Relevant bibliographies by topics / Length and weight

Academic literature on the topic 'Length and weight'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Length and weight"

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Mousavi-Sabet, Hamed, Somaye Khataminejad, and Saber Vatandoust. "Length–weight and length–length relations of the seven endemic Alburnus species (Actinopterygii: Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) in Iran." Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria 44, no. 2 (June 30, 2014): 157–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3750/aip2014.44.2.10.

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B, Kankhare Sonali, Kulkarni Prasad G, Sukre S B, and Ponde Sanjay R. "UMBILICAL CORD LENGTH WITH RELATION TO BIRTH WEIGHT." International Journal of Anatomy and Research 6, no. 4.3 (December 5, 2018): 5954–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijar.2018.383.

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Lee, Yong-Woo, and David B. Sampson. "Monte Carlo evaluation of a nonlinear regression estimator for aggregated length–weight data." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 62, no. 2 (February 1, 2005): 362–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f04-194.

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Parameters of fish length–weight relationships (W = aLb) are usually estimated by applying linear regression to log-transformed length and weight values, but measuring individual weights is time-consuming and expensive. Often, length and weight data are available as sets of length measurements and aggregated sample weights, and the aggregate average weight of a sample can be expressed as the average of the weights predicted for the individual fish lengths. This study evaluated the feasibility of applying nonlinear regression to aggregated length–weight data. Experiments with simulated random length–weight data demonstrated that the estimates of parameter b appear to be unbiased and the estimates of a are right-skewed and biased. Further, the estimates of ln(a) and b are almost perfectly correlated. The precision and accuracy of the estimates were greatly influenced by the number of aggregate samples but were relatively unaffected by the number of fish in each sample. An additional experiment showed that the residuals from the regression can be used to detect small changes in the length–weight parameters.
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Nahar, DA, MR Islam, MS Islam, S. Jasmine, and MMR Mondol. "Growth pattern of freshwater bivalve mollusk Lamellidens marginalis (Lamarck, 1819) from the northwest Bangladesh." Journal of Bio-Science 27 (December 26, 2019): 121–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v27i0.44677.

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Growth, morphometry and length-weight relationships of the freshwater mussel Lamellidens marginalis (Lamarck, 1819) was studied during January 2014 and May 2015. Sampling was carried out monthly and a total of 560 specimens were collected from Rajshahi district, northwest of Bangladesh. The recorded length -breadth and length-width relationships were B = 0.179 + 0.475L and W = 0.196 + 0.3163L respectively. The length-total weight, length-wet tissue weight, length-dry tissue weight, length-shell weight, length-dry shell weight relationships were W = 0.1241L2.9066, W = 0.0524L2.7377, W =0.0116L2.7849, W = 0.0533L2.9178 and W = 0.0391L3.0386 respectively. Monthly b values of length-lengths and length-weights relationships indicated a negative allometric growth pattern except length-shell weights relationships which showed an isometric growth of the mussel. This study is the first report on growth pattern of Lamellidens marginalis from Bangladesh and the results would be useful for fishery managers to impose adequate regulations for a sustainable fishery management of this species in the freshwater ecosystem in Bangladesh. J. bio-sci. 27: 121-132, 2019
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Yıldırım, Arda, Yüksel Aksoy, Nuh Ocak, and Zafer Ulutaş. "Some Gastrointestinal Tract Characteristics of Karayaka Ram Lambs Slaughtered at Different Weights." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/379023.

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Thirty-one Karayaka ram lambs were slaughtered at different body weights (30n=7, 35n=6, 40n=7, 45n=6, and 50n=5 kg of body weight at fast) to evaluate the growth of their gastrointestinal tract (GIT) characteristics, to determine the relationship among slaughter body weight (SBW) and empty body weight (EBW), whole GIT and segments, and the influence of slaughter weight on the pH of rumen, jejunum, and cecal contents. The effects of the SBW on GIT weightP<0.05, stomachP<0.001, and intestineP<0.05, the body lengthP<0.001and caecumP<0.05, and the relative weights of GITP<0.05, stomachP<0.001, and intestineP<0.001were linear whereas that for the length of intestine were quadratic. The effect of SBW were quadraticP<0.05on ratios of stomach to GIT weight and intestine length to intestine weight and rumen pH while, for the intestine to GIT weight ratioP<0.001and caecum pHP<0.05, this effect was linear. The results indicated that for all parameters studied, with the exception of intestinal length and cecal pH, linear relationships were observed with SBW indicating steady growth rates for these tissues.
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Culver, David A., Mary M. Boucherle, David J. Bean, and James W. Fletcher. "Biomass of Freshwater Crustacean Zooplankton from Length–Weight Regressions." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 42, no. 8 (August 1, 1985): 1380–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f85-173.

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We present equations for calculating dry weight from body length for 14 common and widely distributed taxa of crustacean zooplankters; these were generated by regression from weights of individuals chosen from the range of lengths observed for each taxon, usually three replicate weights at each of five lengths. We include regressions for ovigerous and nonovigerous cladocerans, plus nauplii, early copepodites, and adult males and females for the copepods (30 length–weight relationships) and individual weights for given stages of copepods. We calculated the seasonal variation in crustacean biomass for a station in the Bay of Quinte, Lake Ontario, and for each of the three basins of Lake Erie. Biomass was dominated by Cladocera for both lakes, with Copepoda predominant in the spring. Mean individual dry weights varied seasonally for all taxa, confirming previous findings.
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Whitehead, RG. "Growth in weight and length." Acta Paediatrica 92, no. 4 (January 2, 2007): 406–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.2003.tb00567.x.

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Keenlyne, K. D., and S. J. Maxwell. "Length Conversions and Length-Weight Relations for Pallid Sturgeon." North American Journal of Fisheries Management 13, no. 2 (May 1993): 395–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(1993)013<0395:lcalwr>2.3.co;2.

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Simon, K. D., and A. G. Mazlan. "Length-Weight and Length-Length Relationships of Archer and Puffer Fish Species." Open Fish Science Journal 1, no. 1 (June 3, 2008): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874401x00801010019.

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Yilmaz, Savaş, Okan Yazicioğlu, Mahmut Yilmaz, and Nazmi Polat. "Length-Weight and Length-Length Relationships ofCapoeta sieboldiifrom Hirfanli Dam Lake, Turkey." Journal of Freshwater Ecology 25, no. 2 (June 2010): 205–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02705060.2010.9665069.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Length and weight"

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Faulkner, Sean (Sean Anthony) Carleton University Dissertation Engineering Electrical. "Determination of maximal-length sequences by weight distribution analysis." Ottawa, 1989.

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Isaksson, Erica. "Cardinality for optical orthogonal codes with variable length and weight." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-7672.

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To let many users benefit from the high speed communication in an optical fiber, a way to share the channel is needed. One way to share the channel between the users is the multiple access technique of Code Division Multiple Access, CDMA. This technique is based on coding. By assigning the users different codewords, the receiver is able to distinguish the information sent from each user. One family of codes suitable to use in a fiber optic network is the constant weight Optical Orthogonal Codes, OOC.

To influence the users interference tolerability it is possible to assign the users codewords of the same length but with different weights. By letting the users have codewords of different length it is possible to have different data rates in the system. These two versions of optical orthogonal codes, with variable length and weight, are investigated in this thesis for their cardinality. The variable weight and variable length codes were created by combining optical orthogonal codes with different parameters.

I have found that for variable length OOC:s of weight 2 it seems to be possible to increase the cardinality of a code, but for codes with higer weights than that, it is better that all users are assigned codewords of the same length. But since an upper bound for the cardinality of these types of codes has not been found, it is not possible to verify if this conclusion is correct. For variable weight OOC:s it is found that it is only possible to increase the cardinality of small, not optimal, codes. For codes including many codewords it is rarely possible to include more codewords without breaking the conditions on cross correlation between the codewords.

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Bratcher, Charlotte. "Maternal Age: Influence on Length of Gestation and Birth Weight." TopSCHOLAR®, 1997. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/769.

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The findings indicated no significant differences among the age groups in relation to infant birth weight nor in relation to the risk factors of smoking, maternal weight gain, trimester of first entry into prenatal care, or marital status They did indicate a significant difference [F(2,85) = 4.1364, p < .05] between the oldest and the youngest group (CD = 3.37, a = .05) in relation to gestational length. These findings are significant for healthcare providers in rural areas, since much of the previous research had been done in highly urbanized or inner city settings.
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Howell, Jason Alan Shields Edgar W. Jr. "A comparative study examining the difference between the offensive production of the -5 length to weight collegiate baseball bat and the -3 length to weight collegiate baseball bat." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,1542.

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Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008.
Title from electronic title page (viewed Sep. 16, 2008). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Exercise and Sport Science Sport Administration." Discipline: Exercise and Sports Science; Department/School: Exercise and Sport Science.
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Geduld, Heike. "Validation of weight estimation by age and length based methods in the South African population." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25777.

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Paediatric resuscitation can be a stressful event for many clinicians. It is compounded by the need to calculate accurate drug dosages and equipment sizes for many interventions. These calculations are most often based on weight, which is a difficult parameter to obtain. It is rare that one is able to weigh a child before a resuscitation. There are many different methods available for weight estimation. Most of these are formulae based on age but length based tools are often used. Most of these formulae were derived in developed world populations and have become inaccurate due to the changing weights and heights of children. The aim of this study was to evaluate 4 weight estimation methods (APLS, Luscombe and Owens, Best Guess and Broselow® Tape) to determine which are accurate for weight estimation in South African Children. These 4 formulae were also used to calculate the doses of adrenaline (0.1 m/kg of 1: 10000), Fluid bolus (20ml/kg) and First Shock defibrillation dose (2J/Kg) to determine which were clinically useful. A database of 3233 children between 1 and 12 years seen at Red Cross Hospital· Trauma Unit in Cape Town during 2002 was used. Measured weight was compared to estimated weights from all 4 methods and Intervention doses calculated from measured weight was compared to doses from weight estimation methods. APLS formula and the Broselow® Tape showed the best correlation with measured weight. Mean percent error- 6.4% for APLS for 1-10 year olds and -10% error for Broselow® tape in children <145cm length. Both the Best Guess and Luscombe and Owens formulae tended to overestimate weight (+13.4% and +17.6 % respectively). The Broselow tape was most accurate for dosages of all interventions but little difference existed between methods. The APLS and Broselow® tape are most accurate in estimating weight in the South African population, even though they have a tendency to underestimate weight.
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Reinsberg, Stefan A. "Length scales of dynamic heterogeneities of low and high molecular weight glass formers from multidimensional NMR." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. http://ArchiMeD.uni-mainz.de/pub/2002/0028/diss.pdf.

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Sun, Jonghun. "The Effect of Using Large versus Small Units in Quantitative Estimates of Length, Weight, and Volume." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1351279308.

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Bailey, Beth, and Judy G. McCook. "The Potential “Double Whammy” of Cigarette Smoking and SSRI Use in Pregnancy: Reduced Infant Weight and Length." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7181.

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Foster, Adam D. "The developmental origins and functional role of postcranial adaptive morphology in human bipedal anatomy." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/333343.

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When considering the array of terrestrial locomotor behaviors, bipedalism is a particularly rare way of moving about the landscape. In fact, humans are the only obligate terrestrial mammalian bipeds. Therefore, understanding both how and why it evolved is particularly intriguing. However, there is debate over why the evolution of bipedalism occurred and there is a large gap in knowledge for the mechanisms that underpin the evolution of these adaptive morphologies. One complicating factor for sorting out which models best explain how our hominin ancestors became bipedal is that they all rely on the same set of traits. Moreover, many of the traits that are thought to be diagnostic of bipedalism are only linked by association and have not been experimentally tested. That is, they do not appear in non-human primates and other quadrupeds. Therefore, addressing why the evolution of bipedalism occurred requires understanding the adaptive significance of traits linked with bipedalism. In this dissertation, I use an experimental approach employing both human and animal models to explore links between morphology and behavior and to tease apart the adaptive significance of particular traits. For the human portion of the dissertation, I use an inverse dynamics approach (estimating muscle forces from kinematic, kinetic, and anatomical data) to determine how modern human anatomy functions while walking using ape-like postures to clarify the links between morphology and energy costs in different mechanical regimes to determine the adaptive significance of postcranial anatomy. The results from this portion of the dissertation suggest that adopting different joint postures results in higher energy costs in humans due to an increase in active muscle volumes at the knee. These results lead to two conclusions important for understanding the evolution of human bipedalism. One is that human anatomy maintains low energy costs of walking in humans compared to chimpanzees regardless of lower limb postures. Second, the results suggest that erect trunk posture may be an important factor in reducing energy costs, therefore indicating that lumbar lordosis (the curvature of the lower spine) is important for reducing costs. For the animal portion of the dissertation, I use rats as a model for the quadrupedal-to-bipedal transition and experimentally induce bipedal posture and locomotion under a variety of loading conditions to determine if traits consistent with the evolution of bipedalism occur and under what conditions. This experimental design also has the ability to determine if there is a role for developmental plasticity in generating bipedal morphology to help answer the question how the evolution of bipedalism occurred. I find that inducing bipedal behaviors in a quadrupedal animal generates morphology consistent with human bipedal traits and that loading conditions have specific effects in different skeletal elements and at particular joints. I also find that there is a plausible role for developmental plasticity in generating adaptive bipedal morphology in the earliest hominins. Overall, the results from the experimental procedures in this dissertation were able to clarify links between behavior and bipedal morphology, demonstrate a plausible role for developmental plasticity in early adaptation to bipedal behavior in australopiths, determine the adaptive significance of human postcranial anatomy, and the ways in which postcranial anatomy reduces costs.
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Fonseca, Alinca Peres da. "Crescimento e reprodução do peixe anual Austrolebias wolterstorffi (cyprinodontiformes:rivulidae) em diferentes temperaturas." reponame:Repositório Institucional da FURG, 2011. http://repositorio.furg.br/handle/1/2700.

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Dissertação(mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Aqüicultura, Instituto de Oceanografia, 2011.
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A temperatura é um parâmetro que influencia na dinâmica de fatores bióticos, especialmente nos animais ectotérmicos. O ciclo de vida dos peixes anuais é afetado pela temperatura da água. Devido à fragilidade do habitat destes peixes à ações antrópicas, ameaça de extinção, importância dos mesmos como modelos biológicos e a lacuna no conhecimento da sua biologia, este trabalho tem como objetivo o estudo da influência da temperatura no crescimento e na reprodução de Austrolebias wolterstorffi. Logo após a eclosão foi dado início ao ensaio de crescimento em diferentes temperaturas, 16, 20, 24 e 28°C (todas com três repetições), com duração até os 67 dias de vida dos peixes. O presente trabalho evidenciou que a manutenção em 28°C é prejudicial ao crescimento de A.wolterstorffi no âmbito do período estudado Dentre as demais temperaturas testadas, foi verificado que a temperatura ótima para o crescimento diminui ao longo da vida, onde no inicio do ciclo, durante a fase juvenil, temperaturas mais elevadas (23,8° C) favorecem o crescimento, enquanto temperaturas intermediárias otimizam o crescimento de fêmeas (20,7°C) e machos (20,1°C) adultos. A temperatura ótima para o crescimento foi sempre ligeiramente inferior para os machos. O comprimento e o peso corporal demonstraram ser mais representativos na diferenciação do que a idade, pois os peixes com crescimento mais lento demoraram mais a diferenciar. Os machos crescem mais rápido que as fêmeas e, portanto, atingem a maturidade antes. Os ensaios de reprodução foram constituídos dos mesmos tratamentos do experimento de crescimento, porém as 12 UE foram dotadas de casais. Foram fornecidos ninhos para postura de ovos. De maneira geral, as fêmeas tratadas a 24°C apresentaram melhores resultados, pois além de manter o fator de condição (K) relativamente elevado, obtiveram altas taxas de fertilidade (FT) e fecundidade (FC). Dados registrados para K, FT, FC, índice gonadossomático e histologia dos testículos evidenciaram que o desempenho reprodutivo foi prejudicado na temperatura mais elevada. Portanto, os resultados do presente estudo sugerem que 24°C é a temperatura mais indicada para manter A. wolterstorffi durante todo o ciclo em cativeiro.
Temperature is especially important for the dynamics of biotic factors in poikilothermic animals. Life cycle of annual fish is affected by temperature. These fish inhabit fragile environments, susceptible to antropic actions, and as such some species are threatened with extinction. They are also important as biological models, but information on their bio-ecology is scarce. The aim of this work was to investigate the influence of temperature on growth and reproduction of Astrolebias wolterstorffi. Soon after hatching fish were exposed to 16, 20, 24 and 28°C, and their growth was followed for 67 days. Until 18 d.a.h (days after hatching) the growth is hampered at 16°C and do not show difference at 20, 24 and 28°C. Thereafter, the intermediate temperatures favor growth of juveniles, while extremes temperatures are prejudicial. After sexual differentiation, growth was improved for fish reared at 16°C, and reduced at 28°C. There is evidence suggestin that optimal growth temperature decrease with fish age. Juveniles grow faster at high temperature (23,8°C), whereas intermediate ones optimize the growth adults females (20,7°C) and males (20,1°C). Growth of males is higher at slightly lower temperatures than that optimal for growth of females. Maturation onset is defined by length rather than age, and at high temperatures maturation is observed earlier. Also, males mature earlier than females. For the reproduction study, 12 couples (150 d.a.h.) were distributed in 12 tanks at the same temperatures of the growth experiment. Reproduction output was favored when A. wolterstorffi were kept at 24°C. Furthermore, fish kept at 28°C presented the worst reproductive parameters, including condition factor, fertility, fecundity, gonadosomatic index, and also histological evidence. The results of the present studies suggest that A. wolterstorffi should be reared at 24°C during the whole cycle in captivity.
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Books on the topic "Length and weight"

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Kohler, Nancy E. Length-length and length-weight relationships for 13 shark species from the western North Atlantic. Woods Hole, Mass: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Northeast Region, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, 1996.

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Kohler, Nancy E. Length-length and length-weight relationships for 13 shark species from the western north Atlantic. Woods Hole, Mass: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Northeast Region, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, 1996.

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Kohler, Nancy E. Length-length and length-weight relationships for 13 shark species from the western North Atlantic. Woods Hole, Mass: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Northeast Region, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, 1996.

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Kohler, Nancy E. Length-length and length-weight relationships for 13 shark species from the western North Atlantic. Woods Hole, Mass: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Northeast Region, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, 1996.

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Kohler, Nancy E. Length-length and length-weight relationships for 13 shark species from the western North Atlantic. Woods Hole, Mass: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Northeast Region, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, 1996.

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World Health Organization (WHO). WHO child growth standards: Length/height-for-age, weight-for-age, weight-for-length, weight-for-height and body mass index-for-age : methods and development. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2006.

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Dugan, Sally. Measure for measure: Fascinating facts about length, weight, timeand temperature. London: BBC Books, 1993.

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Uchiyama, James H. Length-weight interrelationships for swordfish, Xiphias gladius L., caught in the central North Pacific. [La Jolla, Calif.]: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, 1999.

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Uchiyama, James H. Length-weight interrelationships for swordfish, Xiphias gladius L., caught in the central North Pacific. [La Jolla, Calif.]: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, 1999.

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Lloyd-Evans, Anna. A note on the length-weight relationship of Ethmalosa fimbriata (Bodwich) in Gambian waters. Banjul, Gambia: Ministry of Water Resources and the Environment, Fisheries Dept., 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Length and weight"

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Shah, Firdosh, and Mitesh Kumar Dwivedi. "Determination of Splenic Weight Index and Weight-to-Length Ratio." In Methods and Protocols in Food Science, 243–51. New York, NY: Springer US, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2509-5_26.

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Amano, Kazuyuki. "On XOR Lemma for Polynomial Threshold Weight and Length." In Language and Automata Theory and Applications, 259–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30000-9_20.

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Pettersson, Holger, and Hans Ringertz. "UT6 Renal length/body weight in premature infants [ultrasound]." In Measurements in Pediatric Radiology, 155. London: Springer London, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1844-2_69.

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Mikhalev, Yuri. "Analysis of the Correlation Between Whale Length and Weight." In Advances in Polar Ecology, 31–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29252-2_2.

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Das, Basant Kumar, Dharm Nath Jha, Sanjeev Kumar Sahu, Anil Kumar Yadav, Rohan Kumar Raman, and M. Kartikeyan. "Analysis and Interpretation of Weight-Length Data of Fish." In Concept Building in Fisheries Data Analysis, 161–71. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4411-6_9.

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Masundire, Hillary M. "Mean individual dry weight and length-weight regressions of some zooplankton of Lake Kariba." In Studies on the Ecology of Tropical Zooplankton, 231–38. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0884-3_16.

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Kurup, B. Madhusoodana, M. Harikrishnan, A. V. Shibu, and Sileesh Mullasseri. "Length Weight elationship of Oxyurichthys tentacularis, (Valenciennes, 1837) inhabiting Ashtamudi Kerala." In Impact of Climate Change on Hydrological Cycle, Ecosystem, Fisheries and Food Security, 229–47. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003299769-24.

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Mohan, Remya, M. Harikrishnan, and E. Sherly Williams. "Length Weight Relationship of Oxyurichthys tentacularis, (Valenciennes, 1837) inhabiting Ashtamudi Lake, Kerala." In Impact of Climate Change on Hydrological Cycle, Ecosystem, Fisheries and Food Security, 275–78. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003299769-28.

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Camion, P., B. Courteau, and A. Monpetit. "Coset Weight Enumerators of the Extremal Self-Dual Binary Codes of Length 32." In Eurocode ’92, 17–29. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-2786-5_2.

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Das, Priyanka, Rajeev N. Bahuguna, Rohit Joshi, Sneh Lata Singla-Pareek, and Ashwani Pareek. "In search of mutants for gene discovery and functional genomics for multiple stress tolerance in rice." In Mutation breeding, genetic diversity and crop adaptation to climate change, 444–50. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249095.0045.

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Abstract Mutation breeding is a commanding tool, which has been adapted to generate altered genetic material to study functional genomics, including understanding the molecular basis of stress tolerance. Hitherto, several rice lines have been generated through mutagenesis and the mutated genes responsible for the 'gain of function' in terms of plant architecture, stress tolerance, disease resistance and grain quality have been characterized. Oryza sativa L. cv. IR64 is a high-yielding rice cultivar but sensitive to abiotic stresses such as acute temperatures, salinity and drought. In this study, a population of rice IR64 mutants was generated using gamma irradiation. The population was then subjected to a preliminary phenotypic screening under abiotic stresses such as heat and salinity at the seedling stage. On the basis of root length, shoot length, fresh weight, dry weight and chlorophyll measurements, we identified eight 'gain-of-function' mutant lines and used them for further biochemical and molecular characterization. Phenotyping results demonstrated that the identified mutant plants have gained the potential to thrive under heat and salinity conditions. This information would be of wide scientific interest and helpful for developing novel cultivars able to maintain yield in saline, hot and dry areas.
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Conference papers on the topic "Length and weight"

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Al-jebory, Taymaa A., Simon K. Das, Gires Usup, Y. Bakar, and Ali H. Al-saadi. "Length-weight and length-length relationships of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) in the middle and southern Iraq provinces." In THE 2017 UKM FST POSTGRADUATE COLLOQUIUM: Proceedings of the University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Faculty of Science and Technology 2017 Postgraduate Colloquium. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5027940.

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Chen, Kuo-Quan, Ruey-Chy Kao, and Frederick L. W. Tang. "The Relationship Between Wave Length and Weight of Armour Blocks." In 20th International Conference on Coastal Engineering. New York, NY: American Society of Civil Engineers, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780872626003.132.

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Liu, Guixiong, Jingrong Yi, Yan Xiao, and Cunyin Hu. "Length and weight measuring system for steel-pipe in fieldwork." In Photonics Asia 2002, edited by Zhicheng Weng, Jose M. Sasian, and Yongtian Wang. SPIE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.479545.

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Shum, Kenneth W. "On conflict-avoiding codes of weight three and odd length." In 2011 Fifth International Workshop on Signal Design and its Applications in Communications (IWSDA). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iwsda.2011.6159407.

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Zhang, Di, Yuhua Liu, Cui Xu, and Yongqiang Qi. "One OCDMA PON System with 2D Multi-Length Two-Weight CHPCs." In 2nd International Symposium on Computer, Communication, Control and Automation. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/isccca.2013.215.

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Sugiyama, Kenji, and Yuichi Kaji. "On the minimum weight of simple full-length array LDPC codes." In 2007 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isit.2007.4557314.

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Jijun, Xue. "Research on Minimum Length Calculation of Skid-Mounted Small-Diameter Pipe Weight Bar." In Proceedings of the 2019 International Conference on Precision Machining, Non-Traditional Machining and Intelligent Manufacturing (PNTIM 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/pntim-19.2019.2.

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Hong-Mei Wang. "Impact of magnetic field cutting on mung bean buds length and fresh weight." In 2009 International Conference on Future BioMedical Information Engineering (FBIE). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fbie.2009.5405907.

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Gonzalez, Dibet, Nelson Alves, Ricardo Figueiredo, Pedro Maia, and Miguel Lopez. "Automated Vision System for Cutting Fixed-weight or Fixed-length Frozen Fish Portions." In 8th International Conference on Pattern Recognition Applications and Methods. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0007482407070714.

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Priante, Michelle, David Tyrell, and Benjamin Perlman. "The Influence of Train Type, Car Weight, and Train Length on Passenger Train Crashworthiness." In ASME/IEEE 2005 Joint Rail Conference. ASME, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/rtd2005-70042.

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Reports on the topic "Length and weight"

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Sefcik, David, and Lisa Warfield. Guide for labeling consumer packages by weight, volume, count, or measure (length, area, or thickness). Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, June 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.sp.1020.

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Fryar, Cheryl D., Deanna Kruszon-Moran, Qiuping Gu, Margaret Carroll, and Cynthia L. Ogden. Mean body weight, height, waist circumference, and body mass index among children and adolescents : United States, 1999–2018. National Center for Health Statistics, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15620/cdc:107559.

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Badami, Kaswan, Budi Setiadi Daryono, Achmad Amzeri, and Syaiful Khoiri. COMBINING ABILITY AND HETEROTIC STUDIES ON HYBRID MELON (Cucumis melo L.) POPULATIONS FOR FRUIT YIELD AND QUALITY TRAITS. SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21107/amzeri.2020.3.

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In different crop plants, combining ability and heterosis are used as important diagnostic tools for assessing the performance of parental genotypes and their hybrids. This research aimed to evaluate heterotic and combining ability effects in the diallel crosses of melon (Cucumis melo L.) for yield- and quality-related traits. Seven melon (C. melo L.) genotypes were grown and crossed in a complete diallel fashion to produce F1 hybrids. During the 2019 crop season, 49 melon genotypes (7 parents + 42 F1 hybrids) were grown in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Observations were made for seven characters. Analysis of variance revealed significant (P ≤ 0.01) differences among the melon genotypes for harvest age, fruit flesh thickness, fruit total soluble solids, fruit length, and fruit diameter and merely significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) for fruit weight. Combining ability analysis revealed that mean squares due to general combining ability (GCA) were significant for fruit diameter but were nonsignificant for all other traits. However, mean squares due to specific combining ability (SCA) were significant for all traits. The parental genotypes PK-165, PK-464, and PK-669 exhibited the highest and desirable GCA effects for yield and quality traits. Hence, these genotypes could be used to generate high-yielding hybrid/open-pollinated cultivars. GCA:SCA ratios further revealed that the traits of harvest age, fruit flesh thickness, fruit total soluble solids, fruit length, and fruit weight were controlled by dominant gene action, whereas fruit diameter was managed by additive and dominant genes. The majority of the traits were controlled by nonadditive gene action, verifying that the said breeding material could be efficiently used for the production of hybrid cultivars on the basis of heterotic effects.
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Komiya, Zen, Coleen Pugh, and Richard R. Schrock. Synthesis of Side Chain Liquid Crystal Polymers by Living Ring Opening Metathesis Polymerization. 1. Influence of Molecular Weight, Polydispersity, and Flexible Spacer Length (n=2-8) on the Thermotropic behavior of the Resulting Polymers. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada248699.

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Lichter, Amnon, David Obenland, Nirit Bernstein, Jennifer Hashim, and Joseph Smilanick. The role of potassium in quality of grapes after harvest. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7597914.bard.

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Objectives: The objectives of the proposal were to study how potassium (K) enters the berry and in what tissues it accumulates, to determine what is the sensitive phenological stage that is responsive to K, to study the influence of K on sugar translocation, to determine if K has effects on expression of genes in source and sink organs and to study applied aspects of the responses to K at the vineyard level. During the research it was realized that K acts externally so a major part of the original objectives had to be deserted and new ones, i.e. the role of K in enhancing water loss from the berry, had to be developed. In addition, the US partners developed practical objectives of understanding the interaction of K application and water deficit as well as application of growth regulators. Background: In our preliminary data we showed that application of K at mid-ripening enhanced sugar accumulation of table grapes. This finding is of major implications to both early and late harvested grapes and it was essential to understand the mode of action of this treatment. Our major hypothesis was that K enters the berry and by that increases sugar translocation into the berry. In addition it was important to cover practical issues of the application which may influence its efficacy and its reproducibility. Conclusions: The major conclusion from the research was that our initial hypothesis was wrong. Mineral analysis of pulp tissue indicated that upon application of K there was a significant increase in most of the major minerals. Subsequently, we developed a new hypothesis that K acts by increasing the water loss from the berry. In vitro studies of K-treated berries corroborated this hypothesis showing greater weight-loss of treated berries. This was not necessarily expressed in the vineyard as in some experiments berry weight remained unchanged, suggesting that the vine compensated for the enhanced water loss. Importantly, we also discovered that the efficacy of different K salts was strongly correlated to the pH of the salt solution: basic K salts had better efficacy than neutral or acidic salts and modifying the pH of the same salt changed its efficacy. It was therefore suggested that K changes the properties of the cuticle making it more susceptible to water loss. Of the practical aspects it was found that application of K to the clusters was sufficient to trigger its affect and that dual application of K had a stronger effect than single application. With regard to timing, it was realized that application of K after veraison was affective and the berries responded also when ripe. While the effect of K application was significant at harvest, it was mostly insignificant one week after application, suggesting that prolonged exposure to K was required. Implications: The scientific implications of the study are that the external mineral composition of the berry may have a significant role in sugar accumulation and that water loss may have an important role in sugar accumulation in grapes. It is not entirely clear how K modulates the cuticle but according to the literature its incorporation into the cuticle may increase its polarity and facilitate generation of "water bridges" between the flesh and the environment. The practical implications of this study are very significant because realizing the mode of action of K can facilitate a much more efficient application strategy. For example, it can be understood that sprays must be directed to the clusters rather than the whole vines and it can be predicted that the length of exposure is important. Also, by increasing the pH of simple K salts, the efficacy of the treatment can be enhanced, saving in the costs of the treatment. Finally, the ability of grape growers to apply K in a safe and knowledgeable way can have significant impact on the length of the season of early grape cultivars and improve the flavor of high grape yields which may otherwise have compromised sugar levels.
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Goetsch, Arthur L., Yoav Aharoni, Arieh Brosh, Ryszard (Richard) Puchala, Terry A. Gipson, Zalman Henkin, Eugene D. Ungar, and Amit Dolev. Energy Expenditure for Activity in Free Ranging Ruminants: A Nutritional Frontier. United States Department of Agriculture, June 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7696529.bard.

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Heat production (HP) or energy expenditure for activity (EEa) is of fundamental nutritional importance for livestock because it determines the proportion of ingested nutrients available for productive functions. Previous estimates of EEa are unreliable and vary widely with different indirect methodologies. This leads to erroneous nutritional strategies, especially when intake on pasture does not meet nutritional requirements and supplementation is necessary for acceptable production. Therefore, the objective of this project was to measure EEa in different classes of livestock (beef cattle and goats) over a wide range of ecological and management conditions to develop and evaluate simple means of prediction. In the first study in Israel, small frame (SF) and large frame (LF) cows (268 and 581 kg) were monitored during spring, summer, and autumn. Feed intake by SF cows per unit of metabolic weight was greater (P < 0.001) than that by LF cows in both spring and summer and their apparent selection of higher quality herbage in spring was greater (P < 0.10) than that of LF cows. SF cows grazed more hours per day and walked longer distances than the LF cows during all seasons. The coefficient of specific costs of activities (kJ•kg BW-0.75•d-1) and of locomotion (J•kg BW-0.75•m-1) were smaller for the SF cows. In the second study, cows were monitored in March, May, and September when they grazed relatively large plots, 135 and 78 ha. Energy cost coefficients of standing, grazing, and horizontal locomotion derived were similar to those of the previous study based on data from smaller plots. However, the energy costs of walking idle and of vertical locomotion were greater than those found by Brosh et al. (2006) but similar to those found by Aharoni et al. (2009). In the third study, cows were monitored in February and May in a 78-ha plot with an average slope of 15.5°, whereas average plot slopes of the former studies ranged between 4.3 and 6.9°. Energy cost coefficients of standing, grazing, and walking idle were greater than those calculated in the previous studies. However, the estimated energy costs of locomotion were lower in the steeper plot. A comparison on a similar HP basis, i.e., similar metabolizable energy (ME) intake, shows that the daily energy spent on activities in relation to daily HP increased by 27% as the average plot slope increased from 5.8 and 6.02 to 15.5°. In the fourth study, cows grazing in a woodland habitat were monitored as in previous studies in December, March, and July. Data analysis is in progress. In the first US experiment, Boer and Spanish does with two kids were used in an experiment beginning in late spring at an average of 24 days after kidding. Two does of each breed resided in eight 0.5-ha grass/forb pastures. Periods of 56, 60, 63, 64, and 73 days in length corresponded to mid-lactation, early post-weaning, the late dry period, early gestation, and mid-gestation. EEa expressed as a percentage of the ME requirement for maintenance plus activity in confinement (EEa%) was not influenced by stocking rate, breed, or period, averaging 49%. Behavioral activities (e.g., time spent grazing, walking, and idle, distance traveled) were not highly related to EEa%, although no-intercept regressions against time spent grazing/eating and grazing/eating plus walking indicated an increase in EEa% of 5.8 and 5.1%/h, respectively. In the second study, animal types were yearling Angora doeling goats, yearling Boer wether goats, yearling Spanish wether goats, and Rambouilletwether sheep slightly more than 2 yr of age. Two animals of each type were randomly allocated to one of four pastures 9.3, 12.3, 4.6, and 1.2 ha in area. The experiment was conducted in the summer with three periods, 30, 26, and 26 days in length. EEa% was affected by an interaction between animal type and period (Angora: 16, 17, and 15; Boer: 60, 67, and 34; Spanish: 46, 62, and 42; sheep: 22, 12, and 22% in periods 1, 2, and 3, respectively (SE = 6.1)). EEa% of goats was predicted with moderate accuracy (R2 = 0.40-0.41) and without bias from estimates of 5.8 and 5.1%/h spent grazing/eating and grazing/eating plus walking, respectively, determined in the first experiment; however, these methods were not suitable for sheep. These methods of prediction are simpler and more accurate than currently recommended for goats by the National Research Council.
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Christopher, David A., and Avihai Danon. Plant Adaptation to Light Stress: Genetic Regulatory Mechanisms. United States Department of Agriculture, May 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7586534.bard.

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Original Objectives: 1. Purify and biochemically characterize RB60 orthologs in higher plant chloroplasts; 2. Clone the gene(s) encoding plant RB60 orthologs and determine their structure and expression; 3. Manipulate the expression of RB60; 4. Assay the effects of altered RB60 expression on thylakoid biogenesis and photosynthetic function in plants exposed to different light conditions. In addition, we also examined the gene structure and expression of RB60 orthologs in the non-vascular plant, Physcomitrella patens and cloned the poly(A)-binding protein orthologue (43 kDa RB47-like protein). This protein is believed to a partner that interacts with RB60 to bind to the psbA5' UTR. Thus, to obtain a comprehensive view of RB60 function requires analysis of its biochemical partners such as RB43. Background & Achievements: High levels of sunlight reduce photosynthesis in plants by damaging the photo system II reaction center (PSII) subunits, such as D1 (encoded by the chloroplast tpsbAgene). When the rate of D1 synthesis is less than the rate of photo damage, photo inhibition occurs and plant growth is decreased. Plants use light-activated translation and enhanced psbAmRNA stability to maintain D1 synthesis and replace the photo damaged 01. Despite the importance to photosynthetic capacity, these mechanisms are poorly understood in plants. One intriguing model derived from the algal chloroplast system, Chlamydomonas, implicates the role of three proteins (RB60, RB47, RB38) that bind to the psbAmRNA 5' untranslated leader (5' UTR) in the light to activate translation or enhance mRNA stability. RB60 is the key enzyme, protein D1sulfide isomerase (Pill), that regulates the psbA-RN :Binding proteins (RB's) by way of light-mediated redox potentials generated by the photosystems. However, proteins with these functions have not been described from higher plants. We provided compelling evidence for the existence of RB60, RB47 and RB38 orthologs in the vascular plant, Arabidopsis. Using gel mobility shift, Rnase protection and UV-crosslinking assays, we have shown that a dithiol redox mechanism which resembles a Pill (RB60) activity regulates the interaction of 43- and 30-kDa proteins with a thermolabile stem-loop in the 5' UTR of the psbAmRNA from Arabidopsis. We discovered, in Arabidopsis, the PD1 gene family consists of II members that differ in polypeptide length from 361 to 566 amino acids, presence of signal peptides, KDEL motifs, and the number and positions of thioredoxin domains. PD1's catalyze the reversible formation an disomerization of disulfide bonds necessary for the proper folding, assembly, activity, and secretion of numerous enzymes and structural proteins. PD1's have also evolved novel cellular redox functions, as single enzymes and as subunits of protein complexes in organelles. We provide evidence that at least one Pill is localized to the chloroplast. We have used PDI-specific polyclonal and monoclonal antisera to characterize the PD1 (55 kDa) in the chloroplast that is unevenly distributed between the stroma and pellet (containing membranes, DNA, polysomes, starch), being three-fold more abundant in the pellet phase. PD1-55 levels increase with light intensity and it assembles into a high molecular weight complex of ~230 kDa as determined on native blue gels. In vitro translation of all 11 different Pill's followed by microsomal membrane processing reactions were used to differentiate among PD1's localized in the endoplasmic reticulum or other organelles. These results will provide.1e insights into redox regulatory mechanisms involved in adaptation of the photosynthetic apparatus to light stress. Elucidating the genetic mechanisms and factors regulating chloroplast photosynthetic genes is important for developing strategies to improve photosynthetic efficiency, crop productivity and adaptation to high light environments.
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Lutz, Carsten. Interval-based Temporal Reasoning with General TBoxes. Aachen University of Technology, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.109.

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Aus der Motivation: Description Logics (DLs) are a family of formalisms well-suited for the representation of and reasoning about knowledge. Whereas most Description Logics represent only static aspects of the application domain, recent research resulted in the exploration of various Description Logics that allow to, additionally, represent temporal information, see [4] for an overview. The approaches to integrate time differ in at least two important aspects: First, the basic temporal entity may be a time point or a time interval. Second, the temporal structure may be part of the semantics (yielding a multi-dimensional semantics) or it may be integrated as a so-called concrete domain. Examples for multi-dimensional point-based logics can be find in, e.g., [21;29], while multi-dimensional interval-based logics are used in, e.g., [23;2]. The concrete domain approach needs some more explanation. Concrete domains have been proposed by Baader and Hanschke as an extension of Description Logics that allows reasoning about 'concrete qualities' of the entities of the application domain such as sizes, length, or weights of real-worlds objects [5]. Description Logics with concrete domains do usually not use a fixed concrete domain; instead the concrete domain can be thought of as a parameter to the logic. As was first described in [16], if a 'temporal' concrete domain is employed, then concrete domains may be point-based, interval-based, or both.
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Introduction Success of Less Common Species from the Genus Berberis L. Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3641.

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The study dealt with the patterns of adaptation of the genus Berberis L. low-abundant alien plants to the climatic conditions of the steppe zone of Ukraine. The success of the introduction, which was conducted on the territory of the Botanical Garden of Oles Honchar Dnipro National University (city of Dnipro) near 60 years ago, was evaluated by a set of indicators. According to the study of phenological rhythms, introduced plants can be characterized as plants with a relatively short growing season, a relatively long shoot growth, a short flowering period and a long maturing period. This indicates the lability of the phenological rhythms of the introduced plants, which respond to changes in environmental conditions in terms of the beginning and end of the phenological phases. The aquatic regime of introduced plants reflects the level of their adaptation to the environment due to the ability of plant organism to withstand water consumption. The study of water exchange features of Berberis L. plants revealed a moderate decrease in the intensity of transpiration and a moderate water deficit in the plant leaves, which indicates the adaptation of the species to the difficult climatic conditions of the steppe zone. The response of introduced plants to the level of moisture in the steppe region confirmed the universal mechanism of plant adaptation to arid conditions. Comparative analysis of the reproductive ability of introduced plants of the genus Berberis L. in the conditions of the Botanical Garden revealed a significant variability of quantitative indicators. The weight of 100 fruits ranged from 12.5 g (B. vulgaris) to 16.3 g (B. declinata). Seed length varied from 4.5 mm (B. canadensis) to 5.2 mm (B. declinata, B. amurensis), seed width varied from 1.8 mm (B. amurensis, B. vulgaris) to 2.1 mm (B. koreana). The highest mass of 1000 seeds was observed in the species B. koreana. To compare sample averages, the criterion for the significant difference of Tukey's group averages was used. The investigated plants of the genus Berberis L. can be recommended for the introduction into large-scale and individual gardening in order to expand the range of fruit products and obtain biologically valuable raw materials for the industrial production of functional products.
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