Academic literature on the topic 'Leukocyte migration; Immunosuppressive agents'

ADAMS, DAVID H., LIAN FU WANG, JAMES M. NEUBERGER, and ELWYN ELIAS. "INHIBITION OF LEUKOCYTE CHEMOTAXIS BY IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENTS." Transplantation 50, no. 5 (November 1990): 845–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007890-199011000-00020.

Smith, D. A., G. G. Schurig, S. A. Smith, and S. D. Holladay. "Inhibited Cytotoxic Leukocyte Activity in Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Following Exposure to Immunotoxic Chemicals." International Journal of Toxicology 18, no. 3 (April 1999): 167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/109158199225459.

Winston, Kevin, Hasan Maulahela, Lusiani Lusiani, Raditya Dewangga, and Lazuardi G. Ilhami. "Current Role of Anti-Integrin Therapy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease." Indonesian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Digestive Endoscopy 21, no. 2 (September 30, 2020): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.24871/2122020137-145.

Pocheć, Ewa, Katarzyna Bocian, Marta Ząbczyńska, Grażyna Korczak-Kowalska, and Anna Lityńska. "Immunosuppressive Drugs Affect High-Mannose/Hybrid N-Glycans on Human Allostimulated Leukocytes." Analytical Cellular Pathology 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/324980.

Cao, Jing-Yuan, Qing Guo, Ge-Fei Guan, Chen Zhu, Cun-Yi Zou, Lu-Yang Zhang, Wen Cheng, et al. "Elevated lymphocyte specific protein 1 expression is involved in the regulation of leukocyte migration and immunosuppressive microenvironment in glioblastoma." Aging 12, no. 2 (January 29, 2020): 1656–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/aging.102706.

Schnitzler, Johan G., Renate M. Hoogeveen, Lubna Ali, Koen H. M. Prange, Farahnaz Waissi, Michel van Weeghel, Julian C. Bachmann, et al. "Atherogenic Lipoprotein(a) Increases Vascular Glycolysis, Thereby Facilitating Inflammation and Leukocyte Extravasation." Circulation Research 126, no. 10 (May 8, 2020): 1346–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circresaha.119.316206.

Truong, Nga T. H., Tessa Gargett, Michael P. Brown, and Lisa M. Ebert. "Effects of Chemotherapy Agents on Circulating Leukocyte Populations: Potential Implications for the Success of CAR-T Cell Therapies." Cancers 13, no. 9 (May 6, 2021): 2225. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13092225.

Pavlath, G. K., T. A. Rando, and H. M. Blau. "Transient immunosuppressive treatment leads to long-term retention of allogeneic myoblasts in hybrid myofibers." Journal of Cell Biology 127, no. 6 (December 15, 1994): 1923–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.127.6.1923.

Becker, Daniel J., Elizabeth M. Schultz, Jonathan W. Atwell, and Ellen D. Ketterson. "Urban residency and leukocyte profiles in a traditionally migratory songbird." Animal Migration 6, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ami-2019-0002.

Rossi, Elisa, Francisco Sanz-Rodriguez, Nelida Eleno, Annette Düwell, Francisco J. Blanco, Carmen Langa, Luisa M. Botella, Carlos Cabañas, José M. Lopez-Novoa, and Carmelo Bernabeu. "Endothelial endoglin is involved in inflammation: role in leukocyte adhesion and transmigration." Blood 121, no. 2 (January 10, 2013): 403–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2012-06-435347.

Pattison, James Michael. "Aspects of the function and regulation of the human chemokine RANTES." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308849.

Pesce, John Thomas. "Early events leading to the host protective Th2 immune response to an intestinal nematode parasite /." Download the dissertation in PDF, 2005. http://www.lrc.usuhs.mil/dissertations/pdf/Pesce2005.pdf.

"multiple donors. Three women had normal pregnancies and deliveries at term. Several groups have replicated this work with spouse leukocytes and successful deliveries result in more than 50% of the women treated. Crohn's Disease Crohn's disease is an inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract which presents with diarrhea and crampy abdominal pain. Recurrence of disease following surgery is common -nearly half of the patients will develop symptoms of recurrence within ten years of surgical resection of all diseased bowel. Immune function is abnormal and patients are often treated with immunosuppressive steroids. Transfused patients have significantly decreased total lymphocyte and t-cell counts following surgery despite being clinically well. Increasing numbers of units of blood received are associated with progressively lower numbers of lymphocytes at follow-up. Several groups have studied the effect of blood transfusion on the outcome Crohn's disease because the immunosuppressive effects of transfusion might benefit patients in the same way steroids affect the course to the disease. Most of the studies observed that untransfused patients exhibited higher rates of recurrence than transfused patients (37-40). The studies suggest that transfusion may influence the course of diseases which are thought to have an immune or autoimmune basis and clinically respond to steroids. Crohn's disease patients with more severe disease, those with lower hemoglobins and serum albumins, undergoing resection of more bowel, should have higher recurrence rates. Yet, these patients when transfused have recurrence rates comparable to untransfused patients with higher hemoglobins and albumins and less bowel resected. Wound Healing It has recently been recognized that lymphocytes contribute to wound healing which is primarily mediated by macrophages. Lymphocytes secrete lymphokines which enhance fibroblast replication, migration and collagen synthesis. In vivo depletion of lymphocytes impairs skin wound healing. Since transfusions inhibit lymphocyte function, transfusion-induced inhibition of lymphocyte function should lead to impaired wound healing (41). Rats undergoing ileocolic resection with primary anastomosis and transfusion with saline, syngeneic or allogeneic blood were sacrificed three and seven days following surgery and the bursting pressure of the anastomosis measured. Bursting pressure was significantly lower following transfusion with syngeneic or allogeneic blood in comparison to saline. Hydroxyproline content of the anastomoses was reduced and anastomotic abscesses were common in the transfused animals. This study clearly implicates blood transfusion in impaired wound healing. D iabetes In man, insulin dependent diabetes mellitus is associated with decreases in both the number and functional activity of suppresser T lymphocytes. In the Bio-Breeding rat, diabetes develops when the animals develop pancreatic insulitis, suggesting a cell-mediated immune pathogenesis. Diabetes is prevented in these animals by treating them with immunosuppressive agents such as anti-lymphocyte serum, steroids, cyclosporin, irradiation, neonatal thymectomy, or blood transfusion (42)." In Transfusion Immunology and Medicine, 299. CRC Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482273441-28.

"affecting survival following septic challenge in animal models. Using a pseudomonas contaminated burn model they found that the effect of transfusion was not dose-related (24). They also demonstrated with this model that transfusion within 24 hours of pseudomonas challenge did not affect survival, suggesting that a time dependent interaction of the recipient and the transfused blood takes place resulting in increased susceptibility to bacterial challenge (24). Neither anesthesia (methoxyflurane) nor transfusion affected survival of animals given intravenous injections in comparison to untransfused unanesthesized animals given the same intravenous dose of E. coli (26). Both allogeneic transfusion and anesthesia caused significantly increased mortality compared to controls when 10^ E. coli were injected into the peritoneal cavity. The timing of transfusion relative to septic challenge and the severity of the septic challenge interact in determining the significance of allogeneic blood for increasing susceptibility to infectious agents (27). Immunosuppressive thromboxane and prostaglandins E and Fla production by macrophages is increased following allogeneic transfusion (28) and macrophage migration into the peritoneal cavity is reduced in animals previously transfused with allogeneic blood (29). Macrophages from animals transfused with allogeneic blood also exhibit impaired ability to phagocytose and kill bacteria in culture. Leukotrienes are immunostimulatory metabolites of arachidonic acid and their production is inhibited following allogeneic transfusion. Macrophages and macrophage supernatants from transfused rats suppress lymphocyte responses to PHA (30). Significant elevations of serum corticosterone accompany declines in leukocyte counts in animals transfused with allogeneic blood in comparison to syngeneic recipients (31). The experimental studies reproducibly demonstrate that allogeneic blood transfusion causes inhibition of cellular antibacterial mechanisms which cause increased susceptibility to bacterial pathogens. The models support the hypothesis that transfusion-induced immune suppression leads to enhanced susceptibility to bacterial pathogens in the recipient. CANCER RECURRENCE In 1981 a letter in The Lancet suggested that the immunosuppressive properties of transfusion which are beneficial for dialysis patients may be detrimental for patients with malignancies (32). There are now over one hundred published studies investigating the relationship between homologous blood transfusion and cancer recurrence. Meta-analysis of 20 colorectal studies representing 5,236 patients calculated cumulative odds ratios of 1.8 for disease recurrence, and 1.76 for death from cancer in transfused patients (33). Academicians will never be convinced by retrospective studies that transfusion is anything other than a marker of stage of disease and extent of surgery. Since preoperative anemia often leads to blood transfusion and anemia is often a sign of advanced disease in cancer patients, transfusion would be expected to be associated with early disease recurrence because it is associated with anemia. Advanced malignancies necessitate extensive surgery, require more time and cause greater blood loss. Procedure, duration of surgery and blood loss are associated with transfusion and may account for transfusion's association with recurrence. Prognostic factors cannot be adequately controlled in retrospective studies. The significance of perioperative blood transfusion for patients with malignancies cannot be definitely proven without randomizing patients to receive blood or go untransfused. Given the." In Transfusion Immunology and Medicine, 297. CRC Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482273441-26.

"These studies indicate that surgery depresses immune function because both anesthetic agents and physical trauma cause circulating levels of all lymphocyte subsets to decline after surgery with general anesthesia causing a panlymphocytopenia. Lymphocyte function, independent of cell number, is inhibited whether measured in vitro by lymphocyte responses to mitogens, antigens or homologous lymphocytes or measured in vivo by loss of response to skin testing. Lymphocyte functional inhibition may be related to disproportionate declines in T cell subsets or related to the appearance of immunosuppressive serum factors which inhibit lymphocytes. Transfusion potentiates whatever mechanism is responsible for lymphocyte inhibition; surgery accompanied by transfusion is followed by more profound decreases in lymphocyte numbers and in lymphocyte functional activity than surgery without transfusion. It is difficult to extrapolate these observations to retrospective clinical studies linking transfusion to increases in risk of infection or recurrence of malignancy. The study by Jensen et al.(9) suggests that use of leukocyte-free blood will prevent transfusion-associated adverse clinical phenomena, but this study needs to be replicated. The data certainly favors avoiding the use of homologous blood. BLOOD TRANSFUSION AND INFECTION The hypothesis that transfusion causes immune suppression leading to infections is confounded by the observation that the magnitude of the injury directly correlates with the degree of immune suppression and the necessity for transfusion. Potential confounders must be considered in any study of infections following surgery: confounders in one clinical situation are not significant or non-existent in another. Each field of surgery has its own risk factors for infection which are often associated with transfusion as well as with infection. The contribution of transfusion to the risk of infection independent of variables reflecting tissue destruction and bacterial contamination can be calculated statistically using stepwise logistic regression (13). This type of analysis is commonly used in medical studies, ignoring the basic precept that the independent variables must be truly independent. The independent variables are not genuinely independent: the magnitude of the procedure, the duration of surgery, the blood loss and the tissue damage are all related to one another and all are related to the number of units of blood given as well as to the risk of infection. The analysis is useful as long as one is aware that all conclusions drawn are subject to limitations. This analysis has been applied to 23 populations of patients undergoing procedures ranging from bone marrow harvesting to coronary artery bypass graft. In 22 studies transfusion was a statistically significant risk factor for infection and in 17 of the 23 it was the most significant determinant of infectious complications in stepwise logistic regression. In 14 studies the p value for the relationship between transfusion and infection was 0.001 or less. Non-operative site infections are increased following blood transfusion, indicating that transfusion's association with infection is independent of the operative trauma (14-16). Several studies have demonstrated a dose-response relationship between transfusion and infection risk but the greatest increment in risk is noted between no transfusion and one unit of blood (14,16-19). Transfusion is a potent predictor of infection after controlling for variables reflecting tissue destruction and contamination." In Transfusion Immunology and Medicine, 295. CRC Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482273441-24.