Academic literature on the topic 'Lesbian consumers'

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Journal articles on the topic "Lesbian consumers"

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Polkinghorne, Robert, Nkosivile Welcome Madinga, Philip Broster, Andrianna Kappatos, Julia Kirr, Junaid Kader, Chandra Mophethe, Aparna Joseph, and Sebastian Roodt. "The New Normal: Exploring Heterosexual Consumers’ Responses to Lesbian and Gay-Themed Adverts in South African Mainstream Media." SAGE Open 12, no. 3 (July 2022): 215824402211096. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21582440221109600.

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Lesbian and gay-themed advertising hold great potential for marketers and brands, yet an understanding of how these advertisements influence heterosexual consumers is still a question of debate. This study examined the developmental factors and traditional culture of consumers, which are critical in understanding tolerance of homosexuality. It further examined the impact of tolerance of homosexuality on attitudes toward lesbian and gay-themed advertisements and brands. Primary data were collected through an electronic self-administered questionnaire, and 690 responses from heterosexual consumers were recorded. The data were analyzed using the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings indicate that heterosexual consumers with a high tolerance toward homosexuality have more positive attitudes toward lesbian and gay-themed adverts and brands. In addition, advertisement themes (gay vs. lesbian) had no significant effect on consumer attitudes toward the advertisement as well as toward the brand. These findings provide guidelines for future research and implications for advertisers who intend to address consumers of various sexual orientations.
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van Rheede van Oudtshoorn, GP, and RS ORR. "The perceptions of consumers aged 18-30 of “lesbian” appeals in advertising." Communicare: Journal for Communication Studies in Africa 24, no. 1 (October 24, 2022): 49–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.36615/jcsa.v24i1.1753.

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In an over-saturated market, advertisements have become more risqué as companies viefor consumer attention and lesbian content in advertising seems to be on the increasein mainstream media. This article attempts to discover whether lesbian content inadvertising elicits positive or negative consumer attitudes towards the advertisementand the brand, and to link these attitudes with the intention to purchase the product.By doing so, marketers will be able to ascertain whether this type of advertising appealis effective or whether it offends consumers and therefore decreases product sales.The study was quantitative in nature and used descriptive research in a field setting. Itwas found that there is a significant correlation between tolerance of homosexuality andacceptance of lesbian content in advertising. In addition, these advertisements attractedattention and interest and were not perceived as particularly immoral, exploitive oroffensive by most of the sample population. In terms of attracting attention and interest,and being memorable to consumers, advertisements containing clear lesbian interactionare more effective than those with lower levels of homoerotic t
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Harley, Debra A., Meada Hall, and Todd A. Savage. "Working with Gay and Lesbian Consumers with Disabilities: Helping Practitioners Understand Another Frontier of Diversity." Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling 31, no. 1 (March 1, 2000): 4–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0047-2220.31.1.4.

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Meeting the developmental and vocational needs of gay and lesbian consumers with disabilities has become an imperative of cultural diversity. Rehabilitation practitioners need to be prepared to deal with societal and environmental barriers that impact the lives, development, and careers of these consumers. This article describes definitions and terminology, stigma related to homosexuality, homosexual identity development and disability, and ethical implications of working with gay and lesbian consumers. Recommendations are offered to help practitioners become effective facilitators of gay and lesbian consumers' developmental and vocational processes.
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Pounders, K., and A. Mabry-Flynn. "Consumer Response To Gay and Lesbian Imagery: How Product Type and Stereotypes Affect Consumers' Perceptions." Journal of Advertising Research 56, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 426–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2501/jar-2016-047.

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Fish, Jessica N., Rodman E. Turpin, Natasha D. Williams, and Bradley O. Boekeloo. "Sexual Identity Differences in Access to and Satisfaction With Health Care: Findings From Nationally Representative Data." American Journal of Epidemiology 190, no. 7 (January 21, 2021): 1281–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwab012.

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Abstract Identification of barriers to adequate health care for sexual minority populations remains elusive given that they are complex and variable across sexual orientation subgroups (e.g., gay, lesbian, bisexual). To address these complexities, we used data from a US nationally representative sample of health-care consumers to assess sexual identity differences in health-care access and satisfaction. We conducted a secondary data analysis of 12 waves (2012–2018) of the biannual Consumer Survey of Health Care Access (n = 30,548) to assess sexual identity differences in 6 health-care access and 3 health-care satisfaction indicators. Despite parity in health insurance coverage, sexual minorities—with some variation across sexual minority subgroups and sex—reported more chronic health conditions alongside restricted health-care access and unmet health-care needs. Gay/lesbian women had the lowest prevalence of health-care utilization and higher prevalence rates of delaying needed health care and medical tests relative to heterosexual women. Gay/lesbian women and bisexual men were less likely than their heterosexual counterparts to be able to pay for needed health-care services. Sexual minorities also reported less satisfactory experiences with medical providers. Examining barriers to health care among sexual minorities is critical to eliminating health disparities that disproportionately burden this population.
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Saltman, Deborah, Bronwyn Veale, and Gina Bloom. "Developing a Mental Health Resource for Consumers." Australian Journal of Primary Health 3, no. 4 (1997): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py97038.

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Little is known about how consumers select mental health providers. In the literature there is an absence of information to assist consumers and referral agencies including general practitioners, in making informed choices. This paper reports the research process undertaken to develop such a resource. Interviews were conducted with representatives from a variety of groups identified by consumers and providers as supplying mental health services, including: general practitioners, psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, Relationships Australia (NSW), Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), postnatal depression self-help groups, Lifeline, the Gay and Lesbian Counselling Service of NSW, spiritual healers, and, consumer consultants. The interviews covered issues of cost, type of services provided, goals of management, limitations of therapy, consumer information about the process, sessions, therapist credentials, training, background and experience, professional and personal development, quality assurance, research, referral, access, and confidentiality. Indicators for ascertaining effectiveness of the therapist's work were also delineated. Although there was a great deal of similarity in views concerning the nature of therapy held by a range of providers of mental health services, differences of approach did emerge that need to be brought to the awareness of consumers. Comparing responses of mental health providers to the same questions allows other issues such as priorities and access to be gauged by comparing these responses. The strength of this approach is that it allows the presentation of information in a manner that allows consumers to make comparisons and choices based on information obtained in a context similar to the therapeutic situation.
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Minton, Elizabeth A., Frank Cabano, Meryl Gardner, Daniele Mathras, Esi Elliot, and Naomi Mandel. "LGBTQ and religious identity conflict in service settings." Journal of Services Marketing 31, no. 4/5 (July 10, 2017): 351–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsm-05-2016-0196.

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Purpose The USA is witnessing a conflict between LGBTQ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer) consumers/supporters and Christian fundamentalist service providers/opponents regarding whether service can be denied based on religious values. The purpose of this paper is to make a timely investigation into this conflict between marketplace inclusion (for LGBTQ consumers) and freedom of religion (for religious service providers). Design/methodology/approach The intersection of marketplace inclusion for LGBTQ consumers and religious freedom for service providers is examined by identifying appropriate strategies that address this conflict and reviewing how differing religious perspectives influence perceptions of LGBTQ consumer rights, all building off the social identity threat literature. Findings LGBTQ and religious identities often conflict to influence consumer behavior and service provider interactions. Such conflict is heightened when there is a lack of substitutes (i.e. only one service provider in an area for a specific service). Common LGBTQ consumer responses include changing service providers, providing justification for the provision of services and pursing legal recourse. Suggested strategies to address this conflict include highlighting common social identities and using two-sided messages for service providers, using in-group interventions for social groups and using government interventions for public policy. Originality/value Research has yet to examine the conflict between marketplace inclusion and religious freedom, particularly for the inclusion of LGBTQ consumers. Thus, this paper provides a novel conceptual model detailing these relationships to stimulate discussion among consumers, service providers, social groups and public policy in addition to serving as a foundation for future research.
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Um, Namhyun, and Dong Hoo Kim. "Effects of Gay-Themed Advertising among Young Heterosexual Adults from U.S. and South Korea." Social Sciences 8, no. 1 (January 10, 2019): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci8010017.

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Little research has been conducted to explain the effects of gay-themed advertising in a cross-cultural context. Such research has been particularly scarce in South Korea. This study is designed to investigate the effects of cultural orientation, gender, and types of gay-themed advertising in evaluation of gay male and female lesbian print ads. The study results indicate that Korean college students (i.e., collectivists) had lower tolerance of homosexuality than did U.S. college students (i.e., individualists). The study also finds that gender-role beliefs lead males to have lower tolerance of homosexuality. However, gender did not have statistically significant impacts on advertising and brand evaluation. Lastly, the study also found that lesbian imagery print ads could lead to greater tolerance of homosexuality and more favorable evaluations of the advertising and brand than could gay male imagery print ads. The current study sheds some light on the characteristics of U.S. consumers and Korean consumers on tolerance of homosexuality and gay-themed ads. Limitations and areas for further research are discussed.
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Badgett, M. V. Lee, James D. Woods, Jay H. Lucas, Annette Friskopp, Sharon Silverstein, Daniel B. Baker, Sean O'Brien Strub, et al. "A Queer Marketplace: Books on Lesbian and Gay Consumers, Workers, and Investors." Feminist Studies 23, no. 3 (1997): 607. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3178389.

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Um, Nam-Hyun. "Seeking the holy grail through gay and lesbian consumers: An exploratory content analysis of ads with gay/lesbian-specific content." Journal of Marketing Communications 18, no. 2 (April 2012): 133–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13527266.2010.489696.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Lesbian consumers"

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Brady, Anita, and n/a. "Constituting queer : performativity and commodity culture." University of Otago. Department of Communication Studies, 2008. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20080429.113540.

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This thesis foregrounds a question unanswered in queer theory�s account of the ongoing reproduction of heteronormativity. In Gender Trouble, Judith Butler asks "From where does the performative draw its force, and what happens to the performative whose task it is to undo" that discursively legitimated enacting? (Bodies That Matter 224-5). While queer theory offers a compelling account of how the normative fictions of identity privilege heterosexuality, the first part of Butler�s question remains relatively under-theorised. This thesis addresses this gap and argues that to understand the source of performative authority, we must address the intimate relationship between gay identity and commodity culture. Thus, I investigate the connections between the marketing industry, an historically politicised gay press, and a lesbian and gay politics imagined through the paradigm of identity, and argue that they combine in a citational feedback loop to performatively produce gay identity as the "ideal consumer." I then undertake case studies of two media texts, the website Gay.com and the television series Queer Eye for the Straight Guy, in order to demonstrate how the white, male, middle-class gay aesthete functions hegemonically as gayness in culture. My analysis then turns to the second part of Butler�s question -"what happens to the performative whose task it is to undo?"- and examines the consequences of the absence of an analysis of commodity culture for the notion of queer. To that end, I suggest that alongside their repetitions of gay normativity, both Gay.com and Queer Eye perform queer possibility. However, the case studies I undertake, along with the critical reception of Queer Eye and the internet technologies behind Gay.com, suggests that these media texts fall short of the promise of queerness. This apparent failure to disturb heteronormative reproduction is connected in these critiques to each text�s commercial imperatives. This thesis argues that such critiques tend to rely on determinations of the authenticity of queer performance, and emphasise veracity over queer theory�s potential to exploit the critical potential of deliberate indeterminacy. I argue, instead, that a key part of queer theory�s contingency is its capacity to respond to the changing performative contexts of the normative repetitions it seeks to undo. To put this more simply: If consumer desire defines contemporary gayness, then it is with consumer desire that queer theory must contend. It is precisely the indeterminacy of queer that enables such shifts in its strategies of subversion. Recognition of how queer�s indeterminacy enables those subversive moves returns us to the importance to queer theory of a sustained consideration of the constitutive capacities of commodity culture. What I suggest in this thesis is that if we do no ask "From where does the performance draw its force?" then we cannot answer "And what happens to the performative whose task it is to undo?" the normative framework of identity.
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Nölke, Ana-Isabel. "Viscosity of stigma : media experiences, intersectionality, and the life-course of LGBTQ+ consumers." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31438.

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For six decades, consumer researchers have relied heavily on Goffman's (1963) seminal work on stigma, often limiting themselves to a one-dimensional treatment of it as a static variable that determines the behaviour of homogenous groups. Such views, however, stand at odds with wider paradigm shifts away from modernity, and with feminist considerations about intersectionality. Most importantly, the dearth of studies examining the interplay between structural macro-dynamics and micro-level experiences has meant that rapid changes in societal attitudes have received insufficient attention. Considering the rise of minority portrayals in the past few years and importance of the media in dispersing and ameliorating stigma, there is a need to understand how media experiences differ across generations, sociocultural categories, and individual life-courses. Focusing on lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, queer, and other (LGBTQ+) individuals, and building on Bauman's (2000) concept of liquid modernity as well as Bourdieu's (1994) theory of practice, this thesis explores how stigma experiences of two generations of LGBTQ+ consumers have changed, how this relates to their experiences of LGBTQ+ media portrayals, as well as what this tells us about how (marginalised) consumers navigate their lives and particularly the fragmentation of identity politics through (media) consumption. I followed an intersectional phenomenological enquiry, employing a meaning-based model of media experience that contributes to the literature by extending Mick and Buhl's (1992) work to account for considerations of intersectionality and intertextuality. Life story- and subsequent media experience interviews were analysed individually and across cases. The sample consisted of eight LGBTQ+ members of the Boomer- and ten of the Millennial generation. This study develops a theoretical framework of stigma as viscous instead of static: in constant flux due to the dynamic interplay between the doxic attitudes in social fields, as well as individual embodied dispositions, the stigma habitus. This provides a richer understanding of how it is enacted in consumer culture, enabling a critical analysis of the dialectic relationship between individuals and their environment. Through this framework, my study challenges generational accounts of difference, which are found to be too simplistic to account for diverging (media) experiences. Instead, it is the dialectic between context and (stigma) habitus that shapes dynamic experiences. For participants facing high levels of stigma viscosity, for example, LGBTQ+ portrayals seemed particularly important and experiences revolved around social acceptance. Moreover, lived experiences, as well as doxic beliefs about media, advertising, and a text's 'author' formed an intertextual frame of reference used to evaluate portrayals' authenticity and harmfulness. Importantly, participants' preference for or rejection of 'radical' vs heteronormative portrayals was shaped by tastes that have become naturalised in their habitus, with disparate doxic beliefs generating reflexive guilt and ambivalence. My findings suggest that stigma amelioration may ultimately lead to symbolic violence within the LGBTQ+ community against those who do not adhere to accepted consumption standards. This study also has implications for consumers more broadly as changes in viscosity affect consumption practices. Adhering to a critical approach, I describe a range of recommendations for practitioners and reflexive practices I engaged in following this study.
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Hoenig, Jennifer. "Sexual Identity Milestone Attainment: Understanding Differences among Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Young People." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/613143.

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Those examining lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) sexual identity development have largely shifted away from testing stage models of the past (Cass, 1979; Coleman, 1982; Troiden, 1989) to understanding differences in the age and order of milestone occurrence and issues of timing. Examination of milestone attainment was more prevalent at the turn of the 21st century and thus less is known about milestone attainment among current cohorts of LGB identified young people. The goals of this dissertation were to 1) describe milestone attainment among a recent cohort of LGB identified young people, examining group differences, 2) examine the connection between age of milestone attainment and indicators of mental health and substance use, focusing on bias-based victimization as a potential moderator, 3) explore racism as a mediator to explain differences in age of milestone attainment among LGB young people of color. Three papers were produced using data from a three-site longitudinal panel study of risk and protective factors for suicide among LGB, transgender, and queer/questioning youth. Results indicated that age of milestone attainment for first label as LGB, first disclosure to another person, and first same-sex sexual experience were younger in this contemporary cohort of young people compared to results found in previous studies. However, few group differences were found. Additionally, associations were found between younger age of milestone attainment and more reports of substance use. Implications for health promotion and prevention programs as well as future research directions are discussed.
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Bartošová, Veronika. "Projevy body image ve spotřebním chování specifické ženské subkultury." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-198628.

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My Master's thesis deals with "Tokens of body image in the consumer behavior of a specific female subculture", which stands for lesbian community. The aim of my thesis is to capture tokens of body image of gay women in context of their specific community, particularly in the areas of body perception, grooming and adoration of a certain female beauty ideal. The thesis is divided into five main parts. The first part deals with the theoretical background, starting with basic terminology of body image, through an outline of the historical development of ideals of female beauty, to lighting the characteristics of the lesbian subculture, not only in terms of body image. Attention was also paid to the influence of media on perception of lesbians' own body image and to the media portrayal of lesbian women. The second part describes the method that were used for obtaining primary data (CAWI). It also provides an overview of the hypothetical claims, which were primarily designed to compare body image of lesbians with heterosexual women. The third, analytical part focuses on the evaluation of the collected data to verify the hypothesis, or to justify the probable cause why some of the original assumptions were not empirically proved. In the fourth charter marketing recommendations are formulated on the basis of the survey results. The conclusions highlight the most interesting points of the thesis and suggest their potential for use in business practice.
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Muraco, Joel A. "Minority Stress in the Lives of Gay and Lesbian Couples." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/323221.

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The goal of this dissertation is to examine minority stress in the lives of gay and lesbian individuals and couples. To do this I conducted three separate, but empirically and conceptually related studies using data from 68 self-identified gay men and lesbians. Of these, 38 participants were coupled (n = 19 couples). All three studies were informed by minority stress theory. In the first study I examined individual (N = 68) and partner (n = 38) correlates and associations with concern for safety because of sexual orientation and harassment because of sexual orientation. Comfort with homosexuality was the strongest negative predictor of concern for safety because of sexual orientation. Further, involvement with gay related activities was found to be the strongest positive predictor of harassment because of sexual orientation. In the next two studies I examined the daily influence of minority stress for same-sex couples (n = 19). In the second study I examined how daily public displays (PDA) of affection are associated with daily relationship satisfaction, daily concern for safety because of sexual orientation, and daily harassment because of sexual orientation. I found daily PDA to be positively associated with concurrent and lagged relationship satisfaction, positively associated with concurrent and lagged concern for safety, and concurrent, lagged, and prospective increases in harassment because of sexual orientation. In the third and final study I examined the moderating effect of daily relationship satisfaction on the relationships between daily concern for safety and harassment in predicting daily physical health and well-being. I find that daily concern for safety and harassment are not associated with daily physical health suggesting that the negative effects of minority stress on physical health are more cumulative and do not fluctuate from day-to-day. I also find that daily relationship satisfaction does moderate the relationship between daily concern for safety and harassment and their daily well-being in unexpected ways. Collectively, this dissertation illustrates the complex influence of minority stress in the lives of gay and lesbian individuals and couples in two ways: first, as it pertains to how personal characteristics and behaviors (e.g. involvement with gay related activities and engagement in PDA) are associated with minority stress overall and on a daily basis; second, by illustrating the daily influence of minority stress on daily physical health and well-being. In conclusion, in these studies I highlight the complexity of life and how minority stress, stress that is unique to gay men and lesbian individuals and couples, complicates otherwise beneficial behaviors. Further, I illustrate the long and short term ramifications minority stress has on gay men and lesbian individuals and couples.
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Watson, Ryan. "Inquiries Into Sexual Minority Youth and Young Adults Over Time and Across Cultures." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/338686.

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Sexual minorities or those minoritized as a result of the expressed or assumed sexual orientations and identities (i.e., lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer), by virtue of their sometimes stigmatized identities, oftentimes report deleterious and unprovoked experiences of harassment, victimization, and prejudice. For several decades, research has confirmed that lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals are at high risk for maladaptive outcomes, including higher rates of suicidality, depression, substance use and abuse, and anxiety disorders. The goal of this dissertation was to 1) document and compare these disparities across two cultures, 2) disentangle social support systems that are important to sexual minorities, and 3) identify factors that best protect sexual minorities against the effects of bias-based bullying. Large datasets were used to compare, understand, and trace the processes of interpersonal relational support on adjustment for sexual minorities. Specifically, different cultural normativities were hypothesized to explain differences in adjustment across culture, parent support was hypothesized to be most associated with lower depression and higher self-esteem, and parent acceptance was expected to buffer the relation between bias-based bullying and depression for sexual minorities. These expectations were generally supported and demonstrate the clear role that parents and friends contribute to mental health for sexual minorities. Implications for future research, parents, teachers, and other stakeholders are discussed in different contexts of sexual minority adjustment.
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Books on the topic "Lesbian consumers"

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Lukenbill, Grant. Untold millions: Secret truths about marketing to gay and lesbian consumers. 2nd ed. New York: Harrington Park Press, 1999.

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Untold millions: Positioning your business for the gay and lesbian consumer revolution. New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 1995.

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Robert, Brown. The gay and lesbian market. New York, N.Y: Kalorama Information, 2000.

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Brown, Robert. The U.S. gay and lesbian market. 4th ed. New York, N.Y: Packaged Facts, 2004.

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Robert, Brown. The gay & lesbian market: New trends, new opportunities. 3rd ed. New York, N.Y: MarketResearch.com, 2002.

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Chasin, Alexandra. Selling out: The gay and lesbian movement goes to market. Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2000.

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Chasin, Alexandra. Selling out: The gay and lesbian movement goes to market. New York: St. Martin's Press, 2000.

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Reinaudo, Franco. O mercado gls: Como obter sucesso com o segmento de maior potencial da atualidade. São Paulo: Idéia & Ação, 2008.

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L, Wardlow Daniel, ed. Gays, lesbians, and consumer behavior: Theory, practice, and research issues in marketing. New York: Harrington Park Press, 1996.

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Pink tourism: Holidays of gay men and lesbians. Wallingford, Oxfordshire, UK: CAB International, 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "Lesbian consumers"

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Poria, Yaniv, Adrian Coyle, and Terry Desombre. "Serving all the Community? The Views and Preferences of Lesbian and Gay Consumers of Health Care." In Quality in Health Care, 184–97. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315192611-14.

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Watkins, Jerry T. "From Redneck to Gay Riviera." In Queering the Redneck Riviera. University Press of Florida, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813056913.003.0007.

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Though LGBTQ people had lived and vacationed in the area for decades, it was not until the mid 1970s that they began to conceive of the region as an LGBTQ vacation destination. Marketing had created “The Sunshine State” and the proliferation of print media coupled with a growing recognition of pink capital begin to craft the “Gay Gulf Coast.” The Fiesta Room Lounge in Panama City became definitively gay, the South’s first chapter of the Gay Liberation Front was established in Tallahassee, and Pensacola again played host to LGBT beach events during Memorial Day. In 1993, as the culture wars raged nationally, gay and lesbian tourists in Pensacola found themselves in the crosshairs of moral entrepreneurs attempting to capitalize on the growing conservative evangelical movement with a return to straight, white, wholesome, family-friendly tourism promotion. The response of local businesses evidences a profound attitudinal shift from earlier decades, a direct result of increasing LGBTQ visibility and their growing status as citizen consumers.
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SWARBROOKE, J. "Gay and lesbian tourism in Australia." In Consumer Behaviour in Tourism, 361–66. Elsevier, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-7506-6735-7.50047-6.

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"CASE STUDY 16 Gay and lesbian tourism in Australia." In Consumer Behaviour in Tourism, 361–66. Routledge, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780080466958-48.

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Watkins, Jerry T. "Epilogue." In Queering the Redneck Riviera. University Press of Florida, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813056913.003.0008.

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This final chapter brings the narrative forward to the twenty-first century around the exploration of capitalism, the selective enforcement of morality, and the queer subject/citizen/consumer. It contrasts the treatment of drunken, heterosexual, college-aged Spring Breakers with the moral panics over gay and lesbian visibility. In 2015 anti-alcohol ordinances went into effect that were meant to curb the worst excesses of Spring Breakers. The beaches were finally quiet. In 1961, 1974, and 1993 “the homosexual” and more broadly queer shenanigans were the bogeyman that would supposedly scare away tourists. As the century ended, gay and lesbian visitors marshaled their market share and respectability politics to push back against moral panics. In the second decade of the twenty-first century, gentrification, pink capitalism, and respectability politics have proven hollow, which threatens to tear apart fragile coalitions.
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"Consuming the Lesbian Body: Post-Feminist Heteroflexible Subjectivities in Sex and the City and The L Word Ella Fegitz." In Consumerism on TV, 107–26. Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315573724-10.

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Fejes, Fred. "Making the ‘Gay’ Consumer a Respectable Citizen: Advertising, Politics, and the Lesbian/Gay Market." In Sexuality and Consumption, 217–36. De Gruyter, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110747676-009.

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