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Journal articles on the topic 'Length measurement'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 30 July 2024

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1

Qi, H. S., W. B. Rowe, and B. Mills. "Contact length in grinding: Part 1: Contact length measurement." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 211, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/1350650971542327.

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The nature of the contact behaviour between a grinding wheel and a workpiece in the grinding process was investigated by measurement and a model evaluation. In Part 1 of this paper measurement methods for assessment of contact length were investigated. The applied power source (APS) method was judged to give the most reliable measurement of contact length. The interpretation of contact length measurements is discussed. The contact signal can be distinguished in three stages which may correspond to the action of an active grain through the contact zone: cutting, ploughing and rubbing. The definition of contact length in grinding is discussed and it is found that it is difficult to use a single value to represent it. The measured results confirm that the measured contact length in grinding is considerably longer than the geometric contact length. There is considerable evidence that the measurements represent real contact phenomena.

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2

Lipson, Michael J. "Axial Length Measurement." Eye & Contact Lens: Science & Clinical Practice 41, no. 3 (May 2015): 156–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/icl.0000000000000140.

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3

Kobayashi, Chihiro. "Electronic canal length measurement." Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology 79, no. 2 (February 1995): 226–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1079-2104(05)80288-4.

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4

Vorkapić, Marija. "Kindergartens length measurement strategies." Metodicka praksa 25, no. 1 (2022): 83–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/metpra2201083v.

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Measuring length is an integrative part of everyday life. Understanding the procedure of measuring length contributes to the conceptual understanding of measurement, which includes measuring area and volume. Measuring, and thus measuring length, is one of the terms that connects mathematics not only with everyday life, but also with other mathematical areas such as geometry, numbers, statistics, etc. The importance of understanding and developing the concept of measuring length is evidenced by the fact that it is an integral and very important part of many curricula related to preschool education. Of course, measuring length at preschool age implies processes, strategies and measuring instruments that are adapted to the developmental level of children that age. The paper presents the theoretical and methodological foundations of length measurement, development theory of length measurement, as well as a systematic review of length measurement strategies used in preschool age.

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5

Bae, Yun Kyung, and Dong Hoon Hyun. "Dew Point Measurement Error due to Tube Length in a Calibration Instrumentation and the Evaluation of Measurement Uncertainty." Applied Mechanics and Materials 789-790 (September 2015): 519–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.789-790.519.

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The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effect of tube length in calibration instrumentation on dew point measurement of dew point sensors (DPS) and evaluation of measurement uncertainty. When measuring dew point temperature, various tube lengths between dew point generator and dew point sensor (DPS) cause a significant error due to moisture absorption of inner tube. The measurement is carried out to analyze the variation on measured dew point temperature for four cases of tube lengths with 300 mm, 1200 mm, 2500 mm and 5000 mm. The dew point temperature measurements were performed in the range from-60 °C to 10 °C by using calibrated standard chilled mirror hygrometer as reference standard. In order to investigate contribution to the standard uncertainty for the tube length variation as an uncertainty source, expanded uncertainties were evaluated for the cases including the effect of tube length variation as an uncertainty source and excluding it at each measurement point. The measurement was conducted according to standard calibration procedure of Korea Testing Laboratory which assures suitability and traceable results. It is also based on international standards.

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6

McIntyre, D. B., and F. J. Ward. "Estimating Fork Lengths of Fathead Minnows, Pimephales promelas, from Measurement of Pharyngeal Arches." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 43, no. 6 (June 1, 1986): 1294–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f86-161.

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The pharyngeal arches of fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) are persistent in the gut of juvenile walleye (Stizostedion vitreum vitreum). The relationship of fork length to GAP (chord length between the dorsal and ventral extremities of the left pharyngeal arch) measurements of left pharyngeal arches of fathead minnows is linear, positive, and highly significant. Fish lengths calculated from arches recovered from stomachs after a period of up to 8 h generally fell within the prediction intervals established for the regression of fork lengths on arch measurements of freshly killed minnows. The relationship between length and arch measurement will permit the length of ingested fathead minnows to be calculated aiding in food size selection and energetic studies. Other minnow species, sharing the same habitats with fathead minnows, have distinctive pharyngeal arches which can be used to identify species in stomach contents. Length may also be correlated with pharyngeal arch measurements in these species.

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7

Keck, Christian, and René Schödel. "Reference Measurement of Roundwood by Fringe Projection." Forest Products Journal 71, no. 4 (October 1, 2021): 352–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.13073/fpj-d-21-00024.

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Abstract The metrological verification of log scanners requires logs with accurately known dimensions as test objects. The measurement of the lengths and diameters must be traceable back to the SI (International System of Units) unit of length. The results have to be reported with the corresponding measurement uncertainties. The uncertainties are required to be 5 to 10 times lower than the corresponding maximum permissible errors allowed for the log scanner under test. This article presents a procedure for the reference measurement of logs using an off-the-shelf fringe projection system along with uncertainty budgets for the measured dimensions. The length and diameters are determined from the highly resolved mesh obtained by fringe projection using techniques from computational geometry and coordinate metrology. Corrections are applied to the length and diameter values to remove the systematic effect caused by scattering of projected light below the partially transparent log surface. The influence of the fringe projection system on the measured dimensions is determined by measurements of calibrated artifacts, which also provide the traceability back to the SI unit of length. The measurement is illustrated by the example of a log with a length of 2 m and a diameter of 280 mm. The corresponding uncertainty budgets, confirmed by repeat measurements, result in expanded uncertainties (confidence interval 95%) of 6 mm and 0.13 mm for length and diameter, respectively. These low values qualify the fringe projection measurement along with accompanying evaluation procedure to provide logs as reference objects for the verification of log scanners.

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8

Slagter, Nienke, Mette van Wilsum, Loek J. M. de Heide, Ewoud H. Jutte, Mirjam A. Kaijser, Stefan L. Damen, André P. van Beek, and Marloes Emous. "Laparoscopic Small Bowel Length Measurement in Bariatric Surgery Using a Hand-Over-Hand Technique with Marked Graspers: an Ex Vivo Experiment." Obesity Surgery 32, no. 4 (February 24, 2022): 1201–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11695-022-05918-z.

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Abstract Introduction Tailoring limb length in bariatric surgery is a subject of many studies. To acquire the optimal limb length, accurate measurement of the small bowel length is essential. Objective To assess the intra- and inter-individual variability of laparoscopic bowel length measurement using a hand-over-hand technique with marked graspers. Method Four bariatric surgeons and four surgical residents performed measurements on cadaver porcine intestine in a laparoscopic box using marked graspers. Each participant performed 10 times a measurement of three different lengths: 150, 180, and 210 cm. Acceptable percentage deviation from the goal lengths was defined as less than 10%, while unacceptable deviations were defined as more than 15%. Results The bariatric surgeons measured the 150-, 180-, and 210-cm tasks with 4% (CI 0.4, 9), − 6% (CI − 11, − 0.8), and 1% (CI − 4, 6) deviation, respectively. In total, the bariatric surgeons estimated 58 out of 119 times (49%) between the margins of 10% deviation and 36 times (30%) outside the 15% margin. Considerable inter-individual differences were found between the surgeons. The surgical residents underestimated the tasks with 12% (CI − 18, − 6), 16% (CI − 19, − 13), and 18% (CI − 22, − 13), respectively. Conclusion Bariatric surgeons estimated bowel length with on average less than 10% deviation. However, this still resulted in 30% of the measurements with more than 15% deviation. There were considerable inter-individual differences between the surgeons and residents structurally underestimated the bowel length. Ascertainment of measurement accuracy and adequate training is essential for bariatric procedures in which limb length is of importance. Graphical abstract

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9

Lotze, W. "Precision length measurement by computer-aided coordinate measurement." Journal of Physics E: Scientific Instruments 19, no. 7 (July 1986): 495–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3735/19/7/001.

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10

Selmer, Sarah J., and Kimberly Floyd. "UDL for Geometric Length Measurement." Teaching Children Mathematics 19, no. 3 (October 2012): 146–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/teacchilmath.19.3.0146.

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11

Mashhoon, B., and U. Muench. "Length measurement in accelerated systems." Annalen der Physik 514, no. 7 (August 2002): 532–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/andp.20025140706.

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12

Smith, R. A., R. G. Newcombe, A. M. Coggins, and O. P. Gray. "Length measurement in small neonates." Archives of Disease in Childhood 60, no. 9 (September 1, 1985): 837–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/adc.60.9.837.

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13

Clements, Douglas H. "Teaching Length Measurement: Research Challenges." School Science and Mathematics 99, no. 1 (January 1999): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1949-8594.1999.tb17440.x.

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14

Ding, Xiaohu, and Mingguang He. "Measurement of Peripheral Eye Length." Ophthalmology 119, no. 5 (May 2012): 1084–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2012.01.041.

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15

Sheglov, D. V., S. S. Kosolobov, L. I. Fedina, E. E. Rodyakina, A. K. Gutakovskii, S. V. Sitnikov, A. S. Kozhukhov, et al. "High-precision nanoscale length measurement." Nanotechnologies in Russia 8, no. 7-8 (July 2013): 518–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1995078013040162.

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16

CARR, DARCY B., KARIN SMITH, LISA PARSONS, KARI CHANSKY, and LAURENCE E. SHIELDS. "Ultrasonography for Cervical Length Measurement." Obstetrics & Gynecology 96, no. 4 (October 2000): 554–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006250-200010000-00014.

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17

Gei, Alfredo F., Russell A. Smith, and Gary D. V. Hankins. "The Length-of-Shanks Measurement." Obstetrics & Gynecology 97, Supplement (April 2001): 65S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006250-200104001-00159.

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18

Warji, W., N. Purwanti, S. S. Mardjan, and S. Yuliani. "Measurement Method of Nanofibrils Length." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 537 (August 11, 2020): 012033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/537/1/012033.

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19

Doull, I. J., E. S. McCaughey, B. J. Bailey, and P. R. Betts. "Reliability of infant length measurement." Archives of Disease in Childhood 72, no. 6 (June 1, 1995): 520–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/adc.72.6.520.

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20

Mashhoon, B., and U. Muench. "Length measurement in accelerated systems." Annalen der Physik 11, no. 7 (August 2002): 532–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-3889(200208)11:7<532::aid-andp532>3.0.co;2-3.

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21

Wei, Dong, Kiyoshi Takamasu, and Hirokazu Matsumoto. "Length Traceability Using Optical Frequency Comb." Key Engineering Materials 625 (August 2014): 322–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.625.322.

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High-precision length measurements are strongly demanded for not only industry requirements and science purposes.In 2009, a femtosecond optical frequency comb (FOFC) was adopted in Japan as the national standard tool for measuring length. Recently, numerous studies have focused on FOFC-based high-precision length measurement because this approach offers the possibility of development of a ultimate green length traceability system. A single-wavelength helium–neon (He–Ne) laser was used as a length standard. An FOFC emits discrete pulse-train-shaped light. This markedly different characteristic exists between a He-Ne laser and an FOFC is the reason for the challenge. Previous attempts to challenge this problem have not been satisfactory. This has limited the development and applications of FOFC-based length measurement. In this work, we review our efforts of FOFC-based high-precision length measurement toward developing an ultimate green length traceability system.

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22

Takamasu, Kiyoshi, and Wiroj Sudatham. "High-Accuracy Absolute Length Measurement Using an Optical-Comb Pulsed Interferometer: Verification of Coordinate Measuring Machines." International Journal of Automation Technology 11, no. 5 (August 30, 2017): 682–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2017.p0682.

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The optical frequency comb has become a standard for length and frequency measurements. Its pulsed laser can produce temporal coherence interference fringe patterns, and these fringes can be used as the length standard for practical measurement of absolute lengths. This research aims to develop a measuring system for coordinate measuring machine (CMM) verification, which can be used to measure the absolute length of a target in three dimensions. Thus, a spherical target has been considered. A ball lens with a refractive index of 2.0 has been selected as the target for the interferometer in this study. Using the ball lens target, the absolute length can be measured up to 10 m, covering the medium- to large-sized range of CMM applications. The experimental results demonstrate that the measurement uncertainty is smaller than that of the artifact test. In addition, the measurement time of the proposed method is 60% less than that of the artifact-test method.

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23

UEDA, Morimasa. "Precision Measurement of Length, Challenge to Nano-meter Measurement." Journal of the Society of Mechanical Engineers 105, no. 1006 (2002): 604–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemag.105.1006_604.

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24

BEYAZ, Abdullah. "Computer vision-based dimension measurement system for olive identification." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 48, no. 4 (December 22, 2020): 2328–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha48411966.

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Olive tree is an important portion of the human history of Mediterranean nations. On the other hand, local varieties are important for each producer regions and even countries. So, olive cultivars are important for agricultural production for these people. The traditional pomological identifiers of the olive trees based on fruits and leaves, also morphometric analysis of size, additionally shape elliptic analysis of endocarp. Because of this reason, in this study, for the ‘Picual’ olive cultivar identification, a fast and easy method was presented. For this aim, ‘Picual’ olive leaf, fruit, and stone dimension measurement values obtained from real-time video images. ‘Picual’ olive fruit, stone, leaf samples evaluated by using real-time computer vision measurements. Regression analysis was applied to the data which was obtained from real-time video and caliper measurements. According to the regression coefficient results, the regression between caliper length measurement (OLLM) and computer vision video length measurement (OLLCV) found as 98.9%, also the regression between caliper width measurement (OLWM) and computer vision video width measurement (OLWCV) found as 97.9% at ‘Picual’ leaves, additionally, the regression between caliper length measurement (OFLM) and computer vision video length measurement (OFLCV) found as 98.5% the regression between caliper width measurement (OFWM) and computer vision video width measurement (OFWCV) found as 98.1 % at ‘Picual’ fruits, at last, the regression between caliper length measurement (OSLM) and computer vision video length measurement (OSLCV) found as 86.2%, the regression between caliper width measurement (OSWM) and computer vision video width measurement (OSWCV) found as 75.3% at ‘Picual’ stones.

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Ifannur, Muhammad Taufik, and Adityo Permana Wibowo. "Penerapan Teknologi Augmented Reality Untuk Aplikasi Pengukuran Panjang Suatu Objek." Infotek : Jurnal Informatika dan Teknologi 7, no. 1 (January 20, 2024): 63–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.29408/jit.v7i1.23908.

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Length measurement is an activity to determine the length value of an object, surface, or other object. The measurement process generally requires conventional length measuring tools such as a ruler or ruler, tape measure, or calipers. Length measurements will experience problems when conditions do not allow the use of conventional measuring instruments due to position factors, the size of objects or surfaces that are too large and difficult for one person to reach, or differences in results obtained when measuring using non-standard units which cause uncertainty the measuring value. Augmented Reality is a technology that allows users to see the real world combined with virtual objects without changing the real world as the main environment. This technology also allows the length measurement process to be carried out using virtual objects as measurement markers and provides real-time measurement results without using conventional length measuring instruments. The results obtained are a length measurement application that can run by relying on virtual objects in the form of pointers which are placed as markers and connected by lines to obtain information in the form of the value of the measurement results. With an average accuracy level of 98.03%, this length measurement application can be used as an alternative medium for carrying out the length measurement process.

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Forness, Mikayla, Zachary Podoll, Benjamin Noonan, and Alexander Chong. "Biomechanical Evaluation of the Accuracy in Radiographic Assessment of Femoral Component Migration Measurement after Total Hip Arthroplasty." Kansas Journal of Medicine 13, no. 1 (April 17, 2020): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/kjm.v13i1.13622.

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Introduction: Implant subsidence is one criteria utilized to monitor for prosthesis loosening after total hip arthroplasty (THA) with initial implant subsidence assessment often done utilizing plain radiographs. The specific aim of this study was to identify the most reliable references when using plain radiographs to establish an image magnification with the goals being easy to use, inexpensive, reliable, and accurate. Methods: Two femoral stem implants (stem lengths: 127mm, 207mm) were utilized to simulate hemiarthroplasty of the hip with composite femurs. Different combinations of femoral stem distances from the radiographic film (ODD), source-detector differences (SDD), hip rotation, and hip flexion were elected. Standardized anterior-posterior pelvis for each parameter combination setup were taken. Radiographic measurements (head diameter, stem length, stem seating length) were undertaken five times by three examiners. Radiographic image magnification factors were generated from two references (head diameter and stem length). Radiograph measurement reproducibility and stem seating length errors using these magnification factors were evaluated. Results: High level of repeated measurements reliability was found for head diameter (99 ± 0%) and stem length (90 ± 7%) measurements, whereas seating length measurements were less reliable (76 ± 6%). Stem length error using the femoral head magnification factor yielded 11% accuracy. Stem seating length error using both magnification factors were not reliable (< 7% accuracy). All parameters, except SDD, showed significant effect on calibrated measurement error. Conclusions: Current methods of assessing implant subsidence after THA using plain radiographs are inaccurate or reliable. Clinicians should recognize these limitations and be cautious when diagnosing implant stability using plain radiographs alone.

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N Bhavya Sri, L. "Fetal Kidney Length Measurement to Determine Gestational Age in Local Population." International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 12, no. 1 (January 5, 2023): 576–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21275/sr23111105337.

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Borz, Stelian Alexandru, Jenny Magaly Morocho Toaza, Gabriel Osei Forkuo, and Marina Viorela Marcu. "Potential of Measure App in Estimating Log Biometrics: A Comparison with Conventional Log Measurement." Forests 13, no. 7 (June 30, 2022): 1028. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13071028.

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Wood measurement is an important process in the wood supply chain, which requires advanced solutions to cope with the current challenges. Several general-utility measurement options have become available by the developments in LiDAR or similar-capability sensors and Augmented Reality. This study tests the accuracy of the Measure App developed by Apple, running by integration into Augmented Reality and LiDAR technologies, in estimating the main biometrics of the logs. In a first experiment (E1), an iPhone 12 Pro Max running the Measure App was used to measure the diameter at one end and the length of 267 spruce logs by a free-eye measurement approach, then reference data was obtained by taking conventional measurements on the same logs. In a second experiment (E2), an iPhone 13 Pro Max equipped with the same features was used to measure the diameter at one end and the length of 200 spruce logs by a marking-guided approach, and the reference data was obtained similar to E1. The data were compared by a Bland and Altman analysis which was complemented by the estimation of the mean absolute error (MAE), root mean squared error (RMSE) and normalized root mean square error (NRMSE). In E1, nearly 86% of phone-based log diameter measurements were within ±1 cm compared to the reference data, of which 37% represented a perfect match. Of the phone-based log length measurements, 94% were within ±5 cm compared to the reference data, of which approximately 22% represented a perfect match. MAE, RMSE, and NRMSE of the log diameter and length were of 0.68, 0.96, and 0.02 cm, and of 1.81, 2.55, and 0.10 cm, respectively. Results from E2 were better, with 95% of the phone-based log diameter agreeing within ±1 cm, of which 44% represented a perfect match. As well, 99% of the phone-based length measurements were within ±5 cm, of which approximately 27% were a perfect match. MAE, RMSE, and NRMSE of the log diameter and length were of 0.65, 0.92, and 0.03 cm, and 1.46, 1.93, and 0.04 cm, respectively. The results indicated a high potential of replacing the conventional measurements for non-piled logs of ca. 3 m in length, but the applicability of phone-based measurement could be readily extended to log-end diameter measurement of the piled wood. Further studies could check if the accuracy of measurements would be enhanced by larger samples and if the approach has good replicability. Finding a balance between capability and measurement accuracy by extending the study to longer log lengths, different species and operating conditions would be important to characterize the technical limitations of the tested method.

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29

Shafait, Faisal, Euan S. Harvey, Mark R. Shortis, Ajmal Mian, Mehdi Ravanbakhsh, James W. Seager, Philip F. Culverhouse, Danelle E. Cline, and Duane R. Edgington. "Towards automating underwater measurement of fish length: a comparison of semi-automatic and manual stereo–video measurements." ICES Journal of Marine Science 74, no. 6 (February 27, 2017): 1690–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsx007.

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Abstract Underwater stereo–video systems are widely used for counting and measuring fish in aquaculture, fisheries, and conservation management. Length measurements are generated from stereo–video recordings by a software operator using a mouse to locate the head and tail of a fish in synchronized pairs of images. This data can be used to compare spatial and temporal changes in the mean length and biomass or frequency distributions of populations of fishes. Since the early 1990s stereo–video has also been used for measuring the lengths of fish in aquaculture for quota and farm management. However, the costs of the equipment, software, the time, and salary costs involved in post processing imagery manually and the subsequent delays in the availability of length information inhibit the adoption of this technology. We present a semi-automatic method for capturing stereo–video measurements to estimate the lengths of fish. We compare the time taken to make measurements of the same fish measured manually from stereo–video imagery to that measured semi-automatically. Using imagery recorded during transfers of Southern Bluefin Tuna (SBT) from tow cages to grow out cages, we demonstrate that the semi-automatic algorithm developed can obtain fork length measurements with an error of less than 1% of the true length and with at least a sixfold reduction in operator time in comparison to manual measurements. Of the 22 138 SBT recorded we were able to measure 52.6% (11 647) manually and 11.8% (2614) semi-automatically. For seven of the eight cage transfers recorde,d there were no statistical differences in the mean length, weight, or length frequency between manual and semi-automatic measurements. When the data were pooled across the eight cage transfers, there was no statistical difference in mean length or weight between the stereo–video-based manual and semi-automated measurements. Hence, the presented semi-automatic system can be deployed to significantly reduce the cost involved in adoption of stereo–video technology.

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Singh, Vishwajeet, Priyal Jain, Anil Kumar Tyagi, and Kalyan Kumar Banerjee. "Estimation of supine Length from Percutaneous Measurement of Hand Length." Medico-Legal Update 18, no. 2 (2018): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-1283.2018.00155.x.

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Singh, Vishwajeet, Arun Kumar Siddamsetty, Anil Kumar Tyagi, Kalayan Kumar Banerjee, and Narinder Kumar Aggarwal. "Estimation of supine length from percutaneous measurement of forearm length." Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology 12, no. 4 (2018): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0973-9130.2018.00204.9.

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32

Fox, Colin, Tim G. Haskell, and Hyuck Chung. "Dynamic, in situ measurement of sea-ice characteristic length." Annals of Glaciology 33 (2001): 339–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756401781818086.

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AbstractWe present a method for measuring the characteristic length of sea ice based on fitting to a recently found solution for the flexural response of a floating ice sheet subject to localized periodic loading. Unlike previous techniques, the method enables localized measurements at single frequencies of geophysical interest, and since the measurements may be synchronously demodulated, gives excellent rejection of unwanted measurement signal (e.g. from ocean swell). The loading mechanism is described and we discuss how the effective characteristic length may be determined using a range of localized measurements. The method is used to determine the characteristic length of the sea ice in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica.

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Putra, Windy Andhika, Muhammad Rizqy Alfarisi, Gita Indah Hapsari, and Periyadi. "MEASURING BABY’S BODY LENGTH UTILIZING IMAGE PROCESSING." Jurnal Teknologi Informasi Universitas Lambung Mangkurat (JTIULM) 7, no. 1 (April 30, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jtiulm.v7i1.116.

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The Baby Body Length Measurement System with Machine Learning methods and Open CV library is a system designed to make it easier for Posyandu officers to take measurements of the baby's body length, where this system will measure the baby's body length using a camera, and assisted with library image processing, namely, Open CV, and to measure the length of the baby's body using Machine Learning, namely the Linear Regression method, and the measurement data will be sent to a Web application so that the baby's mother can monitor the growth and development of her baby, The system that was built has an average error of -1,42 in the condition of the lamp with a power of 40Watt and in the light of a lamp with a power of 11Watt the average error is found with a value of -15,37 and at a distance of 64 cm the system can detect objects and measure the length of the object with an average measurement error of -10,6.

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Emamian, S. A., M. B. Nielsen, and J. F. Pedersen. "Intraobserver and Interobserver Variations in Sonographic Measurements of Kidney Size in Adult Volunteers." Acta Radiologica 36, no. 4-6 (July 1995): 399–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028418519503600414.

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Estimation of renal size by sonography can be performed by measuring renal length, volume, cortical volume or cortical thickness. Observer variation in these measurements is an important factor, especially when repeated measurements are compared. This study was performed to examine the magnitude of intraobserver and interobserver variations for each of the above-mentioned measurements, and to find the measurement with the lowest observer variation. Sonographic measurements were performed by 3 observers on 18 adult volunteers. The standard deviation of the difference (SDD) between any 2 pairs of measurements was used as the indicator of the magnitude of the observer variation. Renal length measurement showed the lowest observer variation with a relative SDD of 4 to 5%. Measurement of cortical thickness showed the poorest reproducibility with a relative SDD of 18 to 23%, while volumetric estimations had a relative SDD of 14 to 17%. Renal length measurement should be preferred to renal volume estimation, especially when comparing repeated measurements.

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Lee, Seong-Hun, and Byung-Lok Cho. "Measurement and Analysis of Local Average Power According to Averaging Length Changes of 3, 6, 10, and 17 GHz in an Indoor Corridor Environment." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2023 (January 20, 2023): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/1485543.

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This study measures and analyzes the local average power for line-of-sight (LOS) and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) paths according to the averaging length in an indoor corridor environment. The indoor corridor comprises multiple offices, laboratory spaces, and lecture rooms. We selected 3, 6, 10, and 17 GHz measurement frequency bands. The measurement system consists of a signal generator, a low-noise amplifier, transmission and receiving antenna, and spectrum analyzer. To obtain an accurate prediction model of propagation due to the multipath effect, we determined the measurement method based on the measurement interval and number of measurements according to changes in the averaging length. 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 lambdas (λ) were selected for the number of measurements by frequency, and 1.5 cm was set as the measurement interval. We used the close-in (CI) path loss model for the analysis according to changes in the averaging length. The coefficient of determination (R-squared) was applied using a linear regression equation to verify the measurement accuracy. Based on parameter n of the CI path loss model, no large differences were observed in the averaging length at each measurement frequency. However, at 2λ, owing to the multipath effect, R-squared was approximately 0.4–0.7 for the LOS path and 0.6–0.8 for the NLOS path. At 10λ, R-squared was approximately 0.7–0.8 for the LOS path and 0.8–0.9 for the NLOS path. This indicated that as the number of measurements increased by increasing the averaging length, the accuracy of the measurement results improved. The study findings will help determine an optimal averaging length, thus ensuring reliable indoor propagation measurement and contributing to the ITU-R standard.

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Hernández, Sergio Elias, Leopoldo Acosta, and Jonay Toledo. "Distance and Cable Length Measurement System." Sensors 9, no. 12 (December 16, 2009): 10190–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s91210190.

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WEI Pei-feng, 卫沛锋, 林旭东 LIN Xu-dong, 王. 亮. WANG Liang, and 王鸣浩 WANG Ming-hao. "Simultaneous measurement of atmospheric coherence length." Optics and Precision Engineering 24, no. 8 (2016): 1840–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/ope.20162408.1840.

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Lancaster, A. J., and D. O’Connor. "Traceable spectral interferometry for length measurement." Metrologia 59, no. 2 (March 14, 2022): 024004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1681-7575/ac545d.

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Abstract Spectral interferometry is becoming a popular method of performing dimensional measurements, e.g. of surfaces, but such devices require pre-calibration of their spectrometers to achieve traceability. The use of a spectral lamp and imaging spectrometer to perform inherently traceable distance measurements using spectral interferometry, without the need for external calibration, is proposed and its experimental feasibility demonstrated. Initial experiments show measurements over a working range of 200 µm. The estimated standard uncertainty of the distance measurements is 0.6 nm, corresponding to an expanded uncertainty of 1.2 nm at k = 2.

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Li, Ming, Pengxin Zhang, and Jiawei Han. "Methods of Atmospheric Coherence Length Measurement." Applied Sciences 12, no. 6 (March 15, 2022): 2980. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12062980.

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Free-space optical (FSO) communication possesses the advantages of high security, large information capacity, high-speed transmission, small terminal size, low power consumption, easy and flexible deployment, etc. It is a promising communication technique, and could be an alternative to optical fiber communication and traditional radio frequency (RF) communication. One of principal challenges that FSO faces is the susceptibility of the atmospheric channel, which is turbulent in nature. After the optical signals propagate over the atmospheric channel, their wavefronts suffer from deleterious perturbation, thus resulting in degradation in the performance of the FSO. This knowledge with respect to FSO links helps to optimize the system design and reduce the adverse effects of atmospheric turbulence. The atmospheric coherence length of FSO links reflects the atmospheric turbulence effects, and it is one of the key parameters of FSO systems. Measuring the atmospheric coherence length, as a result, is of great interest as well as importance to the FSO community. In this paper, several methods associated with atmospheric coherence length measurement are reviewed.

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Iwata, Koichi. "Measurement with Light -Length and Displacement." Journal of the Japan Welding Society 63, no. 2 (1994): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2207/qjjws1943.63.87.

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41

Collins, J. H. "Ultrasound measurement of umbilical cord length." Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine 13, no. 11 (November 1994): 854. http://dx.doi.org/10.7863/jum.1994.13.11.854.

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Ikiz, Y., J. P. Rust, W. J. Jasper, and H. J. Trussell. "Fiber Length Measurement by Image Processing." Textile Research Journal 71, no. 10 (October 2001): 905–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004051750107101009.

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Su, Mao-Chang, Te-Huei Yeh, Ching-Ting Tan, Chia-Der Lin, Oan-Che Linne, and Shiann-Yann Lee. "Measurement of adult vocal fold length." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 116, no. 6 (June 2002): 447–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0022215021911257.

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Laryngeal photographs from 165 Taiwanese subjects were taken during microlaryngoscopy. Photographs of the vocal fold during the open phase were chosen. For measuring the vocal fold length, both the photograph of a ruler and the larynx were taken under the operating microscope, thus forming a ‘new scale’. Photographs of the vocal fold and the ruler were then processed at the same power of magnification. The length of the vocal folds was measured with the ‘new scale’. In 100 patients receivingdirect laryngoscopy under neuroleptic anaesthesia, the vocal fold length was 14.6 ± 1.2 mm (n = 35) for males and 11.1 ± 1.0 mm (n = 65) for females. In 65 patients under general anaesthesia, the vocal fold length was 15.3 ± 1.6 mm (n = 23) for males and 13.5 ± 1.3 mm (n = 42) for females. Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference between both groups and both sexes. Elongation of the vocal fold under general rather than neuroleptic anaesthesia may be important when performing functional surgery of the vocal fold.

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Wilshin, Jean, Michael Geary, Marcia Persaud, and Peter Hindmarsh. "The reliability of newborn length measurement." British Journal of Midwifery 7, no. 4 (April 1999): 236–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjom.1999.7.4.8349.

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Maali, Abdelhamid, Stéphane Colin, and Bharat Bhushan. "Slip length measurement of gas flow." Nanotechnology 27, no. 37 (August 9, 2016): 374004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/27/37/374004.

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Lai, Tsung-Po, Woodring E. Wright, and Jerry W. Shay. "Comparison of telomere length measurement methods." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 373, no. 1741 (January 15, 2018): 20160451. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2016.0451.

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The strengths and limitations of the major methods developed to measure telomere lengths (TLs) in cells and tissues are presented in this review. These include Q-PCR ( Q uantitative P olymerase C hain R eaction), TRF ( T erminal R estriction F ragment) analysis, a variety of Q-FISH ( Q uantitative F luorescence I n S itu H ybridization) methods, STELA ( S ingle TE lomere L ength A nalysis) and TeSLA ( Te lomere S hortest L ength A ssay). For each method, we will cover information about validation studies, including reproducibility in independent laboratories, accuracy, reliability and sensitivity for measuring not only the average but also the shortest telomeres. There is substantial evidence that it is the shortest telomeres that trigger DNA damage responses leading to replicative senescence in mammals. However, the most commonly used TL measurement methods generally provide information on average or relative TL, but it is the shortest telomeres that leads to telomere dysfunction (identified by TIF, T elomere dysfunction I nduced F oci) and limit cell proliferation in the absence of a telomere maintenance mechanism, such as telomerase. As the length of the shortest telomeres is a key biomarker determining cell fate and the onset of senescence, a new technique (TeSLA) that provides quantitative information about all the shortest telomeres will be highlighted. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Understanding diversity in telomere dynamics’.

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Sheng, Huan, Carol Bottjer, and Mark Bullimore. "THE REPEATABILITY OF AXIAL LENGTH MEASUREMENT." Optometry and Vision Science 78, SUPPLEMENT (December 2001): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006324-200112001-00110.

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Ioannou, C., I. Sarris, L. Hoch, LJ Salomon, and AT Papageorghiou. "Standardisation of crown-rump length measurement." BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology 120 (May 17, 2013): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1471-0528.12056.

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Davoudzadeh, Ethan P., Natan P. Davoudzadeh, Ezra Margolin, Peter J. Stahl, and Doron S. Stember. "Penile Length: Measurement Technique and Applications." Sexual Medicine Reviews 6, no. 2 (April 2018): 261–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sxmr.2017.10.002.

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Lee, Eric, Mary Sherman, Bo Fan, Joanne Dorgan, and John Shepherd. "Accurate Measurement of Hip Axis Length." Journal of Clinical Densitometry 12, no. 3 (July 2009): 381–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jocd.2009.03.057.

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