Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Level intersections'
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Rencelj, Marco. "The methodology for predicting the expected level of traffic safety in the different types of level intersections." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trieste, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10077/3154.
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2007/2008Traffic accidents cause high material and human losses, what is reflected in society. The logical result is the need for efficient road safety in designing a new and the existing road system. Slovenia is, like other new EU Member States, aware of its tasks for improving traffic safety. In accordance with very clear demands of European transport policy about road safety – that is an EU recommendation of halving the number of road accident victims in the European Union by 2010 – Slovenia has also put into its national program a decision to halve the number of dead casualties on Slovenian roads. Unfortunately, the current situation in the field of road safety in Slovenia is - despite the highly ambitious plans - still not satisfactory. It has to be admitted that traffic safety in Slovenia has been improved during the last years but we still have not achieved the objectives of reducing road accidents, injured participants or dead casualties. One of the "steps" to achieved desired level is also to improve existent road infrastructure. Road infrastructure improvement supposed to be applied to "black spots" first. For safety management it is well known, that we have three main motives for safety management: economic effectiveness, professional and institutional responsibility, and fairness. Survey among 25 EU states about estimating the most effective short, medium, and long term measures - both at national level and at EU level - shown, that measures related to infrastructure safety management (such as high-risk site management - black spot management), road safety audit and road safety inspection, are generally recognized as a high priority. While high-risk site management is a short-term measure, other infrastructure safety management measures make their impact in the medium to long term. One of the possible approaches to identification of "safety problems" (safety deficiencies: accident frequency, accident rate, accident severity) is also use of accident prediction models (APM). With those models and use of various criteria we can detect not only "black spots" but also "larger targets". A large number of "statistical predictive safety models" are described in the literature. Many attempts were done to use those models to establish a relationship between various traffic parameters and the number of accidents at road sections or road intersections. For statistical safety prediction models it is often suggested that accident occurrences are discrete, sporadic and random in nature. Thereby it is suggested to use Poisson regression models. The variation in accident occurrence is also considered to be due in part to the systematic variation in identified traffic measures such is traffic flow rates, measures of speed and intersection design parameters. Discrete, Poisson or negative binomial distributions are usefully applied to estimate the number of accidents that occur at road sections / intersections over a particular period of time. For accident prediction modeling the "generalized linear modeling" approach has been found to be particularly useful. This approach accounts for the fact that the dependent variable (e.g. number of accidents) does not need to be normally distributed (as is often the approach to describe the relationship between accident frequency and traffic flows on major and minor roads at intersections). For the purpose of this work I collect different types of data for 60 level intersections on state road network in Slovenia. I divide those intersections into four different groups: 3-leg without left turn lanes on major road, 3-leg with left turn lanes on major road, 4-leg without left turn lanes on major road and 4-leg with left turn lanes on major road. All intersections were in rural area - outside urban area - with limited influence (or no influence at all) of pedestrians or / and cyclists. For observed intersections I collect different types of needed data: data about traffic accident for last 5 years (from 2002 - 2006), data about traffic (AADT on major and minor road), data about geometrical elements of the intersections, alignment of legs and other needed data (lane / shoulder width, speed limit, lighting, present of left / right turn lanes, type of terrain etc.) After study of relevant literature I consider two different types of APM, which seemed to be correct and useful for my research work. I evaluate those different types of APM and made calculation for data which I obtained. At the end I made the correlation between those models with use of an empirical Bayesin method for calculating adjusted accident frequency.
XXI Ciclo
1973
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Zhang, Zheshuo. "Dynamics of road vehicles crossing rail-road intersections." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2019. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/132688/2/Zheshuo%20Zhang%20Thesis.pdf.
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This project was a step forward in redesigning level crossing for improved safety of level crossing infrastructure. A vehicle-tire-obstacle model capable of predicting the vehicle dynamic behaviour as well as the tire-obstacle contact forces was developed from basic equations of motion. The thesis investigated the profile of redesigned level crossing from the perspective of road vehicle dynamics including the safety risk to the occupant and the dislodgement risk of the freights in the road vehicles. It was shown that the redesigned level crossings can save lives and avoid damages to trains, road vehicles and the related infrastructure.
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Gamble, Stephanie Nicole. "Conical Intersections and Avoided Crossings of Electronic Energy Levels." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/101899.
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We study the unique phenomena which occur in certain systems characterized by the crossing or avoided crossing of two electronic eigenvalues. First, an example problem will be investigated for a given Hamiltonian resulting in a codimension 1 crossing by implementing results by Hagedorn from 1994. Then we perturb the Hamiltonian to study the system for the corresponding avoided crossing by implementing results by Hagedorn and Joye from 1998. The results from these demonstrate the behavior which occurs at a codimension 1 crossing and avoided crossing and illustrates the differences. These solutions may also be used in further studies with Herman-Kluk propagation and more.
Secondly, we study codimension 2 crossings by considering a more general type of wave packet. We focus on the case of Schrödinger equation but our methods are general enough to be adapted to other systems with the geometric conditions therein. The motivation comes from the construction of surface hopping algorithms giving an approximation of the solution of a system of Schrödinger equations coupled by a potential admitting a conical intersection, in the spirit of Herman-Kluk approximation (in close relation with frozen/thawed approximations). Our main Theorem gives explicit transition formulas for the profiles when passing through a conical crossing point, including precise computation of the transformation of the phase and its proof is based on a normal form approach.Doctor of Philosophy
We study energies of molecular systems in which special circumstances occur. In particular, when these energies intersect, or come close to intersecting. These phenomena give rise to unique physics which allows special reactions to occur and are thus of interest to study. We study one example of a more specific type of energy level crossing and avoided crossing, and then consider another type of crossing in a more general setting. We find solutions for these systems to draw our results from.
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Johnston, Nathan R. "Development of a Bicycle Level of Service Methodology for Two-Way Stop-Controlled (TWSC) Intersections." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2014. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1168.
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This thesis fills a missing piece in research on multimodal performance measures for traffic on streets and highways. The Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) published by the Transportation Research Board (TRB) provides Level of Service (LOS) methodologies which enable engineers and planners to evaluate the overall performance of roadways and highways based on the physical characteristics of facilities. This allows for the evaluation of those facilities and offers a means for recognizing issues and planning, designing, implementing, and ultimately assessing improvements. Originally, level of service was developed for automotive traffic only, but with recent developments as part of the complete streets movement, the performance of infrastructure for alternative transportation modes have also started being assessed in this fashion. There are methodologies in HCM 2010 for bicycle traffic at signalized intersections, all-way stop-controlled intersections, roadway and highway segments, but as of yet, no bicycle level of service methodology exists for two-way stop-controlled intersections. This work attempts to fill this gap. The methodology utilized for this report includes video collection of sample two-way stop-controlled intersections throughout California, collection of survey responses from viewers of video, and linear regression of collected survey responses with physical attributes of each sample intersection as the explanatory variables. Data was analyzed from both combined and individual street movements to determine the final equation set. The final methodology involves two separate procedures for major and minor streets at TWSC intersections. Final factors deemed significant in bicycle level of service analysis include sight distances, speed limits, presence of bus stops, presence and type of bicycle infrastructure, street widths and types of lanes present, pavement quality, and traffic flows.
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Almonte, Valdivia Ana Maria. "Level-of-service and traffic safety relationship an exploratory analysis of signalized intersections and multilane high-speed arterial corridors /." Orlando, Fla. : University of Central Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/CFE0002615.
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Almonte-Valdivia, Ana. "Level-of-Service and Traffic Safety Relationship: An Exploratory Analysis of Signalized Intersections and Multiland High-Speed Arterial Corridors." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2009. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3372.
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Since its inception in 1965, the Level-of-Service (LOS) has proved to be an important and practical "quality of service" indicator for transportation facilities around the world, widely used in the transportation and planning fields. The LOS rates these facilities' traffic operating conditions through the following delay-based indicators (ordered from best to worst conditions): A, B, C, D, E and F. This LOS rating has its foundation on quantifiable measures of effectiveness (MOEs) and on road users' perceptions; altogether, these measures define a LOS based on acceptable traffic operating conditions for the road user, implying that traffic safety is inherent to this definition. However, since 1994 safety has been excluded from the LOS definition since it cannot be quantified nor explicitly defined. The latter has been the motivation for research based on the LOS-Safety relationship, conducted at the University of Central Florida (UCF). Using data from two of the most studied transportation facility types within the field of traffic safety, signalized intersections and multilane high-speed arterial corridors, the research conducted has the following main objectives: to incorporate the LOS as a parameter in several traffic safety models, to extend the methodology adopted in previous studies to the subject matter, and to provide a platform for future transportation-related research on the LOS-Safety relationship. A meticulous data collection and preparation process was performed for the two LOS-Safety studies comprising this research. Apart from signalized intersections' and multilane-high speed arterial corridors' data, the other required types of information corresponded to crashes and road features, both obtained from FDOT's respective databases. In addition, the Highway Capacity Software (HCS) and the ArcGIS software package were extensively used for the data preparation. The result was a representative and robust dataset for each LOS-Safety study, to be later tested and analyzed with appropriate statistical methods. Regarding the LOS-Safety study for signalized intersections, two statistical techniques were used. The Generalized Estimating Equations (GEEs), the first technique, was used for the analyses considering all periods of a regular weekday (i.e. Monday through Friday): Early Morning, A.M. Peak, Midday, P.M. Peak and Late Evening; the second technique considered was the Negative Binomial, which was used for performing an individual analysis per period of the day. On the other hand, the LOS-Safety study for multilane high-speed arterial corridors made exclusive use of the Negative Binomial technique. An appropriate variable selection process was required for the respective model building and calibration procedures; the resulting models were built upon the six following response variables: total crashes, severe crashes, as well as rear-end, sideswipe, head-on and angle plus left-turn crashes. The final results proved to be meaningful for the understanding of traffic congestion effects on road safety, and on how they could be useful within the transportation planning scope. Overall, it was found that the risk for crash occurrence at signalized intersections and multilane high-speed arterial corridors is quite high between stable and unacceptable operating conditions; it was also found that this risk increases as it becomes later in the day. Among the significant factors within the signalized intersection-related models were LOS for the intersection as a whole, cycle length, lighting conditions, land use, traffic volume (major and minor roads), left-turn traffic volume (major road only), posted speed limit (major and minor roads), total number of through lanes (major and minor roads), overall total and total number of left-turn lanes (major road only), as well as county and period of the day (dummy variables). For multilane-high speed arterial corridors, the final models included LOS for the road section, average daily traffic (ADT), total number of through lanes in a single direction, total length of the road section, pavement surface type, as well as median and inside shoulder widths. A summary of the overall results per study, model implications and each LOS indicator is presented. Some of the final recommendations are to develop models for other crash types, to perform a LOS-Safety analysis at the approach-level for signalized intersections, as well as one that incorporates intersections within the arterial corridors' framework.M.S.
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Engineering and Computer Science
Civil Engineering MS
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Kumar, Manjunathan. "A Preliminary Examination of Data Envelopment Analysis for Prioritizing Improvements of a Set of Independent Four Way Signalized Intersections in a Region." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30852.
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Evaluation of critical transportation infrastructure and their operation is vital for continuous evolution to meet the growing needs of the society with time. The current practice of evaluating signalized intersections has two steps. The first is to determine the level of service at which the intersection is performing. Level of Service (LOS) is based on the average delay per vehicle that gets past the particular intersection under consideration. The second step is to do a capacity analysis. This considers the number of lanes and other infrastructure related factors and also includes the influence of the control strategies.
The above-described procedure evaluates any one intersection at a time. It is necessary to compare and rank a given set of intersections for planning purposes such as choosing the sites for improvements.
The research work presented in this thesis demonstrates how Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) can be used as a tool to achieve the purpose of comparing and ranking a given set of comparable intersections. This study elaborates on various ways of representing different characteristics of an intersection. The demonstration has been restricted to four way signalized intersections.
The intersections that were used for demonstration as part of this research were created in a controlled random fashion by simulation.Master of Science
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Ortolani, Giseli Aparecida. "Comparação do desempenho de dispositivos de interseções rodoviárias em nível utilizando o simulador Integration." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18137/tde-20062017-102938/.
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O trabalho contém uma avaliação do desempenho operacional do tráfego de veículos em três tipos de dispositivos rodoviários em nível, utilizando como critério a capacidade para os diversos níveis de serviço, incluindo uma análise comparativa do entre eles. A avaliação do desempenho é feita com base nos resultados fornecidos pelo simulador INTEGRATION. Os três dispositivos analisados, são: semi-rotatória com prioridade para os veículos da via principal, rotatória com prioridade para os veículos da via principal e rotatória com prioridade para os veículos da via circular. No trabalho também é realizada uma análise de alguns aspectos relevantes da lógica utilizada pelo INTEGRATION e de resultados fornecidos pelo simulador em alguns casos particulares simples, através da comparação de valores obtidos variando-se para alguns parâmetros, bem como da comparação com resultados fornecidos por outros modelos de avaliação de desempenho de interseções com sinal de parada obrigatória ou dê a preferência.The work contains a performance evaluation of the traffic vehicles in the three types of Road intersections at grade used in Brazil, using as criteria the capacity relatively to the level of service. A comparative analysis of the performance of these intersections is also presented. The performance evaluation is made based on the supplied results by the INTEGRATION simulator. The three analyzed intersections, are: semi roundabout with priority for the vehicles of the main road, roundabout with priority for the vehicles the main road and roundabout with priority for the vehicles in the circular road (modern roundabout).In this research an analysis is also accomplished about some important aspects of the INTEGRATION logic and of the supplied results by the simulator in some specific cases, through the comparison of obtained values being varied some parameters, as well as the comparison with results supplied by other evaluation models of intersections performance with STOP SIGN and GIVE WAY traffic signs.
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Braun, Kelsey. "Intersectional Sexual Minority Stress and Recognition of Macro-Level Dynamics." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2021. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2021/presentations/56.
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Lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals, also known as sexual minorities, endure unique and excess stressors due to their stigmatized sexual minority identity. Commonly referred to as minority stress, these stressors may potentially lead to poorer mental health outcomes among sexual minority individuals as compared to their heterosexual counterparts. The manifestation and extent of these stressors depend on the complex relationships between one’s simultaneous intersecting identities (e.g., race, gender, and sexual orientation) and macro-level inequality reinforcement (e.g., structural barriers, societal representation, politics). Inequality at the macro-level creates power and oppression on a larger scale by emphasizing dominant societal norms and belief systems, which, in turn, could have consequences on interpersonal and individual levels. Previous minority stress literature neglects macro-level impact and tends to view sexual minorities as a homogenous group. In an effort to highlight within-group variability of minority stressors and their impact on sexual minorities at the intersection of race and gender, an intersectional lens was applied to assess existing minority stress literature that corresponded with three types of intersectionality (i.e., structural intersectionality, representational intersectionality, political intersectionality). Sexual minority stress research, with emphasis on external stressors aligning with macro-level forces, was selected for review. After organizing the literature by race, gender, and specific sexual minority identity, an intersectional lens was applied to explain the variation of experience based on converging identity intersections of sexual minority individuals. The variation of mental health outcomes was also identified. Findings revealed that literature primarily lined-up with structural intersectionality, followed by representational intersectionality, and, finally, political intersectionality. Ideally, this review would have equally distributed information on all within-group identity combinations, but this review further highlights group underrepresentation in the literature. Consistencies emerged for bisexuals and sexual minorities of color (SMOC) across the structural, representational, and political intersectionality categorizations. Overall, bisexuals and SMOC appear to be at a more significant macro-level disadvantage than gay or lesbian individuals and White sexual minorities. A recognizable pattern occurred based on gender across race/ethnicity in relation to structural and representational intersectionality. The stressors for women and gender minorities occurred in the context of societal power, assumed heterosexuality, and healthcare. By contrast, stressors for men concerned geographic location, employment, workplace, and appearance. While very little minority stress literature corresponded with political intersectionality, this review highlighted a large gap in previous research and what to explore in the future. The findings highlight the similarities and differences encountered by sexual minorities related to experiences, stress, and mental health regarding macro-level impacts. Additionally, gaps in the minority stress literature were also revealed, such as underrepresented identities and political influence. In the future, incorporation of intersectionality that should be applied prior to conducting minority stress research for a more comprehensive understanding.
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Burkhart, Craig. "Approval Voting Theory with Multiple Levels of Approval." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/hmc_theses/26.
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Approval voting is an election method in which voters may cast votes for as many candidates as they desire. This can be modeled mathematically by associating to each voter an approval region: a set of potential candidates they approve. In this thesis we add another level of approval somewhere in between complete approval and complete disapproval. More than one level of approval may be a better model for a real-life voter's complex decision making. We provide a new definition for intersection that supports multiple levels of approval. The case of pairwise intersection is studied, and the level of agreement among voters is studied under restrictions on the relative size of each voter's preferences. We derive upper and lower bounds for the percentage of agreement based on the percentage of intersection.
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Carroli, Linda. "Regional planning in transition: Policy narratives at the intersection of regional planning and sustainable infrastructure transitions." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2020. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/205320/1/Linda_Carroli_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis examines how policy narratives inform the regional planning approach to sustainable infrastructure transitions. Many infrastructure systems are locked into unsustainable paths, resulting in policy, land use and infrastructure relationships that are path dependent. The research finds policy narratives indicate that infrastructure systems are reconfigured amid tensions, resistance and trade-offs that inhibit and displace sustainable innovation and transition pathways. In its current traditional form, regional planning is bound to highly institutionalised and normative conditions that resist innovative, co-evolutionary and transformative change in pursuing sustainable infrastructure transitions.
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Rinaldi, Anthony P. "The intersection of counseling pychology and the prescriptive authority for psychologists movement: a qualitative exploration at the level of the professional organization." Diss., University of Iowa, 2017. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/5833.
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The prescriptive authority for psychologists (RxP) movement contends that psychologists who receive specialized training should attain licensure to prescribe psychotropic medication. The RxP movement has presently culminated in psychologists in the United States prescribing at both the state and federal levels. However, the RxP movement remains contentious, and both supporters and opponents continue to disagree over its validity as a professional movement.
Division 17 of the American Psychological Association, the counseling psychology specialty’s professional organization, has not officially discussed the RxP movement since 1994. Given the developments within the RxP movement since then, this study endeavored to investigate the current perceptions of prescriptive authority among the Executive Board leadership of Division 17. Researchers conducted semi-structured interviews with current and former members of the Executive Board and then used a consensual qualitative research (CQR) methodology to qualitatively generate findings across participants’ responses. Participants shared qualified support of prescriptive authority, despite indicating no interest in prescribing themselves, and they reported that they saw prescriptive practice as consistent with the professional identity of counseling psychology. Participants also suggested that Division 17 could proceed with the RxP movement by developing a Special Task Group (STG) to investigate prescriptive authority among its members. These conclusions indicate that members of the Executive Board are well positioned to lead Division 17 forward in addressing prescriptive authority by creating a STG to further explore the issue for counseling psychology.
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Greene, Pamela L. "A Multi-Method Dispositional Study of the Intersection of Democratic Citizenship and Education Policy from the Unique Perspectives of Twenty State-level Policymakers." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1259743242.
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Tippabhotla, Anupama. "Interaction patterns and web-structures of resonant solitons of the kadomtsev-petviashvili equation." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0001242.
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Del, Mar Velarde Alberto Martín, and Palomino Inés Esluvia Vásquez. "Propuesta para la reducción del congestionamiento vehicular en las avenidas La Marina y Faustino Sánchez Carrión, desde la Av. Antonio José de Sucre hasta la Av. Gregorio Escobedo, mediante el uso del software Synchro 8." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/625953.
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La congestión vehicular se ha convertido en una constante en la vida citadina y Lima no es la excepción. Sin embargo, existen acciones que pueden ser implementadas para minimizar el tiempo que se pierde al circular por vías de alto tránsito, especialmente durante horas pico, como es el caso de la red constituida por las avenidas Faustino Sánchez Carrión. y La Marina, desde la Av. Gregorio Escobedo hasta la Av. Antonio José de Sucre.
En ese contexto, el propósito del presente trabajo es brindar una alternativa de gestión de la oferta vial que contribuya con la optimización de los indicadores de medición del tráfico; entre ellos, el grado de saturación, el nivel de servicio de las intersecciones que forman parte de la investigación y las demoras por tiempo de espera. Para ello, se hace uso de Synchro 8, un software de simulación que sirve de soporte para la generación del modelo de solución, efectuado a nivel mesoscópico.
Synchro es compatible con el Highway Capacity Manual - HCM 2000 y 2010; pero además, cuenta con una serie de herramientas que le permiten incorporar su propia técnica de análisis. En el caso de este proyecto, la evaluación del tráfico se desarrolla mediante la Metodología del Automóvil de HCM 2010; sin considerar el análisis de peatones ni ciclistas.
Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que es posible optimizar el tráfico vehicular a través del uso correcto de simuladores de tránsito y no solo con intervenciones geométricas de gran escala o excesiva inversión en nueva infraestructura.Traffic congestion has become a constant in city life, and Lima is not the exception. However, there are actions that can be implemented to minimize the time lost when traveling on high-traffic routes, especially during rush hours, such as the case of the road network formed by the Faustino Sánchez Carrión and La Marina avenues, from Gregorio Escobedo Ave. to Antonio José de Sucre Ave. In that context, the purpose of this project is to provide an alternative of road offer management which contributed to improving traffic measurement indicators; among them, saturation degree, intersections level of service that are part of the research, and delays due to waiting time. In doing so, Synchro 8 is used. This simulation software functions as a support for the solution model generation, which is performed at the mesoscopic level. Synchro is compatible with the Highway Capacity Manual - HCM 2000 and 2010; but also, it has a set of tools that allow it to incorporate its own analysis technique. In the case of this project, traffic evaluation is developed on the basis of vehicular operation system by means of the HCM 2010 Automobile Methodology; that is, the pedestrians and cyclists analysis are not taken into consideration. The results obtained show that it is possible to optimize vehicular traffic through the correct use of traffic simulators and not only through large-scale geometric interventions, or with excessive investment in new infrastructure.
Tesis
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Yang, Qing. "Segmentation d'images ultrasonores basée sur des statistiques locales avec une sélection adaptative d'échelles." Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00869975.
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La segmentation d'images est un domaine important dans le traitement d'images et un grand nombre d'approches différentes ent été développées pendant ces dernières décennies. L'approche des contours actifs est un des plus populaires. Dans ce cadre, cette thèse vise à développer des algorithmes robustes, qui peuvent segmenter des images avec des inhomogénéités d'intensité. Nous nous concentrons sur l'étude des énergies externes basées région dans le cadre des ensembles de niveaux. Précisément, nous abordons la difficulté de choisir l'échelle de la fenêtre spatiale qui définit la localité. Notre contribution principale est d'avoir proposé une échelle adaptative pour les méthodes de segmentation basées sur les statistiques locales. Nous utilisons l'approche d'Intersection des Intervalles de Confiance pour définir une échelle position-dépendante pour l'estimation des statistiques image. L'échelle est optimale dans le sens où elle donne le meilleur compromis entre le biais et la variance de l'approximation polynomiale locale de l'image observée conditionnellement à la segmentation actuelle. De plus, pour le model de segmentation basé sur une interprétation Bahésienne avec deux noyaux locaux, nous suggérons de considérer leurs valeurs séparément. Notre proposition donne une segmentation plus lisse avec moins de délocalisations que la méthode originale. Des expériences comparatives de notre proposition à d'autres méthodes de segmentation basées sur des statistiques locales sont effectuées. Les résultats quantitatifs réalisés sur des images ultrasonores de simulation, montrent que la méthode proposée est plus robuste au phénomène d'atténuation. Des expériences sur des images réelles montrent également l'utilité de notre approche.
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Jelena, Mitrović Simić. "Nivo usluge na nesignalisanim pešačkim prelazima." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Fakultet tehničkih nauka u Novom Sadu, 2016. http://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=99735&source=NDLTD&language=en.
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Istraživanje koje je sprovedeno u okviru disertacije poslužilo je za definisanje matematičkog modela koji se može primeniti u postupku određivanja nivoa usluge za nesignalisane pešačke prelaze. Formirani model za proračun stepena propuštanja pešaka u uslovima lokalnog odvijanja saobraćaja zavisi od protoka pešaka i vozila, strukture saobraćajnog toka (učešće autobusa i teretnih vozila) i smera kretanja vozila na lokaciji pešačkog prelaza. U okviru disertacije izvršena je analiza pešačkih intervala prilikom prelaska kolovoza. Uporednom analizom prihvatljivih i kritičnih intervala dobijen je model ponašanja pešaka u zavisnosti od karakteristika lokacije nesignalisanog pešačkog prelaza. Utvrđena je zavisnost između dužine prihvaćenih intervala pešaka prilikom prelaska kolovoza i uslova odvijanja saobraćaja, polnih karakteristika pešaka i broja pešaka koji prelaze kolovoz na nesignalisanom pešačkom prelazu.The study, which was conducted within the thesis, has served to define a mathematical model that can be applied in the process of determining the level of service at unsignalized pedestrian crossings. The formed model for motorist yield rate, in terms of the local pedestrian traffic flow, depends on pedestrian and vehicular flow rate, traffic flow structure (the share of buses and freight vehicles), and vehicle moving at the location of a pedestrian crossing. The pedestrian gap acceptance behaviour has also been analysed. Comparative analysis of acceptable and critical pedestrian gap was conducted. Model of pedestrian behaviour, which depending on the site characteristics, was formed and it has been proven a correlation between the length of the accepted pedestrian gaps and the roadway and traffic conditions, gender characteristics and the number of pedestrians at unsignalized crossings.
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Tischler, Kathleen. "Neue Ansätze zur Nutzung von Induktionsschleifen-Daten an Lichtsignalanlagen." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-200896.
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Die vorliegende Dissertationsschrift widmet sich zwei Zielen: Mittels Induktionsschleifen-Detektoren einerseits die Verkehrsregelung an Knotenpunkten durch die Minimierung von Fahrzeughalten zu verbessern, und andererseits eine Veränderung der Verkehrsqualität durch die Schätzung von Kfz-Wartezeiten automatisiert zu erheben.
Im ersten Teil wird ein modellbasiertes Steuerverfahren entwickelt, das Grünzeiten verkehrsabhängig und lokal anpasst. Es kann sehr gut in eine übergeordnete Steuerung zur Koordinierung in Verkehrsnetzen eingebunden werden und überlässt dieser die Optimierung von Phasenfolgen, Umlauf- und Versatzzeiten.
Um auch bei hohen Auslastungen Kapazitäten bestmöglich zu nutzen, priorisiert es zunächst die Leerung von Warteschlangen. Anschließend erfolgt die Anpassung der Grünzeiten zwischen einer minimalen und maximalen Dauer so, dass Fahrzeughalte minimiert werden. Dafür werden Detektoren in ausreichender Entfernung im Zufluss einer Kreuzung verwendet, um Fahrzeugankünfte an der Haltelinie für die aktuelle und die nächste Phase zu prognostizieren. Bei der sich anschließenden Bilanzierung potenzieller Fahrzeughalte und der Wahl des günstigsten Umschaltzeitpunktes kann auf zusätzliche Modellannahmen verzichtet werden. Die Simulationsergebnisse zeigen, dass bei einer Minimierung der Fahrzeughalte gleichzeitig eine Reduktion von Wartezeiten möglich ist.
Im zweiten Teil werden Kfz-Wartezeiten auf Basis der meist bereits vorhandenen Induktionsschleifen-Detektoren im Zufluss und im Abfluss einer Kreuzung geschätzt. Dafür werden die Zeitpunkte der Fahrzeugüberfahrten an einem Zufluss- und einem Abflussquerschnitt getrennt gemessen werden. Aus ihnen wird jeweils ein mittlerer Überfahrzeitpunkt ermittelt und nach Berücksichtigung der freien Fahrzeit eine mittlere Wartezeit geschätzt. Messintervalle an beiden Querschnitten, die um die mittlere freie Fahrzeit versetzt sind, sowie eine unbedingte Warteschlangenleerung am Ende einer Messung sollen sicherstellen, dass potenziell dieselben Fahrzeuge erfasst werden. Auf eine Fahrzeugwiedererkennung und damit auf eine Ausrüstung mit zusätzlicher Technik kann dadurch verzichtet werden.
Damit sich das Verfahren für den Praxiseinsatz eignet, muss es möglichst robust gegenüber zufälligen Detektorfehlern sein. Dafür wird ein Fehlermodell entwickelt und mögliche Abweichungen gegenüber einer korrekten Messung untersucht. Aufgrund der unabhängigen Berechnung von mittleren Überfahrzeiten aus der getrennten Messung im Zufluss und im Abfluss zeigt sich, dass zufällige Fehler nicht zu systematischen Abweichungen in der Wartezeitschätzung führen.
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Fakhfakh, Nizar. "Détection et localisation tridimensionnelle par stéréovision d’objets en mouvement dans des environnements complexes : application aux passages à niveau." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ECLI0005/document.
Full textAbstract:
La sécurité des personnes et des équipements est un élément capital dans le domaine des transports routiers et ferroviaires. Depuis quelques années, les Passages à Niveau (PN) ont fait l’objet de davantage d'attention afin d'accroître la sécurité des usagers sur cette portion route/rail considérée comme dangereuse. Nous proposons dans cette thèse un système de vision stéréoscopique pour la détection automatique des situations dangereuses. Un tel système permet la détection et la localisation d'obstacles sur ou autour du PN. Le système de vision proposé est composé de deux caméras supervisant la zone de croisement. Nous avons développé des algorithmes permettant à la fois la détection d'objets, tels que des piétons ou des véhicules, et la localisation 3D de ces derniers. L'algorithme de détection d'obstacles se base sur l'Analyse en Composantes Indépendantes et la propagation de croyance spatio-temporelle. L'algorithme de localisation tridimensionnelle exploite les avantages des méthodes locales et globales, et est composé de trois étapes : la première consiste à estimer une carte de disparité à partir d'une fonction de vraisemblance basée sur les méthodes locales. La deuxième étape permet d'identifier les pixels bien mis en correspondance ayant des mesures de confiances élevées. Ce sous-ensemble de pixels est le point de départ de la troisième étape qui consiste à ré-estimer les disparités du reste des pixels par propagation de croyance sélective. Le mouvement est introduit comme une contrainte dans l'algorithme de localisation 3D permettant l'amélioration de la précision de localisation et l'accélération du temps de traitementWithin the past years, railways undertakings became interested in the assessment of Level Crossings (LC) safety. We propose in this thesis an Automatic Video-Surveillance system (AVS) at LC for an automatic detection of specific events. The system allows automatically detecting and 3D localizing the presence of one or more obstacles which are motionless at the level crossing. Our research aims at developing an AVS using the passive stereo vision principles. The proposed imaging system uses two cameras to detect and localize any kind of object lying on a railway level crossing. The cameras are placed so that the dangerous zones are well (fully) monitored. The system supervises and estimates automatically the critical situations by detecting objects in the hazardous zone defined as the crossing zone of a railway line by a road or path. The AVS system is used to monitor dynamic scenes where interactions take place among objects of interest (people or vehicles). After a classical image grabbing and digitizing step, the processing is composed of the two following modules: moving and stationary objects detection and 3-D localization. The developed stereo matching algorithm stems from an inference principle based on belief propagation and energy minimization. It takes into account the advantages of local methods for reducing the complexity of the inference step achieved by the belief propagation technique which leads to an improvement in the quality of results. The motion detection module is considered as a constraint which allows improving and speeding up the 3D localization algorithm
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Nemanja, Deretić. "Model proračuna kapaciteta manevra levog skretanja sa prioritetnog prilaza nesignalisane raskrsnice." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Fakultet tehničkih nauka u Novom Sadu, 2018. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=107590&source=NDLTD&language=en.
Full textAbstract:
Pre obavljanja levog manevra, sa prioritetnog prilaza TWSC nesignalisane raskrsnice, vozač procenjuje interval koji se javlja u konfliktnom toku i bira onaj interval koji mu je najviše prihvatljiv. Vreme koje je potrebno za procenu prihvatljivog intervala je predstavljeno u vidu vremena čekanja u opsluzi vozila na raskrsnici. Sa pojavom prihvatljivog intervala, vreme čekanja u opsluzi vozila se završava, i tada počinje vreme za izvođenje manevra levog skretanja. Odluka o momentu početka izvođenja manevra levog skretanja je subjektivna i zasniva se na proceni vozača. Ispravna subjektivna procena uvek rezerviše bezbednosno vreme. U ovoj disertaciji je predstavljen razvoj detaljnog matematičkog postupka za proračun bezbednosnog vremena. Merenja na nesignalisanim raskrsnicama su dokazala primenjivost predloženog modela, mogućnost proračuna subjektivnog bezbednosnog vremena i visoko učešće bezbednosnog vremena u kritičnom intervalu (oko jedne trećine). Dobijeni rezultati su visoko saglasni sa HCM.Before the left turn manoeuvre, from priority approach at TWSC unsignalized intersection, the driver estimates the interval occurring in the conflict flow and chooses the one which is most acceptable for him. The time required for evaluation of acceptable interval is presented by the service waiting time of vehicles at an intersection. With the appearance of an acceptable interval, service waiting time for vehicle ends, and then starts a time for performance of left turn manoeuvre. A decision about the moment of starting left turn manoeuvre is subjective and based on a driver’s estimate. Correct subjective evaluation always reserves the safety time. This dissertation presents development of a detailed mathematical procedure for calculation form of safety time. Measurements at unsignalized intersections are proven applicability of the proposed model, possibility of calculation subjective safety time and high participation of safety time in critical gap (about one-third). The obtained results are highly consistent with HCM.
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Černoch, Adam. "Vybrané způsoby zlepšení orientace řidiče v dopravním prostoru." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233053.
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The aim of this thesis is to find suitable measures which will lead to the improvement of driver orientation in traffic spaceleading to lower the accident rate in the area. The theoretical part describes the traffic surveys that relate to the topic. Furthermore, the work mentioned detectors used for the implementation of automated traffic surveys. The theoretical part also describes methods that can be used to analyze the selected location and then design the ideal modification. At the end gives an overview of the various measures. In the practical part are different methodologies used for the analysis of selected intersections. Firstly, the analysis of observed conflict situations, including making conflicting diagram, under which was designed to measure. Then, the analysis of traffic accidents. Again, the result was a proposal for possible actions. The main objective was to compare and appreciation of both methodologies and proces design measures to improve driver orientation in the selected location.
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Zhang, Lin. "Signalized intersection level-of-service that accounts for user perceptions." 2004. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=813790001&SrchMode=1&sid=2&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1233964918&clientId=23440.
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Ha, Tae-Jun. "Development of safety-based level-of-service criteria for isolated-signalized intersections." 1994. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/31456234.html.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1994.Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 244-250).
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Zhang, Lin 1956 Sept 25. "Signalized intersection level-of-service that accounts for user perceptions." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/12118.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 211-220).
Also available by subscription via World Wide Web
xviii, 220 leaves, bound ill. 29 cm
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Seish, Hwei Siung, and 謝惠雄. "Study on Evaluation Method for safety-oriented Level of Service at Signalized intersections." Thesis, 1994. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/75032491096996970335.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
土木工程研究所
82
Signalized Intersection,because of complex stream and high conflict,is usually the main part of Traffic Safety Analysis and Level of Service Evaluation. Traffic Safety Analysis can be helpful to find concealed hazard and then to draw up proposals to keep the public from danger. Moreover,Level of Service Evaluation helps to see if road supply fit the demand of roar users.It is an important issue for traffic safety study that how to combine Traffic Safety Analysis with Level of Service Evaluation, and to identify the role of Level of Safety Service and to analyze traffic safety systematically. This study is different from the Level of service based on the efficiency view. apply the concept of Fuzzy Theory,it starts with the view of safety to fit road users'' respose to the Level of Service Evaluation,and,furthmore,to link safety,efficiency, and environment together.Also,considering the characteristics of weighting,it set a model for compound Level of Service.The aim of this study is to give a new explanation to the definition of Level of Service and to make the Level of Service evaluation and the cut of Level more flexible.However,due to the limitof time and labor,the model of Level of Service is still not ready for Exposure. Therefore, the model of Exposure base and that of Validation is still kept for continuous study. This study, compounding Aggregate Accident Analysis, Disaggregate Accident Analysis, Level of Service Evaluation Structure,Applied Analysis of the Model of Evaluation,Estimate of Safety Improvement Strategy and Establishment of Traffic Safety Information System,sets a procedure of safety improvement planning.By applying the model of Level of Service Evaluation ,the Level of Service is both quantified and more flexible, the Interval of each Level is exchangeable,and the Method of Fuzzy Cluster Analysis could verify the evaluation performance to be the base of improving safety.
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Lee, Soo-Beom. "Development of safety-based level-of-service parameters for two-way stop-controlled intersections." 1995. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/34501153.html.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1995.Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 212-219).
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Niewczyk, Paulette Marie. "Health care disparities in Buffalo, New York the intersections of individual and community level factors /." 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1331403191&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=39334&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--State University of New York at Buffalo, 2007.Title from PDF title page (viewed on Nov. 16, 2007) Available through UMI ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Thesis adviser: Street, Debra. Includes bibliographical references.
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Deng, Jun active 2013. "A novel approach to modeling and predicting crash frequency at rural intersections by crash type and injury severity level." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/23634.
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Safety at intersections is of significant interest to transportation professionals due to the large number of possible conflicts that occur at those locations. In particular, rural intersections have been recognized as one of the most hazardous locations on roads.
However, most models of crash frequency at rural intersections, and road segments in general, do not differentiate between crash type (such as angle, rear-end or sideswipe) and injury severity (such as fatal injury, non-fatal injury, possible injury or property damage only). Thus, there is a need to be able to identify the differential impacts of intersection-specific and other variables on crash types and severity levels. This thesis builds upon the work of Bhat et al., (2013b) to formulate and apply a novel approach for the joint modeling of crash frequency and combinations of crash type and injury severity. The proposed framework explicitly links a count data model (to model crash frequency) with a discrete choice model (to model combinations of crash type and injury severity), and uses a multinomial probit kernel for the discrete choice model and introduces unobserved heterogeneity in both the crash frequency model and the discrete choice model, while also accommodates excess of zeros. The results show that the type of traffic control and the number of entering roads are the most important determinants of crash counts and crash type/injury severity, and the results from our analysis underscore the value of our proposed model for data fit purposes as well as to accurately estimate variable effects.text
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Cunha, Irene Dias Ferradeira. "Planeamento e gestão da infra-estrutura viária urbana: o caso da Póvoa de Varzim." Master's thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/10614.
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Dissertação de mestrado em Engenharia MunicipalO elevado crescimento da população urbana e o decorrente desenvolvimento económico, social e urbanístico tem tido como consequência um aumento global das deslocações em meio urbano. Tal fenómeno origina frequentes vezes perda de qualidade de vida das populações das cidades, tornando cada vez mais premente a procura de soluções para mitigar esses problemas. Também, as estratégias de intervenção tradicionais baseadas no aumento sistemático da capacidade das infraestruturas viárias têm originado custos elevados para a sociedade ao nível económico, social e ambiental, o que obriga os responsáveis pela gestão da mobilidade urbana à pesquisa de novas estratégias de actuação. Contudo, nomeadamente a nível municipal, a necessidade de garantir uma rede viária eficiente é crucial pois facilita a movimentação de pessoas e bens, tendo por consequência um impacto positivo directo na vitalidade da economia local. Neste contexto, a presente dissertação pretende contribuir para o estudo e avaliação da infra-estrutura viária da cidade da Póvoa de Varzim, nomeadamente das vias pertencentes à rede primária e secundária definidas no actual Plano de Urbanização da Póvoa de Varzim. Tendo por base os pressupostos de planeamento e gestão de engenharia de tráfego, em particular os definidos pelo Highway Capacity Manual 2000, avalia-se o nível de desempenho de um número significativo de vias fulcrais da rede. Para as situações identificadas pela análise como de mau desempenho são apontadas directrizes que visam ajustar a oferta da rede à procura previsível do tráfego. Ainda, atendendo a que uma gestão eficaz da rede só é possível através de uma optimização da relação “qualidade/investimento”, é discutida uma solução que visa o dimensionamento de pavimentos standard a aplicar no futuro nas vias segundo a sua classe hierárquica e de acordo com o tráfego previsível.
The emergence of fast growing in urban population and the direct consequences for the economic, social and urban development origin an traffic volume increase in urban areas. This phenomenon often causes loss of quality of life for city’s population, making more urgent the research of better solutions. Also, the traditional strategies based on a systematic increase of the capacity of urban collector and arterial roads maintain high economic, social and environmental costs for society. Thus, news strategies must be implemented to manage urban mobility. Nevertheless, particularly at municipal level, an efficient road network is a crucial element to foster the mobility of people and goods, normally with a direct and positive impact on the local economy vitality. In this context, this dissertation aims to study and evaluate the urban road infrastructure in the city of Póvoa de Varzim, mainly the primary and secondary roads identified in network of the Urban Development Plan for the City. The study and evaluation of the roads and intersections was carried out with the knowledge from planning and traffic engineering, particularly from Highway Capacity Manual 2000. For problematic situations are recommended some guidelines to mitigate and adjust the roads network of the city. Furthermore, the network management is only possible through the optimization of the ratio "quality/investment" so the study also propose a design of standard pavements for the roads according to the network hierarchy classification and the traffic forecast.
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Chen, Yiwen, and 陳怡彣. "Driver Perception on Level of Service at Signalized Intersection." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/79451157430063652847.
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碩士國立暨南國際大學
土木工程學系
100
This study takes the driver’s perception into consideration to further assess the level of service at signalization intersection. Motorcycle riders and car drivers are our main targets. Videos of different levels of service were pre-recorded and then presented to the respondent in the survey. Ordered probit model was applied to estimate the effects of important factors on the driver’s perception towards different levels of service at signalized intersection. Results obtained from the model showed trip, socioeconomic, road related characteristics (pavement condition, geometric design, traffic control, etc.) and weather condition were all significant variables influencing the driver’s perception towards different levels of service at signalized intersection. Our results can provide a reference when planners and related authorities assess levels of service at signalized intersection. This study investigates the willingness to accept for delay times under different levels of service at signalization intersection. Motorcycle riders and car drivers are our main targets. Videos of different levels of service were pre-recorded and then presented to the respondent in the survey. Contingent valuation method was applied to design different scenarios for corresponding levels of service. Spike model was then used to obtain the willingness to accept for delay times. The results found that the willingness to accept for delay times ranges from 26 to 68 seconds for motorcycle riders, while from 34 to 81 seconds for car drivers, under different levels of service at signalized intersection. It is worth to note that the delay times are longer than the ones set in Taiwan Highway Capacity Manual, indicating Taiwanese drivers are willing to accept longer delay times under different levels of service at signalized intersection.
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Bitca, Andrian. "Rephasing of the intersection of city hall of Leiria." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.8/2149.
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This project proposes two possible solutions for the phasing plan of the intersection near the City Hall of Leiria and presents the calculations of the cycle length and the intersection delay for both of them. The main goal of these solutions is to optimize the global functioning of the intersection. Since the number of cars that use an intersection is will fluctuate with time, when using pre-timed traffic lights, adjustments are needed to the settings of the traffic signals, to assure the accommodation of the present traffic flows in the intersection under acceptable conditions for drivers.
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Dlamini, Nobuhle Judith. "The impact of the intersection of race, gender and class on women CEO's lived experiences and career progresson : strategies for gender transformation at leadership level in corporate South Africa." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/13828.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of the intersection of race, gender and social class on women leaders’ work experience and career progression in order to come up with strategies for gender transformation at leadership level in corporate South Africa. The problem statement of this research study concerns the indication in the annual report of the Commission for Employment Equity (Department of Labour 2012) that there is under-representation of women, especially African and Coloured women, at top management level relative to the economically active population. The Women Empowerment and Gender Equality Bill was published in the Government Gazette No. 37005 of 6 November 2013. This Bill aims to enforce compliance with the stipulated minimum representation of women at senior levels in both the private and public sectors. This study, with its objective of reaching an understanding of the impact of the intersection of race, gender and social class on women’s career progression, is therefore timeous. Getting the perspective of woman CEOs across race and class on how to transform gender at leadership level could add an important voice to transformation and could be of benefit to decision makers in business and in government. Based on this problem statement the following research questions were formulated:
- To what extent does the intersection of race, social class and gender impact on women CEOs’ experience in their work roles and career progression?
- How might an understanding of women leaders’ experiences in their roles assist with strategies to transform gender at leadership level in corporate South Africa?
Qualitative research methodology was chosen as the appropriate methodology and grounded theory was employed. Purposive, snowball and theoretical sampling methods were used to identify fourteen participants (13 CEOs and one chairman).The life story method was employed for in-depth semi-structured interviews from which rich descriptive data was collected and which was analysed using grounded theory. Findings confirmed that the intersection of race, gender, age and class does have an impact on women’s career progression and their life experiences. The dominant social identity was race for blacks and gender whites; class and age were the overlay. In terms of strategies for gender transformation, first-order constructs from the participants were related to abstract second-order constructs from the literature, which led to the formulation of the WHEEL Theoretical Model. The theoretical model is an integration of different elements required for the formulation of strategies for gender transformation at leadership level. The different elements were women themselves; domestic and family support; the organisation; society and government.
Despite some limitations that were encountered, the aim of the study was achieved by making a contribution not only to the development of theory related to strategies for gender transformation at leadership level, which other scholars can build from, but also to the gaining of insights into the intersection of multiple social identities and their impact which can be used by business leaders and policymakers to address inequalities in organisations. In addition, this research study made various recommendations for future researchBusiness Management
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Tischler, Kathleen. "Neue Ansätze zur Nutzung von Induktionsschleifen-Daten an Lichtsignalanlagen: Minimierung von Fahrzeughalten und Schätzung von Kfz-Wartezeiten." Doctoral thesis, 2015. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A29422.
Full textAbstract:
Die vorliegende Dissertationsschrift widmet sich zwei Zielen: Mittels Induktionsschleifen-Detektoren einerseits die Verkehrsregelung an Knotenpunkten durch die Minimierung von Fahrzeughalten zu verbessern, und andererseits eine Veränderung der Verkehrsqualität durch die Schätzung von Kfz-Wartezeiten automatisiert zu erheben.
Im ersten Teil wird ein modellbasiertes Steuerverfahren entwickelt, das Grünzeiten verkehrsabhängig und lokal anpasst. Es kann sehr gut in eine übergeordnete Steuerung zur Koordinierung in Verkehrsnetzen eingebunden werden und überlässt dieser die Optimierung von Phasenfolgen, Umlauf- und Versatzzeiten.
Um auch bei hohen Auslastungen Kapazitäten bestmöglich zu nutzen, priorisiert es zunächst die Leerung von Warteschlangen. Anschließend erfolgt die Anpassung der Grünzeiten zwischen einer minimalen und maximalen Dauer so, dass Fahrzeughalte minimiert werden. Dafür werden Detektoren in ausreichender Entfernung im Zufluss einer Kreuzung verwendet, um Fahrzeugankünfte an der Haltelinie für die aktuelle und die nächste Phase zu prognostizieren. Bei der sich anschließenden Bilanzierung potenzieller Fahrzeughalte und der Wahl des günstigsten Umschaltzeitpunktes kann auf zusätzliche Modellannahmen verzichtet werden. Die Simulationsergebnisse zeigen, dass bei einer Minimierung der Fahrzeughalte gleichzeitig eine Reduktion von Wartezeiten möglich ist.
Im zweiten Teil werden Kfz-Wartezeiten auf Basis der meist bereits vorhandenen Induktionsschleifen-Detektoren im Zufluss und im Abfluss einer Kreuzung geschätzt. Dafür werden die Zeitpunkte der Fahrzeugüberfahrten an einem Zufluss- und einem Abflussquerschnitt getrennt gemessen werden. Aus ihnen wird jeweils ein mittlerer Überfahrzeitpunkt ermittelt und nach Berücksichtigung der freien Fahrzeit eine mittlere Wartezeit geschätzt. Messintervalle an beiden Querschnitten, die um die mittlere freie Fahrzeit versetzt sind, sowie eine unbedingte Warteschlangenleerung am Ende einer Messung sollen sicherstellen, dass potenziell dieselben Fahrzeuge erfasst werden. Auf eine Fahrzeugwiedererkennung und damit auf eine Ausrüstung mit zusätzlicher Technik kann dadurch verzichtet werden.
Damit sich das Verfahren für den Praxiseinsatz eignet, muss es möglichst robust gegenüber zufälligen Detektorfehlern sein. Dafür wird ein Fehlermodell entwickelt und mögliche Abweichungen gegenüber einer korrekten Messung untersucht. Aufgrund der unabhängigen Berechnung von mittleren Überfahrzeiten aus der getrennten Messung im Zufluss und im Abfluss zeigt sich, dass zufällige Fehler nicht zu systematischen Abweichungen in der Wartezeitschätzung führen.