Relevant bibliographies by topics / Level-crossing rate (LCR)

Academic literature on the topic 'Level-crossing rate (LCR)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 19 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Level-crossing rate (LCR)"

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Chau, Yawgeng A., and Karl Y. T. Huang. "On the Second-Order Statistics of Correlated Cascaded Rayleigh Fading Channels." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2012 (2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/108534.

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The second-order statistics of two correlated cascaded (double) Rayleigh fading channels are analyzed, where different relevant second-order cross-correlation functions of in-phase and quadrature components of the cascaded Rayleigh channels are derived. The level crossing rate (LCR) and average fade duration (AFD) of the cascaded channels are evaluated, and a single-integral form of the LCR is derived. Numerical results of the LCR and AFD are presented, and the effect of the correlation is illustrated.
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Milosavljević, Srđan, Dejan Milić, Slaviša Trajković, Petar Spalević, and Bojana Milosavljević. "LEVEL CROSSING RATE OF MACRODIVERSITY OUTPUT PROCESS IN THE PRESENCE OF η-μ SHORT TERM FADING AND GAMMA LONG TERM FADING." Facta Universitatis, Series: Automatic Control and Robotics 16, no. 2 (October 24, 2017): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.22190/fuacr1702157m.

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In this paper macrodiversity reception with macrodiversity selection combining (SC) receiver and two microdiversity MRC receivers operating over shadowed multipath fading channel is studied. Received signal experiences short term fading and correlated Gamma long term fading resulting in system performance degradation. Level crossing rate (LCR) of η-μ random process and level crossing rate of signals at outputs of microdiversity MRC receivers are efficiently calculated. By using these derived formulas, level crossing rate of macrodiversity SC receiver output signal process is calculated. By using this result, average fade duration (AFD) of the proposed wireless communication system can be calculated. The influence of η-μ short term fading severity parameter, Gamma long term fading severity parameter and Gamma long term correlation coefficient on level crossing rate is analysed and studied.
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Suljovic, Suad, Dejan Milic, and Stefan Panic. "LCR of SC receiver output signal over α-κ-μ multipath fading channels." Facta universitatis - series: Electronics and Energetics 29, no. 2 (2016): 261–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuee1602261s.

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Wireless mobile communication system with selection combining (SC) diversity receiver is investigated in this paper. Received signal envelope experiences ?-?-? short term fading resulting in system performance degradation. Level crossing rate (LCR) and average fade duration (AFD) of SC receiver output signal envelope are obtained as rapidly converging infinite series expressions. Numerically evaluated results are presented graphically, in order to discuss the effects of transmission parameters: multipath fading severity, dominant component power and nonlinearity propagation parameter on observed LCR performance of dual SC.
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Li, Lei, and Xiao Dong Wang. "Fade Statistic Analysis of SC in Distributed Antenna System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 336-338 (July 2013): 1708–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.336-338.1708.

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Exact and closed form expressions for the average level crossing rate (LCR) and average fade duration (AFD) of the output signal envelope of selection diversity system are derived, assuming each branch is subject to independent but nonidentical composite fading in distributed antenna systems (DAS). Numerical results validate the derived expressions. It shows that DAS promise significant diversity gains over collocated multiple antenna system.
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Krstic, Dragana, Petar Nikolic, Danijela Aleksic, Sinisa Minic, Dragan Vuckovic, and Mihajlo Stefanovic. "Product of Three Random Variables and its Application in Relay Telecommunication Systems in the Presence of Multipath Fading." Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology 1 (March 29, 2019): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.26636/jtit.2019.130018.

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In this paper, the product of three random variables (RVs) will be considered. Distribution of the product of independent random variables is very important in many applied problems, including wireless relay telecommunication systems. A few of such products of three random variables are observed in this work: the level crossing rate (LCR) of the product of a Nakagami-m random variable, a Rician random variable and a Rayleigh random variable, and of the products of two Rician RVs and one Nakagami-m RV is calculated in closed forms and presented graphically. The LCR formula may be later used for derivation of average fade duration (AFD) of a wireless relay communication radio system with three sections, working in the multipath fading channel. The impact of fading parameters and multipath fading power on the LCR is analyzed based on the graphs presented.
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Jaksic, Dejan, Risto Bojovic, Petar Spalevic, Dusan Stefanovic, and Slavisa Trajkovic. "Performance Analysis of 5G Transmission over Fading Channels with Random IG Distributed LOS Components." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2017 (2017): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4287586.

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Mathematical modelling of the behavior of the radio propagation at mmWave bands is crucial to the development of transmission and reception algorithms of new 5G systems. In this study we will model 5G propagation in nondeterministic line-of-sight (LOS) conditions, when the random nature of LOS component ratio will be observed as Inverse Gamma (IG) distributed process. Closed-form expressions will be presented for the probability density function (PDF) and cumulative distribution function (CDF) of such random process. Further, closed-form expressions will be provided for important performance measures such as level crossing rate (LCR) and average fade duration (AFD). Capitalizing on proposed expressions, LCR and AFD will be discussed in the function of transmission parameters.
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Yang, Xiao Xue, Chun Yang Zhang, and You Zheng Wang. "Statistical Properties Analysis of Relay Channel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 610 (August 2014): 854–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.610.854.

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The statistical properties of relay channel are quite different from the direct transmission channel for including two phases channel of source to relay and relay to destination. In this paper, we study the relay channel from three viewpoints of probability density function (PDF), level crossing rate (LCR) and Doppler spectrum for Rayleigh, Rice and Nakagami fading models. The closed form expressions are deduced, and simulation evaluation is done to verify the results.
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Akram, Muhammad Imran, and Asrar U. H. Sheikh. "On the Statistical Properties of Nakagami-Hoyt Vehicle-to-Vehicle Fading Channel under Nonisotropic Scattering." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2012 (2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/179378.

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This paper presents the statistical properties of the vehicle-to-vehicle Nakagami-Hoyt (Nakagami-q) channel model under non-isotropic condition. The spatial time correlation function (STCF), the power spectral density (PSD), squared time autocorrelation function (SQCF), level crossing rate (LCR), and the average duration of Fade (ADF) of the Nakagami-Hoyt channel have been derived under the assumption that both the transmitter and receiver are nonstationary having nonomnidirectional antennas. A simulator that uses the inverse-fast-fourier-transform- (IFFT-) based computation method is designed for this model. The simulator and analytical results are compared.
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Kuo, Po Yu, and Gan Zhi Fan. "Analysis and Implementation of Rayleigh Fading Channel Using MATLAB." Applied Mechanics and Materials 764-765 (May 2015): 476–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.764-765.476.

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Mobile wireless communication is the fastest growing segment of the communication industry. However, it is faced with the challenge of providing reliable high-speed communications due to channel impediments which change over time in unpredictable ways. To analyze the reliability and performance of real communication system, the Rayleigh fading channel is generally applied to simulate the real wireless communication. In this paper, we analyze and implement a flat Rayleigh fading channel based on the inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT). The simulation results of level crossing rate (LCR) and average fade duration (AFD) are shown in this paper.
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Lin, Jia-Chin, and Chun-Lin Lin. "Second-Order Statistics of MRC Reception With a Transparent Amplify-and-Forward Relay." International Journal of Interdisciplinary Telecommunications and Networking 12, no. 1 (January 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijitn.2020010101.

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Achievable spatial diversity supported by a single transparent amplify-and-forward (AF) relay relies on disintegrated channel state information (CSI) that can be acquired at the destination. This paper studies the impact of the quantization of the source-relay (SR) CSI in terms of the first- and second-order statistics of maximal-ratio combining (MRC) reception with the incomplete SR CSI at the destination. Probability density functions (PDFs) of the upper and lower bounds of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) achieved at the destination are derived. Corresponding level-crossing rate (LCR) and average fade-duration (AFD), which are undoubtedly required to choose parameters of forward error correcting (FEC) mechanisms across the transparent AF relay network, are evaluated via Monte Carlo simulations. The simulations show that the SNR PDF, LCR and AFD highly depends not only on the accuracy of SR CSI at the destination but also on the location of the AF relay.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Level-crossing rate (LCR)"

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Shang, Lei, and lei shang@ieee org. "Modelling of Mobile Fading Channels with Fading Mitigation Techniques." RMIT University. Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2006. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20061222.113303.

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This thesis aims to contribute to the developments of wireless communication systems. The work generally consists of three parts: the first part is a discussion on general digital communication systems, the second part focuses on wireless channel modelling and fading mitigation techniques, and in the third part we discuss the possible application of advanced digital signal processing, especially time-frequency representation and blind source separation, to wireless communication systems. The first part considers general digital communication systems which will be incorporated in later parts. Today's wireless communication system is a subbranch of a general digital communication system that employs various techniques of A/D (Analog to Digital) conversion, source coding, error correction, coding, modulation, and synchronization, signal detection in noise, channel estimation, and equalization. We study and develop the digital communication algorithms to enhance the performance of wireless communication systems. In the Second Part we focus on wireless channel modelling and fading mitigation techniques. A modified Jakes' method is developed for Rayleigh fading channels. We investigate the level-crossing rate (LCR), the average duration of fades (ADF), the probability density function (PDF), the cumulative distribution function (CDF) and the autocorrelation functions (ACF) of this model. The simulated results are verified against the analytical Clarke's channel model. We also construct frequency-selective geometrical-based hyperbolically distributed scatterers (GBHDS) for a macro-cell mobile environment with the proper statistical characteristics. The modified Clarke's model and the GBHDS model may be readily expanded to a MIMO channel model thus we study the MIMO fading channel, specifically we model the MIMO channel in the angular domain. A detailed analysis of Gauss-Markov approximation of the fading channel is also given. Two fading mitigation techniques are investigated: Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) and spatial diversity. In the Third Part, we devote ourselves to the exciting fields of Time-Frequency Analysis and Blind Source Separation and investigate the application of these powerful Digital Signal Processing (DSP) tools to improve the performance of wireless communication systems.
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Book chapters on the topic "Level-crossing rate (LCR)"

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Karadimas, Petros. "Stochastic Modeling of Narrowband Fading Channels with Three Dimensional Diffuse Scattering." In Handbook of Research on Heterogeneous Next Generation Networking, 361–81. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-108-7.ch016.

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This chapter studies a composite stochastic model, in which the diffuse component arises from three dimensional (3-D) multipath scattering. That case occurs especially in dense scattering environments, in which the tall obstacles cause arrival of multipath power in the elevation plane, besides that arriving in the azimuth one. Also the multipath components are assumed to arrive at the mobile receiver in specific angular sectors at the azimuth receiver’s plane. The last is physically justified by multipath power blocking due to the channel obstacles (shadow fading), or/and lack of scattering objects at specific angular directions, or/and directional antennas utilization. An extended Suzuki model, where the Rician process for the diffuse scattering component is multiplied by a lognormal one, is considered as an appropriate composite model. The most important metrics of the model are presented, according to its assumptions. More specifically, from the closed form autocorrelation function, the Doppler power spectral density (PSD) of the diffuse component can be analytically derived. Afterwards exact solutions for the envelope and phase probability density functions (PDF’s) are presented. Exact solutions are also derived for the second order statistics, i.e. the level crossing rate (LCR) and the average duration of fades (ADF’s). An efficient deterministic simulation scheme will be presented, which implements the analytical model on a digital computer. Finally a curve fitting of the LCR to real world data, drawn from channel measurements, will demonstrate the flexibility and usefulness of the extended Suzuki model.
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