Academic literature on the topic 'Letter writing – Rome – History'
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Journal articles on the topic "Letter writing – Rome – History"
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Tuyte, Ye. "Development history and social role of writing." Bulletin of the Karaganda University. Philology series 101, no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2020ph4/60-66.
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Writing is very important for human society. This is the highest indicator of cultural development. Writing provides linguistic communication between people. For many centuries man has been using writing to communicate with each other. It helps to connect people who are from each other both at close and at a great distance. The article examines the problem of the origin of writing in the history of mankind, the history of the formation and development of the known types of writing, as well as its social role (functions). The article reveals the issues of the process of improving writing: its meaning in the development of society, the main stages of its formation. The letter has a long and complex history of its development, which covers a period of several thousand years. Therefore, the article determines the place of pictographic, ideographic, syllabic and letter psychology in meeting social needs. of its time. The writing of the peoples of the world has developed along different paths, the writing of each language of the world has its own characteristics that distinguish it from all other types of written speech. The article covers in detail such issues as the approximate time of the origin of writing, the causes and foundations of its occurrence, i.e. the factors that influenced its emergence, as well as the first users of writing, the form of the first writing, its evolutionary development over time, existing today types and signs of writing. The issues of the alphabet that caused the origin of writing (writing), the first sounds and types of Phoenician writing, its improvement, Greek and Aramaic writing, which caused the origin of the alphabet of the countries of the West and the East, problems of the science of descriptiveness — the problem of graphics, spelling, transcription and transliteration are considered.
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Küster, Marc Wilhelm. "Writing Beyond the Letter." TMG Journal for Media History 19, no. 2 (December 9, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.18146/2213-7653.2016.262.
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The ability to write, hence to preserve and share arbitrary words and thoughts, was one of the most important breakthroughs in the history of mankind. It laid the technological basis for what we perceive today as culture, science and, in good part, economy. Nonetheless, writing can encompass much more than just words, and this is an integral, but often overlooked part of it. Until very recently, writing was necessarily bound to the physical medium on which it was written or into which it was inscribed. The physicality of the medium interacted with and often enhanced the purely textual message. These features, which go beyond the encoding of words, are the secondary characteristics of writing systems. They include, but are not limited to typography, and often serve, consciously or not, the transmission of additional messages beyond the purely textual content. If the study of writing itself is still largely in its infancy, this is even more true for the study of secondary characteristics, which is an integral part of grammatology. Beginning with a taxonomy of these secondary characteristics, this article looks in more detail at two non-typographical characteristics, namely ordering and punctuation. This short sketch of a cultural history of ordering and punctuation begins with the role of ordering in the initial invention of writing over its use across the millennia. It ends with the contemporary use of special punctuation marks to encode emotions.
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Becker, Eve-Marie. "Das introspektive Ich des Paulus nach Phil 1–3: Ein Entwurf." New Testament Studies 65, no. 3 (May 2, 2019): 310–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0028688519000043.
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This article interprets Paul's self-reflections in Phil 1 in light of the most current discourse about the ‘(introspective) self’ in antiquity: it is argued that Paul – in his last letter writing during his final imprisonment (in Rome?) – offers insights into his ‘inner self’ by construing the reflective mode of introspection. Similar to how ancient philosophers – such as Seneca in his letters – develop introspection when dealing/coping with the expectatio mortis, Paul too, in Phil 1–3, has to respond to his expectation of his pending death. While Phil 1.21–6 – which is to be read in the frame of chapters 1–3 – reflects Paul's situation highly individually and autobiographically, ancient philosophical introspective speaking modes in general tend to remain generic. In its ‘autobiographical consolidation’ Phil 1.21–6 is also to be seen in a ‘contrastive analogy’ to Rom 7.
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Mamadaliyeva, Susana. "Aesthetic function of literature and the mission of letters in stories." Общество и инновации 2, no. 4/S (May 20, 2021): 827–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.47689/2181-1415-vol2-iss4/s-pp827-832.
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Letters serve as a valuable source for studying not only the life and work of writers and critics, but also the period, history, reasons for writing, and the secrets of a particular work with all its contradictions. Alisher Navoi's letters to Munshaot have their own peculiarities, and their lack of study in Uzbek literature makes it necessary to study this topic. This determines the relevance of the topic we have chosen. To achieve this goal, the following tasks have been identified: to explain the nature and peculiarities of the letter genre; Determining the place of the letter in the works of AlisherNavoi; give different classifications of letters; to determine the place of the letters of the great poet in the life of that period; study the goals, objectives, scope of the letter genre; It is to reveal the significance of Navoi's letters. To show the role of the genre in the development of AlisherNavoi and classical literature on the basis of analysis, research, to give certain generalized conclusions.
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De Toni, Francesco. "Expressing friendship in letters: Conventionality and sincerity in the multilingual correspondence of nineteenth-century Catholic churchmen." Multilingua 39, no. 1 (January 28, 2020): 33–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/multi-2018-0133.
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AbstractThe relationship between the polite and conventional nature of friendly language and the sincerity of the writer’s feelings is a central topic in linguistic and historical research on friendship in epistolary communication. This relationship can be understood in the context of the emotional values and conventionalised emotional practices that characterise the writer’s emotional community.The language of friendship has a significant role in the history of letter writing in religious communities. However, epistolary and emotional practices among religious groups in the modern era remain a rather unexplored filed of research. In this regard, the nineteenth century is of particular interest, as it saw the consolidation of sincerity as a central notion in European standards of letter writing.Bringing together historical pragmatics and the history of emotions, this paper describes the forms and functions of sincerity in the negotiation of friendships between nineteenth-century Catholic churchmen. The article analyses a corpus of letters in Italian and Spanish from the multilingual correspondence of European Benedictine missionaries in Australia between the 1850s and the 1890s. The results of the analysis show that sincerity and emotional self-disclosure, while dependent on the pragmatic conventions of letter writing, belonged to cross-linguistic cultural scripts typical of religious communities.
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van der Wal, Marijke. "The black box of delegated writing: Early Modern scribes and female literacy in The Netherlands." Journal of Historical Sociolinguistics 7, no. 2 (October 1, 2021): 303–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jhsl-2020-0018.
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Abstract Apart from literacy rates and reading and writing acquisition, the actual writing practices of the past, which include the phenomenon of delegated writing, belong to a history of literacy. Delegated writing occurred when illiterate or partly literate individuals wanted to keep in contact with relatives at a distance and had to rely on the assistance of professional or social scribes. The details of this process and the role played by the sender of a letter and its actual, usually unknown, scribe often remain unclear, although different scenarios may be assumed. Cultural historian Lyons explored scenarios for delegated writing in France, Italy and Spain in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, focusing on the writing of ordinary people during the First World War and in the age of mass migration. For the Dutch language area, we have the opportunity to delve further back in time by exploring the late-seventeenth-century part of the Letters as Loot (LAL) corpus. This corpus previously allowed us to establish linguistic differences between autographs and non-autographs. For a detailed view of the delegated writing process, however, the LAL corpus also provides us with instances of two types of letters written by the same, identified, female scribes: their own letters and the letters they wrote for others. A comparative analysis of these different letters will be shown to contribute to opening the black box of Early Modern delegated writing.
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Freudenburg, Kirk. "Recusatioas Political Theatre: Horace's Letter to Augustus." Journal of Roman Studies 104 (February 19, 2014): 105–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s007543581300124x.
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AbstractAmong the most potent devices that Roman emperors had at their disposal to disavow autocratic aims and to put on display the consensus of ruler and ruled was the artful refusal of exceptional powers, orrecusatio imperii. The practice had a long history in Rome prior to the reign of Augustus, but it was Augustus especially who, over the course of several decades, perfected therecusatioas a means of performing his hesitancy towards power. The poets of the Augustan period were similarly well practised in the art of refusal, writing dozens of poeticrecusationesthat purported to refuse offers urged upon them by their patrons, or by the greater expectations of the Augustan age, to take on projects. It is the purpose of this paper to put the one type of refusal alongside the other, in order to show to what extent the refusals of the Augustan poets are informed not just by aesthetic principles that derive, most obviously, from Callimachus, but by the many, high-profile acts of denial that were performed as political art by the emperor himself.
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Heinemann, Julia. "Motion Pictures of the Royal Family." French Historical Studies 44, no. 2 (April 1, 2021): 191–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00161071-8806426.
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Abstract This article explores the role of letter writing in the political practice of the French royal family. By focusing on the use of letters exchanged by Henri III, François d'Anjou, and Catherine de’ Medici between 1574 and 1584, it analyzes how both kinship relations and notions of royal authority were negotiated and intertwined by letter. In a dynamic communication process, the correspondents discussed and framed familial relationships and political concepts. The letters were read, seen, and heard by a broader audience at court, thus transcending modern categories such as public and private, formal and informal, or intimate and official. The article argues that the correspondence produced specific, sometimes opposing pictures of the royal family that were supposed to be visible. This use of letters shaped social relations and political processes during the Wars of Religion in early modern France. Cet article traite du rôle de la correspondance dans les pratiques politiques de la famille royale française. En me concentrant sur l'usage des lettres par Henri III, François d'Anjou et leur mère Catherine de Médicis dans les années 1574–84, j'analyse comment les correspondants négocient ensemble les relations de parenté et les concepts politiques. La discussion et la modélisation de cette conception familiale de l'autorité royale par les lettres sont partie prenante d'un processus de communication dynamique. La fonction de ces lettres est d’être lues, vues et entendues à la cour. Ce faisant, cette communication outrepasse les divisions « modernes » entre le privé et le public, le formel et l'informel ou encore l'intime et l'officiel. Cet usage de l’écrit est spécifique aux relations sociales et aux processus politiques pendant les guerres de Religion à l’époque moderne.
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Долгова, Е. А., Н. А. Дмитриева, and Ю. Штольценберг. ""I am at your disposal": a letter from Karl Lamprecht to Nikolai Kareev, 1914." Диалог со временем, no. 77(77) (November 29, 2021): 368–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.21267/aquilo.2021.77.77.026.
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В публикации реконструируется малоизвестная часть биографии Н.И. Кареева (1850–1931), связанная с пятинедельным пребыванием на территории Германии в на-чале Первой мировой войны. В центре публикации – письмо К. Лампрехта Н.И. Карееву, написанное в июле 1914 г. и выявленное в Научно-исследовательском отделе рукописей РГБ. Поводом к написанию письма для Н.И. Кареева стало обращение за помощью в содействии/протекции по вопросу возвращения на родину. Письмо вносит дополнительные ноты в изучение роли личных контактов ученых. Публикуется оригинал письма и перевод текста с немецкого языка. This article reconstructs a little-known part of the biography of Nikolay I. Kareev (1850-1931), associated with a five-week stay in Germany at the beginning of the First World War.. In the center of the publication is a letter from Karl Lamprecht to Nikolay Kareev, written in July 1914 and identified in the Research Department of Manuscripts of the Russian State Library. The reason for writing a letter to Kareev was to ask for help in promoting / protecting the issue of returning to the homeland. The letter adds additional notes to the study of the role of personal contacts of scientists and should be taken into account when reconstructing the scientific biography of Russian and German professors. The original letter and the translation of the text from the German language are published.
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Choy, Renie. "Seeking Meaning Behind Epistolary Clichés: Intercessory Prayer Clauses in Christian Letters." Studies in Church History 48 (2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424208400001200.
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The letter, as the format of twenty-one of the twenty-seven documents in the canonical New Testament, is arguably the literary form which has played the most significant role in the history of Christianity. But scholars have often been troubled by how to treat the conventions framing Christian letters: since little of Christian literature from its earliest time to the medieval period escapes the influence of classical traditions of rhetoric, can constant epistolary formulas be taken as expressions of genuine sentiment? In fact, it is precisely because the lines between classical influence and Christian innovation are so difficult to make out that E. R. Curtius was able to argue that the humility formula of medieval charters, for so long assumed to have originated in Paul, was in fact a pagan Hellenistic prototype like scores of other rhetorical conventions. His study of the formula serves, Curtius writes, to ‘furnish a warning against making the Middle Ages more Christian or more pious than it was’, and to demonstrate that ‘a constant literary formula must not be regarded as the expression of spontaneous sentiment’. So the entrenchment of rhetoric in letter-writing is often set in opposition to genuine Christian feeling, commonplace utterance against living expression, empty verbiage against religious sincerity.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Letter writing – Rome – History"
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Cruse, Julia. "Gentry identity and the politics of vernacular letter writing in the fifteenth century." Thesis, University of Kent, 2014. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/50558/.
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The individual authorial voice of the late-medieval gentry letter-writer as heard in the context of private, familial or public land disputes is the focus of this thesis. It uses as its main sources two fifteenth-century letter collections which arise out of legal challenges: the Armburgh Roll and the letters of John Shillingford, a mayor of Exeter. The Armburgh Roll, c.1417-c.1453, focuses on a disputed inheritance claim and the affairs of the claimants Joan Armburgh and her husband Robert. The Shillingford letters detail a public dispute between the city of Exeter and the ecclesiastical authorities in the 1440s. The aim of this thesis is to further the understanding of the social and cultural attitudes of the fifteenth-century gentry through the analysis of the language and composition of their personal writings as well as to advance the historiographical appreciation of those gentry letters where they were written within the framework of conflict. It is both the deployment of a literary line of enquiry and a comparative study of the language, content and context of the letters that comprises the main strands of the study. It shows how by ‘reading between the lines’ and examining the individuality of the texts it is possible to reveal the thought processes that sit behind the individual writers’ words and therefore to gain a greater insight into the literate gentry strata. It demonstrates the importance of examining the letters with the emphasis on the politics of the writing which in turn reveals the emotional engagement that the individual gentry writer had with his or her own writing. Primarily, the thesis argues that by appraising the personal writings of the gentry with the emphasis on the creation of the texts against an appreciation of the complex ideological beliefs and concepts of the late-medieval period we can develop our understanding of gentry close personal relationships which in turn enables us to add to our knowledge of that important land-owning class and its evolving social hierarchy.
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Everitt, Charles Kingston. "Eloquence as profession and art : the use of the ars dictaminis in the letters of Gilbert Stone and his contemporaries c1300-c1450." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1986. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:69a69618-50df-4f27-8291-98546df046eb.
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This thesis is a study of the use of the ars dictaminis (the art of letter-writing) in fourteenth and early fifteenth century England. It has three aims: firstly to examine the extent to which the ars was an integral and important part of professional administration, ecclesiastical and secular; secondly to describe the nature of eloquent epistolary composition and compare this to the traditional requirements of the ars; and thirdly to investigate in the context of the preceding discussion the relationship between medieval rhetoric, middle English literature and renaissance humanism. The well documented career of Gilbert Stone, an episcopal chancellor, is used to initiate a wider investigation into those of his secretarial contemporaries. There is no evidence in later medieval England of a highly self conscious secretarial profession nor of a cult of eloquence. Letter collections point however to the importance of form and style, and an examination of their contents suggests that the rules of the ars. and particularly of the cursus, were used, adapted and developed, sometimes in quite routine documents, but more especially in 'eloquent' letters of persuasion. The ars, it is argued, was more vibrant, flexible and appropriate to its context than later critics have imagined. The ars, notably through Thomas Hoccleve, exercised an influence on poetic form and style; and even in a case such as that of Chaucer where there was not such a strong direct influence, it is possible that the ars may be seen as part of a complex conditioning literary environment. Finally the professional-literary structure underlying the use of the ars provided a motive and a means for the introduction of humanism into England.
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Sogno, Cristiana. "Q. Aurelius Symachus a political career between Senate and court /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2002. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/81283934.html.
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Perez, Melissa. "Vibia Perpetua's Diary: A Women's Writing in a Roman Text of Its Own." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2009. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4000.
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Writing the history of women in antiquity is hindered by the lack of written sources by them. It has been the norm to assume that the only sources that can tell us something about them are the sources written by men. This thesis challenges this convention as it concerns the social history of Rome through the exploration of a written source by a woman named Vibia Perpetua. She was a Roman woman of twenty-two years from Roman Carthage, who was martyred on March 7, 203 C.E. The reason that we know of this Roman woman and what happened to her is because of the diary she wrote. The diary survived because it was preserved in the martyrology Passio Sanctarum Martyrum Perpetuae et Felicitatis. The Passio which was edited by an unknown redactor, documents the martyrdom of several people. Unlike any other martyrologies the editor of the story included the actual diary as it was written by Vibia Perpetua. Although we have a Roman woman's writing from the second/early third century C.E, her diary reached us through a filter that has influenced up to this day the way that the text is interpreted and preserved. The intention of this thesis is threefold; to analyze the diary of Vibia Perpetua with a new focus on the discourse of Roman women by first exploring the history of the Passio Sanctarum Martyrum Perpetua et Felicitatis. Then, a method is formulated that makes use of contemporary studies on women's diaries and self-representation in texts in order to incorporate Perpetua's writing within the social history of Rome and the history of women more broadly. The study concludes by demonstrating how this diary can help to open a new dialog about the life of both women and men in antiquity and further question the history we have inherited from them.M.A.
Department of History
Arts and Humanities
History MA
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Silva, Érica Cristhyane Morais da [UNESP]. "Conflito político-cultural na antiguidade tardia: o levante das estátuas em Antioquia de Orantes (387 d.C.)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103081.
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O Levante das Estátuas tem sido visto como um dos maiores casos de sedição do século IV d.C. As documentações textuais do período são abundantes. Nós podemos ter notícias acerca dos acontecimentos deste conflito a partir de diferentes perspectivas e mediante múltiplos testemunhos antigos e também por meio da historiografia. Tradicionalmente, as documentações principais que nos fornecem as primeiras narrativas acerca dessa sedição são As Homilias sobre as Estátuas ao Povo de Antioquia, de João Crisóstomo, e As Orações sobre o ‘Levante das Estátuas’, de Libânio de Antioquia. Na presente pesquisa, nós iremos estudar o Levante das Estátuas do ponto de vista de João Crisóstomo e Libânio de Antioquia. Nosso objetivo é relacionar ambas essas perspectivas fazendo comparações e paralelos entre elas. A compreensão moderna acerca da relação entre as perspectivas de João Crisósotomo e Libânio de Antioquia sobre o Levante das Estátuas é, frequentemente, demonstrada em termos de uma oposição política desigual. A perspectiva de João Crisóstomo é, geralmente, imersa em um contexto no qual o cristianismo é dominante e a perspectiva de Libânio e inserida em um ambiente onde o paganismo já não exerce influência e poder. Essa Tese de Doutorado discorrerá sobre os escritos, ações e relações de João Crisóstomo e Libânio de Antioquia de modo que possamos argumentar que ambos eram influentes em espaços e círculos sociais específicos e o tema do Levante das Estátuas é um claro exemplo da autoridade comparável entre ambos os autores antigos. Nosso objetivo também é compreender as perspectivas de João Crisóstomo e Libânio em seu contexto original, ou seja, dentro do contexto do Império Romano, especialmente a partir do cenário da cidade de Antioquia de Orontes, no particular...
The ‘Riot of the Statues’ is seen as one of the major seditions in fourth century A.D. Primary sources about the theme are plentiful. We learn about its accounts from different perspectives and from multiple ancient testimonies and historiography. Traditionally, the main primary sources which give us a first narrative on the sedition are The Homilies on the Statues to the People of Antioch by John Chrysostom and The Orations upon The Riots of A.D. 387 by Libanius of Antioch. In the present research, we will study ‘The Riot of the Statues’ from the point of view of John Chrysostom and Libanius of Antioch. Our aim is to relate both perspectives making comparisons between them. Our modern understanding of the relationship between John Chrysostom and Libanius of Antioch’ analyses about ‘The Riot of the Statues’ is often posed in terms of an imbalanced political opposition. John Chrysostom’s point of view on the riot is often immerged in a Christianity prevailing context whereas Libanius’ lies in an environment in which Paganism is already lacking power and influence. This dissertation will explore the writings, actions and connections of John Chrysostom and Libanius with the purpose to show that both were influential in particular fronts, and that the subject of ‘The Riot of the Statues’ is one of the most clear examples of their comparable authority. We also intend to understand John Chrysostom and Libanius’ ideas about the riot in its original context, i.e., in the Later Roman Empire period, concerning especially the Antioch-on-the-Orontes city settings, in a particular sense, and in Late Antiquity, in a broader meaning, considering all the particular features of this specific riot and also its relationship to the group of fourth century Antiochenes conflicts... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Silva, Érica Cristhyane Morais da. "Conflito político-cultural na antiguidade tardia : o levante das estátuas em Antioquia de Orantes (387 d.C.) /." Franca : [s.n.], 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103081.
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Orientador: Margarida Maria de CarvalhoBanca: Renan Frighetto
Banca: Gilvan Ventura da Silva
Banca: Carlos Augusto Ribeiro Machado
Banca: Márcia Pereira da Silva
Resumo: O Levante das Estátuas tem sido visto como um dos maiores casos de sedição do século IV d.C. As documentações textuais do período são abundantes. Nós podemos ter notícias acerca dos acontecimentos deste conflito a partir de diferentes perspectivas e mediante múltiplos testemunhos antigos e também por meio da historiografia. Tradicionalmente, as documentações principais que nos fornecem as primeiras narrativas acerca dessa sedição são As Homilias sobre as Estátuas ao Povo de Antioquia, de João Crisóstomo, e As Orações sobre o 'Levante das Estátuas', de Libânio de Antioquia. Na presente pesquisa, nós iremos estudar o Levante das Estátuas do ponto de vista de João Crisóstomo e Libânio de Antioquia. Nosso objetivo é relacionar ambas essas perspectivas fazendo comparações e paralelos entre elas. A compreensão moderna acerca da relação entre as perspectivas de João Crisósotomo e Libânio de Antioquia sobre o Levante das Estátuas é, frequentemente, demonstrada em termos de uma oposição política desigual. A perspectiva de João Crisóstomo é, geralmente, imersa em um contexto no qual o cristianismo é dominante e a perspectiva de Libânio e inserida em um ambiente onde o paganismo já não exerce influência e poder. Essa Tese de Doutorado discorrerá sobre os escritos, ações e relações de João Crisóstomo e Libânio de Antioquia de modo que possamos argumentar que ambos eram influentes em espaços e círculos sociais específicos e o tema do Levante das Estátuas é um claro exemplo da autoridade comparável entre ambos os autores antigos. Nosso objetivo também é compreender as perspectivas de João Crisóstomo e Libânio em seu contexto original, ou seja, dentro do contexto do Império Romano, especialmente a partir do cenário da cidade de Antioquia de Orontes, no particular... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The 'Riot of the Statues' is seen as one of the major seditions in fourth century A.D. Primary sources about the theme are plentiful. We learn about its accounts from different perspectives and from multiple ancient testimonies and historiography. Traditionally, the main primary sources which give us a first narrative on the sedition are The Homilies on the Statues to the People of Antioch by John Chrysostom and The Orations upon The Riots of A.D. 387 by Libanius of Antioch. In the present research, we will study 'The Riot of the Statues' from the point of view of John Chrysostom and Libanius of Antioch. Our aim is to relate both perspectives making comparisons between them. Our modern understanding of the relationship between John Chrysostom and Libanius of Antioch' analyses about 'The Riot of the Statues' is often posed in terms of an imbalanced political opposition. John Chrysostom's point of view on the riot is often immerged in a Christianity prevailing context whereas Libanius' lies in an environment in which Paganism is already lacking power and influence. This dissertation will explore the writings, actions and connections of John Chrysostom and Libanius with the purpose to show that both were influential in particular fronts, and that the subject of 'The Riot of the Statues' is one of the most clear examples of their comparable authority. We also intend to understand John Chrysostom and Libanius' ideas about the riot in its original context, i.e., in the Later Roman Empire period, concerning especially the Antioch-on-the-Orontes city settings, in a particular sense, and in Late Antiquity, in a broader meaning, considering all the particular features of this specific riot and also its relationship to the group of fourth century Antiochenes conflicts... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
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Tsui, Lik Hang. "Writing letters in Song China (960-1279) : a study of its political, social, and cultural uses." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:804b5526-4607-49d2-a119-de3cad1b0cef.
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Even though there has been no lack of scholarly attention to Chinese epistolary texts as a source of information, discussions of the functions and practices of letter writing in imperial China are very limited. This thesis deals with how elites in Song dynasty (960-1279) China exchanged personal and political information by writing and sending letters to each other, and how the genre of letters functioned in its various forms throughout the socially transformative and culturally active period. Through contextualizing epistolary material - such as letters in manuscript and print form, letter collections, and epistolary manuals, as well as sources in other genres that describe letter writing practices - I explore the multifaceted uses of letter writing for literati officials. The study provides a systematic view of the functions of Song letter writing in political, social, and cultural realms by investigating its complex practices. Using letters in several sub-genres by important literati figures such as Mi Fu, Li Gang, and Sun Di, it illustrates the main aspects of letter writing, including format, rhetoric, topical content, and handwriting. In view of the roles played by letters exchanged among Song scholars, this research on literati correspondence provides a window on how interpersonal relationships were conducted by written exchanges during that period. It also sheds light on how epistolary culture was transformed by the literati community during one of the key periods of Chinese civilization. These insights will contribute to the research of Chinese literati culture and related fields, such as the social history of middle period China, and will also be useful for comparing China's epistolary culture with the world's other letter writing traditions.
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Vargas, Miguel M. "Causes of the Jewish Diaspora Revolt in Alexandria: Regional Uprisings from the Margins of Greco-Roman Society." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2005. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc849731/.
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This thesis examines the progression from relatively peaceful relations between Alexandrians and Jews under the Ptolemies to the Diaspora Revolt under the Romans. A close analysis of the literature evidences that the transition from Ptolemaic to Roman Alexandria had critical effects on Jewish status in the Diaspora. One of the most far reaching consequences of the shift from the Ptolemies to Romans was forcing the Alexandrians to participate in the struggle for imperial patronage. Alexandrian involvement introduced a new element to the ongoing conflict among Egypt’s Jews and native Egyptians. The Alexandrian citizens consciously cut back privileges the Jews previously enjoyed under the Ptolemies and sought to block the Jews from advancing within the Roman system. Soon the Jews were confronted with rhetoric slandering their civility and culture. Faced with a choice, many Jews forsook Judaism and their traditions for more upwardly mobile life. After the outbreak of the First Jewish War Jewish life took a turn for the worse. Many Jews found themselves in a system that classified them according to their heritage and ancestry, limiting advancement even for apostates. With the resulting Jewish tax (fiscus Judaicus) Jews were becoming more economically and socially marginalized.
The Alexandrian Jews were a literate society in their own right, and sought to reverse their diminishing prestige with a rhetoric of their own. This thesis analyzes Jewish writings and pagan writings about the Jews, which evidences their changing socio-political position in Greco-Roman society. Increasingly the Jews wrote with an urgent rhetoric in attempts to persuade their fellow Jews to remain loyal to Judaism and to seek their rights within the construct of the Roman system. Meanwhile, tensions between their community and the Alexandrian community grew. In less than 100 years, from 30 CE to 117 CE, the Alexandrians attacked the Jewish community on at least three occasions. Despite the advice of the most Hellenized elites, the Jews did not sit idly by, but instead sought to disrupt Alexandrian meetings, anti-Jewish theater productions, and appealed to Rome. In the year 115 CE, tensions reached a high. Facing three years of violent attacks against their community, Alexandrian Jews responded to Jewish uprisings in Cyrene and Egypt with an uprising of their own. Really a series of revolts, historians have termed these events simply “the Diaspora Revolt.”
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Vargas, Miguel M. "Causes of the Jewish Diaspora Revolt in Alexandria: Regional Uprisings from the Margins of Greco-Roman Society, 115-117 CE." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2016. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc849731/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines the progression from relatively peaceful relations between Alexandrians and Jews under the Ptolemies to the Diaspora Revolt under the Romans. A close analysis of the literature evidences that the transition from Ptolemaic to Roman Alexandria had critical effects on Jewish status in the Diaspora. One of the most far reaching consequences of the shift from the Ptolemies to Romans was forcing the Alexandrians to participate in the struggle for imperial patronage. Alexandrian involvement introduced a new element to the ongoing conflict among Egypt’s Jews and native Egyptians. The Alexandrian citizens consciously cut back privileges the Jews previously enjoyed under the Ptolemies and sought to block the Jews from advancing within the Roman system. Soon the Jews were confronted with rhetoric slandering their civility and culture. Faced with a choice, many Jews forsook Judaism and their traditions for more upwardly mobile life. After the outbreak of the First Jewish War Jewish life took a turn for the worse. Many Jews found themselves in a system that classified them according to their heritage and ancestry, limiting advancement even for apostates. With the resulting Jewish tax (fiscus Judaicus) Jews were becoming more economically and socially marginalized.
The Alexandrian Jews were a literate society in their own right, and sought to reverse their diminishing prestige with a rhetoric of their own. This thesis analyzes Jewish writings and pagan writings about the Jews, which evidences their changing socio-political position in Greco-Roman society. Increasingly the Jews wrote with an urgent rhetoric in attempts to persuade their fellow Jews to remain loyal to Judaism and to seek their rights within the construct of the Roman system. Meanwhile, tensions between their community and the Alexandrian community grew. In less than 100 years, from 30 CE to 117 CE, the Alexandrians attacked the Jewish community on at least three occasions. Despite the advice of the most Hellenized elites, the Jews did not sit idly by, but instead sought to disrupt Alexandrian meetings, anti-Jewish theater productions, and appealed to Rome. In the year 115 CE, tensions reached a high. Facing three years of violent attacks against their community, Alexandrian Jews responded to Jewish uprisings in Cyrene and Egypt with an uprising of their own. Really a series of revolts, historians have termed these events simply “the Diaspora Revolt.”
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Freeman, Mary Tibbetts. "The Politics of Correspondence: Letter Writing in the Campaign Against Slavery in the United States." Thesis, 2018. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8281R37.
Full textAbstract:
The abolitionists were a community of wordsmiths whose political movement took shape in a sea of printed and handwritten words. These words enabled opponents of slavery in the nineteenth-century United States to exert political power, even though many of them were excluded from mainstream politics. Women and most African Americans could not vote, and they faced violent reprisals for speaking publicly. White men involved in the antislavery cause frequently spurned party politics, using writing as a key site of political engagement. Reading and writing allowed people from different backgrounds to see themselves as part of a political collective against slavery. “The Politics of Correspondence” examines how abolitionists harnessed the power of the written word to further their political aims, arguing that letter writing enabled a disparate and politically marginal assortment of people to take shape as a coherent and powerful movement.
“The Politics of Correspondence” expands the definition of politics, demonstrating that private correspondence, not just public action, can be a significant form of political participation. The antislavery movement’s body of shared political ideas and principles emerged out of contest and debate carried on largely through the exchange of letters. People on the political fringes and disfranchised persons, especially African Americans and women, harnessed the medium of letters to assert themselves as legitimate political agents, claiming entitlements hitherto denied them. In doing so, they contested the presumed boundaries of the body politic and played key roles in advancing demands for immediate emancipation, civil rights, and equality to the forefront of national political discussions. “The Politics of Correspondence” argues that correspondence was a flexible medium that abolitionists used throughout this period in efforts to both shape and respond to the changing conditions of national politics.
A vast and dispersed archive documents the antislavery movement and serves as the basis of research for the dissertation. Scholars of antislavery have used the extensive manuscript collections of prominent abolitionists and print archives of antislavery newspapers, pamphlets, and circulars to investigate the movement’s ideas and organization. But this is the first project to focus on letter writing itself and its role in the movement. Rather than view letters as transparent windows into the past, “The Politics of Correspondence” examines them as tools that ordinary people and unexpected political agents used to advance the antislavery cause. Abolitionists relied upon conventions associated with handwritten letters, which they creatively manipulated to achieve political ends. Writing a letter was an act of composition that involved self-reflection, imagined discussion, and staking a claim to one’s beliefs. Correspondents drew upon shared cultural understandings, ranging from the anonymity of the postal system to the sense of physical intimacy associated with handwritten letters. They inventively employed these understandings to make political statements that simultaneously relied upon and subverted letter-writing conventions.
Books on the topic "Letter writing – Rome – History"
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Amicorum colloquia absentium: La scrittura epistolare a Roma tra comunicazione quotidiana e genere letterario. Napoli: M. D'Auria, 2008.
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The letters of Symmachus. Boston: Brill, 2012.
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Citroni, Mario. Poesia e lettori in Roma antica: Forme della comunicazione letteraria. Roma: Editorial Laterza, 1995.
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The letters of Pliny: A historical and social commentary. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1985.
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Luigi, Castagna, and Lefèvre Eckard, eds. Plinius der Jüngere und seine Zeit. München: K.G. Saur, 2003.
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Q. Aurelius Symmachus: A political biography. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2006.
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Vergangenheit als Politik: Neue Aspekte im Werk des jüngeren Plinius. Frankfurt am Main: P. Lang, 2000.
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Hoffer, Stanley E. The anxieties of Pliny, the Younger. Atlanta, Ga: Scholars Press, 1999.
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Historical Chinese letter writing. New York: Continuum, 2009.
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1854-1930, Carpenter Martha Bennett, Tyler Daniel, and Henshaw Betty, eds. Love in an envelope: A courtship in the American West. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2008.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Letter writing – Rome – History"
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James, Carolyn, and Jessica O’Leary. "Letter-Writing and Emotions." In The Routledge History of Emotions in Europe, 256–68. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. | Series: The Routledge histories: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315190778-21.
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Calvo Cortés, Nuria. "Variations from letter-writing manuals." In Manners, Norms and Transgressions in the History of English, 184–212. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pbns.312.09nur.
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Elsweiler, Christine. "Pragmatic and formulaic uses of shall and will in Older Scots and Early Modern English official letter writing." In Norms and Conventions in the History of English, 167–90. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.347.09els.
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Shattock, Joanne, Joanne Wilkes, Katherine Newey, and Valerie Sanders. "W. M. Thackeray, A Brother of the Press on the History of a Literary Man, Laman Blanchard, and the Chances of the Literary Profession; In a Letter to the Reverend Francis Sylvester at Rome, from Michael Angelo Titmarsh, Esq." In Literary and Cultural Criticism from the Nineteenth Century, 57–63. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003199915-9.
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Brioni, Simone. "3 • America." In Diaspore. Venice: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-625-1/003.
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The chapter examines Gianfranco Pannone’s ‘American Trilogy’ - Piccola America. Gente del Nord a Sud di Roma (Little America. People from the North to the South of Rome) (1991), Lettere dall’America (Letters from America) (1995) and L’America a Roma (L’America in Rome) (1998) - showing how the trilogy employs the documentary genre not only as a way to inform the audience, hut to question the way in which imagination shapes reality and vice versa. First, Lettere dall’America is examined in light of the topos of letter writing in other literary and cinematic works featuring the Italian emigration to the United States. Second, the article anal yses how the migration from north-east Italy to the Pontine Marshes in central Italy is represented in Piccola America. Third, I discuss how L’America a Roma highlights the presence of southern migrants interpreting Mexicans in Italian westerns. Pannone uses documentaries to interrogate the fictional construction of America, and questions the view that narratives of migration are the objective reflection of ‘real’ experiences. Investigating the connection between nostalgia and the narration of history, this article also shows how the presence of a nostalgic vein in the trilogy is aimed at rethinking ‘Italian’ national history in a transnational dimension.
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"CHAPTER XIV. MEASURING AND WRITING." In History of Rome, edited by Leonhard Schmitz and William P. Dickson, 271–90. Piscataway, NJ, USA: Gorgias Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.31826/9781463226664-017.
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Mack, Peter. "Letter-Writing Manuals." In A History of Renaissance Rhetoric 1380-1620, 228–56. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199597284.003.0011.
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Cooley, Alison E. "History and Inscriptions, Rome." In The Oxford History of Historical Writing, 244–64. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199218158.003.0011.
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"Hippolytus of Rome." In Writing the History of Early Christianity, 162–95. Cambridge University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108647052.004.
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Witt, Ronald G. "The arts of letter-writing." In The Cambridge History of Literary Criticism, 68–83. Cambridge University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/chol9780521300070.005.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Letter writing – Rome – History"
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Verkholantsev, Julia. "Between Latin and Church Slavonic: Literary Beginnings in the Vernacular and the Question of National Narrative in the Literary History of Bohemia, Croatia, and Poland." In Tenth Rome Cyril-Methodian Readings. Indrik, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/91674-576-4.05.
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The paper is a refl ection on the differences between the development of Czech, Croatian, and Polish literatures. Despite the jurisdiction of the Western Church, the Cyrillo-Methodian mission created conditions for the adoption of Slavonic writ-ing in Bohemia and Croatia. While in Croatia Slavonic writing gained traction, the Slavic-speaking community of Bohemia chose to adopt Latin as the sole literary language. The literary beginnings in Poland, which had most likely not been affect-ed by the Cyrillo-Methodian mission, represents yet another scenario. The study of different conditions leading to the adop-tion of a language of literacy and textual community presents an opportunity to ponder how we study and describe a literary process in general, as well as how we understand the concept of a “national literature” and whether this concept should apply only to literature in the vernacular.