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1
Keiser, Ludovic, Hadrien Bense, Cyril Sturtz, Pierre Colinet, Benoît Roman, José Bico, and Étienne Reyssat. "Fragmentation de Marangoni : les gouttes qui s’éclatent." Reflets de la physique, no. 59 (September 2018): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/refdp/201859032.
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Une goutte d'eau déposée à la surface d'un bain d'huile de tournesol forme une lentille liquide flottante. Une goutte d'alcool, au contraire, s'étale à la surface de l'huile. Un mélange d'eau et d'alcool produit un spectaculaire phénomène d'étalement et de fragmentation spontanée. Si la goutte contient suffisamment d'alcool, elle donne naissance en quelques secondes à une myriade de gouttelettes dont la taille dépend fortement de la composition initiale. La combinaison de l'hydrodynamique, du mouillage et de l'évaporation est à l'origine de cette instabilité originale.
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Irakli, Maria, Anastasia Kargiotidou, Evangelia Tigka, Dimitrios Beslemes, Maria Fournomiti, Chrysanthi Pankou, Kostoula Stavroula, Nektaria Tsivelika, and Dimitrios N. Vlachostergios. "Genotypic and Environmental Effect on the Concentration of Phytochemical Contents of Lentil (Lens culinaris L.)." Agronomy 11, no. 6 (June 4, 2021): 1154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11061154.
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The health-promoting effects of lentil seeds due to phenolic compounds and other antioxidants make lentils a potential source of functional food or feed ingredients. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of genotype and growing environment on the phytochemical contents and antioxidant activities such as ABTS (2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) assays of soluble extracts from five lentil cultivars grown in ten diverse locations over a 2-year experimental period. Total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), total proanthocyanidin content (TPAC), total hydrolyzed tannin content (TNC), tocopherols and carotenoids were investigated. The major proanthocyanidins and individual polyphenols were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography. Our results indicated that flavanols were the main phenolic compounds in hydrophilic extracts, followed by phenolic acids. Concerning lipophilic extracts, tocopherols and carotenoids were the main components, with γ-tocopherol and lutein being the predominant isomers, respectively. In general, both genetic and environmental effects had a strong impact on all bioactive components tested. Greater variation due to environmental effects was found for phenolic compounds (TPC, TFC and TPAC) and antioxidant activities; however, tocopherols and carotenoids revealed a high genotypic dependence. The principal component analysis highlighted the genotypes with higher content of antioxidants and stability across environments. The red lentil population “03-24L” was characterized as a promising genetic material due to its high phenolic contents and antioxidant capacity values across environments and is suggested for further investigation. In conclusion, multi-environmental trials are essential for a better understanding of the genotypic and environmental effect on phytochemical profiles of lentils and provide important information for breeding or cultivating lentil varieties of high-bioactive value.
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Martins, Gonçalo Nuno, Angela Daniela Carboni, Ayelén Amelia Hugo, Paula Cristina Castilho, and Andrea Gómez-Zavaglia. "Chickpeas’ and Lentils’ Soaking and Cooking Wastewaters Repurposed for Growing Lactic Acid Bacteria." Foods 12, no. 12 (June 9, 2023): 2324. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12122324.
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Legumes processing involves large amounts of water to remove anti-nutrients, reduce uncomfortable effects, and improve organoleptic characteristics. This procedure generates waste and high levels of environmental pollution. This work aims to evaluate the galacto-oligosaccharide (GOS) and general carbohydrate composition of legume wastewaters and assess their potential for growing lactic acid bacteria. Legume wastewater extracts were produced by soaking and/or cooking the dry seeds of chickpeas and lentils in distilled water and analysed using high-performance liquid chromatography with refractive index detection. GOS were present in all extracts, which was also confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). C-BW extract, produced by cooking chickpeas without soaking, provided the highest extraction yield of 3% (g/100 g dry seeds). Lentil extracts were the richest source of GOS with degree of polymerization ≥ 5 (0.4%). Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CIDCA 83114 was able to grow in de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe (MRS) broth prepared by replacing the glucose naturally present in the medium with chickpeas’ and lentils’ extracts. Bacteria were able to consume the mono and disaccharides present in the media with extracts, as demonstrated by HPLC and FTIR. These results provide support for the revalorisation of chickpeas’ and lentils’ wastewater, being also a sustainable way to purify GOS by removing mono and disaccharides from the mixtures.
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Donatus, Floris, Mohd Dona Bin Sintang, Norliza Julmohammad, Wolyna Pindi, and Noorakmar Ab Wahab. "Physicochemical and Sensory Properties of Bahulu and Chocolate Mousse Developed from Canned Pulse and Vegetable Liquids." Applied Sciences 13, no. 7 (March 31, 2023): 4469. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13074469.
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Egg white is the most commonly used foaming agent in various aerated foods. Malaysia has been experiencing an egg crisis due to lower production and increased egg consumption rates since the COVID-19 restrictions were lifted. Thus, finding an alternative functional ingredient to address the egg shortage is essential. Liquids discarded from commercially plant-based canned foods have the potential to replace eggs in food products as an alternative foaming agent. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the physicochemical and sensory properties of bahulu and chocolate mousse using canned liquids of green peas (pulses N and P), lentils (pulse R), chickpeas (pulse X), button mushrooms (vegetable A), and straw mushrooms (Vegetable D). Canned liquids were incorporated into bahulu and mousse formulations to replace egg whites. The developed bahulu and mousse were baked for 25 min at 180 °C and chilled for 3 hours at 4 °C, respectively. The texture profile of bahulu and the viscosity properties of the chocolate mousse were determined in this study. Furthermore, the research examines the proximate analysis and sensory acceptance of both products. According to the findings, bahulu A, produced from canned vegetable liquids, had the lowest hardness, springiness, and chewiness (p < 0.05) levels. In contrast, canned pulse liquid, which was used in bahulu N, produced comparable hardness, fracturability, adhesiveness, springiness, cohesiveness, and chewiness with the control sample (p > 0.05). Moreover, the viscosity values of mousses A (2238.33 ± 2.89 cP) and D (2778.33 ± 2.89 cP) were lower than the control mousse (8005.00 ± 0.00 cP) (p < 0.05). Bahulu and mousse contain 6.58–6.83% and 1.52–1.90% of protein, respectively. The protein content of canned pulse liquid products was higher than that of canned vegetable liquids (p < 0.05). The lowest taste acceptance was observed in samples Bahulu N and P as well as mousses N and P (p < 0.05). This outcome could be due to the saltiness derived from the canned green pea liquid. The appearance, odor, and overall acceptability of the bahulu and mousse were comparable to the control samples and well-accepted by the panelists (p > 0.05). The findings demonstrate that canned pulse liquids (green peas, lentils, and chickpeas) can potentially mimic egg white in the development of bahulu and chocolate mousse.
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Sarkar, Ankush, Sujay Kumar Paul, Mahua Banerjee, Ganesh Chandra Malik, and Subhajit Barat. "Studies on Carrier and Liquid Based Bio-Fertilizer on Performance of Lentil (Lens esculenta) in Alluvial Soil of West Bengal." Environment and Ecology 41, no. 4C (December 2023): 2879–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.60151/envec/dafy4662.
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Lentil (Lens culinaris) is an important crop of sustainable agriculture system having good nutritional value. Liquid biofertiliser formulations are known to have better result at field level. A field experiment was conducted in the gangetic alluvial soil belt of West Bengal to study the performance of lentil cv WBL 77 (Moitree) at farmer’s field in Krishnaganj block, Nadia, WB in the rabi season 2020-21. The experiment was conducted in randomised block design having ten treatments replicated thrice. Carrier and liquid based formulations of rhizobium and phosphorus solubilising biofertilisers were used. The results revealed that growth and yield parameters responded positively when lentil were grown with different combinations of biofertilizer and inorganic fertilizers. Recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) + liquid based rhizobium and PSB and was found to be better in respect to growth, nodulation and yield attributes. However, was statistically at par with treatment RDF + Carrier based Rhizobium & PSB. Plots where 75% RDF + liquid or carrier based biofertilisers were applied were observed to be at par with treatments where RDF and any one biofertilier were applied. Based on the study, we may infer that liquid biofertiliser formulations can have better effect on lentil growth, nodulation and yield.
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Vandemark, G. J., and L. D. Porter. "First Report of Lentil Root Rot Caused by Aphanomyces euteiches in Idaho." Plant Disease 94, no. 4 (April 2010): 480. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-94-4-0480b.
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In June 2008, lentil plants (Lens culinaris Medik. cv. Crimson) in a field in Kendrick, ID exhibited symptoms including stunting, leaf chlorosis, reddening of abaxial leaf surfaces, root browning, and necrosis. Roots were surface sterilized, plated on water agar, and pure cultures were obtained through hyphal tips. DNA was extracted from mycelia and amplified with PCR primers that produced a 1,332-bp fragment specific for Aphanomyces euteiches Drechs (4). DNA of A. euteiches isolated from pea (Pisum sativum L.) was used as a positive control for PCR. A PCR product of the expected size was amplified from the positive control and also from a single isolate obtained from symptomatic lentils. Mycelial mats of the isolate (No. 823) were incubated overnight in a dilute mineral salt solution (1), a process that routinely produced 350,000 zoospores/ml, which were used to screen 33 advanced lentil breeding lines and three lentil cultivars (Eston, Crimson, and Pardina). Plants were grown in greenhouse flats containing perlite. At the time of planting, all flats were inoculated with a liquid suspension of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viceae. One week after emergence, all seedlings were inoculated with 20,000 or 5,000 zoospores of A. euteiches isolate 823. Plants were scored 14 days after inoculation using a 1 (no discoloration of roots) to 5 (dead seedling) disease severity index (DSI) commonly used to evaluate disease reaction to A. euteiches in pea (3). For each inoculum level, six plants of each lentil genotype were scored for disease reaction and the experiments were repeated once. A pooled analysis of both replications indicated that all entries were at least moderately susceptible to A. euteiches (mean DSI ≥3) at both inoculum levels, and the majority was highly susceptible (DSI ≥4). Oospores ~20 μm in diameter were observed in lentil roots 14 days after inoculation. In addition, five plants each of 73 NPGS PI accessions and four lentil cultivars (Eston, Crimson, Pardina, and Riveland) were inoculated with 250 zoospores per plant and scored for disease reaction. These experiments were repeated twice. Significant differences in DSI were observed among entries. The grand mean DSI of all entries was 3.56. The mean DSI of entries based on a pooled analysis of three replications ranged from 2.67 (Riveland) to 4.0 (PI 472561). All plants for each replication were bulked and dried in an oven, as were five noninoculated plants for each entry, and weighed. The average percent weight of inoculated plants relative to that of noninoculated plants for all 77 entries was 32.7% and the correlation between this percentage and DSI was –0.25 (P = 0.03). The results suggest that resistance to A. euteiches is lacking in the lentil genotypes examined and that plant biomass is reduced by the pathogen. Moussart et al. (2) recently demonstrated that a French pea isolate of A. euteiches caused severe disease among a set of 28 lentil genotypes. We detected A. euteiches in a field in which peas were recently grown and this isolate likely originated from peas. Additional lentil fields in Washington and Idaho will be surveyed for the presence of A. euteiches. Preliminary lentil breeding lines and additional accessions will be screened for tolerance to A. euteiches in the greenhouse and field. References: (1) L. M. Carman et al. Phytopathology 49:535, 1959. (2) A. Moussart et al. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 122:321, 2008. (3) A. Rao et al. Plant Dis. 79:128, 1995. (4) G. J. Vandemark et al. Phytopathology 90:1137, 2000.
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Pathiraje, Darshika, Janelle Carlin, Tanya Der, Janitha P. D. Wanasundara, and Phyllis J. Shand. "Generating Multi-Functional Pulse Ingredients for Processed Meat Products—Scientific Evaluation of Infrared-Treated Lentils." Foods 12, no. 8 (April 20, 2023): 1722. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12081722.
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In the last decade, various foods have been reformulated with plant protein ingredients to enhance plant-based food intake in our diet. Pulses are in the forefront as protein-rich sources to aid in providing sufficient daily protein intake and may be used as binders to reduce meat protein in product formulations. Pulses are seen as clean-label ingredients that bring benefits to meat products beyond protein content. Pulse flours may need pre-treatments because their endogenous bioactive components may not always be beneficial to meat products. Infrared (IR) treatment is a highly energy-efficient and environmentally friendly method of heating foods, creating diversity in plant-based ingredient functionality. This review discusses using IR-heating technology to modify the properties of pulses and their usefulness in comminuted meat products, with a major emphasis on lentils. IR heating enhances liquid-binding and emulsifying properties, inactivates oxidative enzymes, reduces antinutritional factors, and protects antioxidative properties of pulses. Meat products benefit from IR-treated pulse ingredients, showing improvements in product yields, oxidative stability, and nutrient availability while maintaining desired texture. IR-treated lentil-based ingredients, in particular, also enhance the raw color stability of beef burgers. Therefore, developing pulse-enriched meat products will be a viable approach toward the sustainable production of meat products.
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Zhang, S., A. Rousseau, and T. Dufour. "Promoting lentil germination and stem growth by plasma activated tap water, demineralized water and liquid fertilizer." RSC Advances 7, no. 50 (2017): 31244–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra04663d.
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Tap water, demineralized water and liquid fertilizer have been activated using an atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) to investigate their benefits for the germination rate and stem elongation rate of lentils from Puy-en-Velay (France).
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Melo, J. C. S., Antônio Gilson Barbosa de Lima, Wilton Pereira Silva, and W. M. P. Barbosa de Lima. "Heat and Mass Transfer during Drying of Lentil Based on the Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics: A Numerical Study." Defect and Diffusion Forum 365 (July 2015): 285–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.365.285.
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This paper aims to present a mathematical model, based on the thermodynamics of irreversible processes to describe both the heat and mass transfer (liquid and vapor) during the drying of bodies with oblate spheroidal shape. The model was applied to describe drying of lentil grain, considering variables transport coefficients and convective boundary conditions at the surface of the solid. All equations were presented in oblate spheroidal coordinates and numerically solved by using the finite-volume method. Results of the average moisture content, average temperature, liquid flux, vapor flux, and moisture content and temperature distributions inside a lentil kernel during drying process (T=40 oC, RH=50% and v=0.3 m/s) were presented and analyzed.
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Szurman, Peter, Kai Januschowski, Annekatrin Rickmann, Lara-Jil Damm, Karl Thomas Boden, and Natalia Opitz. "Novel liquid bubble dissection technique for DMEK lenticule preparation." Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology 254, no. 9 (May 21, 2016): 1819–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00417-016-3377-z.
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Haque, MA, and MK Khan. "Effects of Phosphatic Biofertilizer with Inorganic and Organic Sources of Phosphorus on Growth and Yield of Lentil." Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources 5, no. 2 (April 29, 2013): 225–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v5i2.14819.
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Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of phosphatic biofertilizer with inorganic or organic sources of P on lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) (var. Binamasur 2), Phosphatic biofertilizer (PB). All the fertilizers and cowdung were applied on the basis of soil test values and Integrated Plant Nutrient System (IPNS). Mixed cultures of two phosphate solubilizing bacteria were used as phosphatic biofertilizer (PB). PB was applied as liquid form with lentil seeds before sowing. Phosphatic biofertilizer with inorganic or organic sources of P influenced the growth and yield attributes and yields of lentil at both the locations. Phosphatic biofertilizer with 50% P from TSP gave the highest seed and stover yields as well as total P uptake by lentil compared to the 100% P from TSP. The results revealed that 50% inorganic or organic sources of P can be saved by the integrated using of phosphatic biofertilizer for the lentil cultivation in Bangladesh.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v5i2.14819 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 5(2): 225-230 2012
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Galgano, Fernanda, Roberta Tolve, Teresa Scarpa, Marisa Carmela Caruso, Luigi Lucini, Biancamaria Senizza, and Nicola Condelli. "Extraction Kinetics of Total Polyphenols, Flavonoids, and Condensed Tannins of Lentil Seed Coat: Comparison of Solvent and Extraction Methods." Foods 10, no. 8 (August 5, 2021): 1810. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10081810.
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The lentil seed coat is a waste by-product still rich in phenolic compounds, specifically condensed tannins. The effect of different solvents, as well as different processes, namely conventional solid–liquid extraction (CSLE) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), on the extraction yield of specific phenolic compound classes was studied. Four empirical two-parameter models were examined to select the one that better fit the experimental data obtained under different operating conditions. Additionally, ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI/QTOF-MS) was employed to profile the phenolic compounds obtained under distinct extraction conditions. In the operative conditions adopted here, the bioactive compounds yield achieved using UAE was lower than that obtained with CSLE. The kinetics of polyphenols, flavonoids, and condensed tannins extraction from the lentil seed coat were successfully fitted to the power-law models, yielding mean values of the root mean square < 5.4%, standard error of estimation < 0.53, and coefficient of determination > 0.8. In addition, the UHPLC-ESI/QTOF-MS of the lentil seed coat extracts allowed the putative recognition of nearly 500 compounds, mainly flavonoids and phenolic acids.
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Hynes, Russell K., Kent A. Craig, Douglas Covert, Robert J. Rennie, and R. Stewart Smith. "Liquid Rhizobial Inoculants for Lentil and Field Pea." Journal of Production Agriculture 8, no. 4 (October 1995): 547–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jpa1995.0547.
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Liberal, Ângela, Ângela Fernandes, Maria Inês Dias, José Pinela, Ana María Vivar-Quintana, Isabel C. F. R. Ferreira, and Lillian Barros. "Phytochemical and Antioxidant Profile of Pardina Lentil Cultivars from Different Regions of Spain." Foods 10, no. 7 (July 14, 2021): 1629. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10071629.
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Lentils (Lens culinaris spp.) are an important food consumed worldwide given their high protein, fiber, mineral, and phytochemical contents, and can be used as a potential source of good nutrition for many people. With the purpose of valuing the Pardina variety, the quality brand from a protected geographical indication “Lenteja de Tierra de Campos”, a full assessment of the nutritional, chemical, and antioxidant properties of 34 samples from this variety was carried out. Besides its actual rich nutritional profile, three phenolic compounds by high performance liquid chromatography equipped with photodiode array detection-mass (HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS) were identified (kaempferol derivatives) with slight differences between them in all extracts. Sucrose by high-performance liquid chromatography with a refraction index detector (HPLC-RI) and citric acid by ultra-fast liquid chromatography coupled with a photodiode array detector (UFLC-PDA) were the major identified sugar and organic acid components, respectively, as well as α-tocopherol and γ-tocopherol isoforms (HPLC-fluorescence). Additionally, all the extracts presented excellent antioxidant activity by the oxidative hemolysis inhibition assay (OxHLIA/TBARS). Briefly, Pardina lentils from this quality brand are a good source of nutritional and chemical components and should therefore be included in a balanced diet.
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Giannakoula, Anastasia, I. F. Ilias, Jelena Dragisic-Maksimovic, V. M. Maksimovic, and Branka Zivanovic. "Does overhead irrigation with salt affect growth, yield, and phenolic content of lentil plants?" Archives of Biological Sciences 64, no. 2 (2012): 539–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs1202539g.
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Overhead irrigation of lentil plants with salt (100 mM NaCl) did not have any significant impact on plant growth, while chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence parameter Fv/Fm were affected. Under such poor irrigation water quality, the malondialdehyde content in leaves was increased due to the lipid peroxidation of membranes. In seeds, the total phenolic content (TPC) was correlated to their total antioxidant capacity (TAC). High performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) detection showed that flavonoids (catechin, epicatechin, rutin, p-coumaric acid, quercetin, kaempferol, gallic acid and resveratrol) appear to be the compounds with the greatest influence on the TAC values. Catechin is the most abundant phenolic compound in lentil seeds. Overhead irrigation with salt reduced the concentration of almost all phenolic compounds analyzed from lentil seed extracts.
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Soares de Melo, J. C., R. Soares Gomez, J. B. Silva Júnior, A. X. Mesquita de Queiroga, R. Lima Dantas, A. G. Barbosa de Lima, and Wilton Pereira Silva. "Drying of Oblate Spheroidal Solids via Model Based on the Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics." Diffusion Foundations 25 (January 2020): 83–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/df.25.83.
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Food drying is one of the most used methods of preservation. To accurately describe moisture migration within biological products (grains, fruits, vegetables, etc.) during drying and explain the effects of this process on the quality of the material, have been proposed several mathematical models, but few incorporate the phenomena of simultaneous heat and mass transport applied to complex geometry. In this sense, this paper aims to present a mathematical model, based on the thermodynamics of irreversible processes to describe the heat and mass transfer (liquid and vapor) during the drying of bodies with oblate spheroidal geometry. This model was applied to describe drying of lentil, considering the variables transport coefficients and equilibrium conditions at the surface of the solid. Results of the average moisture content, average temperature, liquid flux, vapor flux, and moisture content and temperature distributions inside a lentil kernel during drying process, at different temperatures (40 and 60 oC) were presented and analyzed.
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Melo, João C. S., João M. P. Q. Delgado, Wilton P. Silva, Antonio Gilson B. Lima, Ricardo S. Gomez, Josivanda P. Gomes, Rossana M. F. Figueirêdo, et al. "Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics-Based Convective Drying Model Applied to Oblate Spheroidal Porous Bodies: A Finite-Volume Analysis." Energies 14, no. 12 (June 9, 2021): 3405. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14123405.
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Commonly based on the liquid diffusion theory, drying theoretical studies in porous materials has been directed to plate, cylinder, and sphere, and few works are applied to non-conventional geometries. In this sense, this work aims to study, theoretically, the drying of solids with oblate spheroidal geometry based on the thermodynamics of irreversible processes. Mathematical modeling is proposed to describe, simultaneously, the heat and mass transfer (liquid and vapor) during the drying process, considering the variability of the transport coefficients and the convective boundary conditions on the solid surface, with particular reference to convective drying of lentil grains at low temperature and moderate air relative humidity. All the governing equations were written in the oblate spheroidal coordinates system and solved numerically using the finite-volume technique and the iterative Gauss–Seidel method. Numerical results of moisture content, temperature, liquid, vapor, and heat fluxes during the drying process were obtained, analyzed, and compared with experimental data, with a suitable agreement. It was observed that the areas near the focal point of the lentil grain dry and heat up faster; consequently, these areas are more susceptible to the appearance of cracks that can compromise the quality of the product. In addition, it was found that the vapor flux was predominant during the drying process when compared to the liquid flux.
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Torino, Maria Inés, Rocío I. Limón, Cristina Martínez-Villaluenga, Sari Mäkinen, Anne Pihlanto, Concepción Vidal-Valverde, and Juana Frias. "Antioxidant and antihypertensive properties of liquid and solid state fermented lentils." Food Chemistry 136, no. 2 (January 2013): 1030–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.09.015.
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Bissenova, G. N., B. Zh Sadykova, B. K. Mussabayeva, Zh B. Tekebaeva, Z. S. Sarmurzina, and A. Zh Temirkhanov. "Evaluation of growth-stimulating activity of microorganisms isolated from the soil of Akmola region." BULLETIN of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. BIOSCIENCE Series 140, no. 3 (2022): 47–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-7034-2022-140-3-47-59.
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A promising direction of biological agriculture is the use of the potential of useful soil and rhizospheric microflora, among which nitrogen-fixing and phosphate-mobilizing natural microorganisms occupy a significant place. Biologics created based on soil microorganisms make it possible to change approaches in the technology of growing agricultural plants. When selecting strains of potential producers of biological products, an important aspect is the ability to have a positive effect on the growth and development of plants, providing them with mineral nutrition, adaptation to various stresses, protect soils from depletion, restore their natural fertility and maintain the biological diversity of plant communities. The aim of the study was to select promising microorganisms with high growth-stimulating activity against crops such as wheat and lentils. As a result of the primary screening, 76 isolates of soil bacteria were isolated, 16 of which were selected as the most active isolates exhibiting pronounced antimicrobial properties. Further, 7 strains of microorganisms were selected from them (D.acidovorans Ш-1, St.maltophilia КЖ-1, B.cereus ТБ-1, E.cloacae КБ-2, E.ludwiqii ТБ-2, E. cloacae ШБ-2, E.cloacae Т-3), which showed a high degree of germination of plant seeds. It was found that the bacterial suspension of each of the strains P.fluorescens АК-4, St.epidermidis СhK-4, B.cereus ТБ-1, E.cloacae КБ-2, E.ludwiqii ТБ-2, E.cloacae ШБ-2, E.cloacae Т-3 has a high growth- stimulating effect on the growth performance of wheat. When treating lentil seeds with a culture liquid of each of the strains B.cereus ТБ-1, E.cloacae КБ-2, E. ludwiqii ТБ-2, S.marcescens ТК-2, E.cloacae ШБ-2, E.cloacae Т-3 growth rates increased in all studied concentrations. As a result, the article identifies the most active microorganisms with high growth-stimulating activity and increasing the germination of plant seeds. Thus, the selected promising bacterial strains are recommended as a basis for the development of biological products that increase seed germination and stimulate the growth of agricultural plants.
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Tienda-Vazquez, Mario Adrian, Rocío Daniela Soto-Castro, Oscar Carrasco-Morales, Carmen Téllez-Pérez, Roberto Parra-Saldívar, Maritza Alonzo-Macías, and Anaberta Cardador-Martínez. "Effect of Instant Controlled Pressure Drop (DIC) on Polyphenols, Flavonoids and Antioxidant Capacity of Green Lentils (Lens culinaris)." Molecules 28, no. 10 (May 16, 2023): 4119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28104119.
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Instant controlled pressure drop (DIC) is one of the emerging technologies in food processing; it can be used for drying, freezing and the extraction of bioactive molecules without damaging their properties. Legumes, such as lentils, are one of the most consumed foods in the world; however, they are mainly cooked by boiling, which causes the loss of antioxidant compounds. This work evaluated the effect of 13 different DIC treatments (with pressure ranges of 0.1–0.7 MPa and times of 30–240 s) on the content of polyphenols (Folin–Ciocalteu and High Performance Liquid Chromatography HPLC) and flavonoids (2-aminoethyl diphenylborinate) as well as the antioxidant activity (DPPH and TEAC) of green lentils. The DIC 11 treatment (0.1 MPa, 135 s) obtained the best release of polyphenols, which in turn are related to antioxidant capacity. The abiotic stress generated by DIC could lead to the breakdown of the cell wall structure, which favors the availability of antioxidant compounds. Finally, the most efficient conditions for DIC to promote the release of phenolic compounds and maintain antioxidant capacity were found under low pressures (<0.1 MPa) and short times (<160 s).
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Larena, I., P. Melgarejo, and A. De Cal. "Production, Survival, and Evaluation of Solid-Substrate Inocula of Penicillium oxalicum, a Biocontrol Agent Against Fusarium Wilt of Tomato." Phytopathology® 92, no. 8 (August 2002): 863–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2002.92.8.863.
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Production of conidia of Penicillium oxalicum (ATCC number pending), a biocontrol agent of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, was tested in liquid and solid fermentation. P. oxalicum produced 250-fold more conidia in solid than in liquid fermentation at 30 days after inoculation of substrate. Solid fermentation was carried out in plastic bags (600 cm3) especially designed for solid fermentation (VALMIC) containing 50 g of peat/vermiculite (PV) (1:1, wt/wt) with 40% moisture, sealed, sterilized, and then inoculated with 1 ml of a conidial suspension of P. oxalicum (105 conidia g-1 dry substrate), sealed again, and incubated in darkness at 20 to 25°C for 30 days. Addition of amendments to PV in a proportion of 0.5 (wt/wt) significantly increased conidial production of P. oxalicum. The best production was obtained on PV plus meal of cereal grains (barley) or leguminous seeds (lentil) (100-fold higher). Conidial production obtained after 5 days of inoculation was similar to that obtained at 30 days. However, viability of conidia produced in PV plus lentil meal was 35% higher than that of conidia produced in PV plus barley meal. Changes in proportions (1:1:0.5, wt/wt/wt; 1:1:1, wt/wt/wt; 1:0.5:0.5, wt/wt/wt; 1:1:0.5, vol/vol/vol) of components of the substrate (peat/vermiculite/lentil meal) did not enhance production or viability of conidia. Optimal initial moisture in the substrate was 30 to 40%. At lower moistures, significant reductions of production of conidia were observed, particularly at 10%. There was a general decline in the number of conidia in bags with time of storage at -80, -20, 4, and 25°C, or at room temperature (range from 30 to 15°C), with the highest decline occurring from 60 to 180 days. Conidial viability also was reduced with time, except for conidia stored at -20°C. Fresh conidia produced in solid fermentation system or those conidia stored at -20°C for 180 days reduced Fusarium wilt of tomato by 49 and 61%, respectively.
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Reddy, Priyanka, Aaron Elkins, Joe Panozzo, and Simone J. Rochfort. "High-Throughput Analysis of Amino Acids for Protein Quantification in Plant and Animal-Derived Samples Using High Resolution Mass Spectrometry." Molecules 26, no. 24 (December 14, 2021): 7578. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26247578.
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Current methods for measuring the abundance of proteogenic amino acids in plants require derivatisation, extended run times, very sensitive pH adjustments of the protein hydrolysates, and the use of buffers in the chromatographic phases. Here, we describe a fast liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) method for the determination of amino acids that requires only three steps: hydrolysis, neutralisation, and sample dilution with a borate buffer solution for pH and retention time stability. The method shows excellent repeatability (repeated consecutive injections) and reproducibility (repeated hydrolysis) in the amino acid content, peak area, and retention time for all the standard amino acids. The chromatographic run time is 20 min with a reproducibility and repeatability of <1% for the retention time and <11% for the peak area of the BSA and quality control (QC) lentil samples. The reproducibility of the total protein levels in the hydrolysis batches 1–4 was <12% for the BSA and the lentil samples. The level of detection on column was below 0.1 µM for most amino acids (mean 0.017 µM).
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Weng, Shengbei, Xiaonan Yang, Fang Liu, Haiqin Lin, Manli Liu, and Quan Liu. "Development of a liquid dissection technique for small-incision lenticule extraction: Clinical results and ultrastructural evaluation." Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery 44, no. 9 (September 2018): 1080–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrs.2018.06.023.
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Escrivá, Laura, Souheib Oueslati, Guillermina Font, and Lara Manyes. "AlternariaMycotoxins in Food and Feed: An Overview." Journal of Food Quality 2017 (2017): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1569748.
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Alternariais one of the major mycotoxigenic fungal genera with more than 70 reported metabolites.Alternariamycotoxins showed notably toxicity, such as mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, induction of DNA strand break, sphingolipid metabolism disruption, or inhibition of enzymes activity and photophosphorylation. This review reports on the toxicity, stability, metabolism, current analytical methods, and prevalence ofAlternariamycotoxins in food and feed through the most recent published research. Half of the publications were focused on fruits, vegetables, and derived products—mainly tomato and apples—while cereals and cereal by-products represented 38%. The most studied compounds were alternariol, alternariol methyl ether, tentoxin, and tenuazonic acid, but altenuene, altertoxins (I, II, and III), and macrosporin have been gaining importance in recent years. Solid-liquid extraction (50%) with acetonitrile or ethyl acetate was the most common extraction methodology, followed by QuEChERS and dilution-direct injection (both 14%). High- and ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry was the predominant determination technique (80%). The highest levels of alternariol and alternariol methyl ether were found in lentils, oilseeds, tomatoes, carrots, juices, wines, and cereals. Tenuazonic acid highest levels were detected in cereals followed by beer, while alternariol, alternariol methyl ether, tenuazonic acid, and tentoxin were found in legumes, nuts, and oilseeds.
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Begom, Most Farhana, Md Giush Uddin Ahmed, Rebeka Sultana, and Ferdous Akter. "Impact of Rhizobium biofertilizer on agronomical performance of lentil (BARI Masur-6) in Bangladesh." Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science 6, no. 2 (June 25, 2021): 114–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.26832/24566632.2021.060201.
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Excessive nitrogen fertilizer uses in crop field causes surface water pollution, which has a harmful effect on the ecosystem. The study was conducted to reducing the use of nitrogen fertilizers during cultivation of pulse crop and as an alternative to increase the use of biofertilizers. Rhizobium can fix atmospheric nitrogen to the soil; it can be used as an alternative to urea for the cultivation of lentil (BARI Masur-6). The Rhizobium leguminosarum was isolated from root nodules of lentil (Lens culinaris) plants and cultured in YEMA (Yeast Extract Mannitol Agar) media. The Rhizobium was screened on the ground of physiological, biochemical and environmental conditions. Different doses of urea fertilizers (20, 40, 60, 80 kg ha-1) and liquid Rhizobium were used in experimental plots. The results indicated that biofertilizer with different chemical fertilizer performed higher than application of several level of urea nitrogen fertilizer in respect of plant height, number, chlorophyll content (µg cm-1) and number of nodules plant-1 with variety BARI Masur-6. There was optimum relative growth rate (RGR) also observed. The increase in urea nitrogen levels was the reason for the decline in relative plant growth. Yield and yield contributing characters like number of pod plant-1, number of seed plant-1, 1000-grain weight (g), grain yield (t ha-1), straw yield and biological yield were significantly influenced by biofertilizer application. The assembled application of biofertilizer and chemical fertilizer produced maximum number of harvest index (%) compare to the chemical fertilizers. Significant correlation found with no of nodule, no of seed, seed weight, grain yield and straw yield. Significant correlation also found in chlorophyll content with some yield contributing characters like seed number, seed weight, grain yield and straw biomass. Further significant correlation observed between pod number and seed number, between seed weight and grain yield. Rhizobium can fulfill the alternate source of nitrogen that promoted significant growth and yield of lentil and it was much closer to the farmer’s conventional amount of urea.
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Tavallaie, F. Zaker, B. Ghareyazie, A. Bagheri, and K. K. Sharma. "Lentil Regeneration from Cotyledon Explant Bearing a Small Part of the Embryo Axis." Plant Tissue Culture and Biotechnology 21, no. 2 (December 31, 2011): 169–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ptcb.v21i2.10240.
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The effect of external BAP on explants including leaflets, stems, cotyledons with and without embryo axis of lentil (Lens culinaris Medic.) were tested on the frequency of shoot induction. The effect of different levels and combinations of various cytokinins on multiple shoot induction and elongation of shoots were compared. The effect of explant age and pH of media were also tested on shoot induction from various explants. Finally, the effect of IBA, IAA, and NAA on root induction of elongated shoots were examined. Optimum conditions for root emergence and growth and the hardening of seedlings were determined. Cotyledon with small part of the embryo axis was the superior explant. Shoot induction from the explants was enhanced by inclusion of BAP in the seed germination medium. The highest shoot induction (up to 96%) was obtained on MS with 7.5 µM 2-ip, 4 µM kn, and 2 µM TDZ. Over 80% of the elongated shoots produced roots in solid 1/4 BS media with 50 µM NAA for 3 days followed by 10 days in a mixture of liquid 1/4 BS, vermiculite and sand. Root development and hardening of the seedlings was achieved by using a hydroponics system containing Arnons solution. Tissue culture derived plants were transplanted to the greenhouse where the seeds were harvested after about 4 months. Key words: regeneration, Cotyledon, Embryo axis, Lentil, Lens culinaris D. O. I. 10.3329/ptcb.v21i2.10240 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 21(2): 169-180, 2011 (December)
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Gonde, Lonestar, Tristan Wickham, Hendrik Gideon Brink, and Willie Nicol. "pH-Based Control of Anaerobic Digestion to Maximise Ammonium Production in Liquid Digestate." Water 15, no. 3 (January 19, 2023): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15030417.
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A typically overlooked by-product of the anaerobic digestion process is the liquid digestate. The digestate is generally high in valuable nutrients like nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus, which are essential for plant growth. This indicates that digestate can be an effective fertilizer. In this study, the pH of the anaerobic digestion process was controlled at three different set points (6, 7, and 8) for three different substrates (banana peels, cow dung, and red lentils) in order to determine the ammonium release characteristics at each set point. This was achieved by using two different set-ups; one set-up, named the daily dosing set-up (DDS), incorporated pH corrections once a day, and the other set-up, named the continuous dosing set-up (CDS), corrected the pH every minute. It was discovered that a pH of 7 is the optimal set point for both ammonium release as well as the gas production rate. In terms of a comparative analysis between precise pH control being performed every minute and pH control that was performed once a day, there were differences present in the gas production profiles with the CDS providing enhanced rates compared to the DDS. However, there was a negligible difference in the ammonium release rate.
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Riccioni, L., A. Haegi, and M. Valvassori. "First Report of Vascular Wilt Caused by Fusarium redolens on Lentil in Italy." Plant Disease 92, no. 7 (July 2008): 1132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-92-7-1132c.
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Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) is a traditional crop in Sicily, Italy. Near Villalba (Caltanissetta), a local lentil landrace, “Lenticchia di Villalba”, is commonly grown. From 2002 to 2004, wilt was observed in five lentil fields (≈1 ha each) at rates from 5 to 20%. Affected plants were yellow and stunted with discoloration in the vascular tissue of stems and crowns. Pieces of brown vascular tissue from stems were disinfested in 2% sodium hypochlorite for 2 min, rinsed with sterile distilled water, placed on potato dextrose agar, and incubated at 23°C. Isolates with morphological characteristics of Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht.:Fr. (2) were consistently recovered from affected plants. For molecular identification of five isolates, the rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and a portion of the elongation factor EF-1α were sequenced using ITS5/4 and EF1/2 primers, respectively (1). Two sequences of the ITS region were obtained: a 468-bp sequence from isolates ER1259, ER1260, and ER1275 (submitted as GenBank Accession No. EU159118) and a 483-bp sequence from isolates ER1274 and ER1276 (submitted as GenBank Accession No. EU281661). The two sequences shared 93% similarity. A sequence homology search using the NCBI BLAST program revealed that the first sequence had 100% homology with the ITS sequences of more than 50 F. oxysporum isolates of various formae speciales in GenBank and the second shared 100% homology with the ITS sequences of five isolates of F. redolens Wollenw. (e.g., GenBank Accession No. X94169 of the strain CBS 360.87). Amplification of the EF-1α produced a sequence from isolates ER1274 and ER1276 (submitted as GenBank Accession No. EU281660) with 99 to 100% homology to sequences of F. redolens and a sequence from strains ER1259, ER1275, and ER1260 (submitted as GenBank Accession No. EU281659) with 100% homology to that of more than 50 F. oxysporum strains in GenBank. Although F. redolens and F. oxysporum are morphologically similar, recent molecular studies have shown that they are distinct and phylogenetically distant species (3). On the basis of genetic sequences, isolates ER1274 and ER1276 were identified as F. redolens. These isolates were evaluated for pathogenicity on lentil. For each isolate, 10 2-week-old seedlings of “Lenticchia di Villalba” were inoculated by submerging roots in a suspension of 2.5 × 106 conidia/ml for 10 min. Plants were put into separate tubes containing 70 ml of a nutritional liquid medium (7 ml of HydroPlus Olikani per liter; Yara, Nanterre, France) and incubated in a growth chamber at 20°C with 12 h of light per day. Seedlings dipped in sterile water served as the control treatment. The pathogenicity test was repeated twice. Inoculated seedlings started to wilt 1 week after inoculation and developed root rot and vascular discoloration. After 2 weeks, 70% of the inoculated plants were affected by both isolates and 40 and 10% died when inoculated with ER1274 and ER1276 isolates, respectively. F. redolens was consistently reisolated from the stems of wilted plants. Noninoculated plants remained healthy. Currently, only F. oxysporum f. sp. lentis Vasud. and Sriniv. has been reported as the cause of Fusarium wilt of lentil. To our knowledge, this is the first report of F. redolens as a pathogen on lentil. References: (1) R. P. Baayen et al. Phytopathology 91:1037, 2001. (2) P. E. Nelson et al. Fusarium Species: An Illustrated Manual for Identification. The Pennsylvania State University Press, University Park, 1983. (3) K. O'Donnell et al. Mycologia 90:465, 1998.
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Byrdwell, William C., and Hari Kiran Kotapati. "Multi-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography of Pulse Triacylglycerols with Triple Parallel Mass Spectrometry." Separations 10, no. 12 (December 5, 2023): 594. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations10120594.
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We analyzed ten pulses (the dried seeds of legumes), i.e., baby lima beans, black beans, black-eyed peas, butter beans, cranberry beans, garbanzo beans, green split peas, lentils, navy beans, and pinto beans, using three-dimensional liquid chromatography (3D-LC) with parallel second dimensions, LC × (LC + LC). We combined non-aqueous reversed-phase (NARP) chromatography as the first dimension separation, 1D, with argentation UHPLC for separation based on degree and location of unsaturation in the first second dimension, 2D(1), and multi-cycle NARP-UHPLC in the second second dimension, 2D(2). Pulses contained 1.9% to 2.7% lipids, except garbanzo beans, which contained 6.2% lipids. High-resolution, accurate-mass (HRAM) orbitrap mass spectrometry (MS) was used to perform lipidomic analysis of the 2D(2) and percent relative quantification, showing that the most abundant average triacylglycerol (TAG) molecular species across all pulses were PLL at 10.67% and PLLn at 10.45%. Common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) were clustered together using principal component analysis (PCA), showing the highest levels of linolenic acid, C18:3, in molecular species such as PLnLn, LLnLn, and OLLn, with palmitic (P), C16:0, linoleic (L), 18:2, linolenic (Ln), 18:3, and oleic (O), 18:1, FAs. Calibration curves derived from interweaved sets of regioisomer standards allowed the absolute quantification of 1,2- and 1,3-regioisomers for a subset of TAGs.
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Paff, Andrew, and Darrell W. Cockburn. "Evaluating the efficacy of non-thermal microbial load reduction treatments of heat labile food components for in vitro fermentation experiments." PLOS ONE 18, no. 3 (March 21, 2023): e0283287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0283287.
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Increasingly, in vitro simulated colon fermentations are being used as a pre-clinical step to assess the impacts of foods and drugs on the gut microbiota in a cost-effective manner. One challenge in such systems is that they are potentially susceptible to the influences of contaminating microbes in test materials. Simulated gastric and intestinal digestion can relieve some of these concerns, however, live microbes may remain that can confound analysis. Autoclave treatment of test materials is the surest way to eliminate these microbes but presents problems when using heat labile components such as resistant starch. In this study, liquid chemical sterilant alternatives to moist heat sterilization were explored for treating pulse flours for use during in vitro simulated colon fermentation. Key attributes considered in chemical selection were accessibility, impact on treated food components, and effectiveness of the treatments for reducing microbial load. Three chemicals were selected for evaluation, bleach, alcohol, and hydrogen peroxide, at varying concentrations. Flours chosen for testing were from green lentil, field pea, chickpea, or sprouted green lentil. All treatments significantly reduced microbial loads, though there were still detectable levels of microbes after alcohol treatments. Furthermore, in vitro simulated colon fermentations of the treated pulses showed minimal difference from the untreated control both in terms of microbial composition and short chain fatty acid production. Scanning electron microscopy showed minimal impact of sterilization treatments on the gross structure of the pulse flours. Together these results suggest that bleach and hydrogen peroxide treatments can be effective nonthermal treatments to eliminate contaminating microbes in pulse flours without causing significant damage to starch and other fermentable substrates. This is thus also a promising treatment method for other starchy food substrates, though further testing is required.
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Donat, Pilar Vila, Giovanni Caprioli, Paolo Conti, Filippo Maggi, Massimo Ricciutelli, Elisabetta Torregiani, Sauro Vittori, and Gianni Sagratini. "Rapid Quantification of Soyasaponins I and βg in Italian Lentils by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)–Tandem Mass Spectrometry (MS/MS)." Food Analytical Methods 7, no. 5 (September 3, 2013): 1024–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12161-013-9708-3.
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Qin, Shuai, Shuai Zheng, Bing Qi, Rui Guo, and Guanghui Hou. "Decellularized Human Stromal Lenticules Combine with Corneal Epithelial-Like Cells: A New Resource for Corneal Tissue Engineering." Stem Cells International 2019 (December 7, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4252514.
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The lack of donor corneal tissue or the immunological rejection remains a challenge for individuals with limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) who are treated with keratoplasty. Numerous lenticules which were extracted by small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) appear to be useful materials for keratoplasty. In order to reduce the incidence of allograft rejection, lenticules would be decellularized. Lenticules which were treated with liquid nitrogen and nucleases had no cellular and nuclear materials remained. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be generated from the patient who requires keratoplasty, offering an autologous alternative and eliminating the risk of graft rejection. We found that BMP-4, RA, N-2 supplement, hEGF, B27, decellularized human stromal lenticules, conditioned medium, or induction medium promoted the differentiation of human iPSCs with high purity. The results showed that human iPSCs cultured for 4 days in differentiation medium A, 14 days in condition medium, and 1 week in induction medium on decellularized human stromal lenticules developed markedly higher expression of the markers P63, CK3, and CK12 than did those in the other methods. The level of gene expression of the epithelial and pluripotency markers and analysis by scanning electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry also showed successful differentiation. After inducing differentiation in vitro, corneal epithelial-like cells were induced. In the study, we investigated the possibility of a new resource for corneal tissue engineering.
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Rao, Jing, Qizhi Zhou, Jiansu Chen, Jianing Gu, Yini Wang, and Yonghuan Liu. "Carbodiimide crosslinked decellularized lenticules as a drug carrier for sustained antibacterial eye treatments." Biomedical Materials 18, no. 2 (February 8, 2023): 025009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-605x/acb67b.
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Abstract In this study, the drug-loading and antibacterial activity of carbodiimide/N-hydroxysuccinimide (EDC/NHS) crosslinked decellularized lenticules (CDLs) were evaluated. Small incision lenticule extraction derived lenticules were decellularized and modified with crosslinking concentrations of 0.00 (E/L00, non-crosslinked), 0.01 (E/L01), 0.05 (E/L05) and 0.25 mmol (E/L25) EDC per mg lenticules at 5:1 EDC/NHS ratios with non-decellularized non-crosslinked lenticules (NDLs) as controls. NDLs and EDC/NHS CDLs had similar water contents. The light transmittance percentages (400–800 nm) were 91.55 ± 1.16%, 88.68 ± 1.19%, 80.86 ± 1.94%, 85.12 ± 2.42% and 85.62 ± 2.84% for NDLs, E/L00, E/L01, E/L05 and E/L25, respectively (P < 0.01). The EDC/NHS CDLs (diameter: 6.36 ± 0.18 mm; central thickness: 117.31 ± 3.46 μm) were soaked in 3% (wt./vol.) levofloxacin (LEV) solution for 3 h. The drug release concentrations of LEV-impregnated EDC/NHS CDLs were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Zone inhibition (ZOI) against Staphylococcus aureus of E/L01, E/L05 and E/L25 were superior to E/L00 CDLs (P < 0.01) and among the different crosslinked groups, E/L05 lenticules produced the largest ZOIs and their drug concentration release over 21 d was the highest. EDC/NHS crosslinking can improve the drug-loading effect and antibacterial activity of decellularized lenticules. LEV-impregnated EDC/NHS CDLs are promising drug delivery carriers.
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Peresichnyi, Mykhailo, Svitlana Peresichna, and Anna Sobko. "Use of Food Combinatorics in the Vegetable Dishes Development of the Improved Amino Acid Composition." Restaurant and hotel consulting. Innovations 4, no. 1 (June 22, 2021): 56–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31866/2616-7468.4.1.2021.234830.
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The topicality. To date, the structure of the population’s diet has significant deviations from the formula of a balanced diet in terms of protein intake, including sulfur-containing, which causes the formation of risk factors for the development alimentary and alimentary-dependent diseases. For the prevention of diseases caused by protein deficiency, it is promising to increase its content in vegetable dishes due to the integrated use of raw materials and dietary supplements of high biological value. It is advisable to use food combinatorics in the innovative technologies development for vegetable dishes of improved amino acid composition. The purpose of the study is food combinatorics of amino acid composition of potato croquettes with soy flour, wheat germ; natural shrimp powder “Rieber Food Ingredients” and lentil-spirulina filling in terms of content and balance of essential and substitute amino acids and the degree of their assimilation by the human body. Research methods. Physicochemical, mathematical and statistical methods of experimental data processing with the use of information technologies, methods of ion exchange liquid column chromatography and qualimetric methods have been used. Results. Research is aimed at the use of food combinatorics and scientific substantiation of the amino acid composition of potato croquettes with the use of protein vegetable and non-fish water raw materials and dietary supplements. As a result of scientific researches the food combinatorics at development of technology of vegetable dishes has been carried out, the amino acid structure has been proved and experimentally generalized, the amino acid score and balance of sulfur-containing amino acids in the complex use of potato mass with wheat germ, soy flour, natural shrimp powder “Rieber Food Ingredients” and lentil-spirulina filling in culinary products have been analyzed. The social effect of fuller use of vegetable, non-fish water raw materials, expansion of the range of vegetable dishes with improved amino acid composition and consumer properties of potato dishes in restaurants, preservation and protection of public health has been confirmed. Conclusions and discussions. Food combinatorics was carried out during the potato croquet technology development with the use of protein vegetable and non-fish water raw materials, which contributed to the improvement of the amino acid composition of vegetable dishes and, in particular, to the increase of their biological value.
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González-Gómez, Lorena, Judith Gañán, Sonia Morante-Zarcero, Damián Pérez-Quintanilla, and Isabel Sierra. "Sulfonic Acid-Functionalized SBA-15 as Strong Cation-Exchange Sorbent for Solid-Phase Extraction of Atropine and Scopolamine in Gluten-Free Grains and Flours." Foods 9, no. 12 (December 12, 2020): 1854. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9121854.
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A novel method was developed and applied to the determination of the most representative tropane alkaloids (TAs), atropine and scopolamine, in gluten-free (GF) grains and flours by HPLC-MS/MS. Accordingly a suitable sample treatment procedure based on solid-liquid extraction (SLE) and followed by strong cation-exchange solid-phase extraction (SCX-SPE) was optimized. SBA-15 mesostructured silica functionalized with sulfonic acids was evaluated as sorbent. The proposed method was fully validated in sorghum flour showing good accuracy with recoveries in the range of 93–105%, good linearity (R2 > 0.999) and adequate precision (RSD < 20%). Low method quantification limits (MQL) were obtained (1.5 and 2.4 µg/kg for atropine and scopolamine, respectively) and no matrix effect was observed thanks to the extraction and clean-up protocol applied. The method was applied to 15 types of GF samples of pseudocereals (buckwheat, quinoa and amaranth), cereals (teff, corn and blue corn, sorghum and millet) and legumes (red and green lentil, chickpea and pea). Atropine was found above the MQL in eight of them, with values between 7 and 78 µg/kg, while scopolamine was only found in teff flour, its concentration being 28 µg/kg. The method developed is an interesting tool for determining TAs in a variety of samples of GF grains and flours.
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Zhang, Haixia, Ambuj B. Jha, Devini De Silva, Randy W. Purves, Thomas D. Warkentin, and Albert Vandenberg. "Improved folate monoglutamate extraction and application to folate quantification from wild lentil seeds by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-selective reaction monitoring mass spectrometry." Journal of Chromatography B 1121 (July 2019): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.05.007.
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Mirali, Mahla, Stephen J. Ambrose, Stephen A. Wood, Albert Vandenberg, and Randy W. Purves. "Development of a fast extraction method and optimization of liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry for the analysis of phenolic compounds in lentil seed coats." Journal of Chromatography B 969 (October 2014): 149–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.08.007.
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Wigfield, Yuk Y., and Monique Lanouette. "A modified clean-up for the determination of glyphosate and its metabolite residues in lentils using high pressure liquid chromatography and post-column fluorogenic labelling." Pesticide Science 33, no. 4 (1991): 491–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ps.2780330411.
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Gębura, Katarzyna, Piotr P. Wieczorek, and Anna Poliwoda. "Determination of Glyphosate and AMPA in Food Samples Using Membrane Extraction Technique for Analytes Preconcentration." Membranes 12, no. 1 (December 24, 2021): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12010020.
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The method for determining glyphosate (NPG) and its metabolite AMPA (aminomethyl phosphonic acid) in solid food samples using UAE-SLM-HPLC–PDA technique was developed. Firstly, ultrasonic-assisted solvent extraction (UAE) and protein precipitation step were used for the analyte isolation. Then, the supernatant was evaporated to dryness and redissolved in distilled water (100 mL). The obtained solution was alkalized to pH 11 (with 1 M NaOH) and used directly as donor phase in SLM (supported liquid membrane) extraction. The SLM extraction was performed using 2 M NaCl (5 mL) as an acceptor phase. The flow rate of both phases (donor and acceptor) was set at 0.2 mL/min. The membrane extraction took 24 h but did not require any additional workload. Finally, the SLM extracts were analyzed using the HPLC technique with photo-diode array detector (PDA) and an application of pre-column derivatization with p-toluenesulfonyl chloride. Glyphosate residues were determined in food samples of walnuts, soybeans, barley and lentil samples. The LOD values obtained for the studied food were 0.002 μg g−1 and 0.021 μg g−1 for NPG and AMPA, respectively. Recoveries values ranged from 32% to 69% for NPG, 29% to 56% for AMPA and depended on the type of sample matrix. In the case of buckwheat and rice flour samples, the content of NPG and AMPA was below the detection level of a used analytical method.
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Kaphalia, Bhupendra S., Renu Takroo, Suman Mehrotra, Usha Nigam, and Tejeshwar D. Seth. "Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in Different Indian Cereals, Pulses, Spices, Vegetables, Fruits, Milk, Butter, Deshi Ghee, and Edible Oils." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 73, no. 4 (July 1, 1990): 509–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/73.4.509.
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Abstract A total of 244 samples of cereals (wheat flour, rice, and maize), pulses (arhar, moong, gram, lentil, and black gram), spices (turmeric, chili, coriander, and black pepper), vegetables (potato, onion, spinach, cabbage, brinjal, and tomato), fruits (mango, guava, apple, and grape), milk, butter, DeshI ghee, and edible oils (vegetable, mustard, groundnut, and sesame) collected from different cities of Northern Province (Utter Pradesh) were analyzed by gas liquid chromatography for the presence of organochlorine pesticide residues. Residues of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and 2,2-bls(p-chlorophenyl)- 1,1,1-trlchloroethane (DDT) were detected In about 85% of the total samples of cereals, spices, milk, butter, DeshI ghee, and edible oils analyzed in the present study. However, the residue levels were either very small (<0.06 ppm) or not detected at all In pulses, vegetables, and fruits as compared with very high concentrations In wheat flour (4.42 and 0.12 ppm), butter (1.19 and 4.85 ppm), mustard oil (1.26 and 2.42 ppm), DeshI ghee (1.10 and 3.84 ppm), vegetable oil (1.02 and 0.59 ppm), groundnut oil (0.51 and 1.49 ppm), and chili (0.48 and 1.92 ppm). The levels of HCH and DDT residues detected in rice, maize, turmeric, coriander, black pepper, and all the vegetables and fruits were also lower than those found In wheat flour, oil, and fat samples analyzed In the present study. These findings suggest that a restricted and controlled use of such persistent pesticides may be useful for decreasing their contamination levels In different food Items.
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Sagratini, Gianni, Yanting Zuo, Giovanni Caprioli, Gloria Cristalli, Dario Giardinà, Filippo Maggi, Laura Molin, Massimo Ricciutelli, Piero Traldi, and Sauro Vittori. "Quantification of Soyasaponins I and βg in Italian Lentil Seeds by Solid-Phase Extraction (SPE) and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography−Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-MS)." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 57, no. 23 (December 9, 2009): 11226–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf901707z.
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Wu, Eugene, Sunia A. Trauger, Lars Pache, Tina-Marie Mullen, Daniel J. Von Seggern, Gary Siuzdak, and Glen R. Nemerow. "Membrane Cofactor Protein Is a Receptor for Adenoviruses Associated with Epidemic Keratoconjunctivitis." Journal of Virology 78, no. 8 (April 15, 2004): 3897–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.78.8.3897-3905.2004.
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ABSTRACT Subgroup D adenovirus (Ad) types 8, 19, and 37 (Ad8, -19, and -37, respectively) are causative agents of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis and genital tract infections. Previous studies showed that Ad37 binds to a 50-kDa membrane glycoprotein expressed on human ocular (conjunctival) cells. To identify and characterize the role of the 50-kDa glycoprotein in Ad37 infection, we partially purified this molecule from solubilized Chang C conjunctival cell membranes by using lentil lectin chromatography and preparative sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Liquid chromatography coupled to nano-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry was subsequently used to identify four Ad37 receptor candidates: CD46, CD87, CD98, and CD147. Immunodepletion analyses demonstrated that the 50-kDa protein is identical to CD46 (also known as membrane cofactor protein). The Ad37, but not Ad5, fiber knob bound to the extracellular domain of CD46, demonstrating a direct interaction of an Ad37 capsid protein with CD46. An antibody specific for the N-terminal 19 amino acids of CD46 also blocked Ad37 infection of human cervical carcinoma and conjunctival cells, indicating a requirement for CD46 in infection. Finally, expression of a 50-kDa isoform of human CD46 in a CD46-null cell line increased cell binding by wild-type Ad37 and gene delivery by an Ad vector pseudotyped with the Ad37 fiber, but not by a vector bearing the Ad5 fiber. Together, these studies demonstrate that CD46 serves as an attachment receptor for Ad37 and shed further light on the cell entry pathway of subgroup D Ads.
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Weir, Tiffany L., John N. McGinley, Elizabeth S. Neil, and Henry J. Thompson. "Effect of Pulse Consumption on Obesity and the Metagenome." Proceedings 61, no. 1 (October 30, 2020): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iecn2020-07009.
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Grain legumes, which are commonly referred to as pulses, are staple foods in many parts of the world, but are infrequently consumed in most economically developed countries where the obesity pandemic is prominent. However, even in low pulse consuming countries such as the United States, there are sub-groups of individuals who consume large amounts of pulses. Systematic reviews of population studies indicate that pulse consumers have a lower risk for developing obesity. To determine whether these population-based findings could be modeled in preclinical systems in which such findings can be deconstructed, we used rat and mouse models of dietary induced obesity and reported that lipid accumulation was inhibited. In this study, we examined the relationship between inhibition of fat accumulation and changes in the gut associated microbiome in male C57BL/6 mice fed either a high fat diet with casein as the protein source or that diet formulation in which one of four pulses (chickpea, common bean, dry pea, or lentil) was substituted to provide 70% dietary protein with the remainder provided by casein. The seeds of each pulse were soaked, cooked, and then freeze-dried and milled; the resulting powder was used for diet formulation. Mice were ad libitum fed over the 17-week duration of the feeding trial. Cecal content was obtained at necropsy and immediately snap frozen in liquid nitrogen. Extracted genomic DNA was processed for 16s rRNA sequencing on an Illumina system. Significant differences were observed between each pulse and the high fat control diet in microbial phylogenetic diversity (p < 0.001) and accumulation of lipid in adipose depots (p < 0.01). Differences among pulses were also observed in both metrics. Microbiome alpha and beta diversity metrics, differences in abundance for each detected taxon among treatment groups, and their relationships to changes in lipid accumulation in adipose storage depots are reported.
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Hrynchenko, Olha, Valentyna Dehtiar, Anna Radchenko, Andrey Pak, Iryna Smetanska, and Fedor Percevoy. "Revealing the effect of hydrothermal processing of legumes on the accumulation of dry matter in aquafaba." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 5, no. 11 (131) (October 30, 2024): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2024.313890.
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Legumes are an affordable source of vegetable protein, fiber, and vitamins, and due to their high nutritional and biological value, they are widely used in the nutrition of various categories of consumers. The main methods of processing legumes include hydromechanical and hydrothermal treatment, which is aimed at achieving culinary readiness of boiled legumes. Studying the parameters of the specified technological process for the accumulation of dry substances in aquafaba could make it possible to influence the composition and properties of this liquid, which would provide opportunities for its use in the food industry. The influence of hydrothermal processing of leguminous grains on the accumulation of dry matter in aquafaba, as well as the kinetics of moisture content of various types of leguminous grains, have been experimentally investigated, which made it possible to determine the rational parameters of hydromechanical and hydrothermal processing of chickpeas, beans, peas, lentils, with the preparation of boiled leguminous grains and aquafaba. It was determined that during hydromechanical processing intensive moisture absorption occurs in the first hours and reaches up to 80 % of the initial mass, after which the intensity of water absorption decreases somewhat. Rational technological parameters of hydrothermal processing of leguminous grains by two methods, basic (cooking at a temperature of 99±1 °С) and under pressure (cooking in a pressure cooker at a temperature of 120±1 °С) were established in the relationship "achieving the readiness of legumes – the content of dry substances in aquafaba". The use of the above-mentioned techniques for hydrothermal processing of leguminous grains make it possible to obtain the content of dry substances in aquafaba in the range of 2.8–4.8 % for cooking by the main technique and 3.9–7.0 % under pressure cooking conditions. To understand the processes regarding the influence of hydrothermal processing of legume grains on the accumulation of dry substances, the Peleg model was used. The experimental data could be used to substantiate parameters for the technological process to produce foods based on legumes
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Niskanen, E., J. Gorman, and PC Isakson. "Hematopoetic precursors respond to a unique B lymphocyte-derived factor in vivo." Blood 70, no. 6 (December 1, 1987): 1784–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v70.6.1784.1784.
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Abstract In this study we detected a factor that stimulates the proliferation of bone marrow-derived hematopoietic precursors in diffusion chambers implanted in mice. This factor, called diffusible colony-stimulating factor (D-CSF), was found in medium conditioned in the presence of spleen and peripheral blood cells from mice with B cell leukemia (BCL1). After the administration of D-CSF, the number of colonies formed in the plasma clot inside the chamber (CFU-DG) was increased, as were the number of hematopoietic precursors (CFU-MIX, CFU-S, CFU-C, and BFU-E) as judged by a subculture of diffusion chamber contents. Depletion of macrophages and T cells from the spleen cell suspension did not decrease the production of D-CSF, thereby indicating that it was derived from B cells. Neoplastic BCL1 cells appear to be the source because D-CSF could not be detected in medium conditioned with normal B cells. BCL1-conditioned medium (CM) did not enhance CFU-MIX, BFU-E, and CFU-C colony formation in vitro, which suggested that D-CSF is different from multi-CSF, EPA, or CSF. The addition of BCL1 CM to multi- CSF-, erythroid potentiating activity (EPA), and CSF (EL-4CM)- containing cultures had no effect on CFU-MIX, BFU-E, and CFU-C colony formation, thus indicating the absence of a synergistic or inhibitory activity. On the other hand, EL-4 CM, which stimulates CFU-MIX, BFU-E, and CFU-C in vitro, had no effect on CFU-DG in vivo. Biochemical characterization of BCL1 CM revealed that D-CSF is relatively heat stable and loses its bioactivity with protease treatments. It binds to lentil-lectin, according to gel-filtration chromatography has a relative molecular weight of approximately 43,000, and on reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography elutes with acetonitrile. These data also indicate that transformed B cells may serve as a source for hematopoietic regulators that act on hematopoietic precursors in vivo.
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Niskanen, E., J. Gorman, and PC Isakson. "Hematopoetic precursors respond to a unique B lymphocyte-derived factor in vivo." Blood 70, no. 6 (December 1, 1987): 1784–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v70.6.1784.bloodjournal7061784.
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In this study we detected a factor that stimulates the proliferation of bone marrow-derived hematopoietic precursors in diffusion chambers implanted in mice. This factor, called diffusible colony-stimulating factor (D-CSF), was found in medium conditioned in the presence of spleen and peripheral blood cells from mice with B cell leukemia (BCL1). After the administration of D-CSF, the number of colonies formed in the plasma clot inside the chamber (CFU-DG) was increased, as were the number of hematopoietic precursors (CFU-MIX, CFU-S, CFU-C, and BFU-E) as judged by a subculture of diffusion chamber contents. Depletion of macrophages and T cells from the spleen cell suspension did not decrease the production of D-CSF, thereby indicating that it was derived from B cells. Neoplastic BCL1 cells appear to be the source because D-CSF could not be detected in medium conditioned with normal B cells. BCL1-conditioned medium (CM) did not enhance CFU-MIX, BFU-E, and CFU-C colony formation in vitro, which suggested that D-CSF is different from multi-CSF, EPA, or CSF. The addition of BCL1 CM to multi- CSF-, erythroid potentiating activity (EPA), and CSF (EL-4CM)- containing cultures had no effect on CFU-MIX, BFU-E, and CFU-C colony formation, thus indicating the absence of a synergistic or inhibitory activity. On the other hand, EL-4 CM, which stimulates CFU-MIX, BFU-E, and CFU-C in vitro, had no effect on CFU-DG in vivo. Biochemical characterization of BCL1 CM revealed that D-CSF is relatively heat stable and loses its bioactivity with protease treatments. It binds to lentil-lectin, according to gel-filtration chromatography has a relative molecular weight of approximately 43,000, and on reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography elutes with acetonitrile. These data also indicate that transformed B cells may serve as a source for hematopoietic regulators that act on hematopoietic precursors in vivo.
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Golzi, María Eugenia, Lucas Marchetti, and Gabriel Lorenzo. "Aquafaba from lentils (Lens culinaris) and common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris): a study of cooking variables and drying process on the techno‐functional and microstructural properties." International Journal of Food Science & Technology, August 24, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ijfs.16658.
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SummaryThe effect of cooking time and the solid content was analysed in the techno‐functional properties of lentils and common beans aquafaba, and their powders obtained through spray‐drying. Foam drainage kinetic and emulsion destabilisation were successfully modelled showing that lentil aquafaba had better foaming capacity than beans, due to its higher protein content. Moreover, an increase in cooking time results in more liquid incorporated into the foam and a longer lag phase. Bean aquafaba had acceptable emulsifying capacity, attributable to higher soluble carbohydrates. Additionally, microstructure, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry, rehydration capacity, and flowability of aquafaba powders were studied. Microscopy of dried lentil aquafaba showed damaged and collapsed particles, while bean powder consisted of spherical smooth particles. The dominant factor influencing aquafaba functional properties and powder characteristics was the legume type, attributed to their chemical compositions. These findings broaden the insights of alternative sources of aquafaba and enhance the industrial applicability of these residues through highly rehydratable and functional powders.
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Carmo, João Evangelista Franco do, Antonio Gilson Barbosa de Lima, and Carlota Joaquina e. Silva. "Continuous and Intermittent Drying (Tempering) of Oblate Spheroidal Bodies: Modeling and Simulation." International Journal of Food Engineering 8, no. 3 (July 17, 2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/1556-3758.1430.
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Abstract In this work, modeling of continuous and intermittent drying of oblate spheroidal bodies is presented. The model considers the liquid diffusion as the only process of mass transfer inside the body, constant diffusion coefficient and equilibrium conditions at the surface of the solid. The diffusion equation is described in the oblate spheroidal coordinates system and it was discretized using the finite-volume method. Formulation was applied to predict drying of lentil grains. Several cases of intermittent drying for lentils were simulated: using a same time of tempering (time of rest), beginning in different drying time and for two or more drying passes (time steps) along the process. For a same useful time of the dryer, it was observed that the intermittent drying always increases the efficiency of the process. Another outstanding result is the improvement of the final quality of the product due to the absence of large moisture content gradients inside of the product during the drying process after tempering.
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Heidari, Hassan, and Zahra Parhoon. "Effect of water contaminated with hand washing liquid on germination characteristics of wheat, flax, and lentil." Tenside Surfactants Detergents, May 18, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tsd-2021-2411.
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Abstract Due to climate change and declining water resources, some farmers are turning to wastewater. One of water pollutants is household detergent. To examine this, a study was conducted to determine the effect of water contaminated with hand washing liquid on the germination characteristics of wheat, flax, and lentil in a completely randomized design with three replications in 2020. Experimental treatments included water contaminated with different concentrations of hand washing liquid ((0, 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10)%) of hand washing liquid in water). The results showed that with increasing concentration of the contaminant in the water, the germination percentage, the caulicle length, and the radicle length of wheat, flax and lentil decreased. It was observed that wheat had a higher resistance to hand washing liquid than lentil and flax so that at a concentration of 0.01% and 0.1%, the wheat radicle was still growing. It is recommended to avoid irrigating plants with contaminated water with high amounts of hand washing liquid.
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Singh, Dharmendra, Shubhra Maithreyi, Jyoti Taunk, and Madan Pal Singh. "Physiological and proteomic characterization revealed the response mechanisms underlying aluminium tolerance in lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus)." Physiologia Plantarum 176, no. 3 (April 29, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ppl.14298.
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AbstractAluminium (Al) toxicity causes major plant distress, affecting root growth, nutrient uptake and, ultimately, agricultural productivity. Lentil, which is a cheap source of vegetarian protein, is recognized to be sensitive to Al toxicity. Therefore, it is important to dissect the physiological and molecular mechanisms of Al tolerance in lentil. To understand the physiological system and proteome composition underlying Al tolerance, two genotypes [L‐4602 (Al‐tolerant) and BM‐4 (Al‐sensitive)] were studied at the seedling stage. L‐4602 maintained a significantly higher root tolerance index and malate secretion with reduced Al accumulation than BM‐4. Also, label‐free proteomic analysis using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometer exhibited significant regulation of Al‐responsive proteins associated with antioxidants, signal transduction, calcium homeostasis, and regulation of glycolysis in L‐4602 as compared to BM‐4. Functional annotation suggested that transporter proteins (transmembrane protein, adenosine triphosphate‐binding cassette transport‐related protein and multi drug resistance protein), antioxidants associated proteins (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dependent oxidoreductase, oxidoreductase molybdopterin binding protein & peroxidases), kinases (calmodulin‐domain kinase & protein kinase), and carbohydrate metabolism associated proteins (dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase) were found to be abundant in tolerant genotype providing protection against Al toxicity. Overall, the root proteome uncovered in this study at seedling stage, along with the physiological parameters measured, allow a greater understanding of Al tolerance mechanism in lentil, thereby assisting in future crop improvement programmes.