Academic literature on the topic 'Leonardo's lintel'

The FADERTIC project – open on-line support for Rural Development Agents (RDA) based on the use of latest information and communication technologies (ICT) is a project in frame of the EU Leonardo da Vinci II program. Three authors of this text form the Czech partner team. It aims at providing alternative means for the continuous training of Rural Development Agents, more specifically a self-training and guidance system. The project is focused on developing and checking a product (web on-line training tool) and making it available to rural development agents. The philosophy and structure of Fadertic project is shown in the paper together with selected output previews of web based training tool.

La ciudad occidental se ha concebido, desde sus orígenes, como una sucesión de llenos y vacíos. La presencia de esos vacíos, no ocupados por edificios, ha permitido la construcción de paisajes arquitectónicos, configurando el carácter ambiental de las ciudades y “ampliando” su morfología y su memoria. Desde la ciudad antigua hasta la contemporánea, estos vacíos construi-dos se han convertido en espacios significativos, más allá de un uso o una función concretos. En este tiempo que vivimos, estos pai-sajes, que refuerzan los mecanismos de las memorias de las ciudades, son más necesarios que nunca. Para ejemplificar este pro-ceso se han elegido paisajes arquitectónicos estrechamente vinculados a las memorias de tres ciudades: París, Nueva York y Roma

Vision had long been investigated by Italian artists and scientists such as Brunelleschi, Alberti, Leonardo, and Galileo, and all of them had been concerned with illusions. The pace of experimental studies of a subset of illusions quickened in the second half of the 19th century, but the investigation of such geometrical optical illusions started rather late in Turin. It was stimulated by the arrival of Kiesow from Wundt’s laboratory in Leipzig. Botti initiated experiments on spatial illusions, followed by Ponzo, who wrote two articles in 1912 that indelibly linked his name to a simple configuration of equal circles or lines contained with converging lines—the Ponzo illusion. This happened despite the publication of essentially the same figures over a decade earlier by Thiéry and Sanford.

In reactor core physics analysis,the research about the pre-processing of Method of Characteristic (MOC) including the generation and storage of characteristic line,the progress of calculation and the choosing of different quadrature set.In addition,doing some simulations,which is based on OpenMOC code and C5G7-MOX benchmark,about different parameters (including the track spacing,azimuthal angles and polar angles) and calculated its impacts on the computational efficiency and accuracy.the simulation results are as following:setting the track spacing as 0.1 cm or the azimuthal angle number as 4,the simulation results have better accuracy. Whether choosing the Leonard’s optimum quadrature set or the Tabuchi-Yamamoto quadrature set,the number of polar angles have tiny impact on accuracy.

The main features and general structures of two distant learning modules within geographical information science for vocational training are presented in this paper. “European Level Developments of Flexible Learning Models within Geographical Information Science (GIS) for Vocational Training (E-GIS)” was a pilot project under the Leonardo de Vinci Community action Programme on vocational training, within Geographical Information Science (GIS), to be implemented over a three year period, 2002–05. The project will be continued in 2008–2009 under the abbreviation eGIS+. The main objectives of the project is to establish co-operation between European Universities and GIS user organisations and to develop modularised courses intended for Internet based learning, establish links of communications between the partners in the project in order to disseminate and share “best practices” in different teaching situations and for different types of students. The course modules to be developed, all together, will constitute a one-year programme within GIS. This project mainly targets full time students, private and civil service employees within the European Union, but also similar categories in non-EU countries. The outcomes of the project is high level content, new net-based pedagogic method suited for accessing target groups of great diversity as regards pedagogic traditions, access to computers and bandwidth. Cooperation between the institutions will, certainly, give higher level courses than the individual institutions could possibly themselves. “Training of Lithuanian Geographic Information Infrastructure managers” is a project supported by European Union Structural Funds and National Land Service under the Ministry of Agriculture of Lithuania Republic. The main objective of the proposed geographic information e-training system is to develop and provide the modularised Spatial Information Infrastructure courses intended for on-line based learning. This mainly will target employees of civil service and private business in Lithuania and European Union. Proposed curriculum is a set of modular courses adding up to 1.5-year part-time studies in the field of Geographic Information Science and Geographic Information Infrastructure.

Abstract Gas turbine compressor blades operating with air inlet fogging can suffer from Water Droplet Erosion (WDE). WDE can also affect the last rows of steam turbines where expanding steam produces water condensation, especially under start-up and low load conditions. WDE damages the blades’ leading and sometimes trailing edges, increasing turbine rotation drag, reducing efficiency and leading to costly maintenance. This paper reports the testing of Hardide® nano-structured W/WC metal matrix composite coating as a protection against WDE. The Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) technology crystallizes the coating atom-by-atom from the gas phase and produces a uniform pore-free coating on complex shaped parts like turbine blades, vanes and pump impellers, including non-line-of-sight areas. Two variants of CVD W/WC coatings were tested: “A” type is 50–100 microns thick and has a hardness range of 800–1200 Hv and “T” type is 35–65 microns thick with a higher hardness of 1100–1600 Hv. Both coating types are made of Tungsten Carbide nanoparticles dispersed in metal Tungsten matrix. This composition and structure produce a combination of enhanced fracture toughness with high hardness and enables the deposition of exceptionally thick hard CVD coatings to provide durable protection against WDE and solid particle erosion. The coatings are pore-free thus also provide an effective barrier against corrosion. The coatings were tested for WDE resistance by the UK National Physics Laboratory (NPL) using 350 μm water droplets at 300 m/sec velocity. Uncoated 410 SS control samples suffered from a major loss of material after just 7-hours of exposure to WDE, forming a 200 μm deep scar across the whole tested area. After a much longer exposure of 90 hours, the coating samples showed negligible WDE damage, only measurable on the samples’ edges. The coating also outperformed Stellite, which is widely used as WDE protection in the form of welded overlay or plates brazed to the blade’s leading edge. The thicker and less hard type “A” CVD coating showed better performance when compared to the thinner, harder type “T”. The effects of the coatings’ thickness, hardness, and residual stresses on the WDE resistance are discussed. The rig testing showed that the CVD WC/W coating can protect steam and gas turbine blades against WDE thus increasing the service life of equipment and maintaining its optimal performance for longer, reducing CO2 emissions and cutting the life-cycle costs. Hardide coatings are used by major oil service companies, pump and valve producers to improve durability in abrasive and corrosive environments. Airbus has approved Hardide-A coating as a REACH-compliant replacement for Hard Chrome plating on aircraft components. Other customers include BAE Systems, EDF Energy, Leonardo Helicopters and Lockheed Martin. The Hardide coating service is provided from state-of-the-art coating facilities near Oxford (UK) and in Virginia (US). Production and quality control are accredited to ISO9001, AS9100 and NADCAP standards.

Banco de la República’s main objective is to preserve the purchasing power of the currency in coordination with the general economic policy that is intended to stabilize output and employment at long-term sustainable levels. Properly meeting the goal assigned to the Bank by the 1991 Constitution critically depends on preserving financial stability. This is understood to be a general condition in which the financial system assesses and manages the financial risks in a way that facilitates the economy’s performance and efficient allocation of resources while, at the same time, it is able to, on its own, absorb, dissipate, and mitigate the shocks that may arise as a result of adverse events. This Financial Stability Report meets the goal of giving Banco de la República’s diagnosis of the financial system’s and its debtors’ recent performance as well as of the main risks and vulnerabilities that could affect the stability of the Colombian economy. In this way, participants in financial markets and the public are being informed, and public debate on trends and risks affecting the system is being encouraged. The results presented here also serve the monetary authority as a basis for making decisions that will enhance financial stability in the general context of its objectives. In recent months, several positive aspects of the financial system have preserved a remarkable degree of continuity and stability: the liquidity and capital adequacy of financial institutions have remained well above the regulatory minimums at both the individual and consolidated levels, the coverage of past-due loans by loan-loss provisions remains high, and the financial markets for public and private debt and stocks have continued to function normally. At the same time, a surge in all the types of loan portfolios, a sharp downturn in the non-performing loan portfolio, and a rise in the profitability of credit institutions can be seen for the first time since the beginning of the pandemic. In line with the general recovery of the economy, the main vulnerability to the stability of the Colombian financial system identified in the previous edition—uncertainty about changes in the non-performing loans portfolio—has receded and remains on a downward trend. In this edition, the main source of vulnerability identified for financial stability in the short term is the system’s exposure to sudden changes in international financial conditions; the results presented in this Report indicate that the system is sufficiently resilient to such scenarios. In compliance with its constitutional objectives and in coordination with the financial system’s security network, Banco de la República will continue to closely monitor the outlook for financial stability at this juncture and will make the decisions necessary to ensure the proper functioning of the economy, facilitate the flow of sufficient credit and liquidity resources, and further the smooth functioning of the payment system. Leonardo Villar Gomez Governor Box 1 -Decomposition of the Net Interest Margin in Colombia and Chile Wilmar Cabrera Daniela Rodríguez-Novoa Box 2 - Spatial Analysis of New Home Prices in Bogota, Medellín, and Cali Using a Geostatistical Approach María Fernanda Meneses Camilo Eduardo Sánchez Box 3 - Interest Rate Model for the SYSMO Stress Test Exercise Wilmar Cabrera Diego Cuesta Santiago Gamba Camilo Gómez Box 4 - The Transition from LIBOR and other International Benchmark Rates Daniela X. Gualtero Briceño Javier E. Pirateque Niño