Relevant bibliographies by topics / Levitated droplets

Academic literature on the topic 'Levitated droplets'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Levitated droplets"

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Hasegawa, Koji, Ayumu Watanabe, Akiko Kaneko, and Yutaka Abe. "Coalescence Dynamics of Acoustically Levitated Droplets." Micromachines 11, no. 4 (March 26, 2020): 343. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11040343.

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The contactless coalescence of a droplet is of paramount importance for physical and industrial applications. This paper describes a coalescence method to be used mid-air via acoustic levitation using an ultrasonic phased array system. Acoustic levitation using ultrasonic phased arrays provides promising lab-on-a-drop applications, such as transportation, coalescence, mixing, separation, evaporation, and extraction in a continuous operation. The mechanism of droplet coalescence in mid-air may be better understood by experimentally and numerically exploring the droplet dynamics immediately before the coalescence. In this study, water droplets were experimentally levitated, transported, and coalesced by controlled acoustic fields. We observed that the edges of droplets deformed and attracted each other immediately before the coalescence. Through image processing, the radii of curvature of the droplets were quantified and the pressure difference between the inside and outside a droplet was simulated to obtain the pressure and velocity information on the droplet’s surface. The results revealed that the sound pressure acting on the droplet clearly decreased before the impact of the droplets. This pressure on the droplets was quantitatively analyzed from the experimental data. Our experimental and numerical results provide deeper physical insights into contactless droplet manipulation for futuristic lab-on-a-drop applications.
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YARIN, A. L., M. PFAFFENLEHNER, and C. TROPEA. "On the acoustic levitation of droplets." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 356 (February 10, 1998): 65–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112097007829.

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This paper deals with the theoretical and experimental investigation of acoustically levitated droplets. A method of calculation of the acoustic radiation pressure based on the boundary element method (BEM) is presented. It is applied to predict shapes of droplets levitated in an acoustic field (and as a result, deformed by it). The method was compared with several known exact and approximate analytical results for rigid spheres and shown to be accurate (and a widely used approximate formula for the acoustic levitation force acting on a rigid sphere was found to be inaccurate for sound wavelengths comparable with the sphere radius). The method was also compared with some other theoretical approaches known from the literature.Displacement of the droplet centre relative to the pressure node is accounted for and shown to be significant. The results for droplet shapes and displacements are compared with experimental data, and the agreement is found to be rather good. Furthermore, the experimental investigations reveal a unique relationship between the aspect ratio of an oblate droplet and the sound pressure level in the levitator. This relationship agrees well with the predicted shapes. A practical link between droplet shape or droplet displacement and sound pressure level in a levitator is therefore now available.
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Gao, Xiaoyan, Chen Cai, Jiabi Ma, and Yunhong Zhang. "Repartitioning of glycerol between levitated and surrounding deposited glycerol/NaNO 3 /H 2 O droplets." Royal Society Open Science 5, no. 1 (January 2018): 170819. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.170819.

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Repartitioning of semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) between particles is an important process to understand the particle growth and shrinkage in the atmosphere environment. Here, by using optical tweezers coupled with cavity-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, we report the repartitioning of glycerol between a levitated glycerol/NaNO 3 /H 2 O droplet and surrounding glycerol/NaNO 3 /H 2 O droplets deposited on the inner wall of a chamber with different organic to inorganic molar ratios (OIRs). For the high OIR with 3 : 1, no NaNO 3 crystallization occurs both for levitated and deposited droplets in the whole relative humidity (RH) range, the radius of the levitated droplet decreases slowly due to the evaporation of glycerol from the levitated droplet at constant RHs. The levitated droplets radii with OIR of 1 : 1 and 1 : 3 increase with constant RHs that are lower than 45.3% and 55.7%, respectively, indicating that the repartitioning of glycerol occurs. The reason is that NaNO 3 in the deposited droplets is crystallized when RH is lower than 45.3% for 1 : 1 or 55.7% for 1 : 3. So the vapour pressure of glycerol at the surface of deposited droplets is higher than that of the levitated droplet which always remains as liquid droplet without NaNO 3 crystallization, resulting in the transfer of glycerol from the deposited ones to the levitated one. The process of the glycerol repartitioning we discussed herein is a useful model to interpret the repartitioning of SVOCs between the externally mixed particles with different phase states.
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Hasegawa, Koji, and Manami Murata. "Oscillation Dynamics of Multiple Water Droplets Levitated in an Acoustic Field." Micromachines 13, no. 9 (August 23, 2022): 1373. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13091373.

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This study aimed to improve and investigate the oscillation dynamics and levitation stability of acoustically levitated water droplets. Contactless sample manipulation technology in mid-air has attracted significant attention in the fields of biochemistry and pharmaceutical science. Although one promising method is acoustic levitation, most studies have focused on a single sample. Therefore, it is important to determine the stability of multiple samples during acoustic levitation. Here, we aim to understand the effect of multiple-sample levitation on levitation stability in acoustic fields. We visualized the oscillatory motion of multiple levitated droplets using a high-speed video camera. To characterize the dynamics of multiple levitating droplets, the oscillation frequency and restoring force coefficients of the levitated samples, which were obtained from the experimental data, were analyzed to quantify the droplet–droplet interaction. The oscillation model of the spring-mass system was compared with the experimental results, and we found that the number of levitating droplets and their position played an important role in the levitation stability of the droplets. Our insights could help us understand the oscillatory behavior of levitated droplets to achieve more stable levitation.
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YARIN, A. L., G. BRENN, O. KASTNER, D. RENSINK, and C. TROPEA. "Evaporation of acoustically levitated droplets." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 399 (November 25, 1999): 151–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112099006266.

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The rate of heat and mass transfer at the surface of acoustically levitated pure liquid droplets is predicted theoretically for the case where an acoustic boundary layer appears near the droplet surface resulting in an acoustic streaming. The theory is based on the computation of the acoustic field and squeezed droplet shape by means of the boundary element method developed in Yarin, Pfaffenlehner & Tropea (1998). Given the acoustic field around the levitated droplet, the acoustic streaming near the droplet surface was calculated. This allowed calculation of the Sherwood and Nusselt number distributions over the droplet surface, as well as their average values. Then, the mass balance was used to calculate the evolution of the equivalent droplet radius in time. The theory is applicable to droplets of arbitrary size relative to the sound wavelength λ, including those of the order of λ, when the compressible character of the gas flow is important. Also, the deformation of the droplets by the acoustic field is accounted for, as well as a displacement of the droplet centre from the pressure node. The effect of the internal circulation of liquid in the droplet sustained by the acoustic streaming in the gas is estimated. The distribution of the time-average heat and mass transfer rate over the droplet surface is found to have a maximum at the droplet equator and minima at its poles. The time and surface average of the Sherwood number was shown to be described by the expression Sh = KB/√ω[Dscr ]0, where B = A0e/(ρ0c0) is a scale of the velocity in the sound wave (A0e is the amplitude of the incident sound wave, ρ0 is the unperturbed air density, c0 is the sound velocity in air, ω is the angular frequency in the ultrasonic range, [Dscr ]0 is the mass diffusion coefficient of liquid vapour in air, which should be replaced by the thermal diffusivity of air in the computation of the Nusselt number). The coefficient K depends on the governing parameters (the acoustic field, the liquid properties), as well as on the current equivalent droplet radius a.For small spherical droplets with a[Lt ]λ, K = (45/4π)1/2 = 1.89, if A0e is found from the sound pressure level (SPL) defined using A0e. On the other hand, if A0e is found from the same value of the SPL, but defined using the root-mean-square pressure amplitude (prms = A0e/√2), then Sh = KrmsBrms/ √ω[Dscr ]0, with Brms = √2B and Krms = K/√2 = 1.336. For large droplets squeezed significantly by the acoustic field, K appears always to be greater than 1.89. The evolution of an evaporating droplet in time is predicted and compared with the present experiments and existing data from the literature. The agreement is found to be rather good.We also study and discuss the effect of an additional blowing (a gas jet impinging on a droplet) on the evaporation rate, as well as the enrichment of gas at the outer boundary of the acoustic bondary layer by liquid vapour. We show that, even at relatively high rates of blowing, the droplet evaporation is still governed by the acoustic streaming in the relatively strong acoustic fields we use. This makes it impossible to study forced convective heat and mass transfer under the present conditions using droplets levitated in strong acoustic fields.
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Leiterer, Jork, Wolfram Leitenberger, Franziska Emmerling, Andreas F. Thünemann, and Ulrich Panne. "The use of an acoustic levitator to follow crystallization in small droplets by energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction." Journal of Applied Crystallography 39, no. 5 (September 12, 2006): 771–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889806024915.

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For the investigation of small sample volumes, the use of an acoustic levitator was tested as a `sample holder' for hovering droplets in a synchrotron beam. It might be advantageous to use levitated droplets instead of samples confined in solid holders, especially for the study of crystallization processes where the influence of containing walls has to be minimized. In a first experiment, the crystallization of sodium chloride in a small droplet of aqueous solution has been followed with a time resolution of 30 s. The collected diffraction peaks are compared with data in the ICSD database.
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Габышев, Д. Н., Д. Н. Медведев, and К. В. Мисиюк. "Динамика капель, подброшенных над испаряющейся поверхностью воды." Журнал технической физики 91, no. 9 (2021): 1331. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/jtf.2021.09.51211.25-21.

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The data of a ballistic experiment are analyzed, in which an intense capillary wave injects up microdroplets formed and levitated above a heated region of water due to an ascending convective steam-air flow. The drag force resisting the movement of a droplet is estimated. Using various theoretical approaches, the flow parameters (velocity at different heights, the rate of change of velocity) are estimated. The maximum size of droplets that can levitate freely has been determined. The impossibility of the stationary droplet levitation in a linearly inhomogeneous flow is shown.
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Leiterer, Jork, Markus Grabolle, Knut Rurack, Ute Resch-Genger, Jan Ziegler, Thomas Nann, and Ulrich Panne. "Acoustically Levitated Droplets." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1130, no. 1 (May 2008): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1196/annals.1430.039.

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Lauber, Annika, Alexei Kiselev, Thomas Pander, Patricia Handmann, and Thomas Leisner. "Secondary Ice Formation during Freezing of Levitated Droplets." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 75, no. 8 (July 31, 2018): 2815–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-18-0052.1.

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Abstract The formation of secondary ice in clouds, that is, ice particles that are created at temperatures above the limit for homogeneous freezing without the direct involvement of a heterogeneous ice nucleus, is one of the longest-standing puzzles in cloud physics. Here, we present comprehensive laboratory investigations on the formation of small ice particles upon the freezing of drizzle-sized cloud droplets levitated in an electrodynamic balance. Four different categories of secondary ice formation (bubble bursting, jetting, cracking, and breakup) could be detected, and their respective frequencies of occurrence as a function of temperature and droplet size are given. We find that bubble bursting occurs more often than droplet splitting. While we do not observe the shattering of droplets into many large fragments, we find that the average number of small secondary ice particles released during freezing is strongly dependent on droplet size and may well exceed unity for droplets larger than 300 μm in diameter. This leaves droplet fragmentation as an important secondary ice process effective at temperatures around −10°C in clouds where large drizzle droplets are present.
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Chen, Hongyue, Yongjian Zhang, Heyi Wang, Xin Dong, and Duyang Zang. "Evaporation Caused Invaginations of Acoustically Levitated Colloidal Droplets." Nanomaterials 13, no. 1 (December 27, 2022): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13010133.

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Controlled buckling of colloidal droplets via acoustic levitation plays an important role in pharmaceutical, coating, and material self-assembly. In this study, the evaporation process of PTFE colloidal droplets with two particle concentrations (60 wt% and 20 wt%) was investigated under acoustic levitation. We report the occurrence of surface invagination caused by evaporation. For the high particle concentration droplet, the upper surface was invaginated, eventually forming a bowl-shaped structure. While for the low particle concentration droplet, both the upper and lower surfaces of the droplet were invaginated, resulting in a doughnut-like structure. For the acoustically levitated oblate spherical droplet, the dispersant loss at the equatorial area of the droplet is greater than that at the two poles. Therefore, the thickness of the solid shell on the surface of the droplet was not uniform, resulting in invagination at the weaker pole area. Moreover, once the droplet surface was buckling, the hollow cavity on the droplet surface would absorb the sound energy and results in strong positive acoustic radiation pressure at bottom of the invagination, thus further prompting the invagination process.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Levitated droplets"

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Chan, Chak Keung Seinfeld John H. Flagan Richard C. "Studies of levitated single droplets /." Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : California Institute of Technology, 1992. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-07232007-131610.

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Jara, Javier. "Evaporation-condensation of levitated copper droplets." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ36989.pdf.

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Stindt, Arne. "Probing levitated droplets with mass spectrometry." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17538.

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Ultraschalllevitation kombiniert die Vorteile von Mikrofluidik, wie beispielsweise die sehr geringe benötigte Probenmenge, mit einer wandlosen Probenhandhabung. Obwohl die Kopplung zwischen le- vitierten Tröpchen und verschiedenster analytischer Methoden wie optischer Spektroskopie und Röntgenbeugung sehr genau untersucht ist, fehlt es immer noch an einer etablierten Kopplung mit einer massenspektrometrischen Methode für die Analyse auf molekularer Ebene. Die vorliegende Arbeit beschreibt die Prinzipien, auf denen eine kontaktlose massenspektrometrische Analyse von levitierten flüssi- gen Proben beruht. Zuerst wurde der neu entworfene akustische Levitator bezüglich des Einflusses seiner Geometrie auf die Levi- tationseigenschaften experimentell und mittels numerischer Simul- tationen untersucht. Die anschließend durch geführten Experimen- te demonstrieren das Potential von Infrarot-Lasern als kombinierte Desorptions- und Ionisationsquelle für organische Substanzen aus einer Mischung aus Wasser und Glycerin als Cromophor. Um einen tieferen Einblick in die hierbei ablaufenden Ionisationsmechanismen zu erhalten, wurde als Modell ein “Sonic-Spray” Konus räumlich per Massenspektrometrie und Laser-induzierter Fluoreszenz untersucht. Levitator-Geometrie auf die Levitationseigenschaften stimmen sehr gut mit numerischen Simulationen überein. Als komplementäre Ionisationsmethode wurde eine Niedertemperatur-Plasmaquelle ein- gesetzt. Nach einer zeitaufgelösten Untersuchung der grundlegenden Ionisationsmechanismen wurde diese Quelle für die Untersuchung flüchtiger Spezies aus der levitierten Probe in deren direkten Umgebung ohne störende Interferenzen ge- nutzt.
Ultrasonic levitation combines advantages of microfluidics like the required small sample volumes with a wall-less sample handling. While the coupling of analytical methods like optical spectroscopy as well as x-ray scattering are very well elaborated, an established mass spectrometric method to obtain molecular analytical information is still lacking. The herein presented work describes the fundamental processes for a contactless mass spectrometric analysis of levitated droplets. First, the influences of the specially designed levitator geometry on the levitation capabilities is described. During further experiments, the use of infrared lasers has proven useful as a combined desorption and ionization source for organic molecules from a mixture of water and glycerol as chromophore. Subsequently, sonic-spray ionization was used to gain a deeper understanding of the ionization processes occurring within the spray plume. Mass spectrometric mapping as well as laser-induced fluorescence were performed to investigate the ionization during an aerodynamic breakup of the micro droplets in the spray process. As a complementary sampling method, the ionization with a low- temperature plasma source is described. First, a time-resolved mass spectrometric investigation of the ionization process is shown. Sub- sequent to this fundamental study, the application of such a plasma source for the direct analysis of volatile compounds from within the droplets in the surrounding environment without interferences from the droplets bulk phase is described.
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Saha, Abhishek. "Evaporation, Precipitation Dynamics and Instability of Acoustically Levitated Functional Droplets." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5477.

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Evaporation of pure and binary liquid droplets is of interest in thermal sprays and spray drying of food, ceramics and pharmaceutical products. Understanding the rate of heat and mass transfer in any drying process is important not only to enhance evaporation rate or vapor-gas mixing, but also to predict and control the final morphology and microstructure of the precipitates. Acoustic levitation is an alternative method to study micron-sized droplets without wall effects, which eliminates chemical and thermal contamination with surfaces. This work uses an ultrasonic levitation technique to investigate the vaporization dynamics under radiative heating, with focus on evaporation characteristics, precipitation kinetics, particle agglomeration, structure formation and droplet stability. Timescale and temperature scales are developed to compare convective heating in actual sprays and radiative heating in the current experiments. These relationships show that simple experiments can be conducted in a levitator to extrapolate information in realistic convective environments in spray drying. The effect of acoustic streaming, droplet size and liquid properties on internal flow is important to understand as the heat and mass transfer and particle motion within the droplet is significantly controlled by internal motion. Therefore, the droplet internal flow is characterized by Particle Image Velocimetry for different dropsize and viscosity. Nanosuspension droplets suspended under levitation show preferential accumulation and agglomeration kinetics. Under certain conditions, they form bowl shaped structures upon complete evaporation. At higher concentrations, this initial bowl shaped structure morphs into a ring structure. Nanoparticle migration due to internal recirculation forms a density stratification, the location of which depends on initial particle concentration. The time scale of density stratification is similar to that of perikinetic-driven agglomeration of particle flocculation. The density stratification ultimately leads to force imbalance leading to a unique bowl-shaped structure. Chemically active precursor droplet under acoustic levitation shows events such as vaporization, precipitation and chemical reaction leading to nanoceria formation with a porous morphology. The cerium nitrate droplet undergoes phase and shape changes throughout the vaporization process followed by formation of precipitate. Ex-situ analyses using TEM and SEM reveal highly porous morphology with trapped gas pockets and nanoceria crystalline structures at 70 degree C. Inhomogeneity in acoustic pressure around the heated droplet can induce thermal instability. Short wavelength (Kelvin-Helmholtz) instability for diesel and bio-diesel droplets triggers this secondary atomization, which occurs due to relative velocity between liquid and gas phase at the droplet equator. On the other hand, liquids such as Kerosene and FC43 show uncontrollable stretching followed by a catastrophic break-up due to reduction in surface tension and viscosity coupled with inhomogeneity of pressure around the droplet. Finally, a scaling analysis has been established between vaporizing droplets in a convective and radiative environment. The transient temperature normalized by the respective scales exhibits a unified profile for both modes of heating. The analysis allows for the prediction of required laser flux in the levitator experiments to show its equivalence in a corresponding heated gas stream. The theoretical equivalence shows good agreement with experiments for a range of droplet sizes.
ID: 031001564; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Adviser: Ranganathan Kumar.; Co-adviser: Saptarshi Basu.; Title from PDF title page (viewed August 26, 2013).; Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Central Florida, 2012.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 234-250).
Ph.D.
Doctorate
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
Engineering and Computer Science
Mechanical Engineering
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Schwartz, Elliot M. (Elliot Marc). "Measurement of the surface tension of electromagnetically-levitated droplets in microgravity." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/32164.

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Stindt, Arne [Verfasser], Ulrich [Gutachter] Panne, and Klaus [Gutachter] Rademann. "Probing levitated droplets with mass spectrometry / Arne Stindt. Gutachter: Ulrich Panne ; Klaus Rademann." Berlin : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2016. http://d-nb.info/110556889X/34.

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Ai, Xin. "The instability analysis and direct numerical simulation of turbulent flows in electromagnetically levitated droplets." Online access for everyone, 2004. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/dissertations/Spring2004/x%5Fai%5F051404.pdf.

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Huo, Yunlong. "Finite element modeling of internal flow and stability of droplets levitated in electric and magnetic fields." Online access for everyone, 2005. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Summer2005/y%5Fhuo%5F083005.pdf.

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Keil, Natalie [Verfasser], Geoffrey [Akademischer Betreuer] Lee, and Geoffrey [Gutachter] Lee. "Monitoring & Analysis of Drying Processes of Acoustically Levitated Droplets / Natalie Keil ; Gutachter: Geoffrey Lee ; Betreuer: Geoffrey Lee." Erlangen : Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 2020. http://d-nb.info/1203879296/34.

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Watkins, Mark Edward. "Calcium modification of surface oxides formed on levitated iron and steel alloy droplets and related surface tension phenomena /." The Ohio State University, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487330761217245.

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Books on the topic "Levitated droplets"

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National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Staff. Electromagnetic, Heat and Fluid Flow Phenomena in Levitated Metal Droplets Both under Earthbound and Microgravity Conditions. Independently Published, 2019.

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Book chapters on the topic "Levitated droplets"

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Roth, N., K. Anders, and A. Frohn. "Examination of the Rainbow Position of Optically Levitated Droplets for the Determination of Evaporation Rates of Droplets." In Developments in Laser Techniques and Applications to Fluid Mechanics, 303–18. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79965-5_20.

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Lee, Jonghyun, Xiao Xiao, Douglas M. Matson, and Robert W. Hyers. "Characterization of Fluid Flow Inside Electromagnetically-Levitated Molten Iron-Cobalt Droplets for ISS Experiment." In TMS2013 Supplemental Proceedings, 469–76. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118663547.ch58.

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Santesson, Sabina, Eila S. Cedergren-Zeppezauer, Thomas Johansson, Thomas Laurell, Johan Nilsson, and Staffan Nilsson. "Airborn Chemistry Levitated Protein Droplets as a Novel Analytical Tool for Nucleation Screening in Macromolecular Crystallisation." In Micro Total Analysis Systems 2002, 54–57. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0295-0_18.

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Leopold, Nikolai, Michael Haberkorn, Thomas Laurell, Johan Nilsson, Josefa R. Baena, and Bernhard Lendl. "On-Line Monitoring of Airborne Chemistry in Levitated Droplets: In-Situ Synthesis and Application of SERS Active Ag-Sols for Trace Analysis by Raman Spectrosmetry." In Micro Total Analysis Systems 2002, 58–60. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0295-0_19.

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Hasegawa, Koji. "Flow Fields and Heat Transfer Associated with an Acoustically Levitated Droplet." In Acoustic Levitation, 97–119. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9065-5_6.

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Nilsson, Johan, Thomas Laurell, Maria Petersson, Sabina Santesson, Thomas Johansson, Eva Degerman, and Staffan Nilsson. "Flow-through microdispenser for liquid handling in a levitated-droplet based analyzing system." In Microreaction Technology: Industrial Prospects, 320–26. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59738-1_33.

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Conference papers on the topic "Levitated droplets"

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Clough, Justin, Michael W. Sracic, Daniel Piombino, Jonathan Braaten, Scott Connors, Nathaniel Pedigo, Vincent Prantil, and Kamlesh Suthar. "Design and Prototype of a Two-Axis Acoustic Levitator." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-66193.

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The purpose of this paper is to document the process required to design and prototype a two-axis acoustic levitator and to show that the two-axis levitator improves the stability of a particle in an acoustic levitation field. The levitator design consists of the following subsystems: the transducer assemblies, which are responsible for generating the acoustic pressure field needed for levitation; the electrical system, which is responsible for providing the transducer assemblies with adequate power to maintain levitation; and the frame structure, which is responsible for locating and rigidly supporting the transducer assemblies. The two-axis levitator is designed to have four transducers that operate at 27.2 kHz, and simulated results show that the system satisfies nearly all the design criteria and objectives. A transducer test stand and prototype were constructed to verify the design. The test stand was used to characterize all four transducers, and once the assembly was constructed the prototype operating frequency was determined to be 27.5 kHz. The prototype was used to successfully levitate Styrofoam pellets, a plastic pellet, and water droplets of various sizes. The displacement of a water droplet of approximately 1 mm in diameter was measured when levitated with both one-axis (vertical) and two-axis (vertical and horizontal) levitation. Using one-axis levitation, the water droplet displaced a maximum of 1.1 mm in the horizontal direction and 0.17 mm in the vertical direction. Using two-axis levitation, the horizontal displacement was 0.07 mm and the vertical displacement was 0.05 mm. Therefore, the two-axis acoustic levitator provides significant improvements in levitated particle stability.
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Bayazitoglu, Y., and G. Mitchell. "Surface tension measurements of acoustically levitated droplets." In National Heat Transfer Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-3517.

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Mitchell, G., and Y. Bayazitoglu. "Viscosity measurements of acoustically levitated droplets in air." In 34th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1996-236.

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Davanlou, Ashkan, and Ranganathan Kumar. "On the Lifetime of Non-Coalescent Levitated Droplets." In ASME 2015 13th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels collocated with the ASME 2015 International Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Microsystems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2015-48826.

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It is shown that a droplet will levitate over the liquid surface for 50–700 ms when released from a critical height 1.5–4 times the droplet diameter. While releasing a droplet out of this range will lead to direct submersion. Additionally, it is shown that by applying a temperature difference between the liquid pool and droplet it is possible to elongate the levitation time of that droplet as it pulls the surrounding air molecules between the drop and the pool surface. Lastly, the thickness of the air gap is calculated theoretically for a range of temperatures and compared with experiments. Surprisingly, larger temperature difference between droplet and surface causes an increase in the thickness of the air gap. It is also found that the size of droplet and type of fluid can significantly affect the lifetime of non-coalescent drops.
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5

Rao, D. Chaitanya Kumar, Awanish Pratap Singh, and Saptarshi Basu. "Video: Atomization of levitated droplets via laser-induced breakdown." In 73th Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Fluid Dynamics. American Physical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/aps.dfd.2020.gfm.v0057.

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6

Aoki, Kazuyoshi, Daisuke Hyuga, and Yutaka Abe. "Simulation for Forces on Levitated Droplet in Ultrasonic Standing Wave." In ASME/JSME 2007 5th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2007-37179.

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Under the micro-gravity environment, holding technology of liquid is important to manufacture new materials and noncontact material property measurement methods. There are previous studies about droplet levitation by the ultrasonic standing wave for the holding technology. However it is still unknown experimentally and analytically how the ultrasonic standing wave acts on the levitated droplet. In the present study, the technology to handle the material in space by the ultrasonic wave is developed and the simulation technique to evaluate the ultrasonic standing wave field and the movement of the droplet in the ultrasonic standing wave. At first, the characteristics of droplets holding by the ultrasonic standing wave under normal gravity environment and micro-gravity environment are investigated experimentally. Secondly, pressure field by ultrasonic standing wave is measured with probe microphone. The measurement shows that 2-dimensional pressure distribution is arisen between the horn and the reflector, and positions where droplets are held are near nodes of the ultrasonic standing wave. Thirdly, numerical simulation considered for compressibility of gas is conducted to clarity the characteristics of ultrasonic standing wave. The 2-dimensinal pressure distribution obtained by this simulation agrees with the measurement result by probe microphone quantitatively. Finally, droplet movement is solved using results of pressure field simulation. It is shown that 2-dimensinal pressure distribution causes horizontal holding force.
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7

Fuentes, Arturo A., and Yildiz Bayazitoglu. "Surface Tension Measurements of Non-Spherical Droplets Using Acoustic Levitation." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-55580.

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This paper deals with containerless thermophysical property measurement of deformed droplets. This work is partially motivated in the need for alternatives to study dynamic features of aggressive solvents that can damage certain instruments and/or yield incorrect results. Measurements of small-amplitude shape oscillations of droplets are carried out to obtain surface tension. The theoretical analysis, which is presented in detailed in a previous publication, studies the effect of static deformation due to an arbitrary external levitating force on the oscillations of a droplet, especially regarding the splitting of the frequency spectrum. Detailed explanation of the experimental apparatus is given. A novel experimental procedure is presented which includes the estimation of the droplet’s deformation transfer function magnitude. Experimental data and observations on the frequency splitting and surface tension of acoustically levitated samples are presented; in the initial experiments the surface tension measured came within 1% of the published values.
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8

Huo, Y., X. Ai, and B. Q. Li. "Computation and Visualizaion of 3-D Marangoni and Magnetically-Driven Flows in Droplets." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-42822.

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This paper presents a computational and visualization tool kit for the numerical modeling of 3-D Marangoni and/or magnetically-driven turbulent flows in droplets under normal and/or microgravity conditions. The computational part involves the finite element solution of steady-state and transient 3-D Marangoni flows in electrically levitated droplets and the higher order finite difference method for the direction numerical simulation of tubulences in electromagnetically levitated droplets. Both the electrically and magnetically droplets have been used for study of fundamentals governing solidification processing in normal and mcrio gravity. The visualization part is developed based on the UNIX/X-motif platform and on the advanced algorithms for multi-dimensional computer graphics. The visualization tool kit employs the algorithms for data retrieving, partitoning, sorting and searching algorithms, and 3-D/2-D object clipping. An efficient algorithm used for plane and body cutting and particle tracing is presented. The mathematical formulation used in developing the above computational tool kit, including computational and differential geometry, is also discussed. Examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the tool kit as applied to the numerical simulation and computer visualization of complex steady state and transient three-dimensional Marangoni and turbulent magnetically driven flows in free droplets.
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9

Grosshans, Holger, Matthias Griesing, Srikanth R. Gopireddy, Werner Pauer, Hans-Ulrich Moritz, and Eva Gutheil. "Numerical and Experimental Study of the Evaporation and Solid Layer Formation of a Bi-Component Droplet Under Various Drying Conditions." In ASME 2014 4th Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2014-21644.

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This paper presents a combined experimental and numerical study of the evaporation and solid layer formation of a single bi-component mannitol-water droplet in air. For spherically symmetric droplets, the problem is described mathematically by the unsteady, one-dimensional conservation equations of mass and energy. The effect of the formation of a solid layer at the droplet surface on the droplet evaporation and thermal diffusion rate is included in the present approach. The simulations are validated by comparison with experiments using acoustically levitated droplets. The study includes initial droplet diameters varying from 350 to 450 μm, gas temperatures ranging from 80 to 120 °C, and the initial mannitol mass fraction inside the droplet varies from 0.05 to 0.15. The numerical results are analyzed to identify the occurrence of solid layer formation, and the temporal evolutions of both the droplet size and mass are presented. A parameter study of the initial gas temperature, the initial droplet size, and the initial mannitol mass fraction inside the droplet on droplet evaporation and solid layer formation is presented. The present model accurately captures the initial stages of droplet drying under all conditions investigated.
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10

Tello Marmolejo, Javier, and Dag Hanstorp. "Fast evaporation of optically levitated droplets seized by Mie scattering and whispering gallery modes." In Optical Trapping and Optical Micromanipulation XVIII, edited by Kishan Dholakia and Gabriel C. Spalding. SPIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2593659.

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