Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Leucémie aiguë lymphoblastique B'
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Bayet, Manon. "Modélisation de la leucémie aiguë lymphoblastique B induite par la mutation PAX5 P80R." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Toulouse (2023-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024TLSES005.
Full textThe team is interested in alterations in transcription factors involved in acute leukemia, including PAX5, which is essential for B-cell development. This is why the PAX5-ELN transgenic mouse model was generated, which expresses the oncogenic fusion protein during B-cell development, and recapitulates the multi-step process of B-ALL (Jamrog L et al., PNAS, 2018). I was involved in identifying the cells at the origin of-B-ALL and characterizing their functional and molecular properties. Our work indicates that at pre-leukemic stage, PAX5-ELN induces the emergence of an aberrant population of B-progenitors with an abnormal self-renewal property. This population is enriched in quiescent cells resistant to chemotherapeutic agents, activating a molecular stem cell program and supporting long-term leukemic initiation. This work is the subject of a recent publication signed by myself as second author (Fregona V, Bayet M et al., J Exp Med, in press). In parallel, my thesis focused on modeling the initiation and leukemic transformation induced by the PAX5P80R mutation, a frequent initiating alteration in patients. I used fetal liver cells derived from Pax5-/- mouse embryos to select lymphoid progenitors not committed to the B lineage. After transduction with CTL, PAX5 Wt or PAX5P80R retroviruses, I showed that PAX5P80R does not restore efficiently definitive commitment of cells to the B lineage. Transplantation experiments have shown that PAX5P80R induces aberrant engraftment potential followed by the development of B-ALL. This leukemic transformation is associated with the selection of clones carrying additional mutations affecting the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. Our analyses identified Hif2 as a potential candidate for leukemogenesis. Finally, pharmalogical screening of Hif inhibitors revealed Acriflavine as an interesting compound targeting leukemic cells. Thus, the modeling of B-ALL by the PAX5P80R mutation provides the team with a new tool to mimic the multi-step process of B-ALL, and to decipher the biological mechanisms by which the mutation leads to tumor transformation. This work is the subject of a manuscript in preparation which I have signed as first author (Bayet M, Fregona V, et al., in preparation). The PAX5-ELN and PAX5P80R models not only make it possible to study the various stages of B leukemogeneis, but also serve as a basis for the development of small molecule screening on primary cells. I therefore set up a miniaturized and robust protocol by FACS to screen chemical compounds targeting pre-leukemic cells. Our multiparametric approach enables us to simultaneously assess the effect of compounds on pre-leukeic cells and normal B subpopulations. I screened a bank of 1040 synthetic and natural compounds (essential chemical library) reflecting the chemical diversity of the French national chemical library. This screening, combined with dose-response counter-screening, enabled me to identify 5 molecules of interest. Overall, my work demonstrates the feasibility of small-molecule screening on a population enriched in leukemia-initiating cells, taking into account the intrinsic complexity of primary B-cells. Finally, I edited and published a review in the journal Cancers outlining the concepts of tumor heterogeneity in patients' leukemic cells, the utility of transgenic mouse models to explore the leukemia initiating cell compartment, and current efforts to discover new targeted therapies (Fregona V*, Bayet M* et al, Cancers (Basel), 2021), wich I co-authored
Familiades, Julien. "Anomalies moléculaires du gène PAX5 dans les leucémies aiguës lymphoblastiques de la lignée B." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1269/.
Full textB cell lymphocytes are essential for humoral adaptive immunity. The expression of transcription factors drives the commitment of cells in B lineage. Among those factors, PAX5 fulfils a dual role by repressing B lineage ‘inappropriate’ genes and simultaneously activating B lineage–specific genes. PAX5 is expressed at similar levels throughout B cell development from the pro-B to the mature B cell stage and is subsequently repressed during terminal plasma cell differentiation. When Pax5–/– pro-B cells are stimulated with other lineageappropriate cytokines, they are able to differentiate into functional macrophages, granulocytes, dendritic cells, osteoclasts and natural killer cells. Transcription factors mutations are frequently detected in hematopoietic cancers. The PAX5 gene was the prevalent target of somatic mutation, being altered in 38. 9% of cases. We screened PAX5 mutations in a unique cohort of adult BCP-ALL treated according to the protocols of the GRAALL03 (Group of Research on Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia) and we reported that PAX5 is mutated in 34% of cases. Moreover, PAX5 complete loss and PAX5 point mutations differ. Indeed, PAX5 complete loss is significantly associated with BCR-ABL1 fusion gene and seems to be a secondary event consequence of genetic instability, whereas PAX5 point mutation might be the initial event in leukemogenesis. Using classic cytogenetic techniques and a newly developed molecular strategy, we investigated 9p abnormalities, focusing especially on the PAX5 locus, on 153 childhood and adult B-ALL include in the Groupe Francophone de Cytogénétique Hématologique (GFCH). Finally we undertook the functional characterization of PAX5 mutants using the ex vivo differentiation system described by Rolink and showed that the various kind of muations not have the same impact on the B cell pathogenesis
Clappier, Emmanuelle. "Génétique somatique et oncogenèse des leucémies aiguës lymphoblastiques T." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA077087.
Full textT-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia are malignancies derived from lymphoid thymic precursors arrested in their differentiation. Identification and characterization of somatic rearrangements/mutations of the genome is a major step for leukemogenesïs mechanisms understanding and identification of the critical biological pathways of tumoral cells. We performed a screen for genomic rearrangements in a series of adult and pediatric T-ALL cases annotated for immunophenotypic data and expression of known oncogenes (TAL1, TLX1, TLX3, LMO2. . . ). Two genome-wide approaches were used: i) FISH screening for TCR-mediated translocations and breakpoint doning using cirded-PCR to identify partner sequences, ii) genomic profiling using array-CGH in a search for cryptic deletions or duplications. We thus identified several new recurrent rearrangements of T-ALL and showed that they lead to dysregulated expression of genes critical for thymic differentation: HOXA, Cylin D2 and C-MYB gènes. These abnormalities were included in a general molecular portrait of T-ALL performed by lange-scale gene expression analysis. Importantly, new oncogenic subtypes were defined, including a HOXA-group including cases with TCRB-HOXA translocation and SET-NUP214 microdeletion, and a homogeneous subtype of T-cell leukemias in very young children with TCRB-MYB translocation
El, Chaar Tiama. "Nouveaux gènes suppresseurs de tumeurs dans les leucémies aiguës lymphoblastiques T." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA077088.
Full textT-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia are malignancies derived from lymphoid thymic precursors arrested in their differentiation. Identification and characterization of somatic rearrangements/mutations of the genome is a major step for leukemogenesis mechanisms understanding and identification of the critical biological pathways of tumoral cells. We used a whole set of integrative genomics and functional approaches and identified the role of the combined haploinsufflciency of two contiguous genes at 6ql4, namely SYNCRIP (encoding hnRNP-Q) and SNHG5 (a non-protein-coding gene that hosts snoRNAs), both involved in mRNA maturation and protein translation. These genes were specifically deleted in a subtype of T-ALLs characterized by aberrant expression of the TAL1 transcription factor oncogene. In vivo knockdown models using Tal1tg/Lmo1tg/Notch1-ICNtransduced mouse cells, and xenograft of patient's SIL-TAL leukemic cells, showed that the combined silencing of both genes was associated to a gain of malignancy. Our study provides genetic and functional evidence for a tumor suppressor role of a combined haploinsufflciency of two genes at chromosome 6ql4. In a parallel work, we identified a novel genetic aberrations involved in the development of T-ALL, that is the biallelic deletion of the PTPN2 gene at 18p11. We found focal homozygous deletion of this gene using microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization and large scale expression analysis of a cohort of T-ALL. These cases were restricted to the TLX1 subtype and frequently associated to the fusion gene NUP214-ABL1 Functional experiments performed in Jan Cools' team at Leuven University showed a hyperactivation of the JAK/STAT pathways in these cases, with possible therapeutic targeting
Drivet, Elsa. "Etude préclinique personnalisée d'une translocation rare T(1 ; 9)(Q24 ; Q34) "PH-LIKE" et perspectives d'optimisation des traitements contre les LAL-B de mauvais pronostic." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0664.
Full textThe t(1;9)(q24;q34) translocation, generating the RCSD1-ABL1 fusion protein, is found in bad prognosis LAL cases. The oncogenic properties of RCSD1-ABL1 are unknown and the structure of the RCSD1 portion as well as its impact on RCSD1-ABL1 activity and signaling is yet to be determined. We recently reported the case of a patient with ALL associated with a RCSD1-ABL1 rearrangement that was resistant or poorly responsive to a large number of TKIs but was sensitive to Ponatinib, with no mutation that could explain this.In order to characterize this fusion protein, understand its response profile to TKI and optimize therapeutic approaches for these patients, we cloned the RCSD1-ABL1 gene from the patient sample and expressed it in the cellular model BaF3. This allowed us to 1) Demonstrate and 2) Study for the first time the oncogenic properties and signaling of the fusion protein, which is partially distinct from that of BCR-ABL1, especially regarding the JAK/STAT pathway; 3) Purify RCSD1-ABL1 and reveal the impact of the RCSD1 N-terminal portion on the enzyme activity and its TKI sensitivity; 4) Integrate this data and demonstrate the potentiating effect of JAT/STAT pathway inhibitors on TIK activity in cells expressing RCSD1-ABL1 but not in cells expressing BCR-ABL1.Finally, the chemo-genomic profiling of samples from three B-ALL t(1;9)(q24 ;q34) allowed us to consolidate our results and to propose preclinical bases for personalized treatments targeting the identified mechanisms
Pelletier, Jeoffrey. "Régulation de la prolifération des leucémies aiguës lymphocytaires de type B (LAL-B) par le microenvironnement de la moëlle osseuse." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0693.
Full textIn adults, the first stages of hematopoietic development are implemented in the bone marrow (BM). The contribution in this process of specialized cells called stromal niches has been demonstrated in the case of the early development of B lymphocytes (LB). The expression of a functional heavy immunoglobulin (IgH) chain started at the Pro-B stage and its association with the surrogate light chain to form the Pre-BCR marks the entry into the Pre-B stage. Previously, the laboratory demonstrated that Pre-B relocates on contact with a niche made up of stromal cells characterized by the secretion of Galectin-1 (Gal-1), a ligand of pre-BCR. This interaction then allows the amplification of proliferation and differentiation signals dependent on the Pre-BCR, then the rearrangement of the genes coding for the light chain (IgL) at the stage of Immature LB. Acute lymphoblastic leukemias type B (B-ALL ) are the pathological equivalents of differentiating B lymphocytes in BM. In order to determine if the Gal-1 secreted by the specific niche of normal Pre-B cells could influence the survival or the proliferation of LAL-BIII which express Pre-BCR, we first used genetically controlled mouse models changed. To do this, we injected murine primary BIII- ALL (Pre-BCR +) into WT or Gal-1 mice - / - and found that BIII-ALL have a very limited development in the absence of Gal-1. These results show an interest in targeting the Gal-1 / Pre-BCR interaction or the Pre-BCR signaling in human pathology in order to improve the therapeutic management of BIII-ALL
Virely, Clémence. "Rôle des facteurs de transcription STATs et Ikaros dans les leucémies aiguës lymphoblastiques." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077164.
Full textTranscription factors STAT3, STAT5 and Ikaros are involved in normal hematopoiesis and expression of these factors is frequently deregulated in human leukemias. In the first part of my thesis, we have demonstrated that STAT5 expression is essential for the initiation of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) induced by TEL-JAK2 oncogene. Then, we have shown that TEL-JAK2 leukemia require necessarily STAT3 or STAT5 expression for their long-term maintenance. In a second part, we have demonstrated a functional interaction between the transcription factor STAT5 and Ikzfl a tumor suppressor gene in vitro. In vivo, we have shown a synergy between BCR-ABL oncogene and the loss of function of one allele of Ikzfl gene in STAT5 dependent B-ALL. Leukemic blasts deficient or not for Ikaros expression do not express dominant negative Ikaros isoforms. The loss of a single Ikzfl allele is suffïcient to cooperate with BCR-ABL in leukemogenesis. Analysis VH-to-DJH immunoglobulin heavy chain locus rearrangement showed that leukemic cells BCR-ABL⁺/⁰; Ik⁺/⁺ are monoclonal while fast arising leukemia are polyclonal. These observations suggest that loss of function of a single Ikzfl allele alleviates the requirement for the selection of additional oncogenic events that characterize disease progression in BCR-ABL-induced leukemogenesis. In line with this notion, CGH array analysis showed quantitative and qualitative reductions of chromosomal numerical abnormalities in Ikaros-deficient BCR-ABL tumors as compared to BCR-ABL⁺/⁰; Ik⁺/⁺ tumors. Global Transcriptomic analysis revealed that 293 probsets are deregulated between BCR-ABL⁺/⁰; Ik⁺/⁺ and BCR-ABL⁺/⁰; IkL/⁺ tumors
Gandemer, Virginie. "Utilisation des puces à adn pour l’étude fonctionnelle du génome dans les leucémies aiguës lymphoblastiques de la lignée B de l’enfant." Rennes 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007REN1S040.
Full textB-ALL is a common pediatric malignancy but leucemogenesis and prognostic biological mechanisms still remain uncertain. We explored critical pathways of TEL/AML1 B-ALL with gene expression profile approach. We highlighted 5 enriched Gene Ontology categories characterized by 14 genes, able to discriminate the TEL/AML1 sub-group. Over-expression of RUNX1 was proposed to become a additional surrogate marker of this subgroup. Cell motility was for the first time identified as a representative process of this subgroup and epigenetic regulation of the 2 underexpressed genes is underanalysis. We could not show patterns of expression in pediatric B-ALL lacking common cytogenetic abnormatities that correlated with the NCI risk factors (age and blood cell count). Our results suggest the refinement of existing classification and risk algorithms
Tanguy, Schmidt Aline. "Les leucémies aiguës lymphoblastiques en 2015 : contribution des facteurs de risque cytogénétiques et moléculaires à une thérapeutique adaptée." Thesis, Angers, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ANGE0041/document.
Full textAcute leukemias are a heterogeneous groups of malignant hematological diseases due to the clonaloncogenic transformation of hematopoietic stem cells(HSTs). We distinguish acute myeloblastic leukaemiafrom acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). ALLs are classified according to the type of lymphoid precursoraffected, its degree of maturity, and with associated cytogenetic abnormalities.Treatment incorporating induction therapy,consolidation, and intensification – delayedintensification or allogeneic stem cell transplantation(SCT) according to prognostic factors – enable 80 to 90% of complete remission (CR). Nevertheless, long-termoverall survival is only 40 to 50% because of relapseand treatment-related toxicity. Different prognosticgroups based on cytogenetic abnormalities andmolecular biology are emerging and patients from eachprognostic group can benefit from adapted therapies.In chromosome Philadelphia-positive ALL (Ph+ ALL) which used to be of particular bad prognosis, tyrosinekinase inhibitors (TKIs) enables 80% of CR but with ahigh-relapse risk. We demonstrated that high-dosetherapy followed by autologous SCT enables prolongedlong-term survival with less drug-related toxicity ascompared to allogeneic SCT in patients with undetectable minimal residual disease. By showing the implication of autotaxine in the resistance to TKIs inPh+ LAL, we enable the use of novel therapeutics inclinical practice.T-cell ALL is considered of poor prognosis as one thirdof patients relapse. In this group of patients we showedthat the absence of a Notch and/or a FBXW7 mutation or the presence of mutations in RAS or PTEN identified a subgroup of patients in whom the treatmentmust be intensified. Our research has contributed to the identification of prognostic groups in ALL and to theadjustment of treatment according to potential survival
Jamrog, Laura. "Impact des altérations génétiques de PAX5 sur le développement de la lignée lymphoïde B et dans la leucémogenèse des LAL-B." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 3, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021TOU30306.
Full textThe PAX5 (Paired boX 5) gene encodes a key transcription factor crucial for B-cell differentiation. We showed that the two PAX5 isoforms are differentially regulated but have equivalent function during early B-cell differentiation. Indeed, PAX5A and PAX5B isoforms can both induce B-cell program but may have functional differences after B-cell activation. The tight control of their expression may thus reflect a way to finely tune PAX5 dosage during B-cell differentiation process. PAX5 is a well-known haploinsufficient tumor suppressor gene in human B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL) and is the main target of a wide diversity of somatic alterations in childhood and adult BCP-ALL, occurring in one third of sporadic cases. However, the role of PAX5 fusion proteins in BCP-ALL initiation and transformation is ill-known. We previously reported a new recurrent t(7;9)(q11;p13) chromosomal translocation in human BCP-ALL that juxtaposed PAX5 to the coding sequence of elastin (ELN). To study the function of the resulting PAX5-ELN fusion protein in BCP-ALL development, we generated a mouse model in which the PAX5-ELN transgene is expressed specifically in B cells. PAX5-ELN-expressing mice efficiently developed BCP-ALL phenotype with a penetrance of 80%. Leukemic transformation was associated with clonal Immunoglobulin gene rearrangement and recurrent secondary mutations in Ptpn11, Kras, Pax5, and Jak3 genes affecting key signaling pathways required for cell proliferation. Our functional studies demonstrated that PAX5-ELN impairs B-cell development in vitro and in vivo and induces an aberrant expansion of the pro-B cell compartment at the preleukemic stage. Our molecular and computational approaches identified PAX5-ELN-regulated candidate genes that establish the molecular bases of the preleukemic state to drive BCP-ALL initiation. In conclusion, our study provides a new in vivo model recapitulating the multistep leukemogenesis process of human BCP-ALL and strongly implicates PAX5 fusion proteins as potent oncoproteins in leukemia development. Furthermore, there is increasing evidence for an inherited genetic basis of susceptibility to childhood BCP-ALL. In this context, four unrelated families with childhood BCP-ALL expressing heterozygous PAX5 germline point mutations were recently reported: the recurrent mutation PAX5 G183S affecting the octapeptide domain of PAX5 has been described in three families while PAX5 R38H affecting its DNA-binding paired domain has been identified in another one. We strengthen the hypothesis of inherited character of familial BCP-ALL with the description of three novel familial BCP-ALL cases in related patients that express the germline PAX5 R38H mutation. To uncover the intrinsic effect of PAX5 R38H mutant in B-cell development, we performed in vitro, and in vivo functional assays combined with a gene expression analysis, based on a retroviral complementation approach. Our results indicated that PAX5 R38H mutant acts as a strong hypomorphic variant that fails to drive B-cell differentiation and does not exert a dominant-negative effect on wild-type PAX5. Syngeneic transplantation of PAX5 R38H-expressing cells demonstrated maintenance of engraftment capacity and led to development of BCP-ALL phenotype in mice. Our transcriptomic analysis of these PAX5 R38H-expressing cells showed that PAX5 R38H drastically alters the pattern of expression of PAX5 target genes but also revealed a distinct molecular signature specific to PAX5 R38H. Together with previous unrelated family study, our observations allow to establish the recurrence of the germline PAX5 R38H mutation associated with BCP-ALL. Our data also highlight the importance of transcriptional dysregulation in leukemogenesis of familial BCP-ALL, particularly of genes involved in B-cell differentiation
Nicoletti, Simon. "Natural Killer Cells and Pre-B Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia : Evidence for an Unconventional Cytotoxicity Pathway." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS383.
Full textNatural Killer (NK) cells are innate lymphoid cells with anti-infectious and anti-tumoral activities. Among neoplasia, pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemias (pre-B ALL) represent the most common form of cancer in childhood and were shown to be resistant to NK cell mediated cytotoxicity although the mechanisms explaining this phenomenon are incompletely understood.In the present work, we investigated the relative immune resistance of pediatric pre-B ALL targets to activated NK cells. We developed a flow cytometry based cytotoxicity assay to assess the NK activity and the involvement of long term cytotoxic pathways. Although pre-B ALL blasts were strongly resistant at 4h, we found a considerable delayed NK killing at 25h.Further investigations revealed that cell contact was mandatory for efficient killing but also that neither the granule exocytosis nor the death receptor pathway were involved. Target cell death was caspase independent but mitochondria signaling amplified it. We then showed that NK cells from patients with X-linked chronic granulomatous disease could not kill efficiently ALL blasts and that NK cells expressed key components of a NADPH oxidase complex that was distinct from the phagocyte type. Our work reveals an uncharacterized effector pathway among cytotoxic lymphocytes and establishes key molecular requirements for this unconventional pathway
Balzano-Foucher, Marielle. "Influence du microenvironnement stromal de la moelle osseuse sur le développement des lymphocytes B normaux et pathologiques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4048.
Full textIn adults, the early stages of hematopoietic development take place in the bone marrow (BM). The contribution of specialized cells of mesenchymal origin, called stromal niches, has been demonstrated in the case of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) maintenance and B lymphocyte development. Indeed, the maintenance of HSC depends on perivascular niches secreting CXCL12 and SCF. Furthermore progenitor B cells (preproB) are in contact with CXCL12+ stromal cells and migrate towards interleukin 7 expressing stromal cells during their differentiation into proB cells. PreBCR expression then marks the entrance into the preB cell stage. At this point, the cells are in contact with galectin-1+ stromal cells.Although progress have been made in understanding the role of stromal cell niches, their heterogeneity and the mechanisms controlling migration and adhesion of differentiating hematopoietic cells are controversial and remain to be defined. With this objective, we characterized phenotypically BM stromal cells but also demonstrated the existence of a multi-specific niche, associated to sinusoids and able to support both HSC and early B cells.The contribution of BM niches in the development and resistance to treatment of B cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (B-ALL), pathological equivalent of developing B cells has also been demonstrated. During my PhD, our work revealed the influence of a factor expressed by BM stromal cells on the proliferation of B-ALL. Ultimately, this work will allow the development of treatments targeting the protective functions of tumor niches
Coyaud, Etienne. "Caractérisation des réarrangements de PAX5 dans les leucémies aiguës lymphoblastiques B." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1411/.
Full textPAX5 is an essential transcription factor of B-cell differentiation. It is altered in almost 40% of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (B-ALL). We have described its cytogenetic alterations in these diseases. Its allelic deletion is associated with BCR-ABL1 or E2A-PBX1. PAX5 deletion appears as a secondary event in B-ALL. We have shown that patients harbouring an intragenic PAX5 breakpoint display simple karyotypes. This result highlights that these events are initiating events in B-ALL. We have identified NcoR1, DACH2, GOLGA6 and TAOK1 as new PAX5 fusion partners. We have not identified common function or structure between all these partners, excepted that all the fusion genes conserve the DNA binding domain of PAX5. To evaluate the involvement of several mutants in leukemogenesis, we have tested their effect using a murine ex-vivo inducible B-cell differentiation system. Our work shows that these mutants are able to modify parameters such as differentiation, apoptosis and proliferation
Catherinet, Claire. "Etude des effecteurs de la voie Ca2+/Calmoduline dans les leucémies aiguës lymphoblastiques T." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC293/document.
Full textT cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive malignancy of T cell progenitors. Despite initial response to chemotherapy, relapses remain frequent in children and adults. Previous results identify sustained activation of Calcineurin (Cn)/NFAT signaling pathway in human T-ALL and murine T-ALL models. Importantly, they also demonstrated Cn is essential for T-ALL Leukemia Initiating Cells (LIC) activity in a murine model of T-ALL induced by an activated allele of NOTCH1 (ICN1). Since pharmacologic inhibition of Cn induces side effects, we aim to identify downstream effectors involved in T-ALL. NFAT (Nuclear Factor of Activated T cells) factors play crucial roles downstream Cn during development and activation of T cells. To address their role in T-ALL, we generated mouse ICN1-induced T-ALL in which NFAT genes can be inactivated either single or in combination following Cre-mediated gene deletion. We demonstrated that (i) NFAT factors are required downstream Cn for LIC activity in T-ALL in vivo (ii) ex vivo NFAT factors deletion alters survival, proliferation and migration of T-ALL (iii) NFAT1, 2 and 4 have a largely redundant function in T-ALL. Moreover, the NFAT-dependant transcriptome allowed to identify important targets (CDKN1A, MAFB) involved in T-ALL survival and proliferation in vitro. Calmodulin-dependant kinases (CaMK) are kinases activated by calcium signaling in T cells. We showed that pharmacologic inhibition of CaMKs in ICN1-induced T-ALL alters survival and proliferation of T-ALL in vitro. Beside, specific inhibition by RNA interference of CaMKIIg and CaMKIId suggests a putative role of these kinases in T-ALL maintenance
Hornych, Joséphine. "Une technique d'amplification de la région CDR3 des gènes des chaînes lourdes des immunoglobulines appliquée à l'étude de la maladie résiduelle dans les leucémies aiguës lymphoblastiques, étude sur 10 cas." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR23080.
Full textDonadieu, Jean. "Evaluation des études pronostiques dans la leucémie aiguë lymphoblastique de l'enfant." Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA11T009.
Full textSu, Xinying. "Etude structurelle des translocations t(5;14)(q35;q32) des leucémies aiguës lymphoblastiques de type T." Paris 7, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA077122.
Full textEspaña, Alexandre. "Caractérisation des enhancers dérégulés dans la leucémie aiguë lymphoblastique de type T." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0481.
Full textSeveral genetic abnormalities in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) affect transcription factors or epigenetic regulators and mainly block the differentiation of T cells, thus delimiting subgroups of AL-T with specific genetic expression profiles. The regulation of the expression of cell-type-specific genes requires the interaction of different types of cis-regulatory elements (promoters, enhancers, isolators, inactivators. Given the well-recognized role of epigenetic deregulation in leukemogenesis, it is likely that a significant fraction of oncogenic enhancers remains to be discovered and functionally evaluated, and this was the subject of my thesis work. We identified potential enhancers in subpopulations of healthy thymus cells and tumor cells of LAL-T patients and thus determined 17,406 potential enhancers deregulated in T-ALL. Enhancers close to a list of genes known to be altered in LAL-T and enhancers whose presence is correlated with the overexpression of close oncogenes (NKX3-1, NKX3-2, TAL1, MYC, LMO2, or JDP2) are among them. We have also identified a new enhancer of TAL1 that appeared following a monoallelic somatic mutation incorporating a MYB site. Additionally, two high-throughput screening strategies (CapSTARR-seq and CRISPRi) have been implemented to evaluate the activity and function of potential enhancers, as well as validate the oncogenic relevance of the NKX3-2 enhancer and the HHEX gene through a CRISPR/Cas9 approach
Aspirot-Buron, Virginie, and Virginie Aspirot-Buron. "Évaluation des capacités cardiorespiratoires et physiques d'enfants en traitement de chimiothérapie pour une leucémie lymphoblastique aiguë." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37636.
Full textLa leucémie est un cancer qui touche les cellules souches du sang. Il existe plusieurs types de leucémies, toutefois nous nous sommes intéressés à la leucémie lymphoblastique aiguë (LLA) pédiatrique. L’anomalie se trouve au niveau des cellules souches lymphoïdes, et se développe de manière soudaine, en quelques jours ou quelques semaines. De nombreuses conséquences néfastes sont connues au niveau cardiorespiratoire, musculaire, de l'énergie et de l’activité physique d’enfants en fin de chimiothérapie. L’objectif premier de l’étude était de mesurer les capacités cardiorespiratoires et musculaires réelles d’enfants atteints d’une LLA à trois temps de la chimiothérapie : l’induction (T1), la consolidation 2 (T2) et l’entretien (T3). Un deuxième objectif était de tester la faisabilité d’une épreuve d’effort maximal cardiorespiratoire pendant ou après l’induction. Le protocole de l’étude comprenait une épreuve d’effort physique sur ergocycle pour évaluer la consommation maximale d’oxygène (V ̇ O2max) un questionnaire sur la qualité de vie et un sur l’activité physique. La force musculaire était évaluée par un audit des dossiers (N=16) de physiothérapie d’anciens patients et des participants à l’étude. Une patiente a complété le test V ̇ O2max aux T1 et T2, et s’est améliorée de 54,5% entre les deux tests, mais restait nettement sous les valeurs normales. Pour l’ensemble des données de force musculaire : force de préhension, moment de force des extenseurs du genou et des fléchisseurs dorsaux de la cheville, les valeurs étaient inférieures à celles d’enfants sains, et avaient diminuées entre l’induction et la consolidation 2. Les résultats de ce mémoire démontrent que certains enfants atteints d’une LLA présentent un déconditionnement cardiorespiratoire et musculaire dès l’induction. Elles démontrent également la faisabilité d’un exercice cardiorespiratoire soutenu après la phase d’induction. Ces données importantes serviront aux professionnels de la santé dans la mise en place d’interventions en activité physique adaptée aux capacités d’enfants atteints d’une LLA.
Leukemia is a blood cancer and can be expressed in many forms, but the main focus of this thesis will be on acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in the pediatric population. The anomaly develops in the lymphoid stem cells and the disease develops rapidly, within a few days to a few weeks. Leukemia and chemotherapy have been shown to have many deleterious on the children cardiorespiratory and muscular status, energy level and engagement in physical activity mainly reported for children in the last phase of chemotherapy. The first aim of our work was to collect data on their cardiorespiratory and muscular status during three phases of the chemotherapy: induction (T1), consolidation 2 (T2) and maintenance (T3). The second aim was to test the feasibility of maximal oxygen consumption test ((V ̇ O2max) during or post induction. The protocol comprised a (V ̇ O2max) test on ergocycle, a quality of life and physical activity questionnaires. Data on muscular strength was collected through auditing the physical therapy files (n=16) of past and current patients. One participant completed the T1 and T2 (V ̇ O2max) testing and showed a 54.5% increase from T1 to T2. Despite this improvement, her score at T2 was still poor compared to her expected value. Data collected on muscular strength were: grip strength, moments of force of the knee extensors and the ankle dorsiflexors. They all showed lower values than expected compared to normative value at T1 and a decline from T1 to T2. The results outlined in this thesis show that children with ALL may present with decreased cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness with an onset as early as induction chemotherapy. Nonetheless, the results showed that high intensity cardiorespiratory exercise was feasible post induction. The data are of importance as they will help health care professionals build physical activity interventions adapted to the physical capacities of children with ALL.
Leukemia is a blood cancer and can be expressed in many forms, but the main focus of this thesis will be on acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in the pediatric population. The anomaly develops in the lymphoid stem cells and the disease develops rapidly, within a few days to a few weeks. Leukemia and chemotherapy have been shown to have many deleterious on the children cardiorespiratory and muscular status, energy level and engagement in physical activity mainly reported for children in the last phase of chemotherapy. The first aim of our work was to collect data on their cardiorespiratory and muscular status during three phases of the chemotherapy: induction (T1), consolidation 2 (T2) and maintenance (T3). The second aim was to test the feasibility of maximal oxygen consumption test ((V ̇ O2max) during or post induction. The protocol comprised a (V ̇ O2max) test on ergocycle, a quality of life and physical activity questionnaires. Data on muscular strength was collected through auditing the physical therapy files (n=16) of past and current patients. One participant completed the T1 and T2 (V ̇ O2max) testing and showed a 54.5% increase from T1 to T2. Despite this improvement, her score at T2 was still poor compared to her expected value. Data collected on muscular strength were: grip strength, moments of force of the knee extensors and the ankle dorsiflexors. They all showed lower values than expected compared to normative value at T1 and a decline from T1 to T2. The results outlined in this thesis show that children with ALL may present with decreased cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness with an onset as early as induction chemotherapy. Nonetheless, the results showed that high intensity cardiorespiratory exercise was feasible post induction. The data are of importance as they will help health care professionals build physical activity interventions adapted to the physical capacities of children with ALL.
Charrad, Rachida-Sihem. "Différenciation des blastes de patients atteints de leucémie aiguë myéloblastique par la molécule d'adhérence CD44." Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA11T010.
Full textVallée, Audrey. "Études transcriptionnelle et fonctionnelle du gène CD9 dans les leucémies aigües lymphoblastiques de la lignée cellulaire B chez les enfants à remaniement TEL/AML1." Rennes 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REN1S047.
Full textThe translocation (12;21) resulting in a TEL/AML1 fusion transcript is the most common chromosomal rearrangement occurring in childhood B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). However the molecular basis underlying leukemogenesis and late relapse remain poorly understood. In a transcriptomic profiling study characterizing TEL/AML1-positive B-ALL, we previously identified 14 genes linked related to five biological processes. CD9, which belongs to the mobility pathway, was one of the genes identified. While it is an important marker of cancer progression in solid tumours, the role of CD9 has never been investigated in B-ALL. First, our analysis of CD9 transcriptional regulation suggests that in TEL/AML1 positive patients, the downregulation of CD9 could be due to a miRNA regulation. This result has to be confirmed by a functional analysis of the identified miARN. We then performed a functional analysis of the CD9 protein and our data show, using blasts derived from B-ALL patients and cell lines, that CD9 has a negative impact on cell adhesion and that it plays a major role in the CXCL12 induced migration pathway. We also show for the first time using confocal imaging, that there is a close relationship between CD9, actin and CXCR4 in the formation of long actin extensions induced by the CXCL12 signal. We conclude that CD9 may be an important player in the actin rearrangement in response to CXCL12 for ALL cells. These results raise the possibility that CD9 confers particular motility properties to blasts of ALL, which has important implications for the clinical outcome of TEL/AML1-positive patients
Nugues, Anne-Lucie. "Altération du ripoptosome dans la leucémie aiguë myéloïde." Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01018661.
Full textNaci, Dalila. "Implication de l'intégrine alpha2beta1 liant le collagène dans la survie et la chimiorésistance des leucémies aiguës." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25458.
Full textThe role of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the tumor microenvironment in the chemoresistance of T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is not yet established. Through our results, we demonstrate that collagen, but not fibronectin, induces the resistance of T-ALL cells against apoptosis induced by chemotherapy. The anti-apoptotic effect of collagen is mediated by α2β1 integrin and is dependent on the activation of the MAPK/ERK pro-survival pathway but not of the PI3K/AKT pathway. Collagen induced MAPK/ERK pathway is required for the inhibition of the mitochondrial apoptosis induced by doxorubicin through the maintenance of the stability of the anti-apoptotic protein Mcl-1 and the up-regulation of doxorubicin efflux by the drug transporter ABCC1. Mcl-1 stabilization by collagen is du to the inhibition of Rac1/JNK pro-apoptotic pathway induced by doxorubicin. In addition to its role in chemoresistance, α2β1 integrin ligation allows the survival of T-ALL cells in the absence of growth factors via ERK/Mcl-1 pathway. In conclusion, our data indicate that α2β1 integrin may constitute an important pathway favoring T-ALL leukemia chemoresistance and progression.
Asnafi, Vahid. "Lal-t : modèle d'étude de l'ontogénie et de l'oncogenèse lymphoïdes T chez l'homme." Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA077195.
Full textFlandrin-Gresta, Pascale. "La protéine HSP90 : expression et ciblage dans les hémopathies malignes." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10226.
Full textHeat shock proteins (HSP) are molecular chaperones that stabilize the folding and conformation of normal and oncogenic proteins, preventing the formation of protein aggregates. They are involved in the regulation of apoptosis, cell survival and carcinogenesis. HSP90 is the major chaperone implicated in stabilization of oncogenes involved in hematologic malignancies. The aim of our study was to determine the involvement of HSP90 in various types of malignancies, Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) and Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) and to test its inhibition by a specific inhibitor, the tanespimycine (17-AAG). In acute myeloid leukemia, we evaluated the involvement of different isoforms of the protein in resistance to chemotherapy and inhibitors of HSP90. This work highlights the pejorative value of HSP90 expression in different subtypes of malignancies, correlated with a high risk of relapse or progression to more aggressive forms. Use of tanespimycine has triggered apoptosis in immature cells involved in these diseases. HSP90 is therefore a major protein of the leukemic cell and its targeting offers interesting perspectives in the treatment of hematologic malignancies
Carlier, Marie-Christine. "Étude du suivi sérologique des virus des hépatites A et B chez les enfants leucémiques traités par les protocoles EORTC n°58831 et n°58832." Lyon 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO1T051.
Full textPandrau, Dominique. "Étude de la prolifération et de la différenciation in vitro des précurseurs leucémiques lymphoïdes B de l'enfant." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO1T056.
Full textTouzart, Aurore. "Leucémies aigüs lymphoblastiques T (LAL-T) et dérégulation épigénétique Site- and allele-specific polycomb dysregulation in T-cell leukaemia Epigenetic silencing affects L-asparaginase sensitivity and predicts outcome in T-ALL Low level CpG island promoter methylation predicts a poor outcome in adult T-ALL." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCB221.
Full textT-ALLs are rare lymphoid neoplasms characterized by the proliferation of immature T precursors arrested at specific stages of maturation. While the genetic abnormalities involved in T-ALL leukemogenesis are becoming better known, alterations in epigenetic regulation, a very important component of the cellular homeostasis, are much less studied. My work was to tsudy the epigenetic deregulation in T-ALL through 3 main projects. In the first project, we identified an original mechanism of TAL1 oncogene deregulation. TAL1 is one of the most frequently deregulated oncogenes in T-ALL. This deregulation results mainly from translocations with the TCRδ locus or micro-deletions SIL-TAL1, two chromosomal abnormalities altering cis-regulatory elements leading to monoallelic TAL1 expression. But in a significant proportion of cases (about 50%) of TAL1+ T-ALL, an aberrant expression of TAL1 is observed without recognized mechanism suggesting unknown genetic or epigenetic mechanisms. We discovered a new somatic alteration consisting of a focal and recurrent microinsertion 7 kbp upstream of TAL1, in a non-coding intergenic region, responsible for the creation of an oncogenic "neo-enhancer" accompanied by a modification of epigenetic histone marks i.e. a “switch” from H3H27me3 repressive marks to H3K27ac activating marks. These microinsertions are a recurrent event in T-ALL and have been found in 20% of “unresolved” TAL1+ T-ALL. Through the second project, I tried to better understand the biological bases for discrepancies in patients related response to treatment. Indeed, considering two close oncogenic groups, the prognosis of TLX1+ patients, already rather favourable in the LALA-94 protocol, has not been significantly improved in the paediatric-inspired GRAALL2003-2005 trial , whereas TLX3+ patients seem to have benefited particularly from the latter; the two protocols differing mainly by L-asparaginase doses. We showed that TLX1+ patients expressed less ASNS (Asparagine synthetase) than TLX3+ and TLX- patients and that this lower expression resulted from ASNS epigenetic silencing, both by methylation of the promoter and reduction of active histone marks. A low level of ASNS methylation is also associated with lower in vitro sensitivity to L-asparaginase. Finally, ASNS methylation is an independent prognostic factor for patients included in the 2003-2005 GRAALL trial suggesting that the ASNS methylation status may be relevant for the adaptation of L-asparaginase doses. In the third project, I was interested in the global DNA methylation. MeDIP-array methylation data of a series of 24 T-ALLs allowed us to identify differential methylation signatures. We then studied the methylation status in a large series of adult T-ALL by MS-MLPA using a predictor containing 9 gene promoters. We observed that main driver oncogenes dictated methylation status. TLX1+ and TLX3+ T-ALLs displayed a hypermethylated profile and conversely, SIL-TAL1+ cases were associated with a hypomethylated profile. This methylation status is also an independent prognostic factor and hypomethylated patients have a significantly unfavorable prognosis compared to hypomethylated patients. Together, these results illustrate how disruptions in epigenetic regulation can be involved both in the T-ALL oncogenesis and in the response to treatment
Guillaume, Nicolas. "Implications des facteurs de transcription et des voies de signalisation cellulaire dans les leucémies aigües lymphoblastiques B : mise en évidence de l'expression et de l'activation de ZAP-70." Amiens, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AMIED009.
Full textDella, Marina Filippo. "Dissection of the function and pre-clinical targeting of IGF1R in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia induced by the BCR-ABL fusion oncoprotein." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC309.
Full textIn recent years several inhibitors have been developed targeting the tyrosine kinase activity of the BCR-ABL fusion oncoprotein in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML). Unlike the favorable clinical response observed in CML cases, BCR¬ABL` B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemias (B-ALLs) remain of poor prognosis. The likely reason for this aggressive behavior is the presence in these leukemias of additional genetic alterations. The most frequent of these is the mono-or bi-allelic deletion of the gene encoding the Ikaros transcription factor (IKZF1), observed in over 83% of patients. Our laboratory has studied the functional consequences of IKZF1 haploinsufficiency in a BCR-ABL-induced B-ALL mouse model and identified an Ikaros-dependent transcriptomic signature in these leukemic cells. This signature includes the overexpression of IGF1R, a tyrosine kinase receptor for IGF1. Based on these premises my PhD thesis work shows (i) that pharmacological inhibition of IGF1R sensitizes Ikaros-deficient BCR-ABL+ B-ALL to the antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of Nilotinib, (ii) that IGF1R gene deletion impairs in vivo expansion of these leukemias in vivo, (iii) that treatment of leukemic mice with NVP-AEW541 (an IGF1R inhibitor) in combination with Nilotinib significantly increases survival of treated mice as compared to control mice, (iv) that the increased survival of treated mice is accompanied by an increase in apoptosis and a decrease in the proliferation of leukemic cells and (v) that inhibition of the AKT/mTORC1/S6K signalling pathway is a point of convergence of these inhibitor combination
Malti, Talby Leïla [Faiza]. "Etude de leucémies aigue͏̈s lymphoblastiques de type B de l'enfant par la technique de puces ADN : identification de gènes prédictifs de la chimiosensibilité des cellules leucémiques au diagnostic." Aix-Marseille 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX22007.
Full textBernard, Natacha. "Mise au point d'un modèle de leucémie aigue͏̈ lymphoblastique de type B, chimiquement induite chez le rat pour l'étude d'agents leucémogènes : application aux champs magnétiques de 50 Hz." Paris 5, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA05P638.
Full textB acute lymphoblastic leukemia is the most common type of leukemia among children. However the causes of this disaese are not totally understood. At this time, no induced model of this type of leukemia exists. We therefore, decided to settle an induced model of B acute lymphoblastic leukemia in rats. The induction was obtained using butylnitrosourea, a nitrosourea compound reported as a leukemogenic agent. We characterized the leukemia obtained in our experiment. 65% of the rats developped B acute lymphoblastic leukemia. In a second time, using this model (320 rats), we tested, the effect of 50Hz magnetic fields (MFs), with or without harmonics of 150, 250 and 350Hz. Indeed, MFs are suspected to have an effect on children leukemia development. No effect of MF exposure, with or without harmonics, was detected, neither on survival, nor on the incidence of total leukemia, nor on the type of leukemia obtained
Ben, Abdelali Raouf. "Détection des anomalies génétiques dans les LAL-T : de la biologie à la clinique." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA11T013.
Full textT-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) are lymphoid neoplasms characterized by theproliferation of malignant T lymphoblasts arrested at early stages of maturation. Maturation arrest in TALLmirrors normal lymphopoiesis. Thus we have shown that the myeloid transcription factor CEBPA,expressed only in the most immature thymic precursors (ETP), is commonly repressed byhypermethylation in T-ALL with the exception of the most immature subset. It is now widely acceptedthat T-ALL is a “multi-hits” disease where the type A oncogenes affect the differentiation while type Boncogenes are involved in cell cycle regulation, self-renewal and T-cell commitment. The Notchsignaling pathway, crucial for T cell development, is constitutively activated by the occurrence ofmutations in NOTCH1 and /or FBXW7 (N / F) genes in approximately 60% of T-ALL. The prognosticvalue of these mutations is controversial. In our study, we showed that N/F mutations are morefrequently observed in T-ALL arrested at a cortical stage of maturation and confer a good prognosiswhich seems to be influenced by the therapeutic regimen. In this large cohort of T-ALL we could alsodetermine the frequency of the CALM-AF10 oncogenic abnormality. The latter is very common in TALLdeveloped from ETP wich are of very poor prognosis. We have shown that this is the presence ofCALM-AF10 which confers the poor prognosis in this subtype of T-ALL. Contrary to the litterature wedid not find any prognostic value associated with the overexpression of ERG and BAALC genes. Thestudy of genetic abnormalities in T-ALL provides a better understanding of oncogenesis and identifyabnormalities with prognostic value. The interest of this work is to assist clinicians for an efficienttherapeutic stratification to overcome the poor outcome of T-ALL patients
Renou, Laurent. "Etude des relations entre le facteur de transcription HOX11L2/TLX3 et les micro-ARNs dans le développement des leucémies aiguës lymphoblastiques T humaines." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC311.
Full textT cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) result from the accumulation of genetic lesions leading to aberra proliferation and developmental arrest of T-cell progenitors. Deregulation of expression of microRNAs (miRs) has be( linked to the initiation and progression of human malignancies. The results of a miRnome analysis on a panel of T-AL allowed us to identify a cluster of miRs (125b/99a/100) significantly overexpressed in a group of leukemia characteriz( by inappropriate expression of transcription factor TLX3. We challenged on this to study the functional relationshi] between TLX3, the miRs and their contributions in the development of T-ALL. By the experience of loss and gain function , we highlight: 1) a correlation between TLX3 and miR-125b expression; (2) a similar role of TLX3 and mil 125b in the differentiation blockage of notmal T-cells progenitors that phenocopies the differentiation arrest observed TLX3+ T-ALL patients ; (3) a T-cell growth promotion by both TLX3 and miR-125b. Using ChIP-seq approach, also found TLX3 binding sites in the locus coding a long non-coding RNA LINC00478 that probably functions as pi miR for miR-99a/Let-7c/125b-2 cluster. Transcriptional activation of miR-125b contribute to the differentiation arrest I the downregulation of putative targets: ETS1 and CBFf3 which play an important role in the regulation of TC rearrangements. Our results reveal for the first time new functional link between the TLX3 oncogene, miRl25b and ' ALL development
Gaudichon, Jérémie. "Effets de l’hypoxie sur la régulation de l’expression et la fonction de la tétraspanine CD9 dans les leucémies aiguës lymphoblastiques de l’enfant." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1B026.
Full textAcute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are the most frequent cancer in children and derive most often from B-cell precursors. Huge therapeutic improvements have allowed to reach high survival rates near 90% at 10 years from diagnosis. However, 15-20% of children still relapse with a significant risk of death. Relapses can occur in bone marrow and/or extramedullary sites such as testis or central nervous system, usually referred as “sanctuary sites”. Our previous work showed that the transmembrane protein CD9 plays a major role in lymphoblasts migration into these sites, especially in testis, through the activation of RAC1 signaling upon blasts stimulation with C-X-C chemokine ligand 12 (CXCl12). Here, we addressed the question of putative common factors shared by bone marrow and extramedullary niches which could upregulate CD9 expression and function. Consequently, we found that low oxygen levels could actually enhance CD9 expression both at mRNA and protein levels. We further determined that Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1a (HIF1a), the master transcription factor involved in hypoxia response, binds directly CD9 promoter to induce its transcription. We also showed that CD9 protein is crucial for leukemic cell adhesion and migration at low oxygen levels, possibly through its action on RAC1 signaling. Mouse xenograft experiments indicate that HIF1a signaling pathway favors ALL cells dissemination, which may involve CD9 as well. The present work increments our understanding of CD9 implication in ALL pathogenesis
Avran, David. "Oncogenèse et modélisation des leucémies aigues lymphoblastiques T." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077254.
Full textT-celé acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) are malignancies derived from lymphoid thymic precursors arrested in their differentiation. We focused on the deletion of the long arm of chromosome 6 (del6q), the most common caryotypic abnormality in T-ALL, which target(s) are, to date, not known. By using both a whole set of integrative genomics and functional approaches, we identified the role of the combined haploinsufficiency of two contiguous genes at 6q14 (by mimicking in vivo an interstitial microdeletion we identified), namely SYNCRIP (encoding hnRNP-Q) and SNHG5 (a non-protein-coding gene that hosts snoRNAs), involved in mRNA maturation and protein translation. These genes are included in the common deleted region in a subtype of T-ALLs characterized by aberrant expression of the TAL1 transcription factor oncogene. In vivo knockdown models using Talr9/Lmolt9/Notch1-ICNtransduced mouse cells, and xenograft of patient's SIL-TAL, not 6q deleted leukemic cells, showed that the combined silencing of both genes was associated to a gain of malignancy. In a parallel work, we identified in T-ALL, recurrent aberrations of a gene usually involved in myeloid malignancies, TET2. Using microarray-based CGH to screen a cohort of T-ALL, we found a focal heterozygous deletion of this gene in one case belonging to the TAL-related oncogenic sub¬group. Moreover, we found mutations in cases belonging to other oncogenic sub-groups. This genetic study reveals that TET2 can play a role in T leukemogenesis, highlighting the ubiquitous nature of epigenetic alterations linked to TET2
Hajingabo, Leon. "Analyzing molecular network perturbations in human cancer: application to mutated genes and gene fusions involved in acute lymphoblastic leukemia." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209126.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Marceau, Alice. "Profil moléculaire des leucémies aiguës myéloïdes pédiatriques." Thesis, Lille 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL2S003/document.
Full textDespite major treatment improvements over the past decades, pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is still a life-threatening malignancy with relapse rates up to 30% and survival rates below 75%. A better description of the pattern of molecular aberrations in childhood AML is needed to refine prognostication in such patients. We report here the comprehensive molecular landscape using both high-throughput sequencing focused on 36 genes and ligation-dependent RT-PCR in 385 children with de novo AML enrolled in the prospective ELAM02 trial and we evaluated their prognostic significance. 76% of patients had at least one mutation among the genes we screened. The most common class of mutations involved genes that control kinase signaling (61%) followed by transcription factors (16%), tumor suppressors (14%), chromatin modifiers (9%), DNA methylation controllers (8%), cohesin genes (5%) and spliceosome (3%). Moreover, a recurrent transcript fusion was detected in about a half of pediatric patients. Overall, CBF rearrangements, NPM1 and double CEBPA mutations represented 37% of the cohort and defined a favorable molecular subgroup (3-years overall survival: 92.1%) while NUP98 fusions, WT1, RUNX1 and PHF6 mutations (15% of the cohort) segregated into a poor molecular subgroup (3-years overall survival: 46.1%). KMT2A-rearrangements (21% of the cohort) were associated with an intermediate risk. Despite some overlaps, the spectrum of molecular aberrations and their prognostic significance differ between childhood and adult AML. These data have important implications to contribute in refining risk stratification of pediatric AML and show the need for further validations in independent pediatric cohorts
Koubi, Myriam. "PLZF et les protéines du groupe Polycomb : interaction et implication dans la différenciation hématopoïétique normale et pathologique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM5066/document.
Full textPolycomb group (PcG) proteins are epigenetic factors which play a major role in maintaining epigenetic silencing via histone modifications at the chromatin level. EZH2 is a key regulator that catalyzes the trimethylation of H3K27, which is a repressive mark. During my PhD, I was interested in the acute myeloid leukemia (AML) model in which, unlike other myeloid malignancies, EZH2 or other PcG protein mutations are very rare (˂1%). Studies have shown that in this type of leukemia, many of EZH2 target genes are deregulated although its repressive activity is still present highlighting possible EZH2 recruitment defects. Among the transcription factors that regulate the association of PcG proteins to chromatin, the transcription factor PLZF is an interesting candidate. Indeed, the laboratory has demonstrated an interaction between PLZF and the Polycomb protein BMI -1 and showed that the genomic distribution of PLZF is consistent with that of some Polycomb components. The aim of my thesis was therefore to determine in which extent PLZF is involved in the recruitment or activity of EZH2
Vilasco, Myriam. "Rôles de la kinase IKKE lors de l'infection par le virus de l'Hépatite C et dans la réponse immune dépendante de RIG-MAVS." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA077088.
Full textAn estimated 3% of the world population is infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). In most infected individuals, this virus evades the immune System, as the Interferon (IFN) response, and establishes a chronic infection that can lead to cirrhosis, liver cancer and death. Our studies focus on the IFN mediated antiviral response and more specifically on the IRF-3/-7 phosphorylating kinase IKKx, a key actor of the IFN induction. We first demonstrate its participation in circumventing the HCV interference with the production of IFN, by its ability to induce specific antiviral response trough a panel of genes, that leads to an effective antiviral response against HCV. Furthermore, we confirm its physiological importance in HCV-infected patients. We also demonstrate that IKKe recruitment following viral infection is regulated through polyubiquitination of MAVS, a mitochondrial adapter that relays the signal initiated by RIG-I's dsRNA detection. This ubiquitination of MAVS favors expression of IRF-3/-7 regulated genes but diminishes the expression of IKKe-specific genes through STAT-1, demonstrating that the interaction between MAVS and IKKe acts as a molecular switch to regulate kinase target specificity
Moraes, Cabe Carolina. "Rôle et fonction du facteur de transcription Ets-1 dans le développement précoce des lymphocytes B." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC030.
Full textB-cell development is driven through combined actions of transcription factors, soluble factors and cellular interactions, which regulate the commitment and differentiation of B tells. Signaling through IL-7R and pre-BCR regulates the transcription of genes involved in proliferation and survival of early B tells, while it coordinates the expression and rearrangement of Ig genes. One of the transcription factors involved on B tell development is Etsl, which is a member of the ETS family of transcription factors and it is highly expressed in the lymphoid lineages where it controls the differentiation of B, T and NK tells. Its inactivation impairs B tell development, particularly during the differentiation of pro-B into pre-B tells. Deregulation of the process of B tells development causes leukemia. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a clonai proliferation that develop from a lymphoid tell blocked at an early stage of differentiation. This can be due to diverse genetic alterations, among them the t(9,22) translocation induces the expression of an oncogenic fusion protein, called BCR-ABL1, which is associated with poor prognosis. BCR-ABL1 activates constitutively STAT5 and thus likely contributes to leukemogenesis by signaling via the JAK/STAT pathway. The aim of this thesis is to study the role and function of Ets I transcription factor in early B tell development. These findings demonstrate a nove] function for the Etsl transcription factor in the regulation of STAT5 activity during early B-tell development and in the control of the transcription program downstream BCR-ABL1 during the initial steps of leukemogenesis in pre-B tells
Kaveri, Deepika. "Study of the role of Wnt pathway in a murine model of T-ALL." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00912330.
Full textPégahi, Rassa. "Production des métalloprotéinases par les cellules souches hématopoïétiques saines et leucémiques : Rôle du micro-environnement cellulaire." Rouen, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ROUES051.
Full textThe metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a key role in the migration of haematopoietic stem cells. The production of these enzymes is regulated by different components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). In this study, we have shown that in normal CD34+ cells hyaluronic acid (HA) as well as SDF-1, induces MMPs secretion. This stimulatory effect is associated with an increase of cytosolic calcium. In contrast to HA induced-effect, SDF-1-induced MMPs secretion appears to be dose-dependent. We have also shown that CD34+ cells express syndecan-4, a selective membrane receptor of SDF-1. Besides, we have studied the secretory activity of pre-B acute lymphoblastic (ALL) cells derived from bone marrow (BM) or peripheral blood (PB) of leukaemic children. The MMPs secretion has been evaluated at basal and stimulated (by SDF-1, GM-CSF, b-FGF and VEGF) levels. A large heterogeneity has been observed among the studied patients. VEGF and b-FGF are found to be able to provoke predominantly MMP-2 secretion while GM-CSF mainly induces MMP-9 production, more particularly in SP cells. The molecular mechanisms involved in these responses have been investigated by using specific inhibitors of NFB, MEK1 and PI3K pathways. The expression of MMP-9 has appeared to be mediated through MEK1/PI3K pathways. It has been shown that all stimulatory effects observed in the present work are calcium-dependent. In addition, b-FGF favours the leukaemia proliferation by strengthening cell survival. Thereafter, we have investigated whether the pre-ALL cells themselves could produce through an autocrine loop these stimulating cytokines. The presence of mRNA of VEGF in pre-B ALL cells has been detected in most of studied patients, while the presence of mRNA of VEGF-R1 has been observed in all patients. Altogether, the present findings strongly suggest that different ECM components studied in this work (HA, SDF-1, GM-CSF, b-FGF and VEGF) would play a crucial role in the migration of leukaemic and normal haematopoietic stem cells by regulating the MMPs secretion. These data constitute a basis to consider new strategies of therapies
Simand, Célestine. "Fonction d’Ikaros dans la transformation des progéniteurs des cellules B1." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAJ097.
Full textMurine B cell development comprises 2 main B cell lineages, B1 and B2, with distinct progenitors, functions and localization. The transcription factor Ikaros, encoded by the Ikzf1 gene, is a major regulator of lymphopoiesis and plays a crucial role in B2 cell differentiation. However, the role of Ikaros in B1 cell differentiation is unclear. Genetic alterations of IKZF1 are a hallmark of high-risk B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL). Considering that lymphopoiesis takes place in distinct fetal and adult waves, with B1 cell lymphopoiesis predominating in fetuses and neonates and B2 cell progenitors predominating in adults, some pediatric BCP-ALL cases may originate from B1 cell progenitors. Using a mouse model with a conditional deletion of Ikzf1 in B cell progenitors (Ikzf1f/f Mb1-Cre), we show that Ikaros is critical for normal B1 cell differentiation, similarly to B2 cell differentiation. Using the BCR-ABL oncogene, we show that B1 progenitor can induce BCP-ALL in the murine model and that Ikaros has a tumor suppressor function in these cells. Further studies are required to determine if B1 cell progenitors can contribute to B1-like BCP-ALL in human
Berbis, Julie. "Quelle utilité à la mise en œuvre du suivi des enfants et adolescents survivant à une leucémie dans la prise de décision ? : A propos de la cohorte LEA." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM5086.
Full textRegular advances in cancer treatment have dramatically improved the prognosis of children with acute leukemia, raising with a great acuity the problem of the late physical side effects, social integration, quality of life of the patients and their family as well as identification of the determinants of these outcomes. It is the responsibility of all the care system actors to consider these objective and subjective late effects. The LEA project (Leucémie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent - childhood and adolescent leukemia) was initiated in 2004 with the aim of studying the long-term health status and quality of life of children treated for leukemia after January 1980. As soon as the project began, the aim was to implement a system that can produce knowledge in a traditional research approach, but also to rapidly become a pragmatic approach of producing information that could affect both care and monitoring practices. The general objective of this manuscript seeks to demonstrate the utility of heavy plan such as the implementation of a cohort, in the double approach of providing information on the one hand directly relevant to clinical decision, and on the other hand likely to enlighten public decision. The present scientific works are based on: 1. The visibility of LEA in relation to other cohorts of childhood cancer survivors existing internationally; 2. The long-term impact of the heavy modalities of treatment, as the hematopoietic stem cell transplantation or irradiation; 3. The quality of life of the family long after the completion of cancer therapy; 4. The usefulness of a systematic follow-up in reducing inequalities in access to health care among social classes
Arnaud, Marie-Pierre. "Physiopathologie des leucémies aigues lymphoblastiques de la lignée B à remaniement ETV6/RUNX1 : rôle de la protéine CD9." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1S064/document.
Full textDespite improvements in survival rates, approximately 20% of children suffering from acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) present relapses from bone marrow or from B-extramedullary sites, such as the testes or ovaries, particularly in cases of late relapse of ETV6/RUNX1-ALL. Virgine Gandemer showed in 2007, that the expression of CD9, a protein from the tetraspanin superfamily, can be used to distinguish ETV6/RUNX1 lymphoblastic leukemia from other types of ALL. CD9 expression has been correlated with the risk of metastasis and is associated with a poor clinical outcome in various types of cancer. Moreover CD9 has been implicated in hematopoietic and leukemic stem cell homing. We hypothesized, that CD9 protein, through its functional properties on migration and homing, could be a key actor of B-ALL relapses. The purpose of our study was then to investigate, first the transcriptional regulation of CD9 in ETV6/RUNX1 B-ALL and secondly, the effect of CD9 expression on motility and engrafment of B lymphoblasts. The analysis of CD9 transcriptional regulation previously made in the team, suggested that it could be regulated by miRNAs. We identified a cluster of 3 miRNAs potentially implicated in the regulation of CD9 expression in ETV6/RUNX1 B-ALL. This result has to be confirmd by more functional analysis. We investigated the role of CD9 in the dissemination of B-ALL. We identified CD9 as a potential regulator of B-ALL cell adhesion and a new factor involved in CXCR4-mediated migration and homing, through the promotion of actin rearrangement in response to CXCL12. We also characterized the effect of CD9 protein expression on RAC1 activation, which had an impact on blast migration and engraftment. Finally, we described, for the first time, the influence of CD9, mediated by RAC1 signaling, on B-cell chemotactic migration and homing in the testis. Our work provides evidence for an impact of CD9 on the ability of pre-B leukemic cells to disseminate to testes, through its effects on migration and homing, and suggests that CD9 may be a key player in late relapses of B-ALL, which are currently poorly understood
Spinella, Jean-François. "Paysage génomique de la leucémie aiguë lymphoblastique de l’enfant." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18534.
Full textAcute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a complex disease with a multi-factorial etiology. It represents the most frequent pediatric cancer and despite a significant increase of survival rate, about 15% of the patients still do not respond to current treatment protocols and over 2/3 of survivors experience long-term treatment related side effects. To reduce these numbers, a better understanding of the underlying causes of ALL is needed. Through the analysis of next-generation sequencing (NGS) data obtained from the established Quebec cALL (QcALL) cohort of the Sainte-Justine hospital, I have been particularly concerned about the genomic determinants that contribute to different phases of ALL (predispositions, onset/progress and relapses). First, I developed an analysis tool (SNooPer) based on a machine learning algorithm integrating both normal and tumor NGS data of the patient to identify somatic mutations from low-pass sequencing. This tool, combined to in silico predictive analysis and to adequate functional validations, allowed us to characterize rare or recurrent events involved in the leukemogenesis process. Through the analysis of pre-B ALLs, I have been able to identify several rare driver genes which had never been associated to ALL before (ACD, DOT1L, HCFC1). The functional study of the identified mutation in ACD, a member of the shelterin complex, showed a concomitant lengthening of the telomeres and decreased apoptosis levels in leukemia cells. Besides the interest aroused by the discovery of these new drivers, I wanted to demonstrate the importance of low-frequency somatic events to establish the generally underestimated interindividual specificity and identify all cellular functions involved. During this work, I also identified new recurrent driver events in T-cell ALL (T-ALL), particularly among poorly characterized immature T-ALL patients. For example, I demonstrated the impact of a recurrent mutation in U2AF1, member of the spliceosome, on alternative splicing of cancer-relevant genes, further suggesting the importance of aberrant splicing in leukemogenesis. I also identified two new X-linked tumor suppressors, MED12 and USP9X, never associated to T-ALL before and obtained results supporting a potential role for these genes in the male-biased sex ratio observed in T-ALL (ratio male:female =1.22). Finally, through the longitudinal study of pre-B cALLs who suffered one or multiple relapses, I analyzed the clonal architecture and evolution of the tumors. I identified two distinct evolution patterns governing either early or late relapses: on one hand a highly dynamic pattern, sustained by a defect of DNA repair processes, illustrating the quick emergence of fitter clones - and on the other hand, a quasi-inert evolution pattern suggesting the escape from dormancy of neoplastic stem cells likely spared from initial cytoreductive therapy. Overall, this thesis contributed to the characterization of genomic determinants that constitute the inter- and intra-tumor variability, participate in leukemogenesis and/or in resistance mechanisms. This new knowledge will contribute to refine patient stratification and treatment.
Labonté, Jennifer. "Optimisation de l'évaluation de l'aptitude physique des survivants de leucémie lymphoblastique aiguë." Thèse, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/23646.
Full textIntroduction: In cancer patients, the 6-Minute Walking Test (6MWT) is the most widely used test because it can assess the functional capacity in patients, while remaining simple, safe and standardized. However, it is reported that the actual equations cannot accurately predict a valid "V" ̇O2 peak value or a 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) in cancer survivors. Thus, the first aim is to validate a specific equation using the 6MWT to predict "V" ̇O2peak, while the second is to validate a specific equation to predict walk distance during 6MWT. Methods: A total of 250 childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) survivors were enrolled in this study, among which 168 participants aged 22 years on average (22.2 ± 6.3) (n=80 females (48%); n=88 males (52%)) underwent a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) and a 6MWT to assess their functional capacity and their cardiorespiratory fitness. Additionally, participants completed a physical activity questionnaire. Participants were randomly divided in two groups to create (n=118 (70%)) and to validate (n=50 (30%)) the equations. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to determine a new prediction equation for "V" ̇O2 peak and 6MWD from 6MWT. The validity in between the measured and predicted "V" ̇O2 peak and between the measured and predicted 6MWD was assessed using the Bland and Altman method. Results: Specific "V" ̇O2 peak equation (mean of bias=2.51mL.kg-1.min-1) = (-0.236*age(years)) - (0.094*weight(kg)) - (0.120*HR end(bpm)) + (0.067*6MWD(meters)) + (0.065*MVLPA(min/day)) - (0.204*DT(years)) + 25.145. Specific 6MWD equation (mean of bias=10.86meters) = (3.948*height(cm)) - (1.223*weight(kg)) + (1.913*HR end(bpm)) - (6.863*RPE) + (0.556*MVLPA(min/day)) - 242.241 Conclusion: This is the first study that predicted "V" ̇O2 peak and 6MWD using clinical and specific variables related to the disease from a 6MWT in childhood ALL survivors. It refines an already available tool that will strengthen an objective evaluation of the patient.
Jimenez, Cortes Camille. "L’implication de la peptide-déformylase (PDF) dans la leucémie aiguë lymphoblastique de l’enfant." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/21356.
Full textBérard, Sophie. "Qualité nutritionnelle et santé cardiométabolique chez les survivants de la leucémie lymphoblastique aiguë." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/24722.
Full textContext. Although they are a high-risk population, there is little information about how diet may influence the cardiometabolic health of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (cALL) survivors. Objectives. This study aims to explore the associations between diet quality index and cardiometabolic health indicators in this population. Methodology. Participants were recruited as part of the PETALE study (n=241, 49.4% males; median age: 21.7 years). Adherence to 6 dietary scores were calculated: MEDAS (14-point Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener), KIDMED (Mediterranean Diet Quality Index for Children and Adolescents), HDI-2018 (Healthy Diet Indicator), HEI-2015 (Health Eating Index), E-DII (Energy Adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index) and FRAP (ferric-reducing antioxidant potential). Caloric intake from ultra-processed foods was determined based on the NOVA Classification. Multivariate logistic regressions, Student t-tests and Mann-Whitney tests evaluated the associations between diet, cardiometabolic and inflammatory outcomes. Results. We found that 88% of adults and 46% of children adhered poorly to the Mediterranean diet. In fact, less than a quarter of adults consumed at least 3 servings of legumes or fish per week, while more than a third of children ate pastries such as chocolate croissant at breakfast and 96% of them took sweets regularly. Also, 36.9% had poor adherence to the WHO recommendations, where more than 95% of all participants had a sodium consumption exceeding 2g per day. 76.3% had a diet to be improved according to the HEI-2015 score, which showed that the survivors of our cohort consumed an average of 7 servings of refined grain products per day and a daily intake of free sugars of up to 15% of total energy. On average, ultra-processed foods accounted for 51% of total energy intake. Having low HDL-C was associated with a more inflammatory diet (E-DII score) and higher consumption of ultra-processed foods. A higher E-DII score was associated with elevated HOMA-IR and consumption of ultra-processed foods with having high triglycerides. Participants with a better adherence to the HEI-2015 score had lower levels of circulating TNF-α. Adiponectin levels were higher in those who better adhered to the Mediterranean diet. Conclusion. Survivors of cALL have poor adherence to dietary recommendations, negatively affecting their cardiometabolic health and inflammatory status.