To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Levels and trends.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Levels and trends'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Levels and trends.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Myint, Nyan. "Levels and trends of fertility and mortality in Burma." Thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/116919.
Full textAbstract:
In Burma, levels of fertility and mortality are usually estimated directly using the data from the
incomplete vital registration. These estimates, of course, are under-estimates and fertility and
mortality are the areas for further research in Burma. Thus, the main purpose of this study is to
estimate the levels and trends of fertility and mortality in Burma.
Although the Governments of Burma have never intervened in the fertility attitude of the people,
the former socialist Government limited access to any modern methods of contraception. However,
this study shows that a fertility decline started in urban areas in the early 1970s. Moreover, the
levels of fertility in Burma have never exceeded those in India and Bangladesh. Historically, Burma
had lower fertility than India as a whole throughout the pre-War period. The higher age at
marriage, the higher status of women, the higher level of female literacy and the main religion in
Burma, Buddhism, which does not discourage the use of any methods of contraception, are the main
causes of lower fertility in Burma.
Recently, various sources, such as the United Nations, ESCAP, the World Bank and the US Bureau of
the Census, have given quite different estimates of mortality, especially the level of infant
mortality for Burma. Therefore, some indirect estimates of infant and child mortality, using the
data on children ever born and children still living from the 1983 Census, are also made in this
study. The estimates of both infant and general mortality derived in this study are much higher
than both the Government's official estimates and the United Nations estimates.
Moreover, this study shows that mortality has declined substantially since the mid-1950s, and the
decline was much more faster in urban areas than in rural areas. However, it has apparently slowed
down in recent years. The levels of mortality were much lower in Burma than in India throughout the
pre-War period, and still lower than in India and Bangladesh but higher than in Thailand.
2
Georgakopoulou, Panayota. "Reduction levels in subtitling-DVD subtitling : a compromise of trends." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2003. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/602/.
Full text
3
Roizen, Judy Ann. "Explaining the Fijian childhood mortality decline : trends, levels and government response." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.362826.
Full text
4
Grimminger, Marsha Loth. "PERIODIC TRENDS IN STRUCTURE FUNCTION RELATIONSHIP OF ORGANIC HETEROACENES." UKnowledge, 2011. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/850.
Full textAbstract:
Our group has previously shown that small changes to molecular structure result in large changes to device properties and stability in organic electronic applications. By functionalizing aromatic heteroacenes with group 14 and group 16 elements, it is possible to control morphology and improve stability for a variety of applications such as thin film transistors and solar cells. Functionalization within the heteroacene core led to changes in electronic structure as observed by electrochemistry and light absorption. By substituting down the periodic table, the carbon heteroatom bond length increased, leading to subtle changes in crystal packing. Absorption maxima were red-‐shifted and stability to light decreased. Substitution of group 14 elements to the solubilizing ethynyl groups attached to the heteroacene also had an effect on crystallization and stability. Substitution of silicon with carbon decreased solubility as well as stability to light. Substitution with germanium also decreased stability to light, but close contacts within the crystal structure and solubility in nonpolar organic solvents increased.
5
Håkansson, Johan. "Changing population distribution in Sweden : long term trends and contemporary tendencies." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2000. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-100712.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of the thesis is to describe and analyse the population redistribution in Sweden at different geographical levels from the beginning of the 19th century to the end of the 20th century. The analysis is approached in three different ways. First, the redistribution at different geographical levels is analysed (papers I and II). Second, the changing accessibility between people (interpersonal accessibility) is analysed from the beginning of the 19th century to the end of the 20th century (paper II). Third, the impacts of fertility, mortality, internal migration, international migration and geographical variations in age composition on population distribution are analysed for the last decades (papers I, III and IV). Measurements of concentration have been used in order to analyse the changing population distribution. For the analysis of changing interpersonal accessibility the average population within the daily reach has been calculated for different times. In order to analyse the impacts of fertility, mortality, migration and geographical variations in age composition the actual redistribution of the population is compared with the redistribution generated by a number of counterfactual scenarios. To analyse the impact of international migration the changing distribution of the population in different immigrant groups is compared to the distribution of the Swedish population. Some conclusions drawn from the thesis are: 1. There is no overall trend in the population redistribution towards either concentration or dispersion. The redistribution pattern depends on the time perspective and the geographical level chosen. The population has been both concentrated and dispersed since the beginning of the 19th century. This applies to all investigated geographical levels. In the five identified phases of the redistribution the most common pattern is that concentration and dispersion of the population exist simultaneously on different geographical levels. The total effect of the redistribution between 1810 and 1990 is that today the population is more dispersed at macro-regional level, while it is more concentrated at local and regional level. 2. Based on assumptions about the daily reach, an average person today has access to about 100 times more people locally compared with the beginning of the 19th century. The most important process for the increased accessibility has been the redistribution of the population. The process that has had the least impact is the assumed increase in daily reach. However the importance of the investigated processes changes over time. Since 1950 the increasing reach has been the most important process. However, the rate by which interpersonal accessibility increases has slowed down since 1950. 3. The main demographic factor behind the redistribution since 1970 is the geographical differences in age composition and its effects on the natural population change. It is demonstrated that this factor lies behind the trend towards increasing concentration in Sweden, while the impact of migration affects the fluctuations from this trend to a greater extent. 4. The study shows that immigration concentrates the population, while the internal migration during the 1970s and periodically during the 1980s dispersed the population. However during the 1990s the internal migration has had a concentrating effect on the spatial distribution of the population.Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Umeå universitet, 2000, härtill 4 uppsatser
digitalisering@umu
6
Maginley, Katharine Suzanne. "Hormonal contraceptive use in Canada : levels, trends, and determinants among reproductive-aged women in British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/61338.
Full textAbstract:
BACKGROUND: Despite widespread use of contraception worldwide, Canadian research on hormonal contraceptive trends is limited. This thesis aims to address this knowledge gap through an investigation of the levels, trends, and determinants of: (1) hormonal contraceptive use in British Columbia (BC) (Study 1), and (2) the use of cyproterone acetate and ethinyl estradiol (CPA-EE), an acne drug that is also known to be prescribed as an oral contraceptive (OC) despite safety concerns (Study 2).
METHODS: This thesis consists of two retrospective analyses of de-identified administrative datasets containing health care, pharmaceutical, and sociodemographic information for residents of BC between 2006–2013, inclusive. Study 1 examined incident and prevalent hormonal contraceptive use in a cohort of reproductive-aged women (15–49 years). Study 2 measured incident off-label use of CPA-EE in women aged 15–34. In both studies, logistic regression was used to model relationships between contraceptive use and sociodemographic factors.
RESULTS: Study 1 revealed (1) stable prevalence, but declining incidence of overall hormonal contraceptive use, (2) declining rates of OC use, (3) increased rates of hormonal intrauterine device (IUD) use, and (4) decreased odds of hormonal contraceptive use among Chinese and South Asian women. Despite a decline in use, OCs remained the most popular method, accounting for more than 80% of all hormonal contraceptive use. In Study 2, incident use of CPA-EE declined throughout the study period. South Asian women and women with older physicians (65+) were more likely to receive a potentially inappropriate CPA-EE prescription.
CONCLUSION: This thesis contributes to a sparse body of literature on hormonal contraceptive use in Canada. While rates of OC use are declining, hormonal IUD use is increasingly widespread, particularly among younger women. Chinese and South Asian women are less likely to be prescribed OCs and may therefore be at greater risk for unintended pregnancy, although this warrants further investigation, as does the influence of provider characteristics on off-label prescribing patterns.Medicine, Faculty of
Population and Public Health (SPPH), School of
Graduate
7
Tran, Hoang V. "Ventricular Arrhythmias Complicating Coronary Artery Disease: Recent Trends, Risk Associated with Serum Glucose Levels, and Psychological Impact." eScholarship@UMMS, 2018. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/980.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) are common after an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and are associated with worse clinical outcomes. However, little is known about recent trends in their occurrence, their association with serum glucose levels, and their psychological impact in ACS setting.
Methods: We examined 25-year (1986-2011) trends in the incidence rates (IRs) and hospital case-fatality rates (CFRs) of VAs, and the association between serum glucose levels and VAs in patients with an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in the Worcester Heart Attack Study. Lastly, we examined the relationship between in-hospital occurrence of VAs and 12-month progression of depression and anxiety among hospital survivors of an ACS in the longitudinal TRACE-CORE study.
Results: We found the IRs declined for several major VAs between 1986 and 2011while the hospital CFRs declined in both patients with and without VAs over this period. Elevated serum glucose levels at hospital admission were associated with a higher risk of developing in-hospital VAs. Occurrence of VAs, however, was not associated with worsening progression of symptoms of depression and/or anxiety over a 12-month follow-up period in patients discharged after an ACS.
Conclusions: The burden and impact of VAs in patients with an AMI has declined over time. Elevated serum glucose levels at hospital admission may serve as a predictor for in-hospital occurrence of serious cardiac arrhythmias. In-hospital occurrence of VAs may not be associated with worsening progression of symptoms of depression and anxiety in patients with an ACS.
8
Santamaria, Aguilar Sara [Verfasser], Athanasios [Akademischer Betreuer] Vafeidis, and Arne [Gutachter] Arns. "Analysis of trends and variability of water levels / Sara Santamaria Aguilar ; Gutachter: Arne Arns ; Betreuer: Athanasios Vafeidis." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1234451344/34.
Full text
9
Meleady, Michael J. "Is environmental quality improving for environmental justice communities? an examination of trends in toxic pollution levels in Texas /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2002. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2598.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2002.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 67 p. : maps (part col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 53-56).
10
Luke, Colin G. "A study of factors associated with trends in blood lead levels in Port Pirie children exposed to home-based interventions /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1991. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09MPM/09mpml954.pdf.
Full text
11
Chenge, Violet Wambui. "The correlate between fertility and landholding among rural women in kenya: a multivariate analysis." University of the Western Cape, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4038.
Full textAbstract:
Masters of ScienceThe present study is an understanding of the relationship that exists between landholding and the reproductive behaviour of rural women in Kenya. Traditional women have rights to cultivate land as well as control income from the resulting crop production but rarely have rights to allocate or alienate land. Men are the rightful owners of the land. When the rightful owner person passes away, the eldest son of the family automatically takes ownership of the land and subsequent care of the family. This period of land ownership supported high fertility rates. However, in current spaces this practice has changed. Land is scarce and people are opting for other alternatives of limiting their family sizes. The aim of the study is to address the dissimilar changes of fertility behaviour among women in rural Kenya. Particularly, landholdings and low fertility behaviour, focusing on how this change happened. Data used is from the Kenya Demographic and Health Survey (KDHS) 2008/2009. We acquire a representative sample size of 6761 women age 15-49 from the data. A multiplicity of statistical parameters like chi-square test, p-value, logistic regression, and multivariate analysis are adopted. In this regard, the relationship that exists between fertility and landholdings leads to large family sizes. In addition, land decrease has lead to the search of alternatives such as education, employment, and increase in age at marriage. The introduction of these factors has promoted smaller family sizes. This study is immensely useful for the policy makers, planners and other interested stakeholders in population and development spheres in this juncture.
12
Della, Corte Karen Aimee [Verfasser]. "Dietary sugar intake: International time trends in intake levels among children and adolescents and aspects of its relevance for subclinical inflammation and insulin sensitivity among adults / Karen Aimee Della Corte." Paderborn : Universitätsbibliothek, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1230468323/34.
Full text
13
Björck, Alexander, and Carl-William Sivertson. "Hyressättning av samhällsfastigheter." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-169062.
Full textAbstract:
Under de senaste tio åren har ett nytt segment öppnats på fastighetsmarknaden, nämligen marknaden för samhällsfastigheter. Politiska beslut från tidigt 90-tal har gjort det möjligt för privata aktörer att etablera friskolor och äldreboenden. Reformerna har möjliggjort att även investera i verksamheternas lokaler. Vid dessa förvärv brukar ett relativt långt hyreskontrakt medfölja och det finns ett starkt samband mellan den förhandlade hyran och försäljningspriset. När förvärvet är genomfört och kontraktet sedan löper ut kan det bli problematiskt att avgöra vilken nivå den nya hyran bör ligga på. Hyresgästens betalningsförmåga är en central del i analyserna i denna uppsats. Uträkningen av kommunens så kallade skolpeng respektive omsorgspeng kartläggs för att dra slutsatser om vilka marginaler respektive part har att förhålla sig till och hur det påverkar den förväntade hyran. I denna uppsats diskuterar vi också huruvida hyressättningen av samhällsfastigheter kan återkopplas till olika kombinationer av hyresrelationer. Incitament till att ta ut en viss hyra kan variera beroende på fastighetsägarens syfte med innehavet. Betoning läggs särskilt på kommuner och privata aktörers tillvägagångssätt vid hyressättning samt dess konsekvenser. En stor skillnad mellan marknaden för samhällsfastigheter och en traditionell marknad för kommersiella fastigheter är att den förstnämnda utgör en så kallad kvasimarknad, det vill säga en kommersiell marknad där icke normala förhållanden råder. Huruvida även denna är en mogen marknad belyses samt vad det får för inverkan på hyressättningen, idag och i framtiden. Slutligen diskuteras om alternativa metoder jämfört med dagens skulle vara tillämpbara vid hyressättningen samt under vilka förutsättningar det i så fall skulle vara möjligt.Social real estates, i.e. real estates for activities that are financed through taxes, have recently become a largely discussed topic in various Swedish debates. Political reforms from the early 90s has made it possible for private owners to establish schools and retirement homes, where purchases of municipally owned properties are commonplace today. With these transactions a relatively long rental-agreement is usually included, which becomes a major influencing parameter when it comes to the amount the acquirer is willing to pay for the Real Estate. Once the acquisition is completed and the included contract expires, it can be problematic to determine what the new rent should be due to various factors, such as lack of knowledge about the tenants’ economy. The tenants’ margins when paying rent have a central part in this analysis. The municipality indirectly determines these margins since they are the ones funding these social real estates. Thus, the municipalities’ calculations of the school-funding and retirement home-funding are being explained. Something that is also discussed in this paper is whether the rents of social real estates can vary depending on which one of the various combinations of ownership is taking place. I.e. a private owner with a governmental tenant, vice versa or a situation where both the owner and the tenant is governmental/private. These different circumstances may affect the rent due to the fact that different relations can lead to dissimilar incentives to charge certain amounts of rent. Consequently, emphasis in the essay is placed especially on the descriptions of the actions of the municipalities, the private owners and the tenants. A big difference between the social real estate market and a regular office market is that the former is a so-called quasi-market, a commercial market that lacks normal conditions. The maturity of this market is highlighted as well as whether the maturity has an impact on rents today and in the future. Lastly, a discussion is held on whether alternative methods would be applicable when deciding rent levels and under which conditions this would be possible
14
Blevins, Adam G. "Analysis of trends from DoD–level peer–reviewed contracts." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/42585.
Full textAbstract:
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedDepartment of Defense (DOD) spending has been steadily increasing ever since the early 1990s. During that period, the acquisition workforce has steadily declined. This situation resulted in an undermanned and undertrained contracting workforce with an increased workload. With the workforce spread thin, lapses in contracting processes occurred. As a result of these issues, in 2008, the DOD established the requirement for independent management reviews, or peer reviews, of contractual actions. Since the onset of the peer-review requirement, the Defense Procurement Acquisition Policy (DPAP) has maintained a database of peer-review results. Data analytics were used to analyze the frequency of occurrences of the data elements within the DPAP database of peer-review results in an effort to answer two research questions. First, are there trends within the peer-review results of DOD-level peer-reviewed contracts? Second, are any trends identified related to the competency gaps identified in the 2007 Department of Defense Contracting Workforce Competency Assessment Final Report? Trends within the data elements present in the DPAP database of peer-review results were identified. Certain categories garnered more attention of the peer-review teams. Based on trends identified, recommendations are provided to improve the overall usefulness of the DPAP database of peer-review results.
15
Ali, Mohd Hanafi. "Trends in CT abdominal doses in Malaysian practices." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1543.
Full textAbstract:
An investigation of clinical Abdominal Computed Tomography (CT)dose, and associated clinical diagnostic protocols, has been ndertaken. This research was carried out to study the pattern of CT dose from routine abdominal examinations in Malaysian practices. From this study it is hoped to establish a Dose Reference Level (DRL) to assist in optimising radiation dose for CT abdominal examination in Malaysia
16
Ali, Mohd Hanafi. "Trends in CT abdominal doses in Malaysian practices." University of Sydney, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1543.
Full textAbstract:
Doctor of Health ScienceAn investigation of clinical Abdominal Computed Tomography (CT)dose, and associated clinical diagnostic protocols, has been ndertaken. This research was carried out to study the pattern of CT dose from routine abdominal examinations in Malaysian practices. From this study it is hoped to establish a Dose Reference Level (DRL) to assist in optimising radiation dose for CT abdominal examination in Malaysia
17
Rocco, Francois Vincent. "Sea level trends in the Mediterranean from tide gauges and satellite altimetry." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/10172/.
Full textAbstract:
Sea level variation is one of the parameters directly related to climate change. Monitoring sea level rise is an important scientific issue since many populated areas of the world and megacities are located in low-lying regions. At present, sea level is measured by means of two techniques: the tide gauges and the satellite radar altimetry. Tide gauges measure sea-level relatively to a ground benchmark, hence, their measurements are directly affected by vertical ground motions. Satellite radar altimetry measures sea-level relative to a geocentric reference and are not affected by vertical land motions. In this study, the linear relative sea level trends of 35 tide gauge stations distributed across the Mediterranean Sea have been computed over the period 1993-2014. In order to extract the real sea-level variation, the vertical land motion has been estimated using the observations of available GPS stations and removed from the tide gauges records. These GPS-corrected trends have then been compared with satellite altimetry measurements over the same time interval (AVISO data set). A further comparison has been performed, over the period 1993-2013, using the CCI satellite altimetry data set which has been generated using an updated modeling. The absolute sea level trends obtained from satellite altimetry and GPS-corrected tide gauge data are mostly consistent, meaning that GPS data have provided reliable corrections for most of the sites. The trend values range between +2.5 and +4 mm/yr almost everywhere in the Mediterranean area, the largest trends were found in the Northern Adriatic Sea and in the Aegean. These results are in agreement with estimates of the global mean sea level rise over the last two decades. Where GPS data were not available, information on the vertical land motion deduced from the differences between absolute and relative trends are in agreement with the results of other studies.
18
Yates, James William. "TELEMETRY PROCESSING SYSTEMS DESIGN TRENDS." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/609213.
Full textAbstract:
International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 26-29, 1998 / Town & Country Resort Hotel and Convention Center, San Diego, CaliforniaCurrent changes in the way that large flight test systems are utilized have affected the industry’s methodology in both the early design phases and in the implementation of nextgeneration hardware and software. The reduction of available RF spectrum, the implementation of packet telemetry methods and systems, and a desire to implement commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) hardware are only some of the considerations that telemetry systems integrators and product houses have to face. This paper describes how test methodology changes affect current large systems design at both government test ranges and at airframe/missile manufacturer test facilities. In addition, consideration is given to the area of increased processing power as it affects hardware and software design, the leveraging of such current and future telecommunications technology as network switch technology and compression, cross utilization, standardized technology, and the movement toward platform-independent software.
19
Darikwa, Timotheus Brian. "Estimating the level and trends of child mortality in South Africa, 1996-2006." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11919.
Full textAbstract:
Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 59-63).
The lack of reliable data for child mortality estimation since 1998 has meant that child mortality rates for South Africa have not been updated for almost ten years now. It is the overall aim of this research to explore the possibility of determining up-to-date estimates of South Africa's infant mortality and under-five mortality rates from the 2007 Community Survey data and to use these results to describe the trend in child mortality rates since 1996.
20
Amendola, Jennifer L. "The Demographic and Economic Impacts by Tornado Touchdowns at the County Level, 1990 to 1998." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1208548187.
Full text
21
Khater, Shaymaa. "Personalized Recommendation for Online Social Networks Information: Personal Preferences and Location Based Community Trends." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/64283.
Full textAbstract:
Online social networks are experiencing an explosive growth in recent years in both the number of users and the amount of information shared. The users join these social networks to connect with each other, share, find content and disseminate information by sending short text messages in near realtime. As a result of the growth of social networks, the users are often experiencing information overload since they interact with many other users and read ever increasing content volume. Thus, finding the "matching" users and content is one of the key challenges for social networks sites. Recommendation systems have been proposed to help users cope with information overload by predicting the items that a user may be interested in.
The users' preferences are shaped by personal interests. At the same time, users are affected by their surroundings, as determined by their geographically located communities. Accordingly, our approach takes into account both personal interests and local communities. We first propose a new dynamic recommendation system model that provides better customized content to the user. That is, the model provides the user with the most important tweets according to his individual interests. We then analyze how changes in the surrounding environment can affect the user's experience. Specifically, we study how changes in the geographical community preferences can affect the individual user's interests. These community preferences are generally reflected in the localized trending topics. Consequently, we present TrendFusion, an innovative model that analyzes the trends propagation, predicts the localized diffusion of trends in social networks and recommends the most interesting trends to the user. Our performance evaluation demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed recommendation system and shows that it improves the precision and recall of identifying important tweets by up to 36% and 80%, respectively. Results also show that TrendFusion
accurately predicts places in which a trend will appear, with 98% recall and 80% precision.Ph. D.
22
Шаповал, В. М. "Соціальна відповідальність у системі підприємницької діяльності." Thesis, Видавництво НГУ, 2012. http://ir.nmu.org.ua/handle/123456789/191.
Full textAbstract:
Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня доктора економічних наук за спеціальністю 08.00.01 – економічна теорія та історія економічної думки. – Державний ВНЗ «Національний гірничий університет», Дніпропетровськ, 2012.Диссертация на соискание ученой ступени доктора экономических наук по специальности 08.00.01 – экономическая теория и история экономической мысли. – Государственное ВУЗ «Национальный горный университет», Днепропетровск, 2012
Thesis for obtaining degree of Doctor of Economic Sciences on specialty 08.00.01 – Economics and history of economic thought. – State Higher Educational Institution National Mining University, Dnipropetrovs’k, 2012
У дисертаційній роботі на основі застосування системного підходу розроблена авторська концепція соціальної відповідальності суб’єктів підприємницької діяльності, де обґрунтовано нові методологічні підходи і теоретичні положення щодо формування та розвитку соціальної відповідальності суб’єктів підприємництва в сучасних умовах. Зокрема, соціальну відповідальність суб’єктів підприємницької діяльності запропоновано розглядати як багатоаспектне явище. Вивчено передумови формування соціально відповідальної поведінки, виявлено на цій основі ціннісні чинники та визначено їх роль у формуванні соціальної відповідальності суб’єктів підприємницької діяльності. Доведено значення взаємодії держави та підприємництва у розвитку соціальної відповідальності. Обґрунтовано значення соціальної звітності для оцінювання та регулювання соціально відповідальної діяльності сучасних бізнес-організацій. Удосконалено класифікацію рівнів соціальної відповідальності суб’єктів підприємництва. Обґрунтовано основні тенденції розвитку соціально відповідальної поведінки суб’єктів підприємницької діяльності в Україні. Виявлено чинники, які сприяють формуванню соціально відповідальної поведінки українських підприємців та які стримують цей процес. Окреслено систему завдань основних учасників процесу реалізації соціальної відповідальності суб’єктів підприємництва в Україні. Здійснено оцінку соціально відповідальної поведінки в контексті основних параметрів базового рівня відповідальності.
В диссертационной работе на основе использования системного подхода разработана авторская концепция социальной ответственности субъектов предпринимательской деятельности, где обоснованы новые методологические подходы и теоретические положения относительно формирования и развития социальной ответственности субъектов предпринимательства в современных условиях. Объектом исследования выступают процессы становления и развития социальной ответственности субъектов предпринимательской деятельности. Предметом исследования является совокупность теоретико-методологических положений и практических подходов к формированию социально ответственного поведения субъектов предпринимательской деятельности. Автором исследованы теоретико-методологические основы предпринима-тельства и уточнены на этой основе сущность и содержание его социальных функций. Проанализированы концептуальные подходы к проблеме социальной ответственности субъектов предпринимательской деятельности, что дало возможность предложить авторское определение данной категории. Изучены предпосылки формирования социально ответственного поведения, в частности, выявлены ценностные факторы и определена их роль в формировании социальной ответственности субъектов предпринимательской деятельности. Исследован генезис социальной ответственности субъектов предпринимательской деятельности и определены этапы ее становления; обоснованы мотивы и выявлены преимущества социально ответственного поведения субъектов предпринимательства; доказано значение взаимодействия государства и предпринимательства в развитии социальной ответственности. Характеристика форм проявления социально ответственной деятельности субъектов предпринимательства на корпоративном, региональном и общественном уровнях позволила автору выделить современные модели социальной ответственности и расширить классификацию ее уровней. Исследованы особенности оценки уровня социальной ответственности субъектов предпринимательской деятельности, ее инструменты и способы. Обосновано значение социальной (нефинансовой) отчетности для оценки и регулирования социально ответственной деятельности современных бизнес-организаций. Исследованы особенности корпоративного, государственного и международного регулирования социально ответственного поведения субъектов предпринимательской деятельности. Осуществлен детальный анализ тенденций социально ответственного по-ведения украинских субъектов предпринимательства. Выявлены факторы, со-действующие формированию социальной ответственности украинских пред-принимателей и сдерживающие этот процесс. Обосновано перспективное сос-тояние социальной ответственности субъектов предпринимательской деятель-ности в Украине. Осуществлена оценка социально ответственного поведения в контексте основных параметров базового уровня ответственности.
Author's conception on the base of systematic approach of social responsibility of entrepreneurs is worked out at the thesis. New methodological approaches and theoretical propositions which concern forming and development of social responsibility of entrepreneurs for present situation are substantiated. It is proposed to regard social responsibility as multiple-aspect phenomenon. Backgrounds of forming social responsibility are examined. The value factors and their role for forming of social responsibility of entrepreneurs are indicated. Importance of interaction between state and entrepreneurs for social response-bility development is proved. Importance of social responsibility for estimation and regulation of social responsibility of business structure is substantiated. Classification of social responsibility levels of entrepreneurs is improved. The main trends of development of social responsible behavior of entrepreneurs are substantiated. The factors which favour and restrain social responsible behavior forming of Ukrainian entrepreneurs are indicated. The system of tasks for main participators of social responsibility realization in Ukraine is outlined. The estimation of social responsible behavior in the context of basic characteristics is made
23
Lopez, Guillermo. "Generalized construction of trend resistant 2-level split-plot designs /." Online version of thesis, 2007. https://ritdml.rit.edu/dspace/handle/1850/3827.
Full text
24
Wright, Michael W. "Coaching pastors for personal fulfillment and higher levels of professional performance." Mill Valley, CA : Golden Gate Baptist Theological Seminary, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2986/tren.116-0001.
Full text
25
Anderson, Daryl K. "Developing a ReachGlobal leadership pipeline focusing on three levels of leadership." Deerfield, IL : Trinity Evangelical Divinity School, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2986/tren.006-1625.
Full text
26
Powell, Victoria Alicia. "Relative sea level change in the Forth and Tay Estuaries : past changes informing future trends." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2012. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/832abe7f-3917-48ad-a9e5-a66f5f57d583.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis introduces new relative sea level datasets from the Forth and Tay Estuaries dating between 1900 and 2010 and uses these to analyse sea level oscillations, surge components and to influence future sea level projections. Prior to this research, relative sea levels had not been analysed across this region. These datasets were collated and corrected using renowned methods and investigated using Shennan et al.’s (2012) GIA corrections, Torrence and Compo’s (1998) Morlet wavelet transform and Graff’s (1981) sea level maxima analysis. The relative sea level data were then used to support adaptations of two sea level projection models to 2100; the UK Climate Projections 2009 (UKCP09) probabilistic model and Vermeer and Rahmstorf’s (2009) temperature-sea level relationship projections model. These models were, in turn, used to project the impact of extreme relative sea levels on local infrastructure by 2100. This research revealed that relative sea level in the Forth and Tay Estuaries between 1900 and 2010 rose at a rate of 0.27 to 0.56 mm a-1, which is smaller than the global average of 1.7 mm a-1 (Church and White, 2011). Tidal residuals were commonly observed to be approximately 0.4 and 0.7 m at Leith and Dundee between 2003 and 2010, whilst the highest sea level maxima across 5 ports in the region ranged between 3.27 and 4.13 m above OD. Adaptions of the UKCP09 model reduced the original projections for 2100 of between 31.3 and 35.1 cm to between 24.3 and 27.5 cm above the 1990 mean. Similarly, adaptions of the Vermeer and Rahmstorf (2009) model reduced projections from 107.5 cm to between 50.9 and 54.2 cm above the 1990 mean. These adapted projections, when added to the extreme 2100 sea level calculations, suggests that the highest extreme sea level by 2100 could reach the present day quayside heights at selected locations in the Forth and Tay Estuaries. The approach and results are replicable across other regions, thereby refining projections made by previous authors.
27
Camara, Aly. "Maternité précoce en Guinée (1999-2018) : Niveaux, tendances, déterminants et devenir des mères adolescentes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UBFCH021.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse examine la problématique de la maternité précoce en Guinée sur la période 1999-2018, à partir des données des Enquêtes Démographiques et de Santé (EDS). La maternité précoce, définie comme la grossesse et l’accouchement chez les adolescentes, représente un défi majeur pour la santé publique et le développement social, affectant à la fois les jeunes filles, leurs familles et la société guinéenne dans son ensemble. L’objectif central de cette recherche est d’analyser les niveaux et les tendances de ce phénomène, d’en identifier les déterminants sous-jacents et d’évaluer les répercussions à long terme sur les parcours de vie des mères adolescentes.Les résultats indiquent une diminution modérée de la fécondité précoce au cours des deux dernières décennies. Cependant, ce phénomène reste particulièrement répandu chez les adolescentes peu instruites, vivant en milieu rural et travaillant dans le secteur agricole, souvent issues de ménages défavorisés. Les principaux facteurs qui perpétuent la maternité précoce sont le mariage et la sexualité précoces, ainsi que le faible recours à la contraception moderne. D’autres variables, telles que l’ethnie, le niveau d’éducation, l’activité professionnelle, l’exposition aux médias, ainsi que la composition et la structure du ménage, influencent également ce phénomène. Les adolescentes Soussous et Malinkés, notamment celles victimes de mariages précoces, apparaissent comme les plus vulnérables. Contrairement aux perceptions courantes, la maternité précoce n’entrave pas systématiquement les perspectives matrimoniales à long terme. En effet, sauf en 2012, où le risque de monoparentalité a été plus élevé, les mères adolescentes se marient généralement sans difficultés particulières. Toutefois, la maternité précoce exerce une influence significative sur la fécondité, augmentant le nombre d’enfants chez les mères adolescentes. En ce qui concerne l’éducation et l’accès au marché du travail, les résultats montrent que la maternité précoce n’a pas d’impact majeur. Ces trajectoires sont plutôt déterminées par les normes culturelles, l’environnement social, et le niveau d’instruction des femmes. De plus, la maternité précoce ne mène pas nécessairement à la pauvreté, celle-ci étant davantage liée à d’autres facteurs socio-économiques et contextuels.Face à ces constats, plusieurs recommandations s’imposent pour limiter les conséquences négatives de la maternité précoce. Il est crucial de renforcer l’accès à l’éducation pour les filles, en particulier dans les zones rurales, de promouvoir activement l’utilisation de la contraception moderne, et de lutter contre les mariages précoces par des lois rigoureuses et des campagnes de sensibilisation auprès des communautés. L’autonomisation économique des adolescentes, ainsi que l’amélioration des infrastructures de santé, sont également essentielles pour réduire la prévalence de la maternité précoce et ses effets sur la fécondité, contribuant ainsi à un avenir plus équitable et prospère pour les jeunes filles guinéennesThis thesis examines the issue of early motherhood in Guinea from 1999 to 2018, based on data from the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS). Early motherhood, defined as pregnancy and childbirth among adolescents, presents a major challenge to public health and social development, affecting not only young girls but also their families and Guinean society as a whole. The primary aim of this research is to analyze the levels and trends of this phenomenon, identify its underlying determinants, and assess the long-term impacts on the life trajectories of adolescent mothers.The findings reveal a moderate decline in early fertility over the past two decades. However, the phenomenon remains particularly prevalent among poorly educated adolescents living in rural areas and working in agriculture, often from disadvantaged households. Key factors perpetuating early motherhood include early marriage and sexual activity, as well as limited use of modern contraception. Other variables, such as ethnicity, educational attainment, professional activity, media exposure, and household structure, also play significant roles. Adolescent girls from the Soussou and Malinké ethnic groups, particularly those subjected to early marriage, are among the most vulnerable. Contrary to common perceptions, early motherhood does not systematically hinder long-term marriage prospects. Except for the year 2012, when the risk of single motherhood was higher, adolescent mothers generally do not face significant barriers to marriage. However, early motherhood has a considerable impact on fertility, increasing the number of children born to adolescent mothers. In terms of education and access to the labor market, the results indicate that early motherhood does not have a major impact. Instead, life trajectories are shaped by cultural norms, social environments, and women’s educational levels. Additionally, early motherhood does not necessarily lead to poverty, which is more closely linked to other socio-economic and contextual factors.Given these findings, several recommendations are necessary to mitigate the negative effects of early motherhood. Strengthening girls’ access to education, particularly in rural areas, actively promoting the use of modern contraception, and combating early marriages through strict laws and community awareness campaigns are essential. Economic empowerment for adolescent girls, along with improved healthcare infrastructure, are also crucial to reducing the prevalence of early motherhood and its impact on fertility, thus contributing to a more equitable and prosperous future for young Guinean girls
28
Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe. "Estimation of the level and trend of adult motrality in Zambia." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5899.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this study is derive robust and reliable estimates of level and trend in adult mortality in Zambia. To derive the estimates of the level and trend in adult mortality, the study applies the following techniques: the Census Survival method and Preston-Bennett method to Zambian census data for 1980, 1990 and 2000 to estimate life expectancies at age 5 and above as well as probabilities of dying between ages 15 and 60 years; the orphanhood method to 1992, 1996, 2001/2 and 2007 Zambia Demographic and Health Surveys (ZDHS) and 1996, 1998, 2002/3, 2004 and 2006 Living Conditions Monitoring Survey (LCMS) information on survivorship of parents to estimate probabilities of dying between ages 25 and 35 ( 10 25 q ); and 25 and 40 ( 15 25 q ) for females; and 35 and 45 ( 10 35 q ) for males; the siblinghood method using the 1996, 2001/2 and 2007 ZDHS sibling histories data to estimate the probabilities of dying between ages 15 and 50 years ( 35 15 q ) for both males and females; the Generalised Growth Balance and Bennett-Horiuchi 'Extended SEG' methods using the 1996, 2004 and 2006 LCMS household deaths in the last 12 months to estimate completeness of reporting of deaths relative to the coverage of surveys and hence the probability of dying between ages 15 and 60. The Census Survival and Preston-Bennett method do not produce accurate measures of mortality, or trend for females but does for males. The orphanhood method does capture some of the trend but fails to provide definitive estimates of mortality. The siblinghood method produces an inconclusive pattern of adult mortality. The GGB and 'Extended SEG' methods perform well with the 1996- 2004, 1996-2006 inter-survey periods. The methods also perform well with male LCMS data for 2004-2006 inter-survey periods. The GGB and 'Extended SEG' methods produced a good fit to age ranges 5+ to 60+. The study finds that adult female mortality is higher than male adult mortality, 69 per cent and 64 per cent, respectively. These adult mortality rates are comparable to estimates from other sources. Further research is needed on how to refine the GGB and SEG method to perform better with survey data. Research is needed to understand why the siblinghood method produced inconclusive estimates of the level and trend of adult mortality. The study recommends that the LCMS survey should add month and year at death to questions on household deaths to deal with the problem of time reference. The 2010 Zambian census should add questions on orphanhood and household deaths.
29
Cheng, Li Kam-fun Eva, and 鄭李錦芬. "Behavioural trends in a multi-level marketing organization, with focuson the Amway Hong Kong distributor organization." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1989. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31264281.
Full text
30
Lilley, David R. "Assessing jurisdiction-level crime trends during the 1990s an analysis of the impact of policing changes /." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2006.
Find full text
31
Huggler, Ronald R. "Team building for army chaplains at the installation level." Due West, SC : Erskine Theological Seminary, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2986/tren.064-0131.
Full text
32
Summers, Jerry L. (Jerry Lynn). "The Association Between Postmodernistic Trends and Historical Scholarship With Implications for the College-Level Teaching of History." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1990. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc332541/.
Full textAbstract:
The debates among historians regarding the "crisis in history" have been directed to various problems. The fragmentation of historical scholarship and writing embodied in the "new history," the alleged overspecialization of historical scholarship, and recent challenges to the objectivity of historical fact and interpretation receive attention. Successive chapters attend to a general background study and description of postmodernism, the association between postmodernistic trends and historical scholarship as seen in poststructuralism and deconstruction, and the implications of postmodernistic criticism for post-secondary history instruction. Deconstruction, or the hermeneutical challenge of poetics, is a criticism of historical epistemological presuppositions and practices. Deconstruction yields insights that are useful to judge historical knowing. However, deconstruction does not present a compelling alternative to accepted standards of historical scholarship and practice
33
Shaw, Timothy. "Reconstructing historical sea-level trends for the Croatian coast of the Adriatic Sea using salt-marsh foraminifera." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2013. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/18033/.
Full textAbstract:
The application of salt-marsh foraminifera to reconstruct historical sea-level trends was investigated for the Croatian coast of the Adriatic Sea using a transfer function approach. This technique, whilst well practised from north Atlantic sites along the shores of America and UK, has previously evaded any published study in the Mediterranean region. A total of 70 surface samples were collected across separate transects established at two micro-tidal salt-marsh sites from the central Croatian coastline to establish a modern dataset of foraminifera. In addition, environmental variables were also investigated including salinity, pH, organic matter, particle size, distance (from open water) and altitude, relative to the Croatian national datum. Three sediment cores were sampled for fossil foraminifera and composite chronologies involving short-lived radionuclides, radiocarbon dating and pollution indicators from XRF. Age-depth models were created using classical and Bayesian approaches. Quantitative analysis of the foraminiferal assemblages revealed on average three faunal zones in which characteristic species occurred. This comprised a faunal zone composed almost exclusively of agglutinated species; J. macrescens, T. inflata and M. fusca extending between mean tidal level (MTL) and beyond MHWST (higher altitude). A second faunal zone was more variable and comprised of a mixed assemblage of agglutinated species described above in addition to calcareous species; Ammonia spp., Elphidium spp., Haynesina germanica and Quinqueloculina spp. This zone spanned a large vertical range above and below MTL. In a third faunal zone calcareous species dominated and was restricted to the lower altitudes of the salt-marsh environments. Further quantitative measures were employed to test the hypothesis that foraminiferal distributions were controlled by altitude. Partial ordination techniques revealed altitude as a statistically significant control confirming their suitability as proxies for sea-level in transfer function reconstructions. An analysis of species environment relationships revealed strong linear response suggesting the use of PLS regression models. Transfer functions were then developed for both site specific and a total combined dataset, where small r2 jack values largely reflected the short environmental gradients despite relatively low predictions errors (RMSEP jack = <0.11). The total combined dataset was chosen and screened to remove sample outliers improving model performance (r2 jack = 0.54 and RMSEP jack = 0.08). Finally, the transfer function model was applied to core sediments to reconstruct mean sea-level where an inflexion observed at AD 1940 showed acceleration comparable to other proxy reconstructions. Indeed this trend was similar to instrumental data from Trieste tide-gauge records. Similarly the transfer function reconstruction identifies the dramatic increases in MSL observed in both tide-gauge (Split and Trieste) and satellite observations since the early 1990s.
34
Clulow, Zeynep Deborah. "A multi-level analysis of the role of instrumentalist factors and worldviews in shaping CO2 emissions trends." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/37897/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis explores the factors behind national CO2 emissions trends. It highlights four instrumental – economic, social, political and environmental - explanations that scholars have posited to account for emissions behaviour and subsequently demonstrates that the artificial segregation of these approaches in the literature poses a major problem for the field. Since all of these factors matter some of the time, it argues that the research program needs to identify when each factor matters more than others and why. This thesis proposes that ideas play a key role in bringing instrumental factors to bare on climate policy. Fusing together social constructivism and the concepts of worldviews and problem representations from cognitive psychology, it proposes that instrumental factors will only have their alleged effects on emissions when a country, or the policymakers who act on its behalf, believes that the factor is of importance to world politics more broadly. Drawing on three of the leading schools of international thought, it proposes three ideal worldviews and problem representations, each of which envisages a different set of instrumentalist drivers and strategic response to climate change. Specifically, the neo-realist worldview upholds that emissions policy should maximise the gains of the state relative to others. The neo-liberal worldview, on the other hand, suggests that a state should design climate policy to minimise the domestic cost-benefit ratio of emissions behaviour. Painting a very different picture, the structuralist worldview prescribes that emissions policy should serve a state’s transnational class interests. The thesis tests these explanatory approaches by conducting a large-N study of 3,381 country-years, spanning eight supranational regions and 147 countries from 1990 to 2012. It builds a three-level model that accounts for (country and regional) clustering in emissions behaviour, thus reducing the potential for type I errors. The findings confirm that instrumental factors are indeed significant drivers of emissions trends. However, unlike previous quantitative work in the field, the results of the multilevel analyses suggest that most of these factors have heterogeneous effects between countries. The findings also suggest that worldviews play a critical role in determining what these effects are in two of the cases examined in the thesis: (i) democratization has a positive effect on emissions reduction in countries that subscribe to the neo-liberal worldview while (unexpectedly) inhibiting emissions reduction in countries that do not and (ii) a structuralist mind-set makes countries prioritise economic growth over a clean climate, thereby inhibiting emissions reduction.
35
Lutz, Wolfgang, and Samir KC. "Dimensions of global population projections: what do we know about future population trends and structures?" The Royal Society, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0133.
Full textAbstract:
The total size of the world population is likely to increase from its current 7 billion to 8-10 billion by 2050. This uncertainty is because of unknown future fertility and mortality trends in different parts of the world. But the young age structure of the population and the fact that in much of Africa and Western Asia, fertility is still very high makes an increase by at least one more billion almost certain. Virtually, all the increase will happen in the developing world. For the second half of the century, population stabilization and the onset of a decline are likely. In addition to the future size of the population, its distribution by age, sex, level of educational attainment and place of residence are of specific importance for studying future food security. The paper provides a detailed discussion of different relevant dimensions in population projections and an evaluation of the methods and assumptions used in current global population projections and in particular those produced by the United Nations and by IIASA.
36
Tenenholtz, John. "Trend and Acceleration: A Multi-model Approach to Key West Sea Level Rise." FIU Digital Commons, 2017. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3552.
Full textAbstract:
Sea level rise (SLR) varies depending on location. It is therefore important to local residents, businesses and government to analyze SLR locally. Further, because of increasing ice melt and other effects of climate change, rates of SLR may change. It is therefore also important to evaluate rates of change of SLR, which we call sea level acceleration (SLA) or deceleration.
The present thesis will review the annual average sea level data compiled at the Key West tidal gauge in Key West, Florida. We use a multi-model approach that compares the results of various models on that data set. The goal is to determine if there is a consistent result that can be ascertained from the various models.
Generally, all the models reveal a clear upward trend of SLR. Further, the models provide evidence that the trend has increased over the last 8-10 years, i.e., that there is SLA.
37
Bellingham, Clare. "Estimating the distribution of the mass component of sea level trends using tide gauges, altimetry and steric reconstructions." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2015. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/2013819/.
Full textAbstract:
The recent global mean sea level rise is dominated by the addition of water to the oceans, accounting for around two thirds of the increase. In contrast, altimetry trends from 1993 to 2010 reveal that the local trends are dominated by the steric contribution, involving density expansion from warming and freshening. We explore an intermediate view between the global and local reconstructions based upon zonal averaging. By combining altimetry or tide gauges along with steric reconstructions, we provide two independent estimates of the zonal average of the mass component of sea level trends. We find that the trend in the increase of mass is spatially dependent and can be partly explained using mass redistribution predictions from gravitational fingerprints. Our two estimates, though, have different zonally averaged patterns. We find that the mass contribution implied by altimetry results in a higher rate of sea level rise in the southern hemisphere and the tropics, while the tide gauges imply a higher rate of rise within the tropics. These different views can be reconciled by the sparse tide gauge data in the southern hemisphere and the tropics. We show that while various land movement corrections at each gauge can alter the magnitude of the trend, this does not impact on the general shape of their latitudinal distributions.
38
Fornango, Robert J. "Structural changes and neighborhood homicide trends in St. Louis, Missouri, 1980-2000 a multi-level and spatial analysis /." Diss., St. Louis, Mo. : University of Missouri--St. Louis, 2007. http://etd.umsl.edu/r2281.
Full text
39
Karabil, Sitar. "Determination Of Sea Level Trends And Vertical Land Motions From Satellite Altimetry And Tide Gauge Observations At The Mediterranean Coast Of Turkey." Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613971/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
A radar altimetry satellite measures the height of sea surface globally. However, tide gauges, measuring Sea Level Height (SLH), are set up on the Earth surface. Hence, SLHs are involved in vertical motion of the Earth crust. In this study, vertical motions of Earth crust have been separated from sea level variations.
After clustering of SSH observations with K-means approach, two outlier detection methods Pope and Interquartile (IQR) Tests are implemented in data. Afterwards, each altimetry measurement is relocated to the center point of own cluster by means of geoid height derived from Earth Gravitational Model 2008 (EGM08). Before application of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to see behavior of SSH inbetween clusters, Lomb Scargle algorithm is run to realize power spectrum of every clustered observations distinctly.
Besides, tide gauge measurements are used for extracting 68 constituents with T_Tide program from hourly tide gauge observations. Then, predicted signal is produced by means of classical tidal harmonic analysis. To get monthly and daily mean values of hourly data, MSDOS Processing and Quality Controlling Software (SLPR2) has been run and the results are compared with Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level (PSMSL) monthly mean sea level values. Afterwards, the trends from altimetry, tide gauge and GPS are investigated to reveal vertical land motion.
This study shows that sea level is rising every year more or less 7 mm at the Mediterranean coast of Turkey. Although Iskenderun tide gauge subsides 50 mm every year, the other stations do not show huge amount of vertical motion.
40
Hori, Kazuki. "Disaggregating Within-Person and Between-Person Effects in the Presence of Linear Time Trends in Time-Varying Predictors: Structural Equation Modeling Approach." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/103624.
Full textAbstract:
Educational researchers are often interested in phenomena that unfold over time within a person and at the same time, relationships between their characteristics that are stable over time. Since variables in a longitudinal study reflect both within- and between-person effects, researchers need to disaggregate them to understand the phenomenon of interest correctly. Although the person-mean centering technique has been believed as the gold standard of the disaggregation method, recent studies found that the centering did not work when there was a trend in the predictor. Hence, they proposed some detrending techniques to remove the systematic change; however, they were only applicable to multilevel models. Therefore, this dissertation develops novel detrending methods based on structural equation modeling (SEM). It also establishes the links between centering and detrending by reviewing a broad range of literature. The proposed SEM-based detrending methods are compared to the existing centering and detrending methods through a series of Monte Carlo simulations. The results indicate that (a) model misspecification for the time-varying predictors or outcomes leads to large bias of and standard error, (b) statistical properties of estimates of the within- and between-person effects are mostly determined by the type of between-person predictors (i.e., observed or latent), and (c) for unbiased estimation of the effects, models with latent between-person predictors require nonzero growth factor variances, while those with observed predictors at the between level need either nonzero or zero variance, depending on the parameter. As concluding remarks, some practical recommendations are provided based on the findings of the present study.Doctor of Philosophy
Educational researchers are often interested in longitudinal phenomena within a person and relations between the person's characteristics. Since repeatedly measured variables reflect their within- and between-person aspects, researchers need to disaggregate them statistically to understand the phenomenon of interest. Recent studies found that the traditional centering method, where the individual's average of a predictor was subtracted from the original predictor value, could not correctly disentangle the within- and between-person effects when the predictor showed a systematic change over time (i.e., trend). They proposed some techniques to remove the trend; however, the detrending methods were only applicable to multilevel models. Therefore, the present study develops novel detrending methods using structural equation modeling. The proposed models are compared to the existing methods through a series of Monte Carlo simulations, where we can manipulate a data-generating model and its parameter values. The results indicate that (a) model misspecification for the time-varying predictor or outcome leads to systematic deviation of the estimates from their true values, (b) statistical properties of estimates of the effects are mostly determined by the type of between-person predictors (i.e., observed or latent), and (c) the latent predictor models require nonzero growth factor variances for unbiased estimation, while the observed predictor models need either nonzero or zero variance, depending on the parameter. As concluding remarks, some recommendations for the practitioners are provided.
41
Fennell, S. "A study of agricultural production at the level of household, community and region : long term trends in India and China." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.598973.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines agricultural production in key regions of India and China through three articles examining the relation of agricultural production to socio-economic processes that operate at household, community and provincial levels respectively. The first article studies the implications of the norms of gender seclusion and segregation for the location and contribution of women to agricultural production in the local economy. The spatial constraints imposed on women by these two norms are shown to differ in terms of specific demarcation of areas of the household, with seclusion dominating in the construction of categories of ‘inside’ and ‘outside’ and segregation dominating the creation of ‘female’ and ‘male’ spaces. These categories are used to re-examine early twentieth century household survey data, from localities in the Jiangnan and the Doab. The second article focuses on the resource appropriation strategies of local elites and their consequences for the economic development of the local economy. The interactions between households within the elite groups, as well as those between the elites and other groups such as the local officials, are examined to obtain insights into the extent to which horizontal and vertical linkages contribute to the ability of the local elites to acquire political dominance in the local sphere. Vertical and horizontal linkages are studied, firstly, by drawing on new archival materials and ethnographic studies on the local sphere in the eighteenth century Jiangnan and Doab, and secondly, by situating these linkages within the larger political context of a model of patronage. The third article addresses long term trends in regional cereal production by undertaking an analysis of the statistical indicators of area, production and yields throughout India and China in the latter half of the twentieth century. The provincial trends are analysed by constructing a growth-instability typology to ascertain whether current trends in cereal production are an adequate basis for determining the future contributions of an individual province to national cereal production.
42
Thomas, Jerold R. "The practice of local economic development : expert identification of trends and issues affecting economic development at the county level in Ohio /." The Ohio State University, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486474078049536.
Full text
43
Thorén, Daniel. "Radar based tank level measurement using machine learning : Agricultural machines." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Programvara och system, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-176259.
Full textAbstract:
Agriculture is becoming more dependent on computerized solutions to make thefarmer’s job easier. The big step that many companies are working towards is fullyautonomous vehicles that work the fields. To that end, the equipment fitted to saidvehicles must also adapt and become autonomous. Making this equipment autonomoustakes many incremental steps, one of which is developing an accurate and reliable tanklevel measurement system. In this thesis, a system for tank level measurement in a seedplanting machine is evaluated. Traditional systems use load cells to measure the weightof the tank however, these types of systems are expensive to build and cumbersome torepair. They also add a lot of weight to the equipment which increases the fuel consump-tion of the tractor. Thus, this thesis investigates the use of radar sensors together witha number of Machine Learning algorithms. Fourteen radar sensors are fitted to a tankat different positions, data is collected, and a preprocessing method is developed. Then,the data is used to test the following Machine Learning algorithms: Bagged RegressionTrees (BG), Random Forest Regression (RF), Boosted Regression Trees (BRT), LinearRegression (LR), Linear Support Vector Machine (L-SVM), Multi-Layer Perceptron Re-gressor (MLPR). The model with the best 5-fold crossvalidation scores was Random For-est, closely followed by Boosted Regression Trees. A robustness test, using 5 previouslyunseen scenarios, revealed that the Boosted Regression Trees model was the most robust.The radar position analysis showed that 6 sensors together with the MLPR model gavethe best RMSE scores.In conclusion, the models performed well on this type of system which shows thatthey might be a competitive alternative to load cell based systems.
44
Sullivan, Neal H. "An algorithm for a landscape level model of mast production /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3013030.
Full text
45
Patel, Tejashkumar. "Anaysis of the Trend of Historical Temperature and Historic CO2 Levels Over the Past 800,000 Years by Short Time Cross Correlation Technique." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för fysik och elektroteknik (IFE), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-105031.
Full textAbstract:
Carbon Dioxide concentration in Earth’s atmosphere is currently at 417 Parts permillion (ppm) and keep rising. Historic CO2 levels and historic temperature levels hasbeen cycling over the past 800,000 years. To study the trend of CO2 and temperatureover past 800,00 years, one needs to find out the relation between historic CO2 andhistoric temperature levels. In this project, we will perform different tasks to identify thetrend influencer between CO2 and temperature. Cross correlation technique is used tofind out the relation between two random signals. Temperature and CO2 data areconsidered as two random signals. Re-sampling by Interpolation techniques are imposedon both CO2 and temperature data for the change of sampling rate. Short time crosscorrelation technique is employed on the CO2 and temperature data over the differenttime windows to find out the time lag. Time lag refers to how far the signals are offset.
46
Hoang, Vinh Hien. "Analysis of the Existing Fashion Retail Concepts and its Coming Trends." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-114363.
Full textAbstract:
The increase of trading has created many environmental, ecological, social and ethical problems. The main concern across all industries is to create more sustainable, eco-friendly and ethical manufacturing processes. Only by influence consumer's purchasing behavior there might be the demand for eco-green products. The fashion and textile industry as one of the main contributor to the world's economy is one of the main environmental polluter (e.g.: soil, lakes, river and air). Recently, many young fashion designers started to offer eco-green fashion to the market. This new phenomenon might change the course of the world fashion industry. The goal of this research is to find out the real demand for eco-green products and its impacts on the traditional methods of fashion manufacturing. Three geographical areas where chosen to represent consumption side (US and EU (UK)) and manufacturing side (China). The specific fashion garment was chosen to demonstrate detailed analysis of the manufacturing processes and its new eco-green formula -- the denim jeans. The primary and secondary research approaches were chosen to cover the whole industrial view on this phenomenon. The outcome of the research showed that the major impact was on the general consumer's purchasing behavior and their life style. It is a new trend and concept that is reshaping the traditional fashion business models. Denim jeans industry leaders such as Levi's Strauss are in process of implementing eco-green, ethical and fair-trade factors into their long-term strategy.
47
Sullivan, Margaret. "The effects of charter school competition on enrollment trends and teacher-reported school-level policies and behaviors in the District of Columbia Public Schools." CONNECT TO ELECTRONIC THESIS, 2007. http://dspace.wrlc.org/handle/1961/4274.
Full text
48
Peters, Holly R. "Secular trends of stature and body mass index in Australian defence force personnel from the Boer war (1899) to contemporary uniform service members (2017)." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/118540/2/Holly%20Peters%20Thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines the fluctuations in stature and BMI over the past century of Australian Military personnel. The influence of changes to the biological standard of living, being born in rural versus urban towns and occupation to personnel's stature and BMI was examined. Findings highlighted the non-linear increase in stature, its strong links to occupation and fluctuations that corresponded with environmental influences. This research has provided Australian stature standards for personnel from the Boer War to WWII and may be useful in assessing the biological profile of remains.
49
Läthén, Gunnar. "Level Set Segmentation and Volume Visualization of Vascular Trees." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Medie- och Informationsteknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-97371.
Full textAbstract:
Medical imaging is an important part of the clinical workflow. With the increasing amount and complexity of image data comes the need for automatic (or semi-automatic) analysis methods which aid the physician in the exploration of the data. One specific imaging technique is angiography, in which the blood vessels are imaged using an injected contrast agent which increases the contrast between blood and surrounding tissue. In these images, the blood vessels can be viewed as tubular structures with varying diameters. Deviations from this structure are signs of disease, such as stenoses introducing reduced blood flow, or aneurysms with a risk of rupture. This thesis focuses on segmentation and visualization of blood vessels, consituting the vascular tree, in angiography images. Segmentation is the problem of partitioning an image into separate regions. There is no general segmentation method which achieves good results for all possible applications. Instead, algorithms use prior knowledge and data models adapted to the problem at hand for good performance. We study blood vessel segmentation based on a two-step approach. First, we model the vessels as a collection of linear structures which are detected using multi-scale filtering techniques. Second, we develop machine-learning based level set segmentation methods to separate the vessels from the background, based on the output of the filtering. In many applications the three-dimensional structure of the vascular tree has to be presented to a radiologist or a member of the medical staff. For this, a visualization technique such as direct volume rendering is often used. In the case of computed tomography angiography one has to take into account that the image depends on both the geometrical structure of the vascular tree and the varying concentration of the injected contrast agent. The visualization should have an easy to understand interpretation for the user, to make diagnostical interpretations reliable. The mapping from the image data to the visualization should therefore closely follow routines that are commonly used by the radiologist. We developed an automatic method which adapts the visualization locally to the contrast agent, revealing a larger portion of the vascular tree while minimizing the manual intervention required from the radiologist. The effectiveness of this method is evaluated in a user study involving radiologists as domain experts.
50
Isley, Shane D. "Toward a functional approach to goal setting." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2007. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5162/.
Full textAbstract:
A variable that may be associated with performance improvements is goal setting (within and across days). Easy-to-achieve goals will likely produce gradual trends in improvement and difficult-to-achieve goals steeper trends. The purpose of the current experiments was to study the effects of setting easy-to-achieve and difficult-to-achieve goals on the level, trend, and variability of correct, incorrect, and skip responses for math tasks when reinforcement contingencies and numbers of practices were held constant. Five undergraduate students answered math problems on flash cards in 30s timings. Single case design elements were used to evaluate the effects of different types of goals on the speed and accuracy of performance. The results revealed that goal setting primarily increased the frequency of incorrect responses and both the level and trend of skip responses. The implications of these findings and other important variables that influence the effectiveness of goal setting are discussed. In addition, the authors suggest guidelines to follow when implementing goals to improve performance.