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Journal articles on the topic 'Leukocyte populations'

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Published: 9 March 2023
Last updated: 10 March 2023

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1

Gaashan, Muaadh M., Abdullah I. A. Al-Mubarak, and Jamal Hussen. "Leukocyte populations and their cell adhesion molecules expression in newborn dromedary camel calves." Veterinary World 13, no. 9 (2020): 1863–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2020.1863-1869.

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Background and Aim: Different properties of the newborn immune system have been characterized in many species. For the newborn camel calf, however, the phenotype and composition of blood leukocytes have so far not been evaluated. The current study aimed to analyze the distribution of leukocyte subpopulations and their expression pattern of cell adhesion molecules in newborn and adult dromedary camels. Materials and Methods: Blood samples were collected from 17 newborn camel calves and 32 adult camels. For each sample, total leukocytes were separated and analyzed for their composition and cell adhesion molecules expression by flow cytometry. Results: In comparison to adult camels, newborn camel calves had higher leukocyte numbers and higher numbers of neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes but lower numbers of eosinophils in their blood. Among the lymphocyte populations in calves, the fractions of B cells and γδ T cells were elevated when compared to adults, whereas CD4-positive T cells were reduced. The comparison between camel calves and adult camels revealed significantly lower expression of the cell adhesion molecules CD11a, CD11b, and CD18 on granulocytes, monocytes, and lymphocytes in calves. Conclusion: Newborn camel calves show a distinct composition and phenotype pattern of blood leukocytes when compared to adult camels. The observed rise in many leukocyte populations in calf blood may be due to reduced migratory activity in calf leukocyte populations.
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2

Hibbert, Julie, Tobias Strunk, Elizabeth Nathan, Amy Prosser, Dorota Doherty, Karen Simmer, Peter Richmond, David Burgner, and Andrew Currie. "Composition of early life leukocyte populations in preterm infants with and without late-onset sepsis." PLOS ONE 17, no. 3 (March 2, 2022): e0264768. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0264768.

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Background Composition of leukocyte populations in the first month of life remains incompletely characterised, particularly in preterm infants who go on to develop late-onset sepsis (LOS). Aim To characterise and compare leukocyte populations in preterm infants with and without LOS during the first month of life. Study design Single-centre prospective observational cohort study. Participants Infants born <30 weeks gestational age (GA). Outcome measures Peripheral blood samples were collected at 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of life. Leukocyte populations were characterised using 5-fluorophore-6-marker flow cytometry. Absolute leukocyte counts and frequency of total CD45+ leukocytes of each population were adjusted for GA, birth weight z-scores, sex and total leukocyte count. Results Of 119 preterm infants enrolled, 43 (36%) had confirmed or clinical LOS, with a median onset at 13 days (range 6–26). Compared to infants without LOS, the adjusted counts and frequency of neutrophils, basophils and non-cytotoxic T lymphocytes were generally lower and immature granulocytes were higher over the first month of life in infants who developed LOS. Specific time point comparisons identified lower adjusted neutrophil counts on the first day of life in those infants who developed LOS more than a week later, compared to those without LOS, albeit levels were within the normal age-adjusted range. Non-cytotoxic T lymphocyte counts and/or frequencies were lower in infants following LOS on days 21 and 28 when compared to those who did not develop LOS. Conclusion Changes in non-cytotoxic T lymphocytes occurred following LOS suggesting sepsis-induced immune suppression.
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3

Numazaki, K., H. Asanuma, and S. Chiba. "Human Cytomegalovirus Infection of Leukocyte Populations." Journal of Infectious Diseases 173, no. 2 (February 1, 1996): 503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/173.2.503.

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4

Stewart-Akers, Ann M., Joel S. Krasnow, and Julie A. Deloia. "Decidual leukocyte populations in ectopic pregnancies." Fertility and Sterility 68, no. 6 (December 1997): 1103–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0015-0282(97)00417-2.

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5

Stosik, M., W. Deptuła, K. Wiktorowicz, M. Trávniček, and K. Baldy-Chudzik. "Qualitative and quantitative cytometric analysis of peripheral blood leukocytes in carps (Cyprinus carpio)." Veterinární Medicína 46, No. 5 (January 1, 2001): 149–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/7871-vetmed.

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The studies were performed involving qualitative and quantitative cytometric analysis of peripheral blood leukocytes in healthy carps at various stages of their ontogeny, i.e., in 3- to 29-month old carps. Three populations of leukocyte line cells were distinguished, which differed in forward scatter (FSC) and side scatter (90o, SSC) of laser light. The most abundant leukocyte pool was present in the eldest (23- to 29-month old) fish. Lower numbers of the cells were observed in the youngest (3- to 9-month old) carps while the lowest levels of the cells were detected in carps of the moderate age (11- to 21-month old). The leukocyte populations, distinguished on grounds of FSC/SSC characteristics, were suggested to correspond to lymphocytes/thrombocytes (low FSC, low SSC), granulocytes (high FSC, high SSC) and monocytes (high FSC, low SSC).
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6

Becker, Daniel J., Elizabeth M. Schultz, Jonathan W. Atwell, and Ellen D. Ketterson. "Urban residency and leukocyte profiles in a traditionally migratory songbird." Animal Migration 6, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ami-2019-0002.

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Abstract Many animals are shifting migrations in response to human activities. In particular, human-induced changes to climate and habitat (e.g., urbanization) likely facilitate animals becoming year-round residents. Because migration can be energetically expensive, shifts to sedentary behavior could minimize energetic demands incurred and any immunosuppressive effects. Residency in urban habitats could also provide abundant resources and allow sedentary animals to invest more in immunity. However, urban habitats could also expose sedentary animals to novel stressors that counter such benefits. To examine how recent shifts to residency affects physiology in ways that may shape infectious disease dynamics, we analyzed leukocyte profiles of two dark-eyed junco (Junco hyemalis) populations from southern California: the Laguna Mountain population, in which birds breed in high-elevation forests and migrate altitudinally, and the urban University of California San Diego population, which was likely established by overwintering migrants in the 1980s and has since become non-migratory. Over a two-year study of each population’s breeding season, we found no difference in the ratios of heterophils to lymphocytes between populations. However, urban residents had more leukocytes than birds from the altitudinal migrant population. A multivariate analysis suggested urban residents had fewer monocytes, but effect sizes were small. These results suggest no differences in energy demands or stressors between urban resident and altitudinal migrant populations during their breeding season. However, urban residency may confer immunological benefits through anthropogenic resources, which could have important consequences for disease dynamics..
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7

Criado, Ignacio, Wendy G. Nieto, Guillermo Oliva-Ariza, Blanca Fuentes-Herrero, Cristina Teodosio, Quentin Lecrevisse, Antonio Lopez, Alfonso Romero, Julia Almeida, and Alberto Orfao. "Age- and Sex-Matched Normal Leukocyte Subset Ranges in the General Population Defined with the EuroFlow Lymphocyte Screening Tube (LST) for Monoclonal B-Cell Lymphocytosis (MBL) vs. Non-MBL Subjects." Cancers 15, no. 1 (December 22, 2022): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers15010058.

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Reference ranges of blood-circulating leukocyte populations by, e.g., age and sex, are required for monitoring immune-cell kinetics. Most previous reports in which flow cytometry has been used to define the reference ranges for leukocyte counts included a limited number of donors and/or cell populations and/or did not consider age and sex simultaneously. Moreover, other factors not previously considered in the definition of normal ranges, such as the presence of chronic-lymphocytic-leukemia (CLL)-like low-count monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (MBLlo), might also be associated with an altered distribution of leukocytes in blood in association with an immunodeficiency and increased risk of infection and cancer. Here, we established reference cell-count ranges for the major populations of leukocytes in blood of non-MBL and MBLlo adult Caucasians matched by age and sex using the EuroFlow Lymphocyte Screening Tube (LST). A total of 706 Caucasian adult donors—622 non-MBL and 84 MBLlo—were recruited from the general population. Among non-MBL donors, the total leukocyte, neutrophil, basophil dendritic cell and monocyte counts remained stable through adulthood, while the absolute numbers of T- and B-cell populations and plasma cells decreased with age. The number of eosinophils and NK-cell increased over time, with clear differences according to sex for certain age ranges. In MBLlo subjects, few differences in the absolute cell counts by age (vs. non-MBL) were observed, and MBLlo men and women showed similar trends to non-MBL subjects except for the B-cell count drop observed in >70 y-men, which was more pronounced in MBLlo vs. non-MBL controls. Building robust age- and sex-matched reference ranges for the most relevant immune-cell populations in the blood of non-MBL donors is essential to appropriately identify an altered immune status in different clinical settings and highlight the altered immune-cell profiles of MBLlo subjects.
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8

Romanova, E. B., I. A. Stolyarova, A. G. Bakiev, and R. A. Gorelov. "Comparative leukocyte blood profile of Emys orbicularis (Reptilia: Emydidae) from two populations." Current Studies in Herpetology 21, no. 1/2 (June 21, 2021): 30–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1814-6090-2021-21-1-2-30-42.

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A comparative estimation of the leukocyte profile of the marsh turtle Emys orbicularis (Linnaeus, 1758) living in the Ural river basin (Orenburg region, Belyaevsky district, 11 females and 5 males) and in the Volga river basin (Astrakhan region, Krasnoyarsk district, 28 females and 20 males) was made. The blood formula (WBC) of males and females was calculated together with the calculation of integral leukocytal indices (the lymphocyte-granulocyte index, the leukocyte shift index, the heterophile/lymphocyte ratio, the heterophil/eosinophil ratio, and the lymphocyte/eosinophil ratio). Lymphocytes were the predominant leukocyte cells in the peripheral blood of Emys orbicularis (40–45%). Among granulocytes, heterophiles (the population from the Orenburg region) or basophils (the population from the Astrakhan region) predominated. The absence of any differences in the quantitative indicators of the blood formula and integral indices for males and females indicated a comparable level of impact and identity of the physiological adaptation mechanisms occurring in the animals in the Orenburg region. Intersexual differences were manifested in an increased content of monocytes (u = 3.13, p = 0.001), which indicated activation of the natural immunity of males in comparison with females from the Astrakhan region. The leukocyte composition of the Emys orbicularis blood differed in the content of granulocytes and agranulocytes in different populations. The males from the Orenburg region differed from those from the Astrakhan region by an increased proportion of heterophiles and a reduced content of basophils. Females differed in all blood count parameters, except for eosinophils whose fraction was equal (u = 0.71, p = 1.00). In the peripheral blood of females from the Orenburg region, a higher content of heterophiles, monocytes and a lower content of basophils and lymphocytes were found in comparison with those from the Astrakhan region. Quantitative-qualitative changes were detected in the leukocyte composition of the blood during the invasion of hemoparasites. The specific immune response (the content of lymphocytes) decreased, and the nonspecific defense system (the content of heterophiles) increased. The maintenance of the immunological reactivity of the organism under the conditions of invasion was determined by the functional activity of heterophiles, which was confirmed by a higher value of the heterophil/lymphocyte index. The blood formula (WBC) and the dynamics of leukocytal indexes of Emys orbicularis reflected the active response of the organism to a complex of environmental factors, including parasitic invasions.
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9

Patel, Brijesh V., Kate C. Tatham, Michael R. Wilson, Kieran P. O'Dea, and Masao Takata. "In vivo compartmental analysis of leukocytes in mouse lungs." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 309, no. 7 (October 1, 2015): L639—L652. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00140.2015.

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The lung has a unique structure consisting of three functionally different compartments (alveolar, interstitial, and vascular) situated in an extreme proximity. Current methods to localize lung leukocytes using bronchoalveolar lavage and/or lung perfusion have significant limitations for determination of location and phenotype of leukocytes. Here we present a novel method using in vivo antibody labeling to enable accurate compartmental localization/quantification and phenotyping of mouse lung leukocytes. Anesthetized C57BL/6 mice received combined in vivo intravenous and intratracheal labeling with fluorophore-conjugated anti-CD45 antibodies, and lung single-cell suspensions were analyzed by flow cytometry. The combined in vivo intravenous and intratracheal CD45 labeling enabled robust separation of the alveolar, interstitial, and vascular compartments of the lung. In naive mice, the alveolar compartment consisted predominantly of resident alveolar macrophages. The interstitial compartment, gated by events negative for both intratracheal and intravenous CD45 staining, showed two conventional dendritic cell populations, as well as a Ly6Clo monocyte population. Expression levels of MHCII on these interstitial monocytes were much higher than on the vascular Ly6Clo monocyte populations. In mice exposed to acid aspiration-induced lung injury, this protocol also clearly distinguished the three lung compartments showing the dynamic trafficking of neutrophils and exudative monocytes across the lung compartments during inflammation and resolution. This simple in vivo dual-labeling technique substantially increases the accuracy and depth of lung flow cytometric analysis, facilitates a more comprehensive examination of lung leukocyte pools, and enables the investigation of previously poorly defined “interstitial” leukocyte populations during models of inflammatory lung diseases.
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10

Tshabalala, Mqondisi, Juanita Mellet, and Michael S. Pepper. "Human Leukocyte Antigen Diversity: A Southern African Perspective." Journal of Immunology Research 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/746151.

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Despite the increasingly well-documented evidence of high genetic, ethnic, and linguistic diversity amongst African populations, there is limited data on human leukocyte antigen (HLA) diversity in these populations. HLA is part of the host defense mechanism mediated through antigen presentation to effector cells of the immune system. With the high disease burden in southern Africa, HLA diversity data is increasingly important in the design of population-specific vaccines and the improvement of transplantation therapeutic interventions. This review highlights the paucity of HLA diversity data amongst southern African populations and defines a need for information of this kind. This information will support disease association studies, provide guidance in vaccine design, and improve transplantation outcomes.
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11

Hampton, Brea K., Kara Jensen, Alan C. Whitmore, Clayton R. Morrison, Kenneth S. Plante, Sarah R. Leist, Lisa E. Gralinski, et al. "Genetic regulation of immune homeostatic lung leukocyte populations." Journal of Immunology 204, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2020): 235.4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.235.4.

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Abstract Immune homeostasis is the state where the immune system maintains stability in the absence of insult. Much of the analysis of immune homeostasis has focused on systemic immunity, but it is also likely to be important in an organ specific manner. There is evidence that homeostatic immunity can affect subsequent responses to infection or vaccination. Since the lungs are a major site of infection, we used the Collaborative Cross (CC) mouse genetic reference population to study the genetic regulation of the breadth of baseline immune cell populations in the lung and identify loci regulating these cells at the steady state. We found that all immune cell populations measured showed strong genetic (i.e. strain-specific) variation in cell type abundances. We identified 12 quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with variation in 12 immune cell populations or the relationships between cell populations. Given the role of various immune cells in the lungs during respiratory virus pathogenesis, we asked whether any of the mapped QTL correlated with influenza A virus (IAV) or Severe acute respiratory syndrome associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) disease following infection in the same strains of mice. Notably, a locus we mapped for baseline abundance of CD8+ T cells in the lungs was associated with peak weight loss following IAV infection. Additionally, a locus mapped for variation in Ly6C+ monocyte/macrophage abundance was associated with SARS-CoV titer at days 2 and 4 post-infection. These data suggest that abundance of lung leukocyte populations prior to infection could serve as predictors of immune responses to respiratory viruses.
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12

Kumamoto, Tadashi, David Shalhevet, Hiroyuki Matsue, Mark E. Mummert, Brant R. Ward, James V. Jester, and Akira Takashima. "Hair follicles serve as local reservoirs of skin mast cell precursors." Blood 102, no. 5 (September 1, 2003): 1654–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2003-02-0449.

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AbstractSeveral leukocyte populations normally reside in mouse skin, including Langerhans cells and γδ T cells in the epidermis and macrophage and mast cells in the dermis. Interestingly, these skin resident leukocytes are frequently identified within or around hair follicles (HFs), which are known to contain stem cell populations that can generate the epidermal architecture or give rise to the melanocyte lineage. Thus, we reasoned that HFs might serve as a local reservoir of the resident leukocyte populations in the skin. When vibrissal follicles of adult mice were cultured in the presence of stem cell factor (SCF), interleukin 3 (IL-3), IL-7, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and Flt3 ligand, CD45+/lineage–/c-kit+/FcϵRI+ cells became detectable on the outgrowing fibroblasts in 10 days and expanded progressively thereafter. These HF-derived leukocytes showed characteristic features of connective tissue-type mast cells, including proliferative responsiveness to SCF, metachromatic granules, mRNA expression for mast cell proteases-1, -4, -5, and -6, and histamine release on ligation of surface IgE or stimulation with substance P or compound 48/80. These results, together with our findings that HFs contain c-kit+ cells and produce SCF mRNA and protein, suggest that HFs provide a unique microenvironment for local development of mast cells.
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13

Dietert, R. R., and B. G. Sanders. "Leukocyte cell populations in hereditary muscular dystrophic chickens." Journal of Heredity 76, no. 4 (July 1985): 285–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a110093.

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14

Webb, R. N., J. M. Cruse, and R. E. Lewis. "Decreased TLR4 gene expression in leukemic leukocyte populations." Experimental and Molecular Pathology 87, no. 2 (October 2009): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yexmp.2009.07.007.

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15

Whitworth, M. K., I. Pafilis, G. Vince, and S. Quenby. "Cervical leukocyte sub-populations in idiopathic preterm labour." Journal of Reproductive Immunology 75, no. 1 (August 2007): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jri.2006.12.004.

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16

Boivin, G., M. R. Quirk, B. A. Kringstad, M. Germain, and M. C. Jordan. "Early effects of ganciclovir therapy on the quantity of cytomegalovirus DNA in leukocytes of immunocompromised patients." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 41, no. 4 (April 1997): 860–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.41.4.860.

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The cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA load in leukocytes was measured in 26 immunocompromised patients with CMV disease before and after 10 days of intravenous ganciclovir therapy. Before therapy, the circulating DNA burden of bone marrow transplant recipients was significantly lower than that of other transplant or AIDS patients. Ganciclovir induction therapy significantly decreased the viral DNA load in the leukocyte populations of most patients.
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17

Zimmermann, Lena, Mirko Pham, Alexander G. März, Alexander M. Kollikowski, Guido Stoll, and Michael K. Schuhmann. "Defining cerebral leukocyte populations in local ischemic blood samples from patients with hyperacute stroke." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 42, no. 5 (February 2, 2022): 901–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0271678x221078617.

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In acute stroke, neuroinflammation can nowadays be analyzed by local cerebral aspiration of pial-ischemic blood during mechanical thrombectomy. Recently, Shaw et al. reported on differences in leukocyte subpopulations within the occluded cerebrovascular compartment. In their study, a main proportion of granulocytes was lost during isolation. By immediate analysis, we found a reproducible increase in absolute local granulocytes without variations in absolute lymphocyte and monocyte numbers. Flow-cytometric phenotyping confirmed a high proportion of granulocytes and a local shift towards CD4+ T cells. Thus, immediate analysis appears to be critical to observe distinct local responses of leukocytes to acute ischemic stroke.
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18

Early, Merideth, William G. Schroeder, Ranajana Unnithan, John M. Gilchrist, William A. Muller, and Alan Schenkel. "Differential effect of Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (PECAM-1) on leukocyte infiltration during contact hypersensitivity responses." PeerJ 5 (July 10, 2017): e3555. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3555.

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Background 2′–4′ Dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) induced contact hypersensitivity is an established model of contact sensitivity and leukocyte migration. Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (PECAM-1) deficient mice were used to examine the role of PECAM-1 in the migration capacity of several different leukocyte populations after primary and secondary application. Results γδ T lymphocytes, granulocytes, and Natural Killer cells were most affected by PECAM-1 deficiency at the primary site of application. γδ T lymphocytes, granulocytes, DX5+ Natural Killer cells, and, interestingly, effector CD4+ T lymphocytes were most affected by the loss of PECAM-1 at the secondary site of application. Conclusions PECAM-1 is used by many leukocyte populations for migration, but there are clearly differential effects on the usage by each subset. Further, the overall kinetics of each population varied between primary and secondary application, with large relative increases in γδ T lymphocytes during the secondary response.
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19

Zennadi, Rahima, Ai Chien, Ke Xu, Milena Batchvarova, and Marilyn J. Telen. "Sickle red cells induce adhesion of lymphocytes and monocytes to endothelium." Blood 112, no. 8 (October 15, 2008): 3474–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2008-01-134346.

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Abstract Infusion of epinephrine-activated human sickle erythrocytes (SS RBCs) into nude mice promotes both SS RBC and murine leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelium in vivo. We hypothesized that interaction of epinephrine-stimulated SS RBCs with leukocytes leads to activation of leukocytes, which then adhere to endothelial cells (ECs). In exploring the underlying molecular mechanisms, we have found that coincubation in vitro of epinephrine-treated SS RBCs with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) results in robust adhesion of PBMCs to ECs. Sham-treated SS RBCs had a similar but less pronounced effect, whereas neither sham- nor epinephrine-treated normal RBCs activated PBMC adhesion. PBMC activation was induced via at least 2 RBC adhesion receptors, LW and CD44. In response to SS RBCs, leukocyte CD44 and β2 integrins mediated PBMC adhesion to ECs, a process that involved endothelial E-selectin and fibronectin. SS RBCs activated adhesion of both PBMC populations, lymphocytes and monocytes. Thus, our findings reveal a novel mechanism that may contribute to the pathogenesis of vaso-occlusion in sickle cell disease, in which SS RBCs act via LW and CD44 to stimulate leukocyte adhesion to endothelium, and suggest that RBC LW and CD44 may serve as potential targets for antiadhesive therapy designed to prevent vaso-occlusion.
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20

Khosa, Sugandhika, Maria Bravo Araya, Philip Griebel, Natasa Arsic, and Suresh K. Tikoo. "Bovine Adenovirus-3 Tropism for Bovine Leukocyte Sub-Populations." Viruses 12, no. 12 (December 12, 2020): 1431. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12121431.

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A number of characteristics including lack of virulence and the ability to grow to high titers, have made bovine adenovirus-3 (BAdV-3) a vector of choice for further development as a vaccine-delivery vehicle for cattle. Despite the importance of blood leukocytes, including dendritic cells (DC), in the induction of protective immune responses, little is known about the interaction between BAdV-3 and bovine blood leukocytes. Here, we demonstrate that compared to other leukocytes, bovine blood monocytes and neutrophils are significantly transduced by BAdV404a (BAdV-3, expressing enhanced yellow green fluorescent protein [EYFP]) at a MOI of 1–5 without a significant difference in the mean fluorescence of EYFP expression. Moreover, though expression of some BAdV-3-specific proteins was observed, no progeny virions were detected in the transduced monocytes or neutrophils. Interestingly, addition of the “RGD” motif at the C-terminus of BAdV-3 minor capsid protein pIX (BAV888) enhanced the ability of the virus to enter the monocytes without altering the tropism of BAdV-3. The increased uptake of BAV888 by monocytes was associated with a significant increase in viral genome copies and the abundance of EYFP and BAdV-3 19K transcripts compared to BAdV404a-transduced monocytes. Our results suggest that BAdV-3 efficiently transduces monocytes and neutrophils in the absence of viral replication. Moreover, RGD-modified capsid significantly increases vector uptake without affecting the initial interaction with monocytes.
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Remick, Daniel G., James Larrick, and Steven L. Kunkel. "Tumor necrosis factor-induced alterations in circulating leukocyte populations." Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 141, no. 2 (December 1986): 818–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0006-291x(86)80246-7.

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22

Jongstra-Bilen, Jenny, Virginia L. Misener, Chunjie Wang, Hedy Ginzberg, Anna Auerbach, Alexandra L. Joyner, Gregory P. Downey, and Jan Jongstra. "LSP1 modulates leukocyte populations in resting and inflamed peritoneum." Blood 96, no. 5 (September 1, 2000): 1827–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v96.5.1827.

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Abstract Lymphocyte-specific protein 1, recently renamed leukocyte-specific protein 1 (LSP1), is an F-actin binding protein expressed in lymphocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils in mice and humans. This study examines LSP1-deficient (Lsp1−/−) mice for the development of myeloid and lymphocytic cell populations and their response to the development of peritonitis induced by thioglycollate (TG) and to a T-dependent antigen.Lsp1−/− mice exhibit significantly higher levels of resident macrophages in the peritoneum compared to wild-type (wt) mice, whereas the development of myeloid cells is normal. This increase, which is specific for conventional CD5−macrophages appears to be tissue specific and does not result from differences in adhesion to the peritoneal mesothelium. The level of peritoneal lymphocytes is decreased inLsp1−/− mice without affecting a particular lymphocytic subset. The proportions of precursor and mature lymphocytes in the central and peripheral tissues of Lsp1−/−mice are similar to those of wt mice andLsp1−/−mice mount a normal response to the T-dependent antigen, ovalbumin (OVA). On injection of TG, theLsp1−/−mice exhibit an accelerated kinetics of changes in peritoneal macrophage and neutrophil numbers as compared to wt including increased influx of these cells. LSP1− neutrophils demonstrate an enhanced chemotactic response in vitro to N-formyl methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) and to the C-X-C chemokine, KC, indicating that their enhanced influx into the peritoneum may be a result of increased motility. Our data demonstrate that LSP1 is a negative regulator of neutrophil chemotaxis.
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Jongstra-Bilen, Jenny, Virginia L. Misener, Chunjie Wang, Hedy Ginzberg, Anna Auerbach, Alexandra L. Joyner, Gregory P. Downey, and Jan Jongstra. "LSP1 modulates leukocyte populations in resting and inflamed peritoneum." Blood 96, no. 5 (September 1, 2000): 1827–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v96.5.1827.h8001827_1827_1835.

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Lymphocyte-specific protein 1, recently renamed leukocyte-specific protein 1 (LSP1), is an F-actin binding protein expressed in lymphocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils in mice and humans. This study examines LSP1-deficient (Lsp1−/−) mice for the development of myeloid and lymphocytic cell populations and their response to the development of peritonitis induced by thioglycollate (TG) and to a T-dependent antigen.Lsp1−/− mice exhibit significantly higher levels of resident macrophages in the peritoneum compared to wild-type (wt) mice, whereas the development of myeloid cells is normal. This increase, which is specific for conventional CD5−macrophages appears to be tissue specific and does not result from differences in adhesion to the peritoneal mesothelium. The level of peritoneal lymphocytes is decreased inLsp1−/− mice without affecting a particular lymphocytic subset. The proportions of precursor and mature lymphocytes in the central and peripheral tissues of Lsp1−/−mice are similar to those of wt mice andLsp1−/−mice mount a normal response to the T-dependent antigen, ovalbumin (OVA). On injection of TG, theLsp1−/−mice exhibit an accelerated kinetics of changes in peritoneal macrophage and neutrophil numbers as compared to wt including increased influx of these cells. LSP1− neutrophils demonstrate an enhanced chemotactic response in vitro to N-formyl methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) and to the C-X-C chemokine, KC, indicating that their enhanced influx into the peritoneum may be a result of increased motility. Our data demonstrate that LSP1 is a negative regulator of neutrophil chemotaxis.
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Kuznik, B. I., S. O. Davydov, E. S. Guseva, A. V. Stepanov, Y. N. Smolyakov, N. N. Tsybikov, I. V. Fine, and E. Magen. "Relationship between selected populations of leukocytes and cardiovascular system activity in women with essential hypertension." Systemic Hypertension 14, no. 4 (December 15, 2017): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.26442/sg29208.

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Objective. To investigate the effect of the quantitative ratios of different types of white blood cells on the cardiovascular system in healthy individuals and patients with essential hypertension (EH). Materials and methods. The study was performed on 102 women suffering EH. The control group consisted of 30 healthy patients. Results. In women with EH, both non-engaged (EH-1) and regularly engaged in kinesitherapy (EH-2), compared with the control group, the total content of leukocytes was increased, as well as the ratios of NEUTR/EOS, LYM/EOS, LYM/BAS and EOS/BAS. In hypertensive patients increased stroke volume and end-diastolic left ventricular volume, cardiac output, increased mass and the index of left ventricular mass. In EH-1 patients group, the balance of velocity distribution in the microcirculatory bed changes to fast interlayer processes. In patients with EH-2, these changes are much less pronounced. In healthy women and patients with EH, significant relationships between leukocyte ratios and the level of systolic diastolic, mean, pulse pressure, cardiohemodynamics, hemodynamic indices were found. Conclusion. Regular practice of kinesitherapy brings the condition of cardiohemodynamics, hemodynamic indices, as well as the investigated correlations to the characteristic of healthy women. These data suggest an important role of the relationship of various leukocyte populations in the pathogenesis of EH.
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Forner, Ricardo, Gabrielly Bombassaro, Franciana Volpato Bellaver, Shaiana Maciag, Francisco Noé Fonseca, Danielle Gava, Leticia Lopes, Mariana Groke Marques, and Ana Paula Bastos. "Distribution difference of colostrum-derived B and T cells subsets in gilts and sows." PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (May 3, 2021): e0249366. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249366.

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Piglets are highly vulnerable to infections, but colostrum provides them with some protection. The function of colostrum components is unknown, as is if the amount and subsets of leukocytes in colostrum differ between gilts and sows. This study serially characterized leukocyte populations in colostrum for differential leukocyte counts. Differences in humoral and cellular composition of colostrum between 40 gilts and 40 sows (parities orders 3–4) from a commercial herd were examined. Flow cytometry is a useful tool to identify and quantify leukocyte subsets in sow colostrum. Overall, there were no (p ≥ 0.05) parity differences in total macrophages, granulocytes, and T and B cells. However, the sows’ colostrum presented significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) T lymphocyte subsets than gilts, such as central memory CD4+T cells, effector memory CD4+T cells, and central memory CD8+T cells. Among B-lymphocytes, percentages of SWC7+CD5+ cells were significantly higher in sow colostrum than in that of gilts. As expected, IgG concentrations were significantly higher in sows than in gilts. Colostrum from sows had significantly greater mitogenic activity than colostrum from gilts and this fact can be associated with the potential to accelerate the maturation of a newborn’s gastrointestinal tract. Our findings suggest that parity order may be one among other factors influencing the cell population and, consequently, the immune adaptive response in piglets that induces neutralizing antibodies and cellular immune responses to antigens.
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Agbayani, Gerard, Subash Sad, and Lakshmi Krishnan. "Lack of functional selectin ligand interactions enhances inherent neutrophil function leading to increased resistance to systemic Listeria monocytogenes infection (INC7P.408)." Journal of Immunology 192, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2014): 186.9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.192.supp.186.9.

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Abstract Leukocyte recruitment towards sites of infection involves coordinated ligand-receptor interactions between leukocytes and the vascular wall. Selectins transiently bind to selectin ligands to enable leukocyte tethering and rolling on the vascular wall prior to leukocyte adhesion and transmigration into tissues. These interactions occur following post-translational modifications of selectin ligands, including terminal fucosylation by Fucosyltransferase-IV and -VII. In mice, deficiency in both enzymes (FtDKO) leads to loss of leukocyte tethering and rolling, increased circulating neutrophils and impaired T cell trafficking. However, the role of functional selectin ligand interactions in modulating immunity to bacterial infections remains unclear. We analyzed the kinetics of infection and modulation of immune responses in FtDKO mice infected with Listeria monocytogenes, an intracellular bacterium. FtDKO mice controlled systemic infection more rapidly relative to wild-type mice. This was correlated to increased number and functionality of neutrophils. Adoptive transfer of bone marrow cells from FtDKO mice into irradiated wild-type mice resulted in expansion of neutrophil populations and increased resistance to infection in a neutrophil-dependent manner. Functional selectin ligand deficiency on neutrophils was correlated to increased resistance to cell death. Thus, functional selectin ligand expression is a potential target for enhancing innate immunity against bacterial infection.
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Russom, Aman, Palaniappan Sethu, Daniel Irimia, Michael N. Mindrinos, Steve E. Calvano, Iris Garcia, Celeste Finnerty, et al. "Microfluidic Leukocyte Isolation for Gene Expression Analysis in Critically Ill Hospitalized Patients." Clinical Chemistry 54, no. 5 (May 1, 2008): 891–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2007.099150.

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Abstract Background: Microarray technology is becoming a powerful tool for diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic applications. There is at present no consensus regarding the optimal technique to isolate nucleic acids from blood leukocyte populations for subsequent expression analyses. Current collection and processing techniques pose significant challenges in the clinical setting. Here, we report the clinical validation of a novel microfluidic leukocyte nucleic acid isolation technique for gene expression analysis from critically ill, hospitalized patients that can be readily used on small volumes of blood. Methods: We processed whole blood from hospitalized patients after burn injury and severe blunt trauma according to the microfluidic and standard macroscale leukocyte isolation protocol. Side-by-side comparison of RNA quantity, quality, and genome-wide expression patterns was used to clinically validate the microfluidic technique. Results: When the microfluidic protocol was used for processing, sufficient amounts of total RNA were obtained for genome-wide expression analysis from 0.5 mL whole blood. We found that the leukocyte expression patterns from samples processed using the 2 protocols were concordant, and there was less variability introduced as a result of harvesting method than there existed between individuals. Conclusions: The novel microfluidic approach achieves leukocyte isolation in &lt;25 min, and the quality of nucleic acids and genome expression analysis is equivalent to or surpasses that obtained from macroscale approaches. Microfluidics can significantly improve the isolation of blood leukocytes for genomic analyses in the clinical setting.
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Levine, Rita, Christina Kwong, and Kenneth Beaman. "Expression of a2V-ATPase following addition of ATP leads to cell death (91.18)." Journal of Immunology 182, no. 1_Supplement (April 1, 2009): 91.18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.182.supp.91.18.

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Abstract Surface expression of a2V-ATPase (a2V) is congruent with cell destruction and regulates the immune response. Leukocytes isolated from whole blood display a2V on their surface and are highly sensitive to cell destruction following addition of ATP. Exogenous ATP enhances and alters surface expression of a2V. This augments the cell destruction of certain white cell populations. Like the monocytic cell line studied previously, the epithelial cell lines, TOV112D and JEG3, treated with ATP significantly increased surface expression of a2V. Leukocyte populations incubated with ATP altered surface expression of a2V. Monocytes were strongly a2V positive and sensitive to ATP. The addition of ATP for 1hr resulted in total destruction of the monocyte population. Lymphocytes treated with ATP for 2hrs increased surface expression of a2V dramatically. In vitro addition of ATP led to an increase in granulocytic cell death. These data demonstrate that a2V is an important marker of cell destruction in vivo and in vitro.
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29

von Laer, D., U. Meyer-Koenig, A. Serr, J. Finke, L. Kanz, AA Fauser, D. Neumann- Haefelin, W. Brugger, and FT Hufert. "Detection of cytomegalovirus DNA in CD34+ cells from blood and bone marrow." Blood 86, no. 11 (December 1, 1995): 4086–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v86.11.4086.bloodjournal86114086.

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Infection of hematopoietic progenitor cells with the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) has been proposed as an explanation for the cytopenias associated with HCMV-related disease. To test this hypothesis, CD34+ cells, which include the hematopoietic progenitors, as well as mature leukocyte populations were purified on a fluorescence- activated cell sorter and analyzed for HCMV DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A total of 33 samples from 31 immunosuppressed as well as immunocompetent HCMV-seropositive individuals were studied. CD34+ cells were PCR-positive in four of seven bone marrow aspirates from allogeneic bone marrow transplant recipients, in three of eight aspirates from patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, and in the first of two bone marrow samples from an immunocompetent patient with primary HCMV disease. CD34+ cells purified from peripheral blood for autologous and allogeneic transplantation were also analyzed, and 4 of 13 samples were HCMV DNA-positive. Interestingly, two of the four HCMV-positive samples were from healthy allogeneic donors. Among the mature leukocyte populations, the monocytes were most frequently found to be HCMV DNA-positive. No HCMV DNA was detected in the total bone marrow leukocytes of 13 healthy seropositive bone marrow donors or in the CD34+ cell fraction of three further seropositive donors. In conclusion, the data provide strong evidence that CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells can be infected with HCMV in immunosuppressed patients, while this cell population was not identified as a major viral reservoir in healthy HCMV-seropositive individuals.
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Johnston, B., T. B. Issekutz, and P. Kubes. "The alpha 4-integrin supports leukocyte rolling and adhesion in chronically inflamed postcapillary venules in vivo." Journal of Experimental Medicine 183, no. 5 (May 1, 1996): 1995–2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.183.5.1995.

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A role for the alpha 4-integrin (alpha 4 beta 1 or alpha 4 beta 7), has been implicated in the recruitment of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to sites of inflammation. However, the adhesive interactions (i.e., tethering, rolling, and adhesion) mediated by the alpha 4-integrin have not been characterized in vivo. The objective of this study was to establish a model wherein postcapillary venules were chronically inflamed, and then use intravital microscopy to identify the adhesive interactions mediated by the alpha 4-integrin in vivo. Between 4 and 20 d after immunization with Mycobacterium butyricum, animals developed a systemic vasculitis characterized by large increases in the numbers of rolling and adhering leukocytes within mesenteric venules. The selectins could only account for approximately 50% of the leukocyte rolling whereas the remaining cells rolled exclusively via the alpha 4-integrin. Anti-alpha 4 therapy also eliminated the increase in leukocyte adhesion observed in this model, whereas selectin therapies and an anti-CD18 (beta 2-integrin) monoclonal antibody (mAb) did not reduce adhesion. A serum against polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) was used to confirm that a significant proportion of rolling cells, and most of the adhering cells were PBMCs. Sequential treatment with anti-PMN serum and the anti-alpha 4 mAb demonstrated that alpha 4-dependent rolling was distinct from PMN rolling populations. Initial leukocyte tethering via the alpha 4-integrin could not be demonstrated in this model, whereas L-selectin did support leukocyte tethering. These data suggest that the alpha 4-integrin can mediate both rolling and adhesion in the multistep recruitment of PMBCs in vivo, and these interactions occur independently of the selectins and beta 2-integrins.
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31

Lustberg, Maryam B., Brandon L. Miller, Yongqi Wu, Wei Xue, Clayton Deighan, Sarah Carothers, Michael J. Berger, Charles L. Shapiro, and Jeffrey J. Chalmers. "Circulating CD68 positive (+) leukocytes in blood samples from patients (pts) with breast cancer (BC)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 27_suppl (September 20, 2012): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.27_suppl.172.

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172 Background: Several different CD45 + leukocyte populations are present in primary breast tumors and stroma (Coussens et al, 2011). These include CD4+/CD8+ T cells and myeloid derived cells such tumor associated macrophages/monocytes (TAMs). TAMs are under investigation as prognostic and predictive markers during chemotherapy (CX). The detection of TAMs has been restricted thus far to tumor tissue. We hypothesized that we can detect changes in CD45+ leukocyte populations in blood samples obtained before and during CX from pts with early and advanced BC. Methods: Venous blood samples from BC patients were collected, and were either directly analyzed or further processed using previously described immunomagnetic negative depletion. Multistep, sequential labeling was performed to first label and fix cell surface markers followed by permeablization for cytokeratins, before and after negative depletion, followed by multiparameter flow cytometry analysis for the following basic markers: CD45, cytokeratins, and EpCAM, and for a subset of patients additional markers including: CD13, CD14, CD68, and CD133. Results: Forty blood samples were analyzed and study is ongoing. Different CD45+ subpopulations were observed in peripheral blood including: a) CD45+, CK+, CD68 negative (-), b) CD45+, CK+, CD68+, c) CD45+, CK+, CD68+, CD14+, and CD16+. In addition, there was a trend in increasing CD 68+ leukocytes after 1 cycle of CX in pts with poor response to therapy or progression of disease. No abnormal cell subpopulations were present blood samples from healthy volunteers. Conclusions: This is the first study to report various peripheral blood leukocyte populations in BC that are similar to those observed in primary breast tumor stroma. The precise origin of these CD45 + cells is under investigation, including additional phenotypic characterization for TAMs. Results will be correlated to patient stage, tumor subtype and response to therapy.
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32

Kasten-Jolly, Jane, and David A. Lawrence. "Differential blood leukocyte populations based on individual variances and age." Immunologic Research 70, no. 1 (January 13, 2022): 114–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12026-021-09257-6.

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33

Baker, Michael, Colette Ntam, Carroll Reese, Tanika Martin, Satia Carrington, Jane Leotaub, Leonette Cox, Richard Williams, and Dwayne Hill. "Internalization of Near-Infrared Fluorescent Dyes within Isolated Leukocyte Populations." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 3, no. 1 (March 31, 2006): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph2006030004.

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34

Gahrton, G., L. Brandt, S. Franzén, and Å. Nordén. "Cytochemical Variants of Neutrophil Leukocyte Populations in Chronic Myelocytic Leukaemia." Scandinavian Journal of Haematology 6, no. 6 (April 24, 2009): 365–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0609.1969.tb01829.x.

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35

Al-Hadithi, Hiba, Douglas G. Tincello, Gill S. Vince, and David H. Richmond. "Leukocyte populations in interstitial cystitis and idiopathic reduced bladder storage." Urology 59, no. 6 (June 2002): 851–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0090-4295(02)01628-x.

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36

Dambaeva, Svetlana V., Edith E. Breburda, Maureen Durning, Mark A. Garthwaite, and Thaddeus G. Golos. "Characterization of decidual leukocyte populations in cynomolgus and vervet monkeys." Journal of Reproductive Immunology 80, no. 1-2 (June 2009): 57–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jri.2008.12.006.

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37

Potter, Simon J., Philippe Lemey, Guillaume Achaz, Choo Beng Chew, Anne-Mieke Vandamme, Dominic E. Dwyer, and Nitin K. Saksena. "HIV-1 compartmentalization in diverse leukocyte populations during antiretroviral therapy." Journal of Leukocyte Biology 76, no. 3 (June 24, 2004): 562–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1189/jlb.0404234.

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38

Bouzas, Lorena, J. Carlos Guinarte, and J. Carlos Tutor. "Chitotriosidase activity in plasma and mononuclear and polymorphonuclear leukocyte populations." Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis 17, no. 6 (2003): 271–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcla.10108.

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39

Nesterchuk, S. L., N. S. Suleimanova, E. R. Tkachenko, L. V. Adamyan, L. A. Marchenko, and G. T. Sukhikh. "Isolation and characterization of endometrial leukocyte populations by flow cytometry." Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine 117, no. 1 (January 1994): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02444085.

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40

Abou-Slaybi, Abdo, Arsia Jamali, Deshea L. Harris, Yashar Seyed-Razavi, and Pedram Hamrah. "Analysis of leukocyte populations and nerves in developing murine corneas." Journal of Immunology 202, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2019): 117.15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.202.supp.117.15.

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Abstract The avascular cornea is the most densely innervated tissue in the body and is endowed with resident bone marrow-derived cells. We have identified a novel subset of resident corneal plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). We have shown pDCs support corneal nerves through release of nerve growth factor (NGF). This study was to examine the presence of pDCs in the developing cornea. We examined corneas from E17, P2, and 8 week adult C57BL/6 mice. Corneas were stained for the pan-leukocyte marker CD45, the pDC marker plasmacytoid dendritic cell antigen-1 (PDCA-1), the pan-neuronal marker bIII-tubulin. Corneal CD45+ and PDCA-1+ cells and nerves were quantified. Significance was assigned by ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey test. All data is reported as mean ± standard deviation. Corneal CD45+ leukocyte density increased from E17 (65.4±14 cells/mm2) to P2 pups (301.9±19 cells/mm2, p&lt;0.05). Both E17 and P2 corneas had lower CD45+ density when compared to adults (345±34 cells/mm2, p&lt;0.05). We observed pDCs in the anterior stroma proximal to corneal nerves in E17, P2, and adult corneas. In E17, few pDCs were present in the peripheral cornea (1.5±2.6 cells/mm2), with none in the central cornea. In P2, pDCs were found in the periphery (68.19±8.99 cells/mm2), but not central corneas. The density of pDCs in adult peripheral (82.2±5.1 cells/mm2) and central (51.6±4.9 cells/mm2) corneas was greater than E17 (p&lt;0.001) and P2 (p&lt;0.05) corneas. Nerve density increased from E17 (45.43±6.75 mm/mm2) when compared to P2 (83.15±.21.6 mm/mm2 p&lt;0.05) and to adult (151.6±3.25 mm/mm2 p&lt;0.05) corneas. Our data show pDC density increased from embryonic, to neonatal, and adult corneas. Concurrently corneal nerve density increased during development from embryonic to adult mice.
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41

Brownstein, Bernard H., Tanya Logvinenko, James A. Lederer, J. Perren Cobb, William J. Hubbard, Irshad H. Chaudry, Daniel G. Remick, Henry V. Baker, Wenzhong Xiao, and John A. Mannick. "Commonality and differences in leukocyte gene expression patterns among three models of inflammation and injury." Physiological Genomics 24, no. 3 (March 2006): 298–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiolgenomics.00213.2005.

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The aim of this study was to compare gene expression profiles of leukocytes from blood (white blood cells; WBCs) and spleen harvested at an early time point after injury or sham injury in mice subjected to trauma/hemorrhage, burn injury, or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) infusion at three experimental sites. Groups of injured or LPS-infused animals and sham controls were killed at 2 h after injury and resuscitation, blood and spleen were harvested, and leukocyte populations were recovered after erythrocyte lysis. RNA was extracted from postlysis leukocyte populations. Complementary RNA was synthesized from each RNA sample and hybridized to microarrays. A large number (500–1,400) of genes were differentially expressed at the 2-h time point in injured or LPS-infused vs. sham animals. Thirteen of the differentially expressed genes in blood, and 46 in the spleen, were upregulated or downregulated in common among all three animal models and may represent a common, early transcriptional response to systemic inflammation from a variety of causes. The majority of these genes could be assigned to pathways involved in the immune response and cell death. The up- or downregulation of a cohort of 23 of these genes was validated by RT-PCR. This large-scale microarray analysis shows that, at the 2-h time point, there is marked alteration in leukocyte gene expression in three animal models of injury and inflammation. Although there is some commonality among the models, the majority of the differentially expressed genes appear to be uniquely associated with the type of injury and/or the inflammatory stimulus.
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42

Rothberger, Henry, Jesse Meredith, Tom Mutton, Jeffery Brown, and Maria P. McGee. "Increased Tissue Factor Activity Generation In Vitro by Canine Blood Leukocytes Associated with Allogeneic Kidney Transplantation and Rejection." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 53, no. 01 (1985): 001–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1661224.

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SummaryUsing a canine model, leukocyte populations enriched for monocytes and lymphocytes were isolated from blood during three week periods after kidney allotransplantation corresponding to episodes of acute rejection. Relative to controls, these cells incubated in vitro for five hours were found to generate increased amounts of PCA (procoagulant activity) characterized as tissue factor, the extrinsic clotting pathway activator. Controls included comparable blood leukocyte populations isolated from kidney autograft recipients and healthy animals. Differences in results for these two control groups were insignificant. These contrasts observed between allografted animals and controls demonstrate that leukocyte PCA generation is stimulated by the allogeneicity of histoincompatible kidneys rather than by direct effects of organ transplantation or non-specific postoperative effects. Results of in vitro transfer experiments provide evidence that cellular stimulation or induction in vivo accounted for the PCA increases observed. Stimulation of leukocyte tissue factor generation as a consequence of allogeneic kidney transplantation may in part acccount for coagulopathies and fibrin deposition during kidney rejection.
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43

Casagrande, Felipe Beccaria, Sabrina de Souza Ferreira, Fernanda Peixoto Barbosa Nunes, Lavínia Maria Dal’Mas Romera, Suelen Silvana dos Santos, Fernando Henrique Galvão Tessaro, Paula Regina Knox de Souza, Sandro Rogério Almeida, and Joilson Oliveira Martins. "Insulin Modulates Paracoccidioides brasiliensis-Induced Inflammation by Restoring the Populations of NK Cells, Dendritic Cells, and B Lymphocytes in Lungs." Journal of Diabetes Research 2018 (October 22, 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6209694.

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Paracoccidioidomycosis, a key issue for Brazilian health service, can be aggravated in patients with impaired immunological responses, such as diabetic patients. We evaluated the role of insulin in inflammatory parameters in diabetic and nondiabetic mice using a systemic mycosis Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (Pb) model. Diabetic C57BL-6 mice and controls were infected with Pb18 and treated with insulin for 12 days prior to experiments. After 55 days, infected diabetic mice exhibited fewer leukocytes in both peritoneal lavage fluid (PeLF) and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and reduced secretion of interleukin- (IL-) 6 in lungs. In addition, diabetic mice presented a reduced influx of TCD4+ cells, TCD8+ cells, B lymphocytes, NK cells, and dendritic cells compared to control infected groups. Insulin treatment restored the leukocyte number in PeLF and restored the presence of B lymphocytes, dendritic cells, and NK cells in lungs of diabetic animals. The data suggest that diabetic mice present impaired immunological response to Pb18 infection and insulin modulates inflammation by reducing IL-6 levels in lung and CINC-1 levels in spleen and liver homogenates, restoring leukocyte concentrations in PeLF and also restoring populations of dendritic cells and B lymphocytes in lungs of diabetic mice, permitting the host to better control the infection.
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44

You, Leiming, Aijie Liu, Xiaopu Sang, Xinhui Gao, Ting’An Li, Shen Zhang, Kunyu Li, et al. "Integrated Analyses of lncRNA and mRNA Profiles Reveal Characteristic and Functional Changes of Leukocytes in Qi-Deficiency Constitution and Pi-Qi-Deficiency Syndrome of Chronic Superficial Gastritis." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2020 (July 16, 2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8518053.

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Objects. To investigate the lncRNA-mediated trans- and cis-regulation of genes expression underlying leukocyte functions and characteristics, especially the leukocyte-related biomarkers implicated in the linkage between traditional Chinese medicine- (TCM-) defined qi-deficiency constitution (QDC) and Pi-qi-deficiency syndrome (PQDS) of chronic superficial gastritis (CSG). Methods. We adopted RNA-sequencing approach to identify differential lncRNAs and genes in leukocytes, clustered expression profiles, and analyzed biological functions and pathways of differential genes to decode their potential roles in contributing to characteristics and functions of leukocytes. In addition, interaction networks were created to detail the interactions between differential genes. In particular, we explored differential lncRNAs-mediated regulation of differential genes and predicted the subcellular location of lncRNAs to reveal their potential roles. Results. Compared with TCM-defined balanced constitution (BC), 183 and 93 genes as well as 749 and 651 lncRNAs were differentially expressed (P<0.05 and |log2 (fold change)| ≥1) in leukocytes of individuals from case populations 1 (QDC) and 2 (PQDS), respectively. Of them, 12 genes and 111 lncRNAs were common to each case population. Several networks were created to detail the interactions among case-specific genes, especially case-specific lncRNAs-mediated regulation of case-specific genes. Also, interaction networks were created for the common lncRNAs and genes. HCL analyses showed that differential genes and lncRNAs, especially the common genes and lncRNAs, kept similar expression patterns in both case populations. Furthermore, function enrichment analyses just indicated the common biological processes, namely, extracellular matrix organization and cell adhesion via plasma membrane adhesion molecules. In addition, most common genes underwent very tight and complex regulation of many trans- and cis-acting lncRNAs. In particular, of them, ADAMTSL5, COL26A1, COL27A1, MSH5, and LOC390937 could be regulated by multiple case-specific and common lncRNAs, including the means that directs binding of the common lncRNAs to their coded proteins. The common changes in the extracellular matrix and integral components of plasma membrane related to cell-cell adhesion/junction and communication may implicate the linkage between QDC and PQDS, contributing to alterations in characteristics and functions of leukocytes. Conclusions. These results may provide new insights into the characteristic and functional changes of leukocytes in QDC and PQDS, especially the mechanism underlying the linkage of QDC to PQDS, with potential leukocytes biomarkers for future application in integrative medicine.
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Lukacs, N. W., R. M. Strieter, K. Warmington, P. Lincoln, S. W. Chensue, and S. L. Kunkel. "Differential recruitment of leukocyte populations and alteration of airway hyperreactivity by C-C family chemokines in allergic airway inflammation." Journal of Immunology 158, no. 9 (May 1, 1997): 4398–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.158.9.4398.

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Abstract Allergic airway inflammation is characterized by peribronchial leukocyte accumulation within the airway. Subsequent tissue damage leading to airway hyperreactivity is a result of activation of multiple leukocyte populations. Using an established model of allergic airway inflammation induced by intratracheal challenge with parasite (Schistosoma mansoni) egg Ag in presensitized mice, we have examined differential leukocyte recruitment. These studies have identified key chemokines involved in the accumulation of specific subsets of cells and the induction of airway hyperreactivity. In this study we have examined three C-C family chemokines, MCP-1, MIP-1alpha, and RANTES, which promote mononuclear cell- and eosinophil-specific recruitment to the airway. The in vivo neutralization of either MIP-1alpha or RANTES, but not MCP-1, significantly reduced the intensity of the eosinophil recruitment to the lung and airway during the allergic airway response by &gt;50 and &gt;60%, respectively. In contrast, neutralization of MCP-1 significantly reduced total leukocyte migration (&gt;50% reduction), whereas neutralization of RANTES and MIP-1alpha had no significant affect on the overall leukocyte migration. Further examination of the effect of MCP-1 depletion indicated that both CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocyte subsets were decreased. Depletion of MCP-1 significantly reduced the airway hyperreactivity to near control levels, whereas depletion of MIP-1alpha or RANTES did not affect the intensity of airway hyperreactivity. These data indicate that multiple C-C chemokines are involved in the recruitment of particular leukocyte populations and that neutralization of MCP-1, but not RANTES or MIP-1alpha, significantly reduced airway hyperreactivity.
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46

Rossi, S., VM Sá-Rocha, D. Kinoshita, A. Genoy-Puerto, T. Zwarg, MR Werneck, LC Sá-Rocha, and ER Matushima. "Flow cytometry as a tool in the evaluation of blood leukocyte function in Chelonia mydas (Linnaeus, 1758) (Testudines, Cheloniidae)." Brazilian Journal of Biology 69, no. 3 (August 2009): 899–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842009000400019.

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Chelonia mydas is a sea turtle that feeds and nests on the Brazilian coast and a disease called fibropapillomatosis is a threat to this species. Because of this, it is extremely necessary to determine a methodology that would enable the analysis of blood leukocyte function in these sea turtles. In order to achieve this aim, blood samples were collected from C. mydas with or without fibropapillomas captured on the São Paulo north coast. Blood samples were placed in tubes containing sodium heparin and were transported under refrigeration to the laboratory in sterile RPMI 1640 cell culture medium. Leukocytes were separated by density gradient using Ficoll-PaqueTM Plus, Amershan Biociences®. The following stimuli were applied in the assessment of leukocyte function: Phorbol Miristate-Acetate (PMA) for oxidative burst activity evaluation and Zymosan A (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) Bio Particles®, Alexa Fluor® 594 conjugate for phagocytosis evaluation. Three cell populations were identified: heterophils, monocytes and lymphocytes. Monocytes were the cells responsible for phagocytosis and oxidative burst.
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47

Dey, Pranoy, and Rhitwika Das. "Leukocytic picture in pediatric Coronavirus Disease-19 infection." Indian Journal of Child Health 8, no. 8 (September 5, 2021): 277–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.32677/ijch.v8i8.2980.

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Background: Coronavirus is a large family of enveloped single-stranded zoonotic RNA virus, causes a wide spectrum of disease including Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). It is a systemic disease where immunological response has been cited as the most important parameter for both COVID-19 related death as well recoveries. Among all the blood parameters, leukocytes play the most important role in mounting an immune response. COVID-19 being a novel virus has enough literature on its leukocytic picture in adult population which is being lacking in pediatrics study. Aim: The aim of the study was to study the leukocyte picture of COVID-19 positive pediatric populations admitted in Assam Medical College and Hospital. Methods: An observational study was conducted on COVID-19 positive pediatrics patients (Age >1 month–12 years) as detected by rapid antigen test/reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and whose blood samples could be sent for investigations. Patient’s status and leukocytic picture at the time of admission were studied. They were followed up till discharge. Results: A total 54 COVID-19 positive patients were enrolled in the study. The mean age group was 8±2 years and gender was male predominant. Out of 54 patients enrolled in the study, 38.89% had lymphocytopenia, 25.9% neutropenia, 24% normal blood picture, and 12.96% had leukocytosis. Four patients expired and 50 patients were discharged. Neutropenia was found in 100% of the mortalities. Conclusion: Lymphocytopenia is the most commonly found deranged blood parameter. Neutropenia when found in COVID-19 positive pediatrics population, signify poor prognosis.
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48

Menousek, Joseph, Christopher M. Horn, Cortney E. Heim, Zachary Van Roy, Lee E. Korshoj, and Tammy Kielian. "Transcriptional Profiling of Phagocytic Leukocytes and Microglia Reveals a Critical Role for Reactive Oxygen Species in Biofilm Containment during Staphylococcus aureus Craniotomy Infection." Journal of Immunology 209, no. 10 (November 15, 2022): 1973–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.2200503.

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Abstract Craniotomies are performed to treat a variety of intracranial pathology. Surgical site infection remains a complication of craniotomy despite the use of prophylactic antibiotics and universal sterile precautions. Infections occur in 1–3% of procedures, with approximately half caused by Staphylococcus aureus that forms a biofilm on the bone flap and is recalcitrant to systemic antibiotic therapy. We used an S. aureus-dsRed construct to compare the phagocytic capacity of leukocytes and microglia in vitro and in vivo using a mouse model of craniotomy infection. In addition, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was applied to determine whether a transcriptional signature could be identified for phagocytic versus nonphagocytic cells in vivo. S. aureus was phagocytosed to equivalent extents in microglia, macrophages, neutrophils, and granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells in vitro; however, microglial uptake of S. aureus was limited in vivo, whereas the other leukocyte populations exhibited phagocytic activity. scRNA-seq comparing the transcriptional signatures of phagocytic (S. aureus-dsRed+) versus nonphagocytic (S. aureus-dsRed−) leukocytes identified classical pathways enriched in phagocytic cells (i.e., reactive oxygen species [ROS]/reactive nitrogen species, lysosome, iron uptake, and transport), whereas nonphagocytic populations had increased ribosomal, IFN, and hypoxia signatures. scRNA-seq also revealed a robust ROS profile, which led to the exploration of craniotomy infection in NADPH oxidase 2 knockout mice. S. aureus burden, leukocyte recruitment, and intracellular bacterial load were significantly increased in NADPH oxidase 2 KO compared with wild-type animals. Collectively, these results highlight the importance of ROS generation in phagocytes for S. aureus biofilm containment, but not clearance, during craniotomy infection.
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49

Spencer, S. C., and J. W. Fabre. "Characterization of the tissue macrophage and the interstitial dendritic cell as distinct leukocytes normally resident in the connective tissue of rat heart." Journal of Experimental Medicine 171, no. 6 (June 1, 1990): 1841–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.171.6.1841.

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Immunohistological studies with a mouse anti-rat macrophage mAb (BMAC-5) demonstrated the presence of numerous positive cells in the interstitial connective tissues of many organs. The pattern resembled that seen with anti-MHC class II antibodies, with the striking exception that BMAC-5+ cells were rare or absent in the portal triad, the islets of Langerhans, and the kidney. Double-labeling fluorescence studies were therefore performed in rat heart using the BMAC-5 mAb in combination with rabbit antisera to pure rat class II MHC antigens and pure rat leukocyte common (CD45) antigens. The tissue macrophages in heart were identified as BMAC-5+, MHC class II-negative, leukocyte common antigen-positive cells. They could be distinguished from the BMAC-5-, MHC class II-positive, leukocyte common antigen-positive interstitial dendritic cells. Moreover, 7 d after lethal irradiation, the class II-positive interstitial dendritic cells had completely disappeared from heart, whereas the BMAC-5+ macrophages were present in undiminished numbers. These studies strongly suggest that the interstitial dendritic cell and the tissue macrophage represent two distinct populations of leukocytes within the connective tissues of antigenically secluded organs such as the heart. They have potentially important implications for the physiology of the immune system, as well as for autoimmunity and transplantation.
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50

Hové, Carmen, Benjamin C. Trumble, Amy S. Anderson, Jonathan Stieglitz, Hillard Kaplan, Michael D. Gurven, and Aaron D. Blackwell. "Immune function during pregnancy varies between ecologically distinct populations." Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health 2020, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 114–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/emph/eoaa022.

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Abstract Background and objectives Among placental mammals, females undergo immunological shifts during pregnancy to accommodate the fetus (i.e. fetal tolerance). Fetal tolerance has primarily been characterized within post-industrial populations experiencing evolutionarily novel conditions (e.g. reduced pathogen exposure), which may shape maternal response to fetal antigens. This study investigates how ecological conditions affect maternal immune status during pregnancy by comparing the direction and magnitude of immunological changes associated with each trimester among the Tsimane (a subsistence population subjected to high pathogen load) and women in the USA. Methodology Data from the Tsimane Health and Life History Project (N = 935) and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (N = 1395) were used to estimate population-specific effects of trimester on differential leukocyte count and C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of systemic inflammation. Results In both populations, pregnancy was associated with increased neutrophil prevalence, reduced lymphocyte and eosinophil count and elevated CRP. Compared to their US counterparts, pregnant Tsimane women exhibited elevated lymphocyte and eosinophil counts, fewer neutrophils and monocytes and lower CRP. Total leukocyte count remained high and unchanged among pregnant Tsimane women while pregnant US women exhibited substantially elevated counts, resulting in overlapping leukocyte prevalence among all third-trimester individuals. Conclusions and implications Our findings indicate that ecological conditions shape non-pregnant immune baselines and the magnitude of immunological shifts during pregnancy via developmental constraints and current trade-offs. Future research should investigate how such flexibility impacts maternal health and disease susceptibility, particularly the degree to which chronic pathogen exposure might dampen inflammatory response to fetal antigens. Lay Summary This study compares immunological changes associated with pregnancy between the Tsimane (an Amazonian subsistence population) and individuals in the USA. Results suggest that while pregnancy enhances non-specific defenses and dampens both antigen-specific immunity and parasite/allergy response, ecological conditions strongly influence immune baselines and the magnitude of shifts during gestation.
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