Journal articles: 'Lettuce, Diseases and pests'

1

Díaz, Beatriz M., Ricardo Biurrún, Aránzazu Moreno, Miguel Nebreda, and Alberto Fereres. "Impact of Ultraviolet-blocking Plastic Films on Insect Vectors of Virus Diseases Infesting Crisp Lettuce." HortScience 41, no. 3 (June 2006): 711–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.3.711.

Full text

Abstract:

Ultraviolet (UV)-absorbing plastic films are being used as a photoselective barrier to control insect vectors and associated virus diseases in different horticultural crops. A 2-year experiment was carried out in northeastern Spain (Navarra) to evaluate the impact of a UV-blocking film (AD-IR AV) on the population density of insect pests and the spread of insect-transmitted virus diseases associated with head lettuce [Lactuca sativa (L.)]. Results showed that the UV-absorbing plastic film did not loose its ability to filter UV radiation after three lettuce crop cycles (14 months). The UV-absorbing plastic film was effective in reducing the abundance and in delaying the colonization of lettuce by aphids [Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas) and Acyrthosiphum lactucae (Passerini)]. A significant increase in the percentage of marketable plants was achieved under UV-absorbing films due to a reduction in the number of plants infested by aphids and by insect-transmitted virus diseases (mainly potyviruses). Also the UV-absorbing plastic films were effective in reducing the population density of Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) and the spread of tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) as well as the population density of the lepidopteran pest, Autographa gamma (L.), a common pest of lettuce in Spain. However, no effective control of the greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) was achieved. The results showed that UV-absorbing plastic films are a very promising tool to protect greenhouse lettuce from the main pests and insect-transmitted virus diseases occurring in northeastern Spain.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Lebeda, A., E. Křístková, M. Kitner, B. Mieslerová, M. Jemelková, and D. A. C. Pink. "Resistance of wildLactucagenetic resources to diseases and pests, and their exploitation in lettuce breeding." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1101 (September 2015): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2015.1101.20.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Křístková, E., I. Doležalová, A. Lebeda, V. Vinter, and A. Novotná. "Description of morphological characters of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) genetic resources." Horticultural Science 35, No. 3 (August 12, 2008): 113–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4/2008-hortsci.

Full text

Abstract:

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) is the most important crop in the group of leafy vegetables. It is characterized by considerable morphological and genetic variation. The crop comprises seven main groups of cultivars (including oilseed lettuce) differing phenotypically; they are usually described as morphotypes. Lettuce breeding is primarilly focused on various morphological features and resistance against diseases and pests. The accurate description of lettuce germplasm provides basic information useful for lettuce breeders. The construction of a lettuce descriptor list has been stimulated by the international genebank community. This list consists of 55 descriptors with 15 elucidated by figures. It provides a tool for detailed characterization of and discrimination within the intraspecific variation of L. sativa, verification of old varieties, and identification of putative duplicates and gaps in germplasm collections. These descriptors, along with descriptors of wild Lactuca species, provide an efficient analytical tool for studying the complex morphological variability of this genus and relationships among the species.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Lebeda, Aleš, Eva Křístková, Miloslav Kitner, Barbora Mieslerová, Michaela Jemelková, and David A. C. Pink. "Wild Lactuca species, their genetic diversity, resistance to diseases and pests, and exploitation in lettuce breeding." European Journal of Plant Pathology 138, no. 3 (August 2, 2013): 597–640. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10658-013-0254-z.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Legarrea, S., B. M. Diaz, M. Plaza, L. Barrios, I. Morales, E. Viñuela, and A. Fereres. "Diminished UV radiation reduces the spread and population density of Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas) [Hemiptera: Aphididae] in lettuce crops." Horticultural Science 39, No. 2 (May 14, 2012): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/79/2011-hortsci.

Full text

Abstract:

UV-absorbing covers reduce the incidence of injurious insect pests and viruses in protected crops. In the present study, the effect of a UV-absorbing net (Bionet) on the spatio-temporal dynamics of the potato aphid on lettuce plants was evaluated. A field experiment was conducted during three seasons in two identical tunnels divided in four plots. A set of lettuce plants were artificially infested with Macrosiphum euphorbiae adults and the population was estimated by counting aphids on every plant over 7 to 9 weeks. Insect population grew exponentially but a significantly lower aphid density was present on plants grown under the UV-absorbing cover compared to a standard 50 mesh net. Similarly, in laboratory conditions, life table parameters were significantly reduced under the Bionet. Moreover, SADIE analysis showed that the spatial distribution of aphids was effectively limited under the UV-absorbing nets. Our results indicate that UV-absorbing nets should be considered as an important component of lettuce indoor cropping systems preventing pesticide applications and reducing the risk of spread of aphid-borne virus diseases.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Neto, Hozano de Souza Lemos, Marcelo de Almeida Guimarães, Italo Marlone Gomes Sampaio, Janiquelle da Silva Rabelo, Caris dos Santos Viana, and Rosilene Oliveira Mesquita. "Can silicon (Si) influence growth, physiology and postharvest quality of lettuce?" January 2020, no. 14(01) 2020 (January 20, 2020): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.20.14.01.p1848.

Full text

Abstract:

Although it is not considered an essential element for plants, silicon (Si) provides benefits for several species, especially grasses, such as increase in yield and resistance to pests and diseases, reducing the effects of salt and water stress, among others. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of silicon on the performance of lettuce in hydroponic system. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, with five doses of silicon (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 mM) in the nutrient solution. Shoot fresh and dry mass, gas exchanges, photosynthetic pigments and post-harvest were evaluated. It was observed that from the dose of 2 mM, there was a reduction in most variables. The dose of 0.4 mM [(-0.572)/(2*-0.7055)] provided a greater increase in shoot fresh mass. The highest photosynthetic rate was at the dose of 3.19 mM. Soluble solids, titratable acidity and pH were higher at the 4 mM dose. Silicon provides better lettuce production, with a dose of 0.4 mM allowing a greater shoot fresh mass, being the most indicated for lettuce cultivation in hydroponic system.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Panić, Milica, and Ferenc Bagi. "Viruses of arugula." Biljni lekar 48, no. 5 (2020): 503–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/biljlek2005503p.

Full text

Abstract:

Arugula is a leafy vegetable crop belonging to the Brassicaceae family, currently grown in several agricultural areas around the world. The two main species that are mostly grown as lettuce crops are Eruca sativa ("cultivated" rocket) and Diplotaxis tenuifolia ("wild" rocket). It is distributed all over the world and is usually consumed fresh (leaves) due to its typical sharp spicy taste. It has a variety of medicinal and therapeutic properties. It is grown in open fields or more often in greenhouses. Along with the increase in the demand for arugula and the intensification of production, an increasing occurrence of diseases and pests has been recorded. Viral diseases are a limiting factor for successful production and a potential threat to the failure of crops. Therefore, this research provides an overview of the literature of viruses registered so far on arugula. As viruses are a serious problem in plant production, and in arugula it is insufficiently researched, it is necessary to further elaborate on this topic.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Ivanova, I. P. "Подбор сортов салата листового для выращивания в зимних теплицах в условиях Центральной Якутии." Vestnik APK Verhnevolzh`ia, no. 2(46) (June 30, 2019): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.35694/yarcx.2019.46.2.003.

Full text

Abstract:

Определены сорта листового салата для выращивания в зимних теплицах методом подтопления в условиях Центральной Якутии, оптимальные по урожайности и качественным показателям, устойчивости к основным болезням и вредителям, проанализирован потребительский спрос. В опытах изучалось пять сортов и гибридов салата листового: Дубачек, Изумрудное кружево, Фанли F1, Азарт, Лифли F1. Опыты проводились в зимней остеклённой теплице общей площадью 324 м2, из них полезной площади 230 м2. Применяется органический субстрат на основе верхового сфагнового торфа, заправленный удобрениями и нейтрализованный до pH 5,56,0. В субстрат перед применением добавляется в качестве рыхлящего вещества агроперлит в соотношении 2:1. Повторность опытов четырёхкратная. Для выращивания рассады используются контейнеры на 64 и 54 ячейки, а для её выращивания до товарной спелости используются контейнеры с 8ю отверстиями, в которые вставляются стаканчики с рассадой. Установлено, что наиболее скороспелыми являются сорта Изумрудное кружево и Дубачек. Наибольшие показатели следующие: количество листьев у гибрида Фанли эффективность выращивания у сорта Дубачек (урожайность 4,15 кг/м2) масса одного растения у сорта Дубачек (155 г). Отмечено, что сорт Дубачек также является скороспелым и наиболее устойчивым к основным болезням листового салата.The varieties of leaf lettuce for growing in heated houses by the flooding method in the conditions of Central Yakutia optimal in terms of yield and quality indicators, resistance to major diseases and pests were determined consumer demand was analyzed. In the experiments five varieties and hybrids of leaf lettuce were studied: Dubachek, Izumrudnoe kruzhevo, Fanly F1, Azart, Lifli F1. The experiments were carried out in a winter glazed heated house with a total area of 324 m2 of which 230 m2 of useful area. An organic loadings based on highbog peat fertilized with fertilizers and neutralized to pH 5.56.0 is used. Before use agroperlite is added as a loosening agent in a 2:1 ratio to the substrate. The repetition of experiments is fourfold. Microgreen growing container for 64 and 54 cells for growing seedlings are used and for growing them to commercial ripeness containers with 8 holes are used into which cups of seedlings are inserted. It is established that the most early ripening varieties are Izumrudnoe kruzhevo and Dubachek. The greatest indicators are as follows: the number of leaves is in the Fanley hybrid cultivation efficiency in the Dubachek variety (yield 4.15 kg/m2) the mass of one plant is in the variety Dubachek (155 g). It is noted that the Dubachek variety is also early ripening and the most resistant to the main diseases of leaf lettuce.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Nali, C. "First Report of Erysiphe cichoracearum Infecting Hedera canariensis var. azorica in Italy." Plant Disease 83, no. 2 (February 1999): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1999.83.2.198d.

Full text

Abstract:

A powdery mildew disease of variegated ivy (Hedera canariensis L. var. azorica) was observed on the Tyrrhenian coast in Tuscany (Italy) in spring 1998. Symptoms began as small, nearly circular reddish spots that later enlarged and coalesced. The hyaline mycelium produced abundant, ellipsoid conidia in long chains that ranged from 20 to 40 μm in length and from 12 to 25 μm in width. Cleistothecia were globose (100 to 120 μm diameter), dark brown (when mature) with a basal ring of mycelioid appendages, and contained several (up to 20) ovate asci, each generally containing two ascospores. Ascospores were hyaline, one-celled, ellipsoid (20 to 35 μm in length and 10 to 20 μm in width). The morphological characteristics of this fungus were those given for Erysiphe cichoracearum DC. Infection also was found on English ivy (Hedera helix L.). It is reported that this species is, occasionally, subject to powdery mildew caused by E. cichoracearum (1). Conidia from infected leaves were shaken onto leaves of melon (Cucumis melo L.), cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), watermelon (Citrullus lanatus [Thunb.] Matsum. & Nakai), lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) and variegated and English ivy. After 7 days, the disease was observed on cucumber, melon, watermelon, tobacco, and variegated ivy. Examination confirmed that test plants were infected with E. cichoracearum. This is the first report of E. cichoracearum on variegated ivy in Italy. Reference: (1) P. P. Pirone. 1970. Diseases and Pests of Ornamental Plants. The Ronald Press, New York.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Chellemi, D. O., A. Gamliel, J. Katan, and K. V. Subbarao. "Development and Deployment of Systems-Based Approaches for the Management of Soilborne Plant Pathogens." Phytopathology® 106, no. 3 (March 2016): 216–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-09-15-0204-rvw.

Full text

Abstract:

Biological suppression of soilborne diseases with minimal use of outside interventive actions has been difficult to achieve in high input conventional crop production systems due to the inherent risk of pest resurgence. This review examines previous approaches to the management of soilborne disease as precursors to the evolution of a systems-based approach, in which plant disease suppression through natural biological feedback mechanisms in soil is incorporated into the design and operation of cropping systems. Two case studies are provided as examples in which a systems-based approach is being developed and deployed in the production of high value crops: lettuce/strawberry production in the coastal valleys of central California (United States) and sweet basil and other herb crop production in Israel. Considerations for developing and deploying system-based approaches are discussed and operational frameworks and metrics to guide their development are presented with the goal of offering a credible alternative to conventional approaches to soilborne disease management.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Hashem, Mohamed, Yasser S. Mostafa, Saad Alamri, Ahmed M. Abbas, and Ebrahem M. Eid. "Exploitation of Agro-Industrial Residues for the Formulation of a New Active and Cost Effective Biofungicide to Control the Root Rot of Vegetable Crops." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (August 18, 2021): 9254. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13169254.

Full text

Abstract:

This study aimed to produce an economic and stable biofungicide based on a new effective antagonistic strain (Trichoderma harzianum JF419706) via the exploitation of agro-industrial lignocellulosic residues as carriers for fungal growth to control the root rot diseases of vegetable crops. Trichoderma harzianum JF419706 showed a good resistance to a chemical fungicide with two-fold of the recommended dose. It was able to propagate on corn stovers amended with 20% of date molasses, as a very cheap substrate, up to 2.90 × 1016 CFU/g after 30 days. Formulation of the bioagent on the substrate as a fine powder (FTB) increased the shelf-life up to 8 months with good viability (9.37 × 1011 CFU/g). The bioagent propagated itself in the rhizospheric soil about two-fold of the initial inoculum. Application of the FTB, as a seed treatment, suppressed the root rot disease severity percentage of cucumber, lettuce, and tomato plants to 70.0%, 61.5%, and 53.8%, respectively, from the control. The crop yield increased by 50%, 35%, and 30% in the same order of the three crops. FTB promoted the growth and physiological processes of the plants significantly compared with the control. Our study recommends the application of the FTB as a cost-effective biofungicide and biofertilizer in crop management, singly or as a part of integrated pest management, to ensure the sustainability of green farming and reduce the chemical input in cultural practices.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Utkhede, R., and S. Mathur. "Fusarium Fruit Rot of Greenhouse Sweet Peppers in Canada." Plant Disease 87, no. 1 (January 2003): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2003.87.1.100c.

Full text

Abstract:

In the summer of 2001, a fruit rot of orange sweet peppers (Capsicum annum L. cv. Sympathy MZ) was observed in commercial greenhouses in British Columbia, Canada. According to the grower's estimate, approximately 40% of fruits in the commercial greenhouse were severely affected in the year 2001 and approximately 10% in 2002. The disease appeared on mature fruits at harvest time, and affected fruits are considered as culls. The disease appeared as discolored soft patches or necrotic spots predominantly at the calyx end and occasionally, anywhere on the mature fruit at harvest time. Seeds and the surrounding area inside the fruits were covered with fungal growth and orange-pink spore masses. Five fungal isolations were made from the lesions. Infected tissues from the edge of lesions were surface sterilized in 1% sodium hypochlorite for 2 min, blotted dry on sterile filter paper, and cultured on potato dextrose agar (PDA). Plates were incubated at 22°C for 7 days. Single spore fungal colonies isolated from the tissues yielded Fusarium sp. Only one fungal species was consistently isolated from affected pepper fruits. Morphology of the fungus was consistent with Fusarium subglutinans (Wollenweber & Reinking) Nelson et al. according to Keith Seifert of Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Ottawa, Canada. Molecular tests are being developed to confirm the identification of the fungus. To confirm pathogenicity, 10 flowers and developing fruits of sweet pepper cv. Sympathy MZ grown in a greenhouse were inoculated with the pathogen. For inoculation, 20 μl of spore suspension of the fungus (concentration 106 spores/ml) was drop-inoculated on the wounded and unwounded surfaces of fruits. To inoculate flowers, a spore suspension was drop-inoculated in the middle of flowers without any wounding. Controls were treated with 20 μl of sterile water. The experiment was repeated once. Approximately 80% of inoculated fruits and flowers developed symptoms on fruits similar to naturally infected fruits at maturity. Fruits from control plants did not develop any disease. On PDA, a Fusarium species identical to the original one was recovered from all inoculated infected fruits. A preliminary study showed that this pathogen does not infect other greenhouse crops such as tomato, cucumber, or lettuce. Sweet pepper stem and fruit rot caused by Fusarium solan has been reported previously (1) but there is no report of fruit rot caused by a Fusarium subglutinans-like species on greenhouse sweet peppers. Reference: (1) J. G. Menzies and W. R. Jarvis. Fusarium stem and fruit rot. Pages 333–334 in: Diseases and Pests of Vegetable Crops in Canada. R. J. Howard et al. eds. The Canadian Phytopathological Society and Entomological Society of Canada, 1994.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Dara, Surendra K. "Managing Western Flower Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on Lettuce and Green Peach Aphid and Cabbage Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on Broccoli with Chemical Insecticides and the Entomopathogenic Fungus Beauveria bassiana (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae)." Open Plant Science Journal 10, no. 1 (May 29, 2017): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874294701710010021.

Full text

Abstract:

Aims:Lettuce and broccoli are high value vegetable crops in California. The western flower thrips,Frankliniella occidentalison lettuce, and the cabbage aphid,Brevicoryne brassicaeand the green peach aphid,Myzus persicaeon broccoli are important insect pests that are frequently managed with chemical insecticides.Observation:Efficacy of various chemical insecticides and the entomopathogenic fungusBeauveria bassianawas evaluated against these pests in field studies in the Santa Maria area of California. Some insecticides varied in their efficacy againstF. occidentalisfrom year to year and against different aphid species.Conclusion:A new insecticide sulfoxaflor provided good control of aphids on broccoli.Beauveria bassianademonstrated a potential for broccoli and lettuce integrated pest management.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Liu, Samuel S., and Yong-Biao Liu. "Reducing Injury of Lettuce from Phosphine Fumigation." HortTechnology 24, no. 2 (April 2014): 188–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.24.2.188.

Full text

Abstract:

Fumigation with cylindered pure phosphine free of ammonia has been used commercially at low temperatures in recent years to control pests on harvested fresh fruit and vegetables. However, long fumigation treatments cause injuries to lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and prevent its commercial use on lettuce. We evaluated whether absorbents for carbon dioxide (CO2) and ethylene can prevent injuries to lettuce in phosphine fumigation, hypothesizing that an accumulation of CO2 or ethylene be responsible for the injuries. Head and romaine lettuce were fumigated in chambers in the presence or absence of CO2 and ethylene absorbents for 3 days at 2 °C. The use of absorbents prevented lettuce injury associated with fumigation and resulted in higher lettuce quality. In the absence of the absorbents, both head and romaine lettuce sustained significant injuries in the form of brown stain, a typical symptom of CO2 injuries, and significantly reduced quality as compared with fumigation in the presence of absorbents. The injuries were likely caused by CO2 based on the facts that injuries were identical to CO2 injuries and the prevention of the injuries by the use of CO2 absorbent. The findings of this study have important implications for developing safe and effective phosphine fumigation protocols at low temperature for controlling insect pests on fresh commodities, especially when a long treatment time is required.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Simonne, Eric H., John T. Owen, and Joseph M. Kemble. "Bell Pepper and Lettuce Response to Garlic Sprays." HortScience 32, no. 4 (July 1997): 602B—602. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.4.602b.

Full text

Abstract:

The efficacy of garlic spray (GS; Garlic Barrier™) as an alternative to conventional chemical control of disease and insect pests was evaluated on bell pepper and lettuce. Treatments consisted of a recommended chemical spray as needed (Treat. 1), GS applied once (Treat. 2) or twice (Treat. 3) a week, and water spray applied twice a week (Treat. 4). Because of no pest pressure during the test, no chemical sprays were used in Treat. 1. Differences among bell pepper yields were not significant (P > 0.50). For lettuce, Treat. 2 resulted in significantly (P = 0.02) higher head yield. Differences among treatments were not visually detectable in the field. These results suggested that GB applied at the manufacturer's rate (Treat. 2) did not adversely affect bell pepper and lettuce growth and yield. Garlic smell was not detectable on either vegetables, even after Treat. 3. Due to a low pest pressure, this study failed to identify beneficial effects of the GS. Without more scientific reports, relying only on GS to control pests of bell pepper and lettuce may involve uncontrolled risks.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Lu, Huangjun, Alan L. Wright, and David Sui. "Responses of Lettuce Cultivars to Insect Pests in Southern Florida." HortTechnology 21, no. 6 (December 2011): 773–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.21.6.773.

Full text

Abstract:

Banded cucumber beetle [BCB (Diabrotica balteata)], serpentine leafminer [SL (Liriomyza trifolii)], and aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) are among the major insect pests that cause significant economic damage to lettuce (Lactuca sativa) in southern Florida. Four romaine cultivars and three iceberg cultivars, currently used in Florida's lettuce production, were evaluated from Oct. 2010 to Jan. 2011 in separate field experiments for their responses to insect infestation. Lettuce cultivars differed significantly in their responses to infestations of BCB and aphids. Cultivar 70096 had the lowest percent (3.7%) of BCB feeding damage among the romaine cultivars. Romaine cultivar Manatee also had significantly lower BCB feeding damage (12.1%) than the susceptible cultivars Okeechobee (19.8%) and Terrapin (19.1%). The lowest level of infestation of aphids was observed on ‘Manatee’, followed by ‘70096’, whereas ‘Okeechobee’ and ‘Terrapin’ had severe infestation of aphids. The iceberg cultivars were similar to one another in their responses to BCB and SL but not in their response to aphid infestation. Yield was decreased from 3% to 37% for six of the seven cultivars grown under the adverse environmental conditions of insect infestations and cold weather in Dec. 2010, but the yield of ‘70096’ did not decline. The cultivars identified as resistant to insects can play an important role in integrated pest management (IPM), which may decrease pesticide application, reduce production costs, and protect the environment.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Raman, K. V. "SURVEY OF DISEASES AND PESTS IN AFRICA: PESTS." Acta Horticulturae, no. 213 (September 1987): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1987.213.15.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Heitefuss, Rudolf. "Wheat Diseases and Pests." Journal of Phytopathology 159, no. 4 (October 5, 2010): 324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0434.2010.01750.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Natwick, Eric T., and Martin I. Lopez. "Foliar Insecticide Efficacy Against Worm Pests in Lettuce, 2014: Table 1." Arthropod Management Tests 40, no. 1 (December 2015): E21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/tsv077.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Patterson, C. L. "Economically Important Diseases of Lettuce." Plant Disease 70, no. 10 (1986): 982. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-70-982.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

ERICKSON, MARILYN C., JEAN LIAO, ALISON S. PAYTON, DAVID G. RILEY, CATHY C. WEBB, LINDSEY E. DAVEY, SOPHIA KIMBREL, et al. "Preharvest Internalization of Escherichia coli O157:H7 into Lettuce Leaves, as Affected by Insect and Physical Damage." Journal of Food Protection 73, no. 10 (October 1, 2010): 1809–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-73.10.1809.

Full text

Abstract:

Environmental pests may serve as reservoirs and vectors of zoonotic pathogens to leafy greens; however, it is unknown whether insect pests feeding on plant tissues could redistribute these pathogens present on the surface of leaves to internal sites. This study sought to differentiate the degree of tissue internalization of Escherichia coli O157:H7 when applied at different populations on the surface of lettuce and spinach leaves, and to ascertain whether lettuce-infesting insects or physical injury could influence the fate of either surface or internalized populations of this enteric pathogen. No internalization of E. coli O157:H7 occurred when lettuce leaves were inoculated with 4.4 log CFU per leaf, but it did occur when inoculated with 6.4 log CFU per leaf. Internalization was statistically greater when spinach leaves were inoculated on the abaxial (underside) than when inoculated on the adaxial (topside) side, and when the enteric pathogen was spread after surface inoculation. Brief exposure (~18 h) of lettuce leaves to insects (5 cabbage loopers, 10 thrips, or 10 aphids) prior to inoculation with E. coli O157:H7 resulted in significantly reduced internalized populations of the pathogen within these leaves after approximately 2 weeks, as compared with leaves not exposed to insects. Surface-contaminated leaves physically injured through file abrasions also had significantly reduced populations of both total and internalized E. coli O157:H7 as compared with nonabraded leaves 2 weeks after pathogen exposure.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Kidd, Hamish, and Len Copping. "BCPC Conference 2000 - Pests and Diseases." Pesticide Outlook 12, no. 1 (2001): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b100807m.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Heitefuss, Rudolf. "Compendium of Hop Diseases and Pests." Journal of Phytopathology 158, no. 5 (May 2010): 391. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0434.2009.01617.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Heitefuss, Rudolf. "Compendium of Beet Diseases and Pests." Journal of Phytopathology 158, no. 5 (May 2010): 392. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0434.2009.01626.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Choi and Park. "Monitoring, Assessment and Management of Forest Insect Pests and Diseases." Forests 10, no. 10 (October 3, 2019): 865. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10100865.

Full text

Abstract:

Forest pests are one of the most important factors disturbing forest ecosystems, by impacting forestry economy, ecosystem services, biodiversity, and sustainable ecosystem management. Monitoring the occurrence of forest pests offers clues to understand their impacts on the forest ecosystem and develop a sustainable ecosystem management strategy. This special issue is designed to create a better understanding of the changes and impacts of forest pests according to forest changes, caused by natural or anthropogenic causes. There are 13 papers published in this special issue, covering several issues concerning forest pests. Two of the papers reviewed the changes in forest pests in Korea or Poland. The remaining twelve papers covered issues concerning the monitoring, assessment, and management of forest pests. Through this special issue, we expect to contribute towards the improvement of our knowledge of the structures and processes in forest ecosystems relating to forest pests and fundamental information for the effective management of forest pests.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Vecchia, Luca, Francesco Di Gioia, Antonio Ferrante, Jason C. Hong, Charles White, and Erin N. Rosskopf. "Integrating Cover Crops as a Source of Carbon for Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation." Agronomy 10, no. 10 (October 21, 2020): 1614. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10101614.

Full text

Abstract:

The adoption of anaerobic soil disinfestation (ASD), a biologically-based method for the management of soilborne pests and pathogens at the commercial scale strictly depends on the availability of effective and low-cost sources of carbon (C). A three-phase pot study was conducted to evaluate the performance of twelve cover crop species as alternative sources of C in comparison to molasses. Buckwheat produced the greatest above-ground and total plant dry biomass and accumulated the largest amount of total C. In the second phase, simulating the application of ASD in a pot-in-pot system, molasses-amended soil achieved substantially higher levels of anaerobicity, and lowered soil pH at 3 and 7 days after treatment application compared to soil amended with the cover crops tested. In the third phase of the study, after the ASD simulation, lettuce was planted to assess the impact of cover crops and molasses-based ASD on lettuce yield and quality. The treatments had limited effects on lettuce plant growth and quality as none of the treatments caused plant stunting or phytotoxicity. Tested cover crop species and molasses had a significant impact on the availability of macro and micro-elements in the soil, which in turn influenced the uptake of minerals in lettuce. Fast growing cover crops like buckwheat or oat, capable of accumulating high levels of C in a relatively short time, may represent a viable alternative to substitute or be combined with standard C sources like molasses, which could provide an on-farm C source and reduce cost of application. Further research is needed to assess the performance of cover crops at the field scale and verify their decomposability and efficacy in managing soil-borne pests and pathogens.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Ramahdana, Resty, and Ratna Wilis. "Hydroponic Mapping in the City of Padang." JURNAL BUANA 3, no. 3 (May 31, 2019): 524. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/student.v3i3.492.

Full text

Abstract:

This study aims to determine the distribution patterns of hydroponics in the city of Padang based on active members of the West Sumatra Hydroponic Community in the city of Padang, and to know the productivity of the lettuce vegetable business by participants in the West Sumatra Hydroponic Community business in Padang City. This type of research uses quantitative methods with analytical techniques, namely analysis of the nearest neighbors. The results showed that the distribution pattern of all members of the HSB Community was grouped with a total of 46 members, while for business members in a random or random pattern with 10 members and participants in the patterned household grouped with 36 members. At present the lettuce production has not been able to meet the demand for lettuce in the city of Padang due to constraints encountered by HSB businessmen such as temperature, pH, pests to land and costs.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Luo, She Zhou, and Cheng Wang. "Forest Pests and Diseases Forecasting Based on GIS." Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (May 2011): 2945–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.2945.

Full text

Abstract:

Geographic Information System (GIS) has been widely applied to the field of pest management, which provides the new ways and methods for integrated pest research, prevention and control. The main purpose of this study is to forecast and manage forest pests and diseases. For this purpose, I developed the forest pests diseases forecast system, by using ArcObjects (AO) and Visual Basic as the secondary development platform. The system is able to synthetically analyze and judge relevant data, such as weather forecast and tree species, according to the occurrence laws of the forest pests and diseases and the characteristics of biology. The system uses Markov chain and other methods to forecast the occurrence period, amount, scope and the degree of harm of pests and diseases. To validate the reliability of Markov chain model, the pests and diseases data of Liu'an City of Anhui Province, in China from 1975 to 2001, to be applied. The results show that the method used is reliable. The occurrence area and location of forest pests and diseases can be labelled and displayed on the electronic map with three-dimension.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Subbarao, K. V., Z. Kabir, F. N. Martin, and S. T. Koike. "Management of Soilborne Diseases in Strawberry Using Vegetable Rotations." Plant Disease 91, no. 8 (August 2007): 964–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-91-8-0964.

Full text

Abstract:

The influence of crop rotation on soilborne diseases and yield of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) was determined at a site infested with Verticillium dahliae microsclerotia and at another with no known history of V. dahliae infestation during 1997 to 2000. The rotations studied at the V. dahliae-infested site were (i) broccoli-broccoli-strawberry, (ii) Brussels sprouts-strawberry, and (iii) lettuce-lettuce-strawberry; the treatments at the site with no history of V. dahliae were (i) broccoli-broccoli-strawberry, (ii) cauliflower-cauliflower-strawberry, and (iii) lettuce-lettuce-strawberry. The effects of rotation on V. dahliae and Pythium populations, strawberry vigor, Verticillium wilt severity, and strawberry fruit yield were compared with a standard methyl bromide + chloropicrin fumigated control treatment at both sites. Rotations did not alter total population levels of Pythium spp. at either study site. However, V. dahliae microsclerotia were significantly reduced with br occoli and Brussels sprouts rotations compared with lettuce rotations at the V. dahliae-infested site. Reduced propagules led to lower Verticillium wilt severity on strawberry plants in the broccoli and Brussels sprouts rotations than in lettuce-rotated plots. Strawberry vigor and fruit yield were significantly lower in lettuce-rotated plots than in broccoli- and Brussels sprouts-rotated plots. Despite no detectable microsclerotia at the other site, strawberry vigor and fruit yield were greatest in plots rotated with broccoli, intermediate with cauliflower, and lowest with lettuce. None of the rotation treatments were better than the fumigated control for all variables measured. In the absence of fumigation, rotation with broccoli and Brussels sprouts is an effective cultural practice for managing Verticillium wilt in strawberry production; whereas, in fields with no detectable V. dahliae, broccoli is also a feasible rotational crop that enhances strawberry growth and yield. According to a cost-benefit analysis, the broccoli-strawberry rotation system could be an economically viable option provided growers are able to alternate years for strawberry cultivation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Miller, S. A., N. Patel, and C. J. Stanley. "CRANBERRY PESTS AND DISEASES IN NEW ZEALAND." Acta Horticulturae, no. 715 (August 2006): 509–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2006.715.78.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Maas, J. L. "STRAWBERRY DISEASES AND PESTS - PROGRESS AND PROBLEMS." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1049 (August 2014): 133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2014.1049.11.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Delserone, Leslie M. "Review ofCompendium of Beet Diseases and Pests." Journal of Agricultural & Food Information 11, no. 1 (January 21, 2010): 57–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10496500903436417.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Heathcote, G. D. "Atlas of diseases and pests in beet." Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 24, no. 4 (December 1988): 459–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-8809(88)90125-9.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Royle, D. J., and M. Hubbes. "Diseases and pests in energy crop plantations." Biomass and Bioenergy 2, no. 1-6 (January 1992): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0961-9534(92)90087-7.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Falloon, R. E. "DISEASES AND PESTS OF GRASS SEED CROPS." NZGA: Research and Practice Series 5 (January 1, 1990): 25–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/rps.5.1998.3340.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper will discuss the diseases and pests that affect grass seed production. In order to put the diseases and pests into perspective, the principlesof grass seed production will be considered. The components of yield of any crop for which seed is the product are: number of plants per unit area; number of inflorescences per plant; number of seeds per inflorescence; seed weight, Many factors can influence these components, for example: (1) crop establishment (cultivation, seed quality, seeding rate, sowing time, soil moisture and fertility can all affect numbers of plants) (2) crop growth (soil moisture, fertility, grazing and weeds can affect crop growth and influence numbers of inflorescences and numbers and weight of seeds).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Bensen, Tiffany A., Richard F. Smith, Krishna V. Subbarao, Steven T. Koike, Steven A. Fennimore, and Shachar Shem-Tov. "Mustard and Other Cover Crop Effects Vary on Lettuce Drop Caused by Sclerotinia minor and on Weeds." Plant Disease 93, no. 10 (October 2009): 1019–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-93-10-1019.

Full text

Abstract:

Mustard cover crops have been suggested as a potential biofumigant for managing soilborne agricultural pests and weeds. We conducted several experiments in commercial lettuce fields in the Salinas Valley, CA, to evaluate the effects of mustard cover crops on lettuce drop caused by Sclerotinia minor and on weed density and seed viability. In a long-term study, we measured the effects of white and Indian mustard cover crops on the density of S. minor sclerotia in soil, lettuce drop incidence, weed densities, weed seed viability, and crop yield in head lettuce. We also tested broccoli and rye cover crop treatments and a fallow control. Across several short-term studies, we evaluated the density of S. minor sclerotia in soil, lettuce drop incidence, weed densities, and weed seed viability following cover cropping with a mustard species blend. Numbers of sclerotia in soil were low in most experimental locations and were not affected by cover cropping. Mustard cover crops did not reduce disease incidence in the long-term experiment but the incidence of lettuce drop was lower in mustard-cover-cropped plots across the short-term experiments. With the exception of common purslane and hairy nightshade, weed densities and weed seed viability were not significantly reduced by cover cropping with mustard. Head lettuce yield was significantly higher in mustard-cover-cropped plots compared with a fallow control. Glucosinolate content in the two mustard species was similar to those measured in other studies but, when converted to an equivalent of a commercial fumigant, the concentrations were much lower than the labeled rate for lettuce production. Although mustard cover cropping resulted in yield benefits in this study, there was little to no disease or weed suppression.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Phophi, Mutondwa M., and Paramu L. Mafongoya. "Constraints to Vegetable Production Resulting from Pest and Diseases Induced by Climate Change and Globalization: A Review." Journal of Agricultural Science 9, no. 10 (September 13, 2017): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v9n10p11.

Full text

Abstract:

Vegetable production worldwide is constrained by pests and diseases which effects are exacerbated by climate change and variability. Greenhouse gas emissions are also increasing due to poor agricultural practices and other human activities. This will continue to have a negative impact on the prevalence of insect pests and diseases. This review focuses on the climatic factors that impact on insect pests and diseases of vegetable crops. High atmospheric temperatures and elevated carbon dioxide increases pest development, survival of pests and distribution of pest to new areas. The distribution of insect pests and diseases are not due to climate changes only but are also a result of globalisation and poor biosecurity measures at country borders. There is limited information on the distribution of pests and diseases due to globalisation in African countries. New exotic pests will continue to be introduced to countries if biosecurity measures are not improved. Future research must focus on how to manage emerging pests and diseases influenced by high temperatures and carbon dioxide and other climatic conditions which influence pest severity under smallholder farmers in the southern African regions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Bell, J. N. B., S. McNeill, G. Houlden, V. C. Brown, and P. J. Mansfield. "Atmospheric change: effect on plant pests and diseases." Parasitology 106, S1 (January 1993): S11—S24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003118200008608x.

Full text

Abstract:

SUMMARYThe atmosphere plays a key role in plant disease, but only recently has it become understood that atmospheric pollutants can influence the response of plants to attack by pests and pathogens. This paper reviews the evidence for this phenomenon, considering impacts of sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and ozone, mainly on fungal pathogens and aphid pests. Field observations in polluted areas have indicated changes in abundance of pests and pathogens and in some cases a causal link has been demonstrated in controlled experiments. A major study is described in which consistent marked positive impacts of SO2 and NO2 have been shown on a range of British agricultural aphid pests, using four different approaches: fumigations, nitration studies, exposure along air pollution gradients and a nation-wide field survey. Ozone, in contrast, produces a more complex range of responses. These effects are apparently mediated via chemical changes in the plant. Fungal pathogens show both positive and negative responses to air pollutants. A study is described in which these opposite responses in two different fungal species were observed in a field SO2–fumigation system and confirmed in controlled laboratory fumigations. Models are presented to describe the complex pathways by which air pollutants could influence host plant performance via impacts on pests and pathogens.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Esseili, Malak A., Xiang Gao, Patricia Boley, Yixuan Hou, Linda J. Saif, Paul Brewer-Jensen, Lisa C. Lindesmith, Ralph S. Baric, Robert L. Atmar, and Qiuhong Wang. "Human Norovirus Histo-Blood Group Antigen (HBGA) Binding Sites Mediate the Virus Specific Interactions with Lettuce Carbohydrates." Viruses 11, no. 9 (September 8, 2019): 833. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11090833.

Full text

Abstract:

Lettuce is often implicated in human norovirus (HuNoV) foodborne outbreaks. We identified H-like histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) on lettuce leaves as specific binding moieties for virus-like particles (VLPs) of HuNoV GII.4/HS194/2009 strain. The objective of this study was to determine whether HuNoV-lettuce binding is mediated through the virus HBGA binding sites (HBS). Toward this objective, VLPs of historical HuNoV GII.4 strains (1987, 1997, 2002, 2004 and 2006) with known natural mutations in their HBS, two newly generated VLP mutants of GII.4/HS194/2009 (D374A and G443A) and a VLP mutant (W375A) of GI.1/Norwalk/1968 along with its wild type VLPs, which displays distinct HBS, were investigated for their binding to lettuce. ELISA revealed that historical GII.4 strains binding to lettuce was dependent on their HBGAs profiles. The VLP mutants D374A and G443A lost binding to HBGAs and displayed no to minimal binding to lettuce, respectively. The VLPs of GI.1/Norwalk/1968 strain bound to lettuce through an H-like HBGA and the binding was inhibited by fucosidase digestion. Mutant W375A which was previously shown not to bind to HBGAs, displayed significantly reduced binding to lettuce. We conclude that the binding of HuNoV GII.4 and GI.1 strains to lettuce is mediated through the virus HBS.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Zhang, Yin’e, and Yong Ping Liu. "Identification of Navel Orange Diseases and Pests Based on the Fusion of DenseNet and Self-Attention Mechanism." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2021 (September 2, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5436729.

Full text

Abstract:

The prevention and control of navel orange pests and diseases is an important measure to ensure the yield of navel oranges. Aiming at the problems of slow speed, strong subjectivity, high requirements for professional knowledge required, and high identification costs in the identification methods of navel orange pests and diseases, this paper proposes a method based on DenseNet and attention. The power mechanism fusion (DCPSNET) identification method of navel orange diseases and pests improves the traditional deep dense network DenseNet model to realize accurate and efficient identification of navel orange diseases and pests. Due to the difficulty in collecting data of navel orange pests and diseases, this article uses image enhancement technology to expand. The experimental results show that, in the case of small samples, compared with the traditional model, the DCPSNET model can accurately identify different types of navel orange diseases and pests images and the accuracy of identifying six types of navel orange diseases and pests on the test set is as high as 96.90%. The method proposed in this paper has high recognition accuracy, realizes the intelligent recognition of navel orange diseases and pests, and also provides a way for high-precision recognition of small sample data sets.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Skirvin, D. J., L. Kravar-Garde, K. Reynolds, C. Wright, and A. Mead. "The effect of within-crop habitat manipulations on the conservation biological control of aphids in field-grown lettuce." Bulletin of Entomological Research 101, no. 6 (January 20, 2011): 623–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485310000659.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractWithin-crop habitat manipulations have the potential to increase the biological control of pests in horticultural field crops. Wildflower strips have been shown to increase the abundance of natural enemies, but there is little evidence to date of an impact on pest populations. The aim of this study was to determine whether within-crop wildflower strips can increase the natural regulation of pests in horticultural field crops. Aphid numbers in plots of lettuce grown adjacent to wildflower strips were compared with those in plots grown in the absence of wildflowers. The presence of wildflower strips led to a decrease in aphid numbers on adjacent lettuce plants during June and July, but had less impact in August and September. The decrease in aphid numbers was greatest close to the wildflower strips and, the decrease in aphid numbers declined with increasing distance from the wildflower strips, with little effect at a distance of ten metres. The main natural enemies found in the crop were those that dispersed aerially, which is consistent with data from previous studies on cereal crops. Analysis and interpretation of natural enemy numbers was difficult due to low recovery of natural enemies, and the numbers appeared to follow changes in aphid abundance rather than being directly linked to the presence of wildflower strips. Cutting the wildflower strips, to remove floral resources, had no impact on the reduction in aphid numbers achieved during June and July, but decreased the effect of the wildflower strips during August and September. The results suggest that wildflower strips can lead to increased natural regulation of pest aphids in outdoor lettuce crops, but more research is required to determine how this is mediated by natural enemies and how the impact of wildflower strips on natural pest regulation changes during the growing season.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Situmorang, Lamhot, and Fristi Riandari. "Expert System Mediagnosa Hama On Phon Oil With Certainty Factor Method." Journal Of Computer Networks, Architecture and High Performance Computing 2, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 268–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.47709/cnapc.v2i2.416.

Full text

Abstract:

The process of palm oil culture is influenced by various factors, one of which is the pest and disease factors. Generally the problem of farmers differentiating pests and diseases, this is dyed most of the farmers lack information and rely on the experience of other farmers to overcome the existing pest and disease problems. In handling pests and diseases, it is necessary to have a farmer consilant who is able to diagnose pests and diseases on oil palm trees. In this study, an expert system for diagnosing pests and diseases in palm tree plants, as well as providing various solutions for pests or diseases. The method used in this expert system is the Certainty Fators method. Certainty Method The factors was chosen because this method is suitable in the process of determining the identification of pests and diseases and the result of this application is the percentage of the system. The percentage is influenced by the CF value obtained from the system, the percentage of expert system consultations is taken from the highest yield as an alternative to other pests or diseases that attack oil palm tree crops.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Gonda, István, Imre Holb, and Klára Bitskey. "Previous data on the relationship between the intensity of pruning and the degree of damage in integrated and organic applegrowing systems." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 1 (May 27, 2001): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/1/3585.

Full text

Abstract:

In Hungary, fruit growers are increasingly interested in environmentally friendly growing methods, such as organic and integrated systems. Vital is the establishment of a strengthened system of cultivar-pruning-plant protection in production technology. Consequently, our aim was to examine the susceptibility of apple cultivars to diseases and pests and the effect of pruning technique on diseases and pests in organic and integrated growing systems.Two pathogens (Venturia inaequalis, Podosphaera leucotricha) and two pests (Leucoptera malifoliella, Pannonychus ulmi) were observed in organic and integrated systems under „strong” and „weak” pruning techniques. Our results on six cultivars showed that the pathogens and pests infested the trees more in the organic system, as compared to that of integrated production. The pruning technique affected mainly the susceptiblecultivars to diseases and pests. The „weak” pruning technique caused a higher level of diseases and pests infestations than the „strong” pruning technique, especially in the organic growing system. The likely reason is that the shoots grow fast and powerfully under “strong” pruning technique. This supports better preservation of the trees supported by susceptibility of plant tissues to diseases and pests.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Wille, Caroline N., Cesar B. Gomes, Elisandra Minotto, and José S. Nascimento. "Potential of aqueous extracts of basidiomycetes to control root-knot nematodes on lettuce." Horticultura Brasileira 37, no. 1 (March 2019): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-053620190108.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT The root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) is one of the main pests of lettuce due to the crop’s high susceptibility, unavailability of registered nematicides and lack of resistant cultivars. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of aqueous extracts of ten basidiomycete fungi for root-knot nematode control (in vitro and in vivo) on lettuce. The aqueous extracts of these fungi were initially evaluated in vitro in relation to their nematostatic and nematicidal activity. All extracts inhibited the hatching of second-stage juveniles of nematodes. The extracts that provided the highest mortality index (Pleurotus ostreatus, P. citrinopileatus, P. pulmonarius and Boletus sp.) were applied in pots containing autoclaved and infested soil with root-knot nematode. After 24 h, one lettuce seedling (cv. Regina) per pot was transplanted using soil treated with distilled water as control. After 50 days, we observed that soil treated with fungal extracts reduced, approximately, 70% of nematode reproduction. Plants treated with extracts obtained higher fresh mass and extracts of Boletus sp. and P. pulmonarius reduced damages to roots, being considered as potential bio-controllers of this nematode.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Bayu, Marida Santi Yudha Ika, Yusmani Prayogo, and Gatut Wahyu Anggoro Susanto. "INTEGRATED BIOLOGICAL TECHNOLOGY TO CONTROL MUNGBEAN PESTS AND DISEASES." Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science 22, no. 1 (July 9, 2021): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/ijas.v22n1.2021.p8-16.

Full text

Abstract:

The main constraints to increase mungbean production in Indonesia are pests and diseases. The application of integrated biological agents can improve the efficacy of controlling the mungbean pests and diseases. The study aimed to determine the efficacy of integrated biological agents to suppress mungbean pests and diseases. This field research was conducted from May to July 2018 using a randomized block design with seven treatments and four replicates. The treatments were: T1 = Trichol + NSP, T2 = Trichol + SlNPV, T3 = Trichol + NSP + SlNPV, T4 = Trichol + NSP + SlNPV + BeBas, T5 = Trichol + NSP + SlNPV + BeBas + GE, T6 = chemical pesticides, and T7 = control. The results showed that the highest efficacy occurred in T4 and T5 treatments which saved the yield loss from major pests and diseases attack, and did not differ significantly with chemical pesticides (T6). Treatments T4 was able to reduce the development of soil borne diseases by 3% and suppress Spodoptera litura attack by 9.8% as compared to chemical treatment. T4 was also more efficient than T5 because it uses less biological agents. The advantage of biological agents is compatible if they were used together with predators such as Oxyopes sp., Paederus sp. and Coccinella sp; and also Telenomus sp. and Trichogramma sp. parasitoids. On the other hand, the chemical pesticides (T6) killed all existing natural enemies. Therefore, T4 could be recommended for controlling mungbean pests and diseases.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Turkensteen, L. J. "SURVEY OF DISEASES AND PESTS IN AFRICA: FUNGAL AND BACTERIAL DISEASES." Acta Horticulturae, no. 213 (September 1987): 151–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1987.213.16.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Okonya, Joshua, Walter Ocimati, Anastase Nduwayezu, Déo Kantungeko, Nicolas Niko, Guy Blomme, James Legg, and Jürgen Kroschel. "Farmer Reported Pest and Disease Impacts on Root, Tuber, and Banana Crops and Livelihoods in Rwanda and Burundi." Sustainability 11, no. 6 (March 15, 2019): 1592. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11061592.

Full text

Abstract:

Biotic constraints cause major crop losses and, hence, food insecurity in sub-Saharan Africa. This study documented the popularity, production constraints, pests and diseases, farmers’ perceptions on the severity of biotic constraints and the impact of related crop losses on household food security for the key root, tuber and banana (RTB) crops (cassava, potato, sweetpotato and banana). Farmer interviews were conducted in 2014 covering 811 households in Rwanda and Burundi. Farmers were asked to list their RTB crop production constraints, name insect pests and diseases of RTB crops, estimate crop loss due to pests and diseases, and mention if their household experienced any form of food insecurity due to pests and diseases. Cutworms and late blight in potato, banana weevils and banana Xanthomonas wilt in banana, cassava whitefly and cassava mosaic disease in cassava, sweetpotato weevils, and sweetpotato virus disease in sweetpotato were the most predominant pests and diseases reported. Crop losses due to pests and diseases for sweetpotato, banana, potato and cassava were estimated at 26%, 29%, 33%, and 36%, respectively, in Rwanda and 37%, 48%, 38%, and 37% in Burundi. Pests and diseases reduce the profitability of RTB crops, threaten food security, and constitute a disincentive for investment. Sustainable and affordable integrated pest management packages need to be developed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Obermeier, C., J. L. Sears, H. Y. Liu, K. O. Schlueter, E. J. Ryder, J. E. Duffus, S. T. Koike, and G. C. Wisler. "Characterization of Distinct Tombusviruses that Cause Diseases of Lettuce and Tomato in the Western United States." Phytopathology® 91, no. 8 (August 2001): 797–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2001.91.8.797.

Full text

Abstract:

A soilborne disease of lettuce, associated with necrosis and dieback, has been found with increasing frequency in California and Arizona over the last 10 years. An isometric virus, serologically related to Tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV), was consistently isolated from lettuce plants with these disease symptoms. Back-inoculation to healthy lettuce plants and subsequent reisolation of the virus from symptomatic lettuce leaves suggested that this virus was the causal agent of this disease. A tombusvirus was also associated with a necrosis disease of greenhouse-grown tomatoes in Colorado and New Mexico. Complementary DNA representing the 3′ end of viral genomic RNAs recovered from diseased lettuce and tomato plants had identical nucleotide sequences. However, these sequences were divergent (12.2 to 17.1%) from sequences of the previously described strains of TBSV, Petunia asteroid mosaic virus (PAMV), Artichoke mottled crinkle virus, and Carnation Italian ringspot virus. Additional tombusvirus isolates were recovered from diseased lettuce and tomato plants and these were most closely related to the TBSV-cherry strain (synonymous with PAMV) and to Cucumber necrosis virus based on comparison of 3′-end sequences (0.1 to 0.6% and 4.8 to 5.1% divergence, respectively). Western blot analysis revealed that the new tombusvirus isolated from diseased lettuce and tomato plants in the western United States is serologically distinct from previously described tombusvirus species and strains. Based on genomic and serological properties, we propose to classify this virus as a new tombusvirus species and name it Lettuce necrotic stunt virus.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Md Sabtu, Norraisha, Mohamad Hafis Izran Ishak, and Nurul Hawani Idris. "THE SPATIAL EPIDEMIOLOGY OF JACKFRUIT PEST AND DISEASES: A REVIEW." International Journal of Built Environment and Sustainability 6, no. 1-2 (April 1, 2019): 169–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/ijbes.v6.n1-2.395.

Full text

Abstract:

Jackfruit is identified as targeted produced for premium fruit and vegetable (EPP 7). Meanwhile in Johor, jackfruit is the third biggest fruit produced in 2016. Jackfruit contains a lot of benefits which certainly good for living things and have been used in various sector such as medicine, food, anti-bacterial and anti-oxidant, antifungal effect, immunomodulatory effect and else. However, the existence of pests and diseases have threatened the productivity of jackfruit plant particularly in tropical countries including Malaysia. There are many factors that can affect the occurrence of pests and plant diseases of jackfruit such as shoot borers, bark borers, mealy bug and scale insects, blossoms and fruit rots and bacterial die-back. Several studies have been devoted to model the plant pests and diseases epidemiology, though the contexts that focus in tropical environment and jackfruit plant are limited. Therefore, this paper aims to discuss abiotic factors and spatial methods that have been used to define dispersal pattern and relationship between abiotic factors including major climatic variables with plant pests and diseases occurrence data, particularly in tropical climate. This paper could be used as a basis to understand the epidemiological models in combating pest and plant disease and to support towards the effective management of jackfruit pests and diseases in tropical countries, particularly Malaysia.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Malone, L. A., E. P. J. Burgess, C. F. Mercer, J. T. Christeller, M. T. Lester, C. Murray, M. M. Phung, B. A. Philip, E. L. Tregidga, and J. H. Todd. "Effects of biotinbinding proteins on eight species of pasture invertebrates." New Zealand Plant Protection 55 (August 1, 2002): 411–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2002.55.3916.

Full text

Abstract:

Biotinbinding proteins (BBPs) such as avidin and streptavidin represent potent insect control compounds which could be delivered via transgenic plants The effects of BBPs on some pasture pests were determined Black field cricket nymphs (Teleogryllus commodus) had significantly reduced growth and survival when fed on lettuce leaves painted with purified avidin Adult clover root weevils (Sitona lepidus) were unharmed when fed clover foliage painted with avidin In contrast neonate or oneweekold S lepidus larvae had poor survival when fed on artificial diets containing avidin or streptavidin Neonate larval Argentine stem weevils (Listronotus bonariensis) had significantly reduced survival when fed with artificial diet containing streptavidin or avidin Slugs (Deroceras reticulatum) and snails (Cantareus aspersus) were not harmed when fed with avidinpainted lettuce Similar numbers of eggs were laid and galls produced by the rootknot nematodes Meloidogyne javanica Meloidogyne hapla and Meloidogyne incognita inoculated onto transgenic tobacco plants expressing avidin and nontransgenic controls

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Lettuce, Diseases and pests'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles