Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Les réseaux de capteurs sans fil multimédia'
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Zeghilet, Houda. "Le routage dans les réseaux de capteurs multimédia." Phd thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00922266.
Full textAlaoui, Fdili Othmane. "Optimisation multicritères de la qualité de service dans les réseaux de capteurs multimédia sans fil." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015VALE0016/document.
Full textThanks to the valuable advances in Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems coupled with their convergence to wireless communication systems, the Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). In the WSN context, all the efforts are made in order to propose energy-efficient solutions. With the recent developments in CMOS technology, low-cost imaging sensors have been developed. As a result, a new derivative of the WSN, which is the Wireless Video Sensor Network (WVSN), has been proposed. The particularities of the video data as well as the inherent constraints of the nodes have introduced new challenges. In this thesis, we propose two cross-layer based solutions for video delivery over the WVSN. The first solution proposes a new energy efficient and adaptive video compression scheme dedicated to the WVSNs, based on the H.264/AVC video compression standard. The video stream is then handled by an enhanced version of MMSPEED protocol, that we propose and note EQBSA-MMSPEED. Performance evaluation shows that the lifetime of the network is extended by 33%, while improving the video quality of the received stream by 12%. In the second solution, we enrich our compression scheme with mathematical models to predict the energy consumption and the video distortion during the encoding and the transmission phases. The video stream is then handled by a novel energy efficient and improved reliability routing protocol, that we note ERMM. Compared to a basic approach, this solution is extending the network lifetime by 15%, while improving the quality of the received video stream by 35%
Zeghilet, Houda. "Le routage dans les réseaux de capteurs multimédia." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0196.
Full textNowadays, the proliferation of inexpensive hardware such as CMOS cameras and microphones that are able to ubiquitously capture multimedia content has led to the emergence of wireless multimedia/video sensor networks (WMSN/WVSN). As a consequence, a wide spectrum of applications can be projected in many areas and everyday life. Compared to traditional WSNs, WVSNs introduce unique challenges due mainly to the big amount of data to be captured and transmitted over a constrained network. In this work, we first propose a cluster-based (hierarchical) routing protocol called ELPC (Energy Level Passive Clustering) where the main objective is to enhance the network lifetime while handling video applications. This is achieved thanks to a load balancing feature where the role of clusterheads is alternated among candidate nodes depending on their energy level. The second contribution consists in a multipath routing protocol with interference awareness. Instead of completely suppressing interferences, our multipath routing protocol tries to minimize them through a simple algorithm without extra overhead. Multiple paths are built at once while minimizing their inter-path interferences thanks to some additional information on neighboring nodes piggybacked on the route request messages. In addition to interference awareness, we propose a multiqueue multipriority scheme where the influence of data type in a video is considered. Simulation results show that using less interfering paths combined to a multiqueue multipriority scheme allows for better video quality
Ben, Abdallah Asma. "Algorithmes d’optimisation inter-couches pour les réseaux de capteurs sans fil multimédia utilisant la technologie Ultra Wide Band." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, CNAM, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021CNAM1288.
Full textWireless Sensor Network (WSN) is the set of elements called micro-sensors able to collect data and transmit it via wireless links. In recent years and with the development of hardware elements such as CMOS cameras, the integration of multimedia content has become possible in the WSNs, that leds to the development of Wireless Multimedia Sensor Network (WMSN). The WMSNs requires short-range and high-speed wireless links that support the transmission of multimedia contents such as images and videos in indoor environments, which justifies the use of Ultra Wide Band (UWB) wireless transmission technology, more precisely the IEEE 802.15.3c standard. In order to ensure a better image/video transmission with a certain quality of service over UWB IEEE 802.15.3c system, many robust and efficient source encoders are used on our research work like JPEG and SPIHT for image transmission and H.264/AVC for video transmission. Our contributions in this manuscript focus on improving the quality of service (QoS), firstly for the case of image transmission by the application of various adaptive techniques including unequal error protection UEP at the channel encoder side and hierarchical modulation, hybrid modulation and adaptive OFDM modulation at the modulator side. Secondly, and for the case of video transmission, all the techniques previously mentioned have been applied to improve the quality of transmitted videos at the receiver side. In addition, we acted on the choice of the size of the GOP (Group of Pictures) at H.264 /AVC encoder to show the influence of the GOP size during the video transmission on the errors propagation produced by the noisy multi-path channel. The originality of this thesis is to propose effective techniques for the improvement of transmitted multimedia contents quality through UWB IEEE 802.15.3c system, more precisely the audio visual high rate physical layer mode (AV HRP) while keeping a good QoS and minimizing the rate distortion ratio and exploit the characteristics of WMSNs which are widely used to deploy services in IoT multimedia applications
Souil, Marion. "Contribution à la qualité de service dans les réseaux de capteurs sans fil." Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00919777.
Full textMedjiah, Samir. "Optimisation des protocoles de routage dans les réseaux multi-sauts sans fil à contraintes." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14663/document.
Full textGreat research efforts have been carried out in the field of challenged multihop wireless networks (MWNs). Thanks to the evolution of the Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) technology and nanotechnologies, multihop wireless networks have been the solution of choice for a plethora of problems. The main advantage of these networks is their low manufacturing cost that permits one-time application lifecycle. However, if nodes are low-costly to produce, they are also less capable in terms of radio range, bandwidth, processing power, memory, energy, etc. Thus, applications need to be carefully designed and especially the routing task because radio communication is the most energy-consuming functionality and energy is the main issue for challenged multihop wireless networks.The aim of this thesis is to analyse the different challenges that govern the design of challenged multihop wireless networks such as applications challenges in terms of quality of service (QoS), fault-tolerance, data delivery model, etc., but also networking challenges in terms of dynamic network topology, topology voids, etc. Our contributions in this thesis focus on the optimization of routing under different application requirements and network constraints. First, we propose an online multipath routing protocol for QoS-based applications using wireless multimedia sensor networks. The proposed protocol relies on the construction of multiple paths while transmitting data packets to their destination, i.e. without prior topology discovery and path establishment. This protocol achieves parallel transmissions and enhances the end-to-end transmission by maximizing path bandwidth and minimizing the delays, and thus meets the requirements of QoS-based applications. Second, we tackle the problem of routing in mobile delay-tolerant networks by studying the intermittent connectivity of nodes and deriving a contact model in order to forecast future nodes' contacts. Based upon this contact model, we propose a routing protocol that makes use of nodes' locations, nodes' trajectories, and inter-node contact prediction in order to perform forwarding decisions. The proposed routing protocol achieves low end-to-end delays while using efficiently constrained nodes' resources in terms of memory (packet queue occupancy) and processing power (forecasting algorithm). Finally, we present a topology control mechanism along a packet forwarding algorithm for event-driven applications using stationary wireless sensor networks. Topology control is achieved by using a distributed duty-cycle scheduling algorithm. Algorithm parameters can be tuned according to the desired node's awake neighbourhood size. The proposed topology control mechanism ensures trade-off between event-reporting delay and energy consumption
Bouatit, Mohamed Nacer. "Optimisation du routage, tolérance aux pannes et gestion de l'énergie et de l'interférence pour la transmission des flux multimédia temps réel dans les réseaux de capteur sans fil." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, CNAM, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CNAM1188.
Full textMultimedia applications in WSNs convey large data (image, audio and video) that requires high transmission rate and intensive treatment and therefore high energy consumption. Effectively transmit these heterogeneous flows, while ensuring their reliability and guaranteeing QoS requirements, with the limited resources available, especially in critical contexts, remains an open scientific problem. That is why, in this thesis, we are interested in aspects related to : routing, fault tolerance and interference management in WMSNs.Given the very low number of routing protocols, that have approached the experimental phase and still less those who approached it during data transmission in real time, we developed in this context, a geographic routing protocol baptised GNMF (Geographic Non-interfering Multipath Fault-tolerant),First, we improved node's selection mode used by the greedy-forwarding, to deal with local minimum problem, where a multi-criteria objective function (distance, energy and reception power) related to next-hop choice has been defined. Then, we introduced an optimization phase of built paths to eliminate loops and an adaptive approach to manage simultaneous traffic transmissions.After that, we oriented towards fault tolerance, to ensure transmitted data reliability and network connectivity. To this end, we modeled the number of lost packets during package delivery and proposed two mechanisms. The curative is used when sudden failures occurs and the preventive to anticipate batteries depletion. Both are combined with a dynamic failover strategy during alternative paths construction.Finally, we presented an interference model and a third mechanism that limits interactions between adjacent links. In addition, we also defined a path loss model in a multipairs environment (source, sink) and computed the error probability coefficient based on a distance function that separates the data flows. A new metric has been added in the objective function, related to noise sum of the active nodes that interferes on forwarding set nodes of the current node.Obtained results show the effectiveness of the proposed approaches that have been studied and validated both by simulation and on an experimental testbed
Bouatit, Mohamed Nacer. "Optimisation du routage, tolérance aux pannes et gestion de l'énergie et de l'interférence pour la transmission des flux multimédia temps réel dans les réseaux de capteur sans fil." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CNAM1188/document.
Full textMultimedia applications in WSNs convey large data (image, audio and video) that requires high transmission rate and intensive treatment and therefore high energy consumption. Effectively transmit these heterogeneous flows, while ensuring their reliability and guaranteeing QoS requirements, with the limited resources available, especially in critical contexts, remains an open scientific problem. That is why, in this thesis, we are interested in aspects related to : routing, fault tolerance and interference management in WMSNs.Given the very low number of routing protocols, that have approached the experimental phase and still less those who approached it during data transmission in real time, we developed in this context, a geographic routing protocol baptised GNMF (Geographic Non-interfering Multipath Fault-tolerant),First, we improved node's selection mode used by the greedy-forwarding, to deal with local minimum problem, where a multi-criteria objective function (distance, energy and reception power) related to next-hop choice has been defined. Then, we introduced an optimization phase of built paths to eliminate loops and an adaptive approach to manage simultaneous traffic transmissions.After that, we oriented towards fault tolerance, to ensure transmitted data reliability and network connectivity. To this end, we modeled the number of lost packets during package delivery and proposed two mechanisms. The curative is used when sudden failures occurs and the preventive to anticipate batteries depletion. Both are combined with a dynamic failover strategy during alternative paths construction.Finally, we presented an interference model and a third mechanism that limits interactions between adjacent links. In addition, we also defined a path loss model in a multipairs environment (source, sink) and computed the error probability coefficient based on a distance function that separates the data flows. A new metric has been added in the objective function, related to noise sum of the active nodes that interferes on forwarding set nodes of the current node.Obtained results show the effectiveness of the proposed approaches that have been studied and validated both by simulation and on an experimental testbed
Bekkaoui, Otmane. "Réseaux de capteurs d'hydrogène passifs sans fil." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2013. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/6139/1/030426241.pdf.
Full textMezni, Anis. "Ordonnancement des réseaux de capteurs sans fil embarqués." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEI030.
Full textWireless Sensor networks are attracted many activities of research and development during the last decade. Yet, the distributed behavior of a WSN remains centered on two main objectives: sensing and routing. This thesis advocates the introduction of an additional feature, which can be considered interesting from a functional point of view and potentially from the power consumption one: starting from a designer-specified requirement, implement a multiple level synergy between (groups of) nodes, based on adequate interaction. This is achieved by automatic generation and distribution of correct-by-construction code, relying on the Supervisory Control Theory. The Discrete Controller Synthesis (DCS) technique is an application of this theoretic framework. In this thesis, we show how DCS can be used for WSN. Thus, its potential is at two levels. The intra-cluster scheduling of a redundant group of sensors with specifications expressing the mutual exclusion during the activation of a sensor within a cluster, essential to save the energy within the network and then a multicriteria automatic generation of an optimal routing functionality. Specifically, an optimal path should have both a minimal length and go through nodes having maximal residual energy. The cited formal tools lean on a modelling approach based on communicating finite state machines (CFSM). The scientific challenges are generally related to the nature of the WSN as well as to its size. The DCS can only generates a monoblock controllers, while the WSN’s behavior is essentially distributed. The issue is how to distribute a global controller, who appears in the form of a logical constraint expressed on the global state of the network, into local controllers while adding the necessary synchronization to guarantee a distributed functioning equivalent to the initially generated controller
Bramas, Quentin. "Réseaux de capteurs sans fil efficaces en énergie." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066309/document.
Full textA wireless sensor network is an ad-hoc network connecting small devices equipped with sensors. Such networks are self-organized and independent of any infrastructure. The deployment of a WSN is possible in areas inaccessible to humans, or for applications with a long lifetime requirement. Indeed, devices in a wireless sensor network are usually battery-powered, tolerate failure, and may use their own communication protocols, allowing them to optimize the energy consumption. The main application of WSNs it to sense the environment at different locations and aggregate all the data to a specific node that logs it and can send alerts if necessary. This task of data aggregation is performed regularly, making it the most energy consuming. As reducing the energy consumed by sensor is the leading challenge to ensure sustainable applications, we tackle in this thesis the problem of aggregating efficiently the data of the network. Then, we study lifetime evaluation techniques and apply it to benchmark existing energy-centric protocols
Bramas, Quentin. "Réseaux de capteurs sans fil efficaces en énergie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066309.
Full textA wireless sensor network is an ad-hoc network connecting small devices equipped with sensors. Such networks are self-organized and independent of any infrastructure. The deployment of a WSN is possible in areas inaccessible to humans, or for applications with a long lifetime requirement. Indeed, devices in a wireless sensor network are usually battery-powered, tolerate failure, and may use their own communication protocols, allowing them to optimize the energy consumption. The main application of WSNs it to sense the environment at different locations and aggregate all the data to a specific node that logs it and can send alerts if necessary. This task of data aggregation is performed regularly, making it the most energy consuming. As reducing the energy consumed by sensor is the leading challenge to ensure sustainable applications, we tackle in this thesis the problem of aggregating efficiently the data of the network. Then, we study lifetime evaluation techniques and apply it to benchmark existing energy-centric protocols
Munir, Muhammad Farukh. "Optimisation inter-couche de réseaux de capteurs et capteurs-actionneurs sans fil." Paris, ENST, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ENST0039.
Full textMabrouki, Issam. "Marches aléatoires dans les réseaux de capteurs sans-fil." Télécom Bretagne, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TELB0081.
Full textRamassamy, Cédric. "Analyse des protocoles des réseaux de capteurs sans-fil." Thesis, Antilles-Guyane, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AGUY0586/document.
Full textWireless sensor networks is one of the hotest research topic in the last few years. This technology can be applied for different fields such as environment, industry, trading, medicine, military etc. Wireless sensor networks are hard to conceive because they require a lot of energy and because each of its component may have an influence on the lifetime of the whole system. What we suggest is a tool allowing to choose the correct and optimal parameters for the reliability of the applications.In this thesis, we focused on two major problems : firstly, a classification of the parameters for a tool allowing to make decisions about the configuration of a wireless sensors network, and secondly, a tool testing the compliance of the system with a real environment. The document is divided into two parts : the first part states the different protocols that exist, and the second part describes our contributions to those topics.In the first contribution, we analyzed how influential the radio cover and the network topology are on the network performances. Then, we deduced from the study of the loss rate and of the level of energy, the reliability of the application. Next, we suggested a study leading to a classification for our decision making tool. For this classification, we studied various parameters related to the MAC layer, the Physical layer, the network layer, the application layer the number of nodes involved in the network.In the second contribution, we adopted a pragmatic approach so we could test the conformity of a wireless sensors network in a real environment. In order to test its conformity in a real environment, we suggested a structured test execution on a real wireless sensor network. This task has been suggested in order to check the conformance level of the network while it was working
Makkaoui, Leila. "Compression d'images dans les réseaux de capteurs sans fil." Phd thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00795503.
Full textDu, Wan. "Modélisation et simulation de réseaux de capteurs sans fil." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00690466.
Full textLeone, Rémy. "Passerelle intelligente pour réseaux de capteurs sans fil contraints." Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ENST0038/document.
Full textLow-Power and Lossy Network (LLN)s are constrained networks composed by nodes with little resources (memory, CPU, battery). Those networks are typically used to provide real-time measurement of their environment in various contexts such as home automation or smart cities. LLNs connect to other networks by using a gateway that can host various enhancing features due to its key location between constrained and unconstrained devices. This thesis shows three contributions aiming to improve the reliability and performance of a LLN by using its gateway. The first contribution introduce a non-intrusive estimator of a node radio usage by observing its network traffic passing through the gateway. The second contribution offers to determine the validity time of an information within a cache placed at the gateway to reduce the load on LLNs nodes by doing a trade-off between energy cost and efficiency. Finally, we present Makesense, an open source framework for reproducible experiments that can document, execute and analyze a complete LLN experiment on simulation or real nodes from a unique description
Leone, Rémy. "Passerelle intelligente pour réseaux de capteurs sans fil contraints." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ENST0038.
Full textLow-Power and Lossy Network (LLN)s are constrained networks composed by nodes with little resources (memory, CPU, battery). Those networks are typically used to provide real-time measurement of their environment in various contexts such as home automation or smart cities. LLNs connect to other networks by using a gateway that can host various enhancing features due to its key location between constrained and unconstrained devices. This thesis shows three contributions aiming to improve the reliability and performance of a LLN by using its gateway. The first contribution introduce a non-intrusive estimator of a node radio usage by observing its network traffic passing through the gateway. The second contribution offers to determine the validity time of an information within a cache placed at the gateway to reduce the load on LLNs nodes by doing a trade-off between energy cost and efficiency. Finally, we present Makesense, an open source framework for reproducible experiments that can document, execute and analyze a complete LLN experiment on simulation or real nodes from a unique description
NICOLAS, Charbel. "Sur l'adaptation au contexte des réseaux de capteurs sans fil." Phd thesis, Institut National des Télécommunications, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00762223.
Full textCorbellini, Giorgio. "MAC adaptatif pour les réseaux de capteurs sans fil hétérogènes." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00771767.
Full textChamp, Julien. "Communication et Localisation dans les réseaux de capteurs sans-fil." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20133.
Full textRecent advancements in the fields of telecommunications and miniaturization make it possible to deploy for a reasonnable cost, autonomous communicating objects in order to collect environmental data, or to respond when a given event appears in the deployment area. Due to the emergence of these new kind of ad hoc networks, it is needed to design various new protocols, adapted to the constraints of considered objects and to the specific needs of targeted applications.During this thesis, the objective was to contribute to the field of wireless sensor networks by proposing solutions for some of the most important issues. In the first part of this document, dedicated to communication problems, we study and propose a new energy efficient geographical routing mechanism which overcomes the periodic exchange of HELLO messages, often required to determine sensors neighborhood. We also extend this method when considering the presence of location errors of sensors. Next, we have studied a strategy to enhance the lifetime of the network when periodic queries must be sent from the base station to the whole network, by adapting an efficient localized broadcast algorithm, in order to balance energy consumption between nodes. Additionally we have shown that it is not necessary to recompute the broadcast trees for each query to obtain a good lifetime.In the second part of this document, we considered the localization problem in wireless multihop networks. After a study of some of the most interesting solutions in the litterature, we propose a new family of localization methods which are well suited for wireless sensor networks, using 2-hop information and force-based algorithms. Through extensive simulations we show the scalabity of our method, and its ability to obtain accurate results, even when considering complex topologies or the presence of large measurement errors
Nicolas, Charbel. "Sur l'adaptation au contexte des réseaux de capteurs sans fil." Thesis, Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TELE0037/document.
Full textBeing mobile, the wireless sensors must adapt to the changing environment. Therefore, in the first part of this thesis we propose a mechanism to adapt the WSN architecture dynamically based on the detected context; this includes the dynamic detection of the topology change, the detection of the new context and consequently the dynamic adaptation of the communication layer. All of these actions are executed under constraints on energy consumption. The work done in this part poses the question of detecting the new context. This is a rather difficult question because it is unclear. The purpose of the second part is to detect on the fly the type of the competitor technology generating a traffic that interferes with the WSN. The proposed mechanism, FIM, identifies the cause of interference from errors model observed in the corrupt data packets. The context detection allows the nodes of the sensor network to obtain information about the environment. Some nodes must have more reliable information on the environment than others. How to retrieve the information? From which neighboring nodes? And what information to keep as safe and useful? Are the questions that are addressed in the third part. We propose a mechanism to dynamically decide if docition mechanisms should be used or not
Nicolas, Charbel. "Sur l'adaptation au contexte des réseaux de capteurs sans fil." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TELE0037.
Full textBeing mobile, the wireless sensors must adapt to the changing environment. Therefore, in the first part of this thesis we propose a mechanism to adapt the WSN architecture dynamically based on the detected context; this includes the dynamic detection of the topology change, the detection of the new context and consequently the dynamic adaptation of the communication layer. All of these actions are executed under constraints on energy consumption. The work done in this part poses the question of detecting the new context. This is a rather difficult question because it is unclear. The purpose of the second part is to detect on the fly the type of the competitor technology generating a traffic that interferes with the WSN. The proposed mechanism, FIM, identifies the cause of interference from errors model observed in the corrupt data packets. The context detection allows the nodes of the sensor network to obtain information about the environment. Some nodes must have more reliable information on the environment than others. How to retrieve the information? From which neighboring nodes? And what information to keep as safe and useful? Are the questions that are addressed in the third part. We propose a mechanism to dynamically decide if docition mechanisms should be used or not
Khan, Farooq. "Accès multiple et allocation des ressources pour réseaux multimédia sans fil." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997VERS0003.
Full textBenamrouche, Bilal. "Efficacité énergétique des architectures de communication sans fil IR-UWB pour les réseaux de capteurs sans fil." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ISAT0023/document.
Full textThis Ph.D. Subject proposes the design of a new generation of wireless sensor networks (WSN) based on impulse radio ultra-wide band (IR-UWB), reconfigurable upon the application, reliable and ultra-low power. Applications like structure health monitoring of aerospace structures or portable smart sensing systems for human protection can be targeted. These industrial applications impose very demanding specifications for the wireless communication protocol (in some cases, new services are needed like: localization, clock synchronization, real-time transmission, etc) on one side, and for the circuit design, on the other side, as the ultra-low power circuits are needed. Energy efficiency is the major driver in today development of the wireless sensor networks. We chose impulse radio ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) technique for our developments. IR-UWB is a very promising technique able to respond to the wireless communication protocol constraints and to energy efficiency constraints.! The objective of this Ph.D. will be to design an ultra-low power IR-UWB transceiver. IR-UWB signal processing techniques has to be study and innovator solution has to be proposed for the implementation of the IR-UWB transceiver. The first prototype will be developed on FPGA boards (and/or USRP boards) and the final IR-UWB transceiver will be an ASIC in CMOS technology. The design of an ultra-low power consumption of the CMOS transceiver will be a major concern. Modern ultra-low power circuit techniques from the nanometrics CMOS design kits will be used. MAC layer adapted to the demands of the application and working on IR-UWB physical layer will be also studied and designed. A microprocessor integration on the chip for power management of the different parts (sensor, communication, computing, energy harvesting) of the system can also be studied. This work will be based on the previous research results obtained in our team in the case of static WSN. This work will take plac! e in the highly stimulating and competitive environment of a E! uropean project
Alghamdi, Bandar. "Etude des méthodes d'ordonnancement sur les réseaux de capteurs sans fil." Thesis, Reims, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REIMS010/document.
Full textThe Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) is the most critical field when considering Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). It must be a self-organizing network architecture, meaning that it should be able to efficiently manage all network architecture requirements. The WBAN usually contains at least two or more body sensors. Each body sensor sends packets to or receives packets from the Personal Area Network Coordinator (PANC). The PANC is responsible for scheduling its child nodes' tasks. Scheduling tasks in the WBAN requires a dynamic and an adaptive process in order to handle cases of emergency that can occur with a given patient. To improve the most important parameters of a WBAN, such as quality link, response time, throughput, the duty-cycle, and packet delivery, we propose three scheduling processes: the semi-dynamic, dynamic, and priority-based dynamic scheduling approaches.In this thesis, we propose three task scheduling techniques, Semi-Dynamic Scheduling (SDS), Efficient Dynamic Scheduling (EDS) and High Priority Scheduling (HPS) approaches. Moreover, a comprehensive study has been performed for the WBAN platforms by classifying and evaluating them. We also investigate the mobility model for the WBANs by designing an architecture that describe this model. In addition, we detail a diagnosis procedure by using classification methods in order to solve very sensitive epidemic diseases. Then, our proposals have been validated using two techniques to check out the feasibility of our proposals. These techniques are simulation scenarios using the well-known network simulator OPNET and real implementations over TelosB motes under the TinyOS system
Chevalier, Ludovic. "Performances de l'optique sans fil pour les réseaux de capteurs corporels." Thesis, Limoges, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIMO0118/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with the performance of optical girelles communications for body area networks (BAN) as an alternative solution to the radiofrequency one, in the context of mobile healthcare monitoring. After presenting the main characteristics of a BAN using the radiofrequency technology, specifically in the UWB band, we explain the advantages of the optical wireless technology. Diffuse propagation based on infrared technology is then considered for BAN, exploiting optical reflections from environment surfaces. Several optical wireless channel modeling methods are introduced, and we consider two solutions for the link between two on-body nodes: a classical method named “one reflection model”, used to estimate performance variations, and a ray-launching method, used to take into account a great amount of optical reflections. Considering several scenarios, we determine the outage probability, and show that the diffuse optical wireless technology is able to achieve an on-body link, with the data rates and the quality of service required by health monitoring applications, for a transmitted power far lower than the limit defined in standards. Then, we evaluate the theoretical performance, in terms of error probability, of an optical wireless BAN, considering the optical code division multiple access technique. Finally, we show that a BAN using optical wireless technology is theoretically feasible, regarding a health monitoring application, and considering the mobility of the patient in indoor environment
Roth, Damien. "Gestion de la mobilité dans les réseaux de capteurs sans fil." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00793315.
Full textSalhi, Ismail. "Un codage réseau contraint pour les réseaux de capteurs sans fil." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00794618.
Full textLucas, Pierre-Yves. "Modélisations, Simulations, Synthèses pour des réseaux dynamiques de capteurs sans fil." Thesis, Brest, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BRES0114/document.
Full textThe integration of environment and information systems is progressing quickly since 10 years. This allows to monitor natural, physical or societal evolutions; to capture their logic and sometimes to control their effects. This integration is feasible thanks to many technical and scientific progresses: sensors, wireless communications, system on chips, batteries, distributed systems and geo-localization. The benefits are important for climate change monitoring and resource savings.In this context, we have firstly achieved a learning of technologies and several practical system realizations. We have produced a navigation software (QuickMap) allowing to interface gis databases and tile servers similar to OpenStreetMap, taking care of sensor locations and outputs. QuickMap is also a nice frontend to produce cellular systems oriented to physical simulations.Using the NetGen platform, we have produced a simulation framework allowing to schedule mobile moves with sensor field activities. A case study was leo satellites visiting remote sensor systems, with investigations on two algorithms suitable for data collection and control.Finally we have addressed the question of observation system virtualization by using an high level, process oriented virtual machine (tvm) to control the wireless link, a step forward to make the distributed and local behaviours homogeneous in terms of programming and simulation.Many of our developments are currently involved in active projects.This thesis was funded by a grant of Brest Metropole Oceane (BMO) and was achieved in a wireless research group at University of Brest, Lab-STICC laboratory
Messai, Sarra. "Gestion de la mobilité dans les réseaux de capteurs sans fil." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1183.
Full textWireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are increasingly invading our lives. With the rise of Internet of Things (IoT), WSNs are used in applications that require observation of the physical world and data collection. However, many obstacles inherent to the specificities of WSNs must be overcome before reaching the maturity of this technology. Among these obstacles, the resource limitations such as energy, computing capability, bandwidth and storage capability of sensor nodes. In this thesis, we focus on mobility management as a solution to improve network performance in terms of energy consumption and optimization of data collection. A mobile wireless sensor network is a network in which at least the base station is mobile.We first looked at the case where only the base station is mobile. In this context, we proposed a network organization that leverages base station mobility to optimize data collection while reducing the dissipated energy by sensor nodes. The proposed organization is based on a grid architecture and an optimized base station mobility algorithm for collecting data. We implemented our solution in the NS-2 simulation environment. The obtained simulation results show clearly the improvement of our proposal compared to other existing approaches. Then we looked at the case where the mobility is total, in other words, each sensor node in the network can be mobile. In this case, we worked on the issue of key management to ensure the security of data collection. In this context, we proposed a new key management scheme based on the random key pre-distribution. Our solution has the particularity of ensuring the self-healing of the network where sensor nodes are compromised. We evaluated and implemented our solution and compared it with two other reference schemes to show its effectiveness
Audeoud, Henry-Joseph. "Routage efficace et garanti dans les réseaux de capteurs sans fil." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAM055.
Full textThe wireless sensor networks that we work with in this thesis are a set of devices connected to eachother by low-rate and low-power technologies. Their role is to produce measures on the physical environ-ment around them (meteorological and climate condition tracking, monitoring of industrial installations,control of distribution grids, topographical surveillance. . . ). These measures must then be collected out ofthe network. Since the sensors have short range radios, transmissions are multi-hop, the sensors close tothe destination relaying the information transmitted by those which are further away from it. Because ofthe movement of the nodes themselves or of objects in their environment interfering with wireless commu-nications, the exact topology of the network is subject to change. In addition, the battery-powered sensorsare limited in energy and therefore in transmission abilities. The power-saving techniques applied to turnoff the radio most of the time impose synchronization constraints.To route information through the network, the routing protocol establishes routes, so that the sensorscan relay information from and to the network border router through reliable links leading to the destina-tion through short paths. Due to sensor limitations, the routing must be energy efficient, i.e. the overloadof the radio transmissions involved by the routing algorithm itself must be as lightweight as possible. Itmust also be able to restore connectivity on a network topology change without creating routing loops thatnegatively impact the quality of service and the energy reserves of the nodes.This document describes a routing protocol that meets these objectives. It is capable of creating a self-healing collection tree that extracts information out of the network, as well as from the routes to distributecommand messages or acknowledgment to the nodes. It also validates the data path of each packet toensure that they never enter a routing loop. The protocol is run in simulations and also on real platformexperiments, showing the effectiveness of the proposed mechanisms.In order to improve its ability to choose the best available links, I also propose the use of a new esti-mation of their quality. It is based on two complementary measurements: a long-term measurement ofthe ambient noise level on the radio channel, and a measurement of the power of the signal received fromthe transmitter. These two measurements provide an estimate of the signal-to-noise ratio, and thereby theexpected reception rate. This estimate is both accurate, quick to obtain, and adapted to the constraints ofsensors and networks we are talking about
Miao, Huifang. "Connectixité, forte orientation des graphes et réseaux de capteurs sans fil." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112095.
Full textThis thesis is mainly about some parameters of graphs--connectivity, strong distance, the orientation of graphs and some applications in wireless sensor networks. In Chapter 2, we model that each sensor nodes monitors exact one target. We present the disjoint sets coverage and connectivity problem, and prove it is NP-complete. In Chapter 3, we consider the wireless sensor networks satisfying that each node monitors one target or just for connection. Assume G is l(k-1)+1-connected, then we can find k (the maximum number) disjoint sets each of which completely covers all the targets and remains connected to one of the central processing nodes. And we also give the related algorithms to find the k disjoint sets. In Chapter 4, based on the model described in Chapter 3, assume the working time of the node only for connection is d times as the one both for monitoring and connection. We show that it is NP-complete to attain energy efficiency. An algorithm is designed for it. Chapter 5 is about the strong distance in oriented complete k-partite graphs. In Chapter 6, we determine the lower orientable strong radius and diameter of complete k-partite graphs, and give the upper orientable strong diameter and the bounds on the upper orientable strong radius of complete k-partite graphs. In Chapter 7, we show that each complete k-partite graph has an optimal strong (k, d)-orientation
Kacimi, Rahim. "Techniques de conservation d'énergie pour les réseaux de capteurs sans fil." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPT035H/document.
Full textTechnological advances during the last few years allowed the development of new and cheap sensors equiped with wireless communication which can be configured to form autonomous networks. The application areas for wireless sensor networks (WSN) are various: home automations, health care services, military domain, and environment monitoring. The imposed constraints are limited capacity of processing, storage, and especially energy. In addition, implementing WSN solutions is highly open and requires that the infrastructure, the mechanisms and the protocols should be completely designed based on each specific application.In this thesis, we first focused on small networks. We designed « Placide », a protocol stack solution for cold chain monitoring proposed within the ANR-CAPTEURS project. The first originality of this solution is based on the absence of infrastructure and base stations. « Placide » is composed of self-organizing and energy-efficient protocols based on a virtual ring construction between nodes. The second topic is devoted to an experimental study on Link Quality Indicator (LQI). There are two main objectives. Firstly, we want to endorse our precise assumptions of the first part of the work. Secondly, our poposed link quality based protocols and algorithms willbe described. We focused on LQI variations according to distance between nodes and transmission power.Thereafter, the impact of LQI on the network topology has been studied. Feedbacks are important to understand which factors affect the network lifetime. The last contribution relates to the use of these observations by proposing load balancing strategies. Our idea is that very reduced protocols and simple mechanisms can be used in routing protocols. We illustrate these principles through simple examples where we show the superiority of these solutions compared to standard routing like shortest path for example
Moulahi, Tarek. "Algorithmes de diffusion dans les réseaux dynamiques de capteurs sans fil." Thesis, Besançon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BESA2021/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we are interested in the task of diffusion in networks of dynamic wireless sensors RCSF. This is an essential and primordial task, since it is necessary for neighbor discovery, routing, information distribution throughout the network, node location and time synchronization.[...]
Bizagwira, Honoré. "Réseaux de capteurs sans fil étendu robuste exploitant des liens atypiques." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF22770/document.
Full textThis thesis takes place in the context of environmental monitoring applications requiring regular measurements of biological or geophysical characteristics. These applications include for instance the measuring of the spread of pollutants in rivers, monitoring of the development of bacteria in bathing waters, etc. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) provide cost-effective and reliable solutions to allow the automation of such data gathering. The good functioning of these networks depends on the quality of the radio transmissions, which is particularly true in environments where the conditions are not suitable for the propagation of radio waves and where the links may therefore be intermittent. The objective of this work is to propose an effective protocol solution under such conditions, in the particular case of a sensor network deployed on the water surface. The thesis begins with a description of the methodology, mechanisms and a platform for exploring the quality of a radio link displayed at the water surface. We present different measures that have been carried out. The protocol solutions we propose take into account the evolutionary nature of the topology due to the instability of the radio links in order to improve the efficiency of the data gathering and to reduce the energy consumption of the nodes. Our approach is based on the periodic reconstruction of the topology, the communication between nodes by appointments defined by transmission windows, the use of the multi-channel to drain the data and the adaptation of the transmission window size as a function of local traffic. All these propositions are validated by prototyping and simulation using NS-3. The results show that our solution is capable of collecting data in a dynamic topology while reducing both gathering time and energy consumption
Boumerzoug, Hayette. "Gestion de la sécurité dans les réseaux de capteurs sans fil." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2011. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/5174/1/030329315.pdf.
Full textDihissou, Akimu Ayan Niyi. "Système antennaire directif et reconfigurable pour réseaux de capteurs sans fil." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR4013/document.
Full textStudies have shown that the communication subsystem is one of the greatest sources of energy consumption in wireless sensor networks. This subsystem is directly bounded to the type of antenna used on the radio module. Several sensor nodes are equipped with omnidirectional antennas leading to a waste of energy due to the shape of their beam. Instead of using omnidirectional antennas, directive and reconfigurable antennas system dedicated to wireless sensor networks are presented in this work so as to alleviate the waste of energy. On one hand, such dedicated antennae should be small in size and particularly designed by taking into consideration the frequency bandwidth of the node. On the other hand, their radiation pattern should also be reconfigurable by using powerless active components with a simple active control. To reach these objectives, we have in a first time proposed a directive solution inspired of a Printed-Yagi antenna in the ISM band (2.4-2.485) GHz. It provides high gain with a value of 7.3dB and a half power beam width BW−3dB of 57° in the azimuth plane. Secondly, we have proposed a multiple directional antenna in the ISM band. This antenna consists of six identical monopole antennas arranged in the same structure, having each one feeding port. Due to the selection of each feeding port, the proposed antenna covers the whole azimuthal plane with a simulated beam of 4.6 dB along with a half power beam width BW−3dB of 55°. Moreover, an electronic card equipped with an SP6T switch dedicated to that antenna has been developed to control the radiation pattern of the six identical antennas automatically. Willing to reduce the number of radiating elements while enhancing the radio performance, a third antenna has been proposed. It consists of a fed monopole and a loaded parasitic one having an inductance component of 9.6nH. The nature and the value of this inductance are obtained using the Uzkov equations that calculate the current weighting coefficients in the case of two separately fed antennas to maximize the gain and the directivity in the desired direction. Contrary to the use of electronic card in the control of radiation pattern prior to the conception of the third antenna, the reconfigurable aspect is obtained by using reflectors and director’s elements activated by PIN diodes. It offers a maximum gain of 5.2 dB in simulation at 2.4GHz along with a half power beam width BW−3dB of 52°, in both the 270° and +90° azimuthal directions depending on the selection of the set of PIN diodes. Finally, a straight application of this structure has been proposed in order to cover more than two directions in the azimuth plane. It is an array of four monopole antennas in which two of them are fed and the two others are loaded. Such antenna is capable to steer its radiation pattern in the azimuth plane covering 360° directions (0°, 90°, 180° and 270°). The achieved simulated realized total gain is 4 dB for each radiation pattern in the azimuth plane along with a half power beam width of about 60°. Measurement campaign test has been carried out for each proposed antenna in this work. During these measurements, the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) has been the paramount value to estimate the antenna performance in connection with the sensor node. Following this measurement campaign, we have been able to notice that the use of only directive antennas is not sufficient in a random deployment of sensor nodes. Hence, the reconfigurable aspect of the beam pattern by use of powerless active components should be taken into consideration. Such kind of antennas provide an improvement of the RSSI, which is a key factor in the reduction of collisions drastically on one hand, and on the other hand related to a reduction of power consumption
Zayani, Hafedh. "Etude et optimisation des protocoles de réseaux de capteurs sans fil." Paris, CNAM, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CNAM0953.
Full textLes travaux présentés dans cette thèse portent sur la mise en place de nouveaux protocoles économiseurs d’énergie pour les réseaux de capteurs sans fil (RCSF). Suite à une analyse approfondie des principaux travaux de recherches sur ce sujet, nous avons proposé de nouveaux protocoles multicouches de routage et de contrôle d’accès au medium (ECo-MAC) permettant d’augmenter de manière significative la durée de vie des ces réseaux. Après la conception de deux modèles génériques de nœuds : « capteur » et « station de base », nous évaluons sous le simulateur OPNET les performances de ces nouvelles propositions. Une analyse comparative avec des travaux de référence, a montré pour différentes configurations de réseaux, l’efficacité de nos propositions en termes de gains énergétiques et de latence de bout en bout. Dans une seconde étape, après description des activités des nœuds du réseau par des automates temporisés, nous avons, à l’aide de l’outil UPPAAL, vérifié le comportement du protocole MAC et justifié formellement les valeurs adoptés en phase de simulation de certains paramètres, en particulier la durée d’un time slot. Dans une dernière étape, partant d’une modélisation de la procédure backoff de notre protocole ECo-MAC basée sur les chaînes de Markov à temps discret, et à l’aide de l’environnement de vérification probabiliste PRISM, nous justifions les choix que nous avons retenus pour les valeurs de certains paramètres intégrés dans cette procédure
Hadjidj, Abdelkrim. "Réseaux de capteurs sans fil pour la supervision des systèmes critiques." Compiègne, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012COMP2044.
Full textJacquot, Aurélien. "Supervision de réseaux d'objets intelligents communicants sans fil." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00719350.
Full textJacquot, Aurélien. "Supervision de réseaux d'objets intelligents communicants sans fil." Phd thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CLF22019.
Full textHan, Bing. "Allocation distribuée des requêtes dans le réseau de capteur sans fil." Paris,Télécom ParisTech, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00006032.
Full textWireless sensor network architecture can be greatly simplified by enabling the mobile users to access directly the sensor nodes. Under this case, both efficiency and fairness should be considered in order to keep the network in an optimal operational state and the fairness is especially important as long as the users are actually the clients that pay for the services provided by the network. We studied this fairness problem from a user's point view. We have identified and studied the following problems: 1. The problem to allocate the continuous query with max-min fairness in a WSN. We obtained explicit expression for the case where only two uses are in the network and we proposed a distributed heuristic algorithm to solve a more user case. 2. The problem to allocate the discrete queries with fairness. Under this case, we used lexicographic max-min fairness and we proposed new formulation and solution for the problem. 3. The feasibility to reformulate the fairness problem and implement the solution in a 802. 15. 4/ZigBee based WSN. 4. The MMKP used in the formulation of the fairness problem. We have studied this problem by simulation experiments. We proposed a systematic method to generate the MMKP instances and we tested several groups of instances with the BBLP algorithm and two optimization utilities, namely the GLPK and CPLEX
Nguyen, Tuan-Duc. "Stratégies MIMO Coopératives pour Réseaux de Capteurs Sans Fil Contraints en Energie." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00469691.
Full textTran, Le-Quang-Vinh. "Optimisation énergétique des transmissions coopératives pour les réseaux de capteurs sans fil." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00828261.
Full textTovinakere, Dwarakanath Vivek. "Contrôleurs reconfigurables ultra-faible consommation pour les réseaux de capteurs sans fil." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00859921.
Full textKhan, Safdar Abbas, and Safdar Abbas Khan. "Localisation et détection de fautes dans les réseaux de capteurs sans fil." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00795394.
Full textMansour, Ismail. "Contribution à la sécurité des communications des réseaux de capteurs sans fil." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00877033.
Full textSaad, Clément. "Quelques contributions dans les réseaux de capteurs sans fil : Localisation et Routage." Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00364914.
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