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1
Dwyer, Edward J. "Developing Writing Skills Through Letter Writing." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 1996. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3391.
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Intended specifically for tutors who want to use proven teaching techniques but who have limited time and resources, this book offers dozens of teaching ideas as well as useful information on curriculum development, instruction and appropriate reading materials.
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Daybell, James. "Women's letters and letter-writing in England, 1540-1603." Thesis, University of Reading, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.419154.
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Dietrich, Rayshelle. "Everyday epistles the journal-letter writing of American women, 1754-1836 /." [Fort Worth, Tex.] : Texas Christian University, 2008. http://etd.tcu.edu/etdfiles/available/etd-12192008-094554/unrestricted/Dietrich.pdf.
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Riha, Helena. "Lettered Words and Roman Letter Characters in Chinese Writing: A Study Of Alphabetic Writing in Chinese Newswires." The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1222045556.
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Schneider, Gary. "The culture of epistolarity : vernacular letters and letter writing in early modern England, 1500-1700 /." Newark : University of Delaware press, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39977873q.
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Wetelainen, Karen A. "The Phaedrus and the Seventh letter on writing, a study of the critique of writing found in Plato's Phaedrus and Seventh letter." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ45306.pdf.
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Zanasi, Roberta <1973>. "Victorian letter writing and its representation in literature and painting: the case study of love letters." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2022. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/10384/1/Roberta%20Zanasi%20-%20PhD%20Thesis%20-%20Final%20Version.pdf.
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One of the main features of nineteenth-century fiction is the quasi-total disappearance of the epistolary novel that had had its heydays in the previous century. For this reason, some scholars have declared the “death” of the letter in literature after the transitional romantic period. However, Victorian novels overflow with letters that are embedded, quoted in part or described and commented on by narrators or characters. Even when its content is not revealed to the reader, the letter becomes a signifier loaded with meanings, also and particularly so, when it is burnt, torn, hidden, found or buried. The Postal Reform of 1839-40 caused the number of letters sent every year in Britain to grow from 75 to 410 million in only 14 years, and the mediatic campaign that supported it drew the attention of the population to the material aspects concerning this means of communication. Newspapers became more affordable too and they promoted a taste for sensationalism that often involved the “spectacularization” of private correspondence. Starting from an excursus on the history of the letter aimed at identifying the key aspects of the genre, this work deals with some real love correspondences from people belonging to different classes in the period from 1840 to the 1870s, to then analyse their fictional and pictorial counterparts. The general picture that emerges from this analysis is that of a Victorian society where letters were able to break down the boundaries between high and low forms of cultural expressions and where, more than ever, letters were present in people’s everyday lives as well as in the art and literature they enjoyed.
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Sadlack, Erin Anne. ""In writing it may be spoke" the politics of women's letter-writing, 1377-1603 /." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/2650.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2005.Thesis research directed by: English Language and Literature. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Salmon, Christine Mary. "Representations of the female self in familiar letters 1650-1780." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.337519.
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PAZ, ELIANE HATHERLY. "PORTINARI IN POR-TRAIT: A SELF-WRITING IN LETTER AND IMAGE." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2012. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=30153@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
PROGRAMA DE DOUTORADO NO PAÍS COM ESTÁGIO NO EXTERIOR
Portinari em re-trato: uma escrita de si em letra e imagem investiga a escrita autobiográfica do pintor brasileiro Candido Portinari através de diversos registros – sua correspondência, seu diário, seu poema e seus autorretratos. Sob a perspectiva das representações do eu – e partindo do significado etimológico da palavra retrato, derivada do latim re-traho (re-traçar) –, busquei retratar o homem por trás da máscara do pintor, seguindo as pistas deixadas nessa série de repetições de si mesmo.
Portinari in por-trait: a self-writing in letter and image investigates the autobiographical writing of the brazilian paiter Candido Portinari through its various registers – his letters, his journal, his poems and his selfportraits. Under the perspective of self-writing, my goal is to picture the man behind the mask of the painter, following the clues in his series of self-repetitions.
Portinari en por-trait : une écriture de soi par la lettre et l image enquête l écriture autobiographique du peintre brésilien Candido Portinari à travers divers documents – sa correspondance, son journal intime, son poème et ses autoportraits. Du point de vue des représentations du moi- et en m appuyant sur le sens etymologique du mot portrait, dérivé du latin pro-trahere, infinitif de pro-traho, de traho (tirer) avec le prefixe pro - (tirer en avant, faire sortir, traîner hors de; sortir au grand jour, révéler, dévoiler), j ai cherché à dépeindre l homme derrière le masque du peintre, en suivant les indices laissés dans cette série répétitions de soi-même.
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Gubernatis, Catherine. "The epistolary form in twentieth-century fiction." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1184950116.
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Crump, Ava M. "An Adolescent Journey: Expressive Letter Writing Through a Wilderness Adventure Therapy Program." DigitalCommons@USU, 2014. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/2789.
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This qualitative phenomenological study explored the key themes of an adolescent journey during a wilderness adventure therapy program through expressive letter writing to their parents. Ten complete sets of letters (five boys and five girls) totaling over 400 pages were analyzed by four independent coders until saturation of themes were reached. There were five overarching themes that emerged from the data: impact of wilderness experiences, desires for improved relationships, apology and accountability, negative emotions, and positive growth and coping. These themes were presented in the chronological pattern that they appeared in the letters. The findings represent the adolescents’ experiences written in their own words. This research is the first of its kind and has implications for parents and adolescents who are considering this growing treatment modality of wilderness adventure therapy, and for professionals, especially family therapists, who can use the pattern in assessment and as an intervention tool in working with families.
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Everitt, Charles Kingston. "Eloquence as profession and art : the use of the ars dictaminis in the letters of Gilbert Stone and his contemporaries c1300-c1450." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1986. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:69a69618-50df-4f27-8291-98546df046eb.
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This thesis is a study of the use of the ars dictaminis (the art of letter-writing) in fourteenth and early fifteenth century England. It has three aims: firstly to examine the extent to which the ars was an integral and important part of professional administration, ecclesiastical and secular; secondly to describe the nature of eloquent epistolary composition and compare this to the traditional requirements of the ars; and thirdly to investigate in the context of the preceding discussion the relationship between medieval rhetoric, middle English literature and renaissance humanism. The well documented career of Gilbert Stone, an episcopal chancellor, is used to initiate a wider investigation into those of his secretarial contemporaries. There is no evidence in later medieval England of a highly self conscious secretarial profession nor of a cult of eloquence. Letter collections point however to the importance of form and style, and an examination of their contents suggests that the rules of the ars. and particularly of the cursus, were used, adapted and developed, sometimes in quite routine documents, but more especially in 'eloquent' letters of persuasion. The ars, it is argued, was more vibrant, flexible and appropriate to its context than later critics have imagined. The ars, notably through Thomas Hoccleve, exercised an influence on poetic form and style; and even in a case such as that of Chaucer where there was not such a strong direct influence, it is possible that the ars may be seen as part of a complex conditioning literary environment. Finally the professional-literary structure underlying the use of the ars provided a motive and a means for the introduction of humanism into England.
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Guy, Chloë Rowan. "'Enough in my heart to know all my thoughts' : the letter writing of unmarried women, 1575-1802." Thesis, Swansea University, 2012. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42752.
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The rise in popularity of women's history and the history of letter writing has ensured much debate on these subjects in recent years. However, little research has been conducted on the letter writing of unmarried women and networks shown in their letter writing. From courtship to widowhood, the relationships created and sustained through the medium of letter writing are manifested, and the detail of their lives makes for compelling reading. Through largely case based studies, I have sought to show the types of support systems women had in place, not only from men, but from friends and relatives. Their lives are documented through analysis of both manner and content, examining style, rhetoric and expression. I have sought to include not only examples of women who have already been examined, such as Dorothy Osborne, and Anne Newdigate, but lesser known sources, such as Isabella Strutt and the correspondents of Jane Stringer. This adds a new depth to the work already conducted on the lives of early modern women. Single women were able to create agenda and autonomy through their letter writing, employing a variety of rhetorical devices and personas subject to their stage in the life cycle. Through their letters, they were able to maintain bonds with men and women, cutting across gender and class barrier, broadening their experiences and enriching their lives.
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Gladden, Mary Ann. "Training second graders in self-evaluation of manuscript letter formation through use of an electronic card reader." Connect to resource, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1234449383.
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Dan, Nguyen Trong, and n/a. "Towards a syllabus for teaching commercial letter writing to commerce students in Vietnam." University of Canberra. Education, 1990. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060704.115742.
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There are increasing needs for trained business persons as a result of the
recent rapid development of foreign trade in Vietnam. A good command of
written commercial English is one of the most important qualifications of a
business person. At present the Hanoi Foreign Trade College is the only
institution which is responsible for training commerce students. The
teaching of writing skill in general and the teaching of commercial letter
writing in particular still leave much to be desired. The writing skill of
graduates of the Hanoi Foreign Trade College is far from satisfactory
This Field Study Report aims at identifying the difficulties and the needs of
commerce students in the Hanoi Foreign Trade College. It takes into
consideration the language and learning needs of the target students in
order to suggest a syllabus for the teaching of commercial letter writing to
commerce students more efficiently.
The Field Study Report consists of seven chapters.
Chapter I provides an analysis of the teaching and learning situations at the
Hanoi Foreign Trade College and problems of the teaching of commercial
letter writing.
Chapter 2 looks at some major theoretical problems and practical issues for
Specific Purpose English syllabus design and material production for the
teaching of commercial letter writing to commerce students at the Hanoi
Foreign Trade College.
Chapter 3 is a contrastive analysis of western commercial letters,
Vietnamese commercial letters in Vietnamese and Vietnamese commercial
letters in English.
Chapter 4 is an analysis of the results of a survey made in 1988 to identify
the needs of commerce students for commercial letters.
Chapter 5 is mainly concerned with designing a communicative syllabus for
the teaching of commercial letter writing to commerce students in Vietnam.
Chapter 6 is the proposed syllabus for the teaching of CLW to commerce
students at the HFTC, Vietnam.
Chapter 7 is the conclusion.
This Field Study Report should be regarded as an exploratory attempt to
adopt the communicative approach in designing a syllabus for the teaching
of commercial letter writing to commerce students in Vietnam.
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Rosabal, Babette M. "Exploring Email Letter Writing To Augment Therapy Relationships With Clients Who Self-Injure." Thesis, Nova Southeastern University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10185671.
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The use of social technologies continues to grow at a rapid pace. Such technologies free individuals to communicate with one another in a multitude of ways without the need to be face-to-face in the same room This study was designed to explore, based on a small sample of case studies, the usefulness of one way that social technology is employed today, collaborative email letter writing (CELW), when used in conjunction with live therapy sessions to counsel a self-injuring population. Currently, most email counseling consists of exchanging communications without live clinical intervention (Heinlein, Welfel, Richmond, & Rack, 2003). While self-injury behavior (SIB) is on the rise (Conterio & Lader, 1998; Zila & Kiselica, 2001), there is little evidence that shows that either traditional or systemic postmodern therapies are useful in treating SIB in adolescents or young adults. Alternative forms of communication, such as letter writing (Freedman & Combs, 1996; White, 1995; White & Epston, 1990), have proven to benefit a variety of clients who have a difficult time expressing emotions in live therapy sessions. However, research studies on CELW as an ongoing therapeutic technique with clients are extremely limited. To address this gap, I conducted a qualitative case study on a small sample of clients in which I explored how CELW could be used with certain clients. Considering the in-depth understanding of the therapeutic participant-observer, therapist CELW, client CELW, and the researcher's experience, I sought to establish the meanings of multiple perspectives for analysis of this underused therapeutic technique. I used a cross-case analysis of three individual cases to provide both an in-depth understanding of the similarities and differences across three case studies, and to understand how clinicians might incorporate this additional resource into their clinical practices.
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Davis, Elizabeth L. "The Effects of a Phonologically Linked Kindergarten Writing Program on Letter-Sound Relationships." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1237831459.
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Cruse, Julia. "Gentry identity and the politics of vernacular letter writing in the fifteenth century." Thesis, University of Kent, 2014. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/50558/.
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The individual authorial voice of the late-medieval gentry letter-writer as heard in the context of private, familial or public land disputes is the focus of this thesis. It uses as its main sources two fifteenth-century letter collections which arise out of legal challenges: the Armburgh Roll and the letters of John Shillingford, a mayor of Exeter. The Armburgh Roll, c.1417-c.1453, focuses on a disputed inheritance claim and the affairs of the claimants Joan Armburgh and her husband Robert. The Shillingford letters detail a public dispute between the city of Exeter and the ecclesiastical authorities in the 1440s. The aim of this thesis is to further the understanding of the social and cultural attitudes of the fifteenth-century gentry through the analysis of the language and composition of their personal writings as well as to advance the historiographical appreciation of those gentry letters where they were written within the framework of conflict. It is both the deployment of a literary line of enquiry and a comparative study of the language, content and context of the letters that comprises the main strands of the study. It shows how by ‘reading between the lines’ and examining the individuality of the texts it is possible to reveal the thought processes that sit behind the individual writers’ words and therefore to gain a greater insight into the literate gentry strata. It demonstrates the importance of examining the letters with the emphasis on the politics of the writing which in turn reveals the emotional engagement that the individual gentry writer had with his or her own writing. Primarily, the thesis argues that by appraising the personal writings of the gentry with the emphasis on the creation of the texts against an appreciation of the complex ideological beliefs and concepts of the late-medieval period we can develop our understanding of gentry close personal relationships which in turn enables us to add to our knowledge of that important land-owning class and its evolving social hierarchy.
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Reutzel, Pamela C. "An Investigatory Study of Relationships Among Selected Theoretical components of Letter-Writing fluency." DigitalCommons@USU, 2015. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4259.
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Research that shows the need for letter-writing fluency as a foundation for being able to attend to higher-level thinking skills in writing calls for more research as to what the components of letter-writing fluency actually are and how they are related to writing efficiency. This hierarchical multiple regression study entailed two parts.
First, results of assessments of three selected subskills of letter-writing fluency were analyzed to determine how much variance they contribute to the task of letterwriting fluency in 49 kindergarten students in December of their kindergarten year. The first assessed subskill was letter-naming fluency (LNF), which has previously been shown to be predictive of reading ability. The other two subskills that were assessed focus on critical features of letters: (a) letter construction of lowercase letters using physical manipulation and placement of critical features, and (b) critical feature production (CFP) in the form of writing pseudo-letters made up of the same critical features as Roman alphabet letters. As LNF was suspected to be a strong indicator of letter-writing fluency, the other two subskills of critical feature identification and CFP were also analyzed to see how much variance they accounted for in LNF. LNF, CFP, and letter construction were shown to account for a total of 49% of the variance in the skill of letter-writing fluency.
LNF accounted for 39% and thus most strongly correlated with writing fluency. Letter construction using critical features and writing of pseudo-letters together added 10% more to the variance of letter-writing fluency. Critical feature identification and CFP were shown to account for 20% of the variance in LNF.
This study has implications for letter-writing instruction in early childhood education classrooms, including a strong emphasis on letter-naming activities in the early stages of letter writing. Exploratory, developmentally sensitive instruction may be beneficial involving early writers in activities that require identification, manipulation, and writing of basic critical features of letters. These instructional options are worthy of further research.
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KE, LINGXIANG. "Virginia Woolf’s Letters: Writing in the Making." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Bergamo, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10446/61857.
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This dissertation means to explore the aesthetics of Woolf’s epistolary writing. For
Woolf, letters become a vast field, a free space for experimenting her original theories
of writing, developing her unique techniques and perfecting her style of modern
writing. They also provide a space for finding her authorial voice, position and self.
Delving into the six volumes of Woolf’s private letters, we first explore how they
depict the author’s daily life, its wealth and intensity. Through her exchanges with her
numerous addressees, Woolf redefines the epistolary genre: apart from their
informative function, letters offer artistic descriptions of life and people, which are
composed by Woolf in a specific manner, often fuelled by various other
arts—painting, cinema, music, or drama. Such a representation transforms the most
private epistolary genre into a public, dialogical and inter-medial genre. Intimacy and
self-protectiveness, together with a desire for self-exposure stimulate Woolf to
develop a style of “central transparency”—her figurative or suggestive method that
enables her to express emotion and represent herself.
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Craven, Laura. "Letter writing to pupils : an approach used to develop a therapeutic alliance with pupils?" Thesis, Cardiff University, 2013. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/51802/.
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The current research explores the use of letter writing to pupils as a tool within educational psychology practice to develop and enhance the therapeutic alliance. The research aims to explore the theoretical approaches underpinning the letters written by EPs, and pupil perceptions. Semi-structured interviews were used with both parties. The interviews were analysed using Thematic Analysis. Strong themes of personal, task and goal alliance emerged from both EP and pupil interviews, suggesting that letter writing is an effective tool to contribute towards the development and enhancement of a therapeutic alliance. Correlated themes such as the ‘process of change’ and the ‘power of the written’ word were also found between both groups. EP letters are not underpinned by a specific theoretical framework but reflect an eclectic and holistic use of psychology. EPs reported that they are more likely to write to older, more able pupils with Social, Emotional and Behavioural difficulties (SEBD). Pupils generally reported positive outcomes from receiving a letter. Implications for practice, with regards to the use of letters, are discussed.
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Hannan, Leonie K. J. "Women letter-writing and the life of the mind in England c. 1650-1750." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.538318.
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In England c. 1650-1750, before widespread formal schooling for girls or access to higher education for women, the life of the mind (broadly defined) is an important, yet unexplored, field of female experience. It is studied here via the mechanism of letterwriting. Corresponding provided motivated women with not only a forum but also the impetus to engage with intellectual life. By picking up the pen idle musings could be transformed into considered sentences; passively absorbed meanings into actively discussed ideas. From a source base of approximately 4,000 private letters, around 500 were chosen for closer analysis. Intellectual and everyday lives have traditionally been studied separately. Here it is shown that, for women, these two worlds were not only interconnected but that they impacted upon one another in significant ways. After the historiographical introduction (Chapter One), the first two research chapters (Chapters Two and Three) examine letterwriting as an interactive social process, showing that prescriptive literature was not an accurate guide to actual epistolary norms. Chapters Four and Five explore the material and intellectual qualities of a seventeenth-century letter-writer's correspondence networks, taking Mary Evelyn as a case-study. Chapter Six then analyses the ways in which the domestic spaces, inhabited by women, affected their abilities to pursue contemplative activities. Chapter Seven draws together the spatial and temporal concerns expressed by a wider cross-section of women in their letters about the `life of the mind' and the final chapter assesses what intellectual life meant for women at this time. Overall, the case is made for a broader conceptualisation of female intellectualism. The societal codes unfavourable to educating women did not, in fact, eradicate motivations to learn, think and discuss. This research does not propose a model of linear progression, but makes the important point that female aspiration grew upon unstable foundations, born out of a complex patchwork of opportunity and obstacle. As a result, it produced uncertain progress. But, where some achieved, others might follow
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Druckenmiller, Jenny D. "Cicero's letters and Roman epistolary etiquette /." Connect to online version of this title in UO's Scholars' Bank, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/5995.
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Flint, Alison Claire. "To the Ladies of Ogston Hall : the epistolary cultures of Nineteenth-Century gentry women of Derbyshire." Thesis, University of Derby, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10545/621896.
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The broad aim of this thesis is to demonstrate that the Victorian letter is more than the sum of its parts. By focusing on the archival collection of a gentry family from Derbyshire, it asserts that the material remains of a nineteenth-century letter are as important as the words and, as such, have a valuable contribution to make to the understanding of letters and letter writing culture of the period. Furthermore, throughout it is demonstrated that the nineteenth-century familial letter was important as an emotional and material object to both the reader and the sender but, as yet, is an undervalued tool in historical research. It argues against the dominant historical trend to read only the text of letters, and in so doing offers a model that can be adopted and adapted to investigate the nineteenth-century letter. The thesis applies James Daybell’s argument that, in order to understand an early modern manuscript, the historian must be directed both to the physical characteristics as well as to the social contexts of its composition, delivery, reception and latterly its archiving. By taking a case study approach, this thesis examines the unpublished nineteenth-century letters of the Turbutt family collection. Each chapter focusses on a particular aspect of letter writing which affords a greater understanding of the nineteenth-century letter as literary culture as well as material culture. Taking this approach uncovers a wide range of uses for the familiar letter and demonstrates that the letter was vital to the nineteenth-century Turbutt women of the Ogston estate. It is demonstrated that the Turbutt women used letters to perform their role as gentry women, to navigate courtship and the emotional and relational divide, and also determine how the letter writer used the material properties to their advantage and, if so, did the material and literary qualities of letters converge to further this. In so doing this thesis bridges the gap between text and materiality, two areas that have tended to be treated separately and, as such, it contributes to the scholarship of letter writing in the nineteenth century as both literary culture and material culture and also to the letter writing culture of nineteenth-century gentry women.
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Koehler, Karin. "A modern Wessex of the 'penny post' : letters and the post in Thomas Hardy's novels." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/6393.
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This thesis examines the use and representation of letters (and other written messages) in Thomas Hardy's novels, and it considers how Hardy's writing engages with Victorian communication technologies. The 1895 Preface to Far from the Madding Crowd describes Hardy's fictional setting as a ‘a modern Wessex of railways, the penny post, mowing and reaping machines, union workhouses, lucifer matches, labourers who could read and write, and National school children'. The penny post, a communication revolution with an enormous social, economic, and cultural impact, was introduced on 10 January 1840, just a few months before Hardy was born. This thesis aims to demonstrate how a consideration of the material, technological and cultural conditions of communication in Victorian England might reshape our understanding of Hardy's novels, especially of the countless letters, notes, and telegrams which permeate his texts. The written messages in Hardy's novels serve as a means for exploring the process of human communication, and the way this process shapes individual identity, interpersonal relationships, and social interactions alike. Chapter I of this thesis relates Hardy's portrayal of letters to the historical transition from oral tradition to written culture. Chapter II enquires into the relationship between letter writing and notions of privacy and publicity in Hardy's novels. Chapters III and IV argue that Hardy uses letters so as to give a strikingly modern complexity to his representation of human subjectivity and intersubjectivity. The two final chapters investigate how the modalities and technological conditions of written communication influence the construction of Hardy's narratives, the design of his plots. Taken together, the six chapters examine Hardy's perception of one of the most fundamental human activities: communication.
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Moon, Jongyoon. "Mark as contributive amanuensis of 1 Peter? An inquiry into Mark's involvement in light of first-century letter writing." Thesis, Pretoria : [S.n.], 2008. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11072008-132646/.
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Slusser, Wayne T. "The structural analysis of Philemon." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2001. http://www.tren.com.
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Kim, Joohan. "The pastoral letter in early Christianity up to the early fifth century C.E." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71901.
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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This dissertation aims to trace a Christian letter tradition, i.e. the pastoral letter type, during the first five centuries of this era. With this in mind I outlined the problem statements, goals, theoretical points of departure, research questions, hypotheses, methodologies and structures in Chapter I of the dissertation. I surveyed the history of modern studies on Greco-Roman epistolography in Chapter II. There I looked at how the study of Christian letters was related to Greco-Roman epistolography and what it contributed to the history of modern study on Greco-Roman epistolography. In the process I also focused on the study of the Christian letter tradition that flourished especially during the middle of the twentieth century. I pointed out some weaknesses in the preceding studies, such as limiting the analysis of letters to certain periods, failure to consider generic features and lack of attention to psychagogical intention. At the end of the chapter I concluded by pointing out what still remains to be done, such as considering a broader range of sources and periods, and paying more attention to how the pastoral letter continued to function during the first five centuries of our era. On the basis of the preceding survey I then focused in Chapter III on the generic features of Greco- Roman hortatory letters and their psychagogical functions to provide the background of a broader hortatory tradition for explaining the generic features and functions of the earliest Christian letters, i.e. the letters in the NT. From this research I concluded that Greco-Roman hortatory letters followed the pattern of common Greco-Roman letters in terms of structural and formal features. However, they not only focused on the guidance or education of the recipients in terms of function, but for effective persuasion the authors also employed various rhetorical devices which are often found in the other genres of hortatory works. In Chapter IV I analysed the letters in the NT in order to show that these letters resonate with the hortatory letters that were composed for psychagogy (viz. pastoral care). Firstly, I focused on the analysis of Paul’s first letter, i.e. 1 Thessalonians, to show that the author of the first Christian letter was as pastor above all concerned with pastoral care, and for effective pastoral care he borrowed from the Greco-Roman hortatory letter tradition. From this analysis I concluded that 1 Thessalonians can be located in the hortatory letter tradition, but has its own distinct character differing from common hortatory letters. These features must have resulted from Paul’s efforts to take care of his believers in the Christian faith. In the remainder of this chapter I analysed the rest of the letters in the NT, considering the outcome of the analysis of 1 Thessalonians together with the broader hortatory tradition. I found that the rest of the letters in the NT could be classed as hortatory letters for the purpose of psychagogy, i.e. pastoral letters, in terms of both their structural and formal features, and of their composition, purpose and function. In Chapter V I analysed a number of selected pastoral letters from early Christian authors. Firstly, I surveyed the history of Christian letters and their authors to provide a general background for this chapter. From these authors and their letters, I chose sixteen pastoral letters from fifteen Christian leaders based on stated criteria, and analysed them, considering both the earliest Christian pastoral letters (viz. the letters in the NT) and the broader Greco-Roman hortatory letter tradition. As a result of this analysis I found that these selected letters had features in common with the earliest Christian pastoral letters, especially in terms of their purpose and function, as well as distinctly Christian characteristics. I then compared the outcome of this analysis with selected letters from non-pastoral Christian letter types (viz. the festal or paschal letter type, the synodic letter type, the papal letter type and the “essay in letter form”). I found that, though the selected pastoral letters and nonpastoral letters had some literary features in common, such as structure and form, and employed rhetorical devices, they nevertheless differed in terms of purposes and function. In the last chapter, Chapter VI, I briefly summarised the entire dissertation
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie proefskrif het ten doel om die bestaan van ’n Christelike brieftradisie, nl. die pastorale brieftipe, in die eerste vyf eeue van hierdie era na te spoor. Vir hierdie doel het ek die probleem- en doelstellings, teoretiese uitgangspunte, navorsingsvraagstukke, hipoteses, metodologieë en strukture van die proefskrif in Hoofstuk I uiteengesit. In Hoofstuk II het ek ’n oorsig gegee van moderne studie oor die Grieks-Romeinse epistolografie. Ek het ook nagevors hoe die studie van Christelike briewe aansluiting vind by die Grieks-Romeinse epistolografie, en watter bydrae hierdie studie tot die ontwikkeling van moderne studie oor die Grieks-Romeinse epistolografie gemaak het. Bykomend hiertoe het ek gefokus op die studie van ’n Christelike brieftradisie wat veral gedurende die middel van die twintigste eeu gefloreer het, en het sekere leemtes in hierdie vooraafgaande studies uitgewys, nl. die feit dat die analise van briewe tot slegs sekere periodes beperk is, en die versuim om generiese eienskappe en pastorale oogmerke in aanmerking te neem. Daarna het ek aan die einde van die hoofstuk aangedui wat nog gedoen behoort te word, soos om ’n breër spektrum van bronne en tydperke te benut, en om aandag te gee aan volgehoue tendense in die teorie en praktyk van psigagogiese briewe gedurende die eerste vyf eeue van hierdie era. In die lig van bogenoemde oorsig het ek in Hoofstuk III gefokus op die generiese eienskappe van Grieks-Romeinse hortatiewe briewe en hulle psigagogiese funksies, om die agtergrond te skets waarteen die generiese eienskappe en funksies van die vroegste Christelike briewe, nl. die briewe in die NT, teen ’n breër hortatiewe tradisie bestudeer kan word. Na aanleiding van hierdie ondersoek het ek tot die slotsom gekom dat Grieks-Romeinse hortatiewe briewe die algemene patroon van Grieks-Romeinse lettere met betrekking tot strukturele en formele eienskappe gevolg het. Nietemin was die funksie daarvan nie net gemik op die voorligting of onderrig van die ontvangers nie, maar die skrywers het ook vir die doel van oorreding verskeie retoriese middels ingespan wat dikwels in ander genres van hortatiewe werke gebruik is. In Hoofstuk IV het ek die briewe in die NT ontleed om aan te toon dat hierdie briewe behoort tot die hortatiewe briewe wat opgestel is vir die doeleindes van psigagogie, d.w.s. pastorale sorg. Eerstens het ek gefokus op die analise van Paulus se eerste sendbrief, nl. 1 Tessalonisense, om uit te wys dat hierdie eerste Christelike skrywer as pastor boweal gemoeid was met pastorale sorg, en vir die doeleindes van effektiewe pasorale sorg deels gesteun het op die Grieks-Romeinse hortatiewe brieftradisie. Uit hierdie analise kon ek aflei at 1 Tessalonisense geskaar kan word by die hortatiewe brieftradisie, maar tog die eiesoortigheid behou waardeur dit verskil van algemene hortatiewe briewe. Hierdie eienskappe moes voortgespruit het uit Paulus se bemoeienis om te sorg vir sy volgelinge in die Christelike geloof. In die daaropvolgende deel van hierdie hoofstuk ontleed ek die ander sendbriewe in die NT teen die agtergrond van die resultate van die analise van 1 Tessalonisense asook die breër hortatiewe tradisie, en geraak tot die gevolgtrekking dat die ander sendbriewe in die NT ook geklassifiseer kan word as hortatiewe briewe vir psigagogie, d.w.s. pastorale briewe, beide wat hulle strukturele en formele eienskappe aanbetref, en die doel van hulle samestelling en funksie. In Hoofstuk V het ek probeer om ’n aantal geselekteerde pastorale briewe van vroeë Christelike skrywers te ontleed. Eerstens het ek die geskiedenis van Christelike briewe en hulle skrywers as algemene agtergrond vir hierdie hoofstuk uitgelig. Uit hierdie skrywers en hulle briewe het ek sestien pastorale briewe van vyftien Christelike skrywers, leiers van mede-Christene, gekies, gebaseer op bepaalde kriteria. Dié het ek geanaliseer teen die agtergrond van die vroegste Christelike pastorale briewe, nl. die briewe in die NT, asook die breër Grieks-Romeinse hortatiewe lettere tradisie. Deur hierdie analise kon ek vasstel dat hierde geselekteerde briewe behalwe hulle Christelike eienskappe ook ooreenkomste met die vroegste Christelike pastorale briewe toon, veral met betrekking tot hulle doel en funksie,. Daarna het ek die resultate van hierdie analise vergelyk met geselekteerde briewe van nie-pastorale Christelike brieftipes, nl. die feesbrief, die sinodale brief, die pouslike brief en die essay in briefformaat. Alhoewel die geselekteerde pastorale briewe en die nie-pastorale briewe ooreenkomste getoon het wat literêre eienskappe soos struktuur, formaat en retoriese gebruike aanbetref, verskil hulle van mekaar in terme van doel en funksie. In die laaste hoofstuk, Hoofstuk VI, word die proefskrif kortliks opgesom
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Tillman, Kacy Dowd. "The epistolary salon : eighteenth and nineteenth century letter writing as a vehicle for female authorship /." Full text available from ProQuest UM Digital Dissertations, 2008. http://0-proquest.umi.com.umiss.lib.olemiss.edu/pqdweb?index=0&did=1800301751&SrchMode=2&sid=11&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1258490937&clientId=22256.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Mississippi, 2008.Typescript. Vita. Major professors: Jaime Harker and Jay Watson "December 2008." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 220-231). Also available online via ProQuest to authorized users.
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Roberts, Ursula Yvonne. "Diderot and the art of letter writing : a literary and rhetorical study of the 'Correspondance'." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/23175.
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The aim of this study is to give a coherent overview of the Correspondence in terms of epistolarity and as a text that is amenable to critical literary analysis in its own right. The Correspondence is analysed in terms of rhetoric. Diderot employs rhetoric to tailor his letters to their addressees. Thus an integral part of letter writing which is examined throughout is the adoption by Diderot of different epistolary personae and the various means of persuasion used. The first chapter is a discussion of the essential historical background needed in order to understand the epistolary form as practised in the eighteenth-century. The second chapter is an introduction to the issues surrounding the publication history of the Correspondence and its various editions. The different genres of letters found in the Correspondence are then examined. These are categorized by using seventeenth and eighteenth-century letter manuals as the basis for the definition of these genres. The focus of the study then moves to a detailed analysis of the letters. The third chapter is a consideration of constant features of the epistolary form and how these relate to Diderot's actual letter writing practice. These constants which appear in most writing about epistolarity are absence, temporal distortion and the creation of epistolary personae. This is followed by a discussion of the letters in terms of sensibility, and the discourse of love and friendship, focusing on the letters to Anne-Toinette Champion, Sophie Volland and Grimm. The discourses of love and friendship are very much interrelated in Diderot's letters. The fifth chapter is an analysis of the different forms of wit and humour in the Correspondence. Wit and humour are another means of reinforcing the reader centred and interactive nature of letters.
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Hayes, Ellis A. "A descriptive study of perceived and assessed business letter writing problems of bankers in branch locations." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37249.
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The study investigated business letter writing problems within the banking profession. It identified difficulties in letter writing aspects that bankers perceive; and it investigated the relationship of those perceived difficulties to assessed deficiency aspects in letters the bankers had written. A literature review revealed studies that addressed origination of business letters. These studies typically utilized either a survey of groups involved with writing or an analysis of completed letters. This raised the question of possible outcomes in combining the two approaches within a work setting.
A Q-sort technique was used to determine perceptions of 15 branch location bankers concerning difficulty of 40 composition and 40 technical letter writing aspects. The bankers ranked the following composition aspects highest in difficulty: legalese; persuasion techniques; refusal conveyance; unfavorable news conveyance; conflict resolution; and direct versus indirect approach. They ranked the following technical aspects highest in difficulty: infinitives (split); sentence syntax; antecedents of pronouns; wordiness (excessive); dangling participles; and preposition usage.
The bankers answered a survey concerning their access to training and instruction in business letter writing. Each banker submitted four recently originated business letters. Composition aspect deficiencies within bankers' submitted letters were assessed by a panel of post secondary business communication instructors. Combined grammar-checking software and researcher screening determined deficiencies for technical aspects of the letters. A total of 900 non-repetitive deficiencies were assessed in the 60 letters submitted -- an average of 15 per letter. comparative percentile rankings showed that perceived difficulties differed most from existing deficiencies in the following aspects: composition -- (perceived difficulties greater) refusal conveyance and euphemisms, (assessed deficiencies greater) sentence construction and letter organizing/structuring; technical -- (perceived difficulties greater) split infinitives and dangling participles, (assessed deficiencies greater) spelling and pronoun usage.Ed. D.
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Cline, Tammy Lynn. "Effects of Training Accurate Component Strokes Using Response Constraint and Self-evaluation on Whole Letter Writing." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2006. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5472/.
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This study analyzed the effects of a training package containing response constraint, self-evaluation, reinforcement, and a fading procedure on written letter components and whole letter writing in four elementary school participants. The effect on accuracy of written components was evaluated using a multiple-baseline-across components and a continuous probe design of components, as well as pre-test, baseline, and post-test measures. The results of this study show that response constraint and self-evaluation quickly improved students' performance in writing components. Fading of the intervention was achieved quickly and performance maintained. Results also show that improvement in component writing improved whole letter and full name writing and letter reversals in the presence of a model were corrected.
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Garibotto, Becky. "Atoning for the past, writing for the future an analysis of Nathaniel Hawthorne's The scarlet letter /." Diss., Connect to the thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10066/3704.
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Tsui, Lik Hang. "Writing letters in Song China (960-1279) : a study of its political, social, and cultural uses." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:804b5526-4607-49d2-a119-de3cad1b0cef.
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Even though there has been no lack of scholarly attention to Chinese epistolary texts as a source of information, discussions of the functions and practices of letter writing in imperial China are very limited. This thesis deals with how elites in Song dynasty (960-1279) China exchanged personal and political information by writing and sending letters to each other, and how the genre of letters functioned in its various forms throughout the socially transformative and culturally active period. Through contextualizing epistolary material - such as letters in manuscript and print form, letter collections, and epistolary manuals, as well as sources in other genres that describe letter writing practices - I explore the multifaceted uses of letter writing for literati officials. The study provides a systematic view of the functions of Song letter writing in political, social, and cultural realms by investigating its complex practices. Using letters in several sub-genres by important literati figures such as Mi Fu, Li Gang, and Sun Di, it illustrates the main aspects of letter writing, including format, rhetoric, topical content, and handwriting. In view of the roles played by letters exchanged among Song scholars, this research on literati correspondence provides a window on how interpersonal relationships were conducted by written exchanges during that period. It also sheds light on how epistolary culture was transformed by the literati community during one of the key periods of Chinese civilization. These insights will contribute to the research of Chinese literati culture and related fields, such as the social history of middle period China, and will also be useful for comparing China's epistolary culture with the world's other letter writing traditions.
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Traxel, Oliver Martin. "Language, writing and textual interference in post-Conquest Old English manuscripts : the scribal evidence of Cambridge, University Library, Ii. 1. 33." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368500.
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Showell, Lorna Jean. "Dear me : exploring the experience of generating self-compassion through letter writing in adults with eating disorders." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/27730.
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Literature Review: The aim of the current literature review was to examine the evidence for expressive writing as an effective intervention in reducing symptoms in those presenting with eating disorders. A systematic search identified eight articles that met the selection criteria and were included in the review. The results suggested that the expressive writing task employed, and the subsequent findings of studies are variable. The review argued that further research is beneficial to determine the effectiveness of writing interventions for individuals with eating disorders and the mechanisms by which they may work. Research Report: Despite previous research acknowledging the prevalence of eating disorders and the difficulties associated with effective interventions, there is currently limited research investigating alternative treatments across eating disorder diagnoses. The aim of the research report was to explore the experiences of adults with eating disorders in generating self-compassion through letter writing. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis was used to analyse the transcripts from seven participant interviews. Three overarching themes emerged: the alien concept; leaving familiarity, letter writing as a journey and finding self-compassion. Implications for eating disorder services were made based on the experiences of these participants. Future research regarding the use of self-compassion is advocated, as well as the suggestion for a transdiagnostic approach. Critical Appraisal: The critical appraisal provides an account of the researcher’s journey and reflections on the research process.
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Cooper, Ian David. "Networks, news and communication : political elites and community relations in Elizabethan Devon, 1588-1603." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1469.
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Focusing on the ‘second reign’ of Queen Elizabeth I (1588-1603), this thesis constitutes the first significant socio-political examination of Elizabethan Devon – a geographically peripheral county, yet strategically central in matters pertaining to national defence and security. A complex web of personal associations and informal alliances underpinned politics and governance in Tudor England; but whereas a great deal is now understood about relations between both the political elite and the organs of government at the centre of affairs, many questions still remain unanswered about how networks of political actors functioned at a provincial and neighbourhood level, and how these networks kept in touch with one another, central government and the court. Consequently, this study is primarily concerned with power and communication. In particular, it investigates and models the interconnected networks of government within late-Elizabethan Devon and explains precisely how the county’s officials (at every level) shared information with the Crown and each other. The raison d’être of this study is, therefore, to probe the character and articulation of the power geometries at the south-western fringe of Elizabethan England. The closing years of the reign of Queen Elizabeth I represent a decisive phase in the evolution of the English nation state, one that saw the appointment of lord lieutenants on a more widespread and long-standing basis, the consistent training of certain sections of the county militias, the expansion of the pre-existing government post-stage service, a heightened degree of dealings between every echelon of administration and an obvious increase in the amount of information that flowed from the localities into the capital. The primary causes of each of these developments were the Elizabethan war with Spain (1585-1604) and the rebellion in Ireland (1594-1603), and it is demonstrated throughout this thesis that Devon, a strategically essential county during this period of political turmoil, provides an excellent case study for evaluating the impact that each had on the Crown’s ability to control the periphery whilst being spatially anchored at the court. Furthermore, by examining each of these developments the thesis fundamentally undercuts the tenacious assertion that geographically marginal regions of Tudor territory were inward-looking, remote and disconnected from events that were unfolding on a national and international level.
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Xavier, Maria Jacinta Freire de Freitas. "O que há na escrita chinesa que nos oriente acerca da instância da letra." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/186083.
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A presente dissertação aborda as relações entre a escrita chinesa e a instância da letra no inconsciente. O estudo aqui compartilhado se propôs a investigar que recursos a escrita chinesa pode oferecer ao psicanalista a fim de aguçar sua prática de leitura da "letra". Para tal, aprofundamos uma rede de conceitos imbricados que suportam essa questão: escrita, significante, letra, lalangue, semblante, poesia. A pesquisa realizada partiu da experiência de análise da pesquisadora, tocada pelos modos de intervenção em uma análise lacaniana. E se acentuou com a leitura d'O Seminário 24 (Lacan, 1976-7) onde consta a proposição lacaniana de que os analistas fossem à escrita poética dos chineses da dinastia Tang, indicando que neste sistema de escrita e no uso que os poetas fazem das letras chinesas haveria algo que pudesse interessar à psicanálise para sua práxis. A fim de cercar nosso objeto a escrita chinesa, vivenciamos a tentativa de aprendizado do mandarim, construímos uma interlocução direta com uma intercambista chinesa no Brasil, e estudamos a obra “L'écriture poétique chinoise”, de François Cheng, indicada por Lacan no “L’insu que sait de l’une-bévue s’aile à mourre” (1976). No que diz respeito ao laço desta pesquisa teórica com a clínica, trouxemos recortes de análises de sonhos e de falas no contexto de situação analítica. Tal percurso nos apontou que, ao escutar um sujeito em análise, além da escuta de seus significantes, deve-se estar atento à dimensão do que é letra, inclusive na sua dimensão visual, para então, quiçá, transpor algo disto para o simbólico.The present dissertation deals with the relations between the chinese writting and the instance of the letter in the unconscious. The study shared here set out to investigate what resources the Chinese writing can offer to the analyst in order to increase his practice of reading of the “letter”. For this, we developed a network of interwoven concepts that support this issue: writing, signifier, letter, lalangue, semblant, poetry. The research started from the analysis experience of the researcher, influenced by the intervention modes in lacanian analysis and was accentuated reading the Seminar XXIV (Lacan, 1976-7), where is presented the lacanian proposition that the analyst should go to the Chinese poetic writing from the Tang Dynasty, indicating that in this writing system and on the use that the poets do of the Chinese writting would be found something that would interest to psychoanalysis for its praxis. In order to surround our object, we experience the attempt of Mandarin learning, as well as established a direct interaction with a Chinese exchange student in Brazil, and we studied the work “L'écriture poétique chinoise” (1977) of Francois Cheng, indicated by Lacan in “L’insu que sait de l’une-bévue s’aile à mourre” (1976). Concerning to the bond of this theoretical research with the clinic, we bring fragments of dream analysis, and speeches in the context of analytical situation. This way show to us that while listening to a subject in analysis, in addition to its significant listening we must be aware of the dimension of what is the letter, including its visual dimension, so than, perhaps, transpose something of it to the symbolic.
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Nucich, Joy Euphemia. "In-depth analysis of the connections between the development of letter-sound correspondence in writing and beginning reading." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31248.
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This research investigates literacy-based behaviors and their development in a Grade One classroom. It examines in detail the strategies children used to make reading and writing connections in emergent literacy. It focuses on one particular stage of writing when children first begin using letters to represent sounds and its relationship to beginning reading in the context of a classroom. Current research on emergent literacy provided the theoretical framework for this study.
The teacher as researcher used a linked case study design to investigate the development of reading and writing in five children within the context of twenty-four children in the Grade One class. The children were observed participating in many varied activities, over a ten month period. To facilitate the collection of detailed descriptions on the case studies another teacher came into the classroom four days a week to assume classroom responsibilities and free the researcher to concentrate on the case study child at this particular level of emergent writing and reading.
Fieldnotes on the direct observations of emergent writing and reading of the case study children formed the primary source of data. The children's writing samples were collected daily along with documentation of their growth in reading. An analysis of the data revealed the observations fell into the categories of initial letter strategy, children's literature, literacy play and collaborative talk. These categories seemed particularly significant because they were observed so frequently across all case studies. The results of the study isolate the use of the initial letter strategy as a significant developmental marker and an important connection between reading and writing which signals a critical time in a child's developing awareness of literacy. Additional findings highlighted the use of names and children's literature as reading/writing connections.
The study concludes by presenting practical implications for instruction and the educational context which may be useful for classroom teachers.Education, Faculty of
Language and Literacy Education (LLED), Department of
Graduate
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Kerry, Gilbert. "Letter-writing theory in the literary scene : Angel Day, The English Secretary, and authorship in early modern England." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2015. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6282/.
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This thesis focuses on epistolary theory in early modern England. There are a few studies of Elizabethan and Jacobean letter-writing manuals to date, though scholars typically use chronological analyses of instructional texts printed between 1568-1640. However, the methodology of this dissertation departs considerably from earlier studies. Rather than study many texts chronologically, I focus on one: Angel Day’s The English Secretary. Day’s manual, printed nine times in fifty years, was the most popular of its time. I use these editions– many of them heavily revised – to trace developments of epistolary theory. This approach necessitates a two-part methodology: bibliographical analysis and textual criticism. Before examining The English Secretary as a letter-writing text, I take up the manual, and its nine editions, using principles of bibliography to locate the revisions that Day made to his manual. Once I locate his revisions, I use textual analysis to determine their signification. In so doing, I reappraise the critical consensus about Day’s manual. It reveals that Day, typically cast as a proto-epistolary novelist or pre-Richardson Richardson, did not write as a literary author. Rather, he wrote in turns as a government servant and professional – the approved roles of a writer in Elizabethan literary culture. This newly informs the purpose of Day’s manual, as well as epistolary theory: letter-writing instruction at this time did not preview the emergence of the epistolary novel but maintained a civic, professional, and social function in early modern England.
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How, James. "Imaginations of epistolary spaces : developments in letter writing between the foundation of the Post Office and Richardson's Clarissa." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/22325.
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This thesis discusses key qualitative developments in the history of letter writing that took place as a direct result of the introduction - during the revolutionary Interregnum - of a national postal service available to the general public. An examination is made of repeated and vivid imaginations after this date of what can be termed epistolary spaces, which are a consequence of the newly regulated, mostly reliable, but governmentally controlled gaps in time between addressers and addressees of letters. These imaginations, analogous to the cyberspaces of our own era, are seen to be fuelled by increasingly cheaper, faster, and more efficient postal services developed throughout the period. They are by no means utopian spaces, however, and often become the scenes of strife and surveillance. The thesis demonstrates the existence of such imaginations by means of a detailed study of five real correspondences and of the fictional letters that constitute Samuel Richardson's novel Clarissa; or the History of a Young Lady (1747-8). Attention is paid to what epistolary spaces in these letters are like; how they are set up; and how maintained. They are variously seen as an arena in which vicariously to explore the new urban culture of London in Dorothy Osborne's Letters to Sir William Temple (1652-4); as a courtly enclave in the diplomatic letters of the dramatist Sir George Etherege (1685-89); as a venue within which to champion the cause of the Walpolian Whigs in Lady Mary Wortley Montagu's Turkish Embassy Letters (1716-18); as an aristocratic redoubt in the correspondence between two retired courtiers of the reign of George II, the Countesses of Hertford and Pomfret (1738-41); and as an equivalent of the aristocratic levee in the impoverished clergyman Lucius Henry Hibbins's letters to the Duke of Newcastle (1741-58). The investigation of such spaces is often of great social, cultural, and political interest and it is in these terms that the letters are read. Finally, the artistic achievement of Richardson's greatest novel is seen to have been aided by almost a century of imaginations of epistolary spaces; which are shown also to be found in the fictional letters of Clarissa Harlowe, Anna Howe, and Robert Lovelace.
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Sogno, Cristiana. "Q. Aurelius Symachus a political career between Senate and court /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2002. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/81283934.html.
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Reynolds, Kathleen Marie. "Sickness in correspondence : gentry letter writing and the subject of health in eighteenth-century Yorkshire, County Durham, and Northumberland." Thesis, Durham University, 2018. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/12584/.
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This study uses eighteenth-century gentry correspondence from Yorkshire, County Durham, and Northumberland to investigate how letter writers discussed sickness and managed medical treatments in the home. Letter writers went beyond expressions of concern and reassurances of good health in correspondence by providing details about the experience of falling ill, diagnosing conditions, choosing treatments, and caring for their sick relatives. The extent of household medical work in the eighteenth century is an understudied topic compared to earlier centuries. This thesis redresses the lacuna in research by analyzing caregiving, medical knowledge, and medical expertise to reconsider the structure of household medicine and the extent to which the household functioned autonomously during illness. The chapters can be envisioned as a series of thematic concentric circles. Beginning with the bodies of letter writers and their families (Chapter Two), each chapter expands its focus to wider elements of household health and covers caregiving practices (Chapter Three) and medical knowledge (Chapter Four). Chapter Five justifies how the household could be a site of medical expertise which simultaneously paid for medical care by introducing a sociological model which allows for the coexistence of experts with differing but complimentary expertises. Interactions with paid practitioner are the subject of Chapter Six. This thesis also explores continuity and change in medical and gendered behaviour over the eighteenth-century. Arguments about domestic healing as a female activity are mediated by the clear interest and involvement of their male relatives, and the emphasis on coexistence and cooperation between genders. Mediating between the survival of medical practice, the change in medical theories, and the gradual decreasing interest in discussing caregiving practices through correspondence allows this thesis to position the eighteenth-century household between earlier histories of household medicine and the spread of hospital medicine in the nineteenth century.
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Rautio, P. (Pauliina). "Writing about everyday beauty in a northern village:an argument for diversity of habitable places." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2010. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514263194.
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Abstract The two rhetorical approaches to Finnish Lapland are the mythical and the miserable produced in the realms of tourism and politics respectively. The locals comply with neither. In this research the notion of beauty is used in seeking to understand how life is perceived as good-enough by particular villagers of a remote northern village. The scope of this research is novel theoretically and methodologically. The combination of everyday life aesthetics and education outside of institutional art education is rare and the method of data collection, collective correspondence, is created for the purposes of this research. Education is approached in this research as our perpetual growing in everyday life. Education and aesthetics receive support from sociology and human geography as well as environmental ethics. The theoretical frame leans on Ludwig Wittgenstein's notions of language use: language is woven into the actions of ordinary life, used not only to describe but to act on and transform the world. The objectives of this research in brief are to 1) complement art-centered definitions of the notion of beauty, 2) argue for the significance of diversity of habitable places, and 3) to contribute positively to the prevailingly negative research rhetoric on life in northern Finnish villages. These objectives are tackled with research tasks unfolding as descriptive, interpretative and methodological respectively: 1) of what kind is perceived beauty in everyday life led in a small northern village? 2) What is the significance of considering beauty in everyday life? 3) What kind of data does correspondence yield on perceived beauty? There are four women participating in this research. They exchanged letters on the topic of everyday beauty once a month for a year. Together they comprise a group that varies in ages, education, employment, family structures and the length of stay in the village. What they share is a view of their home village as a good-enough place to live in. The main data consists of 44 letters supplemented by 10 interviews. The letters have been read as one correspondence and as four individual sets of letters. Recurring themes, the temporal and spatial evolving of them as well as the performative aspects of writing have been addressed. Beauty has been found to reside in an iterative linguistic process rather than fixed in objects or even themes. Beauty articulates condensations of significant relations the perceiving individual holds in her life. As such beauty in everyday life is relational, active and pertains to steering of one's life. The ability to relate to the environment in which you live in a personally meaningful and creative way is found to be facilitated by an environment of diversity. Rather than keeping the rural North habited I argue for ensuring that it is habitable for those who wish to live there. This means realizing that people craft good-enough lives in different ways relative to their everyday life environmentsTiivistelmä Lapista puhutaan kahdella tavalla, joista kumpikaan ei tavoita täysin lappilaisten itsensä arkikokemusta: Lappia värittää paikkana joko myyttisyys tai kurjuus. Näitä kahta kuvaa ylläpitävät pääasiassa turismi ja politiikka. Tässä tutkimuksessa käytetään ilmausta "kaunis" yritettäessä ymmärtää elämää pohjoisessa pienkylässä riittävän hyväksi koettuna. Tutkimus on sekä teoreettisesti että metodologisesti monitieteinen ja uutta luova. Arjen estetiikan ja kasvatustieteen yhdistäminen taidekasvatuksen sisältöalueen ulkopuolella on harvinaista. Tutkimuksessa on käytetty aineistonkeruumenetelmänä kirjeenvaihtoa, ja erityisesti sen kollektiivista muotoa, joka on kehitetty tätä tutkimusta varten. Tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan kasvatustieteen avulla arkeen kietoutuvaa kasvua ihmisenä. Sosiologia, kulttuurimaantiede ja ympäristöetiikka täydentävät kasvatustiedettä ja estetiikkaa. Tutkimuksen teoreettinen viitekehys nojaa Ludwig Wittgensteinin huomioihin kielen käytöstä arjessa. Kieli on kietoutunut arjen toimintoihin ja on käytössä paitsi maailman kuvaamisessa myös sen muuttamisessa. Tutkimuksen tavoitteet ovat lyhyesti: 1) laajentaa "kauniin" taidemaailmaan nojautuvaa määrittelyä, 2) argumentoida ihmisen elinympäristöjen monimuotoisuuden puolesta sekä 3) täydentää lähtökohtaisesti positiivisella tutkimusotteella pohjoisen pienkylien elämästä tuotettua pääosin negatiivista tutkimusretoriikkaa. Tavoitteita lähestytään kolmella tutkimustehtävällä, jotka jakaantuvat kuvailevaksi, tulkinnalliseksi ja metodologiseksi. Tutkimustehtävät ovat: 1) minkälaista on kaunis pohjoisen pienkylän arjessa? 2) Mitä merkitystä on kauniin pohtimisella arjessa? 3) Minkälaista aineistoa kirjeenvaihto tuottaa kauneudesta? Tutkimukseen on osallistunut neljä naista. Jokainen heistä on kirjoittanut kirjeitä kauneudesta arjessaan ja vaihtanut kirjeitä kerran kuussa vuoden ajan. Naisten iät, koulutustaustat, työllisyystilanteet, perherakenteet sekä kylässä asuttu aika vaihtelevat. Heitä yhdistää näkemys kotikylästään riittävän hyvänä asuinpaikkana. Tutkimuksen pääasiallinen aineisto koostuu 44 kirjeestä, joita täydentää kymmenen haastattelua. Kirjeaineisto on luettu sekä yhtenä kirjeenvaihtona että neljänä osana, kunkin osallistujan kirjeet erikseen. Kirjeistä on tavoiteltu toistuvia teemoja ja näiden ajallista ja tilallista muotoutumista. Lisäksi kirjoituksia on pohdittu harkittuina esityksinä. Kaunis on todettu jatkuvaksi itseään korjaavaksi kielelliseksi prosessiksi sen sijaan, että se olisi paikantunut kiinteästi esineisiin, asioihin tai edes teemoihin. Arjen kaunis kiinnittyy kunkin elämässä merkityksellisiin suhteisiin. Kielellisenä prosessina kaunis ilmentää aktiivista ja luovaa toimijuutta ja liittyy elämän ohjailemiseen. Monimuotoisuus tukee kykyä muodostaa ja tiedostaa merkityksellisiä ja luovia suhteita elinympäristöön. Sen sijaan, että tutkimuksessa argumentoitaisiin pohjoisten kylien asuttamisen puolesta tutkimus esittää että pienkylien asuttavuus tulisi turvata sellaisille jotka haluavat asua kylissä. Tämä edellyttää ymmärrystä siitä, että ihmiset tekevät elämästään riittävän hyvää laadullisesti eri tavoilla erilaisissa ympäristöissä
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Veneziani, Enrico. "The ecclesiology of the papacy of Honorius II (1124-1130), with a preliminary calendar of letters." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/12681.
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This thesis analyses the idea of the Church adopted by the papacy of Honorius II (1124-1130), a pontificate hitherto overlooked by most historians. The main sources, examined with a particular focus on language and context, are the extant letters produced by the papal chancery, which present the official Roman view. A preliminary calendar of the letters is compiled here for the first time and is intended as a tool for future research. Chronicles and other sources are also used to expand the analysis. The first section explores the papacy's theoretical assertions of primacy over the whole Church and the innovations of the chancery led by Haimeric (1123-1141). It argues that this pontificate added a degree of novelty to ideas already in use (such as the maternal role of the Roman church) but also made new and stronger claims for the papal office. Chapter two considers the consequences of these claims on papal relations with other ecclesiastical institutions and the tools Honorius resorted to when asserting his primacy. It concludes that some of these – especially papal legates – were adapted to the pope's needs or achieved an even more significant role during this papacy, allowing Honorius to exercise a certain pragmatic primacy over the whole Church. Chapter three deals with relations with secular powers. Although this is afflicted by a serious dearth of letters – the silences of Honorius - the chapter demonstrates that it is still possible to recreate some sense of the modus operandi towards secular powers. It argues that the papacy was usually responsive and its actual power quite limited. The last section offers a case study of Honorius's relations with Montecassino. Compared with two almost contemporary cases at Cluny and Farfa, this exposes how the ecclesiology of this papacy worked in detail. It argues that these episodes should be read together as a papal attempt to assert primacy over institutions which had always pursued a policy independent from Rome. The image emerging from this analysis frames Honorius's papacy more effectively, overturning the idea of a transitional and colourless pope. This was a vital pontificate, during which some significant innovations and claims were made. In particular, by adapting the content of each letter to addressee and context, Honorius's chancery, led by Haimeric, played a decisive role in extending the ecclesiology of the papacy.
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Alves, Rafaela Brandão. "A experiência estética na escrita: diálogo entre Lacan e Benjamin." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/6923.
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This work aims to investigate the possible relations between the concept of letter, proposed by Lacan, and the concept of allegory, as thought of by Benjamin, and thus reflect upon the possibility of dialogue between these two theorists regarding the aesthetics in writing. The main objective, therefore, is to discuss the aesthetics experienced in writing, be it through the reading of a poem or a novel, or through the very act of writing. This discussion will visit two theoretical fields – philosophy and psychoanalysis –, in order to promote agreements and/or disagreements between such theories. The research is theoretical-reflexive, which means there was an analysis work carried out upon a bibliographical basis, where we traced the productions that hold the central concepts to reach the objectives of this discussion, which are letter, in Lacan, and allegory, in Benjamin. Thus, if the experience with writing induces the body in a way that often extrapolates the borders of language and makes us objects of our own experiences, we can deduce that the aesthetics with the letter is granted both in the beginning of the speaker’s life as well as in the productions held by the letter. It can be concluded that if jouissance is what pours out of the inscription of lalangue in the body – inscription that leaves the stroke of the letter as a trace –, it can be thought of in its proximity with the pleasure/pain in the writing of this letter. That reflection leads us to conjecture that this qualitative experience with the letter can be interpreted as an aesthetic experience of jouissance, one that is a consequence of this letter. The allegorical writing thought of by Benjamin meets the writing discussed by Lacan, for both cause the decentralization of the person who opens oneself to the experience, whether with dialectical images or the letter.
O presente trabalho se propõe a investigar as possíveis relações entre o conceito de letra, proposto por Lacan, e o conceito de alegoria, pensado por Benjamin, e, assim, refletir sobre a possibilidade de diálogo entre os dois pensadores com relação à estética na escrita. O objetivo central, portanto, é discutir a estética experienciada na escrita, seja através da leitura de uma poesia ou de um romance, ou no próprio ato de escrita. Esta discussão será realizada visitando campos teóricos diferentes – a filosofia e a psicanálise, – com o intuito de promover encontros e/ou desencontros entre tais teorias. A pesquisa é teórico-reflexiva, o que significa dizer que foi feito um trabalho de análise sobre a base bibliográfica, na qual foram rastreadas as produções que abarcam os conceitos centrais para se alcançar os objetivos desta discussão, quais sejam: letra, em Lacan, e alegoria, em Benjamin. Assim, se a experiência com a escrita provoca o corpo de modo a, muitas vezes, extrapolar as bordas da linguagem e fazer-nos objetos de nossas próprias experiências, pode-se inferir que a estética com a letra é franqueada tanto nos primórdios da vida do falante como também nas produções em que a letra é seu suporte. Conclui-se que se o gozo é o que escorre à inscrição de lalíngua no corpo – inscrição que deixa como marca o traço da letra –, ele pode ser pensando em sua proximidade com isso que é prazer/dor da escrita dessa letra. Isso nos leva a conjecturar que essa experiência qualitativa com a letra pode ser interpretada como uma experiência estética do gozo, um gozo consequente dessa letra. A escrita alegórica pensada por Benjamin se encontra com a escrita pensada por Lacan, pois ambas provocam o descentramento daquele que se abre à experiência, seja com as imagens dialéticas, seja com a letra.
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Durūbī, Samīr Maḥmūd Ibn Faḍl Allāh al-ʻUmarī Aḥmad ibn Yaḥyá. "A critical edition of and study on Ibn Faḍl Allāh's manual of secretaryship "al-Taʻrīf bi'l-muṣṭalaḥ al-sharīf"." [al-Karak, Jordan] : Publications of the Deanship of Research and Graduate Studies, Muʼtah Univ, 1992. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/28875336.html.
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Gaudin, Denys. "Ecriture et voix : clinique du recours à l'écrit chez des sujets psychotiques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0021.
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Nous traitons la question d’un rapport entre écriture et voix dans la clinique des psychoses. A l’appui des témoignages de sujets psychotiques, sujets disant écrire ce qui survient sous forme de voix, nous interrogeons les ressorts et les enjeux de ce passage à la lettre. Revenant sur la clinique de l’hallucination, nous détaillons ce que les sujets psychotiques nous enseignent sur les mécanismes impliqués dans l’instant de la voix hallucinée. Suivant ce fil, nous mettons en valeur la dimension de jouissance inhérente à la voix. Dans un second temps, nous nous penchons plus spécifiquement sur les pratiques d’écriture des sujets rencontrés, pratiques où il s’agit de noter, d’arrimer sur papier ce que les voix font entendre. Suivant les pistes annoncées par nos patients, nous questionnons la fonction régulatrice d’une pratique de la lettre. Pour ce faire, nous reprenons les conceptions lacaniennes de la lettre comme « littoral » ou comme « godet ». De même, les propos de nos patients nous mènent à interroger en quoi l’écriture pourrait permettre de « faire partir » la voix, en quoi elle ferait le moyen d’un détachement. Les œuvres et les témoignages d’écrivains nous donnent l’occasion de pousser plus avant notre questionnement, d’arpenter les domaines où, toujours, l’artiste précède le clinicien. Ainsi, nous revenons sur les travaux de James Joyce, de Louis Wolfson et, surtout, de Samuel Beckett. Nous nous penchons sur les indications qu’ils nous livrent au sujet d’un nouage entre écriture et voix. L’objet de notre recherche est de mettre à l’épreuve l’hypothèse selon laquelle, dans la clinique des psychoses, le recours à l’écrit peut relever d’un traitement de la voixWe examine the issue of a link between voice and writing in psychosis. Relying on psychotic subjects who say they write what they hear through voices, we study the nature of this shifting from voice to letter. As a first step, we specify what we mean by voice. We detail what psychotic subjects teach us about the mechanisms involved in the moment of the hallucinated voice. By doing so, we point out the part of jouissance involved in voice.As a second step, we focus on their writing practices, the moment when they take note, when they put down on paper what they hear through voices. We endeavour to elucidate the issues of this movement. We are led to examine the regulating function of writing. Therefore, we refer to the lacanian concept of letter as « littoral » or « godet ». Moreover, patients’ words led us to specify how writing could be a way to make the voice “go away”, a way to separate. The works and the testimonies of writers lead us to go on exploring a field where the artist always precedes the clinician. We refer to James Joyce, to Louis Wolfson, and especially, to Samuel Beckett’s works. We try to grasp the indications they give about a link between voice and writing. The purpose is to test the hypothesis which states that, in psychosis, the use of writing can be a way to treat the voice
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Zhang, Yanhua, and 张燕华. "A comparative study of modern practical writing in juniorsecondary school Chinese textbooks in mainland China, Hong Kong andTaiwan." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45154272.
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