Relevant bibliographies by topics / Leptospira

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Academic literature on the topic 'Leptospira'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Leptospira"

1

Masuzawa, Toshiyuki, Yuji Hashiguchi, Ryuta Nakamura, Ryoma Suzuki, Tadayori Shimizu, Yoshihisa Iwamoto, Tamotsu Morita, and Yasutake Yanagihara. "Experimental lethal infection of Leptospira interrogans in mice treated with cyclophosphamide." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 37, no. 4 (April 1, 1991): 312–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m91-048.

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After preadministration of cyclophosphamide (300 mg/kg), BALB/c mice were lethally infected with Leptospira interrogans serovar lai and a virulent strain of Leptospira interrogans serovar copenhageni, and leptospiral cells were detected in both kidneys of infected mice by indirect immunofluorescent assay. Nonpathogenic leptospirae, Leptospira biflexa serovar patoc, Leptonema illini, and an avirulent strain of L. interrogans serovar copenhageni, were not parasitic to the mice treated with cyclophosphamide. The cyclophosphamide-treated mice were protected from the homologous leptospiral infection by passive immunization with anti-leptospiral monoclonal antibody or with rabbit antiserum and by active immunization with lyophilized organisms or with protective antigen. The results of active immunization in mice treated with cyclophosphamide agreed well with those in nontreated hamsters, which were sensitive to the organisms. Furthermore, these experiments were reproducible with any lot of cyclophosphamide used. These results indicated that cyclophosphamide-treated mice can be used in the experimental infection of Leptospira in place of hamsters or guinea pigs. Key words: Leptospira interrogans, protective antigen, mice, cyclophosphamide, immunosuppression.
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Zhao, Wei, Chun-Yan Chen, Xiang-Yan Zhang, Wei-Qiang Lai, Bao-Yu Hu, Guo-Ping Zhao, Jin-Hong Qin, and Xiao-Kui Guo. "Molecular characterization of the pL40 protein inLeptospira interrogans." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 55, no. 6 (June 2009): 739–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w09-014.

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Leptospirosis is a widespread zoonotic disease caused by pathogenic leptospires. The identification of outer membrane proteins (OMPs) conserved among pathogenic leptospires, which are exposed on the leptospiral surface and expressed during mammalian infection, has become a major focus of leptospirosis research. pL40, a 40 kDa protein coded by the LA3744 gene in Leptospira interrogans , was found to be unique to Leptospira . Triton X-114 fractionation and flow cytometry analyses indicate that pL40 is a component of the leptospiral outer membrane. The conservation of pL40 among Leptospira strains prevalent in China was confirmed by both Western blotting and PCR screening. Furthermore, the pL40 antigen could be recognized by sera from guinea pigs and mice infected with low-passage L. interrogans. These findings indicate that pL40 may serve as a useful serodiagnostic antigen and vaccine candidate for L. interrogans.
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LI, S. J., D. M. WANG, C. C. ZHANG, X. W. LI, H. M. YANG, K. C. TIAN, X. Y. WEI, et al. "Molecular typing of Leptospira spp. strains isolated from field mice confirms a link to human leptospirosis." Epidemiology and Infection 141, no. 11 (February 13, 2013): 2278–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268813000216.

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SUMMARYIn recent years, human leptospirosis has been reported in Jinping and Liping counties, Guizhou province, but the leptospires have never been isolated. To track the source of infection and understand the aetiological characteristics, we performed surveillance for field mice carriage of leptospirosis in 2011. Four strains of leptospire were isolated from Apodemus agrarius. PCR confirmed the four isolates as pathogenic. Multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) showed that the four strains were closely related to serovar Lai strain 56601 belonging to serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae, which is consistent with the antibody detection results from local patients. Furthermore, the diversity of leptospiral isolates from different hosts and regions was demonstrated with MLVA. Our results suggest that A. agrarius may be the main carrier of Leptospira in Jinping and Liping counties, and the serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae serovar may be the epidemic serogroup of Leptospira. This will contribute to the control and prevention of leptospirosis in these localities.
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Doungchawee, Galayanee, Worachart Sirawaraporn, Albert Icksang-Ko, Suraphol Kongtim, Pimjai Naigowit, and Visith Thongboonkerd. "Use of immunoblotting as an alternative method for serogrouping Leptospira." Journal of Medical Microbiology 56, no. 5 (May 1, 2007): 587–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.47143-0.

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Leptospirosis is a worldwide zoonotic disease caused by a spirochaete bacterium, Leptospira. Serological detection of this micro-organism basically relies on a conventional microscopic agglutination test (MAT), which has some limitations and disadvantages. In the present study, immunoblotting has been applied as an alternative method for differentiating serogroups and serovars of leptospires. Leptospiral whole-cell lysates from a total of 26 serovars were subjected to immunoblotting using rabbit antisera against individual serovars. The findings clearly demonstrated that the pattern of immunoreactive bands could be used to differentiate between leptospires of different serogroups, consistent with MAT results. There was a multi-band pattern that was unique for the pathogenic Leptospira antigens and was not observed in the non-pathogenic Leptospira biflexa and non-leptospiral bacteria (i.e. Escherichia coli, Burkholderia pseudomallei and Helicobacter pylori). For pathogenic Leptospira species, a prominent smear-like band at approximately 19–30 kDa was present when the antigens were probed with the homologous antisera. The molecular size of the prominent band, although it showed a cross-reaction between members within the same serogroup, differed among different serovars. The results obtained from polyclonal antibodies (antisera) were confirmed using mAb. With its simplicity and safety of experimental procedures, it is proposed that immunoblotting may potentially be useful as an alternative method for differentiating between serogroups of leptospires.
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Piredda, Ivana, Loris Bertoldi, Giuseppe Benvenuto, Bruna Palmas, Aureliana Pedditzi, Pierangela Pintore, and Valentina Chisu. "First Isolation and Molecular Typing of Pathogenic and Intermediate Leptospira Species from Urine of Symptomatic Dogs." Veterinary Sciences 8, no. 12 (December 2, 2021): 304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci8120304.

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Aim of this study was to evaluate, the presence and diversity of Leptospira spp. in blood and urine samples collected from 175 owned-dogs from Sardinia, Italy. After determination of leptospiral infection by microscopic agglutination test (MAT), urine from MAT-positive dogs were examined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (lipL32 rt-PCR) and then isolated by culture. In order to characterize obtained serovars, positive cultures were then subjected to 16S rRNA and secY sequencing, phylogenetic analysis and Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST). Results showed that seven dogs (4%; 95% CI: 0–55) had Leptospira DNAs in their urine and five strains were isolated from urine cultures. The three different sequence types (ST17, ST198 and ST24) belonging to Leptospira interrogans genomospecies identified by MLST analyses in this study, confirmed that the leptospiral infection was widespread in Sardinian dogs. We also reported the first characterization of a new Leptospira spp. isolated from urine of one dog living in the study area. Whole genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis, confirmed that this genospecies was closely related to Leptospira hovindhougenii, an intermediate Leptospira spp. with unknown pathogenicity previously isolated from a rat in Denmark. Further studies are required to clarify whether healthy dogs that shed leptospires in their urine could represent a zoonotic risk for humans in this region.
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Ismail, Che Ain Munirah, Zakuan Zainy Deris, Ruzilawati Abu Bakar, and Nabilah Ismail. "In Vitro Anti-Leptospiral Activity of Phyllanthus amarus Extracts and Their Combinations with Antibiotics." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 6 (March 10, 2021): 2834. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18062834.

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Despite modern medicine, there is an increasing trend for cases of the bacterial infection leptospirosis, and this has led to the exploration of alternative medicines from various sources including plants. The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro anti-leptospiral activity of Phyllanthus amarus extracts alone and combined with penicillin G, ceftriaxone, and doxycycline. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the microdilution broth technique upon methanol extract (ME), aqueous extract (AE), and antibiotics against the Leptospira interrogans serovars Australis, Bataviae, Canicola, and Javanica, to determine minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs). The results were analyzed using an ELISA microplate reader combined with microscopic analysis. Synergy testing using a checkerboard assay was performed to determine the fractional inhibitory concentration index values of extracts combined with antibiotics against leptospires. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to investigate morphological changes of leptospires caused by potential anti-leptospiral agents alone and combined with antibiotics. The MICs and MBCs for P. amarus extracts ranged from 100 to 400 µg/mL for AEs and from 400 to 800 µg/mL for MEs. Penicillin G was the most effective anti-leptospiral drug, with MICs and MBCs ranging from <0.01 to 0.78 and <0.01 to 3.13 µg/mL, respectively, followed by ceftriaxone, with both MICs and MBCs ranging from 0.05 to 0.78 µg/mL, and doxycycline, with MICs and MBCs ranging from 0.39 to 3.13 µg/mL and 12.5 to 25 µg/mL, respectively. Combinations of P. amarus extracts and antibiotics did not show synergistic effects on all tested Leptospira serovars, with some combinations demonstrating antagonistic effects. SEM analysis, however, showed distorted Leptospira surfaces. P. amarus AE performed better anti-leptospiral activity than P. amarus ME. The morphological effects of P. amarus extract alone and its combination with antibiotic on Leptospira cells revealed promising anti-leptospiral properties.
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Cullen, Paul A., David A. Haake, Dieter M. Bulach, Richard L. Zuerner, and Ben Adler. "LipL21 Is a Novel Surface-Exposed Lipoprotein of Pathogenic Leptospira Species." Infection and Immunity 71, no. 5 (May 2003): 2414–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.71.5.2414-2421.2003.

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ABSTRACT Leptospira is the etiologic agent of leptospirosis, a bacterial zoonosis distributed worldwide. Leptospiral lipopolysaccharide is a protective immunogen, but the extensive serological diversity of leptospires has inspired a search for conserved outer membrane proteins (OMPs) that may stimulate heterologous immunity. Previously, a global analysis of leptospiral OMPs (P. A. Cullen, S. J. Cordwell, D. M. Bulach, D. A. Haake, and B. Adler, Infect. Immun. 70:2311-2318, 2002) identified pL21, a novel 21-kDa protein that is the second most abundant constituent of the Leptospira interrogans serovar Lai outer membrane proteome. In this study, we identified the gene encoding pL21 and found it to encode a putative lipoprotein; accordingly, the protein was renamed LipL21. Southern hybridization analysis revealed the presence of lipL21 in all of the pathogenic species but in none of the saprophytic species examined. Alignment of the LipL21 sequence from six strains of Leptospira revealed 96 to 100% identity. When specific polyclonal antisera to recombinant LipL21 were used, LipL21 was isolated together with other known leptospiral OMPs by both Triton X-114 extraction and sucrose density gradient membrane fractionation. All nine strains of pathogenic leptospires investigated by Western blotting, whether culture attenuated or virulent, were found to express LipL21. In contrast, the expression of LipL21 or an antigenically related protein could not be detected in nonpathogenic L. biflexa. Infected hamster sera and two of eight human leptospirosis sera tested were found to react with recombinant LipL21. Native LipL21 was found to incorporate tritiated palmitic acid, consistent with the prediction of a lipoprotein signal peptidase cleavage site. Biotinylation of the leptospiral surface resulted in selective labeling of LipL21 and the previously known OMPs LipL32 and LipL41. These findings show that LipL21 is a surface-exposed, abundant outer membrane lipoprotein that is expressed during infection and conserved among pathogenic Leptospira species.
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DE OLIVEIRA, D., C. P. FIGUEIRA, L. ZHAN, A. C. PERTILE, G. G. PEDRA, I. M. GUSMÃO, E. A. WUNDER, et al. "Leptospira in breast tissue and milk of urban Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus)." Epidemiology and Infection 144, no. 11 (March 28, 2016): 2420–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268816000637.

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SUMMARYLeptospirosis is a zoonosis caused by bacteria of the genus Leptospira. The disease is globally distributed and a major public health concern. The Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus) is the main reservoir of the pathogen in urban slums of developing and developed countries. The potential routes of intra-specific leptospire transmission in rats are largely unknown. Herein, we identified pathogenic Leptospira spp. in breast tissue and milk of naturally infected rats. We examined kidney, breast tissue and milk from 24 lactating rats for the presence of leptospires using immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and scanning electronic microscopy. All 24 rats had evidence for Leptospira in the kidneys, indicating chronic carriage. The majority of kidney-positive rats had detectable leptospires in milk (18, 75%) and breast tissue (16, 67%), as evidenced by immunofluorescence assay and immunohistochemistry. Four (17%) milk samples and two (8%) breast tissue samples were positive by quantitative real-time PCR. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed the presence of leptospires in breast tissue. No major pathological changes in breast tissue were found. This study, for the first time, identified leptospires in the milk and breast tissue of wild Norway rats, suggesting the possibility of milk-borne transmission of leptospirosis to neonates.
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Piredda, Ivana, Maria Nicoletta Ponti, Bruna Palmas, Malgorzata Noworol, Aureliana Pedditzi, Lucio Rebechesu, and Valentina Chisu. "Molecular Typing of Pathogenic Leptospira Species Isolated from Wild Mammal Reservoirs in Sardinia." Animals 11, no. 4 (April 13, 2021): 1109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11041109.

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Leptospirosis is a global zoonosis caused by pathogenic species of Leptospira that infect a large spectrum of domestic and wild animals. This study is the first molecular identification, characterization, and phylogeny of Leptospira strains with veterinary and zoonotic impact in Sardinian wild hosts. All samples collected were cultured and analyzed by multiplex real time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Sequencing, phylogenetic analyses (based on rrs and secY sequences), and Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) based on the analysis of seven concatenated loci were also performed. Results revealed the detection of Leptospira DNA and cultured isolates in 21% and 4% of the samples examined, respectively. Sequence analysis of Leptospira positive samples highlighted the presence of the interrogans and borgpetersenii genospecies that grouped in strongly supported monophyletic clades. MLST analyses identified six different Sequence Types (ST) that clustered in two monophyletic groups specific for Leptospirainterrogans, and L. borgpetersenii. This study provided about the prevalence of leptospires in wild mammals in Sardinia, and increased our knowledge of this pathogen on the island. Monitoring Leptospira strains circulating in Sardinia will help clinicians and veterinarians develop strategic plans for the prevention and control of leptospiral infections.
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Kamaruzaman, Intan, Muhamad Mokhtar, Hong Ting, Yong Yuan, Azim Shah, Tan Loong, Nurshahirah Shaharulnizim, et al. "Molecular detection of pathogenic Leptospira spp. in urban rodents from wet markets in northeast Malaysia." Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research 9, no. 2 (2022): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/javar.2022.i593.

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Objective: This short study describes the occurrence of pathogenic Leptospira spp. in two major wet markets in Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia. Materials and Methods: 30 rodents (20 rats and 10 shrews) were caught in 2 wet markets, and a postmortem was performed to extract both kidneys. Molecular diagnosis via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was conducted to detect leptospiral DNA using universal and pathogenic Leptospira primers, respectively. Results: The results showed that 20/28 (72%) rat samples were detected positive for Leptospira spp, and all shrews were negative. Further sequencing analysis identified L. interrogans and L. borgpetersenii as the most frequently Leptospirosis species from kidney samples. Conclusions: The presented study here sheds light on the presence of pathogenic leptospires har¬boring the rat population in both wet markets in Kelantan, which presents a great public health risk to wet market workers and visitors.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Leptospira"

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Truccolo, Johann. "Virulence des Leptospira : aspects physiopathologiques et thérapeutiques." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066358.

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Matos, Vanessa Ramos. "Caracterização funcional de uma provável colagenase de Leptospira interrogans sorovar Copenhageni." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10134/tde-22042015-170400/.

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A leptospirose é uma zoonose, amplamente difundida pelo mundo, causada por espiroquetas patogênicas do gênero Leptospira, que colonizam os túbulos renais de animais silvestres e domésticos. A transmissão ocorre, principalmente, pelo contato direto com água e solo contaminados com a urina de animais infectados que podem ser clinicamente assintomáticos. As leptospiras patogênicas invadem os tecidos do hospedeiro através da penetração da pele lesada ou mucosas da boca, narina e olhos. Logo após ultrapassar as superfícies de contato, as bactérias chegam rapidamente à corrente sanguínea e espalham-se para todos os órgãos causando lesões, principalmente, no fígado e rins onde produzem hemorragia e necrose tecidual. Após a entrada no hospedeiro, a progressão da infecção envolve a adesão das bactérias às células eucarióticas e às proteínas de matriz extracelular seguida pela invasão aos tecidos. Estudos recentes demonstraram que as leptospiras são capazes de se translocarem através das monocamadas celulares, o que poderia ser um mecanismo de evasão do sistema imune e também facilitaria a entrada e saída da corrente sanguínea para infectar órgãos-alvo. O mecanismo envolvido na invasão do patógeno através das barreiras extracelulares não está bem elucidado. Enzimas capazes de degradar proteínas da matriz extracelular poderiam contribuir com a motilidade e quimiotaxia das bactérias durante a invasão. Bactérias patogênicas sintetizam e secretam diferentes tipos de proteases, que atuam degradando colágeno e glicoproteínas entre outras proteínas do hospedeiro. Recentemente, um estudo, utilizando gelatina e caseína como substratos e lisado bacteriano, mostrou haver uma variedade de proteases em Leptospira spp. Análises do genoma indicam a presença de vários genes que codificam prováveis proteases. A comprovação experimental da existência e a caracterização funcional destas proteínas poderão contribuir no entendimento da patogenia da leptospirose. Neste sentido, este trabalho teve como objetivos a clonagem, expressão e caracterização funcional de uma provável colagenase (ColA) de L.interrogans sorovar Copenhageni. As sequências codificantes do domínio de colagenase 1 (D1), do domínio de colagenase 2 (D2) e de ambos os domínios (Full) da ColA foram amplificadas por PCR a partir de DNA genômico de Leptospira e clonadas no vetor de expressão pAE. Os fragmentos D1, D2 e Full da ColA foram expressos em E. coli BL21 - SI e purificados a partir das frações insolúveis por cromatografia de afinidade a níquel. Os fragmentos recombinantes purificados foram utilizados na obtenção dos antissoros policlonais, e as atividades enzimáticas de cada um foram avaliadas. Os antissoros policlonais produzidos em coelho apresentaram elevados níveis de anticorpos detectados por ELISA. Experimentos de Western - blotting demonstraram a presença de proteína ColA em diferentes sorovares patogênicos de Leptospira spp. As proteínas Full e D2 apresentaram atividade catalítica sobre o colágeno desnaturado e sobre peptídeo sintético e atividade hemorrágica em camundongos. Estes resultados indicam que ColA é provavelmente uma proteína de leptospira envolvidas na invasão de tecidos do hospedeiro.
Leptospirosis is a zoonosis widespread throughout the world, caused by pathogenic spirochetes of the genus Leptospira, which colonize the renal tubules of wild and domestic animals. Transmission occurs mainly through direct contact with water and soil contaminated with urine of infected animals that may be clinically asymptomatic. Pathogenic leptospires invade host tissues by penetrating damaged skin or the mucous membranes of the mouth, nostrils and eyes. Soon after passing the contact surfaces, leptospires come quickly into the bloodstream and spread to all organs causing damage mainly in the liver and kidneys where they produce hemorrhage and tissue necrosis after entering the host, the progression of the infection involves the adhesion of bacteria to eukaryotic cells and extracellular matrix proteins followed by invasion of tissues. Recent studies have shown that leptospires are able to translocate across cell monolayers, which could be a mechanism for evasion of the immune system and also facilitate the entry and exit from the bloodstream to infect target organs. The mechanism involved in pathogen invasion through extracellular barriers is not well elucidated. Enzymes capable of degrading extracellular matrix proteins could contribute to motility and chemotaxis of bacteria during the invasion. Pathogenic bacteria synthesize and secrete different types of proteases that degrade collagen and glycoproteins among other host proteins. Recently, a study using gelatin and casein as substrates and bacterial lysate showed a variety of proteases in Leptospira spp. Analysis of the genome indicate the presence of several genes encoding probable protease. The experimental proof of the existence and functional characterization of these proteins may contribute to the understanding of the pathogenesis of leptospirosis. In this sense, this work aimed the cloning, expression and functional characterization of a probable collagenase (ColA) from L.interrogans serovar Copenhageni. Coding sequences of the collagenase domain 1 (D1), collagenase domain 2 (D2), and both domains (Full) of the ColA gene were amplified by PCR from genomic Leptospira DNA and cloned into the pAE expression vector. The D1, D2 and Full fragments of ColA protein were expressed in E. coli BL21-SI and purified from the insoluble fractions by nickel affinity chromatography. The purified fragments were used to obtain the polyclonal antiserum, and their enzymatic activities were evaluated by zymography. Rabbit polyclonal antiserum against the recombinant protein fragments were produced with a high antibody level detected by ELISA. Western-blotting experiments demonstrated the presence of ColA protein in different pathogenic serovars of Leptospira. The Full and D2 proteins showed catalytic activity on denatured collagen and synthetic peptide and hemorrhagic activity in mice. These results indicated that ColA is probably a leptospiral protein involved in invasion of host tissues.
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Herrmann, Geder Paulo. "Leptospira sp em ovinos do Rio Grande do Sul soroprevalência e avaliação da imunogenicidade da bacterina leptospira hardjo." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/BUOS-8C7HDA.

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We determined the seroprevalence of anti-Leptospira sp aglunininas in 1360 serum samples from sheep, the Southeast and Southwest messorregiãoes Rio Grande, between the months January to March of 199. The highest seroprevalence of Leptospira sp, more frequently to serovar hardjo, we elaborated a monovalent L hardjo, as oil adjuvant, administered to two groups of sheep consisting of 15 sheep and a third consisting of 10 control animals. The first group received two doses of vaccine with an interval of 30 days and the second group only one dose of vaccine by the microscopic agglutination test and ELISA, for period of 120 days. The determination of the prevalence of Leptospira spp in sheep in the Southeast and Southwest Mesorregiãoes Rio Grande, including development of an experimental killed vaccine proved to be important tools that can be used in epidemiological surveys and control programs implanting of Leptospirosis in sheep
Foi determinada a soroprevalência de aglunininas anti-leptospira sp, em 1360 amostras de soros de ovinos, das messorregiãoes Sudeste e Sudoeste Rio-Grandense, entre os meses de janeiro a marco de 199. A maior soroprevalência da Leptospira sp, com maior frequencia a sorovariedade hardjo, elaborou-se de uma vacina monovalente L hardjo, como adjuvante oleoso, aplicada em dois grupos de ovinos formado por 15 ovelhas e um terceiro controle formado por 10 animais. O primeiro grupo recebeu duas doses de vacina com intervalo de 30 dias e o segundo grupo apenas uma dose da vacina pela técnica de aglutinação microscópica e ELISA, por periodo de 120 dias. A determinação da prevalência de Leptospira sp em ovinos nas Mesorregiãoes Sudeste e Sudoeste Rio-Grandense, com elaboração de uma vacina oleosa experimental revelaram-se importantes ferramentas, podendo ser utilizados nos inquéritos epidemiológicos e na implatação de programas de controle das Leptospiroses dos ovinos
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Thaipadungpanit, Janjira. "Multilocus Sequence Typing of the Genus Leptospira." Thesis, Open University, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.495577.

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Epidemiological studies in rural Thailand have demonstrated that leptospirosis is a major cause of acute febrile illness in this setting. Superimposed on this was a sustained outbreak in northeast Thailand between 1999-2003, the basis for which was unknown. Outbreaks elsewhere in the world are commonly associated with the presence of a dominant, region-specific serovar of Leptospira, and it was postulated here that the Thai outbreak was due to the emergence of a single biologically successful clone. An inherent weakness in defining the population genetic structure of Leptospira is that the commonly used serovar is not a unit of genetic identity. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) has been described for Leptospira but is an imperfect tool since a number of variable strains appear identical by banding pattern. In response to this, a multilocu~ sequence typing (MLST) was developed for Leptospira interrogans (the most common species associated with human leptospirosis), and this was used to investigate the Thai outbreak. MLST data were also compared with PFGE and serovar typing. MLST was successfully applied to clinical and rodent isolates cultured from Thailand and reference isolates cultured from a more diverse geographical region. MLST demonstrated that the majority ofhuman infection (68%) in Thailand was caused by a single clone ofL. interrogans serovar Autumnalis, termed sequence type (ST) 34. This clone was also found in the rodent population, making a link between maintenance and accidental hosts. STs were compared with those of Leptospira drawn from the reference collection. This indicated a much more diverse population genetic structure for the reference collection. Unlike serovar and PFGE, MLST could differentiate between species and identify genetically related clones of L. interrogans and the highly related species L. kirschneri. MLST of L. interrogans represents a useful new tool for the genetic investigation of this important pathogen.
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Perolat, Philippe. "Typage moléculaire et taxonomie des Leptospira pathogènes." Paris 11, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA114834.

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Ricaldi, Camahuali Jessica Nancy. "Genomic insights into the pathogenesis of Leptospira." Diss., [La Jolla, Calif.] : University of California, San Diego, 2009. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3356365.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2009.
Title from first page of PDF file (viewed July 9, 2009). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 124-143).
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Zilber, Anne-Laure. "Rôle du rat brun (Rattus norvegicus) dans la persistance des leptospires en conditions naturelles." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10243/document.

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La leptospirose est une zoonose ré-émergente de distribution mondiale, causée par un spirochète du genre Leptospira. L'OMS rapporte environ un million de cas sévères de leptospirose humaine par an à travers le monde, avec un taux de mortalité de 10 %. Les rongeurs étant considérés comme les principaux hôtes réservoirs de cette bactérie, la transmettent aux Hommes et aux animaux, par un contact direct ou indirect via de l'urine infectée. Le rat brun (Rattus norvegicus) est important d'un point de vue épidémiologique car il est réservoir du principal sérogroupe incriminé dans les cas de leptospirose humaine : le sérogroupe Icterohaemorrhagiae. Chez ce rongeur, l'infection est asymptomatique et a été caractérisée par des modèles expérimentaux centrés sur la colonisation rénale des leptospires faisant appel à une voie d'inoculation éloignée des conditions naturelles. De plus, les détails sur la dynamique de transmission rat-rat restent encore inconnus. Il est donc important de mieux comprendre le rôle du rat dans le maintien des leptospires dans l'environnement, afin de mieux contrôler les épidémies de leptospirose humaine et animale. À partir d'un modèle expérimental avec une voie d'inoculation mimant des conditions naturelles (conjonctivale ou sous-cutanée), nous avons mis en évidence que la réponse sérologique semblerait être indépendante de la mise en place de la colonisation rénale, et que la voie conjonctivale serait plus efficace pour devenir porteur rénal que la voie sous-cutanée. De plus, une étude de l'infection naturelle sur le terrain avec les mêmes méthodes d'analyse, a permis de mettre en évidence la présence de leptospires dans les poumons de manière concomitante à un portage rénal chez le même individu. Grâce à la mise au point d'une nouvelle méthode de typage moléculaire, nous avons identifié les souches circulantes de leptospires dans une population urbaine de rats et leur dynamique de transmission. Toutes les souches portées par les rats appartenaient au sérogroupe Icterohaemorrhagiae et chaque colonie de rat ne semblait maintenir qu'une seule souche de leptospires dans sa population
The leptospirosis is a zoonosis caused by spirochetes of the genus Leptospira, which could infect human and animals. This infection represents a major problem of public health in several countries. The WHO estimates at one million of severe cases of human leptospirosis by year in the world, with a 10 % fatality rate. In the human, the leptospirosis is a mortal infection if it is not treated. The rodents, including the brown rat (Rattus norvegicus), are considered as a carrier and excrete pathogenic leptospires via urine, which becomes the main source of direct or indirect contamination of human and animal. In the rat, the asymptomatic infection was few characterized by experimental model, or only focused on the renal colonization using a no-natural inoculation route. Furthermore, the details of the transmission rat-rat remain still unknown. It is important to know the role of the rat in the persistence of leptospires in rural or urban environments, in order to better control leptospirosis epidemics. With an experimental model using conjunctival and subcutaneous routes, we showed that the antibodies production was independent of the rate of renal colonization and that the conjunctival route was more efficient to become renal carrier than the subcutaneous route. Furthermore, a study of the characteristics of natural infection using the same methods showed the presence of leptospires in lung of rat which are renal carriers. With a new method of molecular typing, we have studied the circulating of the Leptospira strains in the rat’s urban population. All the strains belonged to the Icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup and every colony of rats maintained only one strain of Leptospira. The characterization of the infection with the experimental and field studies, and the epidemiological studies are also important to model the infection in the brown rat, for the prevention of human and animal leptospirosis
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Moseley, Mark. "The diversity and ecology of Leptospira in Madagascar." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2017. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=236422.

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Multi-host pathogens include some of the most important pathogens of humans and livestock and, due to their complex biology, are particularly difficult to control. Leptospirosis is one of the most common, but neglected, zoonotic diseases in the world and an important cause of production losses in livestock. In Madagascar, potentially pathogenic Leptospira have been identified in both invasive and endemic small mammal hosts with strict associations noted between Leptospira species and host genera. However, in other regions, it is understood that Leptospira can infect multiple hosts and that livestock may also be important reservoir hosts. The aim of this study was to use molecular assays to elucidate the epidemiology of Leptospira infections in small mammals and livestock and to explore their role as reservoir hosts in Madagascar. Sampling of the small mammal community was performed across a heterogeneous landscape in eastern Madagascar and abattoir sampling of livestock was undertaken. We identified complex transmission dynamics, including mixed infections, within the reservoir community with spillover between endemic and invasive small mammal hosts, small mammals and livestock and a potential molecular link between a human case of leptospirosis in Madagascar and small mammal infections. In Rattus rattus, the most abundant invasive small mammal in Madagascar, the epidemiology of L. borgpetersenii and L. interrogans infections differs and facilitation of infection between the two species occurs. Moreover, we show that invasive small mammals (R. rattus and Mus musculus) and cattle may act as epidemiological bridges and amplification hosts, respectively. The reservoir for Leptospira in Madagascar is complex and both invasive small mammals and livestock may play a significant role as sources of human infection in Madagascar. These results suggest that further research in this system has the potential to answer important questions regarding the epidemiology, ecology and evolution of multi-host pathogens.
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Silva, Lucas Pereira e. "Clonagem, expressão e caracterização de prováveis proteínas de membrana indentificadas no genoma de Leptospira interrogans." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/87/87131/tde-24082016-094832/.

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A leptospirose é uma doença sistêmica, causada por bactérias patogênicas do gênero Leptospira. O desenvolvimento de novas estratégias para prevenir a doença é necessário. As pesquisas atuais têm interesse em identificar antígenos conservados que estão envolvidos nas interações patógeno-hospedeiro. Dois genes de L. interrogans foram selecionados, clonados, expressos e suas respectivas proteínas caracterizadas. Os genes foram amplificados por PCR e clonados no vetor de expressão PAE. As proteínas recombinantes foram purificadas por cromatografia de afinidade ao metal. A proteína rLIC10821 foi capaz de se ligar a laminina, plasminogênio e fibrinogênio. Ambas as proteínas foram localizadas na membrana externa de acordo com as três metodologias utilizadas: imunofluorescência, proteinase K, leptospira intacta. A proteína rLIC10821 que interagiu com o PLG foi capaz de gerar plasmina. Após a interação da proteína rLIC10821 com o fibrinogênio, foi possível identificar uma diminuição de 60% no coágulo de fibrina.
Leptospirosis is a systemic disease caused by pathogenic bacteria of genus Leptospira. The development of new strategies to prevent the disease is needed. Currently research has focused to identify conserved antigens related to the host-pathogen interaction. Two genes of L. interrogans were selected, cloned, expressed and its proteins characterized. The genes were amplified by PCR and cloned into expression vetor pAE. The recombinant proteins were purified by chromatography of metal affinity. The protein rLIC10821 were able to bind to laminin, plasminogen and fibrinogen. Both proteins were localized in the outer membrane according three methodologies: immunofluorescence, proteinase K, intact leptospira. The protein rLIC10821 interacted with PLG was able to generate plasmin. After the interaction of the protein rLIC10821 with fibrinogen, we could identify a decrease of 60% in the fibrin clot.
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Fazolo, Demétria Luci. "Estudo da interação de prováveis lipoproteínas de membrana externa de Leptospira com proteínas do hospedeiro." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/87/87131/tde-06122014-085815/.

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A leptospirose é uma zoonose mundial causada por espiroquetas patogênicas do gênero Leptospira, que colonizam os túbulos renais de animais domésticos e silvestres e são liberadas ao ambiente externo pela urina. Neste estudo avaliou-se a interação de seis prováveis lipoproteínas de membrana externa de leptospira com as proteínas do hospedeiro: colágeno I, colágeno IV, elastina, fibrinogênio, fibronectina celular e plasmática, laminina e plasminogênio. Os experimentos de adesão demonstraram que as proteínas recombinantes Lp21, Lp22 e Lsa30 apresentaram interação com os componentes do hospedeiro de maneira dose-dependente. Estas aderiram à fibronectina plasmática e laminina, além destes, a Lp21 e a Lp22 interagiram com plasminogênio, a Lp22 e a Lsa30 interagiram com colágeno IV. A Lp22 aderiu à elastina e ao fibrinogênio. No estudo de conservação gênica, os genes que codificam estas proteínas foram observados somente nas Leptospiras patogênicas. Portanto estas proteínas devem contribuir na adesão aos tecidos do hospedeiro na patogênese da Leptospira.
Leptospirosis is a worldwide zoonosis caused by pathogenic spirochetes of the genus Leptospira that colonize the renal tubules of wild and domestic animals and are excreted in the environment by their urine. The aim of this work was to study the interaction of six leptospiral probable outer-membrane lipoproteins with host proteins: collagen I, collagen IV, elastin, fibrinogen, cellular fibronectin, plasma fibronectin, laminin, and plasminogen. The binding experiments demonstrated that the recombinant proteins showed interaction with host components in a dose-dependent manner were Lp21, Lsa30 and Lp22. These proteins adhered to plasma fibronectin and laminin, in addition to these components, Lp21 and Lp22 interacted with plasminogen, Lp22 and Lsa30 interacted with collagen IV. The Lp22 adhered to elastin and fibrinogen. The genes encoding the probable lipoproteins were found only in pathogenic Leptospira. These results demonstrated that these proteins may contribute in the adhesion to host tissues, in the pathogenesis of Leptospira.
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Books on the topic "Leptospira"

1

Koizumi, Nobuo, and Mathieu Picardeau, eds. Leptospira spp. New York, NY: Springer US, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0459-5.

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Leptospira and leptospirosis. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1994.

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Adler, Ben, ed. Leptospira and Leptospirosis. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45059-8.

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Ašmera, Jaroslav. Problematika leptospiróz na severní Moravě. Praha: Státní pedagogické nakl., 1991.

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J, Terpstra W., World Health Organization, and International Leptospirosis Society, eds. Human leptospirosis: Guidance for diagnosis, surveillance and control. [Geneva]: World Health Organization, 2003.

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Ireland. Food Safety Advisory Committee. Leptospiral infections, Lyme disease, Babesiosis, Orf virus disease. Dublin: Stationery Office, 1992.

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Leptospira and leptospirosis. 2nd ed. Melbourne: MediSci, 1999.

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Adler, Ben. Leptospira and Leptospirosis. Springer Berlin / Heidelberg, 2016.

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Adler, Ben. Leptospira and Leptospirosis. Springer London, Limited, 2014.

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Wunder Jr, Elsio A., Azad Eshghi, and Nadia Benaroudj, eds. Pathogenesis of Leptospira. Frontiers Media SA, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/978-2-88945-649-9.

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Book chapters on the topic "Leptospira"

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Adler, B., and A. de la Peña Moctezuma. "Leptospira." In Pathogenesis of Bacterial Infections in Animals, 527–47. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470958209.ch28.

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Levett, Paul N. "Leptospira." In Manual of Clinical Microbiology, 1028–36. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555817381.ch58.

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Sagar, Tanu, Nitin Gupta, and Rama Chaudhry. "Leptospira." In Handbook of Foodborne Diseases, 369–76. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, [2019] | Series: Food microbiology series | “A CRC title, part of the Taylor & Francis imprint, a member of the Taylor & Francis Group, the academic division of T&F Informa plc.”: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b22030-34.

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Girons, Isabelle Saint, and Richard L. Zuerner. "Leptospira interrogans." In Bacterial Genomes, 673–78. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6369-3_65.

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Coia, John, and Heather Cubie. "Leptospira species." In The Immunoassay Kit Directory, 814–15. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0359-3_23.

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Levett, P. N. "Leptospira spp." In Principles and Practice of Clinical Bacteriology, 461–71. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470017968.ch39.

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Birtles, Richard. "Leptospira Infections." In Infectious Diseases of Wild Mammals and Birds in Europe, 402–8. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118342442.ch33.

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Foley, Janet, and Mary H. Straub. "Leptospira spp." In Interpretation of Equine Laboratory Diagnostics, 203–7. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118922798.ch36.

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Johnson, Douglas I. "Leptospira spp." In Bacterial Pathogens and Their Virulence Factors, 289–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67651-7_21.

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Faine, Solly. "The Genus Leptospira." In The Prokaryotes, 3568–82. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2191-1_32.

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Conference papers on the topic "Leptospira"

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Veríssimo, Graciete Soares Libório, Ivanize Barbosa De Souza Almeida, and Paula Carvalhal Lage Von Buettner Ristow. "O PAPEL DA FORMAÇÃO DE BIOFILME EM LEPTOSPIRA: PROTEÇÃO DA AGRESSÃO DO MEIO AMBIENTE E INVASÃO E EVASÃO DO HOSPEDEIRO." In I Congresso Nacional de Microbiologia Clínica On-Line. Revista Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51161/rems/1193.

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Introdução: Leptospiras são bactérias Gram-negativas, capazes de sobreviver no solo e na água por longos períodos. O gênero Leptospira é classificado em espécies saprofíticas e patogênicas. Leptospira patogênica causam leptospirose, zoonose com incidência global com mais de um milhão de casos e 58.900 mortes anual em todo o mundo. A leptospirose é transmitida através de solo ou água contaminada, pela urina do Rattus norvegicus, principal hospedeiro, que eliminam leptospiras viáveis no ambiente. Leptospira patogênicas podem infectar qualquer mamífero, inclusive o ser humano. In vitro e em ambientes naturais, Leptospira formam biofilmes, o que pode estar associado a sobrevivência da bactéria no ambiente por longos períodos. Biofilmes são comunidades de microrganismos aderidos a superfície, envolvidos em uma matriz extracelular, os quais protegem os microrganismos contra radiação, dessecação, antibioticoterapia e defesas do sistema imune. Objetivo: Neste estudo buscamos analisar o papel do biofilme na sobrevivência de Leptospira no meio ambiente e como este biofilme pode contribuir para invasão e evasão no hospedeiro. Material e métodos: Consistiu-se em uma revisão de literatura, a partir de uma abordagem qualitativa, na base de dados Pubmed, utilizando como termo de busca booleano (biofilm[Title/Abstract]) AND (leptospira[Title/Abstract]). Foram encontrados 15 artigos, compreendendo o período de 2003 a 2020. Resultados: A formação de biofilmes desempenham papeis importante em sua capacidade de sobrevivência em diversos habitats ambientais, principalmente para as bactérias patogênicas, que permanecem viáveis até infectar novos hospedeiros. Etapas iniciais na formação de biofilme em Leptospira, fornecem informações detalhadas sobre estratégias usadas para criar biofilmes resilientes, e assim, se proteger contra estresses extracelulares. Também identificamos que a via c-di-GMP é funcional, além de exercer um papel formação de biofilme desta bactéria. Já foi demonstrado na literatura que Leptspira compõem biofilme mistos, e que quando usado a concentração subinibitória de antibióticos, estimula a produção de biofilme e as protegem contra antibioticoterapia. Conclusão: Por conseguinte, sugere-se que biofilmes estejam relacionados à patogênese da leptospirose. Desde a sua sobrevivência no meio ambiente, assim como na evasão no hospedeiro. Aspectos estruturais do biofilme e da composição da matriz extracelular ainda são pouco conhecidos. E necessitam ser mais explorados.
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Silva, Letícia da, TAMIRIS SILVA LOPES, and BRENDA PICOLI GHENO. "INFECÇÃO POR LEPTOSPIRA SPP. EM GATOS." In I Congresso Brasileiro On-line One Health. Revista Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51161/i-onehealth/9418.

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Sumarningsih, Sumarningsih, and Simson Tarigan. "Preliminary Study: Characterisation of Antibody for rLipl32 Protein of Leptospira." In Proceedings of International Seminar on Livestock Production and Veterinary Technology. Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.14334/proc.intsem.lpvt-2016-p.147-152.

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"Impedimetric Sensor of Leptospira Bacteria Based on Mixed Metal Alloys - Polyaniline Films." In March 14-16, 2019 Paris (France). Eminent Association of Pioneers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.17758/eares5.eap0319206.

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V.S., Petrenko, and Krotova O.E. "PRODUCTION OF HUMAN LEPTOSPIROSIS VACCINE WITH INCLUDED STRAIN OF LEPTOSPIRA INTERROGANS OF SEROGROUP CANICOLA." In "INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN SCIENCE AND EDUCATION". ДГТУ-Принт, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/itno.2021.163-165.

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The leptospirosis vaccine is the main method of preventing the occurrence and spread of leptospirosis. Compliance with the standards of manufacturing, labeling, and storage is mandatory for immunological preparations. All stages of vaccine production must comply with the rules established by the Ministry of Industry and Trade and ensure its safety for humans. The article presents epidemiological data on leptospirosis in the Russian Federation in the period from 2013 to 2018. A method for producing a vaccine against human leptospirosis is described. The leptospirosis vaccine is polyvalent using membrane technologies and semi-synthetic culture media. It eliminates the use of foreign protein and does not require cleaning. The vaccine is an opalescent liquid with sediment and a pH of 7.2-7.6 and it is not allowed to contain live leptospira. Vaccination is carried out according to epidemiological indicators. Leptospirosis suspension forms specific immunity for 1 year.
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S, MANZINI, SANTOS W J D, GUIRALDI L M, AIRES I N, RIBEIRO E, TAHA N H A, LUCHEIS S B, and MEDEIROS M I M. "Investigação Molecular de Leptospira spp. a Partir do Isolamento de Urina de Bovinos Abatidos Em Frigorífico." In Encontro de Pós-graduação da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu. Editora Scienza, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26626/978-65-5668-019-4c0048.

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Ataides, Laura, Fernanda Maia, Fernando Conte, and Rodrigo Silva. "In silico identification of epitopes target of humoral response against Sphingomyelinase 2 (Sph2) of pathogenic Leptospira." In International Symposium on Immunobiologicals. Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35259/isi.2022_52218.

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Gonçalves, Priscila, Paloma Napoleão-Pêgo, Patricia Ferreira, Andre Souza, and Salvatore De Simone. "Mapeamento de epitopos de seis proteínas da membrana externa de Leptospira interrogans usando tecnologia de síntese peptídica de alto rendimento." In VI Seminário Anual Científico e Tecnológico. Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.35259/isi.sact.2018_27271.

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Maia, Fernanda, Laura Ataídes, Fernando Conte, and Rodrigo Silva. "Identification of naturally immunogenic B-cell epitopes in Leptospira secreted metalloproteases: novel and promising targets to multi-epitopes vaccines against leptospirosis." In International Symposium on Immunobiologicals. Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35259/isi.2022_52271.

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Hùng, Nguyễn Tuấn, Đặng Thị Quỳnh, Nghiêm Ngọc Minh, and Võ Thị Bích Thuỷ. "PHÂN TÍCH VÀ NHÂN DÒNG GEN Lipl21 MÃ HÓA CHO PROTEIN MÀNG TỪ NĂM CHỦNG Leptospira spp. PHÂN LẬP TẠI VIỆT NAM." In HỘI NGHỊ KHOA HỌC QUỐC GIA VỀ NGHIÊN CỨU VÀ GIẢNG DẠY SINH HỌC Ở VIỆT NAM. Nhà xuất bản Khoa học tự nhiên và Công nghệ, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/vap.2020.00054.

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