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1
Lee, Jane, Lavanya Marla, and Alexandre Jacquillat. "Dynamic Disruption Management in Airline Networks Under Airport Operating Uncertainty." Transportation Science 54, no. 4 (July 2020): 973–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2020.0983.
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Air traffic disruptions result in flight delays, cancellations, passenger misconnections, and ultimately high costs to aviation stakeholders. This paper proposes a jointly reactive and proactive approach to airline disruption management, which optimizes recovery decisions in response to realized disruptions and in anticipation of future disruptions. The approach forecasts future disruptions partially and probabilistically by estimating systemic delays at hub airports (and the uncertainty thereof) and ignoring other contingent disruptions. It formulates a dynamic stochastic integer programming framework to minimize network-wide expected disruption recovery costs. Specifically, our Stochastic Reactive and Proactive Disruption Management (SRPDM) model combines a stochastic queuing model of airport congestion, a flight planning tool from Boeing/Jeppesen and an integer programming model of airline disruption recovery. We develop a solution procedure based on look-ahead approximation and sample average approximation, which enables the model’s implementation in short computational times. Experimental results show that leveraging even partial and probabilistic estimates of future disruptions can reduce expected recovery costs by 1%–2%, as compared with a myopic baseline approach based on realized disruptions alone. These benefits are mainly driven by the deliberate introduction of departure holds to reduce expected fuel costs, flight cancellations, and aircraft swaps.
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Birkie, Seyoum Eshetu, Paolo Trucco, and Pablo Fernandez Campos. "Effectiveness of resilience capabilities in mitigating disruptions: leveraging on supply chain structural complexity." Supply Chain Management: An International Journal 22, no. 6 (September 11, 2017): 506–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/scm-01-2017-0009.
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Purpose This study aims to investigate the influence of supply chain (SC) complexity on the effectiveness of resilience capabilities in mitigating SC disruptions. Hypotheses about direct and moderating influences of complexity on resilience capabilities and performance change after disruption are built and quantitatively tested. Design/methodology/approach Partial least square-based structural equation modelling with formative constructs was used as an overall approach. Secondary data on SC disruptions, related performance change and resilience practices were collected from multiple sources through a predefined procedure. The collected data were systematically encoded prior to performing statistical analysis. Findings SC structural complexity is found to have a significant positive relation with performance improvement after disruption, along with resilience capability; it also positively moderates the resilience–performance link. Research limitations/implications The SC complexity factors the authors considered in this study do not include dynamic forms because of the nature of data collected. Future research may attempt to include and test whether the results of this study also hold when additional complexity parameters are taken into account. Practical implications Managers are often trying to reduce SC complexity. This study implies that some level of complexity is beneficial also for a better recovery of operational performance affected because of disruption. Resilience capabilities become more effective when leveraged on complexity in the SC. Originality/value This is the first study to empirically investigate the influence of SC complexity on the resilience–performance link.
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Prusaczyk, Beth, Eric Lenze, Brian Carpenter, and Nancy Morrow-Howell. "Leveraging Disruptions to Create an Equitable, Age-Friendly, Learning Health System." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 290. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.1124.
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Abstract In a learning health system, the system’s own data and the experiences of its workforce are integrated with external evidence to provide better care. In an age-friendly health system, core principles of age-friendly care are integrated into every point in the system. Disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, and the innovations that addressed them, present an opportunity to discuss how these two frameworks may be combined and leveraged to transform care for older adults. We will present examples of pandemic-related disruptions, including rapid changes in how patients and providers move within and between facilities and the significant toll on healthcare workers’ mental health. We will also highlight innovative solutions to these disruptions that could transform healthcare systems. Critical to these points is a discussion of how these disruptions have disproportionately impacted healthcare workers and patients of color and how the innovations must be implemented using an anti-racist, health equity lens.
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Verghese, Anto, Xenophon Koufteros, and Baofeng Huo. "Leveraging customer benevolence for resilience: a supplier perspective." International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management 49, no. 7 (August 20, 2019): 727–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpdlm-06-2018-0217.
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PurposeWith more than half of customer-experienced disruptions attributed to first-tier suppliers, supplier resilience (SRES) is fundamental to the resilience of the supply chain. However, little is known about the relational aspects that engender SRES, from the purview of the supplier. The purpose of this paper is to examine the explanatory role of suppliers’ relationship commitment dimensions (i.e. affective and continuance), which may foster SRES through customer benevolence. Moreover, the impact of customer benevolence on SRES is examined considering varying levels of industry dynamism.Design/methodology/approachSurvey data from 207 manufacturing firms are utilized to test the hypotheses taking potential endogeneity issues into consideration.FindingsAffective and continuance commitment induce customer benevolence, which furthers SRES. Specifically, affective commitment is the most potent approach to induce customer benevolence, while the dampening effect of industry dynamism is more palpable at the higher levels of industry dynamism.Research limitations/implicationsThis study did not account for specific disruption types and the contingent effects of power asymmetry.Practical implicationsThis study empirically demonstrates that suppliers can leverage customer benevolence via relationship commitment to achieve SRES. However, the efficacy of customer benevolence to engender SRES is limited to environments not characterized by high levels of industry dynamism.Originality/valueThis paper highlights the role of relational mechanisms in achieving resilience from the purview of a supplier using survey data.
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Sincorá, Larissa Alves, Marcos Paulo Valadares de Oliveira, Hélio Zanquetto-Filho, and Marcelo Bronzo Ladeira. "Business analytics leveraging resilience in organizational processes." RAUSP Management Journal 53, no. 3 (July 9, 2018): 385–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rausp-04-2018-002.
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Purpose The survival and growth of organizations presently depend on managing processes and capabilities to effectively use large volumes of data from different sources to assist organizations’ strategic and operational goals. This paper aims to test the relationship between organizational analytical capabilities (OAC), the performance results in organizational resilience (OR) and the business process management maturity (BPMM). Design/methodology/approach Based on a survey of companies operating in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil, a conceptual model was proposed and tested using the partial least squares algorithm. Findings The results confirm the proposed theoretical hypotheses that OAC and BPMM positively impact OR. In addition, the results show that OAC exert a moderating effect on the relationship between BPMM and OR. Practical implications It is understood that stimulating the practice of data and information analysis in the organizational routine translates into a relevant managerial behavior, as this attitude leverages the knowledge development and understanding about how to manage unexpected risk events, enabling companies to assess their ability to react to disruptions, even in terms of operational failures.
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Bulgart, Hannah R., Isabella Goncalves, and Noah Weisleder. "Leveraging Plasma Membrane Repair Therapeutics for Treating Neurodegenerative Diseases." Cells 12, no. 12 (June 18, 2023): 1660. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells12121660.
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Plasma membrane repair is an essential cellular mechanism that reseals membrane disruptions after a variety of insults, and compromised repair capacity can contribute to the progression of many diseases. Neurodegenerative diseases are marked by membrane damage from many sources, reduced membrane integrity, elevated intracellular calcium concentrations, enhanced reactive oxygen species production, mitochondrial dysfunction, and widespread neuronal death. While the toxic intracellular effects of these changes in cellular physiology have been defined, the specific mechanism of neuronal death in certain neurodegenerative diseases remains unclear. An abundance of recent evidence indicates that neuronal membrane damage and pore formation in the membrane are key contributors to neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis. In this review, we have outlined evidence supporting the hypothesis that membrane damage is a contributor to neurodegenerative diseases and that therapeutically enhancing membrane repair can potentially combat neuronal death.
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Liu, Hua, and Shaobo Wei. "Leveraging interorganizational governance for bridging responses to supply chain disruptions: a polynomial regression analysis." International Journal of Operations & Production Management 41, no. 8 (June 29, 2021): 1350–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijopm-07-2020-0480.
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PurposeDrawing on the transactional cost economics (TCE) perspective, we aim to investigate the effects of the balance and imbalance between contractual and relational governance on a firm's bridging responses to supply chain disruptions. By adopting the institutionally contingent perspective, we further examine the moderating effect of cultural distance on the relationship between governance mechanisms and bridging responses.Design/methodology/approachBased on data collected from 183 firms in China, we use polynomial regression and response surface analyses to test our research model.FindingsThe bridging responses increase along with an increasing balance level between contractual and relational governance and decrease along with an increasing imbalance level between contractual and relational governance. Moreover, the positive effect of balance between contractual and relational governance is strengthened by a large cultural distance. We also find that a large cultural distance amplifies the negative effect of the combination of high relational governance and low contractual governance yet weakens that of the combination of high contractual governance and low relational governance.Originality/valueOur study provides nuanced insights into the effects of the balance and imbalance between contractual and relational governance on bridging responses and into the cultural boundary conditions under which these effects vary.
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Dahiya, Shikha, Kevin James, Kandarp Patel, Aditi Pathak, and Anoop Singh. "India’s Human Capital: The Regulatory Context for Leveraging Federalism." Indian Public Policy Review 2, no. 5 (Sep-Oct) (September 10, 2021): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.55763/ippr.2021.02.05.001.
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Investing in human capital through interventions in nutrition, health, and education is critical for achieving sustainable inclusive growth. However, despite many public interventions, India’s human capital indicators remain low, and have likely worsened from the disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. There are also significant inter-State disparities. India’s human capital interventions have been marked by growing centralisation, not just by the Centre vis-à-vis the States, but also by the States vis-à-vis local governments, that form the third tier in India’s federal structure. This growing centralisation may have misaligned incentives with respect to accountability and effective delivery of public services. Drawing from international best practices and an analysis of the constitutional scheme, a more decentralised and targeted approach within the contours of India’s federal structure may be the best way to build civil society engagement, address failures in accountability, and ultimately, improve India’s human capital outcomes.
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Bowen, Deborah J., Kelly E. Rentscher, Amy Wu, Gwen Darien, Helen Ghirmai Haile, Jeanne Mandelblatt, and Marion Kavanaugh-Lynch. "Learning from and Leveraging Multi-Level Changes in Responses to the COVID 19 Pandemic to Facilitate Breast Cancer Prevention Efforts." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 13 (June 30, 2021): 6999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18136999.
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The coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) has had multilevel effects on non-COVID-19 health and health care, including deferral of routine cancer prevention and screening and delays in surgical and other procedures. Health and health care use has also been affected by pandemic-related loss of employer-based health insurance, food and housing disruptions, and heightened stress, sleep disruptions and social isolation. These disruptions are projected to contribute to excess non-COVID-19 deaths over the coming decades. At the same time municipalities, health systems and individuals are making changes in response to the pandemic, including modifications in the environmental to promote health, implementation of telehealth platforms, and shifts towards greater self-care and using remote platforms to maintain social connections. We used a multi-level biopsychosocial model to examine the available literature on the relationship between COVID-19-related changes and breast cancer prevention to identify current gaps in knowledge and identify potential opportunities for future research. We found that COVID-19 has impacted several aspects of social and economic life, through a variety of mechanisms, including unemployment, changes in health care delivery, changes in eating and activity, and changes in mental health. Some of these changes should be reduced, while others should be explored and enhanced.
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Toba, Ange-Lionel, Liam Boire, and Timothy McJunkin. "Integrated Water-Power System Resilience Analysis in a Southeastern Idaho Irrigation District: Minidoka Case Study." Sustainability 13, no. 19 (September 30, 2021): 10906. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131910906.
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This study investigates the joint water–power system resilience of an irrigation district in southeastern Idaho. Irrigation districts face difficulties in the delivery of water to farmers under drought conditions, during equipment failures, or unplanned infrastructure disruptions. The resilience of interconnected water and power systems can be better analyzed and understood through an integrated approach, using a model that connects the dependencies between the two halves of the system. Using a multi-agent system model capturing both water and power system components, as well as their linkages, we capture the interdependencies of these systems and highlight opportunities for improvement when faced with disruptions. Through simulation scenarios, we examine the system resilience using system performance, quantified as the percentage of met demand of the power and water system, when subjected to drought water year, an unforeseen water demand increase, power outage and dam failure. Scenario results indicate that the effects of low flow years are mostly felt in the power system; unexpected increases in water demand marginally impact irrigation system performance; dams and pumps present vulnerabilities of the system, causing substantial unmet demand during disruptions. Noting the interdependencies between the water–power system halves while leveraging an integrated simulation allows for an insightful analysis of the system impacts during disruptions.
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Shetty, Dasharathraj K., Chetana Balakrishna Maddodi, B. M. Zeeshan Hameed, Milap Shah, Sufyan Ibrahim Ibrahim, Anshika Sharma, Rahul Paul, Piotr Chłosta, and Bhaskar Somani. "Leveraging Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions for Devising COVID-19 Control Strategies." Journal of Computers, Mechanical and Management 2, no. 1 (February 28, 2023): 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.57159/gadl.jcmm.2.1.23032.
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The COVID-19 Pandemic has caused unprecedented global challenges, including significant socioeconomic disruptions and the closure of schools and universities in almost all countries. Understanding the role of culture in shaping individual and societal responses to the Pandemic is crucial. This review article examines the applicability of Hofstede's cultural dimensions framework in devising effective COVID-19 control strategies. The article provides an overview of each dimension and its impact on the implementation of COVID-19 control strategies. It also includes a case analysis of four countries - India, the United Kingdom, the United States of America, and Poland - to illustrate the interplay between culture and COVID-19 control strategies. The insights provided by Hofstede's framework and the case analysis demonstrate that cultural differences can significantly impact the success of COVID-19 control strategies. By taking these differences into account, governments and public health authorities can improve the effectiveness of their COVID-19 control measures.
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Li, Max Z., Karthik Gopalakrishnan, Kristyn Pantoja, and Hamsa Balakrishnan. "Graph Signal Processing Techniques for Analyzing Aviation Disruptions." Transportation Science 55, no. 3 (May 2021): 553–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2020.1026.
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Understanding the characteristics of air-traffic delays and disruptions is critical for developing ways to mitigate their significant economic and environmental impacts. Conventional delay-performance metrics reflect only the magnitude of incurred flight delays at airports; in this work, we show that it is also important to characterize the spatial distribution of delays across a network of airports. We analyze graph-supported signals, leveraging techniques from spectral theory and graph-signal processing to compute analytical and simulation-driven bounds for identifying outliers in spatial distribution. We then apply these methods to the case of airport-delay networks and demonstrate the applicability of our methods by analyzing U.S. airport delays from 2008 through 2017. We also perform an airline-specific analysis, deriving insights into the delay dynamics of individual airline subnetworks. Through our analysis, we highlight key differences in delay dynamics between different types of disruptions, ranging from nor’easters and hurricanes to airport outages. We also examine delay interactions between airline subnetworks and the system-wide network and compile an inventory of outlier days that could guide future aviation operations and research. In doing so, we demonstrate how our approach can provide operational insights in an air-transportation setting. Our analysis provides a complementary metric to conventional aviation-delay benchmarks and aids airlines, traffic-flow managers, and transportation-system planners in quantifying off-nominal system performance.
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Mariana, Hariyati, Susi Handayani, Eni Wuryani, Insyirah Putikadea, and Azizah binti Abdullah. "Business Resilience during the Pandemic in Indonesia." International Journal of Economics, Business and Management Research 07, no. 01 (2023): 139–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.51505/ijebmr.2023.7112.
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Micro Small Medium Enterprise (SME) is one of the main contributors to a nation's gross domestic product (GDP). However, with the currentCovid-19 pandemic, it has led to business closing and travel banning disrupting the SME business supply chain. Rahman (2020) highlighted that the SMEs are experiencing sales reduction, difficulty in financing the business and facing trouble in acquiring supply as well as distributing goods during the Covid-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study is to identify the SMEs resilience strategies during this challenging time. This study has taken a quantitative exploratory approach. Data were collected using an online questionnaire survey. Results indicate that SMEs focus on product differentiation as well as cost, financing and technology processes, thus suggesting the companies are resilient to disruptions. In addition, the result suggests that leveraging technology through e-commerce and digital marketing for business products and services facilitate SMEs to survive the pandemic.
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Luers, Amy, Jennifer Garard, Asun Lera St. Clair, Owen Gaffney, Tom Hassenboehler, Lyse Langlois, Mathilde Mougeot, and Sasha Luccioni. "Leveraging Digital Disruptions for a Climate-Safe and Equitable World: The Dˆ2S Agenda: [Commentary]." IEEE Technology and Society Magazine 39, no. 2 (June 2020): 18–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mts.2020.2991495.
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Dozmorov, Mikhail G. "Disease classification: from phenotypic similarity to integrative genomics and beyond." Briefings in Bioinformatics 20, no. 5 (June 3, 2019): 1769–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bib/bby049.
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Abstract A fundamental challenge of modern biomedical research is understanding how diseases that are similar on the phenotypic level are similar on the molecular level. Integration of various genomic data sets with the traditionally used phenotypic disease similarity revealed novel genetic and molecular mechanisms and blurred the distinction between monogenic (Mendelian) and complex diseases. Network-based medicine has emerged as a complementary approach for identifying disease-causing genes, genetic mediators, disruptions in the underlying cellular functions and for drug repositioning. The recent development of machine and deep learning methods allow for leveraging real-life information about diseases to refine genetic and phenotypic disease relationships. This review describes the historical development and recent methodological advancements for studying disease classification (nosology).
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Hirschhorn, Lisa R., Nathaniel Gerthe, David E. Phillips, Oliver Rothschild, Manpreet Singh, and Agnes Binagwaho. "Lessons for responding to COVID-19, from Exemplars in Under-five Mortality Reduction." Gates Open Research 4 (August 20, 2020): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/gatesopenres.13165.1.
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COVID-19 may not have the same direct effects on children as it does on older adults, but its indirect effects still pose a threat to child health, by disrupting delivery of routine health services like immunizations. This has happened during previous crises, and early indications point towards similar disruptions due to the coronavirus pandemic. To mitigate this, countries need to build resilient health systems capable of maintaining essential maternal and child health interventions, while also responding to COVID. How can this be accomplished? To find some answers, we can learn from countries in the past who improved health outcomes in the face of challenging circumstances. Specific to child health, countries with positive-outlier performance in reducing under-five mortality provide helpful strategies. These lessons include a clear national plan that drives rapid response, leveraging existing data systems to inform decision-making, engaging communities via community health workers, and focusing on equity. Today, countries around the world are facing the challenge of responding to the pandemic while building resilient health systems that continue to deliver invaluable maternal and child health services. Studying lessons from previous success stories can help inform the road ahead.
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Mahnashi, Ibrahim, Bashir Salah, and Adham E. Ragab. "Industry 4.0 Framework Based on Organizational Diagnostics and Plan–Do–Check–Act Cycle for the Saudi Arabian Cement Sector." Sustainability 15, no. 14 (July 19, 2023): 11261. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151411261.
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Industry 4.0 (I4.0) is an extension to the three stages of industry that reshapes it into a combination of physical and digital worlds. The I4.0 paradigm shift coupled with emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI), robotics, the internet of things (IoT), autonomous vehicles, and digital twins (DTs), have brought and will continue to bring profound changes that impact entire systems across all industries. Despite I4.0’s many advantages, it also brings a host of problems and disruptions. These problems and disruptions must be identified to maximize its potential. Saudi Arabia is undergoing significant transformation as it has initiated several plans to develop the industrial sector and enhance its contribution to the national economy. Despite Saudi Arabia’s 2030 vision, the industrial sector has still not fully grasped the breadth and depth of the new revolution due to its novelty. This is particularly true in the cement industry, one of the most vital industries in the region. Due to its many unique systemic complexities, the cement industry has faced numerous challenges due to the lack of a comprehensive framework for mitigating disruptions and leveraging I4.0 benefits. Accordingly, the paper conducts an exploratory study on I4.0 for Saudi Arabian cement companies. Therefore, this paper provides an overview of I4.0 for Saudi Arabia’s cement companies. The paper analyzes key findings and proposes a plan–do–check–act (PDCA) framework for I4.0 implementation based on a system thinking approach to guide cement companies to strategically embrace the new phenomenon and maximize their key performance indicators.
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Azimian, Mahdi, Vahid Amir, Reza Habibifar, and Hessam Golmohamadi. "Probabilistic Optimization of Networked Multi-Carrier Microgrids to Enhance Resilience Leveraging Demand Response Programs." Sustainability 13, no. 11 (May 21, 2021): 5792. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13115792.
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Microgrids have emerged as a practical solution to improve the power system resilience against unpredicted failures and power outages. Microgrids offer substantial benefits for customers through the local supply of domestic demands as well as reducing curtailment during possible disruptions. Furthermore, the interdependency of natural gas and power networks is a key factor in energy systems’ resilience during critical hours. This paper suggests a probabilistic optimization of networked multi-carrier microgrids (NMCMG), addressing the uncertainties associated with thermal and electrical demands, renewable power generation, and the electricity market. The approach aims to minimize the NMCMG costs associated with the operation, maintenance, CO2e emission, startup and shutdown cost of units, incentive and penalty payments, as well as load curtailment during unpredicted failures. Moreover, two types of demand response programs (DRPs), including time-based and incentive-based DRPs, are addressed. The DRPs unlock the flexibility potentials of domestic demands to compensate for the power shortage during critical hours. The heat-power dual dependency characteristic of combined heat and power systems as a substantial technology in microgrids is considered in the model. The simulation results confirm that the suggested NMCMG not only integrates the flexibility potentials into the microgrids but also enhances the resilience of the energy systems.
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Pollack, Courtney, Maria Theodorakakis, and Mary E. Walsh. "Leveraging Integrated Student Support to Identify and Address COVID-19-Related Needs for Students, Families, and Teachers." AERA Open 7 (January 2021): 233285842110584. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23328584211058473.
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As COVID-19 shuttered schools, it created widespread student and family needs and exacerbated challenges stemming from long-standing racial and economic inequities. Here, we examine how an evidenced-based, integrated student support intervention responded to systematically identify and address the academic and nonacademic needs of students and families in 94 high-poverty, urban schools. We conduct thematic analysis of open-ended survey responses about intervention personnel’s work in spring 2020 and triangulate findings with descriptive analyses of service provision records and mid-spring estimates of crucial needs. We find that intervention schools developed specific processes to respond to immediate needs, which included resource, academic, and socioemotional support. To accomplish this, the intervention leveraged existing processes and relationships to maintain intervention-specific practices, facilitate referrals and connections to resources, and expand direct intervention for education stakeholders. Findings elucidate practices for meeting academic and nonacademic needs that affect student learning and that may arise in future schooling disruptions.
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Tefera, Gashaye Melaku, Erin Robinson, and Geunhye Park. "FAMILY CAREGIVING IN LTC SETTINGS DURING THE PANDEMIC: COMMUNICATION CHALLENGES AND LEVERAGING TECHNOLOGY." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.108.
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Abstract COVID19 related lockdown and protocols caused disruptions in family caregiving for older adults living in LTC settings. However, there is a paucity of research on the challenges and experiences of family caregivers in maintaining their caregiving role during the pandemic. Hence, this qualitative study explores family caregivers’ communication challenges and the role technology played in performing their caregiving roles. One-on-one in-depth interviews (N=25) were conducted with family caregivers (Mean age= 59.7; 92% female; 76% child) via phone/Zoom. Interviews were transcribed and thematically analyzed using Nvivo12. Findings demonstrate that family caregivers of older adults in LTC settings experienced severe communication barriers with staff at those facilities in the early onset of the pandemic, including delays of important information about their care recipients. Participants highlighted high staff turnover, inadequate training, staff unfamiliarity with technology, and poor internet connections as perpetuating communication barriers. During this time, their older care recipients experienced visual and hearing impairments that affected their ability to communicate, as well as cognitive decline. Despite this, family caregivers were able to successfully utilize various forms of technology to continue providing care supports and social support to their loved ones. Although participants relied on phone calls and email communications, they also used other platforms including Zoom, FaceTime, Nixplay, and TextNow. Participants used devices including landline phones, cellphones, computers, tablets, Ipads, and walkie-talkies to execute their communication. Implications of this study suggest that improving access and utilization of technology in LTC settings can enhance family caregiving during unprecedented events like the COVID19 pandemic.
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Caldera, Savindi, Sherif Mohamed, and Yingbin Feng. "Evaluating the COVID-19 Impacts on Sustainable Procurement: Experiences from the Australian Built Environment Sector." Sustainability 14, no. 7 (March 31, 2022): 4163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14074163.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has brought global economies to a standstill and created challenges for a variety of sectors, including housing, building and infrastructure. Many business and government organisations have experienced some form of supply chain disruption—either through suppliers going offline, a sudden spike in demand or both. While embedding sustainability in procurement is a powerful tool for bringing about positive change in an organisation’s supply chains, this global pandemic has had a myriad of impacts on these procurement processes. Through focus group discussions with industrial practitioners and government decision makers from the Australian built environment sector, this study presents their lived experiences related to COVID-19 impacts on sustainable procurement. The emergent themes are: (1) the effects of COVID-19 on sustainable procurement, (2) the rapid development of reactive procurement responses and (3) levers for post-COVID-19 sustainable procurement. In order to learn from the challenges related to COVID-19, both government and industry need to re-assess their supply chain risks and determine the supply chain design that will deliver the most resiliency in the event of another large-scale disruption. There are several key levers, including developing reliable, transparent and local supply chains, leveraging innovative tools and digital engineering approaches, creating a coalition between government and industry and assessing risks at multiple levels. This study is the first of its kind to evaluate the COVID-19 impacts on sustainable procurement in the Australian building and construction industries. Government and industry practitioners can immediately apply these actionable recommendations to overcome the impacts of the pandemic and other disruptions on sustainable procurement activities.
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Garcia, Samantha, Michelle Shin, Kylie Sloan, Emily Dang, Carlos Orellana Garcia, Lourdes Baezconde-Garbanati, Lawrence A. Palinkas, Benjamin F. Crabtree, and Jennifer Tsui. "Disruptions to and Innovations in HPV Vaccination Strategies within Safety-Net Healthcare Settings Resulting from the COVID-19 Pandemic." Healthcare 11, no. 17 (August 24, 2023): 2380. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11172380.
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The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted healthcare delivery within safety-net settings. Barriers to and facilitators of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination during the pandemic can inform future HPV vaccine strategies for underserved communities. Qualitative interviews (n = 52) between December 2020 and January 2022 in Los Angeles and New Jersey were conducted with providers, clinic leaders, clinic staff, advocates, payers, and policy-level representatives involved in the HPV vaccine process. Using the updated Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research we identified (1) outer setting barriers (i.e., vaccine hesitancy driven by social media, political views during the pandemic) and facilitators (e.g., partnerships); (2) inner setting clinic facilitators (i.e., motivation-driven clinic metrics, patient outreach, vaccine outreach events); (3) individual characteristics such as patient barriers (i.e., less likely to utilize clinic services during the pandemic and therefore, additional outreach to address missed vaccine doses are needed); (4) innovations in HPV vaccination strategies (i.e., clinic workflow changes to minimize exposure to COVID-19, leveraging new community partnerships (e.g., with local schools)); and (5) implementation strategies (i.e., multisectoral commitment to HPV goals). Pandemic setbacks forced safety-net settings to develop new vaccine approaches and partnerships that may translate to new implementation strategies for HPV vaccination within local contexts and communities.
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Liang, Shuailong, Olivia Nicol, and Yue Zhang. "Who Blames Whom in a Crisis? Detecting Blame Ties from News Articles Using Neural Networks." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 33 (July 17, 2019): 655–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.3301655.
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Blame games tend to follow major disruptions, be they financial crises, natural disasters or terrorist attacks. To study how the blame game evolves and shapes the dominant crisis narratives is of great significance, as sense-making processes can affect regulatory outcomes, social hierarchies, and cultural norms. However, it takes tremendous time and efforts for social scientists to manually examine each relevant news article and extract the blame ties (A blames B). In this study, we define a new task, Blame Tie Extraction, and construct a new dataset related to the United States financial crisis (20072010) from The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal and USA Today. We build a Bi-directional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) network for contexts where the entities appear in and it learns to automatically extract such blame ties at the document level. Leveraging the large unsupervised model such as GloVe and ELMo, our best model achieves an F1 score of 70% on the test set for blame tie extraction, making it a useful tool for social scientists to extract blame ties more efficiently.
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Gachanja, Isaac Muiruri, Stephen Irura Nganga, and Lucy Maina Kiganane. "The Moderating effect of Innovation Ecosystem on Knowledge Entrepreneurship and Innovation Performance of Manufacturing Firms in Kenya." IJEBD (International Journal Of Entrepreneurship And Business Development) 3, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 237–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.29138/ijebd.v3i3.987.
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The turbulent and highly competitive business environment has exposed firms to unprecedented uncertainties brought about by market disruptions. Organizations have attempted to thwart this menace by leveraging on innovation, but innovation activities are complex and are not always viable. The purpose of this study is therefore to examine the moderating effect of Innovation Ecosystem (IE) on the relationship between Knowledge Entrepreneurship (KE) and Innovation Performance (IP) of manufacturing firms in Kenya. The study was anchored on the complexity theory. Mixed method research was applied which utilized cross-sectional design. The target population was 828 manufacturing firms. Purposive and stratified random sampling was used to determine a sample size of 115 firms. The study found that IE has a great moderating effect between KE and IP in manufacturing firms in Kenya. Collaboration and networking between industry, research organizations and universities should be strengthened to promote IP and increase the competitiveness of firms. Further studies should investigate the nature and effects of tension that emanates as a result of knowledge leakage that occurs during interactions with the various players within the IE
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Abdel-aziem, Ayman H. Abdel, and Tamer H. M. Soliman. "Green IoT Protection: Sustainability-Driven Machine Intelligence for Malware Defense." Journal of Sustainable Development and Green Technology 2, no. 2 (2023): 44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.54216/jsdgt.020205.
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As the Internet of Things (IoT) continues to expand, the security of connected devices becomes a paramount concern. Malicious actors exploit vulnerabilities in these devices, leading to severe consequences such as data breaches, privacy infringements, and service disruptions. Traditional security measures struggle to keep pace with the evolving threat landscape, necessitating advanced solutions. In this paper, we present a pioneering approach to fortify the security of IoT environments against malware through the integration of advanced machine intelligence techniques. Our work addresses this critical concern by introducing a comprehensive Machine Intelligence Strategy designed to detect and classify malware in IoT ecosystem. Leveraging Support Vector Machines (SVM) with different kernel choices, our strategy offers a multi-faceted defense mechanism. Through extensive experimentation and evaluation on public dataset of malware images, we demonstrate the efficacy of our strategy in fortifying the guardianship of connected devices, fostering a safer and more resilient IoT ecosystem. Beyond technical contributions, our research fosters a deeper understanding of the symbiotic relationship between machine intelligence and IoT security, propelling advancements in safeguarding the ever-expanding landscape of interconnected devices.
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Litts, Breanne K., Melissa Tehee, Jennifer Jenkins, Stuart Baggaley, Devon Isaacs, Megan M. Hamilton, and Lili Yan. "Culturally disruptive research: a critical (re)engagement with research processes and teaching practices." Information and Learning Sciences 121, no. 9/10 (November 30, 2020): 769–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ils-02-2020-0019.
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Purpose As scholars, educators and policymakers recognize the impact of partnership-based research, there is a growing need for more in-depth understanding of how to conduct this work, especially with and in diverse project teams. The purpose of this paper is to provide a critical examination of adopting a culturally disruptive approach in a research–practice partnership (RPP) that includes Indigenous and non-Indigenous researchers, designers and educators who worked together to collaboratively design culturally situated experiences for sixth graders. Design/methodology/approach Following a design-based implementation research methodology, data from design and implementation are presented as two case studies to illustrate key findings. Findings Leveraging the frame of culturally disruptive pedagogy, key tensions, disruptions, self-discoveries and resulting pedagogical innovations are outlined. While the authors experienced multiple forms of disruptions as researchers, designers and educators, they focused on tracing two powerful cases of how culturally disruptive research directly and immediately resulted in pedagogical innovations. Together the cases illustrate a broader shift toward interdependence that the team experienced over the course of the school year. Research limitations/implications A new frame for conducting culturally disruptive research is presented. Both the theoretical application and practical implementation of this frame demonstrate its usefulness in conceptualizing culturally situated research through cultivating an uncomfortable yet generative interdependence. Practical implications Findings include examples and strategies for how to practically conduct multi-sector, interdisciplinary research and teaching. Scholars and educators share their stories which illustrate the practical impact of this work. Originality/value Critical insights presented in this paper build on and contribute to the growing body of work around RPPs, community-based research and other critical partnership methods.
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Lim, Tristan, Tao Pan, Chin Sin Ong, Shuaiwei Chen, and Jie Jun Jeremy Chia. "Theory-Guided Analytics Process: Using Theories to Underpin an Analytics Process for New Banking Product Development Using Segmentation-Based Marketing Analytics Leveraging on Marketing Intelligence." Analytics 2, no. 1 (February 1, 2023): 105–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/analytics2010007.
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Retail banking is undergoing considerable product competitiveness and disruptions. New product development is necessary to tackle such challenges and reinvigorate product lines. This study presents an instrumental real-life banking case study, where marketing analytics was utilized to drive a product differentiation strategy. In particular, the study applied unsupervised machine learning techniques of link analysis, latent class analysis, and association analysis to undertake behavioral-based market segmentation, in view of attaining a profitable competitive advantage. To underpin the product development process with well grounded theoretical framing, this study asked the research question: “How may we establish a theory-driven approach for an analytics-driven process?” Findings of this study include a theoretical conceptual framework that underpinned the end-to-end segmentation-driven new product development process, backed by the empirical literature. The study hopes to provide: (i) for managerial practitioners, the use of case-based reasoning for practice-oriented new product development design, planning, and diagnosis efforts, and (ii) for researchers, the potentiality to test of the validity and robustness of an analytical-driven NPD process. The study also hopes to drive a wider research interest that studies the theory-driven approach for analytics-driven processes.
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Attarha, Shadi, Anand Narayan, Batoul Hage Hassan, Carsten Krüger, Felipe Castro, Davood Babazadeh, and Sebastian Lehnhoff. "Virtualization Management Concept for Flexible and Fault-Tolerant Smart Grid Service Provision." Energies 13, no. 9 (May 2, 2020): 2196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13092196.
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In modern power systems, reliable provision of grid services (e.g., primary and ancillary services) are highly dependent on automation systems in order to have monitoring, processing, decision making and communication capabilities. The operational flexibility of automation systems is essential for the reliable operation of power systems during and after disruptive events. However, this is restricted by integrated hardware-software platforms. Therefore, it will be difficult to reconfigure control strategies during run time. This paper presents the concept of Grid Function Virtualization (GFV) as a potential approach to improve the operational flexibility of grid automation systems. GFV has been proposed to offer a new way to deploy and manage grid services by leveraging virtualization technology. The main idea of GFV is to run grid services (i.e., software implementation of services) independently from underlying hardware. To realize the important design considerations, the GFV architecture and its building blocks is elaborated in details. To this end, an exhaustive review of applications of virtualization in several domains is provided to show the importance of virtualization in improving flexibility and resource utilization. Finally, the advantages of the proposed concept to deal with disruptions in power systems is demonstrated in a proof of concept based on a CIGRE MV benchmark grid.
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Mishra, Durga Das, and S. Vijayakumar Bharathi. "Towards a Conceptual Framework of IT Operating Model and its Implications for Emerging Practices in Information Technology." Australasian Accounting, Business and Finance Journal 17, no. 1 (2023): 151–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.14453/aabfj.v17i1.13.
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This paper is to establish a fit-for-purpose conceptual framework for the IT Operating model to handle emerging requirements in IT. Currently, there is no standard one size fits all kind of Operating Model. This paper brings a flexible IT Operating model to address emerging requirements. We examined today's various IT operating models suggested by Institutions and experts. Based on our study, we have proposed a conceptual framework for the IT Operating Model by carefully analysing the dimensions and mapping them to elements of IT Strategy and Operations discussed in this paper, giving an adaptive framework that can address various requirements. Our research shows a dearth of consistent framework and definition of an IT Operating Model. Hence, we see many facets of the operating model of organizations. Research, Advisory, and Consulting firms have given definitions and articulated the IT operating model to resolve this challenge. However, they need to be more consistent and address diverse requirements. This paper introduces a conceptual framework of the operating model to address the requirements of digital technology-related disruptions. This paper extends the existing body of knowledge around emerging IT Operating Models, and enhances it to create a conceptual framework. In doing this, we have also tried leveraging the existing knowledge body.
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Breideband, Thomas, Gonzalo J. Martinez, Poorna Talkad Sukumar, Megan Caruso, Sidney D'Mello, Aaron D. Striegel, and Gloria Mark. "Sleep Patterns and Sleep Alignment in Remote Teams during COVID-19." Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 6, CSCW2 (November 7, 2022): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3555217.
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Working remotely from home during the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in significant shifts and disruptions in the personal and work lives of millions of information workers and their teams. We examined how sleep patterns---an important component of mental and physical health---relates to teamwork. We used wearable sensing and daily questionnaires to examine sleep patterns, affect, and perceptions of teamwork in 71 information workers from 22 teams over a ten-week period. Participants reported delays in sleep onset and offset as well as longer sleep duration during the pandemic. A similar shift was found in work schedules, though total work hours did not change significantly. Surprisingly, we found that more sleep was negatively related to positive affect, perceptions of teamwork, and perceptions of team productivity. However, a greater misalignment in the sleep patterns of members in a team predicted positive affect and teamwork after accounting for individual differences in sleep preferences. A follow-up analysis of exit interviews with participants revealed team-working conventions and collaborative mindsets as prominent themes that might help explain some of the ways that misalignment in sleep can affect teamwork. We discuss implications of sleep and sleep misalignment in work-from-home contexts with an eye towards leveraging sleep data to facilitate remote teamwork.
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Awopegba T. M., Fayose C. A., and Adeboye K. A. "CROP MANAGEMENT INNOVATIONS FOR CLIMATE CHANGE RESILIENCE IN THE POST-PANDEMIC ERA: A REVIEW." International Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Research 08, no. 06 (2022): 752–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.51193/ijaer.2022.8604.
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The wavering nature of environmental conditions caused by human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and agricultural practices has resulted in global warming, a significant increase in average temperature, deepened by increasingly intensive agriculture, deforestation and increased use of fossil fuels. This often-unsafe anthropogenic interference with the environment has resulted in climate change with many negative impacts, such as, extreme weather phenomena, drought, fires, death of animal and plant species, and disruptions of food chain and destruction of agricultural resources. Therefore, there is a need to embrace environmentally sound crop management innovations to mitigate the negative impacts of climate change on agriculture in the post-pandemic era. To sustain food security propelled by crop management innovations, climate smart agriculture (CSA) and climate resilient sustainable agriculture (CRSA) have to be employed. There is a need for agriculturists to develop crop management innovations that will tackle climate change negative impacts on man, animal and environment by leveraging more on technological innovations through scientific research. Access to good and affordable food products is important to boost herd immune and combat this COVID-19 virus spread within the population. This could only be realized by ensuring proper adaptation of agricultural production to the impacts of the prevailing and imminent climate change scenarios in the post-pandemic era.
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Daizadeh, Iraj. "Leveraging latent persistency in the United States patent and trademark applications to gain insight into the evolution of an innovation-driven economy." Iberoamerican Journal of Science Measurement and Communication 1, no. 3 (August 6, 2021): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.47909/ijsmc.32.
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Objective: An understanding of when one or more external factors may influence the evolution of innovation tracking indices (such as US patent and trademark applications (PTA)) is an important aspect of examining economic progress/regress. Using exploratory statistics, the analysis uses a novel tool to leverage the long-range dependency (LRD) intrinsic to PTA to resolve when such factor(s) may have caused significant disruptions in the evolution of the indices, and thus give insight into substantive economic growth dynamics. Approach: This paper explores the use of the Chronological Hurst Exponent (CHE) to explore the LRD using overlapping time windows to quantify long-memory dynamics in the monthly PTA time-series spanning 1977 to 2016. Results/Discussion: The CHE is found to increase in a clear S-curve pattern, achieving persistence (H~1) from non-persistence (H~0.5). For patents, the inflection occurred over a span of 10 years (1980-1990), while it was much sharper (3 years) for trademarks (1977-1980). Conclusions/Originality/Value: This analysis suggests (in part) that the rapid augmentation in R&D expenditure and the introduction of the various patent directed policy acts (e.g., Bayh-Dole, Stevenson-Wydler) are the key impetuses behind persistency, latent in PTA. The post-1990’s exogenic factors seem to be simply maintaining the high degree and consistency of the persistency metric. These findings suggest investigators should consider latent persistency when using these data and the CHE may be an important tool to investigate the impact of substantive exogenous variables on growth dynamics.
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Pappano, Catherine, Vicki Fung, Maura Barry, Tanya Zucconi, Jing Chen, and Kelly Irwin. "Developing a population health tool to identify patients with serious mental illness at cancer diagnosis." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 31_suppl (November 1, 2019): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.31_suppl.82.
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82 Background: Individuals with serious mental illness (SMI) experience increased cancer mortality and are less likely to receive timely cancer care. Despite increasing recognition that psychosocial care is essential for quality cancer care, mental illness remains underrecognized and undertreated. Involving psychiatry early may prevent cancer care disruptions. We developed an EHR-based algorithm to identify patients with SMI and cancer who may benefit from targeted interventions. Methods: We utilized structured codes from a widely-used, commercial EHR to identify patients with preexisting SMI and new breast, lung, head/neck, and gastrointestinal cancers seen in the Massachusetts General Cancer Center. We developed and refined an algorithm using ICD-10 diagnostic codes, medical history, appointment types, and consultations from across the health system. The algorithm updates every 24 hours to facilitate rapid intervention. We embedded a classification system to prioritize high-risk subgroups and key time points. We validated psychiatric diagnoses, cancer types, and appointments by randomly selecting 20 charts within each category and conducting a manual chart review. Results: Over 60 days from May to July 2019, the center saw 7674 patients in breast, thoracic, head/neck, and gastrointestinal oncology including 1674 patients (22%) with documented SMI. We identified 69 people (0.9%) with psychotic disorders, 111 (1.4%) with bipolar disorder, and 1,494 (19.5%) with major depression. Among patients with major depression, we prioritized recurrent major depression (N = 199), inpatient psychiatry consultation (N = 84), alcohol use disorders (N = 77), and opioid use disorders (N = 25). SMI was well-represented across cancers including 24% (916/3,815) of patients seen in breast, 25% (291/1,164) of thoracic, 24% (180/738) of head/neck, and 15% (287/1,956) of gastrointestinal oncology. Conclusions: We developed an EHR-based tool that identified a substantial population with SMI and cancer, prioritizing subgroups at high risk of cancer care disruptions. Leveraging data in the EHR is a feasible and promising strategy to detect a vulnerable population in need of targeted psychosocial interventions. Clinical trial information: NCT03360695.
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Amjath, Mohamed, Laoucine Kerbache, James MacGregor Smith, and Adel Elomri. "Optimisation of Buffer Allocations in Manufacturing Systems: A Study on Intra and Outbound Logistics Systems Using Finite Queueing Networks." Applied Sciences 13, no. 17 (August 23, 2023): 9525. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13179525.
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Optimal buffer allocations can significantly improve system throughput by managing variability and disruptions in manufacturing or service operations. Organisations can minimise waiting times and bottlenecks by strategically placing buffers along the flow path, leading to a smoother and more efficient production or service delivery process. Determining the optimal size of buffers poses a challenging dilemma, as it involves balancing the cost of buffer allocation, system throughput, and waiting times at each service station. This paper presents a framework that utilises finite queueing networks for performance analysis and optimisation of topologies, specifically focusing on buffer allocations. The proposed framework incorporates a finite closed queuing network to model the intra-logistics material transfer process and a finite open queueing network to model the outbound logistics process within a manufacturing setup. The generalised expansion method (GEM) is employed to calculate network performance measures of the system, considering the blocking phenomenon. Discrete event simulation (DES) models are constructed using simulation software, integrating optimisation configurations to determine optimal buffer allocations to maximise system throughput. The findings of this study have significant implications for decision-making processes and offer opportunities to enhance the efficiency of manufacturing systems. By leveraging the proposed framework, organisations can gain valuable insights into supply chain performance, identify potential bottlenecks, and optimise buffer allocations to achieve improved operational efficiency and overall system throughput.
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Hao, Scarlett, Patrycja Popowicz, Jack Iasiello, Christopher Mejia, Ashley Wercholuk, Alexander A. Parikh, and Rebecca A. Snyder. "A feasibility study of leveraging the electronic health record to measure social determinants of health in patients with gastrointestinal cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 40, no. 4_suppl (February 1, 2022): 666. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2022.40.4_suppl.666.
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666 Background: Social determinants of health (SDOH) or circumstances influenced by a patient's neighborhood, social, political, and economic environment are not routinely assessed, and the prevalence and burden of individual SDOH needs among patients with cancer is not well-understood. The primary study aim was to evaluate feasibility of implementation of an electronic health record (EHR) instrument designed to measure SDOH into routine clinical practice. Methods: A prospective study was performed of all adult patients with gastrointestinal malignancy presenting to a regional cancer center for initial evaluation (11/2020-7/2021). An SDOH screening was administered by a nurse navigator or social worker or medical student using the EHR. Primary outcome measures included % eligible patients screened, median clinic visit time compared to historical control, and acceptability to the inter-professional care team. Secondary outcomes included the number of identified SDOH needs per patient and subsequent interventions. Results: Of 118 eligible patients, 113 (95.8%) were successfully screened for SDOH. Nearly half self-identified as Black (40.7%; n = 46) and the remainder White (58.4%; n = 66); 4.4% (n = 5) were uninsured and 17.7% (n = 20) Medicaid-insured. Median visit time was 97 minutes (95%CI 70-107) before implementation and 100 minutes after (95%CI 75-119; p = 0.95). Team members reported no significant clinic disruptions and were supportive of ongoing use. Most patients had 2-3 total needs with 1-2 moderate or 1-2 severe needs. In addition, 21 patients had 4 total needs and 13 patients had 5 or more needs. Most common severe needs included physical activity (n = 62), stress (n = 55), tobacco use (n = 23), and food insecurity (n = 9). Most common moderate needs included social connections (n = 76), tobacco use (n = 44), physical activity (n = 21), and financial strain (n = 12). Resources were offered to 20 patients (17.6%) to address SDOH needs. Conclusions: Routine collection of SDOH in an outpatient oncology setting using an EHR instrument is feasible and non-disruptive to workflow. Further investigation to determine if standardized SDOH assessment can improve cancer care delivery on an individual and population level is ongoing.
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Athiyaman, Anithasree, Tosin Ajayi, Faith Mutuku, Fredrick Luwaga, Sarah Bryer, Omotayo Giwa, Shadrack Mngemane, Nnang Nadege Edwige, and Leslie Berman. "Recovering from the Unprecedented Backsliding in Immunization Coverage: Learnings from Country Programming in Five Countries through the Past Two Years of COVID-19 Pandemic Disruptions." Vaccines 11, no. 2 (February 7, 2023): 375. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11020375.
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Between 2020 and 2021, the COVID-19 pandemic severely strained health systems across countries, leaving millions without access to essential healthcare services. Immunization programs experienced a ‘double burden’ of challenges: initial pandemic-related lockdowns disrupted access to routine immunization services, while subsequent COVID-19 vaccination efforts shifted often limited resources away from routine services. The latest World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) estimates suggest that 25 million children did not receive routine vaccinations in 2021, six million more than in 2019 and the highest number witnessed in nearly two decades. Recovering from this sobering setback requires a united push on several fronts. Intensifying the catch-up of routine immunization services is critical to reach children left behind during the pandemic and bridge large immunity gaps in countries. At the same time, we must strengthen the resilience of immunization systems to withstand future pandemics if we hope to achieve the goals of Immunization Agenda 2030 to ensure vaccinations are available for everyone, everywhere by 2030. In this article, leveraging the key actions for sustainable global immunization progress as a framework, we spotlight examples of strategies used by five countries—Cambodia, Cameroon, Kenya, Nigeria, and Uganda—who have exhibited exemplar performance in strengthening routine immunization programs and restored lost coverage levels in the last two years of the COVID-19 pandemic. The contents of this article will be helpful for countries seeking to maintain, restore, and strengthen their immunization services and catch up missed children in the context of pandemic recovery and to direct their focus toward building back a better resilience of their immunization systems to respond more rapidly and effectively, despite new and emerging challenges.
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Kirby, Joseph, John R. Wingender, and Natalie Gerhart. "The Impact On Firm Value Of Announcements Of The Appointment Of An Information Technology Officer (Cxo) To The C-Suite." International Journal of Business & Management Studies 03, no. 12 (December 15, 2022): 26–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.56734/ijbms.v3n12a2.
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Technology-enabled disruptions have created challenges for firms in all industries and often originate from firms outside a firm's known competitors. Senior technology executives are often charged with leading the firm's response to these competitive threats, leveraging technology to drive innovation and create value. In recent years, senior technology leaders have emerged in the Top Management Teams (TMT), including the traditional roles of Chief Information Officer and Chief Technology Officer, and the emerging roles of Chief Data Officer, Chief Digital Officer, and Chief Innovation Officer, collectively referred to as CxOs. Researchers have begun examining the impact of CxOs using event study methodology and comparative studies of firm performance against peer groups. This research examines the impact of the presence of a CxO on firm outcomes with an event study, using, for the first time, the Fama-French 5 Factor model to examine announcements of CxO appointments, and finds that the firm announcements of CxO appointments result in significantly negative abnormal returns. This research adds to the growing research on how firms create value across both traditional and emerging CxO roles, identifying the role, firm, and industry factors that influence value judgments and the subsequent market reactions to a firm's announcement of the appointment of a CxO. The firm announcement of a CxO appointment appears to be perceived as a sign of potential instability, and therefore a risk to the important business/technology integration of these important roles.
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J, Mr Jegan Amarnath, Raizudeen S, and Kiran Kumar S. "Passenger Alert Application." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 5 (May 31, 2023): 4893–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.52776.
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Abstract: This paper describes the creation of an intelligent real-time interactive public transport application. The application focuses on enhancing the user experience and improving communication among passengers. The main features of the application include a chat module that enables users to have conversations, facilitating the exchange of information and providing a platform for passengers to inform others about any issues or disruptions in the public transportation system. Additionally, the application incorporates an alarm module designed to alert or awaken passengers from their sleep or quick naps when the bus enters a buffer zone, indicating that their destination is approaching.By leveraging real-time data and intelligent algorithms, the application enhances the overall quality of public transportation services. The chat module promotes community engagement and empowers passengers to actively contribute to the improvement of the system's reliability and efficiency. Furthermore, the alarm module serves as a valuable tool for passengers, ensuring they are informed and prepared as their destination approaches, thus minimizing the risk of missing their stop.The development of this intelligent application addresses the growing need for efficient and user-centric public transportation solutions. It harnesses the power of real-time data and interactive communication to create a seamless and reliable travel experience for passengers. The findings and insights from this project contribute to the advancement of intelligent transportation systems, offering practical solutions to the challenges faced by public transportation networks worldwide.
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Haase, Jacob, Talia A. Gebhard, Qi Liu, Sara G. Bernabé, Jingzhu Hao, Chisom Unegbu, Athanasios Bikas, Jun Qi, and Iñigo Landa. "Abstract 3068: CREBBP/EP300 disruption promotes tumor progression and confers synthetic lethality in anaplastic thyroid cancers." Cancer Research 83, no. 7_Supplement (April 4, 2023): 3068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-3068.
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Abstract Anaplastic thyroid cancers (ATC) are fast-growing, undifferentiated tumors and almost invariably fatal, primarily due to the lack of effective therapeutic options. The recent approval of dabrafenib plus trametinib for the treatment of BRAFV600E-mutant ATCs improved the prognosis of a subset of patients, but ineligibility and acquired resistance still limit their use. Overall, ATC patients remain in great need of tailored therapeutic options. We previously showed that loss-of-function alterations targeting histone acetyltransferase (HAT) genes, namely CREBBP and EP300, occur in 15-20% of ATCs, but only in <1% of their well-differentiated counterparts. What remains unknown are the specific mechanisms by which HAT disruptions perturb chromatin architecture, impact gene homeostasis, and unleash cellular processes in these aggressive tumors. We are assessing the HAT-mediated thyroid cancer progression. CREBBP/EP300 knockouts enhanced thyroid cancer cell proliferation in vitro and induced thyroid gland growth in a thyroid-specific mouse model of HAT loss. We are leveraging these animals to characterize the in vivo effects of Crebbp/Ep300 knockout, alone or in combination with BrafV600E, in thyroid cancer phenotypes and epigenetic reconfiguration. In addition, we are exploiting the molecular consequences of HAT loss to explore tailored treatments. CRISPR/Cas9 screens identified a mutual CREBBP/EP300-dependency of HAT-mutant human cancer cell models. Our experiments in thyroid cancer cells employing CREBBP/EP300-targeting proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC) compounds specifically degraded these proteins and decreased histone acetylation. Our findings prove the oncogenicity of HAT loss in thyroid cancer progression and support exploring synthetic lethality dependencies in CREBBP/EP300-mutant ATCs. In summary, we provide pre-clinical basis to inform genomics-driven and mechanism-oriented decisions for the clinical management of patients with HAT-altered ATC. Citation Format: Jacob Haase, Talia A. Gebhard, Qi Liu, Sara G. Bernabé, Jingzhu Hao, Chisom Unegbu, Athanasios Bikas, Jun Qi, Iñigo Landa. CREBBP/EP300 disruption promotes tumor progression and confers synthetic lethality in anaplastic thyroid cancers [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 3068.
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Xiong, Jiangmei, Yulin Hswen, and John A. Naslund. "Digital Surveillance for Monitoring Environmental Health Threats: A Case Study Capturing Public Opinion from Twitter about the 2019 Chennai Water Crisis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 14 (July 14, 2020): 5077. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17145077.
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Globally, water scarcity has become a common challenge across many regions. Digital surveillance holds promise for monitoring environmental threats to population health due to severe drought. The 2019 Chennai water crisis in India resulted in severe disruptions to social order and daily life, with local residents suffering due to water shortages. This case study explored public opinion captured through the Twitter social media platform, and whether this information could help local governments with emergency response. Sentiment analysis and topic modeling were used to explore public opinion through Twitter during the 2019 Chennai water crisis. The latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) method identified topics that were most frequently discussed. A naïve Tweet classification method was built, and Twitter posts (called tweets) were allocated to identified topics. Topics were ranked, and corresponding emotions were calculated. A cross-correlation was performed to examine the relationship between online posts about the water crisis and actual rainfall, determined by precipitation levels. During the Chennai water crisis, Twitter users posted content that appeared to show anxiety about the impact of the drought, and also expressed concerns about the government response. Twitter users also mentioned causes for the drought and potential sustainable solutions, which appeared to be mainly positive in tone. Discussion on Twitter can reflect popular public opinion related to emerging environmental health threats. Twitter posts appear viable for informing crisis management as real-time data can be collected and analyzed. Governments and public health officials should adjust their policies and public communication by leveraging online data sources, which could inform disaster prevention measures.
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Rathore, Rishabh, Jitesh J. Thakkar, and Jitendra Kumar Jha. "A quantitative risk assessment methodology and evaluation of food supply chain." International Journal of Logistics Management 28, no. 4 (November 13, 2017): 1272–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlm-08-2016-0198.
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Purpose The food supply chain is exposed to severe environmental and social issues with serious economic consequences. The identification and assessment of risk involved in the food supply chain can help to overcome these challenges. In response, the purpose of this paper is to develop a risk assessment framework for a typical food supply chain. Design/methodology/approach An integrated methodology of grey analytical hierarchy process and grey technique for order preference by similarity to the ideal solution is proposed for developing a comprehensive risk index. The opinion of the experts is used to illustrate an application of the proposed methodology for the risk assessment of the food supply chain in India. Findings Valuable insights and recommendations are drawn from the results, which are helpful to the practitioners working at strategic and tactical levels in the food supply chain for minimising the supply chain disruptions. Research limitations/implications The risk quantification for the case organisation is primarily based on inputs collected from the experts working for Indian food supply chain, and so the generalisation of the results is limited to the context of developing countries. However, the generalisability of the proposed risk quantification methodology and key insights developed in the food supply chain will assist practitioners in policy making. Practical implications The risk priorities established by this research would enable an implementation of systematic risk mitigation strategies and deployment of necessary resources for leveraging the efficiency of food supply chain. Originality/value Specifically, this research has delivered a risk quantification framework and strengthened the inquiry of risk management for the food supply chain.
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Chatziamanetoglou, Dimitrios, and Konstantinos Rantos. "Blockchain-Based Security Configuration Management for ICT Systems." Electronics 12, no. 8 (April 16, 2023): 1879. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12081879.
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The world has become increasingly dependent on large-scale and distributed information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructures and systems in sectors such as energy, transport, banking, healthcare, water supply, and digital services, while their protection is considered of paramount importance and has already drawn remarkable attention from governments and key industry players. Establishing common approaches by leveraging existing frameworks and cyber security practices for improving the security postures of those systems is one of the major objectives for ensuring an adequate level of protection and avoiding the detrimental effects of disruptions on society and citizens. Configuration management (CM) is one of those common practices for establishing and maintaining the integrity and consistency of a system and its elements with regard to the function, performance, and status of technical and physical attributes, and it contributes to a desirable security posture throughout the lifecycle of a system. This study addresses the importance of CM, and while considering the corresponding frameworks, standards, and best practices, it proposes a permissioned blockchain-based approach, that inherits the benefits of the blockchain technology and ensures the integrity of the systems’ configuration across the complete lifecycle management of its products and services as an underlying model for mapping and integrating CM functions. Furthermore, this study briefly presents the benefits and challenges of the application of permissioned blockchain models and proposes a smart-contract-based role-based access control mechanism, in addition to presenting an operating concept based on brief but real-life lifecycle requirements of organizational configuration management.
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Chiu, Calvin, Anne Wong, Odette Melvin, Jessica Vernon, Jenny X. Liu, Sandra I. McCoy, and Laura J. Packel. "Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on sales of sexual and reproductive health products: an ecological study of pharmacies in Kenya." BMJ Open 13, no. 6 (June 2023): e068222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-068222.
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ObjectivesTo examine how sales of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) products varied among pharmacies in Kenya using administrative data, leveraging natural variation in the COVID-19 pandemic and accompanying policy restrictions between 2019 and 2021.Design and settingEcological study of pharmacies in Kenya.Participants761 pharmacies using the Maisha Meds product inventory management system (capturing 572 916 products sold).OutcomesSales quantity, price and revenue of SRH products sold per pharmacy per week.ResultsCOVID-19 deaths were associated with a −2.97% (95% CI −3.82%, −2.11%) decrease in sales quantity, a 1.09% (95% CI 0.44%, 1.72%) increase in sales price and a −1.89% (−1.00%, −2.79%) decrease in revenues per pharmacy per week. Results were similar when considering new COVID-19 cases (per 1000) and the Average Policy Stringency Index. Results differed substantially between individual SRH products—a large decrease in sales quantity in pregnancy tests, injectables and emergency contraception, a modest decrease in condoms and no change in oral contraception. Sales price increases were similarly varied; four of the five most sold products were revenue neutral.ConclusionsWe found a robust negative association between SRH sales at pharmacies in Kenya and COVID-19 reported cases, deaths and policy restriction. Although our data cannot definitively point to reduced access, existing evidence from Kenya regarding unchanged fertility intentions, increases in unintended pregnancies and reported reasons for non-use of contraceptives during COVID-19 suggests a prominent role of reduced access. While policymakers may have a role in sustaining access, their role may be limited by broader macroeconomic problems, such as global supply chain disruptions and inflation, during supply shocks.
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Marcinow, Michelle, Jane Sandercock, Lauren Cadel, Harprit Singh, Sara J. T. Guilcher, Penny Dowedoff, Alies Maybee, Susan Law, Carol Fancott, and Kerry Kuluski. "A qualitative study exploring how patient engagement activities were sustained or adapted in Canadian healthcare organizations during the COVID-19 pandemic." PLOS ONE 18, no. 3 (March 16, 2023): e0282890. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0282890.
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Background The COVID-19 pandemic caused disruptions across healthcare systems globally exposing the precarious state of patient engagement across all levels of healthcare. While evidence is emerging to describe how engagement was affected across various settings, insights about how some organizations at the policy and practice level of healthcare were able to sustain or adapt patient engagement activities is lacking. Objective This paper addresses the following research question: “How were healthcare, government, and patient partner organizations able to sustain or adapt patient engagement activities during the COVID-19 pandemic?” Methods A qualitative descriptive study was conducted to understand how patient engagement activities were maintained or adapted in a variety of healthcare, government, and patient partner organizations in Canada throughout the pandemic. This analysis was part of a larger qualitative, multiple case study where one-to-one interviews were conducted with organizational leaders, managers and patient partners. Results The following themes were identified as key aspects of maintaining or adapting patient engagement activities: 1) having an embedded organizational culture of patient engagement; 2) adapting patient engagement activities to focus on COVID-19 response efforts; 3) having patient partners who exercised leadership and advocacy to support patient care and experiences during the pandemic; and 4) leveraging virtual technology as a communication tool to engage patient partners. Conclusion This paper highlights important insights that may be useful to other health care organizations on how to sustain or adapt patient engagement activities during a healthcare crisis. Having patient engagement embedded within an organization’s culture supported by, but not limited to, infrastructure, resources, investments in dedicated staff and patient partner leadership, and communication strategies and tools enabled continued patient engagement activities during the pandemic.
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Guo, Ziyuan, Qingyi Lin, and Xuhui Meng. "A Comparative Study on Deep Learning Models for COVID-19 Forecast." Healthcare 11, no. 17 (August 26, 2023): 2400. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11172400.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a global health crisis with significant morbidity, mortality, and socioeconomic disruptions. Understanding and predicting the dynamics of COVID-19 are crucial for public health interventions, resource allocation, and policy decisions. By developing accurate models, informed public health strategies can be devised, resource allocation can be optimized, and virus transmission can be reduced. Various mathematical and computational models have been developed to estimate transmission dynamics and forecast the pandemic’s trajectories. However, the evolving nature of COVID-19 demands innovative approaches to enhance prediction accuracy. The machine learning technique, particularly the deep neural networks (DNNs), offers promising solutions by leveraging diverse data sources to improve prevalence predictions. In this study, three typical DNNs, including the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network, Physics-informed Neural Network (PINN), and Deep Operator Network (DeepONet), are employed to model and forecast COVID-19 spread. The training and testing data used in this work are the global COVID-19 cases in the year of 2021 from the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University. A seven-day moving average as well as the normalization techniques are employed to stabilize the training of deep learning models. We systematically investigate the effect of the number of training data on the predicted accuracy as well as the capability of long-term forecast in each model. Based on the relative L2 errors between the predictions from deep learning models and the reference solutions, the DeepONet, which is capable of learning hidden physics given the training data, outperforms the other two approaches in all test cases, making it a reliable tool for accurate forecasting the dynamics of COVID-19.
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Sopha, Bertha Maya, Ary Arvianto, and Benny Tjahjono. "Survival strategies of traditional retailers during the COVID-19 pandemic: Some insights from a developing country." Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management 15, no. 2 (March 9, 2022): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3926/jiem.3698.
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Purpose: The paper aims to report the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and investigate survival strategies during the pandemic of traditional retailers.Design/methodology/approach: Exploratory methodology consisting of the literature review and an empirical study was conducted. The theoretical framework of resilience strategy was built to provide a guideline for the empirical study. The empirical study involves a longitudinal study with 30 traditional retailers located in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The empirical data was collected using semi-structured interviews in mid-2019 and mid-2020, corresponding to the condition before and during the pandemic. Secondary data sources were also examined to refine the empirical evidence.Findings: The findings confirm that the pandemic has created disruptions in supply and demand, subsequently affecting operations. 90% of the traditional retailers experienced demand reduction, which varied among the retailers (M = 47%, SD = 25%), and 10% of the traditional retailers have not received any profit. The majority of the traditional retailer adopted reactive rather than proactive strategies. To cope with the pandemic, the traditional retailers have focused on efficient strategies and implemented exploitation-oriented strategies combined with exploration-oriented strategies. Trust and social capital were also discovered to explain the reasons behind the resiliency and sustainability of the traditional retailers.Research limitations/implications: Due to the preliminary and explorative nature of the present study, the generality of the findings may therefore be limited. Future research focusing on quantitative analysis using a large sample helps to achieve the generality of the findings.Practical implications: Because the strategies implemented in large enterprises (LEs) usually do not fit in micro-, small-, and medium enterprises (MSMEs), exploring strategies that are consistent with the characteristics of MSMEs and leverage their potentials is necessary. Building ambidextrous retailers through leveraging social capital/network and informal forum, exploiting affordable technology (e.g., social media, marketplace), and honing innovativeness is a way to survive in a dynamic environment.Social implications: Because the traditional retailers have contributed to economic development and social function, the government should empower them to leverage their capabilities through training and strengthen their business ecosystem through collective actions.Originality/value: The study contributes to the resilience body of knowledge concerning the strategies implemented by the traditional retailers during a long and unpredictable disruption in a developing country setting, which is scarce in the literature.
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Xu, Jing, Zhenjian Zeng, Yu Hong, Zhenhua Xi, Xiting Zhu, and Zhencong Peng. "Grassroots Mirroring under COVID-19: Does Community Resilience Affect Residents’ Responses? The Case of Shenzhen, China." Sustainability 14, no. 16 (August 16, 2022): 10159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141610159.
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In the face of the sudden outbreak of COVID-19, the community has played a large role in stemming the impact of COVID-19, and community resilience has become a key part of community governance. Community resilience is the ability of a community to respond effectively to risk and keep the community functioning by strengthening governance and leveraging community relationships in the face of external-disaster disruptions; this gives community participants a real sense that the community is equipped to face adversity and challenges. However, the evasive response of some residents is an important factor that hinders the community’s emergency response capabilities. Therefore, this study selected different types of communities in Shenzhen, China, from 9–23 July 2021, conducted a field survey, and obtained 2256 questionnaires using multi-segment random sampling. Based on the questionnaire data, this study uses factor analysis, correlation analysis, multiple linear regression analysis, and cluster analysis to explore the mechanisms of community resilience on residents’ risk coping styles, and the differences between community resilience and residents’ risk coping styles in different types of communities. The study found that, first, community resilience has a significant positive impact on proactive risk response, among which governance performance has a more significant impact; second, community resilience has a negative correlation with evasive coping styles, in which governance performance has a more significant impact; third, there are obvious differences in the level of resilience between different types of communities, with urban communities being the best, mixed communities being second, and transition communities being last. The government’s role in guiding and organizing the population was extremely significant during the COVID-19 pandemic, highlighting the superiority of the socialist system. The role of the community in social management has become increasingly prominent, and community resilience has become a key factor in controlling COVID-19.
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KJ Adhikari, Neill, Abi Beane, Dedeepiya Devaprasad, Robert Fowler, Rashan Haniffa, Augustian James, Devachandran Jayakumar, et al. "Impact of COVID-19 on non-COVID intensive care unit service utilization, case mix and outcomes: A registry-based analysis from India." Wellcome Open Research 6 (November 10, 2021): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16953.2.
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Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been responsible for over 3.4 million deaths globally and over 25 million cases in India. As part of the response, India imposed a nation-wide lockdown and prioritized COVID-19 care in hospitals and intensive care units (ICUs). Leveraging data from the Indian Registry of IntenSive care, we sought to understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on critical care service utilization, case-mix, and clinical outcomes in non-COVID ICUs. Methods: We included all consecutive patients admitted between 1 st October 2019 and 27 th September 2020. Data were extracted from the registry database and included patients admitted to the non-COVID or general ICUs at each of the sites. Outcomes included measures of resource-availability, utilisation, case-mix, acuity, and demand for ICU beds. We used a Mann-Whitney test to compare the pre-pandemic period (October 2019 - February 2020) to the pandemic period (March-September 2020). In addition, we also compared the period of intense lockdown (March-May 31 st 2020) with the pre-pandemic period. Results: There were 3424 patient encounters in the pre-pandemic period and 3524 encounters in the pandemic period. Comparing these periods, weekly admissions declined (median [Q1 Q3] 160 [145,168] to 113 [98.5,134]; p<0.001); unit turnover declined (median [Q1 Q3] 12.1 [11.32,13] to 8.58 [7.24,10], p<0.001), and APACHE II score increased (median [Q1 Q3] 19 [19,20] to 21 [20,22] ; p<0.001). Unadjusted ICU mortality increased (9.3% to 11.7%, p=0.015) and the length of ICU stay was similar (median [Q1 Q3] 2.11 [2, 2] vs. 2.24 [2, 3] days; p=0.151). Conclusion: Our registry-based analysis of the impact of COVID-19 on non-COVID critical care demonstrates significant disruptions to healthcare utilization during the pandemic and an increase in the severity of illness.
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KJ Adhikari, Neill, Abi Beane, Dedeepiya Devaprasad, Robert Fowler, Rashan Haniffa, Augustian James, Devachandran Jayakumar, et al. "Impact of COVID-19 on non-COVID intensive care unit service utilization, case mix and outcomes: A registry-based analysis from India." Wellcome Open Research 6 (June 18, 2021): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16953.1.
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Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been responsible for over 3.4 million deaths globally and over 25 million cases in India. As part of the response, India imposed a nation-wide lockdown and prioritized COVID-19 care in hospitals and intensive care units (ICUs). Leveraging data from the Indian Registry of IntenSive care, we sought to understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on critical care service utilization, case-mix, and clinical outcomes in non-COVID ICUs. Methods: We included all consecutive patients admitted between 1st October 2019 and 27th September 2020. Data were extracted from the registry database and included patients admitted to the non-COVID or general ICUs at each of the sites. Outcomes included measures of resource-availability, utilisation, case-mix, acuity, and demand for ICU beds. We used a Mann-Whitney test to compare the pre-pandemic period (October 2019 - February 2020) to the pandemic period (March-September 2020). In addition, we also compared the period of intense lockdown (March-May 31st 2020) with the pre-pandemic period. Results: There were 3424 patient encounters in the pre-pandemic period and 3524 encounters in the pandemic period. Comparing these periods, weekly admissions declined (median [Q1 Q3] 160 [145,168] to 113 [98.5,134]; p=0.00002); unit turnover declined (median [Q1 Q3] 12.1 [11.32,13] to 8.58 [7.24,10], p<0.00001), and APACHE II score increased (median [Q1 Q3] 19 [19,20] to 21 [20,22] ; p<0.00001). Unadjusted ICU mortality increased (9.3% to 11.7%, p=0.01519) and the length of ICU stay was similar (median [Q1 Q3] 2.11 [2, 2] vs. 2.24 [2, 3] days; p=0.15096). Conclusion: Our registry-based analysis of the impact of COVID-19 on non-COVID critical care demonstrates significant disruptions to healthcare utilization during the pandemic and an increase in the severity of illness.
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Chu, Xiaowei Aaron, Jeff LeFevre, Aldrin Montana, Dana Robinson, Quincey Koziol, Peter Alvaro, and Carlos Maltzahn. "Mapping Datasets to Object Storage System." EPJ Web of Conferences 245 (2020): 04037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202024504037.
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Access libraries such as ROOT[1] and HDF5[2] allow users to interact with datasets using high level abstractions, like coordinate systems and associated slicing operations. Unfortunately, the implementations of access libraries are based on outdated assumptions about storage systems interfaces and are generally unable to fully benefit from modern fast storage devices. For example, access libraries often implement buffering and data layout that assume that large, single-threaded sequential access patterns are causing less overall latency than small parallel random access: while this is true for spinning media, it is not true for flash media. The situation is getting worse with rapidly evolving storage devices such as non-volatile memory and ever larger datasets. This project explores distributed dataset mapping infrastructures that can integrate and scale out existing access libraries using Ceph’s extensible object model, avoiding re-implementation or even modifications of these access libraries as much as possible. These programmable storage extensions coupled with our distributed dataset mapping techniques enable: 1) access library operations to be offloaded to storage system servers, 2) the independent evolution of access libraries and storage systems and 3) fully leveraging of the existing load balancing, elasticity, and failure management of distributed storage systems like Ceph. They also create more opportunities to conduct storage server-local optimizations specific to storage servers. For example, storage servers might include local key/value stores combined with chunk stores that require different optimizations than a local file system. As storage servers evolve to support new storage devices like non-volatile memory, these server-local optimizations can be implemented while minimizing disruptions to applications. We will report progress on the means by which distributed dataset mapping can be abstracted over particular access libraries, including access libraries for ROOT data, and how we address some of the challenges revolving around data partitioning and composability of access operations.