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Academic literature on the topic 'Lentils'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 August 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Lentils"

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Reif, Theresa M., Sabine Zikeli, Ann-Marleen Rieps, Carina P. Lang, Jens Hartung, and Sabine Gruber. "Reviving a Neglected Crop: A Case Study on Lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus subsp. culinaris) Cultivation in Germany." Sustainability 13, no. 1 (December 25, 2020): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13010133.

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Cultivation of lentils had ended by mid-20th century in Germany, but a revival was initiated in the first decade of this millennium in Southwest Germany. However, knowledge of lentil cultivation was almost lost, and today’s yields are still low. To gain an overview of current farm practices and of factors that can help lentil cultivation thrive, 25 lentil farmers (21 organic, 4 conventional) from SW Germany answered questionnaires for agronomic data on lentil cultivation in the years 2015, 2016, and 2017. Eleven farmers took part in additional semi-structured interviews about their motivation and the most important factors (economic, ecological, and social) that encouraged them to grow lentils. Neither the lentil variety (Anicia, Späth’s Alblinse I and II), nor the companion crop for the usual mixed cropping (spring barley, oat, and camelina), significantly influenced lentil yield. If lentil cultivation is to further expand, data from more farmers could be evaluated and factors that contribute to crop thriving analyzed more clearly. The cultivation techniques currently practiced are diverse, and lentils integrate well into existing structures. Farmers appear motivated to grow lentils by good examples of colleagues, by availability of marketing channels, and by the desire to promote lentils’ ecological and social benefits.
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Mamakhai, A. K., and M. G. Zagoruiko. "Territorial Prospects for Growing Lentils." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 988, no. 3 (February 1, 2022): 032089. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/988/3/032089.

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Abstract We assessed the prospects of lentil cultivation in the Russian Federation and the most favorable regions for this. The following tasks were set: we assessed the importance of lentils in the country’s economy, identified promising regions for growing lentils, taking into account agronomic and economic conditions. When analyzing suitable regions for lentil cultivation, not only the agrotechnical conditions of cultivation were taken into account, but also economic factors, for example, the proximity and volume of sales markets, including exports. The selection of promising regions for growing lentils was made on the basis of its agrobiological properties, existing cultivation volumes and agro-climatic conditions of the regions of the Russian Federation. The impact of global climate change and the dynamics of lentil cultivation volumes in recent years were taken into account. Canada, as one of the world leaders in growing lentils, is located at the same latitude with the regions of the Saratov and Volgograd regions. In Russia, the Saratov and Volgograd regions are in good soil and climatic conditions for growing lentils. The high gross harvest was the result of an increase in the acreage under lentils, the value of which in 2019 amounted to 274 thousand hectares, which is 3 thousand hectares more than last year. The production of lentils is going on with a noticeable increase, which is due to the significant orientation of the cultivation of this crop for export. According to the AB-center, in 2015, export deliveries of lentils amounted to 7.4 thousand tons; in 2016-17.2; in 2017-64.6 thousand tons, 2018-77.9 thousand tons; 2019 – 79.8 thousand tons. In the course of research, it was found out that lentils play an important role in the national economy of the country. It is determined that the regions of the Saratov and Volgograd regions are the most promising for expanding lentil production both in terms of agro-climatic conditions and economic potential.
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Anoma, A., R. Collins, and D. McNeil. "The value of enhancing nutrient bioavailability of lentils: The Sri Lankan scenario." African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 14, no. 67 (December 22, 2014): 9529–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.67.13640.

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Lentil ( Lens culinaris Medic.) is a pulse crop that belongs to the family Leguminosae . Lentils are rich in proteins, have 18 of the 20 amino acids including all 8 essential amino acids and provide a number of essential minerals and vitamins. Thus, lentils occupy an important place in the human diet, especially in developing countries, as a rich source of protein, vitamins and minerals. Although in many developing countries in Asia rice contributes significantly to human daily energy and nutritional requirements, its amino acid profile shows that rice lacks some essential amino acids. Therefore, given their rich composition of amino acids, lentils could act as an ideal supplement for rice-based diets. Although all red lentils are imported, they are the most widely consumed pulse among Sri Lankans. Red lentil consumption levels are significantly greater in the estate sector where the prevalence of under nutrition is high. Thus, t his review was undertaken to understand the potential role of lentils in the Sri Lankan diet and how lentils can potentially be utilized to meet the nutritional needs of Sri Lankans. The study was based on an extensive literature review and information obtained thro ugh personal interviews with key participants in the red lentil industry of Sri Lanka. It was evident that red lentils are a rich source of nutrients, especially micro-nutrients, but their bioavailability is poor due to the presence of multiple anti-nutritive factors such as protease inhibitors, phenolic compounds and phytates. Although bioavailability of nutrients can be enhanced by changing food processing techniques, fortification and bio-fortification, lentil cooking patterns in Sri Lanka pose difficulties in adopting changed food processing techniques and fortification. Thus, bio-fortification would be the most viable option for enhancing nutrient availability in lentils. Since Sri Lanka does not produce lentils, such initiatives may have to be undertaken in exportin g countries or in collaboration with international agricultural research centres. Any strategic investments in breeding new lentil varieties with high bioavailability would provide exporting countries a unique competitive edge in export markets. Such improvements would meet the nutritional needs, not only of Sri Lankans, but also of mil lions other Asian consumers who face similar nutritional challenges.
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Sharma, Harshita, Naleeni Ramawat, and Charu Gupta. "Nutritive content of lentil." Journal of Nutritional Health & Food Engineering 12, no. 1 (February 18, 2022): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/jnhfe.2022.12.00351.

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Lentil (Lens culinaris) is a very important nutritious crop, grown, consumed throughout the world due to its high macro and micronutrients contents, including all the minerals. The nutritive components of lentil have several beneficial influences on human health. The current review aims to highlight the present knowledge on the mineral, amino acid, lipids, vitamins and carbohydrate composition of lentils. Thereby, a literature search was conducted using reliable sources: Elsevier, Research gate, Springer, etc to understand the overall nutritive status of lentils. The proximate composition of lentils is similar when compared with other legumes but the seed contains low concentrations of fat, fiber. Lentils supply a reasonably balanced range of all minerals. Lentils contain a number of anti-nutritive factors and these may be controlled either by processing or possibly by plant breeding programs. Anti-nutritive factors are less important In human diets because of cooking and processing which normally occur prior to eating, Lentils have a potential as a protein concentrate and could be processed to produce many products similar to those produced from soya beans. Lentils should be used for a variety of purposes, mainly towards eliminating malnutrition, on the condition of being well-balanced. Lentils should be incorporated either in snacks or while preparing household, school, or hospital meals, particularly in developing countries.
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Yunus, Fakir, Chowdhury Jalal, Anupom Das, Kaosar Afsana, Rajib Podder, Albert Vandenberg, and Diane DellaValle. "The Efficacy of Consuming Iron-Fortified Lentils on Body Iron (Fe) Status in Bangladeshi Adolescent Girls: A Sustainable, Food-Based Solution to Iron Deficiency." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab045_082.

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Abstract Objectives Iron deficiency (ID) and iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) remain a public health concern among women and girls globally, and have numerous impacts on health, nutrition and socioeconomic status. Our objective was to investigate the efficacy of consuming iron-fortified lentils on iron status among rural Bangladeshi adolescent girls. Methods In this community-based, double-blind, cluster-randomized controlled trial, girls (13.5 ± 2.0 years) were randomly assigned to three groups that received 1)cooked iron-fortified lentils (160 ppm Fe NaFeEDTA per kg of lentils); 2)cooked non-iron-fortified lentils; or 3)no lentils (usual intake group). We served 200 g of cooked lentils using a local daal recipe on five days/week, for 4 months. Iron status (sFer, sTfR, and Hgb) was assessed at baseline, 2 and 4 months. All analyses were adjusted for inflammation. Results There were no differences in baseline iron status among the three groups. sFer significantly increased by 21.9% (+5.7 μg/L, p < 0.001; 95% CI: 1.7, 9.5 μg/L) from baseline to 4 months in the iron-fortified lentil group, compared to a decline in sFer observed in the non-iron fortified lentil (53.3 vs. 38.6 μg/L, p < 0.01) and no lentil groups (53.6 vs. 39.5 μg/L, p < 0.01). Examining overall changes in iron status over 4 months, we observed maintenance in the iron-fortified group from baseline, compared to a decline in the other groups. Conclusions We observed improvement in and maintenance of iron status in a population vulnerable to ID and IDA who consumed iron-fortified lentils for 4 months. Additionally, girls who consumed iron-fortified lentils had a 60% lower chance of developing clinical and subclinical ID (sFer < 15, 15–30 μg/L), and a 70% lower chance of developing sub-clinical IDA (sFer 15–30 μg/L + Hgb < 12 g/dL) compared to those who did not. Funding Sources Global Institute for Food Security.
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Zagoruyko, M. G., M. Ye Chaplygin, and S. A. Davydova. "Diversification of lentil production." E3S Web of Conferences 193 (2020): 01022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019301022.

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Production and processing of lentil as a valuable leguminous crop with a high content of beneficial nutrients (fiber, protein, minerals and vitamins), a low glycemic index, and a low-calorie content (295 kcal per 100 grams of raw lentils) has great potential for domestic economy. The world market of lentil is analyzed, prospects for increasing the level of its use in domestic markets are identified. An evaluation of the crop processing by an extrusion method is given. The statistical data of the Federal State Statistics Service, the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia, information materials of Russian and foreign research organizations and companies are studied. The methods of complex structural-dynamic analysis and the expert-analytical method of data processing are used. It is found that lentils contain the largest amount of protein among the rest of the plants, which is a source of essential amino acids (isoleucine and lysine), and that the use of this crop in feed production along with soya bin is promising and appropriate. Based on the analysis of gross yields of lentil in federal districts of Russia in 2010-2019 and export supplies of the crop revealed that the domestic lentil export market expanded 6.1 times, but the country’s lentil consumption decreased 1.18 times. Thus, in the current economic conditions, the issue of finding the use of lentils as a raw export product and expanding the potential for using lentils in the domestic market is relevant. It is proposed to expand the possibilities of using lentils by extruding it, which will allow to have high quality products with good biological value and consumer properties on the domestic market.
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Żuchowski, Jerzy, Agata Rolnik, Weronika Adach, Anna Stochmal, and Beata Olas. "Modulation of Oxidative Stress and Hemostasis by Flavonoids from Lentil Aerial Parts." Molecules 26, no. 2 (January 18, 2021): 497. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26020497.

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While specific metabolites of lentil (Lens culinaris L.) seeds and their biological activity have been well described, other organs of this plant have attracted little scientific attention. In recent years, green parts of lentils have been shown to contain diverse acylated flavonoids. This work presents the results of the research on the effect of the crude extract, the phenolic fraction, and seven flavonoids obtained from aerial parts of lentils on oxidative damage induced by H2O2/Fe to lipid and protein constituents of human plasma. Another goal was to determine their effect on hemostasis parameters of human plasma in vitro. Most of the purified lentil flavonoids had antioxidant and anticoagulant properties. The crude extract and the phenolic fraction of lentil aerial parts showed antioxidant activity, only at the highest tested concentration (50 μg/mL). Our results indicate that aerial parts of lentils may be recommended as a source of bioactive substances.
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CASTELL, A. G., and R. L. CLIPLEF. "ETHIONINE SUPPLEMENTATION OF BARLEY DIETS CONTAINING LENTILS (Lens culinaris) OR SOYBEAN MEAL: LIVE PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS RESPONSES BY GILTS FED AD LIBITUM." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 70, no. 1 (March 1, 1990): 329–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas90-041.

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Barley-based diets, containing 13.3% soybean meal or 40.0% lentils, were fed over the period from 25 to 90 + kg liveweight. Supplementation with 0.1% DL-methionine improved performance and carcass characteristics of lentil-fed pigs to the level of those receiving soybean meal diets. Key words: Pig, barley, lentils, methionine, carcass
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Rochfort, Simone, Simone Vassiliadis, Pankaj Maharjan, Jason Brand, and Joe Panozzo. "NMR Based Metabolomic Analysis of Health Promoting Phytochemicals in Lentils." Metabolites 9, no. 8 (August 13, 2019): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo9080168.

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Lentils are a high-protein plant food and a valuable source of human nutrition, particularly in the Indian subcontinent. However, beyond sustenance, there is evidence that the consumption of lentils (and legumes in general) is associated with decreased risk of diseases, such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Lentils contain health-promoting phytochemicals, such as trigonelline and various polyphenolics. Fourteen lentil genotypes were grown at three locations to explore the variation in phytochemical composition in hulls and cotyledons. Significant differences were measured between genotypes and environments, with some genotypes more affected by environment than others. However, there was a strong genetic effect which indicated that future breeding programs could breed for lentils that product more of these health-promoting phytochemicals.
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Benayad, Asmaa, and Youssef Aboussaleh. "Mineral Composition of Lentils: Physiological Functions, Antinutritional Effects, and Bioavailability Enhancement." Journal of Food Quality 2021 (May 24, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5515654.

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Lentil (Lens culinaris) is an important nutritious crop, grown and consumed throughout the world due to its high macro- and micronutrients contents, including minerals. Minerals have several beneficial influences on human health. Thus, lentils play a major role in food security, particularly among low-income countries. The current review aims to highlight the present knowledge on the mineral composition of lentils, compare it with the recommended dietary allowance and adequate intake of minerals, investigate the literature regarding its physiological role, give detailed information on different antinutritional factors preventing its bioavailability, and present adopted solutions to enhance the bioavailability of minerals in lentil seeds. Thereby, a literature search was conducted using reliable sources: Elsevier, Springer, PubMed, and CrossRef. Based on the previous studies, 100 g of cooked lentils, for example, may be enough to cover the recommended dietary allowance/adequate intake of iron in infants under six months and children aged one to three years. One hundred grams of cooked lentils may also cover the recommended dietary allowance/adequate intake of zinc and magnesium in infants and children aged one to three years. Hence, it is imperative that the scientists continue to show the significance of pulses as a mineral source and their effects on human health. Indeed, lentils should be exploited for a variety of purposes, mainly towards eliminating malnutrition, on the condition of being well-balanced. Lentils should be incorporated either in snacks or while preparing household, school, or hospital meals, particularly in developing countries.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Lentils"

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Saha, Gopesh Chandra. "Mapping of foliar disease resistance genes and genes for agro-morphological traits in Lens culinaris Medik." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2009. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Fall2009/g_saha_112409.pdf.

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Koul, Anju L. "Developmental aspects of phenolic compounds in lentils." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/22412.

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Hanson, Matthew G. "The effect of lentils (Lens culinaris) on hypertension and hypertension–associated vascular remodeling in the spontaneously hypertensive rat." Cambridge University Press, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/22140.

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Consumption of pulse crops has been linked to improvements in blood vessel function, but which pulse variety/type is better and how they work remains unknown. Two distinct studies were conducted to address these questions. In study 1, spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were fed control diet, or diets containing 30% (w/w) beans, peas, lentils, chickpeas, or mixed pulses. Normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats were fed the control diet. The lentil–containing diet significantly attenuated the rise in BP (+8 and +31 mmHg, vs. control) and reduced large artery remodeling compared to control. In study 2, SHR were fed control, mixed lentil, green lentil, or red lentil diets for 8 weeks. WKY were fed control or mixed lentil diets. Green lentils decreased arterial remodeling and improved arterial compliance in the SHR. A diet high in green lentils could be a valuable adjunct to allopathic medicine to mitigate effects of hypertension on the vasculature.
October 2013
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Potts, Leah K. "Of lentils and llamas and other stories from the Palouse." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1997. http://www.tren.com.

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Sheung-kei, Winnie S. "Cooking quality: physical and biochemical properties of lentils (Lens culinaris)." Thesis, Curtin University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/2528.

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Lentils, one of the cool-season pulses, are consumed as a staple food in most developing countries. The demand for pulses in western societies is increasing because of its valuable nutritional quality and an increased awareness of health issues. Australia has a good reputation for producing clean low moisture legume products and could increase as market share of lentil production by identifying, developing and promoting good quality varieties.Lentils which are graded as good quality varieties must have a short and uniform cooking time, without 'hard to cook' seed, have the hull stay attached to the seed during cooking, and have a final acceptable taste, texture, flavour and appearance after cooking (Bhatty 1990). Cooking quality in this study is defined as the maximum force (N) that is required to compress the whole seed cooked product after cooking for a standard period of time. This study aims to develop an objective measurement to determine the cooking quality of lentils and thereby evaluates the relationships between lentil cooking quality and some of its physical and biochemical properties. Four cultivars used (Cassab, Digger, ILL 7180 and Matilda) were grown during 1999 at Mullewa and Pingaring, Western Australia. The relationship between the cooking quality of lentil and water absorption, seed size, seed coat thickness, phytic acid, mineral composition and initial moisture content was investigated.Texture measurement was carried out using the TA.XT2i meter as an alternative to the subjective method "Cooking time test". By comparing the cooking time determined by 'Cooking time test, 220 N was established and suggested as an optimal peak compression force to determine the adequate cooking time for lentils. Both methods showed that 35 minutes cooking time was adequate for red lentils (Cassab, Digger, and ILL 7180), and 45 minutes for green lentils (Matilda).Cooking significantly reduced the hardness of the seeds (R= - 0.752 to - 0.89) and promoted mineral leaching (P < 0.05). The interaction between environment and genotype had a significant effect on seed size, seed coat thickness, mineral composition (Phytic acid, Ne, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+ M+, Fe2+ and CU2+) and hardness (P< 0.05). Seed coat thickness did not correlated with this rate of water uptake and cooking quality. Growing environments had a greater influence on the cooking quality than genotypes. Lentils grown at Pingaring are generally had a higher in Phyti acid content, better mineral retention and were harder in texture than those grown at Mullewa.The results of this study implicated that the peak compression force (220 N) was identified as an indicator to determine the cooking time of lentil cultivars. Texture Profile Analysis (TPA) is a useful method to evaluate various texture characteristics (hardness, cohesiveness, chewiness, springiness, gumminess and adhesiveness) of lentil cultivars. Cooking quality of lentil is significantly affected by the effect of varieties and growing locations. However, not the various biochemical compositions (phytic acid and minerals) and the thickness of seed coat have no significant effect on the cooking quality of lentil.
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Sheung-kei, Winnie S. "Cooking quality: physical and biochemical properties of lentils (Lens culinaris)." Curtin University of Technology, School of Public Health, 2000. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=10354.

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Lentils, one of the cool-season pulses, are consumed as a staple food in most developing countries. The demand for pulses in western societies is increasing because of its valuable nutritional quality and an increased awareness of health issues. Australia has a good reputation for producing clean low moisture legume products and could increase as market share of lentil production by identifying, developing and promoting good quality varieties.Lentils which are graded as good quality varieties must have a short and uniform cooking time, without 'hard to cook' seed, have the hull stay attached to the seed during cooking, and have a final acceptable taste, texture, flavour and appearance after cooking (Bhatty 1990). Cooking quality in this study is defined as the maximum force (N) that is required to compress the whole seed cooked product after cooking for a standard period of time. This study aims to develop an objective measurement to determine the cooking quality of lentils and thereby evaluates the relationships between lentil cooking quality and some of its physical and biochemical properties. Four cultivars used (Cassab, Digger, ILL 7180 and Matilda) were grown during 1999 at Mullewa and Pingaring, Western Australia. The relationship between the cooking quality of lentil and water absorption, seed size, seed coat thickness, phytic acid, mineral composition and initial moisture content was investigated.Texture measurement was carried out using the TA.XT2i meter as an alternative to the subjective method "Cooking time test". By comparing the cooking time determined by 'Cooking time test, 220 N was established and suggested as an optimal peak compression force to determine the adequate cooking time for lentils. Both methods showed that 35 minutes cooking time was adequate for red lentils (Cassab, Digger, and ILL 7180), and 45 minutes for green lentils ++
(Matilda).Cooking significantly reduced the hardness of the seeds (R= - 0.752 to - 0.89) and promoted mineral leaching (P < 0.05). The interaction between environment and genotype had a significant effect on seed size, seed coat thickness, mineral composition (Phytic acid, Ne, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+ M+, Fe2+ and CU2+) and hardness (P< 0.05). Seed coat thickness did not correlated with this rate of water uptake and cooking quality. Growing environments had a greater influence on the cooking quality than genotypes. Lentils grown at Pingaring are generally had a higher in Phyti acid content, better mineral retention and were harder in texture than those grown at Mullewa.The results of this study implicated that the peak compression force (220 N) was identified as an indicator to determine the cooking time of lentil cultivars. Texture Profile Analysis (TPA) is a useful method to evaluate various texture characteristics (hardness, cohesiveness, chewiness, springiness, gumminess and adhesiveness) of lentil cultivars. Cooking quality of lentil is significantly affected by the effect of varieties and growing locations. However, not the various biochemical compositions (phytic acid and minerals) and the thickness of seed coat have no significant effect on the cooking quality of lentil.
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Rabah, Nasser Rima. "Physiological aspects of the response to elevated CO₂ in lentils (Lens culinaris Medic)." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/253.

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This study examined the effects of elevated CO2 and its interaction with drought and nitrogen fertilizer on the growth, production and nodulation of the leguminous crop lentil (Lens culinaris Medic) cultivars ILL7979 and ILL6994 (Idlib 3). Plants were grown under ambient and elevated CO2 at full and limited irrigation conditions in both open top chambers, which were later proven to be unreliable because of CO2 leakage, and tightly sealed and ventilated chambers which were reliable. Destructive harvests at anthesis and at maturity were conducted and results from sealed chambers at maturity showed that above ground dry weight was increased by an average of 12% under elevated CO2, but this increase was not statistically significant.
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Ruiz, Raquel Gema. "A study of saponins in legumes of importance to both human and animal nutrition." Thesis, Open University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307783.

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Rashid, Md Harun-or [Verfasser], and Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Wink. "Genetic diversity of rhizobia nodulating lentils (Lens culinaris Medik.) / Md. Harun-or Rashid ; Betreuer: Michael Wink." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2013. http://d-nb.info/117724926X/34.

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Dürr, Julia. "Folate, choline, betaine, resistant starch & dietary fiber in Swedish lentils : Effect of cultivar and growing conditions." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för kemi och biomedicin (KOB), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-96847.

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Background: One key component in the development of sustainable farming and foodstuffs is to increase the cultivation of legumes, due to their environmental and health benefits. Legumes contain several essential vitamins and minerals, protein and fiber, but cultivation can be problematic due to their weak stem strength which results in loss of crops as a result of crop lodging and susceptibility to weed invasion. One possible solution is co-cultivation with cereal crops such as oats as they provide support and outcompete weed growth, however, it is still unknown if co-cultivation will affect the nutrient content of lentils. Aim: The thesis has two aims: first, to compare choline, betaine, folate, resistant starch and dietary fiber content in two different types of lentils: Gotland lentils and Anicia lentils; and second to examine if cocultivation with oats will affect the nutrient content of the two lentil types. Methods: Betaine and choline were analyzed through high pressure liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) and folate through high pressure liquid chromatography with fluorometric/UV detection (HPLC-FL/UV). Resistant starch, non-resistant starch and dietary fiber were analyzed according to enzymatic assay kits by Megazyme. Results: Significant differences in nutrient content between Anicia and Gotland lentils were seen regarding resistant starch content, with Gotland showing a 50 % higher content. A significantly greater choline content was found in Anicia lentil samples that were co-cultivated with oats, showing approx. a 15 % higher choline content. Gotland lentils co-cultivated with oats showed a significantly greater choline, resistant starch and dietary fiber content by 15 %, 70 % and 10 %, respectively. Conclusions: There was no reported significant difference in choline, betaine, folate and dietary fiber content, but in resistant starch between the two lentil types, with Gotland lentil showing a higher resistant starch content. There appeared to be a positive effect of co-cultivation with oats since a significantly higher choline content in both lentil types co-cultivated with oats and a significant increase resistant starch and dietary fiber in Gotland lentils co-cultivated with oats was reported. This suggests that cocultivation can lead to an increase in nutritional content for some nutrients in Gotland and Anicia lentils. The dietary fiber analysis confirmed that legumes are a great source of fiber by one portion providing approx. half the recommended daily amount. Cultivation and consumption of lentils can give both environmental and health benefits. Further studies are needed to explore other pulses and effect on other nutrients.
Svenska ekologiska linser
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Books on the topic "Lentils"

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Hoffmann, Thomas R. Red lentils: International production & trade. [ ]: Cooperative Extenson, Washington State University, 1992.

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Morrison, Kenneth J. Brewer lentils. Pullman, [Wash.]: Cooperative Extension, College of Agriculture & Home Economics, Washington State University, 1986.

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Rojo, Antonio Benítez, and Antonio Benítez Rojo. Sea of lentils. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1990.

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Shalaby, El-Sayed Mahmoud M. Improving production and quality of lentils in Upper Egypt: Annual report of project no. 81001. Giza, Cairo, Egypt: Supreme Council of Universities, Foreign Relations, Co-ordination Unit, 1985.

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W, Erskine, Saxena M. C, and International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas., eds. Lentil in South Asia: Proceedings of the Seminar on Lentil in South Asia, 11-15 March 1991, NewDelhi, India. Aleppo: International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, 1993.

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S, Negi K., and National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (India), eds. Catalogue on lentil (Lens culinaris Medic.) germplasm. Nainital: National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, 1996.

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"Lentils for Everyone" Symposium (1988 Marmaris, Turkey). "Herkes İçin Mercimek" Sempozyumu: 29-30 Eylül 1988, Marmaris = "Lentils for Everyone" Symposium : September 29th-30th, 1988, Marmaris, Turkey. [Ankara]: Toprak Mahsulleri Ofisi, 1989.

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William, Erskine, ed. The lentil: Botany, production and uses. Cambridge, MA: CABI, 2009.

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Ken, Casavant, ed. An investigation of the impacts of changes in transportation and marketing on the dry pea and lentil industry. [Pullman, Wash.]: Agriculture Research Center, College of Agriculture and Home Economics, Washington State University, 1986.

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Workshop on "Towards Improved Winter-Sown Lentil Production for the West Asian and North African Highlands" (1994 Antalya, Turkey). Autumn-sowing of lentil in the highlands of West Asia and North Africa: Proceedings of the Workshop on "Towards Improved Winter-Sown Lentil Production for the West Asian and North African Highlands," 12-13 December, 1994, Antalya,Turkey. Edited by Keatinge J. D. H, Küsemenoglu I, and Turkey. Tarım ve Köyişleri Bakanlığı. Ulus, Ankara,Turkey: Central Research Institute for Field Crops, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Lentils"

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Chelladurai, V., and C. Erkinbaev. "Lentils." In Pulses, 129–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41376-7_8.

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Ferguson, Morag, and William Erskine. "Lentils (Lens L.)." In Plant Genetic Resources of Legumes in the Mediterranean, 125–33. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9823-1_7.

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Gupta, Dorin, Rama Harinath Reddy Dadu, Prabhakaran Sambasivam, Ido Bar, Mohar Singh, Navya beera, and Sajitha Biju. "Toward Climate-Resilient Lentils: Challenges and Opportunities." In Genomic Designing of Climate-Smart Pulse Crops, 165–234. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96932-9_4.

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Olagunju, Aderonke Ibidunni, and Olufunmilayo Sade Omoba. "Processing, Nutritional Composition, and Health Benefits of Lentils." In Handbook of Cereals, Pulses, Roots, and Tubers, 319–32. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003155508-21.

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Padhy, Asish Kumar, Baljinder Singh, and Sabhyata Bhatia. "Understanding Fungal Diseases and Their Mitigation in Lentils." In Diseases in Legume Crops, 257–81. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-3358-7_11.

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Ramdath, D. Dan, and Rong Tsao. "Bioactives and Health Benefits of Lentils (Lens culinaris L.)." In Cereals and Pulses, 217–28. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118229415.ch15.

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Sen Gupta, Debjyoti, Jitendra Kumar, Surendra Barpate, A. K. Parihar, Anup Chandra, Anirban Roy, and Ivica Djalovic. "Lentils (Lens culinaris Medik): Nutritional Profile and Biofortification Prospects." In Compendium of Crop Genome Designing for Nutraceuticals, 719–45. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4169-6_27.

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Haddad, Moawiya A., Mohammed I. Yamani, Saeid M. Abu-Romman, and Maher Obeidat. "Rice and Lentils in Jordan. Chemical Profiles of Mujaddara." In SpringerBriefs in Molecular Science, 35–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79820-8_3.

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Sen Gupta, Debjyoti, Jitendra Kumar, Surendra Barpate, A. K. Parihar, Anup Chandra, Anirban Roy, and Ivica Djalovic. "Lentils (Lens culinaris Medik): Nutritional Profile and Biofortification Prospects." In Compendium of Crop Genome Designing for Nutraceuticals, 1–27. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3627-2_27-1.

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Ford, Rebecca, David Tan, Niloofar Vaghefi, and Barkat Mustafa. "Abscisic Acid Activates Pathogenesis-Related Defense Gene Signaling in Lentils." In Mechanism of Plant Hormone Signaling under Stress, 243–70. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118889022.ch10.

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Conference papers on the topic "Lentils"

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Hang, Jiayi, Da Shi, James House, and Jason Neufeld. "Prediction of protein and amino acid contents in whole and ground lentils using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/pqtj3002.

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Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik) is an important source of plant-based protein, and the protein and amino acid contents have a significant influence on its nutritional value and use. This study developed near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) calibration models to predict the protein and 18 amino acid contents of lentil seeds. The effects of sample status (whole and ground), type of spectrometer (DA 7250 and FT 9700), and amino acid/protein correlation on model performance were analyzed and evaluated. In total, 361 lentil samples grown in Saskatchewan, Canada, were selected as a calibration set. These samples were scanned by spectrometers and analyzed by reference wet chemistry methods to obtain spectral data and reference data, respectively. NIRS models developed by partial least squares (PLS) equation had a satisfactory performance for measuring protein and most amino acids (except for histidine, tyrosine, methionine, and cysteine) in lentils with high coefficients of determination for calibration (R2C = 0.652–0.927) and residual predictive deviation (RPD = 1.570 – 3.101). NIRS models from DA 7250 achieved similar accuracy for the determination of crude protein and amino acids in whole and ground lentils. DA 7250 models had a slightly better predictive ability with higher coefficients of determination for cross-validation (R2CV) and RPD values than FT 9700 models for all compositions except histidine. However, the predicted data of the two spectrometers did not differ significantly (p > 0.05) for every composition. For amino acids highly correlated to crude protein, NIRS generally predicted them with higher accuracy. Overall, NIRS combined with PLS regression yielded significant potential for rapid and simultaneous prediction of protein and most amino acid contents in lentils with satisfactory accuracy, and these models were usable for research purposes or sample screening.
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Mukhtarhanova, R. B., A. I. Matibayeva, B. S. Dzhetpisbaeva, S. A. Abzhanova, and N. K. Abilmazhinova. "CREATING THE TECHNOLOGY OF MILK DELIVERY FROM EXTRAORDINARY MILK ADDITIONAL SUPPLEMENTS." In STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF AGRIBUSINESS Volume 2. DSTU-Print, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/interagro.2020.2.598-601.

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The data demonstrate the relevance of research on the production of lactic acid by adding lentils as cereals and leguminous raw materials to goat milk. The physicochemical and technological properties of goat milk used as the main raw material for the production of lactic acid, and ways of adding lentils as milkand-vegetable raw materials to dairy products were studied.
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Dyachenko, A., and T. Savostina. "EFFECT OF PARAMETERS OF MOWER ON CLEANING LENTILS." In INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN SCIENCE AND EDUCATION. DGTU-PRINT, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/itno.2018.1.138-141.

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Taheri, Saeedeh, Graham Ian Brodie, and Dorin Gupta. "EFFECTIVENESS OF A MICROWAVE FLUIDISED BED DRYER IN ERADICATION OF SEED-BORNE BOTRYTIS GREY MOLD OF LENTILS." In Ampere 2019. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ampere2019.2019.9635.

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Lentil is one of the important pulse crops in the world with a high proportion of easily digestible protein. However, there are several pests and pathogens which cause losses during crop growth, harvesting and post-harvest storage. Microwave processing has shown great potential to eradicate pests and pathogens from grains; however, there is still concerns about its heat uniformity, which is of crucial importance in pest and pathogen control. Fluidization using forced hot air is one of the potential solutions for having uniform temperature during microwave processing. In this study, a single mode microwave cavity, with a 2.45 GHz microwave source, was modified to have a microwave fluidized bed and used to evaluate its potential to eliminate the Botrytis grey mold (BGM) pathogen, which is one of the important seed-borne pathogens of lentil crops in Australia. Air speed was maintained to be constant during the experiment and was just enough to fluidize 100g of red lentils in the sample holder. Two wet based (w.b.) seed moisture contents (m.c.) of 10.5% and 18.5% were prepared and the process parameters were selected as: air temperature at 50 and 60°C; microwave power at 0, 300, 400 W for 18.5% m.c. and 0, 400, 500 W for 10.5% m.c.; and exposure times of 5 and 10 min. These parameters were chosen to reach the final temperature of below 70°C. The effect of process parameters on seed moisture loss, seed germination, electrical conductivity of seed soaking water and percentage of infected seeds (IS%) were analyzed using general factorial regression and analysis of variance. The results showed that the most effective factors on moisture loss, after seed moisture content, was exposure time, followed by microwave power and air temperature. While final bed temperature was affected mostly by air temperature, and then by microwave power. Furthermore, based on general full factorial regression and pareto chart of standardized effects, moisture content had by far the most influence on the reduction of IS%. Seed pathogen inoculum reduction, without significant seed viability loss, was obtained by applying microwave power of 300W and set air temperature of 60°C (actual inlet air temperature of 57±1°C) on seeds with m.c. of 18.5% for 10 min. This gave a 27% reduction in IS% (from 82% to 55%).
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Satyanarayan R.S Dev, Yvan Gariepy, Vijaya G.S Raghavan, Valerie Orsat, and Satya Prakash. "Effect of Thermal Processes on the Anti-Nutritional Factors of Red Lentils." In 2010 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, June 20 - June 23, 2010. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.29837.

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TatahMentan, Mom, Syprose Nyachoti, Frederick Okwori, and Tewodros Godebo. "TOXIC ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION OF RICE AND LENTILS CONSUMED IN THE UNITED STATES." In GSA Connects 2021 in Portland, Oregon. Geological Society of America, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2021am-370566.

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Shammout, Maisa'a W., and Hana Zakaria. "Wild water lentils plant (Duckweed,Lemnasp.) in nutrients removal of Jordan's irrigation ponds." In 2013 International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Engineering. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/icbeee130671.

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Dagmara Head, Daniella Alejo-Lucas, Heng Liu, Stefan Cenkowski, and Susan Arntfield. "Effects of Storage Temperature, Time, and Pre-Treatments on Dehulling Quality of Red Lentils." In ASABE/CSBE North Central Intersectional Meeting. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.29152.

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"Effect of microwave-vacuum drying of germinated lentils on antioxidant activity and potential glycaemic index." In 2015 ASABE International Meeting. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aim.20152179900.

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Dee, Derek, Fan Bu, Lanfang Shi, and Sara Zamani. "Comparing the structure and functionality of amyloid fibrils assembled from peanut, pea, lentil, and mung bean proteins." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/kkyn7687.

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Protein structure dictates functionality, and one way to dramatically alter protein structure is to induce proteins to self-assemble into amyloid fibrils. Amyloid fibrils, or nanofibrils, are long (100–1000’s nm), narrow (10’s nm), highly-organized protein aggregates that hold promise for various applications in biotechnology and food. Converting plant proteins into fibrils may improve their functionality and create sustainable materials, yet most nanofibril research has focused on animal-derived proteins, so there is a need to learn more about fibrils derived from plant proteins. This project compared fibrils assembled from crude protein extracts from peanut, pea, lentils and mung bean, comparing their fibril assembly kinetics, fibril structure, emulsification and viscosity properties. Peanut and mung bean fibrils assembled much faster (kPeanut = 0.90 ± 0.40 h-1, kMungbean = 0.95 ± 0.40 h-1) compared to pea and lentil fibrils (kPea = 0.19 ± 0.03 h-1, kLentil = 0.24 ± 0.01 h-1), at 80 °C, pH 2 with stirring. Fibrils from the different legume proteins displayed markedly different structures that could be generally classified as either long and straight (1000’s nm) or short and curly (100’s nm). The former are more similar to fibrils typically generated from animal proteins (e.g., whey, egg white proteins) while the latter are typical of legume protein fibrils presented in the literature. The longer/straighter or shorter/curly fibrils displayed unique functionalities (emulsion particle size and viscosity profiles) that did not directly correlate with fibril morphology, although several confounding factors limit the establishment of direct structure-function associations. This work indicates several approaches to optimize the assembly of legume protein fibrils that may find use in new plant-based materials and foods.
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Reports on the topic "Lentils"

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TERENTIEV, S., O. GRUNINA, and L. PONOMAREVA. FEATURES OF THE PRODUCTION OF DOUGH SEMI-FINISHED PRODUCT PRODUCED USING LENTIL FLOUR. Science and Innovation Center Publishing House, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2070-7568-2022-11-2-4-15-22.

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Bread consumption has a stable increase in the territory of Russia and in particular in the Ulyanovsk and Samara regions. Bread, as a fairly low-priced product, is in high demand among consumers, but this product is not biologically saturated with useful substances, therefore, in modern production, a number of techniques are used to increase the nutritional and biological value of these types of products. In our work, one of these methods will be considered - the introduction of lentil flour into dough preparations. The problem is that the state policy regarding import substitution, aimed at replacing food additives produced abroad, necessitates the use of food additives or raw materials of natural origin produced in the territory of the Russian Federation, and the lack of development of regulatory and technological documentation in this direction is a significant problem for public enterprises. nutrition. Purpose - to carry out the development of a recipe for a test semi-finished product produced with the addition of lentil flour, as a product with a preventive purpose Results: based on the results of the study, a recipe for a test semi-finished product was developed, produced with the addition of lentil flour, as a product with a preventive purpose.
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Weeden, Norman F., Gideon Ladizinsky, and Frederick J. Muehlbauer. Establishment of a Gene Linkage Map in Lentil and Chickpea Using Isozyme and DNA Markers. United States Department of Agriculture, January 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1987.7566853.bard.

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Faucher, B., A. M. LeBlanc, N. Utting, and M. Blade. Assessment of physicochemical properties in lentic surface water bodies of the Rankin Inlet area (Nunavut) for sublacustrine open talik detection. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/330212.

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Yeomans, Liz, and Fabiana Gondim-Mariutti. Different Lenses: Women's Feminist and Postfeminist Perspectives in Public Relations / Diferentes Lentes sobre Perspectivas Feministas e Pós-feministas das Mulheres em Relações Públicas. Revista Internacional de Relaciones Públicas, December 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5783/rirp-12-2016-06-85-106.

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Yaron, Zvi, Abigail Elizur, Martin Schreibman, and Yonathan Zohar. Advancing Puberty in the Black Carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) and the Striped Bass (Morone saxatilis). United States Department of Agriculture, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7695841.bard.

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Both the genes and cDNA sequences encoding the b-subunits of black carp LH and FSH were isolated, cloned and sequenced. Sequence analysis of the bcFSHb and LHb5'flanking regions revealed that the promoter region of both genes contains canonical TATA sequences, 30 bp and 17 bp upstream of the transcription start site of FSHb and LHb genes, respectively. In addition, they include several sequences of cis-acting motifs, required for inducible and tissue-specific transcriptional regulation: the gonadotropin-specific element (GSE), GnRH responsive element (GRE), half sites of estrogen and androgen response elements, cAMP response element, and AP1. Several methods have been employed by the Israeli team to purify the recombinant b subunits (EtOH precipitation, gel filtration and lentil lectin). While the final objective to produce pure recombinantGtH subunits has not yet been achieved, we have covered much ground towards this goal. The black carp ovary showed a gradual increase in both mass and oocyte diameter. First postvitellogenic oocytes were found in 5 yr old fish. At this age, the testes already contained spermatozoa. The circulating LH levels increased from 0.5 ng/ml in 4 yr old fish to >5ng/ml in 5 yr old fish. In vivo challenge experiments in black carp showed the initial LH response of the pituitary to GnRH in 4 yr old fish. The response was further augmented in 5 yr old fish. The increase in estradiol level in response to gonadotropic stimulation was first noted in 4 yr old fish but this response was much stronger in the following year. In vivo experiments on the FSHb and LHb mRNA levels in response to GnRH were carried out on common carp as a model for synchronom spawning cyprinids. These experiments showed the prevalence of FSHP in maturing fish while LHP mRNA was prevalent in mature fish, especially in females. The gonadal fat-pad was found to originate from the retroperitoneal mesoderm and not from the genital ridge, thus differing from that reported in certain amphibians This tissue possibly serves as the major source of sex steroids in the immature black carp. However, such a function is taken over by the developing gonads in 4 yr old fish. In the striped bass, we described the ontogeny of the neuro-endocrine parameters along the brain-pituitary-gonadal axis during the first four years of life, throughout gonadal development and the onset of puberty. We also described the responsiveness of the reproductive axis to long-term hormonal manipulations at various stages of gonadal development. Most males reached complete sexual maturity during the first year of life. Puberty was initiated during the third year of life in most females, but this first reproductive cycle did not lead to the acquisition of full sexual maturity. This finding indicates that more than one reproductive cycle may be required before adulthood is reached. Out of the three native GnRHs present in striped bass, only sbGnRH and cGnRH II increased concomitantly with the progress of gonadal development and the onset of puberty. This finding, together with data on GtH synthesis and release, suggests that while sbGnRH and cGnRH II may be involved in the regulation of puberty in striped bass, these neuropeptides are not limiting factors to the onset of puberty. Plasma LH levels remained low in all fish, suggesting that LH plays only a minor role in early gonadal development. This hypothesis was further supported by the finding that experimentally elevated plasma LH levels did not result in the induction of complete ovarian and testicular development. The acquisition of complete puberty in 4 yr old females was associated with a rise in the mRNA levels of all GtH subunit genes, including a 218-fold increase in the mRNA levels of bFSH. mRNA levels of the a and PLH subunits increased only 11- and 8-fold, respectively. Although data on plasma FSH levels are unavailable, the dramatic increase in bFSH mRNA suggests a pivotal role for this hormone in regulating the onset and completion of puberty in striped bass. The hormonal regulation of the onset of puberty and of GtH synthesis and release was studied by chronic administration of testosterone (T) and/or an analog of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (G). Sustained administration of T+G increased the mRNA levels of the PLH subunit to the values characteristic of sexually mature fish, and also increased the plasma levels of LH. However, these changes did not result in the acceleration of sexual maturation. The mRNA levels of the bFSH subunit were slightly stimulated, but remained about 1/10 of the values characteristic of sexually mature fish. It is concluded that the stimulation of FSH gene expression and release does not lead to the acceleration of sexual maturity, and that the failure to sufficiently stimulate the bFSH subunit gene expression may underlie the inability of the treatments to advance sexual maturity. Consequently, FSH is suggested to be the key hormone to the initiation and completion of puberty in striped bass. Future efforts to induce precocious puberty in striped bass should focus on understanding the regulation of FSH synthesis and release and on developing technologies to induce these processes. Definite formulation of hormonal manipulation to advance puberty in the striped bass and the black carp seems to be premature at this stage. However, the project has already yielded a great number of experimental tools of DNA technology, slow-release systems and endocrine information on the process of puberty. These systems and certain protocols have been already utilized successfully to advance maturation in other fish (e.g. grey mullet) and will form a base for further study on fish puberty.
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Method for Determining Water Hydration Capacity and Percentage of Unhydrated Seeds of Pulses. Cereal & Grains Association, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/aaccintmethod-57-12.02.

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This test describes a method to determine the capacity of whole pulse seeds to absorb water and to calculate the percentage of unhydrated seeds. It is applicable to all pulse crops, such as field peas, beans, chickpeas, and lentils. Hydration capacity of pulses is defined as the weight of water that whole seeds absorb after soaking in excess water for 16 hr at room temperature (22 ± 2°C) and is expressed as the weight of water absorbed per 100 g of seeds (i.e., percent; may be more than 100). Some seeds remain entirely or partially unswollen after 16 hr of soaking at room temperature (see Notes 1 and 2). These are defined as unhydrated seeds. The number of unhydrated seeds is expressed as a percentage of the total number of seeds.
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Asegurando los derechos sobre las tierras comunitarias: Prioridades y oportunidades para progresar hacia los objetivos climáticos y de desarrollo sostenible. Rights and Resources Initiative, October 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.53892/vnib5422.

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Contar con unos derechos sobre la tierra y los recursos que sean seguros y estén reconocidos legalmente es fundamental para el avance de la paz, la prosperidad y la sostenibilidad mundial. Desde el desarrollo de las culturas humanas hasta la materialización de la democracia, la seguridad de la tenencia constituye la base de la sociedad humana y de nuestra relación con el entorno natural. En la actualidad, la inseguridad de los derechos de tenencia amenaza el bienestar y los medios de subsistencia de un tercio de la población mundial y, con ello, el futuro de nuestro planeta. Como guardianes históricos de las tierras y los bosques del planeta, los pueblos indígenas, las comunidades locales y las mujeres del medio rural juegan un papel fundamental en la gestión y el uso sostenible de sistemas de recursos naturales de importancia mundial. En efecto, al proteger sus derechos se protege el derecho de todas las personas a vivir en un mundo más justo, próspero y verde. Por desgracia, hasta la fecha los Gobiernos han sido lentos a la hora de reconocer y asegurar los derechos colectivos sobre la tierra y los recursos de las comunidades rurales. Como resultado, a pesar de que los pueblos indígenas y las comunidades locales son los propietarios y administradores consuetudinarios de más del 50 % de las tierras del planeta, legalmente solo poseen un 10 %. A fin de eliminar la pobreza, impedir la proliferación de conflictos sociales y políticos y garantizar el avance hacia unos objetivos globales en materia de clima, conservación y desarrollo, se requiere una actuación urgente que corrija esta injusticia de primer orden. Por suerte, el mundo nunca ha estado en mejores condiciones de cerrar esta brecha.
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Ralentización de la recuperación del empleo y el mercado laboral de jóvenes. Banco de la República, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/rml.19.

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En los primeros meses de 2021 la recuperación que venía registrando el empleo total desde mediados de 2020 se detuvo. Buena parte de este fenómeno habría estado relacionado con las olas de contagio de Covid-19, que involucraron tanto respuestas de autocuidado por parte de los individuos como la implementación de medidas de restricción a la movilidad en varias ciudades para mitigar el contagio. Ambas circunstancias produjeron fuertes caídas mensuales del empleo en enero y en abril. En mayo la prolongación de la tercera ola de contagios y la situación de orden público por la que atravesó el país volvieron a limitar la recuperación del número de ocupados. En medio de este panorama, un hecho favorable lo registró el empleo asalariado y formal que, a diferencia de su contraparte no asalariada e informal, presentó crecimientos sutiles. La expansión en este segmento, que suele ser menos rápida por los mayores costos de contratación, se observa no solo en la encuesta de hogares sino también en los registros administrativos, y está favorecida por un mayor número de vacantes disponibles y tasas de separación en niveles muy bajos. Por ramas de actividad el comportamiento del empleo ha sido heterogéneo, y en la mayoría de los sectores se registran recuperaciones del empleo más lentas que las de la actividad económica, lo que ha implicado, al menos en términos contables, aumentos de la productividad laboral. Por otro lado, la salida de la inactividad se detuvo, por lo que la participación laboral se mantuvo relativamente estable en los últimos meses. Así las cosas, la incipiente recuperación del empleo y la estabilidad de la oferta laboral conllevaron a que las tasas de desempleo (TD) de mayo se ubicaran en niveles similares a lo observado en lo corrido de 2021: 15,2% y 16,5% en el total nacional y las trece ciudades, respectivamente. Al descomponer dichas tasas por grupos poblacionales se observan aún importantes disparidades, en particular en las mujeres y los jóvenes. Además, se registran tendencias ascendentes en el número de desempleados que permanecen varios meses en el desempleo y de los inactivos que transitan al desempleo. Finalmente, por el lado de los ingresos, los del segmento no asalariado urbano, los más golpeados durante la pandemia, se han seguido recuperando, y sus horas trabajadas ya casi se encuentran en los niveles previos a la pandemia. Dado lo anterior, en este reporte se estima que la TD empezará a mostrar reducciones en lo que queda de 2021, aunque moderadas. Se espera que la TD nacional se ubique en promedio en 2021 entre el 13,7% y 15%, con 14,4% como valor central, en cuyo caso cerraría el año alrededor del 13,8%. Las estimaciones de la TD de largo plazo consistente con una inflación estable (Nairu) sugieren una brecha de la TD positiva de alrededor de 2,3 puntos porcentuales (pp) para 2021, por lo que la holgura del mercado laboral continuaría, presionando a la baja la inflación vía costos salariales. Como es usual, este reporte se divide en dos secciones. En la primera se examinan en detalle los principales hechos coyunturales del mercado laboral. En la segunda se estudia la evolución reciente del mercado laboral de los jóvenes, los cuales han sido protagonistas de las manifestaciones registradas en el país durante mayo, y se analizan los efectos que han tenido programas para dinamizar la creación de empleo juvenil implementados en el pasado. En particular, se estiman los efectos de la Ley del Primer Empleo de 2010 y se recopilan los resultados encontrados en la literatura sobre el programa Jóvenes en Acción. Se encuentra que ambas políticas son complementarias y efectivas en reducir el desempleo juvenil, pero conllevan costos fiscales, los cuales requieren estrategias de financiación sostenibles. Adicionalmente, a partir de la estimación realizada, se efectúa una cuantificación aproximada de los efectos de eliminar los impuestos de nómina para los jóvenes. Este ejercicio proporciona un punto de referencia para diagnosticar los posibles efectos que el Decreto 668 de 2021, promulgado recientemente por el Gobierno, y consistente en un subsidio temporal a la nómina de nuevos empleados jóvenes, tendría sobre el desempleo juvenil.
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