Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Les préjugés'
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Fortin, Marie-Elisa. "Les préjugés entre Québécois natifs et Québécois immigrants : comment une dynamique groupale interculturelle permet-elle l'évolution du préjugé." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/68349.
Full textNumerous immigrants of different origins, customs, religions and languages are welcomed every year in theQuebec City area, resulting in a growing diversification of the population. The emergence of prejudices andstereotypes towards them is becoming an increasingly worrisome subject and can have concreterepercussions on their reality. Although the second half of the 20th century was marked by the development ofnumerous policies aimed at facilitating the integration of newcomers and the sensitization and openness of thehost society, daily interactions and discriminatory public expressions relating to hateful gestures and words arestill very present in this 21st century Quebec. Although the establishment of cultural mediation spaces inintercultural contexts can lead to greater cultural sensitivity, little research has been done on the effects ofinteractions on the mutual perceptions of natives and immigrants. Considering these different findings, theobjective of this study is to explore how prejudices evolve within an intercultural group experience. Therefore,this research questions how the interactional dynamics within the group can positively transform perceptions ofeach other. From the perspective of symbolic interactionism and social representation theory, this qualitativeresearch is based on the use of MICAM, a model based on mutual accompaniment, cooperation andintercultural mediation, offering a space for interactive exchange, sharing and reflection. Data was collectedfrom five native Quebecers and five immigrant Quebecers, participating in seven group workshops (MICAM)and two semi-directed qualitative interviews (pre- and post-group). The results collected show that this methodoffers sustained contact between individuals, and that listening, testimonials, transmission of information andself-reflection contribute to greater mutual recognition and the development of positive attitudes among thenative-born towards immigrants who interact in the group. These findings demonstrate the relevance ofoffering spaces for cultural mediation in intercultural contexts in order to improve interactions betweennewcomers and members of the host society
Mahfud, Yara. "Distance culturelle, multiculturalisme et préjugés à l’égard des immigrés." Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100101/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we have studied – on the one hand – the way how perceived cultural distance between the immigrants and the French majority group is linked to prejudice by examining French people’s point of view. Several factors can influence this link: the endorsement to multiculturalism compared to other integration models, the perception of this model as a threat to national identity or the presentation of multiculturalism in abstract terms (i.e. its objectives) or concrete (i.e. its implementation in a national context). The results have shown that among the French who endorse multiculturalism, the perception of cultural distance weakly correlates with prejudice whereas it correlates more among the French who endorse assimilation’s integration model. By focusing on French people who prefer multiculturalism, we showed that the perception of this model as a threat to national identity can also influence the impact of cultural distance on prejudice. Among the French who perceive multiculturalism as threatening, cultural distance involves more prejudice than among those who perceive it as less threatening. A source of threat to multiculturalism could reside in the way it is presented – its degree of abstraction – with more threat when we refer to concrete policy achievement in a country rather than the abstract ideal model. Indeed, in a comparative study between France and the Netherlands, we showed that the link between cultural distance and prejudice towards immigrants is higher when multiculturalism is defined in concrete terms than with its abstract definition
Dambrun, Michaël. "Dominance sociale et préjugés : la régulation sociale des cognitions intergroupes." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CLF20009.
Full textOrtega-Marin, Alexander. "Les préjugés raciaux et de classe dans l'œuvre de Marvel Moreno." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL161.
Full textThe present research establishes an analysis of the discourse and narrative of the Barranquillan author Marvel Moreno. First, it was necessary to determine the background investigation on the same topic to be able to later elaborate a corpus which took into account the maximum of value judgments about the two notions, consequently. Finally, the reconstruction of the terms racist-code and social-code of the author’s literature, was reconstructed in accordance with the theoretical definitions as well as with the literature itself, analyzing terms such as racism, race, black person or negro, half blood, mulatto, white person, “down at heel person”, an upstart person or parvenu and middle class, aristocracy and bourgeoisie. The pertinent of this study is therefore justified by the absence so far of another study that treats the same chosen narratives and discourses used by the author to explain the social conflict in the fictional Barranquilla. From a methodological point of view, the goal was to see how narrators and characters judge and were judged. Consequently, it was demonstrated that the narrative voices focus on describe the social and racial codes belonging to the upper class, which at the same time and through their prejudices construct the rest of the society validating in this way the elite’s racist and excluding identity
La presente indagine consiste in un’analisi discorsiva delle nozioni di razza e di classe sociale nella narrativa di Marvel Moreno, scrittrice di Barranquilla. In un primo momento è stato necessario determinare gli antecedenti dei due temi, per poi stabilire un corpus di racconti che ne trattano. Infine, si sono ricostruiti il codice razzista e il codice sociale dell’opera attraverso lo studio di termini come razzismo, razza, meticcio, mulatto, bianco, negro, aristocrazia, borghesia, fallito, arricchito, nuovo ricco e classe media. L’importanza di questa ricerca è avvalorata dall’assenza, fino ad oggi, di un lavoro che chiarisca i pregiudizi e gli stereotipi della società rappresentata dall’autrice a partire dall’opera stessa, dalla teoria letteraria e dalla storia colombiana. Da un punto di vista metodologico si sono analizzate le opinioni delle voci narranti per descrivere e qualificare personaggi e situazioni. Di conseguenza, si è dimostrato che, all’interno dell’universo fittizio dell’autrice, le ideologie ereditate dal periodo coloniale configurano modalità di pensiero e relazioni di potere nella società
Kim, Jong-Cheol. "La critique des préjugés en France au XVIIIe siècle : de Montesquieu à Dumarsais." Paris 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA010573.
Full textTo the thinkers of the enlightenment, the prejudices are difined as the social evils. However it is important to note the variety of conceptions. In the first half of the enlightenment, there is a dumarsais who want, in a simple way, to end those evils, while a montesquieu want to keep that is existent. In fact, the various forms of the struggles that they have adopted against the prejudices constitute the philosophy of the enlightenment
Ramond, Catherine. "Contexte de référence et catégorisation : approches psychophysique et psychosociale de l'influence de croyances stéréotypées." Aix-Marseille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX10082.
Full textWhen we judge an object on a physical or social dimension, this one would be compared to other objects more or less similar. The term context refers to a representation of the set of objects. In psychophysical research, context is a block of stimuli presented and manipulated by the researcher. In social studies, contexts are "pre-existing", stored in memory, and activated at the time of judgment. Several contexts are able to be activated : a target object (a man) would be referred to its category (the men), or to its category and an antagonistic category (the women). So, we consider activation of contexts, and we study factors that influence the availability (and activation) of a particular context. We consider influence of stereotyped beliefs on judgments of happiness and sensitiveness, and we manipulate experimental design, perceived variability of the evoked categories, and the nature of the categorical system (dichotomous or not). With psychophysical material, we construct a belief by presenting several blocks of stimuli successively, and we study the influence of this experimental belief in manipulating the three previous factors. Influences of stereotyped beliefs on social or physical judgments are explained like contextual effects. All results are interpreted with several facilitation principles, they are simulated with a model currently being development
Mollo, Vittoria. "Pour L'Orgueil et contre les Préjugés: Mémoires de George Sand et Valérie Trierweiler, femmes répudiées." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/674.
Full textCollange, Julie. "Menace du soi et expression des préjugés : influence de l'état affectif et du groupe d'appartenance de la cible." Paris 5, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA05H044.
Full textIn this work, we explored the influence of two factors on the existing link between self-threat and the derogation of a stereotyped target (Fein & Spencer, 1997): (1) affective state and (2) the group to which the target belongs to. On the one hand, assuming that self-threat leads to a negative self-relevant affective state; our aim was to show that this affective state could be a complementary explanation to the motivational one. So, firstly, we have tested the impact of such affective state on the stereotyped target perception. Secondly, we investigated the potential mediating role of self-conscious emotions (as consequence ofself-threat) in person perception. On the other hand, our second goal was to show that flot ail stereotyped target, according their stereotype content, would facilitate people’s seif-enhancement goal, and thus, would be derogated following self-threat
Chouinard, Marie-Pierre. "La présence de stéréotypes dans les articles d'opinion l'exemple de la communauté juive de Montréal." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2010. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/5181.
Full textBARAN, LANDA EVA. "Formes du prejuge dans la situation psychanalytique. Leur rapport au narcissisme." Paris 7, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA070016.
Full textOur first purpose is to contribute to the elaboration of a psycho-analytic conception of prejudice, then to try afterwards to situate prejudice regarding the narcissic axis in the analytic relation, beyond the simple consideration of its negative aspects. Freud recognized that some prejudices have the quality of valid intuition being near to inconscient truths. Our approach to prejudice is in the perspective of a composition's work of the real uniting the incontestable elements of reality, the figures obtained this way being conditioned by the unconscious. Narcissic forms of prejudice may be understood as an expression of self-love, corollary to hate for the other: the other who evokes the distance between the actual ego and its ideals or the subject who sensibilizes internal fissures (unanalysable residue mobilizing drive representations connected to irreparable psychic mutilations). Socio-cultural and theorical prejudices exist not only as a threat to the analyst's neutrality but they can also contribute to regulate the right distance between the psycho, analytical situation's partners. From the first interview, the analyst has to prejudge the analysability of an individual and his own capacities of cathexis in this particular analysis. The sujet suppose savoir is an idealizing prejudice that is the driving force of transference. The counter-transference's prejudices can be see as an obstacle to the treatment but also as an instrument to obtain knowledge about the other and about oneself. The survey of clinical cases presenting the depreciating transference, destructive narcissism and delirious prejudice shows that nonpsychotic prejudices and delirious beliefs correspond to very different functionings. The aim of analytical process is not to suppress the psychoanalysant's prejudices; infantile prototypes can constitute his singularity and identity postulate. Our development has shown the necessity of a revision of the initial model of the narcissic prejudice as self-love / object hate (in connection to the concept of pure pleasure-ego). The narcissic prejudice contributes to the origine of the separation between inside and outside. The separation of two psychic spaces, until now undissociated, gives way to a first system of defence (the projection of hate) compatible with the self-cathexis
Popa-Roch, Maria-Antoneta. "Validation expérimentale d'une mesure implicite du préjugé : le test d'associations implicites." Grenoble 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE29001.
Full textThis thesis aimed at contributing to the topic of construct validity of the Implicit Association Test (IAT, Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998), considered as a prejudice measure. Although the IAT is currently employed for both research and applied purposes, the mechanism underlying the IAT effect is not yet fully understood. We adopted an experimental approach of the IAT construct validity in order to improve the comprehension of the IAT functioning. The IAT task was adapted to the French social context, where the North African minority is most frequently the target of prejudice. Considered together, Experiments 2, 3, 4 and 5 suggested that the IAT experimental situation has a threatening potential through the transparency of its purpose. The consequence would be an artificial inflation of the positive IAT effects (in the sense of in-group preferences). Experiments 6 and 7 confirmed that attention processes implied by binary categorisations could account, at least partially, for the IAT effect. Furthermore, we predicted that due to participant inclusion in one of the two target categories (i. E. , French versus North-African), categorisation of stimuli related to the "Self" may be an available heuristic with an important contribution to positive IAT effects reflecting in-group favouritism. Experiments 8 and 9 are consistent with this prediction. In addition, Experiment 1 demonstrated that personal characteristics such as age, education and ethnicity could exert their own influence on the IAT effect. The weights of the factors leading to the IAT effect is not yet established and, thus, undermine the construct validity of the IAT, considered as a diagnostic tool of prejudice. To conclude, we are arguing that IAT validation as a test (versus procedure) requests a clear specification of the contribution of all IAT components (i. E. , material, instructions, population and experimental conditions) to the IAT effect
Francis, Mireille. "Influence de la socialisation et des préjugés sur la participation des femmes libanaises à la vie politique." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO20049/document.
Full textIn 1952 the lebanese women acquired their right to vote. In the time, it was a triumph relatively to their fellow men of the nearby countries. But on the other hand, the Lebanese parliament is going to wait for 1963, so that the first woman reaches it. And the participation of the women in lebanese politics presents in 2008 only 4,7 % of the total of the parliament.In spite of the increase of the number of non-governmental organizations, women's movements and particular efforts concerning the feminine participation in politics: the presence of the women in the political field remains restricted.A study, on this matter, was made in 1997 and proved that the women were satisfied by their representation in the political field.Today we wonder if the students in 2008 will have developed an attitude different from that of the women in 1997? We wonder if the new generations of university academic level and the future Lebanese women confront a state of cognitive consonance concerning their participation with the political life? And as a consequence, if they are satisfied, if they live a psychic balance and they avoid the changes of attitudes or behavior susceptible to introduce some dissonance?We wonder, on the contrary, if the new generations of university academic level and the future Lebanese women confront rather a state of susceptible cognitive dissonance with a likely change in their participation in the political life? In other words, the students will be pulled between their traditional experiences favorable to their absenteeism of the political life on one hand and between their experiences of university education favorable to their promotion in all the domains of the social life, and among others the political life, on the other hand? We supposed that the new feminine generations which pursue university studies live a state of dissonance between two dissonant cognitions: it is on one hand about cognitions of socialization, about stereotypes, about prejudged, about the habit and the representations and on the other hand, the cognitions of the education and about instruction. And the hypothesis of the thesis proposed that the situation of dissonance probably lived by the young students motivates them to change their attitudes and as a consequence incites them to reduce this dissonance by eliminating or by reducing the importance of the dissonant cognitions.The technique used to detect the truthfulness of the hypothesis was the non directive interview with 51 university students.The results of the study confirmed the credibility of the hypothesis. Almost all the students announced their dissatisfaction towards the feminine participation in politics. But on the other hand the investment of the women in the political field decreased in the general election in June 2009, from 6 parliamentary women to 4 women. A reflection on the obstacles in front of the commitment of the women in the political work deducted that the demographic imbalance as well as the gendered socialization are both responsible of the feminine absence of the political arena. A proposition of the feminine quota within the parliament stays a choice among the others whom has to show validity
Er-Rafiy, Abdelatif. "L'effet bénéfique de l'augmentation de la variabilité perçue sur la réduction des préjugés et de la discrimination." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CLF20012.
Full textWe examined whether increasing individuals' perceived variability of an out-group reduces prejudice and discrimination toward its members. In a series of 16 laboratory and field experiments, we attracted participants' attention to either the homogeneity or the heterogeneity of members of an out-group, and then measured their attitudes or behaviors. Perceived variability was manipulated by making subgroups salient, by portraying the out-group members as having diverse opinions, by making salient that out-group members have different characteristics, or by asking participants to think about differences among out-group members. Prejudice and discrimination were measured in terms of self-reported attitudes, distribution of rewards, helping an out-group confederate, and evaluation of an out-group candidate in a simulated hiring decision. In all experiments, perceived variability decreased prejudice and discrimination. This effect may be due to the fact that perceived variability decreases the role of group membership in the production of attitudes and behaviors toward other individuals
Aube, Benoite. "De le perception sociale à la discrimination : une contribution à l’étude des déterminants précoces des comportements discriminatoires." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0124/document.
Full textAlthough discrimination is considered illegal and immoral, research has shown that discriminatory behaviors remained present, particularly through subtle behaviors. However, the processes underlying these effects are not clearly understood. Building on an emotional approach of prejudice (Cottrell & Neuberg, 2005), the main goal of this thesis was to investigate the causal role of emotions in discriminatory behaviors. The role of emotions was investigated here at the level of subjective feeling but also at the level of more subtle emotional reactions. Study 1 first showed that reported emotions of anger, fear and disgust mediated the link between the perceived threat associated to a social group and the behavior reported toward this group. Beyond subjective feelings, we hypothesized that the perception of an outgroup triggers early emotional reactions (i.e., behavioral tendencies), resulting in unintentional discriminatory behaviors. Consistent with our hypotheses, Studies 3-6 first showed that emotions evoked by the outgroup trigger related early behavioral tendencies. However, Studies 7 and 8 do not support the causal role of early behavioral tendencies in discriminatory behaviors. Overall, our findings provide evidence of early involvement of emotions in the discrimination process but do not support their mediating role
Jacquemard, Nathalie. "Rôle des représentations dans l'apprentissage du français langue étrangère en milieu universitaire endolingue." Paris 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA030092.
Full textThis thesis studies the rise and role of representations and hetero-stereotypes in the learning of french as a foreign language in a French-speaking university environment. The work of analysis and synthesis is based on answers to questionnaires submitted to foreign students and to teachers of French as a foreign language, native and non-native. Interviews with foreign students complete the research. The reiterated requests of foreign students concerned knowledge of the socio-cultural aspects of the host country. These requests correspond to their primary demand for communication competence in the host language. This thesis falls within the context of the didactology of languages and cultures and flows from the learning situations in the French as a foreign language teaching area. The thesis then proposes solutions likely to answer the demands formulated by both foreign students and teachers of French as a foreign language
Beaumier-Grant, Laurence. "L'impact d'un programme de formation des bénévoles en CHSLD sur leurs connaissances, leurs préjugés et leurs attitudes envers les résidents âgés." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2004. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/2354.
Full textBouyaakoubi, Lahoucine. "Le « Berbère » stéréotypé : étude des processus de construction des images et des représentations des « Berbères » du Maroc dans les sources coloniales françaises : représentation, domination et exclusion." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0515.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to research and analyze the conditions and processes that produced ethnographic, historical, and anthropological knowledge about Berbers in Morocco during the protectorate (1912-1956). The Protectorate gave rise to a series of stereotypes, both positive and negative, that served the efforts of colonialists to dominate the Berbers. Using an anthropological and historical approach, I attempt to understand the connections that existed between the ways that the colonizers viewed the Berbers and the different strategies of domination that were carried out by the colonial administration. In other words, my concern was to observe how representations of the colonized populations pàlayed a role in the domination strategy of the colonizers. During the 19th and 20th centuries, the French viewed the Berbers to be different from them in three specific ways. Firstly, they were seen as the "other" racially and culturally, which meant they were distinct and inferior to the Europeans. Secondly, the Berbers were seen to be different from the Arabs, with whom they shared land. Finally, the Berbers were a diverse group among themselves, with various cultural griups (Rifains, Shluh, and Imazighen)
Goncalves, Portelinha Isabelle. "Théorie du management de la terreur et remise en question des conceptions culturelles du monde : Quand le contexte et les croyances influencent la saillance de la mortalité." Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100056.
Full textAccording to terror management theory (TMT), people respond to mortality-related anxiety by derogating individuals or groups presenting a dissimilar worldview. On the basis of a literature review, two research questions are examined. The first question considers the role of social context in the responses induced by existential anxiety. The second question examines whether people who adopt a religious belief system (believers) differ from non-believers to control death-related anxiety due to the afterlife promises encompassed by their belief system. Nine experimental or quasi-experimental studies (N = 1112) were carried out with samples involving students and members of the French general population. Three studies show that the responses developed to manage mortality-related anxiety vary according to contextual factors (e. G. , social identity salience, social recategorization, information as to the compatibility of bicultural individuals’ identities). A set of four studies verifies that, similarly to non-believers, religious believers respond to the mortality-salience induction by buttressing their adherence to the cultural worldview they embraced. Finally, two studies suggest that afterlife beliefs do not serve a distal mortality-anxiety-buffering function. In conclusion, the interest in considering TMT in the light of social identity and social representations theories is discussed. This theoretical bridge-building should help clarifying theoretical and operational ambiguities as to the concept of cultural worldview and the paradigm of mortality salience
Romano, Guy. "La réduction du biais dispositionnel par la présentation d'évidences scientifiques pertinentes : comparaison de trois stratégies de présentation." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29388.
Full textCollaone, Olga. "Destin d'un héros scolarisable : l'élève handicapé : de l'enfermement à la normalisation." Besançon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BESA1023.
Full textIn a covert and judicious manner, a nostalgia of the sacrificial system and its “efficiency” leads our society to seek substitutes to stem the permanent crisis provoked by conflicts at all levels. This dissertation posits that nowadays, disability plays the role of sacrificial substitute, not only in the imagination but all too often within the school system. The origin of this horse race game draws our attention to many aspects which all belong to the semantic field of scapegoat, the victim through which the cohesion of society is achieved. If segregation is unacceptable, what changes are needed to bring together in ordinary schools all the students and those who have been segregated because of their learning disabilities ? Recent liberal policies (Law 11-02-2005) have done little to break with the tradition of categorization. The discourse on difference and disability plays a major role in the communication of values and ideologies. It can create confusion and doubts, as well as reveal contradictions, ambiguities and inequalities. The assimilationist method provides any learner who adjusts to it with a reassuring feeling of “normality”. It is a sign that the child is “like the others”, the guarantee that he can meet the challenges of life. As a consequence, our desecrated society requires the disabled student to be a Hero, enduring inadequate and ever more competitive scholling like a Warrior
Cohu, Medhi. "Approche psychosociale des croyances relatives à la laïcité : Création d’un outil de mesure et mise en relation avec la perception des minorités culturelles et ethniques en France." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN20041/document.
Full textLaïcité is considered a pillar of the French Republican model and is used, today, as a model of integration concerning immigrants and cultural and religious minorities in France. Research in socialpsychology studying the impact of support for the principle of laïcité on intergroup relations reveal that this principle negatively predicts the tolerance of cultural diversity. However, many sociologists, political analysts and historians agree to say that laïcité, as it is understood today, does not correspond to its initial definition, at the time of the creation of the law of Separation of Churches and the State, in 1905. Thus, it would seem that several, not only one, conceptions of laïcité exit. The objective of this thesis is to highlight the different conceptions of laïcité, and to study, to what extent, these reduce, or, on contrary, promote the tolerance of cultural and religious diversity. This objective is delineated in three lines of research: the first is to construct a measure of beliefs concerning laïcité taking into account the different interpretations of laïcité expressed in the public debate; the second is to study, to what extent, adhesion to the dimensions of laïcité is related to more or less tolerance of cultural diversity; the third is to study, to what extent, adhesion to the dimensions of laïcité reduces, or, on the contrary, promotes tolerance of religious diversity. In conclusion, this thesis shows that different conceptions of laïcité exist. These either promote tolerance of cultural and religious diversity, or on the contrary, reduce tolerance of cultural and religious diversity. The contributions of this work, both at the level of academic research, and at the societal level are discussed in the general conclusion
Padilla, Mélanie. "Des interactions carcérales." Nice, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NICE2024.
Full textKamki, Alain Poaire. "L'autre vu par les européennes en Afrique aux XXe et XXIe siècles : à propos des récits autobiographiques de Karen Blixen, Claude Njiké-Bergeret, Stefanie Zweig, Stefanie Gercke, Corinne Hofmann et Francesca Marciano." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0362.
Full textAs far as people deals with community, there are singular routes which change their situations. By so doing, desires of foreign countries, fascinations of others are reasons that moreover brought European women to sojourn in African countries during different periods. For instance, it is the case of Franco-cameroonian Claude-Njiké Bergeret, the "White queen" of Bangangte kingdom; it is the case of the Danish Karen Blixen, the "Ngong queen"; German women as Stefanie Zweig and Stefanie Gercke are not neglected. The first, because of political reasons found refugee in Kenya whereas the second, who didn't obey her parents, was sacked and sent to South-Africa. The woman of Switzerland Corinne Hofmann, after going bankrupt, felt in love with a massaï warrior and became his wife. It is finally the British-Italian Francesca Marciano, who, after losing unfortunately her father, decided to travel to Kenya for safaris, in order to forget such unhappy memories. In fact, those women wrote autobiographical novels as (Ma passion africaine, La Ferme africaine, Une enfance africaine, Mon retour d'Afrique, La Massaï blanche, L'Africaine) which relate their daily histories, tells about their life and experience in African spheres, despite the fact that these spaces are linguistically and culturally diverse. So, if these novels show proof of love and affection of Migrants for Africa and Africans, and at that time, their passion and sympathy for these people, its hide to much clichés, racial prejudgments on other, which are discovered through deeply imagology study
Nguyen, Phi Nga. "Stéréotypie et prototypie dans les méthodes de français langue étrangère : Libre échange, Le Nouvel Espaces, Panorama, Campus." Rouen, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ROUEL474.
Full textStereotypes are everywhere and well anchored in people's mind. In oder to characterize their neighbors, most eople have available a repectoire of labels called "stereotypes". The amount of pre-made language segments is also important in everyday speaking. In a dialogue, the speaker is always influenced by the other, rumor of society, which underline his/her wording. Following a carreful review of FLE methods in use in Vietnam, we are proposing to assess the current state of different approaches, which contribute to stereotypy as a theoretical object, as well as various percpectives, which put the analysis of stereotypy in the problematic sense of language in the speach and in the communication. Our goal is to try to rehebilitate, reevaluate and remodel the notion of "stereotype", which has been negleted and rejeted for most of the history of the didactic of the languages- cultures. Some didactic perspectives are concluding this research
Laroche, Guylaine. "Les rôles que jouent les préjugés dans le processus de réinsertion et de maintien en emploi de personnes qui ont vécu un arrêt de travail en raison d'un problème de santé mentale." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29507/29507.pdf.
Full textRicard, Jean-Pierre. "Le rastaquouère dans la littérature française (1880-1914) : contribution à l'étude d'un stéréotype." Paris 10, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA100082.
Full textIn 1881, a new world -rastaquouère- appeared in French. At first, the world rastaquouère meant an ostentatiously wealthy foreigner. It was widely used until the First World War. The rastaquouère soon became a stereotype of fin-de siècle literature and was as popular both on the stage and in the novel and short story. References to the rastaquouère were also widespread in the press and in contemporary social and political writing. The stereotype of the rastaquouère can be defined by his name, the language he spoke, his profession and his mores. The study of the rastaquouère brings to light the widespread rejection of cosmopolitanism in France, from the political, social as well as from the aesthetic points of view. Thus, beyond the question of the rastaquouère who became a convenient scapegoat, a certain view of French identity is in question here
Smaldone, Angèle. "Le professeur des écoles dans la spirale de l’ethnicité." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0328.
Full textThis qualitative research is based on a triangulation of methods which involved compiling around sixty questionnaires, observing what happens in a school situated in an urban hotspot over a period of nearly four years and interviewing thanks to semi-leading questions, approximately fifteen primary-school teachers in the Lorraine region of France. While carrying out their duties, teachers are confronted with a process of “ethnicization” in their relationships concerning both knowledge and social skills. Some teachers see themselves as the last defenders of our republican values: they express their discomfort in the face of a number of assertions and demands which originate from different communities. Yet, they often hide their own involvement in this process of “ethnicization”. They can resort to categorizations that sometimes lead to discrimination which ends up fuelling the spiral of ethnicity. Religion is also a real stumbling block for teachers. Memorable professional and personal experiences have shaped teachers’ day-to-day reality in terms of ethnicity, and this has an influence on their teaching methods, and also on their perception of cultural diversity and laïcité. We have drawn up teachers’ profiles based on their perception of ethnicity and laïcité : - The secularist type : pacifist / atheist or anti-religion - The indifferentialist type : nihilist / universalist - The patriot type : nationalist / republican - The modernist type : paternalist / humanist. The teachers’ identities and professional positions are the result of a progressive construction in which their connection to ethnicity overlaps with their own personal sense of ethics
Mawai, Piyasuda. "Regards croisés sur les représentations et les stéréotypes des Thaïlandais et des Français : étude sur les manuels de français et de thaï." Grenoble 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006GRE39050.
Full textWe propose to study the images and stereotypes of French and Thai people and how each group perceives the other. The theoretical approach involves the entire research field concerning such images and stereotypes in the area of sociolinguistics and language teaching. Many empirical studies was conducted to access the images and stereotypes that French people from about Thai people, Thailand and the Thai language, and the corresponding images and stereotypes of French people, France and the French language that Thai people make. We searched (questionnaires and interviews) for the potential links between these images and stereotypes and those which may appear in foreign language teaching materials, both Thai and French, used in France and Thailand. Then, in Thailand, we studied the pre-conceived images held by teachers and learners of French as a Foreign Language. New educational approaches result from these studies for the teaching and learning of the French language and culture in Thailand
Bouchard, Joanie, and Joanie Bouchard. "Politique et préjugés : l'influence des stéréotypes liés à l'ethnicité, au genre et à l'âge sur le comportement politique = Politics and Prejudice : the influence of ethnicity-based, gender-based, and age-based stereotypes on political behaviour." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/38120.
Full textRésuméCette thèse s’intéresse à l’impact du genre, de l’âge et de l’ethnicité des chef·fes de partis au Canada sur la réception de leur candidature par les électeur·rices. La perception sociale est intrinsèquement relationnelle et met autant en scène l’identité du/de la candidat·e que de l’électeur·rice. Par conséquent, cette thèse s’attarde à la fois au profil sociodémographique des chef·fes de partis et des électeur·ices qui sont appelé·es à les évaluer. Ce faisant, elle contribue aux champs des études électorales et de la psychologie politique.Trois méthodes complémentaires sont employées. La première partie de la thèse s’appuie sur une analyse quantitative de données électorales fédérales (1988-2015) ainsi que dans trois provinces canadiennes (Québec (2012-2014), Alberta (2012) et Colombie Britannique (2013)). Elle s’intéresse à l’évaluation des chef·fes de partis ainsi qu’aux intentions de vote en fonction du profil sociodémographique des leaders politiques et des électeur·rices en ancrant fermement l’analyse dans le contexte social et politique canadien. Pour finir, un dernier chapitre présentant une analyse quantitative de démocraties occidentales (l’Allemagne (2017), la Nouvelle-Zélande (2017), la France (2017) et les États-Unis (2016)) permet de mettre les conclusionstirées au sujet du Canada en perspective. La seconde partie de cette thèse présente deux expériences, l’une réalisée en laboratoire à l’Université Laval et l’autre en ligne. Basées surdes élections fictives mettant en scène des candidat·es varié·es en termes de genre, d’âge etd’ethnicité, ces expériences s’attardent à la teneur de la relation causale entre l’apparencede candidats et le comportement politique des électeur·rices. La dernière partie de la thèse consiste, quant à elle, en l’analyse de données qualitatives recueillies lors de six groupes de discussion ayant eu lieu entre 2018 et 2019 à l’Université Laval. Trois d’entre eux ont été réalisés avec des personnes ayant participé à l’expérience en laboratoire, et trois autres suites à un appel de volontaires. L’étude de ces discussions met en lumière le mécanisme causal à l’étude en identifiant la teneur des stéréotypes politiques basés sur le genre, l’âge et l’ethnicité au Québec ainsi que la façon dont des stéréotypes sont employés, réprimés, pensés et remis en question par l’électorat. En particulier, cette section de la thèse s’attarde à la possibilité d’inférence de valeurs et d’idées politiques en fonction du profil et de l’apparence d’un·e candidat·e. La principale conclusion de cet ouvrage est le caractère conditionnel, mais bien réel, des comportements politiques pouvant être qualifiés d’affinitaires (liés a l’appui politique de candidat·es partageant des caractéristiques sociodémographiques avec des électeur·ices) au Canada et basés sur l’apparence des candidat·es politique. En d’autres mots, les électeurs sont bel et bien au courant des narratifs sociaux entourant la présence de personnes issues de groupes historiquement marginalisés dans l’arène politique, et ils emploient et questionnent les notions préconçues liées à certains groupes sociaux à différents degrés. Bien que les stéréotypes associés à l’"outsider" politique s’avère parfois nettement divergents du profil du politicien dittypique, cette déviation face à la norme politique n’est pas systématiquement sanctionnée.Dépendant du profil de l’électeur, des idéologies qu’il porte et de l’offre politique en place àun moment donné, cette marginalité peut être activement recherchée, car associée à la per-formance de "la politique autrement" ou encore à une meilleure représentation politique d’ungroupe social auquel l’électeur peut s’identifier. Un survol de l’état de la question dans d’autresdémocraties occidentales soulève cependant la question des règles du jeu politique. Il révèleque ces comportements politiques au Canada en contexte électoral ressemblent davantage auxphénomènes observés lors d’élections présidentielles que lorsqu’il est question d’autres régimesparlementaires s’appuyant quant à eu sur un mode de scrutin proportionnel mixte.
This thesis examines the impact of the gender, age, and ethnicity of party leaders in Canada on the way these candidates are received by electors. Social perception is intrinsically relational and puts as much emphasis on the identity of the candidate as the voter. Consequently, this thesis focuses on both the socio-demographic profile of party leaders and the electors who are called upon to evaluate them. In doing so, she contributes to the fields of electoral studies and political psychology. To do this, three complementary research methods are employed. The first part of the thesis is based on a quantitative analysis of federal electoral data (1988-2015) as well as three Canadian provinces (Quebec (2012-2014), Alberta (2012) and British Columbia (2013)). It looks at the evaluation of party leaders and votes intentions according to the socio-demographic profile of political leaders and voters. The analysis is firmly anchored in the Canadian social and political context. However, a last chapter presenting a quantitative analysis of Western democracies (Germany (2017), New Zealand (2017), France (2017) and the United States (2016)) provides a different perspective on the conclusions drawn in about Canada. The second part of thist hesis presents two experiments, one done in a laboratory at Université Laval and the other online. Based on fictitious elections featuring diverse candidates in terms of gender, age and ethnicity, these experiments focus on the content of the causal relationship between the appearance of candidates and voters’ political behaviour. The last part of the thesis consists in the analysis of qualitative data collected during six discussion groups held between 2018 and 2019 at Université Laval. Three of them were done with people who had participated in the lab experiment, and three others after a call for volunteers. The analysis of these discussions highlights the causal mechanism under study by identifying the content of political stereotypes based on gender, age, and ethnicity in Quebec as well as the way stereotypes are used, repressed, thought out, and questioned by the electorate. In particular, this section of the thesis focuses on the possibility of inferring values and political ideas based on the appearance of a candidate. The main conclusion of this work is the conditional, but very real, occurrence of political be-haviours that can be described as affinity-based (linked to the political support of candidates sharing socio-demographic characteristics with electors) in Canada. In other words, voters are well aware of the social narratives surrounding the presence of people from historically marginalized groups in the political arena, and they use and question preconceived notions related to these groups to different degrees. Although a particular set of characteristics maybe associated with the political "outsider", this deviation from the political norm is not systematically sanctioned. Depending on the profile of voters, the ideologies they carry and the political offer in place at a given moment, this marginality can be actively sought, because associated with the performance of "politics differently" or the better political representation of a social group to which the elector can identify. An overview of the state of affairs in other Western democracies, however, raises the question of the rules of the political game. It reveals that these political behaviours in Canada are more similar to the phenomena observed in pres-idential elections than when we look at other parliamentary systems using mixed proportional voting.
This thesis examines the impact of the gender, age, and ethnicity of party leaders in Canada on the way these candidates are received by electors. Social perception is intrinsically relational and puts as much emphasis on the identity of the candidate as the voter. Consequently, this thesis focuses on both the socio-demographic profile of party leaders and the electors who are called upon to evaluate them. In doing so, she contributes to the fields of electoral studies and political psychology. To do this, three complementary research methods are employed. The first part of the thesis is based on a quantitative analysis of federal electoral data (1988-2015) as well as three Canadian provinces (Quebec (2012-2014), Alberta (2012) and British Columbia (2013)). It looks at the evaluation of party leaders and votes intentions according to the socio-demographic profile of political leaders and voters. The analysis is firmly anchored in the Canadian social and political context. However, a last chapter presenting a quantitative analysis of Western democracies (Germany (2017), New Zealand (2017), France (2017) and the United States (2016)) provides a different perspective on the conclusions drawn in about Canada. The second part of thist hesis presents two experiments, one done in a laboratory at Université Laval and the other online. Based on fictitious elections featuring diverse candidates in terms of gender, age and ethnicity, these experiments focus on the content of the causal relationship between the appearance of candidates and voters’ political behaviour. The last part of the thesis consists in the analysis of qualitative data collected during six discussion groups held between 2018 and 2019 at Université Laval. Three of them were done with people who had participated in the lab experiment, and three others after a call for volunteers. The analysis of these discussions highlights the causal mechanism under study by identifying the content of political stereotypes based on gender, age, and ethnicity in Quebec as well as the way stereotypes are used, repressed, thought out, and questioned by the electorate. In particular, this section of the thesis focuses on the possibility of inferring values and political ideas based on the appearance of a candidate. The main conclusion of this work is the conditional, but very real, occurrence of political be-haviours that can be described as affinity-based (linked to the political support of candidates sharing socio-demographic characteristics with electors) in Canada. In other words, voters are well aware of the social narratives surrounding the presence of people from historically marginalized groups in the political arena, and they use and question preconceived notions related to these groups to different degrees. Although a particular set of characteristics maybe associated with the political "outsider", this deviation from the political norm is not systematically sanctioned. Depending on the profile of voters, the ideologies they carry and the political offer in place at a given moment, this marginality can be actively sought, because associated with the performance of "politics differently" or the better political representation of a social group to which the elector can identify. An overview of the state of affairs in other Western democracies, however, raises the question of the rules of the political game. It reveals that these political behaviours in Canada are more similar to the phenomena observed in pres-idential elections than when we look at other parliamentary systems using mixed proportional voting.
Ziyyat, Fatiha. "L'image de la femme dans les manuels de français et d'arabe de l'enseignement secondaire au Maroc." Paris 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA030030.
Full textBelmessous, Saliha. "D'un préjugé culturel à un préjugé racial : la politique indigène de la France au Canada." Paris, EHESS, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999EHES0A20.
Full textContrary to a deep-rooted historiographical myth, the French colonizers’ attitude towards Amerindians was not imbued with benevolence or consideration. The Amerindians were perceived as "savages", socially and culturally inferior to the Europeans; as such, they were first dispossessed of their territory. The failure of the policy of assimilation pursued by the French authorities then consecrated the idea of an immutable savage nature that could not be reformed. In the 18th century, there was an appeal to racial prejudice to explain and understand this failure, which favored the setting up of the Amerindians’ "naturalization" (eg the explanation of their behavior by nature) for political reasons. Their supposed nature was then instrumentalized with a view to various exploitations, the first being of an economic and military nature. The distortion of the native figure also took other turns, in function of the colonizers’ emotional, political and intellectual demands. However, because of an unfavorable situation - maintaining of the natives' sovereignty and British expansionism -, the French colonizers could never extend this exploitation as far as they wanted
Arnold, Elodie. "Citoyenneté, Laïcité, Diversité : l'école et la transmission des principes républicains." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF20012/document.
Full textIn France, research in history and political philosophy has produced a body of knowledge describing the values and principles that are at the heart of the « republican model of integration ». However, this work has been theoretical and conceptual in nature such that we have in fact very little knowledge about the psychological aspects of the republican model. This thesis is organized in three chapters that present in total seven distinct empirical studies It addressed two major questions: 1) What factors explain the strong support that is observed in France for the principle of republican equality and laïcité? and 2) what are the consequences of this support for prejudice and intergroup relations? In chapter one, the research confirms this strong endorsement of the republican principles among teachers in high schools (Study 1, N = 82) or among university students in widely different fields of study such as psychology (N = 72) or law (N = 234, Study 2). Using a measure of attachment to laïcité that is distinct from a measure of support for principles that are theoretically linked with laïcité, Study 2 showed, for the first time to our knowledge, the distinction between two types of laïcité: an historic laïcité based on freedom of conscience and equality of respects for all beliefs and a new laïcité that emphasizes the need for keep religion private and to ban conspicuous religious signs from public places. In chapter two, three studies examined the psychological motives underlying attachment to the republican principles. As expected, it was shown first, among a representative sample of the French population (N = 1001), that support for republican equality and new laïcité are two variables that explain variance in antiimmigrant prejudice over and above factors that are usually considered in sociology or social psychology. Moreover, whereas egalitarian individuals are usually more supportive of these principles compared to inegalitarians, the results also showed that people who wish to maintain group-based inequality and the social hierarchy becomes strong supporters of laïcité when they perceive an intergroup threat of a symbolic nature (Study 1, chapter two), when they are in a situation of intergroup threat (Study 2, chapter two), or when an intergroup threat of a symbolic type is experimentally induced (Study 3, chapter 2). These results confirm the hypothesis that laïcité is a malleable ideology that can be used as a socially accepted mean of defending a socially undesirable agenda. The third and last chapter of the thesis examined the role of the school in the process of cultural transmission. Study 1 of chapter three (N = 300 pupils) and Study 2 of chapter three (N = more than 1000 pupils) supported a theoretical model proposing that public schools in France lead to a stronger support for republican principles and that this process of cultural transmission mediates the effects of schooling on anti-immigrant prejudice. A decline in the impact of republican equality and a corresponding increase in the impact of new laïcité was however observed. The discussion outlines the theoretical and pedagogical implications of these results
Racine, Isabelle. "La représentation de l'immigration et des minorités culturelles dans des manuels en français au Québec entre 1976 et 1999." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ57161.pdf.
Full textNikou, Théodora. "L'interculturel : une autre perspective pour l'enseignement du français langue étrangère." Montpellier 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON30025.
Full textBrito, Bruno Claudia. "Contribution à la connaissance des déterminants dans le choix du successeur de l'entreprise familiale dominicaine." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR40063/document.
Full textDuring the last years in Latin American there have been researches that identifythe family business inside their scope of study, contributing some data thatconfirm their important presence and role in the economy of several countries(Poza E. (1995); (Khulman, 1996) (Kajihara, 1998); (Davis J. A., 2006).Dominican Republic is not the exception, as explained by Van der Linde & Bello(2001); in the country exists a solid family business network in its first andsecond generations, with some big companies on their third, statement thatproduces evidence to develop an interest and need to prevent the mortality ofsuch companies.The practice that is modeled in the family business to achieve their intergenerationalsurvival is succession, understood as a process that culminates withthe decision making of a new successor leader who will have the company underhis/her command (Chua, Chrisman, & Sharma, 1999); (Chrisman, Chua, &Sharma, 2003).What we usually call “decision making” is a process that is applied to everydaysituations in the management of organizations, which turns complex andintricate in the context of family business. Thereon Basly S., (2005) made acomparison between family and non-family businesses proposing a logic ofdecision making different in each one, and highlighting the dominant dimension,process, speed and assumptions in which the decision is sustained. This studysuggests that family businesses are not governed by the normative model of decision making, assertion that gave us a clue to step into the subject ofrationality and decision making in the family business.Citing Simon (1955) the purpose of all constructions of an approximaterationality is to give materials for the development of a theory of the behavior ofdecision making individuals in the context of an organization. Nonetheless andopposite, we have the paradox that if we assume the type of overall rationality ofthe classical theory, the problems of the inner structure of the company, orwhatever organization it is, disappear almost completely
Rambaud, Stéphanie. "Et si l'immigration était un bienfait ? : l'impact positif de la gratitude intergroupe dans la relation entre français natifs et immigrés." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. https://wo.app.u-paris.fr/cgi-bin/WebObjects/TheseWeb.woa/wa/show?t=1819&f=15076.
Full textScholars have clearly showed the role of collective emotions (i.e., responding to events involving the group one belongs to) on intergroup relations. Previous studies have mainly examined the beneficial effects of negative moral emotions (e.g., guilt ; Wohl & Branscombe, 2005) or emotions provoked by negative events (e.g., sympathy ; Iyer, Leach, & Crosby, 2003) on intergroup relations. In this vein, we aimed to investigate the influence of a positive and moral emotion: gratitude, an emotion that stems from the perception of being the beneficiary of a valued action from others that contributes to one's wellbeing (McCullough, Kilpatrick, Emmons, & Larson, 2001). Beyond its individual benefits, gratitude fosters prosocial behaviors, strengthens interindividual relations (Bartlett & DeSteno, 2006) and decreases stereotype use (Jackson, Lewandowski, Fleury, & Chin, 2001). While the benefits of gratitude have been only examined in an interpersonal context (Bartlett & DeSteno, 2006), to our knowledge, none has investigated its impact as a collective emotion on intergroup relations. Thus, this research aims to identify the conditions of emergence of collective gratitude and its effects on perception and attitudes towards immigrants in France. We predicted that (a) highlighted positive contributions of immigration would elicit collective gratitude among in-group members. In return, (b) collective gratitude would lead to lower prejudice and more positive behaviors towards immigrants. To this end, we conducted two correlational studies (one cross-sectional and one longitudinal) and six experimental studies, involving a total of 1913 participants. In the latter, emotions were induced using several distinct methods: reading texts, viewing video media, recalling historical events. As predicted, results showed that highlighting past or present immigrants' contributions (i.e., collective gratitude condition) led to higher levels of collective gratitude towards immigrants compared to control or positive (e.g., joy) conditions. In return, collective gratitude was associated with lower prejudice, more positive attitude towards immigrants and enhanced perception of cooperation between groups, compared to positive or control conditions. Results also revealed that participants' political orientation moderated feeling of collective gratitude. Overall, our results suggest that collective gratitude has a beneficial impact in the improvement of intergroup relations
Chaudhuri, Pritish. "Effect of variation in sunlight on the behaviour of stock analysts." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021AIXM0524.
Full textUsing Europe data over the 1999 to 2018, we find that analysts generally commit errors in the estimates during sunny days and sunny days are the proxies for positive mood. Further, in cloudy days, the estimates by the analysts are more accurate and cloudy days are proxies for negative mood. Moreover, the inaccuracy in analyst’s estimates changes due to additional factors like financial crisis period, star rating of the analyst and individualism which is a proxy for the cultural traits. In addition, we found that analyst’s estimates are positively biased in a sunny day which is a proxy for the happy mood and negatively biased in a cloudy day which is a proxy for the sad mood. Also, these biases change when additional factors like market cap, IBES recommendation score and uncertainty avoidance which is a proxy for cultural traits are added in the model. However, the inaccuracy and the biases do not change in case of male and female analysts. In fact, it effects at a subconscious level that is impossible for any analyst to realise. Overall, our results are consistent with the concept of cognitive stimulus conceived by mood of the analysts, who make less or more accurate estimates under the influence of positive or negative mindset due to variation in sunlight
Rouault, Thierry. "Les mécanismes de la haine antisémite et antimaçonnique dans les pamphlets d' Edouard Drumont." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA070074.
Full textMechanisms of the hatred anti-semite and antimasonic in the lampoons of Edouard Drumont and his heirs Such is the title of our thesis. This study is very related to a literary and linguistic analysis of the drumontian speech. Which are the mechanisms which it uses to convince his readers which the Republic is with the hands of the Jews and the free-masons (lexicon chosen, rhetorical figures). The personality of Drumont was also studied for better understanding what defines an anti-semite and how its psychology acts on its writings (paranoia, fascination for the secrecy). We also chose to work on the heirs to Drumont (Anatole France, George Bernanos, Charies Maurras, Henry Coston Lucien Rebatet, Robert Faurisson and Paul Rassinier). We did not want to draw up a catalogue of the heirs anti-semites to Drumont but we selected a corpus of their writings to perceive what could be attached directly to the lampoons of the pope of the French anti-semitism. We attached a great importance to the analysis of the mechanisms of the judeo-masonic hatred and the myth of the plot while paying a detailed attention with the genesis of the complotist myth (with an specific analysis of the hoax the Protocols of Wise of Sion). We wanted to show that the drumontian speech prepared the French to accept the policy of Vichy and considerably transformed the collective memory of our country starting from stereotypes
Dif, Stéphane. "Handicap, discriminations, et stratégies identitaires." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CLF20004.
Full textMarculescu, Ioana. "Vauvenargues ou la dissimulation intermittente. Vérités de détail et vérités principales." Thesis, Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040232.
Full textThis doctoral thesis proposes a new approach of Vauvenargues's works based on the concept of intermittent dissembling. This concept allowed us to link Vauvenargues's ideas of dissembling to his style of writing. The first part of our doctoral thesis, devoted to Vauvenargues's correspondence with Mirabeau, examines the former's way of using the latter one's prejudices or, according to the terms of intermittent dissembling, partial truths in order to disguise the main truth about a cautious behaviour appropriate to the circumstances. In the second part of our work we take a close look at the intermittent dissembling as a strategy to fight against some forms of interior (hatred, prejudices) and exterior (injustice) tyranny. Our third part is devoted to Vauvenargues's esthetics of intermittent dissembling. We demonstrate that author's sinous style of writing is both brief and based on digressions. It is also characterized by witticism (la saillie) which joins in fast-flowing digressions apparently conflicting perspectives. Following a path indicated by Laurent Bove, we establish in our conclusion a parallel between Vauvenargues's saillies and Giordano Bruno's philosophy of metamorphosis. The basis of our argument relies on the necessity of perpetual reconsideration (or metamorphosis) of one's opinions, prejudices, tradition and laws. Vauvenargues's art of intermittent dissembling is aimed to smoothly change the usual train of thought consisting of prejudices and maybe to bring the reader closer to the main truth about the necessity to continually reconsider one's ideas
Sedel, Julie. "La banlieue comme enjeu de lutte symbolique : contribution à l'analyse des relations entre médias et champs sociaux." Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0074.
Full textThis PHD analyses the media coverage of poor districts through the study of lower-class urban neighbourhoods and of the work of journalists'. The first part shows the combined effects of the transformations of poor areas (through monographs realized in two social-housing areas in the suburb of Paris) and of the journalistic field on the production of a dominant representation of « trouble-spot ». The second part looks at how the journalists work in these areas and the way their sources (policemen, sociologists, municipalities, associative actors, social workers, and so forth) attempt to become part of the production process of news items. The third part deals with the different procedures implemented in two council block areas, in the aftermath of journalistic scandals in which they are involved. In order to deal with journalists, the reactions range from creation of communication cells by the local municipalities, attempt at controlling the speech of the young generation through the elder brothers, local associations' concerted endeavours at offering a unified vision to the media, and even cases of physical aggressions against journalists in order to forbid their access to the area. It is because the media provide powerful instruments in the making of reputations that such controlling reactions occur ; such a phenomenon illustrates the-paradox according to which the more media coverage a domain receives, the less journalists themselves produce the information
Giorgetti, Camila. "Entre hygiénisme et citoyenneté : analyse comparative des représentations sociales des SDF à São Paulo et Paris." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004IEPP0049.
Full textThis PhD thesis aims at comprehending and comparing the social representations that substantiate preconceptions concerning the homeless. Our investigation is based on two fundamental pillars : the representations of society with regard to the homeless issue ans the institutional and invidual treatments given to them. In order to draw a comparative analysis in Paris and São Paulo, we adopted the following procedures : the indicators ordination examined the institutional practices and the visibility of the homeless exposed by the press, mainly by "Folha de São Paulo and "Le Monde", we compile the laws that deals with the homeless issue in both cities. We prepared a questionnaire and presented it to the following categories : police officers, doctors, social workers, politicians and passersby (1. 116 people interviewed). The results indicate the presence of hygienist attitudes and respect towards citizenship, both in Paris and São Paulo. However, in São Paulo, "homessness" is not considered a social issue
Pierre-Louis, Jessica. "Les Libres de couleur face au préjugé : franchir la barrière à la Martinique aux XVIIe-XVIIIe siècles." Thesis, Antilles-Guyane, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AGUY0847/document.
Full textIn Martinique in the eighteenth century, the "free people of color", both those free by birth and freedmen, black or mixed race, form a legal category, which was distinct from those of whites and slaves. Comparative studies with Spanish or English territories show that no legal regulation formalized a shift - from the category of free colored people to that of White - in the French colonies between the late seventeenth century and the French Revolution. Also, this thesis proposes to show the informal process that enabled some people - the "assimilated" - to cross the color barrier. I analysed the color prejudice, a racist system, whose ideology, supported by local regulations, legitimized the collective construction of a public and social order. In a second step, I examined the development of the color bar. The free colored people were the first to bear the brunt of the impermeability of the demarcation line and of the problems posed by the purity of blood; but some whites, through interracial unions, and Native Americans have also been targeted. Finally I thought about what made the whiteness, and the strategies to achieve whiteness, change in status. Notarial acts and 33,000 acts of parish registers treaties led to the reconstitution of genealogies, in order to examine individuals and families over generations; I observed the importance of the phenotype, whitening, legitimacy relations, privileged partners, choice of networks, wealth levels and the use of space
Djemoui, Sarra. "L'apport de la compétence interculturelle face aux représentations et implicites culturels en classe de FLE en Algérie : le cas des élèves de 3ème Année secondaire à Oran - Algérie." Thesis, Artois, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ARTO0001.
Full textIt is from a personal observation of the minor place occupied by the notions of interculturality within the classes of FFL (French as a foreign language) in Algeria, that this work was born. This research in Language Science aims to account for the contribution of intercultural competence in the teaching/learning of the FFL in the school environment and in the decoding of the implicit linguistic and cultural among the Algerian learners. In this thesis we propose to study the case of pupils in the third year of secondary education. We ask ourselves about taking into account the cultural dimension of the French language among teachers/learners as well as in political and didactic discourse (the French language curriculum and the textbook). Our work is divided into four indivisible and complementary axes. The first is to study closely the linguistic and socio-cultural profile of students in the 3rd AS. The second is a thematic reflection on conflicting situations due to both linguistic and cultural implications in French. The third axis focuses on the analysis of cultural representations of teachers / learners through questionnaires, semi-structured interviews and textbooks. The last axis proposes pedagogical recommendations with intercultural aiming through pedagogical sequences in which we will demonstrate the intercultural approach integrated in interactional activities with a view to cultural relativism among Algerian learners
Aoujil, Asmaa. "Le Coran en français : André Du Ryer (1580-1672), premier traducteur de L'Alcoran de Mahomet (1647)." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MON30048.
Full textThe Coran in FrenchAndré Du Ryer (1580-1672), first translator of L'Alcoran de Mahomet (1647)The translation of a religious text has always been a matter of great difficulty. Hence, when it comes to Coran, it is all the more delicate mainly because it is considered as untranslatable. Its French translation in the 17th century, from Arabic, by André Du Ryer was an innovative and pioneering act when the only known translations in the West were the Latin ones. However, various prejudices on Islam prevented an objective understanding of this religion. Despite the fact that Du Ryer started his translation with a critical view of Islam, he highlighted the intellectual and spiritual values that Christians might draw from the reading of the Coran. His Alcoran de Mahomet represents a real hiatus with what had been left from the Middle age. Thanks to his project and his translation choices, André Du Ryer triggered dialogue by making the French of the classical times at the service of a complex and mysterious text which had to be known. Nevertheless, his work remains deeply tinged with humanitarian ideals.Through the concrete analysis of the linguistic methods of translation used by Du Ryer, this research aims to determine the translator’s motivations. The objective is also to show the new hidden image of Muslims, Islam, its prophet and its holy book. Finally, this study questions the neglect of this first translation of the Coran while it was a landmark in what was to become Orientalism
Birman-Seytor, Jacqueline. "Les images du Mulâtre dans la littérature des Antilles de langue française." Antilles-Guyane, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AGUY0310.
Full textSYNOPSIS OF the THESIS This thesis offers a gallery of literary portraits and analysis that relies on many discourses from both male and female authors from the Francophone West Indies whose writhings have helped lift the veil on the archetypical character of the mulato in the 19th and 20th centuries. Our project encompasses the caribbean basin, the true breeding ground of our mulato, but it also focuses on Europe, which provided writers and chronicles who spent time in the isles. We will focus more particularly on a little known Guadeloupean poet, Alexandre Privat d'ANGLEMONT, who is at the heart of this research work. The subjecl of this thesis will allow us to shed light on an unexplored area of colour prejudice, as we will highlight a multiple rather than single outlook on the character of the mulato. The specific outlook of each protagonist, successively the white, the black, and the mulato character will put us in a position to analyse a complex situation. Complexity has to do with the fact that talking about colour remains mor or less a taboo. During the colonial and the post-colonial period, the obsessive literary theme of colour prejudice became the favourite theme of many novelists, thus giving rise to a teeming fictional world inhabited by the emblematic character of the mulato. Based on a varied corpus of works published between 1803 and 1998, from the anonymus Dominican piece, La Mulâtre like many white women, to the work of the Martinican Chantal MAYGNAND CLAVERIE, Comolexe d'Ariel
Dervisoglu, Gulsen. ""L'enseignement de la langue et culture d'origine turque en Alsace depuis 2013 : quel nouveau dispositif, quel nouveau public ?"." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAG020/document.
Full textThe teaching of original languages and cultures (ELCO) was implemented in the 70s, after the family reunification policy. The purpose of ELCO is to integrate children from immigrant’s backgrounds in French educational system, and to preserve their original language in case of return to their parents’ native country. Our study deals with the teaching of Turkish as original language and culture in Alsace and more specifically, in the new change in ELCO that opens the class to a different public. Indeed, since 2013, ELCO has been opened to all children applying for it, regardless of their origin. In our research, we aim at understanding the reasons and the external factors of the low number of pupils that chose Turkish, among children that are not speaking Turkish at home. We selected an inductive approach without starting hypothesis due to the newness of the system. The low number of pupils is explained by multiple variables, such as the irrelevance ELCO within the school, the fact that Turkish is not considered as an international language or the lack of continuity of Turkish learning in junior high school
Vicari, Eliana. "C'est en traduisant qu'on devient traduiseron." Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100210.
Full textSet out in three chapters, this thesis which has the aim of investigating the omniscience of translation, starts out by analyzing an extract from Simenon in La Belle Hortense then moves to a study of the mistakes made in 40 translations by students at the University of Venice from a text by Agnès Desarthe and, finally, looks at the translation by Umberto Eco of Raymond Queneau's "Maladroit".As its title suggests, this thesis underlines the importance of practice. One does not suddenly wake up a writer one morning, a pen at the ready simply because one has studied grammar.At the same time one obviously does not become a translator without translating, although practice in itself does not guarantee the excellence of the outcome. This is a truism worth remembering at a moment when translation studies are becoming more and more invasive. Like every theory it tends towards abstraction and generalization while practice concerns itself with the here and now. But it is exactly for this that it risks revealing itself not only as inadequate but also dangerous. For literature, far from being the application of the norm, is where the gap exists. However it is difficult to resist the authority of a dictionary, of a translation expert or of a critic, even more so if they are surrounded by a halo of prestige.Every translation consists of two phases. The first is based on a stylistic analysis of the source text and implies an excellent mastery of the language and of the culture from where it originates. This is the moment of enslavement when the translator is at the complete service of the author, where he tries to understand without judging, like a lover, he listens to his voice so that he can interpret it. But the stage of enslavement which chains one to the original text is also the moment of apprenticeship, the moment when the translator can enter into the secrets of an author's writing. Without this initial phase, one should not even speak of translation. If one does not read carefully, as under a magnifying glass, the work that one must transplant and where one does not know sufficiently what makes it up, one ends up by relying too much on dictionaries, to apply ready-made solutions. There is another voice apart from the author's that one must hear, beyond the normal boundaries.It is in this phase that well-rooted and strong prejudices or theoretical garble, according to my analysis, have intervened in the extracts examined. They have caused a banalisation of Simenon (but not of Roubaud who borrowed his words) as well as most of the errors of the students (and often brought about, paradoxically, the use of dictionaries). In the same way they pushed Umberto Eco to meddle radically with a text of Raymond Queneau that he considered one of the latter's less successful ones, even though it is one of the most important, and perhaps the most important, in Exercices de style.In the second phase, the translator who accepts to write under constraint, under the constraints imposed by the source text, also knows the joy of liberty. Because the constraint will free him and push him to take full advantage of unexpected potentiality, of all the resources of the language and culture and to render the voice of the author in the most faithful way, and to whom the analysis and comprehension chained him. It is the work of Sisyphus but which can create contentment. Because it is also by translating that one becomes a writer
Abitan, Audrey. "Déterminants et conséquences du dégoût physique et moral : du jugement stéréotypé à la déshumanisation." Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00793399.
Full textTeney, Céline. "Acculturation and prejudice against sociological minorities among Brussels youth: a multilevel regression approach." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210220.
Full textBecause of the hierarchical structure of the sample (pupils aggregated within schools), the culturally diverse population of our sample and the multidimensionality of prejudice, multilevel multivariate linear responses models were performed. In brief, these models allowed us to interpret items regrouped according to their common variation across social (and ethnic) groups and not according to their a priori content similarities. Furthermore, these models allowed us to integrate three different research traditions on prejudice: social psychology on the dimensionality of prejudice, sociology on the impact of socio demographic characteristics on prejudice and school effectiveness research on the role schools may play in reducing pupils’ prejudice. With these models, we could demonstrate the capacity of multilevel techniques to encompass the complexity of prejudice and norms, and to provide an interdisciplinary approach of social processes.
Besides the impact of gender and socio economic differences on prejudice, the association between ethnic origin and prejudice was the focus of the analysis at the individual level. Hence, the empirical literature showed that respondents of foreign descent and respondents from the receiving society do not hold similar attitudes towards minorities. This association was investigated in a twofold strategy: after having assessed ethnic differences on the different kinds of prejudice, the explanatory power of possible mediators -such as the experience of group-level institutional discrimination or the bidimensional identification- on this association was tested. The choice of these mediators was influenced by different disciplines of the social sciences. Hence, besides the empirical literature specific to the topic of prejudice, these mediators are derived from theories of political sciences, of sociology of immigration, of social psychology and of cross-cultural psychology. The results showed that these mediators could indeed explain to a large extent ethnic differences on prejudice towards minorities.
On the school level, we have shown that the impact schools may have on pupils’ prejudice is a differentiated one. Hence, this impact varies according to both the targets and the dimensions of prejudice. Moreover, besides school institutional characteristics, several contextual characteristics were investigated such as the cultural and social diversity within a school. Our results showed that the impact on prejudice of social and cultural diversity within schools was non-significant. This is, however, most probably related to a masking effect by the specificities of the education landscape in Brussels: differences between schools are huge and homogeneity within schools is important, given that the educational field is highly segregated both in social and in cultural terms. The implications of these results based on an interdisciplinary approach for future research and for policymakers are discussed.
Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished