexical roots are relexified from Spanish. Thus, due to the lexical-functional split Media Lengua displays, whether adpositions in this language are realized in Quichua or Spanish can speak to their status as a lexical/functional category. This study reports data from recent field research, conducted with speakers trilingual in Media Lengua, Quichua and Spanish who participated in two tasks (video description and translation). The results show a split between lexical and functional adpositions in Media Lengua, manifested in the dual-language realization of complex (multimorphemic) items: The lexical part of these complex items is relexified from Spanish while the functional part is retained in Quichua – even when participants are structurally primed. This suggests that Media Lengua across communities systematically follows Quichua morphosyntactic rules.

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Khasanovna, Davlatova Mukhayyo. "ANALYSIS OF FUNCTIONAL - SEMANTIC RELATIONSHIPS OF ENGLISH VERB PREDICATES." American Journal of Philological Sciences 4, no. 3 (March 1, 2024): 74–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ajps/volume04issue03-14.

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Verb predicates play a significant role in the grammar. One of our primary motivations for doing so was to avoid arbitrary lexical stipulations on each verb that could potentially occur in the construction. Through an analysis of linguistic structures, lexical items, and expressive devices, this study seeks to identify common patterns and variations in the expression of emotions across languages. Therefore it is worthwhile to see how much can be accounted for in a principled way by paying close attention tosemantic constraints.

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Zhang, Weiwei, and Manliang Li. "A Functional Study of Lexical Conversion within Modern Chinese Nominal Group." International Journal of English Linguistics 7, no. 6 (September 27, 2017): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v7n6p138.

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The phenomenon of lexical conversion within modern Chinese nominal group is often presented in ancient Chinese grammar. For many years, there have been earnest discussions in China about how we can better study the Chinese nominal group from alternative dimensions, e.g. cognition, pragmatics, multi-category words, word-class shift as well as functional perspective, but few pay attention to the lexical conversion from perspective of Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL). As the SFL itself is “a problem-oriented theory” (Huang, 2006), to apply this theory to explain some certain language phenomena merits serious consideration. This paper is based on the Cardiff Grammar, an important model of SFL and the purpose is to explore the semantic and syntactic function in lexical conversion within modern Chinese nominal group. Through the contrastive study in light of the Cardiff Grammar, the Chinese nominal group can be functionally used as a Main Verb, a Main Verb Extension (MEx) and a prepositional group (pgp).

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Ullman, Michael T. "The functional neuroanatomy of inflectional morphology." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 22, no. 6 (December 1999): 1041–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x99512223.

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Clahsen has presented an impressive range of psycholinguistic data from German regular and irregular inflection to support the view that lexical memory and the combinatorial operations of grammar are subserved by distinct mental mechanisms. Most of the data are convincing and important. I particularly applaud Clahsen's effort to extend this lexical/grammatical dichotomy from mind to brain. Here I discuss some problems with the evidence presented by Clahsen in support of a neural lexical/grammatical dichotomy, and offer some additional evidence to reinforce this neural distinction.

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Ohkuma, Tomoko, Hiroshi Umemoto, Yasuhide Miura, and Hiroshi Masuichi. "Treatment of Numerical Classifier Based on Lexical-Functional Grammar." Journal of Natural Language Processing 16, no. 3 (2009): 51–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5715/jnlp.16.3_51.

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Purwanti, Annisa Ratna. "ANALYZING INDONESIAN ONLINE NEWSPAPER HEADLINES USING LEXICAL FUNCTIONAL GRAMMAR." Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra 19, no. 2 (May 20, 2020): 150–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/bs_jpbsp.v19i2.24782.

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Newspaper headlines have different characteristics to daily or ordinary sentences. They are constructed in such a way to make the readers interested to read the whole news articles. As a result, the syntax for headlines is different. The omission of some parts of the sentences in the headlines are one of the strategies held by the writers to construct effiecient and effective headlines due to the limited space given. Therefore, this qualitative study aims to highlight the syntactical structures of headlines, and also to explain the functions of the words found in the headlines using Lexical Functional Grammar (LFG). In the analysis, LFG has two structures; c-structure and f-structure. C-structure is represented by X-bar in the form of tree diagram, while f-structure is represented by a matrix and followed by a lexical entry. The findings show that there are several characteristics of several famous Indonesian online newspaper headlines which can be a generic structure of a headline. The use of X-COMP, X-ADJ, and OBLθ tends often to occur in the Indonesian headlines. By implementing these functions, it can be a strategy for the writers in generating catchy and efficient headlines.

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18

Schachter, Paul. "Lexical functional grammar as a model of linguistic competence." Linguistics and Philosophy 8, no. 4 (November 1985): 449–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00637413.

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Tucker, Gordon H. "A functional lexicogrammar of adjectives." Functions of Language 4, no. 2 (January 1, 1997): 215–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/fol.4.2.04tuc.

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This paper addresses the modelling of lexis within the framework of systemic functional grammar (SFG). Following Halliday's original notion of lexis as 'most delicate grammar', it is argued within SFG that there is no sharp distinction between structure and lexis. Instead, both aspects of linguistic organisation are integrated into one single network of lexicogrammatical options, which constitutes the meaning potential of a language. Options in the lexicogrammar are realised at the same time by structural configurations and lexical items. Taking adjectives and their structures as its focus, the paper develops a lexicogrammatical description which takes into consideration the range of options available for the expression of 'qualities of things' and the constraints upon and consequences of lexicogrammatical choice in this area. What emerges in particular from such a description is the complex interrelationship and interdependency between lexical and structural choice.

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Navarro i Ferrando, Ignasi. "Embodied semantic parameters for the lexical representation of spatial relational categories." Cognitive Linguistic Studies 11, no. 1 (June 6, 2024): 203–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cogls.00118.nav.

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Abstract This paper proposes an explanatory model for the lexical representation of the native speakers’ lexical knowledge of English prepositions. Lexical knowledge of prepositions as relational predicates includes argument structure (trajector-landmark) as in Cognitive Grammar, situation types (position vs state) as in Functional Grammar, lexical hierarchies (spatial subdomains) based on semantic primitives, as in Natural Semantic Metalanguage, and embodied perceptual parameters configured in four dimensions, namely, geometry, topology, force-dynamics and function (from Cognitive Linguistics). This model is illustrated here by expounding three lexical templates compatible with constructional templates in the Lexical Constructional Model, representing the semantic decomposition of English prepositions at, on and in.

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CORNISH, FRANCIS. "‘Downstream’ effects on the predicate in Functional Grammar clause derivations." Journal of Linguistics 38, no. 2 (July 2002): 247–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226702001433.

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The article deals with the dynamic, retroactive effects within a clause derivation of various ‘downstream’ specifications (that is, at subsequent levels in the derivation) on the semantic structure and aspectual character of the predicator at the ‘nuclear’, ‘core’ and ‘extended’ predication layers within standard Functional Grammar (Dik 1997a) – specifically, the insertion of given types of argument expressions within the predicate frame and the adjunction of certain semantically marked types of level 1 and level 2 satellites. A third type of retroactive effect is produced via the assignment or otherwise of the pragmatic function ‘Focus’ to the syntactic exponent of a predicate, which results in the singling out of a given part of the latter's semantic structure to act as a predicator.All these dynamic, retroactive effects on a predicator and the structures it projects assume a semantically transparent underlying predicate structure on which to operate; yet in the standard FG model, no such structure is available via the predicate frame, which forms the initial structure for the derivation of a clause. The article demonstrates the drawbacks of the strict separation of meaning definitions (lexical semantics) and predicate frames (semantically-based syntax) within FG in terms, precisely, of the perspicuous mapping between syntax and semantics. It proposes a semantically transparent alternative to the standard predicate frame, based on Pustejovsky's (1995) ‘Generative Lexicon’ approach to lexico-semantic structure.

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Khaya, Yassine. "Mandarin Chinese Emphatic Operator in Denial: A Functional Discourse Grammar Analysis." International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation 7, no. 4 (April 1, 2024): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijllt.2024.7.4.2.

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This study explores the unique linguistic mechanisms of Mandarin Chinese, a tonal language, in expressing illocutionary acts, specifically focusing on the act of denial. Central to our investigation is the specialized use of the particle "并" (bīng), which is posited to add emphasis in negation contexts, akin to the emphatic role of words like "actually" or "in fact" in English. Through the lens of Functional Discourse Grammar (FDG), this research examines how Mandarin Chinese leverages lexical items, such as "并" (bīng), over prosodic features like pitch and tone, to convey pragmatic emphasis. Our findings indicate that "并" (bīng) functions almost exclusively to strengthen denial, particularly in formal or written Mandarin, without carrying significant semantic content on its own. This specialized use underscores the adaptive strategies of tonal languages in maintaining clear lexical distinction while expressing nuanced illocutionary force. Additionally, the study highlights the limited pitch range available for intonation in tonal languages due to the necessity of distinguishing lexical tones, which further motivates the reliance on lexical means for expressing emphasis. This study contributes to the broader understanding of linguistic expression in tonal versus non-tonal languages and opens avenues for further research into the complex dynamics of language pragmatics.

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Fandiño-Mesa, Cristian Alejandro, Marco Javier Suárez-Barón, and César Augusto Jaramillo-Acevedo. "Application of Regular Grammar in the Syntactic Analysis of Email Addresses." Ingeniería 28, no. 3 (October 19, 2023): e20626. http://dx.doi.org/10.14483/23448393.20626.

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Context: This article proposes the use of regular grammar as a strategy to validate the textual structures of emails. It focuses on the RFC 5321 standard and its syntax, formalizing regular grammars to apply production rules with the aim of validating the syntactic context of each structure of an email address. Method: This article presents a literature review and the development of an email validation model. Related texts focus on the Internet Protocol, along with building automata that apply IPV4 protocol. There are three phases: the development of the model from syntax and regular grammar rules and its construction and application. Results: The result is a functional application that validates email addresses based on regular grammars and existing regulations. When running efficiency tests, our application obtained a higher email validation margin in comparison with JFLAP. The library can work as a great analyzer of grammatical or lexical structures. Conclusions: The email validation tool based on GR regular grammars contributes to the practical use of specialized algorithms in the field of computer science, since it is possible to apply it to the recognition of search patterns such as the analysis of lexical structures (e.g., NITs, alphanumeric codes, and valid URLs).

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MASUICHI, HIROSHI, and TOMOKO OHKUMA. "Constructing a practical Japanese Parser based on Lexical Functional Grammar." Journal of Natural Language Processing 10, no. 2 (2003): 79–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.5715/jnlp.10.2_79.

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OHKUMA, TOMOKO, HIROSHI MASUICHI, and TAKESHI YOSHIOKA. "Disambiguation of Japanese Focus Particles by using Lexical Functional Grammar." Journal of Natural Language Processing 13, no. 1 (2006): 27–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5715/jnlp.13.27.

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Salloum,et al., Said A. "A Survey of Lexical Functional Grammar in the Arabic Contex." International Journal of Computing and Network Technology 4, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.12785/ijcnt/040304.

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Salloum,et al., Said A. "A Survey of Lexical Functional Grammar in the Arabic Contex." International Journal of Computing and Network Technology 4, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.12785/ijcts/040304.

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Hassan, Jalal Sa’dullah. "Syntax and Morphology Interface: A Study within Lexical- Functional Grammar." JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE STUDIES 7, no. 2 (December 31, 2023): 355–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/lang.7.2.17.

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The present paper is aimed at providing information on the interaction of syntax and morphology within Lexical-Functional Grammar (hereinafter LFG). It is to introduce how c-structure and f-structure as levels of representation in LFG are assigned to sentences in English Language. This paper is also an investigation of how distinct syntactic relations are obtained when changing words or phrases in sentence structures. This is obviously shown in c-structure and f-structure. The former denotes the constituent structure of sentences which entails the composition of words into phrasal constituents hierarchically. Whereas, the latter represents the grammatical relations between the units of a sentence, which includes subject, object, complement, adverbial, and so forth. Further, the aim of the paper is to cast light on different important phenomena that are the principal concern of LFG viz head mobility, passive, and wh-movement. Finally, how changes of lexical forms of processes and participants assign verbs with different functions and changes the structure of sentences.

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Mairal-Usón, Ricardo, and Pamela Faber. "Lexical templates within a functional cognitive theory of meaning." Annual Review of Cognitive Linguistics 5 (November 29, 2007): 137–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/arcl.5.07mai.

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Within the context of the Lexical Constructional Model, which provides a comprehensive account of the relationship between syntax and all facets on meaning construction, this paper is concerned with one of the major representational modules of the model, viz. a lexical template. It is claimed that a lexical template consists of a semantic specification plus a logical structure. The logical structure formalism is constructed on the basis of Aktionsart distinctions proposed in Role and Reference Grammar (Van Valin & Lapolla, 1997; Van Valin, 2005). Aktionsart regularities are captured by the external variables of the template, specified in Roman characters, and by a set of high-level elements of structure that function as semantic primitives. Lexical templates also contain internal variables, marked with Arabic numerals, and formally expressed in terms of a catalogue of lexical functions. These variables capture world-knowledge elements that relate in a way specific to the predicate defined by the lexical template. In order to test the viability of lexical templates, a detailed analysis of a set of verbs within the lexical domain of cognition is included.

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Masuichi, Hiroshi, and Tomoko Ohkuma. "Construction of Practical Japanese Parsing System Based on Lexical Functional Grammar." Journal of Natural Language Processing 21, no. 4 (2014): 659–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5715/jnlp.21.659.

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Miller, Mark. "Lexical-Functional Grammar: An Introduction to Parallel Constraint-Based Syntax (review)." Language 79, no. 4 (2003): 800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lan.2003.0255.

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Kuatova, Gulzira, and Manat Musatayeva. "Representation of the functional-semantic field of futurality in the Victor Pelevins novel “Omon Ra”." Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski 8, no. 1 (July 1, 2017): 237–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/pw.3616.

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In this article the authors consider realization of futural meaning in the artistic text – in Victor Pelevin’s novel “Omon Ra”. The futurality is treated as a functional-semantic field according to functional grammar in version of A. V. Bondarko. The authors consider several expression forms of futurality which represent the different levels of language system: morphological, lexical, lexical-syntactic, syntactic, and contextually caused. These forms are descripted in terms of their frequency in the postmodern text.

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Martin, J. R., and Priscilla Cruz. "Interpersonal grammar of Tagalog." Interpersonal Meaning 25, no. 1 (August 10, 2018): 54–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/fol.17016.mar.

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Abstract In this paper the interpersonal grammar of Tagalog is explored from the perspective of Systemic Functional Linguistics. Following a brief metafunctional profile of Tagalog grammar, a framework for interpreting the discourse function of Tagalog clauses is introduced – exchange structure. Subsequently the systems of mood, polarity, modality, tagging, vocation, comment and engagement are considered, alongside their realisation in tone, clause structure and lexical selection. The role played by these interpersonal systems and structure is then illustrated through a brief sample of Tagalog discourse. The paper demonstrates the manner in which a paradigmatic perspective can be used to integrate the description of grammatical resources typically fragmented and marginalised in syntagmatically organised descriptions.

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Andreyeva, Tetyana. "Communicative grammar in modern Ukrainian linguodidactics." Actual issues of Ukrainian linguistics: theory and practice, no. 37 (2018): 141–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/apultp.2018.37.141-156.

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This article examines the notion of communicative grammar in its relations with the Ukrainian linguodidactics. This problem is related to the language competence, which serves as a component of communicative competence. The present stage of studying the numerous problems of linguistics is characterized by the fact that they are considered in a cognitive-communicative perspective. The fact of the establishment of a cognitive-communicative paradigm in modern linguistics leads to the foreground of the study, which uses the functional description of the language system and its constructive units. Application of the communicative-activity approach corresponds most closely to modern educational goals and psycho-pedagogical ideas of the present, as it creates the preconditions for the active formation of communicative competences among students, serving as the main goal of standardized language education at all levels. The communicative approach to the study of the linguistic system demonstrates the applicable nature, because it involves mastering the linguistic material as an action: acquisition of the lexical and grammatical system of language based on their communicative importance. The specificity of modern research in the field of grammar was the emergence of various types of grammar (generative grammar, communicative grammar, functional grammar). Communicative grammar is one of the areas of language learning, which combines the systematic representation of grammar and text analysis (as part of this, there is a broad term in grammar, it also includes the lexical semantics). Significant linguistic units were in the focus of the study of communicative grammar in connection with the communicative activity of the speaker. The main object of this science is the text, and its purpose is the justification of the specific text and each of its components, the creation of an explanatory model of the grammatical system (that is the definition of functional and semantic specificity of grammatical units, the identification of functional and semantic principles that underpin the organization of the grammatical system). In our opinion, the linguo-didactic elaboration of a range of issues that lie in the sphere of interest in communicative grammar is still rather small. The development of the theory of communicative grammar itself in Ukrainian linguistics, and its linguistic and pedagogical elaboration, is, in large part, a matter of scientific and methodological perspectives.

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Ogunrinde, Ebenezer Deji, and Joshua Taiwo Ajenifari. "Mood in Language: A Lexico-syntactic Analysis of Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) Covid-19 Sensitisation SMS." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 11, no. 7 (July 1, 2021): 768–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1107.02.

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Using data from widely circulated SMSes from the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC), this paper provides a lexical-syntactic analysis of language use by a government agency during the COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria. The framework used for the analysis is dyadic, encompassing tenets from semantic theory (which deals extensively with lexical choices as well as the determination of the meanings attached to them) and Systemic Functional Grammar. The analysis reveals that a writer’s selection of lexical items in a particular text is a reflection of his mood. This plays a significant and important role in the writer’s arrangement of the lexical items into peculiar sentence patterns in the text. Mood which is a system at the deep structure of Systemic Functional Grammar determines, to a very large extent, the language a writer employs in a text. Repetition in NCDC COVID-19 sensitisation messages is used to emphasize the importance of such words. It is meant to further convince the general public that only self-efforts or actions can prevent the spread of COVID-19 as majority of the repeated words are action stimulated words (verbs).

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Nolan, Brian. "Theoretical and computational considerations of linking constructions in Role and Reference Grammar." Review of Cognitive Linguistics 12, no. 2 (October 31, 2014): 410–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rcl.12.2.06nol.

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This paper proposes a view of the linguistic construction in Role and Reference Grammar (RRG) in which constructions are posited to be structured grammatical objects with a unique constructional signature that uniquely identifies them. We argue that the construction has an input and an output, and that it contains a local workspace in which the processing of the various lexical and grammatical rules applies, according to the constraints within the constructional object. In recent years there has been a growing recognition that the RRG account of constructions is an under-utilised resource that deserves a wider application to problems in cross-linguistic analysis (Nolan & Diedrichsen, 2013; Nolan & Periñán, 2014). As a functional grammar with strong claims of adequacy, RRG has however had several challenges from Construction Grammar (Butler & Martín Arista, 2009; Goldberg, 2006; Michaelis, 2006, 2010). This paper addresses a number of these challenges. In the view of constructions presented here, the linking over the syntactic, semantic and pragmatic interfaces resides in the body of the construction, and the construction interacts with the lexicon which provides lexical information relevant to the construction. The constructions reside in a construction repository. This model of constructions delivers a means to address the challenges posed to the RRG account of the role and place of constructions within a lexicalist functionalist model of grammar.

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Muñoz, Carmen Portero, and Daniel García Velasco. "A new proposal for the distinction between lexical and syntactic derivation in Functional Discourse Grammar." Word Structure 11, no. 1 (March 2018): 95–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/word.2018.0117.

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This paper explores the possibility of classifying traditional affixes as two groups, syntactic or lexical affixes, as proposed within Functional Discourse Grammar (FDG). It is argued that the main challenge for the FDG approach to derivational morphology arises from properties which revolve around the semantic contribution of derivational affixes: i) the fact that derivational processes introduce unpredictable meaning components (semantic opacity), ii) the question of what constitutes lexical meaning vs. grammatical meaning, iii) the intrinsic polysemy of some affixes, and iv) affix competition. The authors conclude that FDG should treat lexical and grammatical affixes similarly, unless a clear distinction can be made in particular cases on clearly specified semantic principles.

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Mackenzie, J. Lachlan. "Reflecting on Functional Discourse Grammar as i self-isolate." Cadernos de Linguística 2, no. 1 (June 25, 2021): e361. http://dx.doi.org/10.25189/2675-4916.2021.v2.n1.id361.

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These reflections, composed during a period of self-isolation in Lisbon, begin by sketching how Functional Discourse Grammar (FDG) finds its origins in Simon Dik’s Functional Grammar and then briefly set out some of the major principles of FDG. The article focuses on an interpretation of FDG that, like Dik's model of verbal interaction, gives a prominent place to dialogue. The article deals with speakers’ discursive and lexical strategies, and ends with analysis of the relatively new phenomenon of self-prefixed verbs in English, culminating in a discussion of the new verb self-isolate (and also self-quarantine), created in the early days of the coronavirus crisis.

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Pasaribu, Truly Almendo. "The Negation Jangan from a Lexical Functional Perspective." LLT Journal: A Journal on Language and Language Teaching 16, no. 1 (December 21, 2016): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.24071/llt.v16i1.281.

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This paper is an investigation into the properties of the negation jangan in the framework of Lexical-Functional Grammar. The analysis shows that the negation jangan can negate verbs functioning as predicate in a sentence. It follows both transitive and intransitive verbs. The constituent that fills the position in the subject is defined by the voice of the sentence. If it is in the active voice, the subject is the second person pronoun. On the other hand, if the word jangan negates passive voice, the subject is not restricted. It is possible in Indonesian sentence to have double negation because the negative adverb jangan can negatea negation tidak. It also follows adjectives, adverbs, nouns and clauses. Thenegation jangan also has a different grammatical construction when it precedesthe preposition sampai. The subject following jangan sampai is not restricted asthe subject following jangan sampai is in active voice. The word jangan can befronted to modify the whole clause.DOI: https://doi.org/10.24071/llt.2013.160105

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Kristensen, Susanne Annikki. "Formale lingvistiske teorier." NyS, Nydanske Sprogstudier 1, no. 52-53 (December 15, 2017): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/nys.v1i52-53.102676.

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Denne artikel opstiller ikke i første omgang et modsætningsforhold mellem en formel/formal og en funktionel sprogbeskrivelse, som lingvister ellers ynder. Derimod opstilles et modsætningsforhold mellem det deskriptive og det formale, og det forudsættes, at de generative og (en del af) de funktionelle sprogbeskrivelser har grund i formale teorier. Dernæst behandles fire internationalt etablerede teorier, nemlig Chomskys generativisme, Lexical-Functional Grammar og Functional Grammar, suppleret med teoretiske tanker fra Functional Syntax, med særlig henblik på teoriernes syn på transitivitet. Målet er at afklare, hvad der er af forskelle og ligheder mellem de generative og funktionelle teorier om syntaks.

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Cortés Rodriguez, Francisco J. "Aspectual features in Role and Reference Grammar." Revista Española de Lingüística Aplicada/Spanish Journal of Applied Linguistics 27, no. 1 (August 8, 2014): 23–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/resla.27.1.02cor.

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The kernel of the semantic representation of a predicate in Role and Reference Grammar (RRG) is based on its characterization in terms of an Aktionsart typology based on Vendler’s (1957) classes plus some additional elements from Smith (1997) and Dowty (1979). This means that event structures are mainly considered a lexical phenomenon pertaining to predicates, and only occasionally higher predicational structures are considered in event construction. Even though this approach is adequate to a great extent, there are still some problems in the approach taken in RRG. The most significant drawback is that non-lexical aspects appear intermingled with predicate-only features, which leads to misinterpretations and misclassifications of predicates. Consequently, it sees more sensible to bring a functional model of grammar like RRG to a compromise position and, thus, consider in what ways different units identified as belonging to the different layers in RRG’s syntactic projections ‘conspire’ in the final aspectual characterization of events. In this line, this paper will propose a classification of aspectual features in terms of the levels found in the functional projection of the clause as devised in RRG, namely the Predicate Level (the domain of Aktionsart typology), the Nucleus (where morphological aspect has scope) and the Core (the locus for what will be described as ‘aspectuality’ features).

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RAHMAN, M. U., and H. U. KAZI. "Developing a Computational Syntax of Sindhi Language in Lexical Functional Grammar Framework." SINDH UNIVERSITY RESEARCH JOURNAL -SCIENCE SERIES 49, no. 004 (December 19, 2017): 733——738. http://dx.doi.org/10.26692/surj/2017.12.49.

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Sengupta, P., and B. B. Chaudhuri. "A "Generalized" Lexical Functional Grammar-Based Processing of an Indian Language — Bangla." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 12, no. 05 (August 1998): 695–720. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001498000403.

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An efficient LFG parser implementation of Indian languages in general and Bangla in particular has been discussed. It has been shown that the classical technique of nonconfigurational syntactic encoding principles lead to too many disjunctive constraints to be satisfied by the parser. Noting that most of the disjunctions do not exist if an a priori knowledge of the verb is available, a "delayed" syntactic encoding formalism has been proposed. The points of syntactic encoding of noun phrases have been treated a "forward references" that are to be temporarily maintained in a "symbol table" for later precipitation. The proposed solution has two parts. The first part deals with identification of forward reference points, which is done by introducing a new metavariable and augmenting the scope of the Locate operator. The second part deals with precipitation of forward references through special schemata called m-structure schemata projected by the verb. An extension of the solution to one type of Bangla complex sentences has also been proposed (in the Appendix). Implementation notes based on object-oriented programming principles have been provided.

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Kioko, Angelina N. "The Kikamba multiple applicative: a problem for the lexical functional grammar analysis." South African Journal of African Languages 15, no. 4 (January 1995): 210–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1995.10587081.

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Kusumanegara, Alya Sabila, Lalu Muhaimi, and Husnul Lail. "LEXICAL COHESION IN JOHN CHEEVER'S SHORT STORY THE FIVE FORTY-EIGHT: A SYSTEMIC FUNCTIONAL GRAMMAR PERSPECTIVE." JURNAL LISDAYA 17, no. 2 (December 25, 2021): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/lisdaya.v17i2.46.

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The objectives of this research are: 1) to identify and describe the use of the item of lexical cohesion devices in John Cheever's short story The Five Forty-Eight and; 2) to explain lexical cohesive devices contribute to building up coherence of language expression in the short story. This study focuses on Halliday and Hasan types of lexical cohesion, they are: Repetition, Synonym, Superordinate, General Word, and Collocation. Then the data were analyzed using descriptive qualitative method, and the source of the data is The Five Forty-Eight story text. The documentation study method has been used to collect the data from the short story. The analysis result shows that all the types of lexical cohesion were found in the story, there are: repetition (58,8%), synonym (7,4%), superordinate (5,5%), general word (17,1%), and collocation (11,1%). This study finds out that repetition, general word and collocation are the most frequently types used in the short story.

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Kusuma, Invandri. "Konstruksi Kalimat Transitif dalam Berita Daring Merdeka.COM Edisi Januari 2019: Kajian Lexical Functional Grammar." Jurnal Kajian Bahasa, Sastra dan Pengajaran (KIBASP) 3, no. 1 (December 29, 2019): 190–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.31539/kibasp.v3i1.929.

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This study examines the syntactic nature of the transitive sentence construction in the January 2019 edition of Merdeka.com online news. The sentence construction in this study is influenced by the affixation process. The affixation process changes the structure into several different arguments from before. While obscene arguments often occur to hide objects or actors as objects. Argument based Lexical Functional Grammar analysis based on structure takes into account the complex nature of unusual structures. Provision of data using the listen method and in analyzing data using the distribution distribution method. The data is sourced from the use of sentences in Merdeka.Com online news in writing. The results of this study verbs undergo an affixation process on the predicate function to determine their arguments. Some words do not undergo the process of affixation to form more than two arguments. The same subject in the parent sentence and clause form the X-Comp in the formal word. Keywords: Transitive Sentences, Lexical Functional Grammar, Online News, Verbs

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BOND, OLIVER. "Negation through reduplication and tone: implications for the Lexical Functional Grammar/Paradigm Function Morphology interface." Journal of Linguistics 52, no. 2 (July 24, 2015): 277–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226715000134.

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Morphological marking of negation through verbal reduplication and tone is a typologically rare phenomenon attested in Eleme (Niger-Congo; Nigeria). Using Lexical Functional Grammar (LFG) and Paradigm Function Morphology (PFM) to model first-hand data, I argue that reduplication is not a direct exponent of negation in Eleme, but an asemantic morphomic process, indirectly associated with the presence of a negative polarity feature in LFG’s m(orphological)-structure. While negative verb forms of this kind are typologically unusual, the data can be explained by independently motivated morphology-internal principles. The empirical facts thereby provide support for an m-structure, characterised by its own principles and rules, which interfaces with a bifurcated lexicon that separates content from form.

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Hengeveld, Kees, and Hella Olbertz. "Systems of TMA and Related Categories in Functional Discourse Grammar: A Brief Overview." Open Linguistics 4, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 323–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opli-2018-0017.

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Abstract In this introductory paper, we will briefly introduce FDG and its treatment of systems of tense, aspect, mood, evidentiality, polarity, mirativity and localization, as well as their lexical counterparts.

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Lefebvre, Claire. "Multifunctionality and Variation Among Grammars." Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 13, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 93–150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.13.1.04lef.

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A multifunctional item is a lexical item that has more than one function. This paper argues that the determiner of Haitian and Fongbe is a multifunctional head. It can appear as the head of several functional category projections, namely, DP, MoodP, TP, and AspP. Given the Projection Principle, how can a single functional item appear as the head of different functional category projections? My account of the multifunctional character of such functional items is twofold. First, multifunctional heads lack categorial features. Second, the category of the projection of a multifunctional head is determined by its complements. It is expected that a multifunctional item will be the object of variation among speakers. The data analyzed in this paper are drawn from a sample of speakers of both languages. Two clear patterns emerge which I will refer to as grammar 1 (which includes speakers of both Haitian and Fongbe) and grammar 2 (which also includes speakers of both Haitian and Fongbe). The striking fact about these data is that the same cluster of properties distinguish grammar 1 from grammar 2 in both Haitian and Fongbe.

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SENGUPTA, P., and B. B. CHAUDHURI. "A MORPHO-SYNTACTIC ANALYSIS BASED LEXICAL SUBSYSTEM." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 07, no. 03 (June 1993): 595–619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001493000303.

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A lexical subsystem that contains a morphological level parser is necessary for processing natural languages in general and inflectional languages in particular. Such a subsystem should be able to generate the surface form (i.e. as it appears in a natural sentence) of a word, given the sequence of morphemes constituting the word. Conversely, and more importantly, the subsystem should be able to parse a word into its constituent morphemes. A formalism which enables the lexicon writer to specify the lexicon of an inflectional language is discussed. The specifications are used to build up a lexical description in the form of a lexical database on one hand and a formulation of derivational morphology, called Augmented Finite State Automata (AFSA), on the other. A compact lexical representation has been achieved, where generation of the surface forms of a word, as well as parsing of a word is performed in a computationally attractive manner. The output produced as a result of parsing is suitable for input to the next stage of analysis in a Natural Language Processing (NLP) environment, which, in our case is based on a generalization of the Lexical Functional Grammar (LFG). The application of the formalism on inflectional Indian languages is considered, with Bengali, a modern Indian language, as a case study.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Lexical functional grammar'

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