Academic literature on the topic 'Levure (agent de fermentation) – Produits de remplacement'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Levure (agent de fermentation) – Produits de remplacement":
Nolleau, Valérie. "Caractérisation du métabolisme du xylose en vue d'une optimisation de la production de xylitol chez "Candida guilliermondii" et "Candida parapsilosis"." Montpellier 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON20284.
Périé, Lucie. "Formulation et alvéolation de pâtes céréalières à l’aide d’ingrédients biosourcés." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0090.
The replacement of controversial additives in cereal matrices represents a major challenge to meet consumers’ expectations. Leavening agents are functional ingredients that are required to obtain porous biscuit products according to industrial manufacturing methods. Their incorporation into biscuit dough determines the expansion of dough pieces during the baking stage. In this work, we considered two cereal doughs with different hydration levels that determine the gas incorporation pathways, aiming to completely suppress the need for leavening agents. In a low-hydration laminated biscuit dough, the study considered the use of baker's yeast as a substitute for leavening agents. The configuration of the gluten network conditions the dough elasticity and its ability to stretch to allow the biscuits to expand during baking. In a sponge drop (whipped) dough, air incorporation relies on the formation of a stable foam simultaneously with the gas release induced by the leavening agents. The removal of leavening agents from this matrix was enabled by using functionalized plant proteins through various treatments (physical or enzymatic). A design of experiments approach was implemented to optimize functionalities and thus, ensure the obtention of biscuits with a uniform crumb structure. During this process, the interfacial properties of the dough proteins determine their ability to stabilize the air bubbles in the matrix. These were studied using tensiometry and interfacial rheology
Ness, Frédérique. "Etude des levures de distillerie et isolement d'un gène telomérique (RTM1) conférant une résistance à la mélasse." Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR28292.
The aim of this thesis is the characterization and the improvement of distiller's yeasts. The characterization has been done by genomic and physiologic studies. The different analyses have shown polymorphism and genetic diversity of these strains. Moreover, we have developed a new technique of yeast strains identification based on PCR. The physiology of these strains analyzed in laboratory conditions is almost similar and thus in opposition with the genetic diversity. The improvement of the distiller's yeasts was based on the increasing of the growth of this strains on industrial medium. By this approach, we have isolated the RTM1 gene, which overexpressed confers resistance to toxic molasses. Different distiller's yeasts showed the amplification of the sequence of this gene at different telomers. This could explain the adaptation of the growth of this yeast on molasses. In opposition, some laboratory strains (molasses sensitive) don't have any copy of RTM1 gene. The RTM1 gene encode a 34 kD protein, which contains seven potential transmermbrane regions. The isolation of RTM1 gene would permit the identification and certainly the control of the toxicity of molasses
Baillou, Ambre. "Contrôle de la cryptosporidiose des ruminants : de la caractérisation des phagocytes mononucléés de l'intestin à l'immunostimulation avec des produits dérivés de levures." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Tours, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022TOUR5010.
Cryptosporidiosis is a poorly controlled zoonotic disease caused by the infection with the intestinal parasite Cryptosporidium parvum (Cp), presenting a high prevalence in livestock. Young ruminants (calves, lambs, kids) are particularly susceptible to the infection due to the immaturity of their intestinal immune system. The infection is responsible for watery diarrhea that can lead to the death of the animal by dehydration in the most severe cases. There is no vaccine and the approved treatment (Halocur™) requires preventive administrations to be effective. Innate immunity plays an essential role in controlling the acute phase of parasite infection, in which mononuclear phagocytes (MP), and in particular conventional type 1 dendritic cells (cDC1), are key effectors, as demonstrated in newborn murine model.The first objective of this thesis project was to characterize intestinal MP in lambs and calves at homeostasis and during Cp infection, which develops primarily in the ileum of its hosts. We performed phenotypic (flow cytometry) and transcriptomic (Fluidigm®) analyses of MP in several compartments of the distal small intestine of the animals. We have thus described a population of macrophages (MAC) and three subpopulations of cDC, two of which were identified as cDC1 and cDC2 and the third characterized by an activated DC phenotype with putative regulatory potential. We identified that the number of cDC1 increases very rapidly from the first 10 days of life of the animals, which could be related to the great sensitivity of the animals during this period. Cp infection induces an increase in the abundance of MAC, cDC1 and cDC2 in the intestine of animals, which could result from the recruitment induced by the chemokines produced in the infected tissues (CXCL10, CCL5). These MPs produce in turn a large panel of cytokines and chemokines (IL12p40, IL6, CXCL10) involved in the establishment of the pro-inflammatory response and the recruitment of other immune effector cells to control the infection.In the context of the development of immunostimulation strategies for controlling cryptosporidiosis, the second objective of this thesis was to study the immunostimulatory properties of yeast-derived products for the lamb intestine and to evaluate their protective effect against Cp infection. For the intestinal immunostimulation of young lambs we first used ex vivo models (explants, isolated intestinal cells) which turned out not to be informative. We therefore next developed a model of intestinal loop surgery in caesarian-born lamb, which allowed us to demonstrate the moderate pro-inflammatory properties of the yeast products in vivo as well as their mild but significant protective effect on parasite development.This work establishes the first fine characterization of intestinal MP in young ruminants at homeostasis and during infection with Cp and provides encouraging prospects for the use of immunostimulation strategies to control cryptosporidiosis
Petitdidier, Catherine. "Etude des modalités d'expression de certaines voies métaboliques de production d'arômes par des micro-organismes d'affinage des fromages à pâte pressée non cuite : précurseurs et systèmes enzymatiques impliqués dans le catabolisme des acides aminés." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CLF22334.
Saubusse, Marjorie. "Effet de barrière des populations microbiennes des laits crus vis-à-vis de Listeria monocytogenes dans un fromage à pâte pressée non cuite." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00717826.
Saubusse, Marjorie. "Effet de barrière des populations microbiennes des laits crus vis-à-vis de Listeria monocytogenes dans un fromage à pâte pressée non cuite." Phd thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CLF21741.
Grangeteau, Cédric. "Biodiversité fongique du raisin au vin : impact de l'activité anthropique." Thesis, Dijon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016DIJOS040/document.
The effects of different anthropogenic activities (vineyard, winery) on fungal populations from grape to wine were studied. To characterize these effects, it was necessary to access to the overall diversity of populations (pyrosequencing and spectroscopy FT-IR) but also to intra-specific diversity (FT-IR). Spectroscopy FT-IR has been validated for their ability to characterize the global population and to discriminate the strains for three species of non-Saccharomyces yeasts (NS). For the first time, it is shown that the grape berry is a limited source for NS yeasts while the winery seems to be a significant source; the air is an important vector for dissemination of these yeasts. In addition, persistence of NS yeast strains from year to year in the winery has been demonstrated. The studied anthropogenic activities modify the fungal diversity. Thus, lower biodiversity of grapes from organic modality was measured for the three vintages considered. The pressing / clarification step revises strongly fungal populations and the influence of the winery flora is confirmed. The addition of SO2 changes the population dynamics and favors the dominance of the species S. cerevisiae. The non-targeted chemical analysis shows, for the first time, that these wines can be distinguished at the end of the alcoholic fermentation (with or without SO2) depending on plant protection. Thus, the existence in wines of chemical and microbiological signatures associated with vineyard protection mode is highlighted