Academic literature on the topic 'Lens spans'
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Journal articles on the topic "Lens spans"
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Gray, Julia. "Life, Death, Inertia, Change: The Hidden Lives of International Organizations." Ethics & International Affairs 34, no. 1 (2020): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0892679420000052.
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AbstractThe life spans of international organizations (IOs) can take unexpected turns. But when we reduce IO life spans simply to their existence or lack thereof, or to formal change involving the addition of new members or the revision of charters, we miss the subtler dynamics within IOs. A broader continuum of IO life spans acknowledges life, death, inertia, and change as responses to crises, and affords a more nuanced perspective on international cooperation. Through this lens, the setbacks that many IOs are currently experiencing look less extraordinary.
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NELSON, CYNTHIA. "MURSI SAAD EL-DIN, ED., Gazbia Sirry: Lust for Color (Cairo: American University in Cairo Press, 1998). Pp. 246." International Journal of Middle East Studies 33, no. 2 (May 2001): 324–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743801382065.
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The attempt to put into words what is fundamentally a visual experience confronts this reviewer with an enormous challenge. Being neither artist nor art critic, I must approach the task through my lens as friend and long-time admirer of Gazbia Hassan Sirry, one of Egypt's leading modern artists, whose varied and innovative artistic career spans more than fifty years. Perhaps in this way I can create a context within which this book can be read, appreciated, and, I hope, used by those scholars who are interested in the dialectic between art and society, artist and social transformation.
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Kadiri, Fadoua. "Morocco’s Inclusive Education Program through the Lens of Ethnography." International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation 5, no. 6 (June 16, 2022): 100–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijllt.2022.5.6.12.
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This ethnographic research study explores the changes undergone by an integration classroom designed to receive kids with disabilities following the implementation of Morocco’s 2019 inclusive education program. This longitudinal study spans two academic years (Jan-Feb, 2021 & Jan-Feb, 2022), given that classes were suspended during the academic year 2019-2020 due to the coronavirus pandemic. This paper uses qualitative tools to examine how the newly-devised inclusive education program affected a Moroccan integration classroom. It relies on participant observations, field notes, and informal questioning in addition to analysis of official documents. The research takes place in a Rabat-based integration classroom housed by the Allal Ben Abdellah public elementary school, a pilot establishment with years of expertise in dealing with kids with disabilities. The research shows that there is still a big confusion between the concepts of integration and inclusion as used in the Moroccan context. Inclusive education is still facing the challenges of lack of training for educators, scarcity of resources and equipment, and the rarity of school aids. However, there are some changes that occurred with the advent of the inclusive education program, like the change in the classroom’s demographics and the decrease of segregation of kids with disabilities, which helped many improve especially mild and moderate cases. In addition, the staff is proactive, self-taught, and has a positive attitude, a humane approach, and on-the-job expertise, a fact that helps with the implementation of the inclusive education program.
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Palmer, Jason. "Be Careful, Ye Catholic: The Entanglement of Mormonism and Money in Peru." Religions 12, no. 4 (March 31, 2021): 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel12040246.
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Globalization is not only the feverish insistence that land’s superfluity is increasing exponentially, but it is also the willful ignorance of the reality underlying that illusion: Distance has not been annihilated. Distance, and the land it spans, is more important than ever. Globalization imagines away the land’s importance because of whom it imagines to be “of the land”. This entity, indigeneity, threatens to expose the lie upon which globalization is founded. According to many people of the land surrounding the mid-Andean city of Arequipa, Peru, globalization’s promise of unidirectional wealth accumulation severs their connection to sustainable, terrestrial cyclicity. For some of these arequipeños, few institutions embody this existential disruption more menacingly than The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints. Mormonism, therefore, becomes a material and mythological threat to the lifeways of their land. This article grounds the fraught, mimetic relationship between globalization and land in Peru through the lens of anti-Mormonism.
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Kook, Kyunghee. "“I Want to Be Trafficked so I Can Migrate!”: Cross-Border Movement of North Koreans into China through Brokerage and Smuggling Networks." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 676, no. 1 (February 21, 2018): 114–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716217748591.
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This article draws on ethnographic fieldwork and in-depth interviews with forty North Korean escapees involved in smuggling and brokerage networks and explores North Korean escapees’ cross-border mobility to China. It addresses the complexities of smuggling, showing how the category spans a continuum of actions that might be described as saving or rescuing at one pole, and the kind of exploitation generally termed trafficking at the other. By focusing on the multiple and varied interests and motivations of different actors who assist with North Korean women’s migration, I argue that differences among trafficking, smuggling, and migration are constructed rather than essential, and reflect a continued tendency among policy-makers to imagine human mobility through the lens of a fictional opposition between actions that are forced and those that are voluntary. The North Korean women’s migratory processes demonstrate the complexities of brokerage and smuggling networks, revealing how they can, but do not necessarily, entail the kind of exploitation generally termed trafficking.
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MacNeill, Margaret. "‘Screenagers’ and In/Active Lifestyles: A Socio-Cultural Analysis of Healthy Life Span Promotion." Kinesiology Review 2, no. 1 (February 2013): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/krj.2.1.47.
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Young people are increasingly the targets of public health and private-public sector campaigns to promote active lifestyles and longevity of the life span (Arnett, 2012; Faulkner, Kwan, Brownrigg, & MacNeill, 2011). Yet media campaigns alone cannot redress the barriers to physical activity. In this paper I argue that theories of life span and social marketing approaches to health promotion share a grounding in the behavioral sciences that need to be broadened to consider social determinants of active and inactive lifestyles and uncover how youth audiences make sense of health promotions. As such, I suggest how the social marketing of healthy life spans can move upstream to advocate policies and programs for youth activity. In this article I a) critically examine our shifting notions of youth and assumptions about life span, b) highlight trends in media consumption by youth, c) consider how kinesiology can broaden the social marketing lens to active media advocacy for social justice, and d) raise implications for research and intervention.
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Teletin, Marius, Manuel Mark, Olivia Wendling, Nadège Vernet, Betty Féret, Muriel Klopfenstein, Yann Herault, and Norbert B. Ghyselinck. "Timeline of Developmental Defects Generated upon Genetic Inhibition of the Retinoic Acid Receptor Signaling Pathway." Biomedicines 11, no. 1 (January 12, 2023): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11010198.
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It has been established for almost 30 years that the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) signalling pathway plays essential roles in the morphogenesis of a large variety of organs and systems. Here, we used a temporally controlled genetic ablation procedure to precisely determine the time windows requiring RAR functions. Our results indicate that from E8.5 to E9.5, RAR functions are critical for the axial rotation of the embryo, the appearance of the sinus venosus, the modelling of blood vessels, and the formation of forelimb buds, lung buds, dorsal pancreatic bud, lens, and otocyst. They also reveal that E9.5 to E10.5 spans a critical developmental period during which the RARs are required for trachea formation, lung branching morphogenesis, patterning of great arteries derived from aortic arches, closure of the optic fissure, and growth of inner ear structures and of facial processes. Comparing the phenotypes of mutants lacking the 3 RARs with that of mutants deprived of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) synthesising enzymes establishes that cardiac looping is the earliest known morphogenetic event requiring a functional ATRA-activated RAR signalling pathway.
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Kim, A. Yu, M. F. Amoyan, and V. E. Khapilin. "Algorithm for numerical calculation of nonlinear lenticular membrane-pneumatic systems by iterative method of parameter increments taking into account the aftereffect of air pressure." Herald of Dagestan State Technical University. Technical Sciences 49, no. 2 (August 17, 2022): 133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21822/2073-6185-2022-49-2-133-142.
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Objective. The purpose of this study is to create a static calculation algorithm to determine the maximum bearing capacity of a lenticular membrane-pneumatic system for covering large spans under the action of external force loads.Method. A numerical study of a large-span membranepneumatic structure was carried out by the step method of incrementing parameters using the finite element method and the Euler-Cauchy numerical procedure of the third order of accuracy at the step.Result. The authors have developed a technique for computer static calculation of geometrically and physically nonlinear lenticular membrane-pneumatic systems of coatings for large span structures by the iterative method of parameter increments with the phased application of the finite element method in the form of the displacement method, the universal equation of gas state and the improved Euler-Cauchy numerical procedure of the third order of accuracy.Conclusion. Ignoring the aftereffect in the calculations means the imbalance of the system due to unbalanced pneumatic forces calculated with an error of 11.2% and affecting, as the calculations showed, in the amount of approximately 7% percent on the increment of excess air pressure in the lens.
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Pasquetto, Irene V., Alberto F. Olivieri, Luca Tacchetti, Gianni Riotta, and Alessandra Spada. "Disinformation as Infrastructure: Making and Maintaining the QAnon Conspiracy on Italian Digital Media." Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 6, CSCW1 (March 30, 2022): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3512931.
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Building from sociotechnical studies of disinformation and of information infrastructures, we examine how - over a period of eleven months - Italian QAnon supporters designed and maintained a distributed, multi-layered "infrastructure of disinformation" that spans multiple social media platforms, messaging apps, online forums, alternative media channels, as well as websites, databases, and content aggregators. Examining disinformation from an infrastructural lens reveals how QAnon disinformation operations extend well-beyond the use of social media and the construction of false narratives. While QAnon conspiracy theories continue to evolve and adapt, the overarching (dis)information infrastructure through which "epistemic evidence" is constructed and constantly updated is rather stable and has increased in size and complexity over time. Most importantly, we also found that deplatforming is a time-sensitive effort. The longer platforms wait to intervene, the harder it is to eradicate infrastructures as they develop new layers, get distributed across the Internet, and can rely on a critical mass of loyal followers. More research is needed to examine whether the key characteristics of the disinformation infrastructure that we identified extend to other disinformation infrastructures, which might include infrastructures put together by climate change denialists, vaccine skeptics, or voter fraud advocates.
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Walden, Jennifer. "A pile of drums: Putting theory into practice in culturally diverse music education." International Journal of Music Education 38, no. 1 (October 11, 2019): 79–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0255761419871358.
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This article provides music educators with practical ways to (a) build school community through culturally diverse music and informal performances and (b) inculcate global perspectives into music programs (including concert band and choir) through culturally diverse music. In an autoethnographic style, the article tells a story that spans 2 years in a challenging situation: an international school in a country wrought with political and economic instability. It examines community building and inculcating global awareness from four perspectives. The first perspective reviews engagement in cultural diversity in music education through the lens of recently completed PhD research. It looks what scholars are writing about culturally diverse music education and how these ideas subsequently look in practice. Second, 30 years of personal experience teaching culturally diverse music are tied in, including ideas for student engagement in music classes. The third perspective includes practical ideas: how culturally diverse music can be integrated to broaden a program and rejuvenate interest in music. Finally, the fourth reveals responses from students experiencing learning through culturally diverse music. Examples, transcriptions, and recommended resources are included, leaving music teachers with useful, sustainable approaches for culturally diverse inclusivity.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Lens spans"
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Grenet, Louis. "Injection de spins dans les semi-conducteurs." Phd thesis, Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00508923.
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L'injection de courant polarisé en spin dans les semi-conducteurs est un point-clef de la spintronique, discipline qui vise à utiliser le spin de l'électron comme degré de liberté en électronique. Ce travail de thèse étudie l'injection de spins depuis une électrode ferromagnétique à travers une barrière tunnel vers un semi-conducteur en absence de champ magnétique. La polarisation du courant injecté est détectée optiquement, ce qui impose que l'aimantation des électrodes soit perpendiculaire aux plans des électrodes. Ce travail s'articule donc en deux parties. La première section traite de l'élaboration d'hétérostructures oxyde/métal ferromagnétiques pour l'injection de spins dans le GaAs et le Si. Les croissances d'électrodes de MgO/FePt par épitaxie par jets moléculaires sur GaAs et de Al2O3/CoPt par pulvérisation cathodique sur Si sont décrites. L'étude des propriétés structurales et magnétiques et de transport de ces couches a ainsi permis de montrer la possibilité d'obtenir des films minces à aimantation perpendiculaire pour l'injection de spins sur plusieurs matériaux. La deuxième partie se focalise sur le transport polarisé en spin dans le Silicium. L'injection de courant polarisé dans ce matériau en absence de champ magnétique externe est ainsi démontrée pour la première fois par des mesures d'électroluminescence. L'analyse de la lumière émise par un puits quantique de SiGe inséré dans une diode de Silicium montre une polarisation optique de l'ordre de 3% liée à la polarisation en spin du courant injecté.
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Forestier, Guillaume. "Transport quantique dans les verres de spins." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAY023/document.
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Les travaux expérimentaux présentés dans cette thèse associent deux pans de la physique de la matière condensée, avec d'un côté la physique des verres de spins et de l'autre la physique mésoscopique. Le verre de spins est un exemple emblématique de système désordonné et frustré, il se caractérise à basse température par un ordre magnétique non conventionnel, où le désordre magnétique apparaît gelé. De plus, celui-ci est considéré comme un système modèle pour étudier les verres en général et de ce fait, il a fait l'objet de nombreuses études expérimentales et théoriques. Après d'importants efforts de recherche, la description de l'état fondamental de ce système a abouti à deux approches très différentes. La première, donnée par la résolution non triviale du problème en champ moyen, met en avant un état fondamental composé d'une multitude d'états organisés et hiérarchisés. La deuxième approche, dite des "gouttelettes", se base quant à elle sur la dynamique hors équilibre d'un unique état. Cependant, en dépit de ces contributions, la compréhension de cette phase est loin d'être complète et la nature de l'état fondamental reste encore un débat ouvert. Dans un conducteur mésoscopique, le transport se fait de manière cohérente : les électrons gardent la mémoire de leur phase, ce qui permet d'observer des effets d'interférences électroniques. La motivation à la base de ce travail est d'utiliser ces effets d'interférences comme outil pour étudier le verre de spins. En effet, étant donné que les interférences électroniques dépendent intiment de la disposition du désordre statique du conducteur, le transport cohérent peut se révéler être une sonde microscopique très efficace pour étudier la configuration du désordre dans un conducteur. Bien que quelques expériences pionnières de transport cohérent existent dans des verres de spins, ce domaine de recherche n'a que très peu été exploré. Néanmoins, il a connu un récent renouveau grâce à des travaux théoriques qui montrent de quelle manière cette sonde est sensible au désordre magnétique gelé et comment elle peut fournir des informations sur la nature de l'état fondamental du verre de spins. Ainsi, ce travail de thèse expérimental présente l'implémentation de mesure de transport dans des verres de spins mésoscopiques. La première partie de l'étude est consacrée aux caractéristiques générales de transport classique et quantique de ces systèmes. Nous avons examiné les propriétés de la résistivité en fonction de la température et du champ magnétique et nous montrons que ces systèmes mésoscopiques possèdent bien des comportements attendus pour des verres de spins. Dans une deuxième partie, nous nous sommes intéressés au comportement de la magnétorésistance à bas. Nous avons mis en avant que celle-ci présente une forte hystérésis dont l'amplitude dépend fortement, de la température dans la phase vitreuse et de la vitesse de balayage du champ magnétique. Nous avons argumenté que ce comportement particulier traduit la mise hors équilibre du système et montrons comment la température et la vitesse de balayage du champ magnétique pilotent l'écart à l'équilibre. Dans cette partie, nous avons aussi examiné par des mesures de transport la relaxation du système vers l'équilibre, après l'avoir excité. Nous présentons également les propriétés de transport étonnantes que nous avons observées à bas champ, résultant de protocoles en températures et en champs magnétiques plus complexesThe experiments presented in this thesis associate two fields of condensed matter physic, on the one hand with the spin glass physic and the other hand with the mesoscopic physic. The spin glass state is one of the most emblematic of disordered and frustred system and at low temperature, it is caracterized by an unconventionel order where the magnetic disorder is quenched. Moroever, it is considered as a model system for glasses in general and thereby it has been extensively studied, both experimentally and theoreticlly. After extensive research efforts, the description of fundamental state of the system has lead towards two well different approaches. The first, given by the mean field solution, highlights a fundamental composed of mulitple states organised and hierarchical. The second, called droplet model is based on the off--equilibrium dynamic of a unique ground state. However, despite these contributions, the understanding ot this phase is far from being complete and the nature of the ground state still remains an open question. In a mesoscopic conductor, the transport of electron is coherent: electrons keep the memory of their phase, so that one can observe interference effects. The main motivation of this work is to use these interference effects in order to to probe the spin glass state. Indeed, as electronic interference depends of the position of the static disorder, coherent transport can be a useful tool to study the configuration of the microscopic disorder. Althought few coherent transport experiments exist to probe the spin glass, this field of research has very little explored. Nevertheless, this area has been a revival thanks to theoritical work, showing how coherent transport is sensitived to the quenched disorder and how it may provide informations of the nature of fundamental state of spin glass. So, this experimental work deals with the implementation of transport measurements in mesoscopic spin glasses. The first part of the study is focused on the general charateristics of classical and quatum transport of these system. We have examined the resistivity as a function of the temperature and magnetic field and we show that these mesoscopic systems have a spin glass-like behaviour. In a second part, we have focused on the low field magnetoresistivity. We show that it presents a strong hysteresis, whose the amplitude is strongly depends, both of the temperature in the glassy phase and sweeping rate of the magnetic field. We argue that this particular behaviour is related to the out off-equilibrium of the system and we show how the temperature and the sweeping rate control the deviation to the equilibrium. In this part, we also examine by transport measurements how the system relaxes towards the equilibrium just after its excitation. In addition, we present surprinsing transport propreties that we observed, resulting of experimental protocols more sophisticated in temperatures and magnetic fields
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PUHA, IOANA. "Frustration et desordre dans les systemes de spins." Paris 11, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA112159.
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Nous avons aborde au cours de ce travail de these differents aspects du desordre et de la frustration dans les systemes de spins. La premiere partie est dediee aux effets de la frustration sur le comportement critique du modele de potts bidimensionnel a q = 3 etats sur le reseau dit de villain. Utilisant des variables grassmaniennes et une analogie avec le modele des dimeres, nous analysons l'etat fondamental du systeme en fonction de x = j a n t i f e r r o/j f e r r o. Nous trouvons que malgre la degenerescence infinie du fondamental et le fait que l'entropie residuelle soit finie, l'ordre a longue portee emerge dans le systeme completement frustre (x = 1) a temperature critique finie, contrairement au cas q = 2. La technique des matrices de transfert est utilisee afin d'acceder au diagramme de phase du systeme. L'evolution des exposants critiques en fonction de x dans l'intervalle 1, 1 conduit a la conclusion que le systeme evolue dans la meme classe d'universalite que son homologue non-frustre. Le diagramme de phase est verifie utilisant la simulation monte-carlo. Les exposants critiques au point x = 1 sont obtenus utilisant la methode et l'analyse en taille finie. Le deuxieme aspect aborde dans cette these est l'influence du faible desordre sur le point tricritique du modele blume-capel (nomme bc par la suite) en trois dimensions. Par l'intermediaire des simulations monte-carlo intensives, nous suivons la trajectoire du point tricritique du modele de bc en fonction du desordre gele de liens. Nos simulations verifient que la transition de premier ordre est presente dans ce systeme jusqu'a un seuil de desordre des liens. Les techniques des histogrammes et l'analyse en taille finie donnent acces aux exposants critiques du modele desordonne. Nous verifions ainsi que la classe d'universalite change suite a la presence du desordre gele dans le systeme. Les memes conclusions sont retrouvees dans le cas d'un potentiel d'anisotropie variant selon une distribution bimodale.
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Léger, Yoan. "Détection de spins individuels dans les boîtes quantiques magnétiques." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00202472.
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Nous avons étudié par micro-spectroscopie des boîtes quantiques de semiconducteurs II-VI contenant une impureté magnétique individuelle (atome de Mn). L'émission optique de ces systèmes est régie par les interactions entre les porteurs confinés et le spin Mn. Des expériences de magnéto-optique ont permis de déterminer les différents paramètres contrôlant ces interactions. L'analyse du spectre d'émission de certaines de ces boîtes quantiques magnétiques permet de détecter directement l'état de spin de l'impureté magnétique. Les conditions de cette détection sont fortement influencées par une anisotropie de forme de la boîte quantique étudiée ou la présence d'un champ de contraintes inhomogène dans l'échantillon. Les effets de ces phénomènes sur les propriétés optiques des boîtes ont été analysés en détail. Nous nous sommes également consacrés à l'étude des différents états de charges des boîtes quantiques magnétiques. Celle-ci révèle la possibilité de contrôler électriquement ou optiquement l'anisotropie magnétique de systèmes magnétiques nanoscopiques. Enfin, nous avons abordé l'étude de la dynamique de spin dans ces systèmes. Les fluctuations temporelles d'un spin individuel ont été mises en évidence en analysant la statistique des photons émis par une boîte quantique.
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Aubourg, Lucile. "Contrôle et transmission de l'information dans les systèmes de spins." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCD003/document.
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Au niveau atomique, le contrôle de spins est un objectif primordial en physique quantique. Malheureusement la présence de bruits gêne ce dernier. Le but est de trouver les conditions à imposer à l’environnement pour que le contrôle ne soit pas perturbé par le bruit. L’étude d’une chaîne de spins caractérisée par trois couplages : interactions d’Heisenberg, d’Ising-Z et d’Ising-X, évoluant librement est prise comme référence. Nous observons que l’interaction d’Heisenberg correspond à un couplage isotrope. Celle d’Ising-Z conserve l’ordre dans la chaîne tandis que celle d’Ising-X est très désordonnée. Nous rendons le système plus complexe en ajoutant du contrôle et en analysant le comportement adiabatique d’un système quantique. Ce dernier est composé d’un système et d’un environnement, dont le couplage est perturbatif. Trois régimes adiabatiques ont été mis en évidence. Des formules permettant d’obtenir la fonction d'onde au cours du temps ont alors été établies pour ces trois régimes. Cependant, dans la pratique, les systèmes quantiques ne sont en aucun cas isolés. L’interaction avec leur environnement peut entraîner des comportements plus complexes, rendant le contrôle très difficile. Nous avons alors étudié des systèmes de spins, couplés ou non, frappés par des trains d’impulsions magnétiques ultracourtes. Ces trains traversent un environnement classique (stationnaire, de dérive linéaire, Markovien, microcanonique) modifiant la force et le retard de chaque impulsion. La modification des trains par l’environnement classique est une des sources du désordre dans le système de spins. Ce désordre est transmis entre les spins par le couplage. Dans cette étude nous n’arrivons pas à contrôler le système lorsque les trains sont en présence des environnements précédents. Pour palier à ce problème, nous imposons aux impulsions magnétiques de traverser un environnement chaotique. Avant un temps t, appelé horizon de cohérence, le système couplé par une interaction d’Heisenberg et soumis à un environnement chaotique reste cohérent alors qu’après, la population et la cohérence d'un spin et du spin moyen du système tendent à se rapprocher de la distribution microcanonique. Pendant cet horizon, il est possible de réaliser du contrôle quantique soit par contrôle total (contrôle du système à chaque instant), soit par transmission d’information. Cette étude nous a permis de déterminer une formule empirique de l’horizon de cohérence. Finalement, nous nous sommes attachés à trouver une formule plus formelle de cet horizonAt an atomic level, the spin control is an essential aim in quantum physics. Unfortunately, the presence of noises disturbs this last. The goal is to find the conditions which we have to impose to the environment in order that the control is not disturbed by the noise. The study of a spin chain characterized by three couplings (Heisenberg, Ising-Z and Ising-X interactions) freely evolving is taken as reference. We observe that the Heisenberg interaction corresponds to an isotropic coupling. The Ising-Z one conserves the order into the chain whereas the Ising-X one is really disordered. We consider a more complex quantum system by adding some control and analyzing its adiabatic behavior. This last is composed by a system and an environment, for which the coupling is perturbative. Three adiabatic regimes have been highlighted. Some formulas allowing to obtain the wave function across the time have been established for these three regimes. However, in practice, quantum systems are not isolated. The interaction with their environment can lead to more complex behaviors, driving the control more difficult. We have studied spin systems, coupled or not, kicked by some ultrashort magnetic pulse trains. These trains cross a classical environment (stationary, drift, Markovian, microcanonical) modifying the strength and the delay of each pulse. The modification of the trains by the environment is one of the sources of the disorder into the spin system. This disorder is transmitted between the spins by the coupling. In this study we do not succeed in controlling the system when the trains are in the presence of the previous environments. To remedy this situation, we force the magnetic pulses to cross a chaotic environment. Before a time t, called horizon of coherence, the system coupled by an Heisenberg interaction and submitted to a chaotic environment remains coherent whereas after, the population and the coherence of one spin and of the average spin of the system tend to go near the microcanonical distribution. During this horizon, it is possible to realize some quantum control either by total control (control of the system at every instants) or by information transmission. This study allows us to determine an empirical formula of the horizon of coherence. Finally, we have tried to find a more formal approach for this horizon
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Charpentier, Thibaut. "RMN du solide : des matériaux du nucléaire sous tous les spins." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00345175.
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Ce travail présente divers aspects liés à la modélisation des spectres RMN de matériaux désordonnés en lien avec des études structurales de matrices pour le confinement des déchets nucléaires. Dans un premier chapitre, sont présentées différentes méthodes pour la modélisation et le traitement des spectres RMN MAS et MQMAS de systèmes désordonnés. Nous montrons les possibilités d'extraire les distributions corrélées de paramètres RMN à partir des données expérimentales. Afin de relier ces informations spectrales à des informations structurales, nous décrivons les différentes potentialités offertes par le couplage de calculs ab initio par la méthode GIPAW des grandeurs RMN (Tenseur de déplacement chimique, Gradient local de champ électrique) avec des modélisations de verres par dynamique moléculaires. Des exemples sont présentés sur des systèmes simples SiO2, B2O3 et Na2O-SiO2. Nous montrons l'apport de cette approche RMN premiers principes pour l'amélioration des connaissances sur les relations RMN/structure, l'utilisation de la RMN à validation de modèles structuraux de verres. Des perspectives pour l'incorporation de données RMN dans des approches de modélisation inverse de type Reverse Monte Carlo sont discutées. Si ce type de calculs ab-initio permettent aujourd'hui d'appréhender des systèmes de plusieurs centaines d'atomes, la prédiction du comportement de telles assemblées de spins nucléaires restent néanmoins aujourd'hui encore une difficulté majeure. Nous avons développé une approche théorique pour aborder cette problématique, notamment en présence de rotation de l'échantillon. Son application à des phénomènes d'échange d'aimantation (Ordre dipolaire, Polarisation Croisée) et de phénomènes de relaxation est présentée. Le couplage de ces outils avec les calculs ab-initio devraient permettre d'aborder des question difficiles de la prédiction ab-initio des phénomènes relaxations.
Dans un seconde partie, différentes applications à des problématiques de stockage de déchets nucléaires sont présentées, en soulignant l'apport de la RMN : compréhension des mécanismes d'incorporation dans une matrice hôte cristalline ou vitreuse de terres rares, modifications structurales induites par des agressions interne (effets d'irradiations) ou externes (lixiviation). Phosphates, Silicate de Calcium hydratés, verre borosilicatés (modèles simplifiés des verres nucléaires) sont des matériaux que nous avons étudiés. L'analyse locale qu'apporte la RMN est indispensable pour ces matériaux de compositions complexes et notamment à la compréhension des interactions entre divers éléments : alcalin /alcalino-terreux (Na/Ca), alcalins mixtes (Na/Li,Na/K), effets de substitution. Nous concluons en décrivant les difficultés pour étendre ces études à des matériaux réels, c'est à dire incluant des actinides et/ou produits de fissions : problématique de la RMN MAS sur des échantillons radioactifs; influence du paramagnétisme sur la lisibilité des spectres RMN. Nous présentons les résultats de premières approches pour aborder ces questions.
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Lefevre, Alexandre. "États métastables dans les systèmes désordonnés : des verres de spins aux." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003321.
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Les matériaux vitreux sont caractérisés par l'existence d'un grand nombre d'états métastables. Parmi ceux-ci, les verres de spins sont les systèmes les plus étudiés et les mieux connus. À l'opposé, l'appartenance des empilements granulaires à la classe des systèmes vitreux est récente, et le rôle des états métastables n'y est pas encore bien compris. Dans cette thèse, les connaissances acquises sur les verres de spins sont mises à profit pour étudier la dynamique stationnaire des milieux granulaires vibrés. Dans une première partie, les propriétés dynamiques essentielles des modèles de verres de spins en champ-moyen sont passées en revues. La notion d'état métastable est ensuite discutée, ainsi que le lien avec la perte d'ergodicité dans la phase vitreuse. Enfin, plusieurs méthodes numériques et analytiques permettant de calculer l'entropie configurationnelle sont exposées en détail.
La seconde partie traite des états métastables dans les milieux granulaires. Un algorithme de "tapping" y est introduit, permettant d'obtenir un modèle paradigmatique pour l'étude des systèmes granulaires vibrés, partiellement accessible analytiquement. Le scénario proposé par Edwards selon lequel dans l'état stationnaire tous les états métastables sont visités avec la même probabilité est testée sur plusieurs modèles. L'étude de modèles unidimensionnels permet de comprendre la validité de cette approche aux grandes densités, alors que l'étude de modèles sur des graphes aléatoires montre que la mesure d'Edwards permet de décrire de façon précise des phénomènes non triviaux comme des transitions de phase. Enfin, des tests permettant de vérifier expérimentalement cette approche sont proposés.
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Bouraoui, Taoufik. "L' impact des spams boursiers sur les caractéristiques des titres financiers." Paris 10, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA100121.
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Lancé pour la première fois sur une escroquerie qui promettait l'obtention de permis de travail pour les immigrants aux USA, le spam a bien évolué allant des médicaments, des faux diplômes, des tentatives de fraude bancaire. . . Etc jusqu'au jour où fut l'apparition des messages qui ont pour objet la manipulation des cours boursiers. Ces messages, appelés spams boursiers reposent sur le principe suivant : les spammeurs commencent par acheter petit à petit, pour ne pas faire monter le cours des titres, une grosse quantité d'actions. Ensuite, par des messages prenant la forme de conseils financiers, ils suscitent l'intérêt pour le titre, objet de spam, dans le but d'en faire artificiellement gonfler le prix. Enfin, une fois le prix atteint le niveau souhaité, ils revendent toutes les actions et réalisent des bénéfices. La constante augmentation des spams boursiers, très largement diffusés, ne permet plus de considérer ces phénomènes comme quantité négligeable et amène à s'interroger sur les effets qu'ils peuvent avoir sur la dynamique des cours boursiers. Nous nous sommes donc proposés dans la présente thèse d'étudier l'impact des spams boursiers sur trois variables à savoir les volumes, les rendements et la volatilité. La mise en oeuvre de la méthodologie des études d'événements a montré que ces messages ont un impact significatif sur l'activité de marché de penny stocks. Ce marché est peu liquide et on ne peut exclure que les variations anormales observées soient largement tributaire du degré de illiquidité de chaque titre. Afin de vérifier cette hypothèse, nous avons utilisé un modèle de régression simple afin de déterminer si la variable d'illiquidité mesurée par le ratio d'Amihud a un pouvoir explicatif sur la réaction anormale du volume, du rendement ou de la volatilité, à la suite du spam. Nos résultats ont mis en avant une relation significative antre l'illiquidité et les réactions dues chacune des trois variables. Par conséquent, l'effet significatif observé sur les caractéristiques des titres de penny stocks est dû à leur manque de liquiditéLaunched for the first time on a scam that promised to obtain work permits for immigrants in USA, spam has evolved from drugs,false diplomas, phishing. . . Until the appearance of messages that are intented to manipulate stock prices. These messages,called stock spams based on the following principle : spammers start by buying gradually, for not raising the price, a large quantity of securities. Then, by messages taking the form of financial advice, they arouse interest for the stock objet of spam, in order to increase artificially prices. Finally, once the price reaches the desired level, they sell all the stocks and make profits. The constant increase of stock spams does not any more allow considering these phenomena as negligible and leads to wonder about effects which they can have on the dynamics of stock prices. We therefore proposed in this thesis to study the impact of stock spams on three variables namely volume,return and volatility. The implementation of the event study methodology showed that these messages have a significant impact on the activity of penny stock market. This market is illiquid and we cannot exclude that abnormal variations are largely dependent on the degree of illiquidity of each security. To check this assumption, we used a regression model in order to determine whether the variable of illiquidity measured by the Amihud ratio has an explanatory power on the abnormal reaction of volume, return or volatility. Our results have highlighted a significant relationship between illiquidity and the reactions of each of the three variables. Therefore, the significant effect observed on the characteristics of penny stock securities is due to their lack of liquidity
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GROLLAU, SYLVAIN. "Une approche thermodynamiquement coherente pour les modeles de spins classiques tridimensionnels." Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA112112.
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On utilise une approche initialement introduite pour obtenir les grandeurs thermodynamiques et les proprietes structurales de fluides simples en dimension 3. Dans cette approche, la fonction de correlation de paires est obtenue a partir d'une approximation d'ornstein-zernike et en imposant la coherence thermodynamique de la theorie de telle sorte que l'energie libre est independante de la maniere dont on la calcule a partir des fonctions de correlation. Les resultats anterieurs indiquent que le diagramme de phase est decrit avec une tres grande precision y compris pres du point critique conduisant a des exposants effectifs proches de leur valeur exacte. On etend ici cette approche pour etudier plusieurs modeles de spins presentant des transitions de premier et de second ordre ainsi que differents types de comportements critiques. On propose une theorie qui permet de decrire precisement l'ensemble du diagramme de phase du modele de blume-capel pour les differents reseaux cubiques. On etudie les proprietes d'universalite et l'effet de cross-over induit par le point tricritique. On presente une etude du modele de potts ferromagnetique a q etats pour les differents reseaux cubiques et pour des valeurs de q entieres et non entieres. En particulier, on s'interesse a la region du diagramme ou la transition en champ nul change de nature pour une valeur critique q c. Cette approche est etendue au cas de modeles de spins ou l'interaction est antiferromagnetique. On montre comment il est possible de prendre en compte des effets sensibles lies a la structure du reseau et on etend cette approche au cas d'une interaction antiferromagnetique a longue portee en considerant le gaz de coulomb defini sur reseau.
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Cépas, Olivier. "Effets des anisotropies de spins dans les oxydes de basse dimension." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE10193.
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Les oxydes modeles de basse dimension, comme les composes de spins 1/2 cugeo 3, srcu 2(bo 3) 2 ou nav 2o 5, soulevent de nombreuses questions sur la nature de l'antiferromagnetisme de la phase basse-temperature, desordonne par les fluctuations quantiques. Cette these porte sur la description theorique des proprietes magnetiques de ces composes, en lien avec les nombreux resultats experimentaux. En particulier, des resultats inattendus ont ete observes dans deux experiences originales : effet de rotation de la polarisation dans une experience de diffusion inelastique de neutrons et transitions optiques interdites. Pour expliquer ces effets, nous avons ete amenes a considerer des interactions anisotropes entre spins comme l'interaction de dzyaloshinski-moriya. Nous avons etudie les effets de cette interaction dans les systemes quantiques sans ordre magnetique et explique la structure fine de l'excitation triplet observee dans srcu 2(bo 3) 2. L'effet de rotation de polarisation permet d'etudier les interferences entre excitations magnetiques et phonons et est intimement lie a la presence d'anisotropie. Nous avons etabli les regles de selection dans le cadre d'une theorie perturbative dans le couplage spin-phonon et compare avec les resultats experimentaux. De meme, nous avons etudie les regles de selection des transitions optiques, en examinant non seulement l'effet de l'operateur dipolaire magnetique, mais aussi celui de l'operateur dipolaire electrique en generalisant la theorie de fleury-loudon. L'ordre de grandeur de l'interaction de dzyaloshinski-moriya - statique et dynamique - a ete reconsidere pour la geometrie de ces composes sur la base de la theorie du superechange. Nous avons montre qu'elle pouvait devenir, de facon etonnante a priori, plus grande que l'echange principal.
Books on the topic "Lens spans"
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Verstraten, Peter. Dutch Post-war Fiction Film through a Lens of Psychoanalysis. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463725330.
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Dutch Post-war Fiction Film through a Lens of Psychoanalysis is a sequel to Humour and Irony in Dutch Post-war Fiction Film (AUP, 2016), but the two studies can be read separately. Because of the sheer variety of Fons Rademakers’ oeuvre, which spans ‘art’ cinema and cult, genre film and historical epics, each chapter will start with one of his titles to introduce a key concept from psychoanalysis. It is an oft-voiced claim that Dutch cinema strongly adheres to realism, but this idea is put into perspective by using psychoanalytic theories on desire and fantasy. In the vein of cinephilia, this study brings together canonical titles (Als twee druppels water; Soldaat van Oranje) and little gems (Monsieur Hawarden; Kracht). It juxtaposes among others Gluckauf and De vliegende Hollander (on father figures); Flanagan and Spoorloos (on rabbles and heroes); De aanslag and Leedvermaak (on historical traumas); and Antonia and Bluebird (on aphanisis).
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Tang, Man-Chung. The Story of the Koror Bridge. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/cs001.
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<p>Koror Babeldaob Bridge, also called Koror Babelthuap Bridge or simply Koror Bridge, connects the islands of Koror and Babeldaob in the Republic of Palau. The design of the bridge began in 1974 and was based on the prevailing AASHO Standard Specifications at that time and was supplemented by ACI and CEB-FIP design recommendations on an as-needed basis. When the Koror Bridge was opened to traffic in April 1977, it was the world's longest concrete girder span. A few years later, the bridge began to deflect more than had been anticipated. The owner commissioned a Japanese engineering firm in 1985 and then a US engineering firm in 1993 to conduct in-depth investigations of the structure. Both firms came to the same conclusion that the bridge was structurally safe and that the excessive deflection was an unexplainable phenomenon. Nevertheless, in order to improve the driving quality of the bridge deck, the owner decided to repair the bridge. The repair scheme made changes to the structural system and added a large amount of post-tensioning force to the bridge. Unfortunately, less than three months after the repair, late in the afternoon on 26 September, 1996,nineteen and a half years after it was opened to traffic, the bridge collapsed. Thereafter, most of the documents were sealed as a result of litigation between the various parties and the debris was cleared. For a long time, it was impossible to study the facts surrounding the bridge's collapse. Only recently, through continuous probing by a group of engineers, were these documents made accessible to researchers.</p>
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Hidden messages: Representation and resistance in Andean colonial drama. Lewisburg, PA: Bucknell University Press, 1999.
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Schwadron, Hannah. Hello, Gorgeous, and the Historical Lens. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190624194.003.0003.
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This chapter celebrates a performance history in the United States of Jewish female physical comedy that spans nearly a century of gender and humor radicalism. It moves from early twentieth-century performances of the Red Hot Mamas Sophie Tucker, Fanny Brice, and Betty Boop to touring acts, movie dance scenes, and comedy sketches of the late 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s, including spotlights on Barbra Streisand, Gilda Radner, Bette Midler, and Madeline Kahn. Specific performances showcase how these giants of comedy staged critical responses to Jewish race and class assimilation in the context of women’s liberation movements, establishing foundational techniques of today’s Sexy Jewess spectacle.
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Del Socorro Castañeda-Liles, María. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190280390.003.0010.
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The Conclusion focuses on a theme that spans across all the chapters of the book and offers a more extensive definition of what the author calls Mexican Catholic imagination. The chapter discusses the broader implications this study has for the advancement of the study of lived religion, feminist research, and pastoral work. The author also proposes the concept of (fe)minism as a useful theoretical lens to understand what religious beliefs and social circumstances propel women to exercise their agency on behalf of themselves and their children. Finally, the author suggests a series of questions to consider for further development of Our Lady of Guadalupe studies.
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Mouvement féministe et droit de vote en Bolivie. Teseo, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.55778/ts956186601.
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<p><em>Mouvement féministe et droit de vote en Bolivie (1920-1952) </em>est un travail pionnier qui a<span>nalyse les organisations féministes en Bolivie au cours de la période 1920-1952, depuis leur émergence jusqu’à l’obtention du droit de vote en 1952. Il étudie</span> comment leurs modes d’organisation, leurs stratégies d’action, et la priorité donnée à certains objectifs se sont modifiés en fonction du contexte social et politique dans lequel elles se sont développées.</p><p>Il étudie ainsi l’évolution et les transformations du mouvement féministe au cours d’un contexte mouvementé: <span>les années 1920, marquées par l’émergence et le développement des organisations féministes ; les années 1930, <span>celles de la guerre du Chaco contre le Paraguay (1932-1935) <span>qui ont entraîné des bouleversements sociaux, politiques et culturels porteurs de conséquences importantes concernant la condition des femmes et le mouvement féministe; et enfin, les années 1940 à 1952, celles de la première participation des femmes à la vie politique à travers les élections municipales et l’intégration des femmes au parti politique qui mena à bien la </span></span></span><span><span> révolution qui aboutit, en 1952, au renversement de l’oligarchie en place. </span></span></p>
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Raumschiff Enterprise: Spock, Messias : Science Fiction Abenteuer / Theodore Cogswell ; Charles A. Spano. Aus d. Amerikan. übertr. von Leni Sobez. München: Goldmann, 1990.
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Hirst, Andrew G. Zooplankton Productivity. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199233267.003.0004.
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Zooplankton is a term used to describe the heterotrophic plankton, including both metazoans (multicellular animals) and single-celled protozoa such as ciliates and flagellates. Zooplankton encompass a great diversity of phyla, with an array of life history and ecological traits. Their body size spans over more than 15 orders of magnitude, and include species with a life cycle of less than a day to many years. This chapter describes the productivity of zooplankton. It first discusses the importance of determining life history and vital rates of zooplankton. It then examines the major ways in which growth and secondary production rates are determined. Finally, it explores mechanistic and empirical frameworks to predict what controls these rates and why.
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Martin, Charles. Le statut du jeu vidéo en droit international. Teseo, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55778/ts981762948.
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<p>Le jeu vidéo est devenu l’un des médias de divertissement les plus prolifiques de notre époque au tournant du nouveau millénaire. Malgré son importance, la qualification juridique de l’œuvre vidéoludique est ambiguë et un travail reste à faire pour cerner sa nature en droit. La présente étude aborde les interrogations liées aux jeux vidéo sous l’angle du débat commerce – culture en droit international et reconnaît que celui-ci comporte une dimension culturelle au sens de la <i>Conventionde 2005</i>de l’UNESCO. Ces caractéristiques uniques font en sorte que le jeu vidéo est bien plus qu’un simple objet de divertissement et bénéficie du cadre juridique réservé aux produits culturels considérés comme des expressions culturelles au titre de l’instrument de l’UNESCO.Par ailleurs, l’industrie du jeu vidéo, hautement subventionné par les États exportateurs, est confrontée aux règles du système commercial multilatéral de<span>l’OMC</span>. Si les composantes culturelles confèrent un statut particulier au jeu vidéo, cela n’est pasgarant d’un traitement spécifique en droit international économique à l’instar des autres produits culturels dans ce bras de fer opposant commerce et culture. Bien que les règles de l’OMC puissent être un frein au développement national du jeu vidéo, la véritable problématique réside dans la qualification réservée au jeu vidéo entre les notions de bien et de service qui en appellent à deux régimes juridiques distincts.</p>
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Page, Michael R. All the Lives He Led. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039652.003.0001.
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This book chronicles the work of Frederik Pohl, one of the leading figures in the field of science fiction (SF). Pohl's literary output spans nine decades from his poem “Elegy to a Dead Planet: Luna,” published in 1937, to his final book, All the Lives He Led, and The Way the Future Blogs. In between he wrote novels, short stories, story collections, and nonfiction books; edited anthologies and SF magazine issues; and wrote countless essays, editorials, and reviews. The book examines how Pohl's publishing activity and his work as a literary agent in the late 1940s and early 1950s shaped the SF field. It also considers the role played by Pohl in the development of SF as a more or less respectable area of academic study and in the creation and development of SF fandom.
Book chapters on the topic "Lens spans"
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Bobel, Chris. "Introduction: Menstruation as Lens—Menstruation as Opportunity." In The Palgrave Handbook of Critical Menstruation Studies, 1–6. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0614-7_1.
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Abstract The field of critical menstruation studies is burgeoning. And so this Handbook arrives just in time to capture a robust and carefully curated view of where we are now and where we might go next. But it is 2020, and menstruation is as old as humanity itself. Why is this the first handbook to bring together this body of knowledge? To state the obvious, menstruation and more broadly, the menstrual cycle are often dismissed and derided. The same goes for menopause, at the further end of the reproductive life span.
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Zechmeister, Christoph, Serban Bodea, Niccolo Dambrosio, and Achim Menges. "Design for Long-Span Core-Less Wound, Structural Composite Building Elements." In Impact: Design With All Senses, 401–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29829-6_32.
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Vaillant, George E. "Life History Research in Psychopathology is Like a Dog Walking on Its Hind Legs or Discussion of Chapters 12–15." In Life-Span Research on the Prediction of Psychopathology, 247–49. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003165187-18.
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Carson, Dean B., Doris A. Carson, Per Axelsson, Peter Sköld, and Gabriella Sköld. "Disruptions and Diversions: The Demographic Consequences of Natural Disasters in Sparsely Populated Areas." In The Demography of Disasters, 81–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49920-4_5.
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Abstract The Eight Ds model (Carson and Carson 2014) explains the unique characteristics of human and economic geography for sparsely populated areas (SPAs) as disconnected, discontinuous, diverse, detailed, dynamic, distant, dependent and delicate. According to the model, SPAs are subject to dramatic changes in demographic characteristics that result from both identifiable black swan events and less apparent tipping points in longer-term processes of demographic change (Carson et al. 2011). The conceptual foundations for this assertion are clear. Populations in SPAs can experience large and long-term impacts on the overall demographic structure as a result of decisions by a relatively small number of people. High levels of migration and mobility cause constant shifts in the demographic profile and prime SPAs to adapt to many different demographic states (Carson and Carson 2014). The Northern Territory of Australia, for example, experienced previously unseen waves of pre-retirement aged migrants in the past decade or so (Martel et al. 2013) as evidence of detailed but important changes to past trends. However, while dramatic demographic changes are conceptually possible and occasionally observable, there have been few attempts to examine the conditions under which such changes are likely to occur or not to occur. This is an important question particularly in relation to black swan events such as natural disasters because effective disaster management policy and planning is at least partially dependent on understanding who is affected and in what ways (Bird et al. 2013).
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Garbaruk, A., S. Leicher, C. Mockett, P. Spalart, M. Strelets, and F. Thiele. "Evaluation of Time Sample and Span Size Effects in DES of Nominally 2D Airfoils beyond Stall." In Progress in Hybrid RANS-LES Modelling, 87–99. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14168-3_7.
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Schultz, Lisen, Simon West, and Cláudia Florêncio. "Nurturing Adaptive Governance Through Environmental Monitoring: People, Practices, Politics in the Kruger to Canyons Biosphere Region, South Africa." In Knowledge for Governance, 293–318. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47150-7_13.
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AbstractAdaptive governance is an approach that can potentially help societies navigate uncertainty, change, and surprise, as well as issues that span sectors and scales. In this chapter, we use this concept to refer to flexible and learning-based collaborations and decision-making processes involving both state and non-state actors, with the aim to adaptively negotiate and coordinate management of social-ecological issues. We identify critical questions in the adaptive governance literature and provide an empirical contribution to these. We draw on a case study of the Kruger to Canyons Biosphere Region in South Africa, focusing on the people, practices, and politics involved with adaptive governance in the Global South. Our findings illustrate that the practices of generating knowledge, sharing information, collaborating, and responding to change are shaped by the navigation of tensions between diverse values, norms, and routines. A lens of people, practices, and politics highlights adaptive governance as situated and involving agency, meaning, and creativity.
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Takeda, Shiro. "The Competitiveness Issue of the Japanese Economy Under Carbon Pricing: A Computable General Equilibrium Analysis of 2050." In Economics, Law, and Institutions in Asia Pacific, 181–96. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6964-7_10.
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Abstract Using a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model, this paper investigates the impact of carbon regulations on the Japanese economy. We use an 11-sector, 15-region global dynamic CGE model with a time span from 2011 to 2050. We assume that Japan (along with other developed regions) reduces CO2 emissions by 80% by 2050 and analyze the impact on the Japanese economy. In particular, we consider multiple scenarios of CO2 reduction rates in less developed regions and analyze how changes in CO2 reduction in these regions affect Japan. In addition, we also consider multiple scenarios of the use of a border adjustment policy and analyze its impact. Our simulation results are summarized as follows. First, an 80% CO2 reduction in Japan generates large negative impacts on the Japanese economy in terms of both the macroeconomy and individual sectors. Second, changes in the reduction rates in less developed regions have only a small impact on Japan. Third, the use of border adjustment in Japan has a small impact on the GDP and welfare of Japan overall but a large impact on output in the energy intensive sectors. When future climate change policies in Japan are discussed, much attention is usually paid to climate policy in less developed regions. However, the second result of our analysis suggests that climate change policy in less developed regions has only a small impact on Japan. In addition, the third result indicates that the effectiveness of border adjustment is limited.
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Rolfo, S., and A. Revell. "Effect of Span-Wise Resolution for LES of Flow Over a Rotating Cylinder at High Reynolds Number." In Direct and Large-Eddy Simulation IX, 479–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14448-1_61.
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Fabbris, Luigi, and Paolo Feltrin. "Measuring the movement between employment and self-employment: a survey proposal." In Proceedings e report, 65–70. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-304-8.14.
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The study concerns the following issues: 1) basic definitions (traditional craftsmanship and commercial work, self-employment, freelance jobs, learned professions, etc.); 2) analysis of the sources on, and the organizations representing the workers of the self-employment compound; 3) medium-to-long term analysis of the main components of the self-employment compound and of the occupation in self-employment companies. We examined various statistical sources on self-employment in Italy, a category including about 5.5 million workers, according to official estimates. We examined the yearly data of the time span from 2009 to 2019, with a concept about 2020, the Covid-19 year. In the examined period, we highlighted a dramatic reduction at employment entry of younger cohorts of less educated people (about one million people), just partly compensated by an increase of new entries of aged and highly educated people. The study concludes with a proposal of a set of questions on self-employment that could be used to adjust the specific part of the questionnaire used by Istat for the survey on the Italian labour forces.
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Boldrin, Luca, Giovanni Paolo Sellitto, and Jaak Tepandi. "TOOP Trust Architecture." In The Once-Only Principle, 126–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79851-2_7.
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AbstractWhile information security nowadays represents a core concern for any organization, Trust Management is usually less elaborated and is only important when two or more organizations cooperate towards a common objective. The overall Once-Only Principle Project (TOOP) architecture relies on the concept of trusted sources of information and on the existence of a secure exchange channel between the Data Providers and the Data Consumers in this interaction framework. Trust and information security are two cross-cutting concerns of paramount importance. These two concerns are overlapping, but not identical and they span all of the interoperability layers, from the legal down to the technical, passing through organizational and semantic layers. While information security aims at the preservation of confidentiality, integrity and availability of information, trust establishment guarantees that the origin and the destination of the data and documents are authentic (authenticity) and trustworthy (trustworthiness), and that data and documents are secured against any modification by untrusted parties (integrity). In this chapter, the TOOP Trust Architecture is presented, starting from a simple abstract model of interaction between two agents down to the detailed end-to-end trust establishment architecture, modeled onto the Toop Reference Architecture presented in the previous chapter.
Conference papers on the topic "Lens spans"
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Raposo, Celso, Olav Fyrileiv, and Antonio Pereira. "On the Challenges With Pipeline Free Spans in Operational Phase." In ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2014-23403.
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Free span assessment has more and more become an important part of modern pipeline design. The reason for this is partly that the remaining hydrocarbon reservoirs are located in more challenging places, e.g. with very uneven seabed. Another explanation is that the pipeline design codes a few decades ago did not allow for vibrating free spans, while the modern, state-of-the-art pipeline codes, such as DNV-OS-F101 “Submarine Pipeline Systems” (2013) and its Recommended Practices, opens for long spans that are allowed to vibrate as long as the structural integrity is ensured. In presence of non-cohesive soils and high on-bottom flow velocities significant free span development may occur over the design life, e.g. due to scouring. Such spans may be associated with a fatigue life capacity less than the design life if the spans are assumed stationary. For non-stationary spans with occasional long span lengths this may not be true since the criticality is strongly linked to the persistence of long spans and the prevailing environmental condition. A realistic fatigue assessment must account for the history of the span (i.e. stress cycles encountered for a critical weld) including predictions into the future development. High costs related to span intervention puts focus on minimizing these costs while still ensuring integrity of the pipeline with respect to vortex induced vibrations (VIV) and associated fatigue damage. On the other hand the potential costs related to fatigue failure of a pipeline (recovery costs, economical loss and environmental consequences) are enormous. Therefore it is essential to ensure that the probability of failure for free spans is within acceptable limits. One frequent challenge faced with old pipelines in operations survey reports are that they report several free spans. Old pipelines were not designed to allow any vibration and usually there is scanty information about different parameters such as soil conditions, operational parameters, lay tension, environmental data, etc., thus it’s difficult to determine whether it’s necessary to intervene the span or not. State-of-the-art free span codes are deterministic in their nature. If the new codes are used to evaluate such old pipeline spans, considering all the before mentioned uncertainties in the input parameters, this would eventually lead to over conservative very low time to failures. The outcome will be that many spans need to be fixed immediately or should have failed already. Such a situation leads to a mistaken conclusion about the conservatism of the codes and not on the way they were applied. This paper discusses some of the challenges often seen with free spans during the operational phase. The objective of the paper is to demonstrate that for in-service pipelines the lack of reliable information about the free spans is the main source of commonly low life encountered and not the methodology used to evaluate the free span. Some of these challenges are discussed in detail and potential ways forward are outlined.
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Atature, Mete. "Quantum-Dot Spins and Cavity QED." In 2006 IEEE LEOS Annual Meeting. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/leos.2006.278954.
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Fagley, Casey, Stefan G. Siegel, Jürgen Seidel, and Christian Schmittner. "3D Efficiency Analysis of Cycloidal Wave Energy Converters in Oblique Wave Fields." In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-10876.
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Numerical results from a 3D diffraction model are presented where a Cycloidal Wave Energy Converter (CycWEC) is interacting with an incoming straight crested Airy Wave. The diffraction model was developed in response to experimental observations from 1:10 scale experiments which were conducted in the Texas A&M Offshore Technology Research center wave basin. These experiments were the first investigations involving a CycWEC where three dimensional wave diffraction effects were present due to the fact that the span of the CycWEC was much smaller than the width of the basin. The diffraction model predicted the observed surface wave patterns in the experiment well, and showed that diffraction induced wave focusing increased the recoverable wave power beyond the 2D predictions for small CycWEC spans, while approaching the 2D limit for very large spans. The numerical model was subsequently used to estimate the sensitivity of the CycWEC to misalignment between the incoming waves and the WEC shaft. The loss in efficiency was found to be strongly dependent on the ratio between WEC span and incoming wavelength, where short spans (on the order of one wave length or less) which are realistic for actual ocean deployment showed only minor reductions in efficiency, while very long spans were found to be more sensitive to misalignment.
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Pereira, Antonio, Carlos Bomfimsilva, Luciano Franco, Luciano Tardelli, and Uwa Eigbe. "In-Place Free Span Assessment Using Finite Element Analysis." In ASME 2008 27th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2008-57272.
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The DNV RP 105 standard provides guidelines for evaluating the fatigue damage of pipelines over free spans, where guidance is provided for calculating the approximate Vortex Induced Vibration (VIV) response, considering the pipe properties, the span geometry, the pipe-soil interaction and the effective axial force. The approximate response models are limited, however, to single spans with leveled shoulders, short length, i.e. span lengths less than 140 times the pipe diameter, and bar buckling not influencing the pipeline dynamic response. To overcome these limitations, specifically for “long” spans and multi-spanning pipelines, RP F105 recommends that eigen-value analysis be performed using Finite Element (FE) method to calculate the natural frequencies, mode shapes and corresponding stresses associated with the mode shapes considered for VIV fatigue assessment. In this sense, a methodology and suite of Finite Element (FE) based tools for multi-mode/multi-span VIV fatigue assessment have been developed. The FE methodology accounts for the initial static equilibrium configuration of the pipeline in the as-laid condition followed by application of the subsequent load steps, such as flooding, hydrotesting, dewatering, start-up, etc. It also considers the non-linearity of the seabed stiffness and the effect of geometric non-linearity/large deflections on the dynamic response of the pipeline. In addition, the FE approach allows the determination of the dynamic response at every location of the free span for the different mode shapes and hence offers the ability to calculate the distributed fatigue damage along the spanning section of the pipeline instead of assuming all damage occurring at a single location. The methodology was applied in recent projects to allow for a better estimate of the requirements for free span correction with significant cost savings anticipated. The proposed methodology also has the potential for post-lay assessment of the pipelines and for through-life in-service assessment of existing pipelines, where new free spans are often observed during inspection due to soil movements along the lifetime of the pipeline. This paper addresses the in-place FE methodology, the validation process and the tools that were developed to speed up the fatigue assessment procedure, which is a key factor especially when analyzing post-lay survey in real-time for determination of requirements for free span correction in the field.
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Vedeld, Knut, Håvar Sollund, and Olav Fyrileiv. "Recent Advances in Pipeline Free Span Design: A New Revision of DNV-RP-F105." In ASME 2016 35th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2016-55010.
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Pipeline free span design has evolved from basic avoidance criteria in the DNV ’76 rules [1], to fatigue and ultimate limit state considerations in Guideline no. 14 [2]. Modern multimode, multi-span free span design is predominantly performed according to DNV-RP-F105 [3]. In 2006, the latest revision of DNV-RP-F105 [3] was written as a direct result of extensive research, performed due to significant free span challenges in the Ormen Lange pipeline project. DNV-RP-F105 was at the time, and still is, the only pipeline design code giving contemporary design guidance for vortex induced vibrations (VIV) and direct wave loading design for pipelines in free spans. The last revision of DNV-RP-F105 included a few, but highly important advances, particularly the consideration for multi-mode and multi-span pipeline dynamic response behavior. In the 10 years that have followed, no breakthroughs of similar magnitude have been achieved for pipeline free spans, but a large number of incremental improvements to existing calculation methods, and some novel advances in less critical aspects of VIV understanding have been made. As a result, DNV-RP-F105 has recently been revised to account for these advances, which include improved frequency-domain analyses of wave-induced fatigue, a new response model for cross-flow VIV in low Keulegan-Carpenter (KC) regimes in pure waves, new analytical methods for dynamic response calculations of short spans in harsh conditions, and extensive guidance on how to apply the recommended practice for assessment of fatigue and extreme environmental load effects on curved structural members such as spools, jumpers and manifold flexloops. This paper gives an overview of most of the important changes and updates to the new revision of DNV-RP-F105. Case studies are used to demonstrate the importance and effects of the changes made, and to some extent how the revision of DNV-RP-F105 can enhance its applicability and ease of use.
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Lee, Joon Ho, and In Yeung Kim. "A Less-Conservative Approach to Simplified Seismic Analysis for Small Bore Nuclear Piping System." In ASME 2014 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2014-28183.
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Per guidelines for piping system reconciliation such as EPRI NP-6628 (NCIG-14), simplified seismic design methods have been used by nuclear piping designers to deal with small bore piping for many years. These methods are generally based on enveloping the results of rigorous dynamic or conservative static analysis. Small bore piping is generally more flexible with larger margin in support design comparing to large bore piping. Consequently, Classes 2 & 3 piping less than 2-1/2 inch NPS that is analyzed by a conservative “cookbook method” is excluded from the as-built verification actions in IE Bulletin 79-14. The ASME code’s Subsection NF and B31.1 provide recommended pipe spans by pipe size considering only piping weight; therefore, the seismically qualified piping span must be developed for the peak acceleration of the applicable amplified or floor response spectra. Simplified seismic analysis method being considered for the Korean nuclear power plants is based on the Load Coefficient Method provided in Appendix N-1225 of ASME Section III. However, since the simplified analysis method involves conservative and enveloping approach in an effort to comply with applicable requirements and results in an excessive number of supports and unrealistically high support loads, the successful implementation largely depends on how the issues related to the excessive conservatism are resolved when determining allowable pipe spans and support design loads of the piping system. In this paper, simplified engineering equations are presented as a less-conservative approach based on a detailed computer analysis method, which is alternative to the various handbooks and design charts that are based on the conventional hand calculation method.
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Bhalla, Kenneth, and Lixin Gong. "Managing Vortex Induced Vibration in Well Jumper Systems." In ASME 2008 27th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2008-57026.
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The purpose of this paper is to present a method that has been developed to identify if vortex induced vibration (VIV) occurs in well jumper systems. Moreover, a method has been developed to determine when VIV mitigation measures such as strakes are required. The method involves determining the in-plane and out-of-plane natural frequencies and mode shapes. The natural frequencies are then used, in conjunction with the maximum bottom current expected at a given location to determine if suppression is required. The natural frequency of a jumper system is a function of many variables, e.g. span length, leg height, pipe diameter and thickness, buoyancy placement, buoyancy uplift, buoyancy OD, insulation thickness, and contents of the jumper. The suppression requirement is based upon calculating a lower bound lock-in current speed based upon an assumed velocity bandwidth centered about the lock-in current. The out-of-plane VIV cross-flow response is produced by a current in the plane of the jumper; whereas the in-plane VIV cross-flow response is produced by the out-of-plane current. Typically, the out-of-plane natural frequency is smaller than the in-plane natural frequency. Jumpers with small spans have higher natural frequencies; thus small span jumpers may require no suppression or suppression on the vertical legs. Whereas, larger span jumpers may require no suppression, suppression on the vertical legs or suppression on all the legs. The span of jumper systems (i.e. production, water injection, gas lift/injection ...) may vary in one given field; it has become apparent that not all jumper systems require suppression. This technique has allowed us to recognize when certain legs of a given jumper system may require suppression, thus leading to a jumper design whose safety is not compromised while in the production mode, as well as minimizing downtime and identifying potential savings from probable fatigue failures.
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Hval, Morten, and Trond Lamvik. "Fatigue Performance of Submarine Pipeline Girth Welds Installed by S-Lay and Reeling." In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-11163.
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Submarine pipelines installed on very uneven sea bottom usually results in many long free spans. If the free spans are above a certain length the pipeline will be subjected to vortex induced vibration (VIV) caused by sea currents or wave motions transverse to the pipeline direction. The onset and level of VIV will depend on several factors such as pipe dimensions and submerged weight, current velocity, seabed soil properties and span boundary condition. For uneven sea bottom, seabed intervention may be very costly if there are many high free spans that are longer than what is acceptable with respect to fatigue. There is obviously a possible economical benefit if longer free spans can be accepted due to improved fatigue performance, which may result in less intervention work by either excavation, trenching or rock/mechanical supports. This paper will summarize results from a comprehensive full scale fatigue test program that has been performed in order to verify potential enhanced fatigue design parameters of high quality pipeline welds compared to standard fatigue design parameters according to DNV-RP-C203. The testing included pipe dimensions from 6 to 16 inch OD, and tests were performed on both as welded pipes and pipes subjected to simulated reeling strains. In addition to normal welds, also welds with deliberately introduced weld defects/weld indications, maximum acceptable axial misalignment and repaired welds were tested. The test results were compared with similar recommended design parameters for pipeline girth welds. Furthermore, the effect of reeling, weld residual stresses, weld defect and repair will be presented and discussed.
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Guerrero, Ricardo Jose Sta Maria, Alan Murray, and Edoardo Charbon. "Photoluminescence Lifetime Sensor Pixels using SPADs and Silicon LEDs in Commercial CMOS." In 2019 IEEE SENSORS. IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sensors43011.2019.8956921.
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Ferris, Gerald, Sarah Newton, and Minh Ho. "Watercourse Crossing Program: 10 Years Performance." In ASME-ARPEL 2019 International Pipeline Geotechnical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipg2019-5314.
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Abstract Plains Midstream Canada (PMC) completes a watercourse crossing program as part of its overall integrity management program. The approximately 9,900 kilometers of operating and discontinued pipelines are evaluated within the watercourse crossing program. The pipelines are located throughout the Canadian Provinces of Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba and Ontario. The terrain traversed ranges from relatively steep near the Rocky Mountains to extremely flat in northern Alberta and Southern Ontario. Since 2008, PMC’s systematic watercourse crossing program has evolved and now consists of approximately 5,000 individual watercourse crossings. The bankfull width of the watercourses ranges from less than 1 m for intermittent streams to more than 700 m at major rivers. The watercourse crossing program is subjected to a continuous improvement process, with a focus on key learnings from pipeline failures, free spans and exposure. This paper describes the results from the program over the last 10 years and highlights program improvements. In addition, data from a failure and three free spans on the pipelines now owned by PMC, but where the exposure, free span or failure occurred prior to PMC purchasing the pipelines were added to expand the available data for the key learnings.
Reports on the topic "Lens spans"
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Kvalbein, Astrid. Wood or blood? Norges Musikkhøgskole, August 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.22501/nmh-ar.481278.
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Wood or Blood? New scores and new sounds for voice and clarinet Astrid Kvalbein and Gjertrud Pedersen, Norwegian Academy of Music What is this thing called a score, and how do we relate to it as performers, in order to realize a musical work? This is the fundamental question of this exposition. As a duo we have related to scores in a variety of ways over the years: from the traditional reading and interpreting of sheet music of works by distant (some dead) composers, to learning new works in dialogue with living composers and to taking part in the creative processes from the commissioning of a work to its premiere and beyond. This reflective practice has triggered many questions: could the score for instance be conceptualized as a contract, in which some elements are negotiable and others are not? Where two equal parts, the performer(s) and the composer might have qualitatively different assignments on how to realize the music? Finally: might reflecting on such questions influence our interpretative practices? To shed light on these issues, we take as examples three works from our recent repertoire: Ragnhild Berstad’s Vevtråd (Weaving thread, 2010), Jan Martin Smørdal’s The Lesser Nighthawk (2012) and Lene Grenager’s Tre eller blod (Wood or blood, 2005). We will share – attempt to unfold – some of the experiences gained from working with this music, in close collaboration and dialogue with the composers. Observing the processes from a certain temporal distance, we see how our attitudes as a duo has developed over a longer span of time, into a more confident 'we'.
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Kirby, Stefan M., J. Lucy Jordan, Janae Wallace, Nathan Payne, and Christian Hardwick. Hydrogeology and Water Budget for Goshen Valley, Utah County, Utah. Utah Geological Survey, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.34191/ss-171.
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Goshen Valley contains extensive areas of agriculture, significant wetlands, and several small municipalities, all of which rely on both groundwater and surface water. The objective of this study is to characterize the hydrogeology and groundwater conditions in Goshen Valley and calculate a water budget for the groundwater system. Based on the geologic and hydrologic data presented in this paper, we delineate three conceptual groundwater zones. Zones are delineated based on areas of shared hydrogeologic, geochemical, and potentiometric characteristics within the larger Goshen Valley. Groundwater in Goshen Valley resides primarily in the upper basin fill aquifer unit (UBFAU) and lower carbonate aquifer unit (LCAU) hydrostratigraphic units. Most wells in Goshen Valley are completed in the UBFAU, which covers much of the valley floor. The UBFAU is the upper part of the basin fill, which is generally less than 1500 feet thick in Goshen Valley. Important spring discharge at Goshen Warm Springs issues from the LCAU. Relatively impermeable volcanic rocks (VU) occur along much of the upland parts of the southern part of Goshen Valley. Large sections of the southwest part of the Goshen Valley basin boundary have limited potential for interbasin flow. Interbasin groundwater flow is likely at several locations including the Mosida Hills and northern parts of Long Ridge and Goshen Gap in areas underlain by LCAU. Depth to groundwater in Goshen Valley ranges from at or just below the land surface to greater than 400 feet. Groundwater is within 30 feet of the land surface near and north of Goshen, in areas of irrigated pastures and wetlands that extend east toward Long Ridge and Goshen Warm Springs, and to the north towards Genola. Groundwater movement is from upland parts of the study area toward the valley floor and Utah Lake. Long-term water-level change is evident across much of Goshen Valley, with the most significant decline present in conceptual zone 2 and the southern part of conceptual zone 1. The area of maximum groundwater-level decline—over 50 feet—is centered a few miles south of Elberta in conceptual zone 2. Groundwater in Goshen Valley spans a range of chemistries that include locally high total dissolved solids and elevated nitrate and arsenic concentrations and varies from calcium-bicarbonate to sodium-chloride-type waters. Overlap in chemistry exists in surface water samples from Currant Creek, the Highline Canal, and groundwater. Stable isotopes indicate that groundwater recharges from various locations that may include local recharge, from the East Tintic Mountains, or far-traveled groundwater recharged either in Cedar Valley or east of the study area along the Wasatch Range. Dissolved gas recharge temperatures support localized recharge outside of Goshen. Most groundwater samples in Goshen Valley are old, with limited evidence of recent groundwater recharge. An annual water budget based on components of recharge and discharge yields total recharge of 32,805 acre-ft/yr and total discharge of 35,750 acre-ft/yr. Most recharge is likely from interbasin flow and lesser amounts from precipitation and infiltration of surface water. Most discharge is from well water withdrawal with minor spring discharge and groundwater evapotranspiration. Water-budget components show discharge is greater than recharge by less than 3000 acreft/yr. This deficit or change in storage is manifested as longterm water-level decline in conceptual zone 2, and to a lesser degree, in conceptual zone 1. The primary driver of discharge in conceptual zone 2 is well withdrawal. Conceptual zone 3 is broadly in balance across the various sources of recharge and discharge, and up to 1830 acre-ft/yr of water may discharge from conceptual zone 3 into Utah Lake. Minimal groundwater likely flows to Utah Lake from zones 1 or 2.
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Rine, Kristin, Roger Christopherson, and Jason Ransom. Harlequin duck (Histrionicus histrionicus) occurrence and habitat selection in North Cascades National Park Service Complex, Washington. National Park Service, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2293127.
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Harlequin ducks (Histrionicus histrionicus) are sea ducks that migrate inland each spring to nest along fast-flowing mountain streams. They are considered one of the most imperiled duck species in North America and occur in two distinct populations on the Atlantic and Pacific coasts. The Pacific coast population includes Washington State, where harlequin ducks breed in the Olympic, Cascade, and Selkirk Mountains. This species is designated as a Management Priority Species by the National Park Service within North Cascades National Park Service Complex (NOCA). This report summarizes harlequin duck surveys conducted during 15 years across a 27-year period (1990 and 2017) on major streams within NOCA, and incidental observations collected from 1968–2021. The primary objectives of these surveys were to 1) document the distribution and abundance of harlequin duck observations within NOCA boundaries, 2) describe productivity (number of broods and brood size), 3) describe breeding chronology of harlequin ducks, and 4) describe habitat characteristics of breeding streams. Sixty-eight stream surveys over 15 years resulted in observations of 623 individual harlequin ducks comprising various demographics, including single adults, pairs, and broods. In addition, we collected 184 incidental observations of harlequin ducks from visitors and staff between 1968–2021. Harlequin ducks were observed on 22 separate second- to sixth-order streams throughout NOCA across the entire 53-year span of data, both incidentally and during harlequin duck surveys by Park staff. Harlequin ducks were detected on 8 of the 13 streams that were actively surveyed. Excluding recounts, 88.7% (n = 330) of individual harlequin duck observations during surveys occurred in the Stehekin River drainage. Between all surveys and incidental observations, 135 unpaired females without broods were sighted across all NOCA waterways. Thirty-nine broods were recorded between NOCA surveys and incidental observations, with a mean brood size of 3.61 (± 1.44 SD; range = 2–10). Breeding pairs were recorded as early as April 5 and were seen on streams until June 15, a period of less than seven weeks (median: May 2), but most pairs were observed within a 3-week span, between April 26 and May 17. Single females (unpaired with a male, with (an)other female(s), or with a brood) were observed on streams between April 26 and August 25 (median: July 3), though most observations were made within a 5-week period between June 12 and July 19. Habitat data collected at adult harlequin duck observation sites indicate that the birds often used stream reaches with features that are characteristic of high-energy running water. While adults occupied all instream habitat types identified, non-braided rapids and riffles were used most frequently, followed by pools and backwaters. Larger instream substrate sizes (cobbles and boulders) were present at most observation sites. Adult harlequin ducks were more often found at locations that lacked visible drifting or lodged woody debris, but drift debris was a slightly more abundant debris type. The presence of gravel bars and at least one loafing site was common. Adult harlequin ducks were more often observed in association with vegetation that offered some cover over the channel, but not where banks were undercut. The average channel width at adult observation sites was 34.0 m (range: 6-80 m; n = 114) and 27.6 m (± 15.7 m; range: 10-60 m; n = 12) at brood observation sites. Compared to adult harlequin duck sites, broods were observed more frequently in low velocity habitat (pools, backwaters), but rarely in rapids. Cobble and boulder substrates were still the most dominant substrate type. Contrary to adult ducks, broods were observed most often observed in meandering stream channels, a morphology indicative of low gradient, low velocity stream reaches. Most broods were observed in stream reaches with gravel bars, loafing sites, and...
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Integrated Design Optimization for Long Span Steel Transfer Truss at Redevelopment of Hong Kong Kwong Wah Hospital. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/icass2020.p.365.
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Long-span steel trusses are increasingly used in high-rise buildings to replace reinforced concrete thick transfer plate due to light weight and high load-bearing capacity. To support multi-stories above the steel transfer truss, a comprehensive method based on second-order direct analysis method has been applied for optimization design of long-span steel transfer truss in the Redevelopment of Hong Kong Kwong Wah Hospital (KWH) – Phase 1. In the project, a 35m long-span steel transfer truss is adopted at the 3rd to 5th floors to support the above 15-story reinforced concrete structure. Innovative technologies such as the integrated global and local optimization, the integrated design and construction have been explored and made to achieve better uniformity and harmony in structure. In particular, twin trusses with better structural performance, less fabrication cost and ease of constructability are studied and finally adopted in main trusses to replace original single trusses. The optimal scheme has brought both cost and time saving in fabrication, construction, operation and maintenance stages.