Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Leninism'
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Maloa, Tomé Miranda. "História da economia socialista moçambicana." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8137/tde-10112016-142148/.
Full textThis Master Dissertation objective rescues the aspects that marked the Mozambican economic organization, especially between the years between 1975 and 1986, when FRELIMO (Mozambique Liberation Front) adopted Marxism-Leninism as the model of economic, political and social organization. However, it also makes an aftermath of the aspects related to the Portuguese colonial economic organization, which was later inherited by the first independent government in the country. Specifically, this study is an approach to structural options of the socialist model of development of post-colonial Mozambique until the end of the eighties. Within this process it has developed a centrally planned economy to overcome the inherited colonial capitalism in order to ensure compliance of the State leftist politics with the people\'s interests.
Nercessian, Andy Hagop. "Marxism-Leninism, national identity, and the perception of Armenian music." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.619554.
Full textBruley, Sue. "Leninism, Stalinism, and the women's movement in Britain, 1920-1939." New York : Garland Pub, 1986. http://books.google.com/books?id=Pa7aAAAAMAAJ.
Full textWalker, R. "Soviet Marxism-Leninism and the question of ideology : A critical analysis." Thesis, University of Essex, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380564.
Full textFilho, Celso Ramos Figueiredo. "Partido Operário Comunista (POC): história e memória de uma organização marxista-leninista (1968-1971)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8138/tde-13092016-135537/.
Full textThis thesis is engaged in the Communist Workers Party (POC). It is an organization of the Brazilian radical left active during the so-called \"years of lead\" the Brazilian civil-military dictatorship (1968-1971) on which there is no more detailed academic study. The POC was officially founded at a congress held in April 1968 in São Paulo, with the merger of two previously existing organizations, the Organization Revolutionary Workers Marxist-Policy (POLOP) and the Brazilian Communist Party\'s Leninist Dissent Rio Grande South (DI-RS). The political line adopted by the new party was established by the \"Socialist Program for Brazil\", for which the Brazilian revolution should be socialist, and led by a vanguard party of the working class, who would be the head of a worker-peasant alliance, thickened by revolutionary elements of the petty bourgeoisie. Initially resistant engagement in urban guerrilla actions, the POC sought to channel their efforts to the mass movements that were rising at the time of its foundation. In this sense, he directed militancy to the labor movement of Contagem (MG) and Osasco (SP), where there were important mobilizations that period. The organization also sought to influence the student movement and to this end has created the \"Movement University Critical,\" MUC, also in 1968. In early 1969, with the decline of these movements also due to AI-5, POC acknowledged harvested little fruit of these efforts, especially in the labor movement, where his presence remained sparse. Meanwhile, several organizations of the left were already openly engaged in armed actions, which motivated a double criticism within the POC: ineffectiveness in mass actions, and lack of guerrilla actions. Acids internal discussions began to take place inside, eroding its cohesion. This political infighting process lasted throughout the year 1969, polarizing the \"militarists\" against \"massistas\". mutual exchange of accusations led this group to break with the POC in March 1970 and re-create the old POLOP. Among the remaining militants POC still remained a heated debate around the two key ideas: militarism \"versus\" massismo. One has to say that, sparsely, and always in association with other organizations, the POC had practiced some armed actions aimed at obtaining financial resources. from the mid-1970s, following arrests of militants from militarist organizations, the political police would reach full POC, leading to their being dismantled in Brazil in June 1971. This thesis tried to understand the internal details of a Leninist organization, as well as the routine of militancy amid a repressive environment, supporting the political culture\'s notion of Serge Bernstein. Therefore sought the reports of former party members, through which I got to know his memories of that period.
Johansson, Alexander. "Kommunismens himmelska mandat : Juche som en symbios av marxism-leninism, nationalism och konfucianism." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-374102.
Full textFonseca, Thiago Silva Augusto da. "Hardt, Negri e a organização do desejo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8133/tde-11112015-133853/.
Full textThis dissertation goes to Michael Hardts and Antonio Negris philosophical works in search of possibilities for the organization of struggles against the present state of things, or for the organization of revolutionary struggles. Hardt and Negri develop this subject from a unique approach of Leninism, understood not as some party of vanguard formula but as an adequacy between workers technical and political compositions (or between the way people work and the way they struggle). In this sense, we follow the inquiry Hardt and Negri make on the new forms of production, post-fordist produc-tion to some and biopolitical production to them, resorting to Foucaults terminology. Such production consists on a socialized work that produces that which they call the common. This new paradigm of production takes life itself both as its subject and ob-ject, and its main strength is desire. From this point, the questioning they offer us and that we take as central in this research is: how to organize desire? We follow their tracks on this renewal of Leninism, trying to understand what desire is in order to be organized, and its outcome, i.e., the concept of multitude. Multitude, as organized de-sire, struggles against the present state of things, inside and against a totalizing world market that Hardt and Negri call empire.
Kornreich, Yoel. "Zhang Wentian and the academy of Marxism and Leninism during the pre-rectification period, 1938-1941." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/7556.
Full textNevitt, Christopher Earle. "Markets without democracy, democracy without markets : transformations from Leninism in China and the former-Soviet Union /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC IP addresses, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9804521.
Full textPloetz, Michael. "Troy besieged : Marxism-Leninism in the Second Cold War (1978-1985) - a reconstruction from East German sources." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287579.
Full textSundström, Olle. ""Vildrenen är själv detsamma som en gud" : "gudar" och "andar" i sovjetiska etnografers beskrivningar av samojediska världsåskådningar." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för idé- och samhällsstudier, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1951.
Full textHalíková, Petra. "Ekonomické vzdělávání v padesátých letech 20. století na příkladu Vysoké školy ekonomické v Praze." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-165489.
Full textD'Alonzo, Jacopo. "Trần Đức Thảo’s Theory of Language Origins." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCA096/document.
Full textSeveral thinkers and scientists throughout the philosophical and scientific tradition took up the relationship between cooperation, language, and social cognition. Among them, Trần Đức Thảoʼs (1917–1993) deserves a special mention. The purpose of the following research is to introduce the reader to Thảoʼs philosophical reflection on human language and its evolution. We shall attempt to map out the main lines of Thảoʼs theory of language origins set out in his Recherches sur l’origine du langage et de la conscience (1973) that combines philosophy, linguistics, psychology, and anthropology. The discovery of Marxism-Leninism led Thảo to suggest a materialistic and dialectic approach to the mind-body problem. In this way, Thảo tried to suggest a materialist and historical turn of Husserl’s philosophy of consciousness which was at the very heart of his own first philosophical interests. Thảo’s account threw into sharp relief the social nature of both language and cognition, so that language evolution is linked inextricably to social relations. Such a view depended upon the assumption that labour is an exclusively human characteristic which sets humans apart from animals. And the genesis of language is in human labour. In this way of thinking, language develops among both our pre-human ancestors and present humans in response to problems posed by the material life. Bearing in mind that language arises from the social demands and needs of the material world, language is transformed itself as human society changes. And given the social roots of thought and language, consciousness evolves continuously over time. Within this framework, Thảo wanted to determine the nature of language and its role in pre-historical societies and its making through social relations
Sefrioui, Kenza. "La revue Souffles (1966-1973), espoirs de révolution culturelle au Maroc." Thesis, Paris 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA040079.
Full textThe review Souffles (Breaths), created in 1966 by young poets and artists-painters, was the forum of the literary and cultural avant-garde in Morocco, and had an influence throughout the Maghreb and the Third World. It advocated decolonization of culture in a time when the Moroccan independence was considered unfinished and threatened by neocolonialism. Produced by left-wing intellectuals, it was also a forum of indirect opposition which, by means of culture and symbolic values, constituted a reaction to the traditionalist dictatorship imposed by monarchy. Influenced by the ideologies of its time (Third-World tendency and Marxism-Leninism), it became more and more openly political. Souffles, and especially its version in Arabic, Anfâs, was the review of both organizations of the Moroccan Marxist-Leninist movement : Ilal Amam (Forward) and 23 March. After the arrest of its most active editors in 1972, new series were published by the militants in Paris until 1973. Souffles remained in the collective memory as an important date in the literary and political history of Morocco
Dickson, Bruce J. "Democratization in China and Taiwan : the adaptability of Leninist parties /." Oxford : Oxford university press, 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37319384x.
Full textDu, Plessis Louis Philippus. "Die skenkingsbelasting- en kapitaalwinsbelastingimplikasies van rentevrye lenings." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1010.
Full textNdipnchot, Robert E. "Marxist-Leninist revolutionary development in Benin (1975-1985): an evaluation of philosophical adaptation." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1987. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/3765.
Full textWestdorp, Michelle. "The wrong path : Lenin's disaffection from the revolution /." Title page, contents and introduction only, 1989. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09arw524.pdf.
Full textSaskiewicz, Paul E. "The Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia - People's Army (FARC-EP) : Marxist-Leninist insurgency or criminal Enterprise? /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Dec%5FSaskiewicz.pdf.
Full textThesis Advisor(s): Jeanne Giraldo, Douglas Porch. Includes bibliographical references (p. 119-130). Also available online.
Lundgren, Silje. "You're a useless person : The understanding ofprostitution within a Cuban context of gender equality and machismo-leninismo." Thesis, Dept. of Cultural Anthropology and Ethnology. Uppsala university, Sweden, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-87035.
Full textFreeman, Thomas Elliot. "Lenin's conception of the party : organisational expression of an interventionist Marxism /." Connect to thesis, 1999. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00000223.
Full textLundgren, Silje. "You're a useless person : The understanding of prostitution within a Cuban context of gender equality and machismo-leninismo." Thesis, Uppsala University, Cultural Anthropology, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-3621.
Full textOlsen, Kelly. "Paving the path for success Lenin's political theory in practice, 1902-1917 /." Tallahassee, Florida : Florida State University, 2009. http://etd.lib.fsu.edu/theses/available/etd-11092009-134927/.
Full textAdvisor: Jonathan Grant, Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, Program in Russian and East European Studies. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed on May 26, 2010). Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 58 pages. Includes bibliographical references.
Dreeze, Jonathon Randall. "On the Creation of Gods: Lenin’s Image in Stalin’s Cult of Personality." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1366129547.
Full textPloenus, Michael. "" ... so wichtig wie das tägliche Brot" : das Jenaer Institut für Marxismus-Leninismus : 1945-1990 /." Köln u.a. : Böhlau, 2007. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2958215&prov=M&dokv̲ar=1&doke̲xt=htm.
Full textGottlieb, Christian. "Dilemmas of reaction in Leninist Russia : the Christian response to the Revolution in the works of N.A. Berdyaev, 1917-1924 /." Odense : Portland, OR : University Press of Southern Denmark ; Distributed by International Specialized book Services, 2003. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy045/2004272580.html.
Full textAkulli, Ksenafo. "Education and the Individual: An Exploration of Enver Hoxha’s Philosophy of Education." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1542907739330665.
Full textLarsen, Eric. "Marxism-Leninism's loss of revolutionary momentum : conflict and routinization in the East German State, 1961-1971 /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8863.
Full textSgarbi, Diógenes Pereira. "Uma sinuosa trajetória : O PCB de “Agrarismo e Industrialismo” à “Democracia como valor universal”." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/7659.
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This article debates the main theoretical presumptions which guided the actions of the Brazilian Communist Party (PCB) along over six decades of existence. The objective of the research is to comprehend the historical conceptual elements which affected PCB‘s guidelines throughout the decades. "Agrarismo e Industrialismo", first analytical article written by Octávio Brandão in 1924, marks the beginning of such complex relation between theory and practice at PCB (Brazilian Communist Party), also working as starting point for this thesis. The essay "A Democracia Como Valor Universal", by Carlos Nelson Coutinho, 1979, became the finishing line, for having become an overview of the Marxism interpretative diversification which framed the left-wing‘s way of thought at the time. Therefore, "A Democracia Como Valor Universal" represented a more qualified attempt to justify a country that became compound and the need for the Brazilian Communist Party of dealing with the "democratic matter". Contradictorily, it was one of the symbols of the death of the historical PCB, when the 1980 organic crisis would lead to the foundation of PPS (Popular Socialist Party).
Esta obra discute os principais pressupostos teóricos que nortearam as ações do Partido Comunista Brasileiro em mais de seis décadas de existência. O objetivo da pesquisa é compreender os elementos histórico-conceituais que influíram na construção das linhas orientadoras do PCB ao longo das décadas. Agrarismo e Industrialismo, primeiro texto analítico escrito por Octávio Brandão em 1924, marca o início desta complexa relação entre teoria e prática no PCB, servindo também como ponto de partida desta dissertação. Como ponto de chegada, tomou-se o ensaio A democracia como valor universal, de Carlos Nelson Coutinho, de 1979, por ter se tornado um texto síntese da diversificação interpretativa do marxismo, que marcou o pensamento da esquerda daquele período. Por esse motivo, A democracia representou uma tentativa mais qualificada de explicar um país que se complexificava e a necessidade do PC brasileiro em lidar com a "questão democrática". Contraditoriamente, foi um dos símbolos do início do ocaso do PCB histórico, quando a crise orgânica dos anos 1980 resultaria na fundação do PPS (Partido Popular Socialista).
Marais, Suzanne. "Die beoefening van ‘n bedryf met spesifieke verwysing na die toestaan van lenings deur houermaatskappye aan filiale of geassosieerdes." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/19877.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: In order for a taxpayer to be entitled to a deduction for expenditure actually incurred, the taxpayer must meet the requirements of section 11(a), read with the provisions of sections 23(f) and 23(g). The preamble of section 11 requires that the taxpayer should incur the expenditure in the carrying on of a trade, before it will be deductible. Therefore, taxpayers who do not carry on a trade will not be allowed any deductions for expenditure actually incurred in terms of section 11(a). In the case of a holding company that grants loans to its subsidiaries or associates, there is a general prevailing view that the holding company does not carry on a trade in respect of the loans granted. Therefore it is argued that the holding company is not entitled to any deductions in terms of section 11(a). This study questions the above-mentioned general view by considering case law and the opinions of various tax experts. The question is raised whether the holding company could be regarded as carrying on a trade, and if so, under what circumstances that will be the case. A secondary issue that will be considered is whether the holding company is entitled to deductions in respect of interest expenditure actually incurred. In this regard a distinction is made between moneylenders and non-moneylenders. The writer reaches the conclusion that the definition of “trade” is not all-inclusive, and that the Legislator intended that the term should be interpreted as widely as possible. Therefore, the writer is of the opinion that taxpayers who are not moneylenders could, under certain circumstances, be carrying on a trade in respect of the granting of loans and should thus be entitled to income tax deductions for expenditure incurred.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Vir ‘n belastingpligtige om op ‘n aftrekking vir uitgawes werklik aangegaan, geregtig te wees, moet aan die bepalings van artikel 11(a), saamgelees met dié van artikels 23(f) en 23(g) voldoen word. Die aanhef tot artikel 11 vereis dat ‘n belastingpligtige die uitgawes in die beoefening van ‘n bedryf moet aangaan voordat ‘n aftrekking gëeis kan word. Belastingpligtiges wat dus nie ‘n bedryf beoefen nie, sal op geen aftrekkings vir uitgawes werklik aangegaan ingevolge artikel 11(a) geregtig wees nie. Met betrekking tot ‘n houermaatskappy wat lenings aan sy filiale of geassosieerdes toestaan, heers daar ‘n algemene siening dat die houermaatskappy nie ‘n bedryf beoefen met betrekking tot die toestaan van lenings nie. Daarom word geargumenteer dat die houermaatskappy nie ingevolge artikel 11(a) op enige aftrekkings geregtig is nie. In hierdie studie word bogenoemde algemene siening krities aan die hand van regspraak en menings van belastingkenners oorweeg. Die vraag word gevra of die houermaatskappy nie wel beskou kan word om ‘n bedryf te beoefen nie, en indien wel, onder watter omstandighede dit so sal wees. ‘n Sekondêre aspek wat oorweeg word, is of die houermaatskappy op ‘n aftrekking vir rente uitgawes werklik aangegaan by die toestaan van die lenings geregtig is. In hierdie verband word ‘n onderskeid tussen geldskieters en nie-geldskieters getref. Die skrywer kom tot die gevolgtrekking dat die omskrywing van “bedryf” nie allesomvattend is nie, en dat dit blyk of dit die Wetgewer se bedoeling was om die begrip so wyd as moontlik te stel. Dit is die skrywer se mening dat belastingpligtiges wat nie geldskieters is nie, wel onder bepaalde omstandighede beskou kan word om ‘n bedryf te beoefen met betrekking tot die toestaan van lenings. Daarom behoort sulke belastingpligtiges wel op inkomstebelastingaftrekkings vir uitgawes werklik aangegaan, geregtig te wees.
Orrego, Rodríguez Mae Liz. "Politica Educacional Cubana : Repercusiones de sus Métodos y Contenido." Thesis, Stockholm University, Stockholm University, Department of Spanish, Portuguese and Latin American Studies, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-26945.
Full textEl trabajo a continuación constituye un estudio investigativo de la política que caracteriza al sistema educacional cubano, en el cual abordaremos temas como los principios fundamentales que lo rigen, los valores ideológicos políticos que lo sustentan y la estructura que lo conforma. Ello dentro del contexto teórico que sostiene el estudio y se limita a las siguientes variables: derechos humanos, democracia y educación. Como la arena en que se desarrolla dicho sistema educacional, se vio afectada por un proceso sociopolítico de medio siglo que ha atravesado por diferentes etapas, influyendo a su vez en los métodos pedagógicos y el contenido de la educación en Cuba, hemos hecho referencia a momentos históricos significativos para la sociedad cubana y para su sistema educacional. La investigación se ha realizado con un enfoque crítico, ya que consideramos que principios universalmente reconocidos como son los derechos humanos, las libertades individuales y la democracia resultan elementos esenciales en el ámbito de la educación. Para ello hemos recurrido a autores reconocidos de la filosofía y las ciencias políticas como Robert Dahl, Jack Donnelly y NorbertoBobbio, quienes constituyen referencias fundamentales a la hora de abordar teóricamente y analizar cómo en una sociedad se violan o se respetan estos conceptos. Asimismo, al analizar la democracia y a otros defensores de ella, hacemos referencia a los trabajos de John Locke, Immanuel Kant y Carlos Alberto Montaner, cuya literatura en relación con la educación es valorada internacionalmente, aunque cada uno ha vivido en épocas y ambientes sociales y políticos diferentes. Hemos utilizado además documentos conocidos y normativos internacionalmente en temas de derechos políticos, económicos y sociales. De ahí las varias referencias a la Declaración Universal de los Derechos Humanos. La posibilidad de compartir o rebatir las ideas expuestas en este trabajo, nos acercará indiscutiblemente a un conocimiento más cabal del objeto de estudio que constituye el sistema educacional de la República de Cuba.
Zonozy, Nassrullah Y. (Nassrullah Yeganeh). "A Comparative Study of Terrorism in Southwest Asia 1968-1982." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1990. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331211/.
Full textCook, Lara. ""Inside Lenin's Government : Party-State Relations, Practical Functionina and Political Culture in the Soviet Central Administrative Apparatus, October 1917-April 1923"." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.525052.
Full textChládek, Pavel. "Vznik Komunistické strany Československa a její fungování ve 20. letech 20. století." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-3700.
Full textDay, Stephen Robert. "The process of social-democratization : from Leninist to Social-Democratic parties in Central and Eastern Europe (a comparative based approach focusing specifically upon the Social Democracy of the Republic of Poland - SdRP)." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.300210.
Full textKlötzing-Madest, Ulrike [Verfasser]. "Der Marxismus-Leninismus in der DDR - eine politische Religion? : Eine Analyse anhand der Konzeptionen von Eric Voegelin, Raymond Aron und Emilio Gentile / Ulrike Klötzing-Madest." Baden-Baden : Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1160485550/34.
Full textBarkhuizen, Gerhard Thomas. "Die impak van die skrapping van artikel 11(bA) op die aftrekbaarheid van voorproduksie lenings kommissie aangegaan in die uitbreiding van 'n bestaande bedryf." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/95877.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: The study explores the question as to whether income taxpayers are in a more disadvantaged position due to the deletion of section 11(bA) and the replacement thereof with section 11A of the Income Tax Act No.58 of 1962 specifically regarding pre-production raising fees incurred during the expansion of an existing industry. It was found in CSARS v South African Custodial Services (Pty) Ltd that raising fees can be read in under the phrase interest and related finance cost as found in section 11 (bA) and therefore deductible under this provision. Section 11 (bA) was however recently deleted from the South African Income Tax Act and replaced with section 11A. In terms of judicial precedent, stare decisis, it was proved that raising fees will also be deductible in terms of section 24J (section 24J regulates and determines the amount of pre-production raising fees that may be deducted for income tax purposes in terms of section 11A). It was found that pre-production raising fees incurred will be ring-fenced in terms of section 11A until such a time that sufficient taxable income is generated from that specific industry that is being expanded. Section 11 (bA) contains no such ring-fencing restrictions and thus an assessed loss may be created and used against other taxable income of the taxpayer. It was also found that the income tax position of raising fees incurred by the taxpayer is determined by the exact time that the entity starts with the carrying on of a trade in terms of section 11 (bA) and section 11A. To answer the question satisfactorily, four scenarios were examined all with different stages where pre-production raising fees will be deductible in terms of section 11 (bA) and section 11A. The present value of the pre-production raising fees deduction calculated in terms of section 11(bA) and section 11A are compared against each other to ascertain whether or not the income taxpayer is in a more disadvantaged position due to the deletion of section 11(bA) and the replacement thereof with section 11A. It was found that the deletion of section 11 (bA) and the replacement thereof with section 11A is in most cases more detrimental to the taxpayer.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van die studie is om die vraagstuk te ondersoek of belastingpligtiges in ʼn meer nadelige posisie is as gevolg van die skrapping van artikel 11(bA) en vervanging daarvan met artikel 11A van die Inkomstebelastingwet No.58 van 1962 spesifiek in verband met voorproduksie-leningskommissie aangegaan tydens die uitbreiding van ʼn bestaande bedryf. Daar word in CSARS v South African Custodial Services (Pty) Ltd bevind dat leningskommissie ingelees kan word onder die frase rente en verwante finansieringskoste soos gevind in artikel 11(bA) en dus aftrekbaar is in terme van hierdie bepaling. Artikel 11(bA) is egter onlangs uit die Suid-Afrikaanse Inkomstebelastingwetgewing geskrap en met artikel 11A vervang. In terme van regspresedent, stare decisis, is daar bewys dat leningskommissie ook aftrekbaar is in terme van artikel 24J (wat die aftrekkingsbedrag in terme van artikel 11A reguleer en dus ook aftrekbaar in terme van artikel 11A is). Daar is bevind dat voorproduksie-leningskommissie aangegaan omhein sal word in terme van artikel 11A tot en met die tydstip dat daar genoegsame belasbare inkomste is uit die spesifieke bedryf wat uitgebrei word waarteen hierdie uitgawes afgespeel kan word. Artikel 11(bA) bevat egter geen omheiningsbeperking nie en dus kan ʼn aangeslane verlies geskep en aangewend word teen die belasbare inkomste van die bedrywe wat deur die belastingpligtige verdien word. Daar is verder ook bevind dat die inkomstebelastingposisie van die leningskommissie deur die belastingpligtige aangegaan, bepaal word deur die tydstip waarop die bedryf in aanvang geneem word in terme van artikel 11(bA) en artikel 11A. Ten einde die vraagstuk bevredigend te beantwoord, word vier scenario’s ondersoek wat die aftrekking van voorproduksie-leningskommissie vir inkomstebelastingdoeleindes op verskillende tye ondersoek en vergelyk in terme van artikel 11(bA) en artikel 11A. Die huidige waarde van die voorproduksie-leningskommissie-aftrekking in terme van bogenoemde artikels word met mekaar vergelyk om tot ʼn slotsom te kom rakende of die belastingpligtige in ʼn meer nadelige posisie is as gevolg van die skrapping van artikel 11(bA) en vervanging daarvan met artikel 11A. Daar word bevind dat die skrapping van artikel 11(bA) en vervanging daarvan met artikel 11A in meeste gevalle meer nadelig vir die belastingpligtige is.
Raymond, Alex. "La politique tibétaine du gouvernement de la République Populaire de Chine de 1949 à 1951." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0141.
Full textThe object of this study is a reinterpretation of the history of the first contacts between the new Chinese Communist government, the Tibetan government and the Tibetan population, as well as the gradual introduction of Leninist ideology on the Tibetan plateau, using for that official or sometimes semi-official sources published in the PRC, most of them not used until now. This study shows that it is often impossible to separate the politics of the new Chinese government in Tibet of the Dalai Lama and the politics of the Chinese government in other regions of Tibetan culture, as well as the reaction of local populations in the different areas of the Tibetan world. This study for example analyses the motivations behind the willingness of the leaders of the PRC to occupy Tibet as quickly as possible, the countless difficulties associated with this attempt, the fact that it will be physically impossible for the PLA, on the eve of the Battle of Chamdo in October 1950, to advance further into Tibetan territory, and how Mao will succeed in transforming a military failure into a political victory. It will also analyze the policy of the CCP in 1949-1951 in the other Tibetan regions, how this policy may have been different from one region to another, but how could there be in this diversity a global ideological vision. How the (incomplete) victory of the PLA in Chamdo was obtained in extremis, the staff of the 18th Army, like the leaders of the PRC, having real doubts about this victory until the end. How the leaders of the PRC, although originally in a weak position, will succeed not only in preventing the Dalai Lama from going abroad, but even obtain that a delegation will be sent to Beijing to " to negotiate ". The use of unpublished Chinese documents will also bring new elements on course of the "negotiations" leading to the "17-point Agreement". The final act will result in the extremely difficult arrival of the first detachments of PLA forces in Lhasa and how the capitulation of the Tibetan government will be obtained
Bauhs, James Anthony. "George Orwell As Social Conservative: Populism, Pessimism, and Nationalism in an Organic Community, 1934-43." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1995. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278361/.
Full textReichhelm, Nils. "Die marxistisch-leninistische Staats- und Rechtstheorie Karl Polaks /." Frankfurt am Main [u.a.] : Lang, 2003. http://www.gbv.de/dms/sub-hamburg/359426042.pdf.
Full textMusat, Jana. "République de Moldavie : Quel territoire pour quelle population ? : Origine, toponymie, frontières, peuplement." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO30006.
Full textOn August 27 1991, the international public opinion acknowledges the birth of the Republic of Moldova, which has represented two-thirds of the Romanian province of Bessarabia until 1941. During the history, Principality of Moldova is parting of the ways of three cultures: Slavic, Latin and Eastern; three great religions: Orthodox, Catholic and Muslim; three populations: Slavic, Latin and Turkish; and three ideologies: Pan-Slavism, Pan-Turkism and pan-Latin. Therefore, over the centuries, the Principality of Moldova has continuously handled these Great Powers and ideologies to keep its national identity. Nowadays, Moldova is still able to pursue between CIS and EU policies and between East and West geopolitical situation.In the first part of the thesis, we study the origin, toponyms and borders of Bessarabia, and we characterize the interest of the Great Powers for this territory. For it we describe, the wars and peace negotiations, starting with the Russo-Turkish war until the period of Bessarabia under the tsarist rule. Moreover, we treated the period of Bessarabia during the First World War, but also the creation of the Moldavian Democratic Republic, describing the process of foundation the USSR and its impact on the evolution of the post-Stalin Soviet Moldova. Finally, we studied the nationality question and the concepts like the "nation", the "nationalism", the "denationalization", the "Russification", the collectivism", the "moldovenism" etc...The Second Part starts with questions about the Moldovan national identity and the outbreaks of regional conflicts. We raise the issue of the separatist minorities of Gagauzia and Transnistria, which do not accept the sovereignty of Moldova. The Tiraspol regime is a totalitarian and oppressive regime, which must be removed by the action of external factors. Moreover, we study the creation of the CIS and GUAM and the involvement of the OSCE, EU, Russia, Ukraine and Romania in the negotiation process for the resolution of the Transnistrian conflict. Finally, we discuss the possibilities of how cans the "federalization" and "regionalization" solves the ethnic conflicts in Moldova. In conclusion, we answer to the questions dealing about the territory and the Moldovan population
Bergman, Leo. "Ukraїnas självständighet 1917 i svensk press 1917–1918." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Historiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-323861.
Full textDenna avhandling är en kvantitativ studie med inslag av kvalitativ analys. Syftet med denna kvantitativa studien var att undersöka VAD som skrevs om Ukrajinas självständighet 1917 i svensk press 1917–1918. Den kvalitativa delen av undersökningen ämnade att besvara frågan om tidningens politiska hållningen påverkade nyhetsrapporteringen under den valda perioden. Den exakta periodiseringen fastställdes att vara mellan den 1 mars 1917 och den 30 juni 1918. Denna periodisering valdes på grund av marsrevolutionen 1917 som utlöste självständighets-förklaringar i en rad länder som var förtryckta av Moskovitien och som nu såg sin chans till frihet. Juni 1918 blev slutpunkten i undersökningen därför att det var just då som fredsavtalet mellan Ukrajina och Sovjet undertecknades. Källmaterialet har valts att representera en mångfald ideologiska inriktningar. Det var liberal, moderat, konservativ, frisinnad samt vänstersocial inriktningar. Källmaterialet bestod av tidningsartiklar från följande tidningar: Dagens Nyheter, Aftonbladet, Göteborgs Aftonblad, Svenska Dagbladet, Dalpilen, Kalmar tidning och Norrskensflamman. Det användes kvantitativ metod på källmaterialet som bestod i en genomsökning av tidningsartiklarna efter nyhetsrapporter från Ukrajina eller som hade något med händelserna i Ukrajina att göra. Varje tidning genomsöktes dag för dag. Det genomsökta materialet presenterades i två kapitel som representerade olika perioder. Det första resultatkapitlet presenterade resultatet från år 1917, och mer exakt från mars till december 1917. Det andra kapitlet presenterade resultatet från år 1918, men även från december 1917, det vill säga resultatet från och med december 1917 till och med juni 1918. Det hela resultatet diskuterades sedan i ett eget kapitel där även den kvalitativa analysen diskuterades. Resultatet från den kvantitativa analysen visade att det har skrivits relativt sparsmakat om Ukrajinas självständighet även om artikelmängden ökade från december 1917 och ännu mer under 1918. Ibland förekom det artiklar på första sidan. Men för det mesta placerades artiklarna med Ukrajina-frågor bland andra utlandsartiklar. Det framgick också i undersökningen att det var mest första världskriget som upptog tidningarnas uppmärksamhet, även om händelserna i Petrograd och sedan i Ukrajina tog allt mer plats allt eftersom. Denna undersökning visade också att det som skrevs om Ukrajinas självständighet var också det som förekommer i referenslitteraturen. Nyhetsrapporterna berättade hur Ukrajina utropat sin självständighet i mars 1917 tills landet proklamerat en oberoende republik i november 1917 när bolsjevikerna genomförde sin statskupp i Petrograd. Tidningarna skrev också hur de ryska kommunisterna skickade krigsförklaring till Ukrajina i december 1917 och om det kriget som följde efter det. Artiklarna berättar även om hur förhandlingarna för Ukrajinafreden gick till i Brest-Litovsk samt hur dessa avslutades med att Tyskland allierade sig med Ukrajina i kampen mot kommunisterna. Det berättades hur den tyska armén marscherade in i Ukrajina för att befria det från bolsjevikerna. Fram till maj 1918 pågick det strider mellan tysk-ukrajinska armén och kommunisterna. I juni 1918 undertecknades fredsavtalet och där slutade undersökningen. Undersökningen visade att det skrevs om Ukrajinas självständighet i samtliga tidningar. Dagens Nyheter hade flest nyhetsartiklar kopplade till undersökningen. Även om antalet artiklar ej var i syfte att analysera i denna undersökning. Den kvalitativa analysen gick ut på att använda Höjelids teoretiska begrepp ”positiv klang” och ”negativ klang” på den kvantitativa analysens resultatmaterial. Det kvalitativa resultatet visade att det var nästintill omöjligt att se skillnad mellan de olika tidningarna eftersom artiklarna traderades mellan tidningarna, det vill säga innehållet kopierades rakt av. Det bör påpekas att inte allt innehåll var ämne för kopiering mellan tidningarna. Kopieringen förekom i större utsträckning men det fanns ändå originella artiklar som härstammade från respektive tidning. De flesta av artiklarna var dessutom direkta telegram som kommunicerades i utlandet till tidningens redaktioner. En hel del av dessa telegraferade artiklar skickades med ett givet syfte att vilseleda samhällsopinionen. Dessa vinklade artiklar publicerades utan vidare granskning i svensk press. Det förekom artiklar från exempelvis Dagens Nyheter vars redaktion uppmärksammat de ”märkliga Petrogradrapporter” och informerat om det i möjligt syfte att upplysa allmänheten. Men eftersom de flesta tidningarna var upptagna med första världskriget, som det visades i källmaterialet, var tidningsredaktionerna mindre intresserade av andra utländska händelser. Därför kunde sådana vinklade artiklar förekomma i svensk press i en större omfattning.
Glomm, Anna Sandaker. "Graphic revolt! : Scandinavian artists' workshops, 1968-1975 : Røde Mor, Folkets Ateljé and GRAS." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3171.
Full textWaugh-Benton, Monica. "Strike Fever: Labor Unrest, Civil Rights and the Left in Atlanta, 1972." unrestricted, 2006. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-07282006-153554/.
Full text1 electronic text (136 p.) : digital, PDF file. Title from title screen. Clifford Kuhn, committee chair; Ian C. Fletcher, committee member. Description based on contents viewed Apr. 5, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 133-136).
Francescangeli, Eros. "La sinistra rivoluzionaria in Italia. Politica e organizzazione (1943-1978)." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3425284.
Full textQuesta ricerca analizza quella peculiare area politica che negli anni settanta si rappresentò, e in genere venne rappresentata, come «sinistra rivoluzionaria», alternativa a quella definita «ufficiale», «tradizionale» o «storica» (Partito comunista italiano e Partito socialista italiano). La ricerca, tuttavia, abbraccia un arco temporale relativamente ampio della storia politico-sociale italiana e del movimento operaio italiano e internazionale. Partendo dal dissidentismo anarchico e social-comunista (trockisti, bordighisti, sinistra socialista, ecc.), che si manifesta a partire dal 1943-1944, si arriva alle organizzazioni rivoluzionarie degli anni sessanta e settanta: marxisti-leninisti e operaisti. Dallo studio incrociato delle fonti è emerso come il rapporto tra il Sessantotto e la militanza politica nei gruppi della sinistra rivoluzionaria pre e post-sessantottina fosse caratterizzato sia da elementi di continuità-omogeneità sia da elementi di rottura-eterogeneità. In ogni caso, i primi sembrano sopravanzare i secondi
Tsao, Yang, and 曹陽. "Property Law in Mainland China on the Significance of Marxism-Leninism in China." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/18058294252091129445.
Full text中國文化大學
中山與中國大陸研究所博士班
102
As well to answer the core part of this thesis, the main issue revolves around how the CPC on the development of the productive forces of socialism, the CCP ideology study how to make the transformation from the elimination of private ownership through the completion of the legislative protection of private ownership of property law in the Chinese mainland. The specific results of the performance of private ownership in 2004 And in 2007 the Constitution of property law legislation on the protection of property rights. The political foundation of China's mainland property law that recognizes the legitimacy of the right of private property, and for private property rights are fully protected. Recognition of individual pursuit of wealth, on behalf of the Chinese Communist ideology is changing that recognizes the legitimacy of the individual pursuit of wealth. Chinese mainland in 2004 and 2007 constitutional property law to complete the legislative requirements are reflected in the legitimacy of the protection of private property rights in China. In addition, property law and constitutional amendment in 2004, and also closely connected with nature. On the one hand, the Chinese mainland in 2004, the constitutional amendment into the constitution of private ownership of property law in 2007 to complete the legislation provides the basis for a constitutional property law in 2007 to complete the legislative is in mainland China in 2004 for the protection of private property rights constitutional amendment specific bar culture, and further on behalf of the protection of private property in mainland China from the constitutional level to implement legal level of protection. Finally, the CPC through the completion of property law legislation, the significance of Marxism-Leninism in China shows, in addition to representatives of the communist planned economy outside the country in addition, they can implement a market economy, and the market economy on the road, so you can also have private their property rights. This can be said to be completely overturned Marxism "elimination of private ownership," the spirit out of a genuine socialist road with Chinese characteristics, the Chinese Communists to fully grasp the initiative in the display and interpretation of the right to Marxist ideology.
Kung, Chi-keung. "Intellectuals and the masses Chʼü Chʼiu-pai's road to Marxism-Leninism and beyond /." 1986. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/15023756.html.
Full textTypescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 135-141).
Nogueira-Budny, Daniel. "From Marxist-Leninism to market liberalism? : the varied adaptation of Latin America's leftist parties." 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/21812.
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Che-Hung, Liu, and 劉哲宏. "An Analysis of Mao's Opinion on Marxism-Leninism-on Class, Party, and Nation-State." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ak2497.
Full text國立臺灣師範大學
政治學研究所
96
For a long time, the western scholars have different perspectives on the topic-“Is Mao Tse-tung a follower of Marxism or not ?”All these studies could be classified to four sects: Liberalism, Utopianism, Left and Conservatism. These theories have different viewpoints, and result different conclusions. Therefore, in this research, it especially analyses these theories and compares Marx’s, Lenin’s and Mao’s opinions on class, party, and nation state. And the researcher tries to raise a comprehensive version. After analyzing these viewpoints and comparing their doctrines, the author finds that Mao is a Marxist. The reasons are as follows: Both Marx and Mao emphasize the importance of class and consider that class struggle could promote the development of history. Both of them believe that the communist party could push the coming of communistic society. They also assert that nation state is the tool for class oppression, and wish that the nation state will wither one day. And they also consider that there should be a transition, dictatorship of the proletariat, between socialist society and communistic society to strengthen fruit of revolution. Besides, as above mentioned, there are some differences between Marx and Mao, such as class consciousness and dictatorship. But the writer thinks that these differences are still under the framework of Marxism, these are not the alteration of Mao’s arbitrariness. In the meantime, we can more firmly believe that Lenin is the bridge between Marx and Mao. In researching the relationship between Marxism and Maoism, there would be a logical leap without analyzing Leninism. In this way, we can’t explain why Mao altered Marxism. Mao’s some conception came from Lenin, such as mass line and nationalism. Therefore, the author also analyzes Leninism at the same time, and jointly calls Marxism and Leninism as Marxism-Leninism. Finally, the author feels that there are some aspects in this research to much deeper study: in totality analyzing Marxism, Leninism and Maoism; in depth analyzing their opinion on class, party, or nation state; using historic approach to find out why they could create their doctrines; using psychological approach to find out what they think; using system theory to explain why Mao altered Marxism-Leninism.
Ambrozek, Jakub. "Etika socialistického novináře v Československu po roce 1970." Master's thesis, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-448502.
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