Academic literature on the topic 'Les Nouvelles Caledoniennes'

This thesis analyses the discursive struggle in the New Caledonian media over the question of independence during the period of most acute conflict during the 1980s. It seeks to demonstrate that the discursive struggle was central to the political struggle, particularly in its emphasis on the development of discourses on identity which authorised particular forms of political engagement. Colonial discourses in New Caledonia provided a well tested armory of identifications of the territory’s indigenous people which were mobilised in the anti-independence media, particularly the territory’s monopoly daily newspaper Les Nouvelles Calédoniennes. The thesis attempts to demonstrate how these identifications connoted, in effect, the non-existence of Kanaks through a denial of a ‘Kanak’ identity: Melanesians who identified themselves as Kanaks and took a pro-independence stance were not recognised within the colonial identity constructions of ‘Caledonian’ and ‘Melanesian’, and their claims to constitute a ‘people’ were vociferously denied. They existed within colonial discourses as a human absence, and were therefore considered to have no rightful claim on Caledonian political life. In the face of such identifications, the pro-independence movement articulated in its media notions of ‘Kanakness’ and the ‘Kanak people’ which sought to hyper-valorise their identity as human and rightful.¶ It is argued that an analysis of media discourses requires consideration of the type of institutional constraints operating within the media institutions from within which these discourses emerge. The thesis therefore analyses the major constraints operating within Les Nouvelles Calédoniennes and the two major pro-independence media organisations, ‘Kanaky’s first newspaper’ Bwenando and ‘Kanaky’s first radio station’ Radio Djiido.¶ As an overarching concern, the thesis attempts to work through and apply different theoretical approaches relevant to the analysis of media reporting in situations of heightened political contestation, negotiating through aspects of neo-Marxist and post-structuralist approaches. It assesses the relevance of the notion of ‘ideological effect’ as an analytical tool in assessing the effects of power produced by particular discourse, concluding that some theoretical notion concerned with elucidating the differential effects of power is required.¶

Une nouvelle famille de derives guanidiniques antibiotiques contenant au minimum 27 composes de type 6-hydroxy 1,2,3,4 tetrahydro-pyrrolo 1,2-a pyrimidinium, mis en evidence pour la premiere fois dans le domaine des substaces naturelles, a ete isolee de l'eponge neo-caledonienne phloeodictyon sp. Ces composes, denommes phloeodictines appartiennent a trois groupes a, b et c differant entre eux par la presence d'une double liaison #7#,#8 et/ou d'une chaine -s-(ch#2)#2-c=nh(nh#2) en position 7. La structure des phloeodictines a et b, obtenues sous forme pure, a ete determinee essentiellement grace a l'emploi de nombreuses techniques de rmn a deux dimensions homo et heteronucleaire. La phloeodictine b1, pure, et les phloeodictines a1 a a7, c1 et c2 obtenues en melange, ont ete caracterisees par des etudes conjointes de rmn et de spectrometrie de masse utilisant le balayage lie b/e et l'activation par collision. D'autres phloeodictines, isolees sous forme de melange et dont la structure n'a pu etre completement elucidee, sont aussi decrites. Quelques etudes chimiques se rapportant a cette famille de composes sont egalement presentees. L'importance chimique, biologique et chimiotaxonomique de cette etude est soulignee

La réflexion menée dans notre recherche se centre sur le processus d’interculturation et interroge les conduites à risque comme étant une forme paradoxale d’un processus psychique mis en place par les jeunes calédoniens de 15 à 26 ans. En ancrant notre étude dans un paradigme interculturel, nous formulons l’hypothèse selon laquelle les jeunes calédoniens seraient socialisés au sein d’un environnement pluriculturel, source d’une difficulté à se définir. La présence d’un écart à la culture ne permettrait pas de mise en lien. Cette impossible co-construction provoquerait une perte des repères identitaires, ce qui induirait une fragilisation de l’estime de soi et un passage vers des conduites à risque. Les jeunes calédoniens sont amenés d’une part à élaborer des compromis culturels afin de faciliter les mises en lien ; et d’autre part à gérer les entres deux culturels qui peuvent être sources de tensions intra psychiques. Pour tester cette hypothèse, nous avons privilégié une méthodologie mixte. Lors de la phase exploratoire nous avons interrogé 22 jeunes calédoniens avec et sans conduites à risque. Suite à une analyse qualitative N’VIVO de ces entretiens, nous avons élaboré un questionnaire. A partir des 390 questionnaires recueillis nous avons réalisé une analyse statistique SPSS. Les résultats obtenus nous permettent de penser que la problématique des conduites à risque des jeunes calédoniens est une problématique qui s’ancre dans leurs choix culturels et leur construction identitaire à travers leurs adhésions, leurs rejets et leurs revendications. En effet, afin d’élaborer une identité et de gérer les contradictions issues des écarts qui peuvent apparaître entre l’idéal du moi (vouloir être) et le surmoi (devoir être), les jeunes mettent en place des stratégies identitaires complexes. Ces stratégies permettent également de gérer l’écart qui existe entre des codes symboliques, des modèles identificatoires, des normes et des valeurs proposés par les différentes cultures en présence ; mais aussi de réagir aux identités prescrites dans lesquelles les jeunes ne se reconnaissent pas. Les conduites à risque doivent alors être comprises dans toute leur symbolique comme marquant des difficultés à se sentir être dans cet entre-deux. Etre un jeune interculturel c’est être dans l’entre deux : entre perte et gain, entre négociation, abandon et conservation
The reflection carried out in our research focuses on the interculturation process and investigates risk behaviors as a paradoxical form of a psychic process developed by young Caledonians aged from15 to 26. By anchoring our study in an intercultural paradigm, we formulate the hypothesis that young Caledonians are socialized in a multicultural environment which can lead to a difficulty to define themselves. The presence of a cultural gap would prevent linking. This impossible co-construction would cause an identity reference loss, which would lead to a self-esteem weakening and a move towards risk behaviors. Young Caledonians are led to develop, on one hand, cultural compromises to facilitate linking; and on the other hand to manage the cultural in-between that can be source of intra-psychic tensions. To test this hypothesis, we favored a mixed methodology. During the exploratory phase we interviewed 22 young Caledonians with and without risk behavior. Following a qualitative N'VIVO analysis of these interviews, we developed a questionnaire. From the 390 questionnaires collected we carried out an SPSS statistical analysis. Our results enable us to think that young Caledonians risk behaviors emerge from issues rooted in their cultural choices and identity construction through their adhesions, rejections and claims. In fact, in order to develop an identity and to manage contradictions resulting from gaps that can appear between the ego ideal (wanting to be) and the super-ego (having to be), young people develop complex identity strategies. These strategies also make it possible to manage the existing gap between symbolic codes, identificatory models, norms and values proposed by the various involved cultures; but also to react to prescribed identities in which young people do not recognize themselves. Risk behaviors must then be understood in all their symbolism as marking difficulties to feel being in this in between.Being a young intercultural person is to be in the in between: between loss and gain, between negotiation, abandonment and preservation

This thesis analyses the discursive struggle in the New Caledonian media over the question of independence during the period of most acute conflict during the 1980s. It seeks to demonstrate that the discursive struggle was central to the political struggle, particularly in its emphasis on the development of discourses on identity which authorised particular forms of political engagement. Colonial discourses in New Caledonia provided a well tested armory of identifications of the territory’s indigenous people which were mobilised in the anti-independence media, particularly the territory’s monopoly daily newspaper Les Nouvelles Calédoniennes. The thesis attempts to demonstrate how these identifications connoted, in effect, the non-existence of Kanaks through a denial of a ‘Kanak’ identity: Melanesians who identified themselves as Kanaks and took a pro-independence stance were not recognised within the colonial identity constructions of ‘Caledonian’ and ‘Melanesian’, and their claims to constitute a ‘people’ were vociferously denied. They existed within colonial discourses as a human absence, and were therefore considered to have no rightful claim on Caledonian political life. In the face of such identifications, the pro-independence movement articulated in its media notions of ‘Kanakness’ and the ‘Kanak people’ which sought to hyper-valorise their identity as human and rightful. ¶ ...