Academic literature on the topic 'Lentils – Processing'
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Journal articles on the topic "Lentils – Processing"
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Zagoruyko, M. G., M. Ye Chaplygin, and S. A. Davydova. "Diversification of lentil production." E3S Web of Conferences 193 (2020): 01022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019301022.
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Production and processing of lentil as a valuable leguminous crop with a high content of beneficial nutrients (fiber, protein, minerals and vitamins), a low glycemic index, and a low-calorie content (295 kcal per 100 grams of raw lentils) has great potential for domestic economy. The world market of lentil is analyzed, prospects for increasing the level of its use in domestic markets are identified. An evaluation of the crop processing by an extrusion method is given. The statistical data of the Federal State Statistics Service, the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia, information materials of Russian and foreign research organizations and companies are studied. The methods of complex structural-dynamic analysis and the expert-analytical method of data processing are used. It is found that lentils contain the largest amount of protein among the rest of the plants, which is a source of essential amino acids (isoleucine and lysine), and that the use of this crop in feed production along with soya bin is promising and appropriate. Based on the analysis of gross yields of lentil in federal districts of Russia in 2010-2019 and export supplies of the crop revealed that the domestic lentil export market expanded 6.1 times, but the country’s lentil consumption decreased 1.18 times. Thus, in the current economic conditions, the issue of finding the use of lentils as a raw export product and expanding the potential for using lentils in the domestic market is relevant. It is proposed to expand the possibilities of using lentils by extruding it, which will allow to have high quality products with good biological value and consumer properties on the domestic market.
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VERDE, CONCEPCIÓN VIDAL-VAL, JUANA FRÍAS, and SERAFÍN VAL VERDE. "Effect of Processing on the Soluble Carbohydrate Content of Lentils." Journal of Food Protection 55, no. 4 (April 1, 1992): 301–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-55.4.301.
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Lentils (Lens culinaris), like other legumes, are important both nutritionally and agriculturally. Soaking of lentil drastically reduce the quantities of α-galactosides present in the raw material (45–100% reduction). Analysis of the soaking medium (distilled water, 0.1% citric acid solution, 0.07% sodium bicarbonate solution) showed that these losses could not be explained by leaching alone, since the α-galactosides in the soaking medium amounted to only 1–10% of the recorded losses. Other monosaccharides (fructose and glucose) underwent a conspicuous increase (120 and 280% respectively) after soaking. The results indicate that during the 9 h soaking period the sugars in the lentils underwent a metabolic mobilization reminiscent of the changes taking place during germination. Cooking of the soaked lentils modified the α-galactoside content only slightly. On the other hand fructose, glucose, and sucrose decreased significantly during cooking. Soaking and cooking in water led to removal of a substantial proportion of the flatulence-causing oligosaccharides.
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Podder, Rajib, Mahmudul Hassan Al Imam, Israt Jahan, Fakir Md Yunus, Mohammad Muhit, and Albert Vandenberg. "Sensory Acceptability of Dual-Fortified Milled Red and Yellow Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) Dal in Bangladesh." Foods 9, no. 8 (July 24, 2020): 992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9080992.
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This study evaluated the sensory properties of uncooked and cooked milled lentils that were fortified with varying concentrations of Fe and Zn in the form of NaFeEDTA and ZnSO4.H2O, respectively. Our study was carried out among 196 lentil consumers residing in rural Bangladesh who experience with growing, processing, and marketing lentils. A nine-point hedonic scale was used to rate the appearance, odor, taste, texture and overall acceptability of three uncooked and two cooked lentil (dal) samples made from each of the three milled lentil product types (LPTs), red football, red split and yellow split. Preferences for sensory properties were found to be significantly different among all uncooked lentil samples, but not significantly different for cooked samples, with a few exceptions. This means that the fortification process minimally affects dual-fortified lentil sample (fortified with 16 mg of Fe and 8 mg of Zn per 100 g of lentil), which was compared to another cooked sample (unfortified control), in terms of consumers liking for all four attributes (appearance, odor, taste, and texture).
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Fıratlıgil-Durmuş, E., E. Šárka, and Z. Bubník. "Image vision technology for the characterisation of shape and geometrical properties of two varieties of lentil grown in Turkey." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 26, No. 2 (April 17, 2008): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/1/2008-cjfs.
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Geometrical features of lentil seeds (<I>Lens culinaris</I> Medik) were analysed using the image analysis LUCIA system Ver. 3.52. The values of the weight of 1000 kernels, kernel density, specific volume, specific surface area, and surface area of 1000 kernels of red and green lentils were determined as 66.61 and 138.56 g, 1504.5 and 1376.4 kg/m<sup>3</sup>, 0.6647 and 0.7265 cm<sup>3</sup>/g, 0.594 and 0.579 m<sup>2</sup>/kg, 395.4 and 801.9 cm<sup>2</sup>,, respectively. The lentil volume was simulated by an oblate spheroid and two sphere segments and the volumes obtained with both models were compared with that obtained by pycnometric method. Percentage differences of the two sphere segment approximation for red and green lentils were 4.4% and 4.2%, respectively. The height (thickness) of lentils was constant and practically the same with both varieties (2.6 mm) and therefore it was possible to simplify the geometrical models. Thus, 2D image analysis is suitable for a quick evaluation of the specific volume and surface area of grains on the basis of the projected area (equivalent diameter) without the measurement of the height. Image processing provides a simple, rapid, and non-invasive methodology to estimate lentil geometric features and engineering parameters.
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Brodie, Graham, Dorin Gupta, and Saeedeh Taheri. "Heat Uniformity Study and Viability of Red Lentil at Different Seed Moisture Contents after Low-Dose Microwave Treatment." Transactions of the ASABE 62, no. 2 (2019): 281–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.13002.
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Abstract. Microwave processing has recently gained attention for seed treatment to eradicate pests and pathogens. However, there is a lack of data on the effect of microwave treatment on legume viability, as well as heat uniformity after microwave treatment. To clarify this matter, 50 g of red lentils at four moisture contents (MC) from 9% to 21% wet basis (w.b.) were treated in a microwave oven with full output power of 1100 W (producer information) or 3.33 W g-1 (based on calorimetric method) at power levels of 30%, 40%, and 50% and exposure times of 30 and 60 s. Final temperature distribution was captured using an infrared thermal camera, and absorbed power (W g-1) and energy (J g-1) were calculated using thermal properties of lentil. Lentil viability was negatively affected at absorbed energy higher than 70 J g-1 at any moisture content. For high moisture contents, more than 70 J g-1 were absorbed at power levels of 40% and 50% after 60 s exposure time. However, the viability of dry lentils was not affected after exposure to 50% power for 60 s, which raised the average temperature to 55°C. Germination and vigor of lentil at 21% MC treated with 30% power for 30 s increased by 8.6% and 20%, respectively, and conductivity after two months storage decreased by 15%, which shows the stimulating effect of microwave on lentil seeds. Keywords: Disinfection, Heat uniformity, Legume, Lentil, Microwave, Quality, Seed enhancement, Temperature distribution, Viability.
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Antipova, Luydmila, Tatiana Kuchmenko, Anastasiya Osmachkina, and Natalia Osipova. "Identification of total aromas of plant protein sources." Foods and Raw Materials 8, no. 2 (September 30, 2020): 362–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2308-4057-2020-2-362-368.
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Introduction. Due to the deficit and high cost of complete animal protein, the search and analysis of alternative sources is an actual scientific trend. Lentils is a good alternative to animal protein, but the pronounced bean smell and taste limit its full or partial use in food production. The aim of the work was to determine the total aromas of lentils when germinated to eliminate the bean taste and smell.
Study objects and methods. The object of the study was brown lentil beans germinated under laboratory conditions. Samples of the equilibrium gas phase formed over samples of wet and sprouted beans were investigated. The analysis of total aromas was carried out on a laboratory odor analyzer MAG-8 (“electronic nose”) by the method of piezoelectric quartz micro-weighing with an array of sensors.
Results and discussion. The study results showed qualitative and quantitative differences in the equilibrium gas phase over samples of wet and germinated grain. The quantitative analysis showed that the content of volatile compounds over sprouted grain is 12% less than over wet. The qualitative composition of the samples of wet and sprouted grain differed by 60%, which confirmed the influence of germination on the composition of the equilibrium gas phase and the possibility of eliminating bean odor. Testing showed that the use of pre-processed lentil grains allows to replace up to 50% of raw meat in minced products (minced food, chopped food) without changing the smell of the products.
Conclusion. According to the results obtained, preliminary processing of lentils by germination will allow using this bean culture as an alternative source of animal protein to expand the range, and improve the quality of meat and dairy products.
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Vidal-Valverde, Concepcion, Juana Frias, Isabel Estrella, Maria J. Gorospe, Raquel Ruiz, and Jim Bacon. "Effect of processing on some antinutritional factors of lentils." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 42, no. 10 (October 1994): 2291–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf00046a039.
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Nikolaev, Dmitriy Vladimirovich, Svetlana Evgenievna Bozhkova, Margarita Vasilyevna Zabelina, Margarita Vasilyevna Zabelina, Petr Vladimirovich Smutnev, Tatyana Stanislavovna Preobrazhenskaya, and Igor Yurievich Tyurin. "Technology for the production of pates by replacing raw meat with vegetable components." Agrarian Scientific Journal, no. 2 (February 18, 2021): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2021i2pp49-54.
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The article is devoted to the development of functional meat food products made by partially replacing beef and poultry meat with lentils and carrots. When developing the pate, a partial replacement of grade 2 beef and chicken fillet with lentils and carrots is provided. A technology for the production of pate with vegetable raw materials based on the use of sprouted lentils obtained by processing it with electroactivated solutions of sodium and ammonium chlorides has been developed. Studies of functional, technological and organoleptic parameters of the developed pates have been conducted, which have shown that the proposed pate recipe allows replacing expensive ingredients – grade 2 beef and chicken fillet with lentils and carrots, to get a product that is not inferior in quality to the standard pate preparation technology. The article describes the detailed amino acid composition of the pate under study and compares it with the reference protein.
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Khazaei, Subedi, Nickerson, Martínez-Villaluenga, Frias, and Vandenberg. "Seed Protein of Lentils: Current Status, Progress, and Food Applications." Foods 8, no. 9 (September 4, 2019): 391. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods8090391.
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Grain legumes are widely recognized as staple sources of dietary protein worldwide. Lentil seeds are an excellent source of plant-based proteins and represent a viable alternative to animal and soybean proteins for food processing formulations. Lentil proteins provide not only dietary amino acids but are also a source of bioactive peptides that provide health benefits. This review focuses on the current knowledge of seed protein, extraction and isolation methods, bioactive peptides, and food applications of lentil protein. Lentil is the most rapidly expanding crop for direct human consumption, and has potential for greater impact as a protein source for food processing applications. Improvements in lentil protein quality, amino acid composition, and processing fractions will enhance the nutritional quality of this rapidly expanding crop globally.
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Yeo, JuDong, and Fereidoon Shahidi. "Effect of hydrothermal processing on changes of insoluble-bound phenolics of lentils." Journal of Functional Foods 38 (November 2017): 716–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2016.12.010.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Lentils – Processing"
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Sampathkumar, Yamuna. "Thermal processing effects on total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, trypsin inhibitor activity and in-vitro protein digestibility of lentils." Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=107918.
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Heat pre-treatment of nutrient-rich lentil seeds prior to their processing into flour may enhance its use by reducing processing and preparation times in value added products. In this study, changes in trypsin inhibitor content, total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, and in-vitro protein digestibility of flours prepared from hulled red lentils and unhulled green lentils were determined subsequent to various processing methods such as oven roasting (OR), boiling and microwave heating (MH). The increasing interest in the phenolic content of plant based food-stuffs made us to assess two different lentil cultivars processed under fixed temperature and time combination. Total phenolic content and antioxidant activity (TAC) of 70% acetone lentil extracts were assayed spectrophotometrically at 760nm using Folin-Ciocalteu and DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity methods, respectively. Significant differences in phenolic content and antioxidant activity were noted between hulled red and unhulled green lentil varieties. MH (5 min) led to a significant increase (P ≤ 0.05) in total phenolic content in unhulled green lentil flours (GLF) [8.85 mg GAE/g dry weight (DW) while raw flour comparatively showed lower phenolic content [7.5 mg GAE/g DW]. A similar increase was found after oven-roasting this material for 20 min. The TAC of untreated unhulled green lentil range was around 86%, and it was higher than the value obtained for the flour from untreated hulled red lentils. The increase in TPC of OR samples and microwave-heated samples over untreated ones may reflect reductions in TAC. Flour samples obtained from boiled lentils showed a sharp decrease in TPC and TAC values, which may be attributable to a number of factors in the matrix.Though lentils are rich in protein, their anti-nutritional components, the length of the time required for their preparation, as well as their unfavorable flavor, and reduced protein digestibility have limited their frequency of use for human consumption. By applying heat, anti-nutritional factors such as trypsin inhibitors can be largely removed. Our results show that MH treatment produced significant reduction (P≤0.05) in trypsin inhibitor activity when compared to OR or boiling methods. In- vitro protein digestibility (IVPD) was improved after processing. Longer processing times associated with OR or boiling methods improved IVPD to a greater extent than MH.Keywords: TAC- Total antioxidant activity; GA- Gallic Acid equivalent; Lentils; TPC- Total phenolic content; IVPD- In-Vitro Protein digestibility; MH- Microwave heating; OR- Oven roasting; GLF- Green lentil flours; RLF- Red lentil floursLe prétraitment thermique de lentilles avant de les moudre en farine peut faciliter son utilisation dans la préparation de produits à valeur ajoutée. Cette étude porte sur l'évaluation des effets des prétraitments thermiques par chauffage par torréfaction(CT), par chauffage par microondes (CM), ou par l'eau bouillante (EB), sur la teneur en composés phénoliques totaux (CPT), sur l'activité anti-oxydante totale (AAOT), sur les teneurs en inhibiteur de trypsine, et sur la digestibilité in-vitro des protéines (DIVP). Les essais ont été faits sur des farines obtenues à partir de lentilles rouges décortiquées et de lentilles vertes non decortiquées après l'application des prétraitment thermiques. Les deux varieties de lentilles ont été prétraitées selon des combinaisons déterminées de températures et de durées de traitment. Les teneurs en CPT et l'AAOT ont été évaluées par spectrophotométrie à 760 nm en utilisant la méthode de Folin-Ciocalteu et la méthode DPPH (1, 1- diphényl-2-picrylhydrazyle) de piégeage des radicaux libres. Les résultats ont démontré des différences significatives entre les deux types de lentilles étudiées. Le prétraitement CM (5 min) a conduit à une augumentation significative (P≤0.05) de la teneur en CPT dans les échantillons de farine de lentilles vertes [8.85 mg GAE/g de poids sec (ps) lorsque comparé aux échantillons de farine de lentilles vertes non-traitées [7.5 JEU mg/g ps]. Une tendance similaire a été observée auprés des farines de lentilles vertes torréfiées au four pendant 20 min. L'AAOT des farines de lentilles vertes non-traitées était d'environ 86% et elle était supérieure à celle obtenue à partir de lentilles rouges non-traitées. Les teneurs en CPT observées dans les échantillons traités soit par CT soit par CM étaient plus élevées que celles des échantillons non traitées et peuvent refléter des réductions en AAOT obetnues. Les teneurs en CPT et en AAOT des échantillons obtenues à la suite du prétraitment EB étainet nettement inférieures et peut être attributées à plusieurs facteurs dans la matrice. Bien que les lentilles soit riches en protéines, plusiers facteurs limitent leurs utilisation pour la consommation humaine. Ces principaux facteurs sont : la présence de composants antinutritionnels, le temps nécessaire à la préparation, les saveurs désagréables, et la digestibilité réduites des protéines. On peut réduire l'impacte des facteurs antinutritionnels comme les inhibiteurs de la trypsine par des traitements thermiques. Les résultats ont demontré que l'utilisation du pretraitment CM permettait de réduire significativement (P≤0.05) l'activité des inhibiteurs de trypsine lorsque comparés aux prétraitments CT et EB. Il a aussi été démontré que l'augmentation de la dureé des prétraitments thermiques par CT ou par EB permettait d'accroitre la DIVP. Dans tous les cas étudiés, l'application d'un prétraitment thermique sur les lentilles a permis d'améliorer la DIVP.Mots clés : Lentilles vertes, lentilles rouges, farines, traitements thermiques, composés phénoliques totaux (CPT), activité anti-oxydante totale (AAOT), digestibilité in-vitro des protéines (DIVP), équivalent en acide gallique, chauffage par torréfaction (CT), chauffage par microondes (CM), chauffage par trempage dans l'eau bouillante (EB).
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Gras, Sylvain. "Caractérisations quantitatives 3D à l'échelle nanométrique de l'extrême surface de lentilles à dioptres asphériques par analyse d'images." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00799798.
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L'objet de ce travail, réalisé entre Thalès-Angénieux et l'Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Étienne dans le cadre d'une convention CIFRE, porte sur l'analyse et la caractérisation de défauts apparaissant lors des différentes phases de fabrication de lentilles asphériques en fluorine. Les lentilles ainsi réalisées doivent être intégrées dans des produits et, de ce fait, ne doivent pas présenter de défauts gênants. La fluorine est une matière de plus en plus utilisée en optique de précision du fait de ses caractéristiques de transmission. La réalisation de dioptres asphériques dans cette matière est d'autant plus complexe. La fabrication de ces surfaces peut se faire de diverses façons. Des méthodes traditionnelles de polissage ou basées sur la microrectification et sur le tournage à l'outil diamant sont couramment utilisées. Cette dernière, relativement plus facile, plus rapide à mettre en œuvre et de coût moindre, donne néanmoins des surfaces inacceptables, non pas en terme de forme et de rugosité, mais des zones d'arrachement apparaissent sur le dioptre. Les moyens de mesure standard : profilométrie mécanique, déflectométrie, interférométrie sous rayonnements visibles monochromatique et polychromatique utilisés généralement à chaque étape de ces processus deviennent alors insuffisants et ne permettent pas d'expliquer l'origine de ces arrachements. Une étude de la structure cristallographique par diffraction des rayons X ainsi qu'une interprétation des résultats par un logiciel d'analyse d'images permet alors d'expliquer ce phénomène et de relier l'orientation du monocristal de fluorine à la réalisation de dioptres sans défauts. Ainsi il devient possible de remonter aux conditions d'usinage, de les modifier dans le but d'obtenir des surfaces exemptes de tout défaut.
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Higa, Rogerio Seiji 1978. "Contribuições na aplicação de câmeras plenópticas em vigilância e no desenvolvimento de um padrão de abertura codificada." [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/261222.
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Orientador: Yuzo IanoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T11:30:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Higa_RogerioSeiji_D.pdf: 315857726 bytes, checksum: fc4b1a8ece5899c3242b8cde47a92645 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015
Resumo: Apesar da qualidade das imagens geradas pelas câmeras de segurança ter evoluído, muitas vezes não é suficiente para a identificação do sujeito de interesse. Nem sempre a capacidade do sensor, medida em megapixels, reflete a qualidade da câmera. O conjunto sensor e lente é que define sua real capacidade de captar imagens de qualidade. Eventualmente o foco da câmera não está sobre o objeto de interesse tornando mais difícil sua identificação. Existem, atualmente, as chamadas câmeras plenópticas, que capturam informação 4D da luz sobre a cena e permitem que o foco da imagem seja corrigido. Um software pode ser empregado para o ajuste do foco em regiões de interesse após a captura da imagem. Câmeras de abertura codificada também permitem a recuperação da nitidez da imagem por meio do uso de um padrão na abertura da lente. Essas duas câmeras fazem parte de uma área chamada fotografia computacional, que visa capturar mais informações sobre a distribuição de luz para a posterior visualização. Neste trabalho é proposto o uso de câmeras plenópticas no ambiente de vigilância, e também um novo padrão específico de abertura codificada. Os resultados obtidos revelam a maior eficiência do sistema proposto diante de aberturas apresentadas na literatura
Abstract: Even though the image quality of the surveillance cameras got better, many times the quality is not enough to identify the person of interest. The sensor resolution, measured in megapixels, does not always reflect the quality of the camera. The lens and sensor set defines its real capacity of capturing good images. Eventually the focus of the camera is not on the object of interest, making the identification very difficult. Nowdays there are the so called plenoptic cameras which captures 4D information about the light distribution of the scene. This allows the correction of the image focus. The focus of region of interest can be adjusted through software after the image capture. Coded aperture cameras also allows the sharpness recovery by using a pattern in the lens aperture plane. In this work it is proposed the employment of the plenoptic cameras in surveillance, e also a new specific pattern to coded aperture. The obtained results reveal the better efficiency of the proposed system compared to the ones presented in the literature
Doutorado
Telecomunicações e Telemática
Doutor em Engenharia Elétrica
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Fuchs, Benjamin. "Lentilles stratifiées et sources réelles associées - Analyses théoriques et validations expérimentales en ondes millimétriques." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00194403.
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Certaines lentilles inhomogènes à gradient d'indice présentent de nombreuses propriétés intéressantes (focalisation, dépointage, comportement large bande, etc.). Parmi celles-ci, la lentille hémisphérique "Half Maxwell Fish-Eye" (HMFE) a rarement été étudiée auparavant. Cette thèse a pour but d'approfondir les connaissances sur cette lentille. Des outils de conception et d'analyse ont ainsi été développés.
Une méthode d'optimisation de la discrétisation du gradient d'indice a été proposée et appliquée aux lentilles HMFE et de Luneburg. Elle permet de choisir les paramètres des lentilles stratifiées et est généralisable à tout type de loi à dépendance radiale tant diélectrique que magnétique.
La majeure partie de ce travail de thèse est consacrée au développement de deux codes de calcul utilisant la technique de raccordement des modes basée sur les fonctions d'ondes sphériques.
Le premier code permet l'analyse rapide des lentilles stratifiées de forme sphérique et hémisphérique de toute taille associées à une source réelle. Le second est formulé pour prendre en compte des structures stratifiées de forme arbitraire avec la possibilité d'introduire du métal. Cette méthode est appliquée à l'étude d'objets diffractants de révolution.
D'un point de vue applicatif, les performances en focalisation des antennes lentilles HMFE sont analysées et comparées à celles des lentilles de Luneburg. Les capacités de dépointage de cette lentille sont aussi quantifiées et une antenne lentille HMFE reconfigurable est présentée.
Ces performances sont validées par des mesures d'antennes lentilles HMFE en ondes millimétriques.
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Seifi, Mozhdeh. "Signal processing methods for fast and accurate reconstruction of digital holograms." Phd thesis, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01004605.
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Techniques for fast, 3D, quantitative microscopy are of great interest in many fields. In this context, in-line digital holography has significant potential due to its relatively simple setup (lensless imaging), its three-dimensional character and its temporal resolution. The goal of this thesis is to improve existing hologram reconstruction techniques by employing an "inverse problems" approach. For applications of objects with parametric shapes, a greedy algorithm has been previously proposed which solves the (inherently ill-posed) inversion problem of reconstruction by maximizing the likelihood between a model of holographic patterns and the measured data. The first contribution of this thesis is to reduce the computational costs of this algorithm using a multi-resolution approach (FAST algorithm). For the second contribution, a "matching pursuit" type of pattern recognition approach is proposed for hologram reconstruction of volumes containing parametric objects, or non-parametric objects of a few shape classes. This method finds the closest set of diffraction patterns to the measured data using a diffraction pattern dictionary. The size of the dictionary is reduced by employing a truncated singular value decomposition to obtain a low cost algorithm. The third contribution of this thesis was carried out in collaboration with the laboratory of fluid mechanics and acoustics of Lyon (LMFA). The greedy algorithm is used in a real application: the reconstruction and tracking of free-falling, evaporating, ether droplets. In all the proposed methods, special attention has been paid to improvement of the accuracy of reconstruction as well as to reducing the computational costs and the number of parameters to be tuned by the user (so that the proposed algorithms are used with little or no supervision). A Matlab® toolbox (accessible on-line) has been developed as part of this thesis
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Jouadé, Antoine. "Millimeter-wave radar imaging systems : focusing antennas, passive compressive devicefor MIMO configurations and high resolution signal processing." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1S154/document.
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Les travaux présentés dans cette thèse sont une contribution à l’étude des systèmes d’imagerie active en bande millimétrique et plus spécifiquement sur les parties antennaires et le traitement de signal. Ces travaux ont été menés dans le cadre d’une collaboration entre Canon Research Center France et l’ETR. Une première étude a porté sur les antennes focalisantes et plus spécifiquement sur la lentille de Fresnel avec un procédé de fabrication de matériau à gradient d’indice qui a permis d’améliorer l’efficacité (59%) et la largeur bande de fréquence (75-110 GHz). Cette antenne a été utilisée sur un système rotatif pour imager une scène réelle extérieure. L’étude s’est ensuite focalisée sur la conception d’une configuration Multiple-Input Multiple-Output ou MIMO (entrées multiples, sorties multiples) grâce notamment à l’utilisation d’un dispositif compressif passif 4×1 permettant de réduire, par compression, le nombre de chaînes RF. Ces chaînes sont décompressées par post-traitement. Le dispositif, placé à l’émission, a été associé avec un scanner qui permet de synthétiser un réseau d’antennes à la réception. Cette configuration a permis de générer virtuellement un réseau de plus grande taille, permettant d’améliorer la résolution azimutale du système tout en limitant le nombre de chaînes RF. Cette configuration est utilisée pour imager une scène en chambre anéchoique afin de valider le concept. Pour améliorer encore plus la résolution du système avec un nombre limité de chaînes RF, l’étude d’algorithmes de haute-résolution, ou méthodes d’estimation spectrales, sont utilisés dans des configurations à large bande de fréquences pour imager des cibles en champs proche. L’association de la configuration MIMO, du dispositif compressif passif et des méthodes d’estimation spectrales permet d’améliorer la résolution du système tout en limitant le nombre de chaînes RF nécessaireThe broad topic of the presented Ph.D. thesis consists in the contribution to the study of Radar imaging systems at millimeter-wave and more specifically to the antennas and signal processing. These works have been carried out during a partnership between Canon Research Center France and IETR. A first study on focusing antennas, particularly on Fresnel lens antennas, thanks to a technological process to manufacture inhomogeneous materials, has allowed to improve the efficiency and the frequency bandwidth. The antenna has been mounted on a rotary system to image a real outdoor scene. Then, the study has been focused on the realization of a Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) configuration notably using a 4 × 1 passive compressive device allowing to reduce, by compression, the number of radiofrequency (RF) chains. The chains are decompressed by post-processing. The device, used at the transmitting part, is associated with a scanner that synthetizes a receiving array of antennas. This configuration allows to generate a large virtual array, to improve the azimutal resolution of the system while maintaining acceptable the number of RF chains. This configuration has been used to image a scene in an anechoid chamber to validate the concept. To further improve the spatial resolution of the system for a given number of RF chains, the study of high resolution algorithms, or spectral estimation methods, are used to image scenes in near field and wide-band configurations. The combination of MIMO configurations, the passive compressive device and the spectral estimation methods have allowed to drastically improve the spatial resolution of the radar imaging system while limiting the number of RF chains
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Guinot, Axel. "Weak lensing analysis of the Canada-France Imaging Survey : from pixels to cosmology, preparation for the Euclid mission." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UNIP7106.
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Parmi les grandes questions auxquelles la cosmologie fait face aujourd’hui, la nature de la matière noire et de l’énergie noire sont au centre des relevés à venir. Les futures missions de stade IV Euclid et LSST vont couvrir une surface du ciel jamais atteinte auparavant dans le but de révéler les structures aux très grandes échelles et de différentes époques. Le lentillage gravitationnel faible sera une des sondes cosmologiques utilisées pour tracer la matière noire. Le lentillage gravitationnel est un phénomène physique qui utilise la distorsion de la lumière pour tracer la présence de masses dans l’Univers. Ce qui est intéressant avec le lentillage gravitationnel faible est sa sensitivité à la masse totale, i.e. baryonique et non-baryonique. Dû au lentillage gravitationnel, les galaxies distantes apparaissent distordues sur les images observées. La mesure des distorsions provoquées par le cisaillement gravitationnel requiert une très précise estimation des formes des galaxies. Cette thèse présentera la chaîne de réduction de données construites pour l’étude du lentillage gravitationnel faible, depuis le télescope jusqu’à l’inférence des paramètres cosmologiques. Le travail se focalise sur l’analyse du relevé Canada-France Imaging Survey (CFIS), un relevé couvrant 5,000 deg2 de l’hémisphère Nord dans les bandes u et r. La haute résolution et la profondeur de ces données en font à ce jour un des meilleurs candidats pour l’étude de la science du lentillage gravitationnel faible. Entre autres choses, la mesure précise de la forme des galaxies nécessite une très bonne connaissance de la PSF pour laquelle une suite de tests ont été développés pour la validation. Dû au bruit, et l’utilisation d’approximations pour la mesure de formes, les résultats peuvent être biaisés. Par l’utilisation de techniques de pointe comme la Metacalibration, les biais multiplicatifs et additifs résiduels ont été réduits à m < 0.1% et c < 0.001% respectivement. Cette thèse présentera aussi le travail qui est demandé pour le développement d’une chaîne de traitements pour du lentillage gravitationnel faible, comme l’élaboration de simulations d’images très précises et représentatives des données. Nous présenterons les tests de validations réalisés pour assurer une mesure dénuée d’erreurs systématiques. Enfin, des résultats scientifiques préliminaires seront présentés pour démontrer la viabilité de la chaîne de traitements. Nous avons construit des cartes de matière noire sur une surface de 2,000 deg2. Nous avons mesuré et comparé aux prédictions théoriques le cisaillement gravitationnel tangentiel autour d’environ 50 amas. Pour conclure, nous présenterons une première analyse 3x2 points combinant le lentillage gravitationnel faible de l’étude réalisée sur CFIS et la mesure du décalage vers le rouge des galaxies des observations de eBOSS sur les 50 deg2 choisis dans le but de vérifications scientifiquesAmong the big questions cosmology faces today, the nature of dark matter and dark energy are at the center of upcoming surveys. The future stage IV missions Euclid and LSST will cover a surface on the sky never reached before to unveil structures at very large scales and different epochs. Weak gravitational lensing will be one of the cosmological probes used to trace dark matter. Gravitational lensing is a physical phenomenon which uses the distortion of light to trace the presence of mass in the Universe. The interesting point of weak lensing is its sensitivity to total mass, i.e. baryonic and non-baryonic. Due to gravitational lensing, distant galaxies will appear distorted on the observed images. The measurement of the distortions induced by gravitational shear requires a very accurate estimation of the shape of galaxies. This thesis will present the data reduction pipeline built for weak lensing studies, from the telescope to cosmological parameter inference. The work focuses on the analysis of the Canada-France Imaging Survey (CFIS), a u- and r-band survey covering 5,000 deg2 in the Northern hemisphere. The high resolution and depth of those data make it one the best survey candidates for weak lensing science to date. Among other things, accurate measurement of the shape galaxies requires a very good knowledge of the PSF for which a suite of validation tests have been developed. Due to the noise, and approximations used in the shape measurement, the results can be biased. The residual multiplicative and additive biases have been reduced to m < 0.1% and c < 0.001% respectively by using state-of-art techniques such as Metacalibration. This thesis will also present the work that is required for the development of a weak lensing pipeline, such as the elaboration of highly accurate and data-representative image simulations. We will show validation tests performed to ensure systematic-free measurements. Finally, preliminary science results will be presented demonstrating the viability of the pipeline. We have constructed maps of dark matter over a surface of 2,000 deg2. We have measured tangential shear around 50 clusters and compared to theoretical predictions. To conclude, we will present a first 3x2 points analysis combining the weak lensing study performed on CFIS and the redshift measurement from eBOSS observations on the 50 deg2 chosen for science verification purposes
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Leong-Hoï, Audrey. "Etude des techniques de super-résolution latérale en nanoscopie et développement d'un système interférométrique nano-3D." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAD048/document.
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Ce manuscrit de thèse présente l’étude des techniques de super-résolution latérale en nanoscopie optique, qui est une des nouvelles techniques d'imagerie haute résolution, aujourd'hui largement utilisée en biophysique et en imagerie médicale, pour imager et caractériser des nanostructures, tout en conservant les avantages de l'imagerie optique en champ lointain comme un vaste champ, la visualisation et l’analyse en temps réel…Un des défis futurs de la microscopie 3D super-résolue est d’éviter l’utilisation des marqueurs fluorescents. La microscopie interférométrique fait partie des techniques d’imagerie 3D sans marquage permettant la détection de nanostructures. Pour améliorer le pouvoir de détection de ce système optique, un premier protocole de traitement d’images a été développé et implémenté, permettant ainsi de révéler des structures initialement non mesurables. Puis, pour améliorer la résolution latérale du système, une nouvelle technique combinant l’interférométrie et le principe du nano-jet photonique a été développée permettant l’observation d’objets de taille inférieure à la limite de diffraction de l’instrument optiqueThis manuscript presents the study of the lateral super-resolution techniques in optical nanoscopy, which is a new high-resolution imaging method now widely used in biophysics and medical imaging, to observe and measure nanostructures, with the advantages of far field optical imaging, such as a large field of view, visualization and analysis in real time…One of the future challenges of 3D super resolution microscopy is to avoid the use of fluorescent markers. Interferometric microscopy is a 3D label-free imaging technique enabling the detection of nanostructures. To improve the detection capability of this optical system, a first version of a protocol composed of image processing methods was developed and implemented, revealing structures initially unmeasurable. Then, to improve the lateral resolution of the system, a new technique combining interferometry and the principle of the photonic nano-jet has been developed, thus allowing the observation of objects of a size smaller than the diffraction limit of the optical instrument
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Lee, Huang Chun Chemical Sciences & Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Physio-chemistry and rheology of Australian lentil flour and starch, and their implications for extrusion." 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/40748.
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Among three varieties of Australian lentils, Len culinaris, Matilda had larger physical dimensions and higher protein contents, but no significant difference in chemical composition or physical dimensions existed between Digger and Cobber. Optimum conditions for the extraction of lentil flours which passed through a 0.79 mm screen were pH 9.0 at 30??C for Matilda and pH 8.5 at 35??C for both Digger and Cobber. These conditions enable a high yield of lentil starches and proteins, with minimal changes or damage to their quality. Matilda offered advantages for processors over the other varieties: it had higher protein and fibre; lower lipid; and greater foam-forming capacity and foam stability. Its starch had higher Tg, lower Tm and better expansion behaviour. All lentil starches were shear-thinning. The flow of the molten lentil starches under limited moisture content differed from starches sheared in excess moisture condition. When extruded, lentil starches offered good expansion and had higher Tg than did cereal starches in extruded products. The overall rheological behaviour of lentil flours differed from that of their corresponding starches. The lentil flours had poorer pasting quality and expansion possibly because of interference by their lipid and protein components. Starch rheological behaviour was greatly affected by the amylose/amylopectin ratio and the molecular weight of starches, while flour behaviour was more influenced by the interfering components. The ?? value obtained from capillary rheometry (CR) could be used for the screening of materials for their expansion behaviour. The CR data gave excellent agreement to the results achieved from the extruder and in predicting the expansion indices and calculated viscosity of six flour blends. In all, the quantitative and qualitative knowledge on the physico-chemistry and rheology of lentils give a better understanding of the behaviour of lentil flours and starches in the expansion of extruded products, producing suitable end products with acceptable quality and storage stability. This project highlights the lentil flour and starch rheology characteristics in view of possible application in extruded products.
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"The Economic Impacts of Processing Based Intellectual Property Protection:The Case of Red Lentils." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10388/ETD-2014-02-1469.
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Saskatchewan’s lentil producers are positively impacted when their temporary competitive advantage in the industry, which in part is derived from high yielding Saskatchewan-bred lentil varieties, is eroded though ineffective intellectual property (IP) protection. The ineffective IP protection occurs due to the inconsistency in the enforcement of policies and laws across countries, making it difficult to protect IP when exporting products. Additionally, intellectual property protection of lentils is inefficient is when viable seeds are obtained by other countries through the export of whole seeds. This is because lentils are an open pollinated crop and intellectual property cannot be protected through hybrid seed technology. This is an issue because the Canadian red lentil (CRL) varieties have been bred for the Saskatchewan climate, but are well suited to grow in countries that have similar climates, and therefore are well adapted to large regions of Russia and Kazakhstan. The similarity in growing conditions, coupled with the lack of IP protection for the CRL varieties makes it possible for Russia and Kazakhstan to use imported Saskatchewan bred lentil varieties to grow in their lentil industry. When Russia and Kazakhstan grow the CRL varieties it directly competes with Saskatchewan’s production in the world market, eroding the producer surplus of Saskatchewan producers. This thesis estimates the economic benefit to Canadian growers of restricting access to Canadian varieties through a value chain that genetically protects the CRL varieties by exporting only de-hulled red lentils.
A dynamic, multi-country, partial equilibrium model is used to estimate the effects de-hulling CRL varieties before export will have on the Canadian lentil industry. This model determines the effects that de-hulling CRL's will have on Canadian lentil producer's welfare by comparing the results from when there is genetic protection (GP) for the CRL varieties before they are export and then there is no genetic protection (noGP) for the CRL varieties.
In my thesis, I examine four potential scenarios for the future lentil production in Russia and Kazakhstan over the next twenty years. The four growth scenarios that are examined for Russia and Kazakhstan’s lentil industries range from no convergence to full convergence. No convergence is when Russia and Kazakhstan continue producing lentils with their 2011 lentil hectares until 2034. Full convergence is when both countries converge to the Canadian lentil industry’s ratio of lentil hectares to spring wheat hectares.
The empirical model results show that producer surplus gained by Canadian lentil producers are increased when Canadian firms use GP to protect the intellectual property rights (IPR) of new CRL varieties. My results show that lentil prices in the global market will be modestly higher when there is GP for lentils versus when there is noGP for lentils over the next twenty years. The difference in the prices of the noGP case and the GP case gets larger as Russia and Kazakhstan go from no convergence to full convergence. The price impacts of GP in 2034 range from a $0.52 per tonne increase with no convergence to a $5.92 per tonne increase with full convergence. If the net processing margin is not increased, GP will produce a 2012 discounted price of $2.41 billion over the 2014-2034 period, suggesting only modest returns from GP. When all four convergence scenarios are evaluated and weighted by expected probabilities of occurrence, the estimated overall economic impact for Canadian lentil producers from 2014 to 2034 will be $47.12 million in additional producer surplus (PS), which is equal to an increased price of $3.41 per tonne. For this to be feasible the cost of de-hulling the lentils must be profitable to the processors at $3.41 per tonne or less.
Book chapters on the topic "Lentils – Processing"
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Olagunju, Aderonke Ibidunni, and Olufunmilayo Sade Omoba. "Processing, Nutritional Composition, and Health Benefits of Lentils." In Handbook of Cereals, Pulses, Roots, and Tubers, 319–32. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003155508-21.
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Giordano, Cerrene N., Karen L. Connolly, Klaus J. Busam, and Kishwer S. Nehal. "Histologic Processing and Evaluation of Surgical Excision Specimens." In Lentigo Maligna Melanoma, 89–111. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43787-3_8.
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Fenta, Tadesse, and Yogesh Kumar. "Evaluation of Processing Conditions for Lentil and Corn Blend Extrudate." In Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, 65–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15357-1_5.
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Nasir, Muhammad, and Jiwan S. Sidhu. "Common Pulses: Chickpea, Lentil, Mungbean, Black Gram, Pigeon Pea and Indian Vetch." In Dry Beans and Pulses Production, Processing and Nutrition, 283–309. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118448298.ch12.
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Emsley, John. "Nearly as nature intended: An exhibition of some curious molecules in the foods we eat." In Molecules at an Exhibition. Oxford University Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198502661.003.0005.
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There are scores of myths surrounding the things we eat: chocolate is almost addictive; Coca-Cola is just a concoction of chemicals; garlic wards off heart disease and cancer; an aspirin a day keeps the doctor away. None of these statements is true, but they contain a germ of truth. In this gallery we can inspect the portraits of some of the natural and unnatural chemicals which a normal diet contains. The pleasures of eating are sweet but fleeting, while the warnings about food seem bitter and never-ending. The warnings we should heed are those of professional dietitians, the front-line troops who are fighting the war against poor nutrition and unbalanced diets. While they help the people who are referred to them, the rest of us only hear their advice second-hand, and even then we do not heed it—which may explain why one person in five is now classed as obese (33% or more overweight) i. the USA, and one in ten in Britain. Behind the front-line dietitians is a regiment of armchair food commanders who offer their advice to anyone who listens. Often it is soundly based, telling us how to lose weight and still be properly nourished, but a lot is rather unhelpful, merely condemning some popular foods as ‘junk’ without explaining why they are so (although this term is generally taken to mean that they contain too much sugar, salt, saturated fats and additives). Examples of junk food are chocolate, colas, hamburgers and french fries. Sadly the healthy alternatives, such as raw celery, mineral water and lentils, lack appeal for many, and especially for children. Alongside claims about junk food come more dire warnings about the chemicals that are present in other foods, and especially if these have been added merely to make food look and taste more tempting, or if they are there as contaminants that come from pesticides and processing. Surprisingly, most food-related illness comes not from these, but from micro-organisms such as bacteria and fungi, and we are most at risk when we eat food that has not been properly stored or prepared. Ideally food should be free of all dangerous impurities, be they bacteria, fungi or chemicals.
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Sigee, David C. "Microorganisms 1." In Freshwater Ecology and Conservation, 133–56. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198766384.003.0007.
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This chapter gives a broad overview of freshwater algae in standing (lentic) and flowing (lotic) waters, with information on their morphological and taxonomic diversity. Algal communities are considered in relation to phytoplankton, substrate-attached and biofilm organisms. Methods are given for their collection, sample processing, enumeration, and biomass estimation in different aquatic situations. The relevance of these algae to human activities is considered particularly in relation to eutrophication of standing waters and the occurrence of harmful algal blooms. Control strategies to limit the growth of colonial blue-green algae are discussed within the context of an integrated management policy
Conference papers on the topic "Lentils – Processing"
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Taheri, Saeedeh, Graham Ian Brodie, and Dorin Gupta. "EFFECTIVENESS OF A MICROWAVE FLUIDISED BED DRYER IN ERADICATION OF SEED-BORNE BOTRYTIS GREY MOLD OF LENTILS." In Ampere 2019. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ampere2019.2019.9635.
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Lentil is one of the important pulse crops in the world with a high proportion of easily digestible protein. However, there are several pests and pathogens which cause losses during crop growth, harvesting and post-harvest storage. Microwave processing has shown great potential to eradicate pests and pathogens from grains; however, there is still concerns about its heat uniformity, which is of crucial importance in pest and pathogen control. Fluidization using forced hot air is one of the potential solutions for having uniform temperature during microwave processing. In this study, a single mode microwave cavity, with a 2.45 GHz microwave source, was modified to have a microwave fluidized bed and used to evaluate its potential to eliminate the Botrytis grey mold (BGM) pathogen, which is one of the important seed-borne pathogens of lentil crops in Australia. Air speed was maintained to be constant during the experiment and was just enough to fluidize 100g of red lentils in the sample holder. Two wet based (w.b.) seed moisture contents (m.c.) of 10.5% and 18.5% were prepared and the process parameters were selected as: air temperature at 50 and 60°C; microwave power at 0, 300, 400 W for 18.5% m.c. and 0, 400, 500 W for 10.5% m.c.; and exposure times of 5 and 10 min. These parameters were chosen to reach the final temperature of below 70°C. The effect of process parameters on seed moisture loss, seed germination, electrical conductivity of seed soaking water and percentage of infected seeds (IS%) were analyzed using general factorial regression and analysis of variance. The results showed that the most effective factors on moisture loss, after seed moisture content, was exposure time, followed by microwave power and air temperature. While final bed temperature was affected mostly by air temperature, and then by microwave power. Furthermore, based on general full factorial regression and pareto chart of standardized effects, moisture content had by far the most influence on the reduction of IS%. Seed pathogen inoculum reduction, without significant seed viability loss, was obtained by applying microwave power of 300W and set air temperature of 60°C (actual inlet air temperature of 57±1°C) on seeds with m.c. of 18.5% for 10 min. This gave a 27% reduction in IS% (from 82% to 55%).
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Jing Wang, Yong Yu, Jinsong He, Songming Zhu, and Jianping Li. "Polysaccharide Extracts from Lentinus Edodes Stems Assisted By High Pressures Processing." In 2012 Dallas, Texas, July 29 - August 1, 2012. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.42065.
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Tosh, Susan, Edward Farnworth, Joyce Boye, Michele Marcotte, Marzouk Benali, Amanda Wright, and Alison Duncan. "Nutritional profile and carbohydrate characterization of spray-dried lentil, pea and chickpea ingredients." In Foods: Bioactives, Processing, Quality and Nutrition. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bpqn2013-01184.
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Cendre, R., A. Mansouri, Y. Benezeth, F. Marzani, J.-L. Perrot, and E. Cinotti. "Two Schemes for Automated Diagnosis of Lentigo on Confocal Microscopy Images." In 2019 IEEE 4th International Conference on Signal and Image Processing (ICSIP). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/siprocess.2019.8868595.
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Shreyas, B. V., B. P. Deepthi, and K. N. Vishwanath. "Analysis of stabilisation period of two lentic lake with marble powder." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE 35TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE POLYMER PROCESSING SOCIETY (PPS-35). AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5141559.
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Lin, Haojian, Weimei Yang, Ran An, Quanhong Ou, and Gang Liu. "Discrimination of wild-growing and cultivated Lentinus edodes by tri-step infrared spectroscopy." In International Conference on Optical Instruments and Technology 2017: Optoelectronic Imaging/Spectroscopy and Signal Processing Technology, edited by Guohai Situ, Liquan Dong, Xun Cao, and Wolfgang Osten. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2284440.
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