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1
Pressnell, L. S., and Sheila V. Hopkins. "A canard out of time? Churchill, the War Cabinet and The Atlantic Charter, August 1941." Review of International Studies 14, no. 3 (July 1988): 223–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210500113282.
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1. The charges against ChurchillDid Mr Churchill, Britain's wartime Prime Minister, display ‘cavalier behaviour5 towards his Cabinet over The Atlantic Charter9 of 1941? Having decided ‘to ignore’ their views, did he somehow seek to ensure, ‘rather ineptly’, that crucial telegrams should conceal his deviousness?Dr A. P. Dobson makes these accusations in this Review in April 1984,] They relate to ‘RIVIERA’, Churchill’s first wartime meeting with President Roosevelt, between 9 and 12 August 1941 in Placentia Bay, Newfoundland. Concerned primarily with wartime collaboration, though the United States was not yet formally a belligerent, the two leaders outlined peace aims in a hastily drafted joint declaration, promptly named ‘The Atlantic Charter’. Their fierce debate over its fourth economic ‘Point’ reflected American pressure to secure advantage from assistance, under the Lend-Lease Act of March 1941, to Britain's war effort.
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Heonyong Sim. "US-Soviets Military Cooperation regarding the Soviet Union’s participation in Counter-Japanese War during World War II - Focused on the role of 'Lend-lease Act' and 'Project Hula' -." military history ll, no. 105 (December 2017): 227–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.29212/mh.2017..105.227.
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Barrow, Clyde W. "The Diversionary Thesis and the Dialectic of Imperialism: Charles A. Beard's Theory of American Foreign Policy Revisited." Studies in American Political Development 11, no. 2 (1997): 248–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898588x00001668.
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In 1916, Charles A. Beard was denouncing Germany as “a danger to civilization” and calling for American participation in World War I on the side of the Entente Allies. Like John Dewey and other social-democrats, Beard saw the Great War as an opportunity to advance the interests of the European working class by breaking “the union of the Hohenzollern military caste and the German masses whose radical leaders are Social Democrats”. Even after the Versailles Treaty, Beard continued to embrace the Wilsonian theme that the Great War had been fought to make the world safe for democracy. However, by the mid–1980s, he was staunchly opposed to war with Germany and Japan, had come to embrace the revisionist history of World War I, and even testified before Congress against the Lend-Lease Act. Thus, intellectual historians agree that somewhere between the end of World War I and the 1930s, Beard shifted from internationalism to isolationism and, indeed, a few critics have referred to him as a pacifist in his later years. Within the umbrella of this consensus, debates among biographers, intellectual and diplomatic historians, have come to center largely on identifying the timing and the reasons for Beard's “conversion” to isolationism. Not coincidentally, during the 1960s and 1970s, Beard's writings on foreign policy and diplomatic history enjoyed a resurgence among many on the New Left who were constructing their own revisionist history critical of America's political and military involvement in various Third World countries. Today, Beard's views are still cited in international relations and history textbooks as an example of isolationist theory in American foreign policy.
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Fomin, A. M. "British Policy and Strategy in the Middle East in 1941: Three Wars ‘East of Suez’." Moscow University Bulletin of World Politics 12, no. 3 (November 20, 2020): 191–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.48015/2076-7404-2020-12-3-191-221.
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After the defeat of France in the summer of 1940, Great Britain was left face to face with the Nazi Germany. It managed to endure the first act of the ‘Battle of Britain’, but could not wage a full-scale war on the continent. Under these conditions, the defense of the British positions in the Mediterranean and in the Middle East became a top priority for W. Churchill’s cabinet. The author examines three episodes of Great Britain’s struggle for the Middle East in 1941 (Iraq, Syria, Iran), framing them into the general logic of the German-British confrontation during this period.The author emphasizes that potential assertion of German hegemony in the Middle East could have made the defense of Suez almost impossible, as well as the communication with India, and would have provided the Reich with an access to almost inexhaustible supplies of fuel. Widespread antiBritish sentiments on the part of the local political and military elites could contribute greatly to the realization of such, catastrophic for Britain, scenario. Under these circumstances, the British government decided to capture the initiative. The paper examines the British military operations in Iraq and Syria. Special attention is paid to the complex dynamics of relations of the British cabinet with the Vichy regime and the Free France movement. As the author notes, the sharpest disagreements aroused on the future of Syria and Lebanon, and the prospects of granting them independence. In the Iran’s case, the necessity of harmonizing policies with the Soviet Union came to the fore. The growing German influence in the region, as well as the need to establish a new route for Lend-Lease aid to the USSR, fostered mutual understanding. After the joint Anglo-Soviet military operation in August-September 1941, Iran was divided into occupation zones. Finally, the paper examines the UK position with regard to the neutrality of Turkey. The author concludes that all these military operations led to the creation of a ‘temporary regime’ of the British domination in the Middle East. However, the Anglo-French and Anglo-Soviet rivalries had not disappeared and, compounded by the growing US presence in the region, laid basis for new conflicts in the post-war period.
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Prohaska, Ariane, and John F. Zipp. "Gender Inequality and the Family and Medical Leave Act." Journal of Family Issues 32, no. 11 (April 4, 2011): 1425–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x11403280.
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In this article, we use feminist theories of the state to examine why the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) has had relatively little impact on increasing men’s caregiving after the birth or adoption of a child. An analysis of witness testimonies and of the language of the proposed bill at three different stages of its development revealed that as the business community became more vocal in its opposition to the bill, benefits for workers were reduced and testimonies discussing how FMLA could help alleviate gender inequality all but disappeared. We argue that making gender inequality in caregiving a focal point of discussions during the development of the bill could result in a policy that encourages men to use it and, in turn, lead to an increase in caregiving by fathers.
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Gately, D. J. "QUEENSLAND PETROLEUM ACT — RUSTING ANACHRONISM OR WELL-OILED DISCRETION?" APPEA Journal 26, no. 1 (1986): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj85005.
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Petroleum legislation in Queensland has been in place for some 70 years. Today's explorer finds that many of his rights derive from concepts and practices formulated well before the advent of the complicated farmout and joint venture arrangements that increasingly form the framework of exploration activities.The primary tenement for exploration is the Authority to Prospect. However, the legislation is largely silent with respect to Authorities to Prospect, leaving the great bulk of issues arising out of that form of tenement to be determined by the Minster in his absolute and unfettered discretion; while the need for workable administrative practices will entail some uniformity, certainty as to the rights arising out of any Authority to Prospect can only be gained by reverting to the actual authority document.The explorer expects that his exploration rights (i) will not be unduly hampered by competing rights of land owners; (ii) will be capable of being dealt with and assigned in accordance with current industry practices; and (iii) will in the event of success lead to the grant to him of a production title. Those expectations are not entirely satisfied, and the paper recommends certain reforms, including:an express legislative statement that the holder of an Authority to Prospect has exclusive rights to explore in respect of the area the subject of his authority;that the holder of an Authority to Prospect satisfy the obligation to make compensation prior to entry by the lodging of a security bond;that compensation be determined at first instance in the Land Court;that the statutory right to the grant of a Petroleum Lease to the holder of an Authority to Prospect be restored.
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Millar, Stephen R. "Let the people sing? Irish rebel songs, sectarianism, and Scotland's Offensive Behaviour Act." Popular Music 35, no. 3 (September 14, 2016): 297–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261143016000519.
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AbstractIrish rebel songs afford Scotland's Irish diaspora a means to assert, experience and perform their alterity free from the complexities of the Irish language. Yet this benign intent can be offset by how the music is perceived by elements of Scotland's majority Protestant population. The Scottish Government's Offensive Behaviour Act (2012) has been used to prosecute those singing Irish rebel songs and there is continuing debate as to how this alleged offence should be dealt with. This article explores the social function and cultural perception of Irish rebel songs in the west coast of Scotland, examining what qualities lead to a song being perceived as ‘sectarian’, by focusing on song lyrics, performance context and extra-musical discourse. The article explores the practice of lyrical ‘add-ins’ that inflect the meaning of key songs, and argues that the sectarianism of a song resides, at least in part, in the perception of the listener.
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Kladis, G. P., J. T. Economou, A. Tsourdos, B. A. White, and K. Knowles. "Fault diagnosis with matrix analysis for electrically actuated unmanned aerial vehicles." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 223, no. 5 (May 1, 2009): 543–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544100jaero422.
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Because of their large operational potential, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) may be required to perform over long periods of time, which might lead to potential degradation or even failure of their electrical or/and mechanical control surfaces and components. Consequently, the least failure can degrade the performance of the process and might lead to a catastrophic event. Therefore, an efficient mechanism should be capable of making these faults realizable and act accordingly so that a performance index is continuously maintained. However, even when a fault is detected at the monitoring phase, as illustrated in a previous work by Kladis and Economou [
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Loewy, Erich H. "Developing Habits and Knowing What Habits to Develop: A Look at the Role of Virtue in Ethics." Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 6, no. 3 (1997): 347–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180100008045.
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Virtue ethics attempts to identify certain commonly agreed-upon dispositions to act in certain ways, dispositions that would be accepted as ‘good’ by those affected, and to locate the goodness or badness of an act internal to the agent. Basically, virtue ethics is said to date back to Aristotle, but as Alisdair MacIntyre has pointed out, the whole idea of ‘virtue ethics’ would have been unintelligible in Greek philosophy for “a virtue (arete) was an excellence and ethics concerned excellence of character; all ethics was virtue ethics.” Virtue ethics as a method to approach problems in medical ethics is said by some to lend itself to working through cases at the bedside or, at least, is better than the conventional method of handling ethical problems. In this paper I want to explore some of the shortcomings of this approach, examine other traditional approaches, indicate some of their limitations, and suggest a different conceptualization of the approach.
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Salcedo, D., T. B. Onasch, A. C. Aiken, L. R. Williams, B. de Foy, M. J. Cubison, D. R. Worsnop, L. T. Molina, and J. L. Jimenez. "Determination of particulate lead using aerosol mass spectrometry: MILAGRO/MCMA-2006 observations." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 10, no. 12 (June 20, 2010): 5371–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-5371-2010.
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Abstract. We report the first measurements of particulate lead (Pb) from Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometers, which were deployed in and around Mexico City during the Megacity Initiative: Local and Global Research Observations (MILAGRO)/Mexico City Metropolitan Area 2006 (MCMA-2006) field campaigns. The high resolution mass spectrometer of one of the AMS instruments (HR-AMS) and the measured isotopic ratios unequivocally prove the detection of Pb in ambient particles. A substantial fraction of the lead evaporated slowly from the vaporizer of the instruments, which is indicative of species with low volatility at 600 °C. A model was developed in order to estimate the ambient particulate Pb entering the AMS from the signals in the "open" and the "closed" (or "background") mass spectrum modes of the AMS. The model suggests the presence of at least two lead fractions with ~25% of the Pb signal exhibiting rapid evaporation (1/e decay constant, τ<0.1 s) and ~75% exhibiting slow evaporation (τ~2.4 min) at the T0 urban supersite and a different fraction (70% prompt and 30% slow evaporation) at a site northwest from the metropolitan area (PEMEX site). From laboratory experiments with pure Pb(NO3)2 particles, we estimated that the Pb ionization efficiency relative to nitrate (RIEPb) is 0.5. Comparison of time series of AMS Pb with other measurements carried out at the T0 supersite during MILAGRO (using Proton Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE), Inductively-Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) and single-particle counts from an Aerosol Time-of-Fight Mass Spectrometer (ATOFMS)) shows similar levels (for PIXE and ICP-MS) and substantial correlation. During part of the campaign, sampling at T0 was alternated every 10 min with an Aerosol Concentrator, which enabled the detection of signals for PbCl+ and PbS+ ions. PbS+ displays the signature of a slowly evaporating species, while PbCl+ appears to arise only from fast evaporation, which is likely due to the higher vapor pressure of the compounds generating PbCl+. This is consistent with the evaporation model results. Levels of particulate Pb measured at T0 were similar to previous studies in Mexico City. Pb shows a diurnal cycle with a maximum in the early morning, which is typical of primary urban pollutants. Pb shows correlation with Zn, consistent with previous studies, while the sources of Pb appear to be at least partially disjoint from those of particulate chloride. Back trajectory analysis of the T0 Pb data suggests the presence of sources inside the urban area SSW and N of T0, with different chemical forms of Pb being associated with different source locations. High signals due to particulate lead were also detected in the PEMEX site; again, no correlation between Pb and chloride plumes was observed, suggesting mostly different sources for both species.
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WATSON, JADA. "The Dixie Chicks’ “Lubbock or Leave It”: Negotiating Identity and Place in Country Song." Journal of the Society for American Music 8, no. 1 (February 2014): 49–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752196313000606.
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AbstractThe concepts of “place,” “space,” and “home” are integral to the study of country music, a genre conventionally associated with geographic regions, rural landscapes, and domestic values. Place-songs have emerged as an important way in which country musicians communicate life experiences and define elements of their identity, emphasizing the influence of family and community on their character, beliefs, and values. However, just as place can signify belonging, it can also represent a constricting environment from which artists struggle to escape. Such narratives enable us to see vital parts of regional identity that would otherwise be hidden, obscured, or overshadowed.The Dixie Chicks’ song “Lubbock or Leave It” (2006) is an interesting case study for an inquiry into how artists struggle to define themselves within the country genre. The song spurred immediate uproar insofar as the lyrics portray lead singer Natalie Maines's hometown of Lubbock, Texas as small and narrow-minded. Many listeners and critics interpreted the song as a rejection of both Lubbock and country values. Drawing from the fields of cultural geography and musicology, this study examines how the Dixie Chicks draw on musical codes and conventions in an act of defiance and genre subversion, as they struggle with parochialism and conservative thinking.
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Foster, Charles. "The rebirth of medical paternalism: An NHS Trust v Y." Journal of Medical Ethics 45, no. 1 (October 9, 2018): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2018-105098.
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Over the last quarter of a century, English medical law has taken an increasingly firm stand against medical paternalism. This is exemplified by cases such as Bolitho v City and Hackney Health Authority, Chester v Afshar, and Montgomery v Lanarkshire Health Board. In relation to decision-making on behalf of incapacitous adults, the actuating principle of the Mental Capacity Act 2005 is respect for patient autonomy. The only lawful acts in relation to an incapacitous person are acts which are in the best interests of that person. The 2005 Act requires a holistic assessment of best interests. Best interests are wider than ‘medical best interests’. The 2018 judgment of the Supreme Court in An NHS Trust v Y (which concerned the question of whether a court needed to authorise the withdrawal of life-sustaining clinically administered nutrition/hydration (CANH) from patients in prolonged disorders of consciousness (PDOC)) risks reviving medical paternalism. The judgment, in its uncritical endorsement of guidelines from various medical organisations, may lend inappropriate authority to medical judgments of best interests and silence or render impotent non-medical contributions to the debate about best interests—so frustrating the 2005 Act. To minimise these dangers, a system of meditation should be instituted whenever it is proposed to withdraw (at least) life-sustaining CANH from (at least) patients with PDOC, and there needs to be a guarantee of access to the courts for families, carers and others who wish to challenge medical conclusions about withdrawal. This would entail proper public funding for such challenges.
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NIEMEYER, ALICE C., TOMASZ POPIEL, and CHERYL E. PRAEGER. "ALGORITHMS TO IDENTIFY ABUNDANT p-SINGULAR ELEMENTS IN FINITE CLASSICAL GROUPS." Bulletin of the Australian Mathematical Society 86, no. 1 (August 2012): 50–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0004972712000317.
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AbstractLet G be a finite d-dimensional classical group and p a prime divisor of ∣G∣ distinct from the characteristic of the natural representation. We consider a subfamily of p-singular elements in G (elements with order divisible by p) that leave invariant a subspace X of the natural G-module of dimension greater than d/2 and either act irreducibly on X or preserve a particular decomposition of X into two equal-dimensional irreducible subspaces. We proved in a recent paper that the proportion in G of these so-called p-abundant elements is at least an absolute constant multiple of the best currently known lower bound for the proportion of all p-singular elements. From a computational point of view, the p-abundant elements generalise another class of p-singular elements which underpin recognition algorithms for finite classical groups, and it is our hope that p-abundant elements might lead to improved versions of these algorithms. As a step towards this, here we present efficient algorithms to test whether a given element is p-abundant, both for a known prime p and for the case where p is not known a priori.
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Duxbury, Neil. "Liberalism, Self-interest and Precommitment: Critical Notice: Passions and Constraint: On the Theory of Liberal Democracy by Stephen Holmes." Canadian Journal of Law & Jurisprudence 9, no. 2 (July 1996): 383–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0841820900003507.
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Human reason is frequently frustrated. Efforts to act rationally—leave aside the fact that human beings are sometimes deliberately irrational—can be thwarted by a variety of obstacles and limitations. The fact that rationality often proves elusive ensures, among other things, that rationally-motivated courses of action sometimes have counter-productive consequences. Attempts to make certain goods and activities seem unattractive may lead people to be attracted to them. Endeavours to legislate in the public interest can sometimes make things worse for intended beneficiaries. Efforts at rational action, in short, can backfire.
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Tuulik, Krista, and Ruth Alas. "THE IMPACT OF THE VALUES OF TOP MANAGERS UPON THEIR SUBORDINATES VALUES." Journal of Business Economics and Management 4, no. 2 (June 30, 2003): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16111699.2003.9636045.
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Psychologists, sociologists, economists, management scholars, as well as other researchers from other disciplines have been attempting to find answers to two fundamental questions how to get better result out from people so that these people themselves would appreciate the methods used to manage/lead them and would be happy to act in their owners, managers/leaders favour. One key factor, which has been talked about, is values and especially shared values. If the employees and their managers have common/shared values the working together would be at least emotionally easier.
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Farø, Ken. "Können geflügelte Worte "wissenschaftlich" sein, oder gehören sie ins Raritätenkabinett? Eine Diskussion anlässlich zweier Neuerscheinungen." HERMES - Journal of Language and Communication in Business 18, no. 35 (March 8, 2017): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/hjlcb.v18i35.25825.
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How are we to understand and define stock quotations (Germ. geflügelte Worte, Dan. bevingede ord)? This is in my view far too important a task to leave to the publications collecting a highly interesting but nevertheless often heterogenous material under the header of this term. The material published does, so it seems, often not meet the require ments of this linguistic category when systematically defined. Two basic criteria must in my view be fulfilled if we are to speak of stock quotations: (1) the speech act citation (in broad terms) must be a genuine feature of the linguistic unit, and (2) the lexeme must be lexicalized. Other features such as polylexical structure and modification may be optional but they should, I suggest, not be seen as obligatory. Stock quotations are both a lexical as well as a highly pragmatic category as their genuine purpose is to perform a specific speech act. The discussion of stock quotations is undertaken on the grounds of two new dictionaries of this category, i.e. the German Büchmann (2002) and the Danish Bramsen (2001). Stock quotations do − in spite of what is claimed in one of these dictionaries − in fact lend themselves to scientific description.
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Igbo Igbeng, Emmanuel, Sunny Biobele Beredugo, and Vincent Adaka Adu. "Evaluation of Public Accountability and Tax Culture among Tax Payers in Nigeria." International Journal of Management Science and Business Administration 1, no. 9 (2015): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/ijmsba.1849-5664-5419.2014.19.1001.
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This study is about public accountability and tax culture in Nigeria. The article specifically evaluates the extent to which government’s accountability, transparency and act in the interest of the public create a sustainable tax culture in Nigeria and whether clear definition of responsibility, adherence to reporting mechanism and strict system review and sanctions enhance Nigerian tax culture among others. Survey research design was used and information was gathered from 782 tax payers from Edo, Enugu and Bayelsa States. The study adopted Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC), Ordinary Least Square (OLS) and Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) for testing the hypotheses. It was discovered that government’s accountability, transparency and act in the interest of the public create a sustainable tax culture in Nigeria; and clear definition of responsibility, adherence to reporting mechanism, and strict system review and sanctions enhance Nigerian tax culture, while unaccountability can lead to diverse consequences such as loss of government popularity among others. It is, therefore, recommended that in order to boast the Nigerian tax culture, government should be accountable, transparent and always act in the best interest of the public.
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Matsoukas, Ianis G. "Florigens and antiflorigens: a molecular genetic understanding." Essays in Biochemistry 58 (September 15, 2015): 133–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bse0580133.
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Florigens, the leaf-derived signals that initiate flowering, have been described as ‘mysterious’, ‘elusive’ and the ‘Holy Grail’ of plant biology. They are synthesized in response to appropriate photoperiods and move through the phloem tissue. It has been proposed that their composition is complex. The evidence that FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) protein and its paralogue TWIN SISTER OF FT (TSF) act as florigen, or represent at least part of it, in diverse plant species has attracted considerable attention. In Arabidopsis thaliana, inductive photoperiodic conditions perceived in the leaf lead to stabilization of CONSTANS protein, which induces FT and TSF transcription. When they have been translated in the phloem companion cells, FT and TSF enter the phloem stream and are conveyed to the shoot apical meristem, where they act together with FLOWERING LOCUS D to activate transcription of floral meristem identity genes, resulting in floral initiation. At least part of this model is conserved, with some variations in several species. In addition to florigen(s), a systemic floral inhibitor or antiflorigen contributes to floral initiation. This chapter provides an overview of the different molecules that have been demonstrated to have florigenic or antiflorigenic functions in plants, and suggests possible directions for future research.
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Mupangavanhu, Yeukai. "Exemption Clauses and the Consumer Protection Act 68 of 2008: An Assessment of Naidoo v Birchwood Hotel 2012 6 SA 170 (GSJ)." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 17, no. 3 (April 24, 2017): 1194. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2014/v17i3a2291.
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Exemption clauses are a rule rather than an exception particularly in standard-form contracts. Consumers are usually forced to accept such terms on a "take-it-or-leave-it" basis. This state of affairs shows that freedom of contract is theoretical and could lead to injustices. In Naidoo v Birchwood Hotel 2012 6 SA 170 (GSJ) the Court refused to uphold the exemption clauses based on the fact that it would have been unfair and unjust to the plaintiff who had sustained serious bodily injuries during his stay at the hotel. The article discusses this court decision in the light of the provisions of the Consumer Protection Act 68 of 2008 (CPA) against the background of the previous jurisprudence regarding exemption clauses, including the position of exemption clauses in a new constitutional dispensation.
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Mixon, Franklin G., Kamal P. Upadhyaya, and M. Troy Gibson. "Regulation, Labor Costs and Employment in the U.S. Congress." Journal of Public Finance and Public Choice 18, no. 1 (April 1, 2000): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/251569200x15665365495050.
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Abstract The present paper examines the impact of passage of The Congressional Accountability Act of1995 (CAA9T), which imposed 11 major federal labor laws on die U.S. Congress for the first time, on employment in Congress. By modeling Congress as a firm which purchases inputs (e.g., capital, labor, etc.) to produce output (e.g., legislation), die impact of federal laws regarding minimum wages, occupational safety and health, family and medical leave, and others is amenable to econometric testing. After subjecting the data series to various unit root and cointegration tests, an error-correction model suggests that passage of CAA95 did indeed lead to a significant reduction in congressional employment levels, ceteris paribus.
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Ng, ShuYing, Robert Buckner Jones, Laura Schwartzwald, Meena Murugappan, Amy Pittenger, Kevin Edwards, and Randall Seifert. "Innovative Partnership Between a Rural Mental Health Center and Community Pharmacy: Integration of a Mental Health Pharmacist." INNOVATIONS in pharmacy 10, no. 2 (June 14, 2019): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24926/iip.v10i2.1377.
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Purpose: The purpose of this article is to describe how an innovative partnership between a rural community mental health center, community independent pharmacy and College of Pharmacy and integration of a mental health pharmacist lead to identification of medication therapy problems (MTP’s) and interprofessional team partnerships with center mental health professionals.
Methods: A contractual arrangement was initiated between Northern Pines Mental Health Center (NPMHC), GuidePoint Pharmacy Services GPS) and the University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy (UMN CoP) to place a PGY1 resident at NPMHC. The resident was assigned to work closely with the Chief Medical Officer and provide initial comprehensive medication management (CMM) services to individuals who were enrolled in Assertive Community Treatment (ACT). A retrospective chart review was conducted to evaluate the impact of services provided. Patient inclusion criteria included ACT enrollees 18 years or older, a diagnosis of SPMI, taking at least one psychotropic medication, and participation in at least one resident-led CMM visit. Additional findings included the relationship between the pharmacist, the psychiatric physician, and other members of the ACT team. Descriptive statistics were used to document the findings.
Findings: N = 30 met the inclusion criteria: 18 males and 12 females, age ranged from 24 - 69 with average of 44 years old. 110 MTPs were identified ranging from no MTPs to 10 MTPs per patient, with a mean of 4 MTPs/patient. There was an uneven distribution of MTPs between psychiatric and medical conditions, with a disproportionately high occurrence of “Needs Additional Drug Therapy” in medical conditions and “Adverse Drug Reaction” in psychiatric conditions. In addition, the services were valued by members on the ACT team.
Conclusion: Rural residents with SPMI in intensive community treatment have complex medication needs that require the training and skills of a clinical pharmacist. Despite the inclusion of a medication list as part of the ACT fidelity standards MTPs may go unrecognized and unresolved without the services of a clinical pharmacist conducting CMM. The pharmacist and psychiatric physician formed a collaborative partnership to address medication issues. We conclude that there is a need for integrating clinical pharmacist services into rural mental health centers.
Article Type: Original Research
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Campolo, Allison, Valerie Harris, Rhonda Walters, Elise Miller, Brian Patterson, and Monica Crary. "Continuous Real-Time Motility Analysis of Acanthamoeba Reveals Sustained Movement in Absence of Nutrients." Pathogens 10, no. 8 (August 6, 2021): 995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10080995.
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Acanthamoeba keratitis is a serious ocular infection which is challenging to treat and can lead to blindness. While this pathogen is ubiquitous and can contaminate contact lenses after contact with water, its habits remain elusive. Understanding this organism’s natural behavior will better inform us on how Acanthamoeba colonize contact lens care systems. Acanthamoeba trophozoites were allowed to adhere to either a glass coverslip or non-nutrient agar (NNA) within a flow cell with nutrients (Escherichia coli or an axenic culture medium (AC6)) or without nutrients (Ringer’s solution). Images were taken once every 24 s over 12 h and compiled, and videos were analyzed using ImageJ Trackmate software. Acanthamoeba maintained continuous movement for the entire 12 h period. ATCC 50370 had limited differences between conditions and surfaces throughout the experiment. Nutrient differences had a noticeable impact for ATCC 30461, where E. coli resulted in the highest total distance and speed during the early periods of the experiment but had the lowest total distance and speed by 12 h. The Ringer’s and AC6 conditions were the most similar between strains, while Acanthamoeba in the E. coli and NNA conditions demonstrated significant differences between strains (p < 0.05). These results indicate that quantifiable visual tracking of Acanthamoeba may be a novel and robust method for identifying the movement of Acanthamoeba in relation to contact lens care products. The present study indicates that Acanthamoeba can undertake sustained movement for at least 12 h with and without nutrients, on both rough and smooth surfaces, and that different strains have divergent behavior.
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Possner, A., E. Zubler, U. Lohmann, and C. Schär. "Real-case simulations of aerosol–cloud interactions in ship tracks over the Bay of Biscay." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 15, no. 4 (February 27, 2015): 2185–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-2185-2015.
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Abstract. Ship tracks provide an ideal test bed for studying aerosol–cloud interactions (ACIs) and for evaluating their representation in model parameterisations. Regional modelling can be of particular use for this task, as this approach provides sufficient resolution to resolve the structure of the produced track including their meteorological environment whilst relying on the same formulations of parameterisations as many general circulation models. In this work we simulate a particular case of ship tracks embedded in an optically thin stratus cloud sheet which was observed by a polar orbiting satellite at 12:00 UTC on 26 January 2003 around the Bay of Biscay. The simulations, which include moving ship emissions, show that the model is indeed able to capture the structure of the track at a horizontal grid spacing of 2 km and to qualitatively capture the observed cloud response in all simulations performed. At least a doubling of the cloud optical thickness was simulated in all simulations together with an increase in cloud droplet number concentration by about 40 cm−3 (300%) and decrease in effective radius by about 5 μm (40%). Furthermore, the ship emissions lead to an increase in liquid water path in at least 25% of the track regions. We are confident in the model's ability to capture key processes of ship track formation. However, it was found that realistic ship emissions lead to unrealistic aerosol perturbations near the source regions within the simulated tracks due to grid-scale dilution and homogeneity. Combining the regional-modelling approach with comprehensive field studies could likely improve our understanding of the sensitivities and biases in ACI parameterisations, and could therefore help to constrain global ACI estimates, which strongly rely on these parameterisations.
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Jenkins, ME, and JG Burneo. "The Return of Evidence-Based Neurology to the Journal: It’s All About Patient Care." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 35, no. 3 (July 2008): 273–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0317167100008817.
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Finding the current best evidence for care of the neurological patient and keeping up-to-date with new advances in clinical research is challenging. New medical knowledge is evolving quickly, but most studies lead nowhere or are too preliminary to act on and serve to bury or at least camouflage the few important studies. Evidence Based Clinical Practice (EBCP) is becoming an important and vital tool in this rapidly changing culture. As the quantity of neurological research publications continues to expand exponentially, evidence based principles provide a systematic and comprehensive strategy to approach this literature. There is a need for more availability of evidence based critically appraised information in the clinical neurosciences.
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Lambert, Ann, J. Alan Talbot, Robert Mitchell, and William R. Robertson. "Inhibition of protein kinase C by staurosporine increases estrogen secretion by rat Sertoli cells." Acta Endocrinologica 125, no. 3 (September 1991): 286–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.1250286.
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Abstract We have examined the effect of inhibition of protein kinase C activity by staurosporine on estradiol secretion by Sertoli cells isolated from 8–10 days old rats. Staurosporine lead to a dose-related increase in estradiol secretion independent of FSH, such that with 100 nmol/l staurosporine basal estradiol levels increased 10-fold. The maximal response seen with staurosporine alone (100 nmol/l) or in combination with FSH (0.4–8 IU/l) was similar to that seen with a saturating dose of FSH (8 IU/l). There was no evidence of synergy between FSH and staurosporine. Activation of protein kinase C by phorbol 12,13 dibutyrate (10−7 mol/l) resulted in a 53–74% inhibition of estradiol production provoked by FSH (8 IU/l), staurosporine (5–100 nmol/l) or staurosporine in combination with FSH. Staurosporine (5–100 nmol/l), in the absence or presence of FSH, was unable to overcome inhibition of estradiol secretion by phorbol ester, indicating the presence of at least two independent binding sites on protein kinase C for these molecules. Forskolin (1 μmol/l)- and dibutyryl cAMP (1 mmol/l)-stimulated estradiol secretion was inhibited by 31±5% and 64±5% respectively, by phorbol 12,13 dibutyrate (10−7 mol/l). We conclude that FSH-induced estradiol secretion in immature rat Sertoli cells is affected by protein kinase C activity.
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Hoover, Elizabeth, Alexandra McFee, and Gayle DeDe. "Efficacy of Group Conversation Intervention in Individuals with Severe Profiles of Aphasia." Seminars in Speech and Language 41, no. 01 (December 23, 2019): 071–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-3400991.
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AbstractAn estimated 390,000 to 520,000 individuals with severe aphasia (IWSA) currently live in the United States. IWSA experience profound social isolation, which is associated with a wide range of negative health outcomes, including mortality. Treatments for severe aphasia frequently focus on compensatory communication approaches or a discrete communication act rather than on participation-based treatment. The purpose of this study was to determine whether IWSA demonstrated improved performance on standardized language measures, patient-reported outcome measures, and connected speech samples as a result of client-centered conversation group treatment. Results of assessments conducted at pretreatment, posttreatment, and maintenance intervals were variable across participants. All participants demonstrated improvement in at least one of the outcome measures considered. Importantly, none of these measures fully captured how IWSA were able to convey their thoughts in supported conversation. The results lend support for the use of conversation treatment for, and for further study in, this subpopulation of individuals with aphasia.
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Levy, Hazel C., Mihnea Bostina, David J. Filman, and James M. Hogle. "Catching a Virus in the Act of RNA Release: a Novel Poliovirus Uncoating Intermediate Characterized by Cryo-Electron Microscopy." Journal of Virology 84, no. 9 (February 24, 2010): 4426–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02393-09.
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ABSTRACT Poliovirus infection requires that the particle undergo a series of conformational transitions that lead to cell entry and genome release. In an effort to understand the conformational changes associated with the release of the RNA genome, we have used cryo-electron microscopy to characterize the structure of the 80S “empty” particles of poliovirus that are thought to represent the final product of the cell entry pathway. Using two-dimensional classification methods, we show that preparations of 80S particles contain at least two structures, which might represent snapshots from a continuous series of conformers. Using three-dimensional reconstruction methods, we have solved the structure of two distinct forms at subnanometric resolution, and we have built and refined pseudoatomic models into the reconstructions. The reconstructions and the derived models demonstrate that the two structural forms are both slightly expanded, resulting in partial disruption of interprotomer interfaces near their particle 2-fold axes, which may represent the site where RNA is released. The models demonstrate that each of the two 80S structures has undergone a unique set of movements of the capsid proteins, associated with rearrangement of flexible loops and amino-terminal extensions that participate in contacts between protomers, between pentamers, and with the viral RNA.
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Padhy, Priyanka. "Industry and Inferiority in School Children Enrolled through Quota for Weaker Sections and Disadvantaged Groups: An Eriksonian Perspective." IRA International Journal of Education and Multidisciplinary Studies (ISSN 2455-2526) 7, no. 3 (July 10, 2017): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jems.v7.n3.p13.
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<p>A significant milestone in the landscape of Education in India was arrived at with the coming of The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009 (Ministry of Law and Justice, 2009). One of the highly debated provisions of the act has been that unaided private schools shall admit in class 1, to the extent of at least 25% of the strength of that class, children belonging to weaker section and disadvantaged group and provide free and compulsory elementary education.</p><p><br />While it was hoped that the act would lead to radical transformation in the Indian school system and become an effective instrument for any child to demand their basic entitlement, it has been recognised that it is not sufficient to allow access. The implementation of the act will be considered truly successful only if it addresses the issue of making children of marginalised communities „visible‟ within classrooms.</p><p><br />This study is a qualitative exploration of the experiences of 8 children enrolled under the EWS quota in private unaided schools of Delhi NCR. Using a phenomenological approach, the interview data has been thematically analysed in the light of the stage of Industry versus Inferiority as outlined by Erik Erikson‟s psychosocial approach to identity development. The study reveals complex layers of experiences, some facilitative and some detrimental, indicating the need for careful planning and monitoring of implementation, as well as stronger teacher preparation for the creation of truly inclusive climate in schools.</p>
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Maharani, Septiana Dwiputri. "MANUSIA SEBAGAI HOMO ECONOMICUS: REFLEKSI ATAS KASUS-KASUS KEJAHATAN DI INDONESIA." Jurnal Filsafat 26, no. 1 (August 14, 2016): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jf.12624.
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This research showed that First, ideally every man should act in a dual functions as individual beings as well as a social being. These dual functions of the real foundation for the building harmony in the life of a society. If lameness, especially the tendency of individuals includes positions as individual beings then building a life together can be as depicted in homo homini lupus, but building a harmonious society should be supported by common life, need, and give each other. Secondly, crimes in Indonesia are the fact how life in Indonesia has been overshadowed by very prominent self-interests. Personal interests which dominated by economic factors become a major influence in the crime trend. Indonesian human tendency their societies emphasize some aspects, but it turns out it's a proven fact that trend has begun to fade, although not all Indonesian people commit crimes. At least, homo economicus could be a tool to test the reality of Indonesian life. Third, Homo economicus is fully understood in an act that contradicts the notion homos socius. Homo economicus if not controlled will lead humanity in a situation of "war" as a Homo Homini Lupus.
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Zieliński, Maciej Jakub. "Kontrowersje wokół wykonywania pracy na rzecz własnego pracodawcy w rozumieniu art. 8 ust. 2a ustawy o systemie ubezpieczeń społecznych a zgodność tego przepisu z Konstytucją RP." Przegląd Prawa i Administracji 113 (September 12, 2018): 169–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0137-1134.113.12.
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ON CONTROVERSIES OVER INTERPRETATION OF THE PHRASE “PERFORMING WORK FOR THE BENEFIT OF ONE’S EMPLOYER” WITHIN THE MEANING OF ARTICLE 8 SECTION 2A OF THE SOCIAL INSURANCE SYSTEM ACT AND CONSTITUTIONALITY OF THAT PROVISIONThe article discusses controversies over interpretation of the phrase “performing work for the benefi t of one’s own employer” within the meaning of Article 8 section 2a of the Social Insurance System Act. The author criticizes interpretation of this phrase based solely on abstract theses formulated in individual judicial decisions, especially the ones of the Supreme Court. When detached from facts on which they were based, they can lead to unreasonable interpretation of the provision in question. The phrase “for the benefi t of one’s own employer”, should be construed through the prism of a relation that takes place in a typical employment relationship. In the three-subject configuration, when services are provided to the employer and the role of the third party is reduced to placement of workers which makes them similar, in terms of scope of their business, to temporary work agencies, this results in recognition that under service contracts concluded with those workers work is provided for their employer. It is quite diff erent for the situation where the third party is obliged to provide employer with a particular product, which is produced in the course of their business. Then, the key factor should rely on establishing whether the party in question bears organizational, technical and production risks related to manufactured products. Furthermore, considerations contained herein lead to the conclusion that the normative content of Article 8 section 2a of the Social Security Act settled in the Supreme Court’s case-law is incompatible with the principle of citizens’ trust in the state and its law. Article 8 section 2a of the Social Security Act itself, at least when it comes to performing work for one’s own employer within a civil-law contract concluded with a third party, is incompatible with Articles 217 and 64 section 3 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland. Thus, opinions on how the law should stand were made herein.
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Dall'Osto, Manuel, David C. S. Beddows, Eoin J. McGillicuddy, Johanna K. Esser-Gietl, Roy M. Harrison, and John C. Wenger. "On the simultaneous deployment of two single-particle mass spectrometers at an urban background and a roadside site during SAPUSS." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16, no. 15 (August 2, 2016): 9693–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-9693-2016.
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Abstract. The aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer (ATOFMS) provides size-resolved information on the chemical composition of single particles with high time resolution. Within SAPUSS (Solving Aerosol Problems by Using Synergistic Strategies), continuous ATOFMS measurements of ambient particles were made simultaneously at two urban locations: urban background (UB) site and roadside (RS) site in the city of Barcelona (Spain) from 17 September to 18 October 2010. Two different instrumental configurations were used: ATOFMS (TSI 3800) with a converging nozzle inlet (high efficiency at about 800–2000 nm) at the UB site and ATOFMS (TSI 3800-100) with an aerodynamic lens inlet (high efficiency at about 300–700 nm) at the RS site. This is the first time, to our knowledge, that two ATOFMS instruments have been deployed in the same field study. The different instrument configurations had an impact on the observed particle types at the two sites. Nevertheless, 10 particle types were detected at both locations, including local and regional elemental carbon (22.7–58.9 % of total particles), fresh and aged sea salt (1.0–14.6 %), local and regional nitrate-containing aerosols (3–11.6 %), local lead-containing metallic particles (0.1–0.2 %), and transported Fe-nitrate particles (0.8–2.5 %). The ATOFMS at the UB also characterized four particle types: calcium-containing dust (0.9 %), Saharan dust (1.3 %), vanadium-containing particles (0.9 %), and vegetative debris (1.7 %). By contrast, the high statistical counts of fine particles detected at the RS allowed identification of eight particle types. Four of these contained organic nitrogen of primary and secondary origin, which highlights the complex nature of the sources and processes that contribute to this aerosol chemical component. Aminium salts were found related to coarse sulfate-rich particle types, suggesting heterogeneous reaction mechanisms for their formation. The other four particle types mainly containing organic carbon were found spiking at different types of the day, also showing a complex single-particle mixing state relationship between organic carbon and nitrate. This ATOFMS study clearly shows that the composition of atmospheric fine particles in Barcelona, and likely other Mediterranean urban areas, is complex, with a wide range of local and regional sources combining with chemical processing to produce at least 22 different particle types exhibiting different temporal behaviour. The advantage of using two ATOFMS instruments is also demonstrated, with the nozzle-skimmer configuration enabling detection of coarse dust particles and the aerodynamic lens configuration allowing better identification of particles rich in organic carbon and amines. Overall, we find that organic nitrogen is a considerable fraction of the single particles detected, especially at the traffic-dominated RS site. Further studies are needed, especially at high time resolution, to better understand the sources and properties of particulate organic nitrogen.
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Wong, Rachel SH, and Keith Ong. "Influence of anterior chamber depth on postoperative refractive outcome in Chinese eyes." Asian Journal of Ophthalmology 16, no. 2 (November 21, 2018): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.35119/asjoo.v16i2.366.
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Aim or Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the refractive surprise (RS) after cataract surgery with various intraocular lens (IOL) formulas in eyes with very shallow or deep anterior chamber depth (ACD).
Design: This is a prospective cohort study of patients from a private ophthalmology practice in Sydney.
Methods: Thirty-one patients who had their cataract surgery in 2014 were included. The cohort consists of 20 eyes with ACD < 2.8 mm and 25 eyes with ACD > 3.2 mm. Patients’ demographic variables and their predicted refractive outcomes using the SRK-T, Haigis, Holladay 1, and Holladay 2 IOL formulas were collected. Actual refractive outcomes were obtained from consultations at least one-month postoperatively. RS was calculated from the difference between predicted refraction outcome of IOL formulas and the actual postoperative refraction achieved.
Results: The linear correlations between ACD and RS were not significant (p > 0.05). In the group with ACD < 2.8 mm, the mean refractive surprise using SRK-T, Haigis, Holladay 1, and Holladay 2 formulas were -0.191 ± 0.541, -0.189 ± 0.444, -0.201 ± 0.449, and -0.154 ± 0.489 D, respectively. In the group with ACD > 3.2 mm, the mean refractive surprise using the IOL formulas were -1.364 ± 0.541, -1.420 ± 0.541, 0.027 ± 0.394, and -0.045 ± 0.343 D, respectively.
Conclusion: The positive linear correlation between ACD and RS was weak. In eyes with ACD < 2.8 mm, the least RS was found with the Holladay 2 formula, while in eyes with ACD > 3.2 mm, this was found with Holladay 1.
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Matsubara, J., M. Ono, H. Ueno, T. Okusaka, J. Furuse, K. Furuta, J. Sawada, N. Saijo, S. Hirohashi, and T. Yamada. "Identification of prognostic factors for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer by proteomics." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2009): 4615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.4615.
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4615 Background: Gemcitabine monotherapy is the current standard for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer (PC). Its efficacy, however, varies significantly depending on individuals. This study was aimed at discovering a new diagnostic biomarker that can estimate the outcome of patients after receiving the therapy. Methods: All patients included in this study (304 patients) had metastatic PC and received at least two cycles of gemcitabine monotherapy. We compared the baseline plasma proteome between representative 29 short-term survivors (survived for less than 100 days) and 31 long-term survivors (survived for more than 400 days) using quantitative mass spectrometry (MS). Results: Among a total of 45,277 peptide peaks, we identified 637 peaks whose intensities were significantly different (p<0.001, Welch's t-test). The 2 MS peaks with the highest statistical significance (p=2.57×10-4 and 5.03×10-4) were revealed to be derived from α1-antitrypsin (AT) and α1-antichymotrypsin (ACT), respectively, by tandem MS. The levels of AT and ACT, WBC count, platelet count, alkaline phosphatase, and ECOG performance status were selected using a forward stepwise procedure by Akaike's information criterion, and a scoring system (nomogram) was constructed to estimate the prognosis of individual patients. Among the selected parameters the AT level was found to be the second most significant contributor to the nomogram (p=0.0003; Table ). This survival prediction model was internally validated using a bootstrap approach with 200 resamples. Conclusions: Our survival prediction model including values of AT and ACT seems to have high practical utility and may lead to tailoring the treatment of patients with advanced PC. Modification of therapeutics may need to be taken into consideration for patients with increased AT and ACT. [Table: see text] [Table: see text]
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Movsumova, Ekaterina, Vasiliy Alexandrov, Larisa Rudenko, Valeria Aizen, Svetlana Sidelnikova, and Mikhail Voytko. "Consciousness: effect of coaching process and specifics through AI usage." e-mentor 86, no. 4 (2020): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.15219/em86.1485.
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The main purpose of the article is to investigate how coaching itself affects a person and evaluate it as an effective tool. The second goal is to find out what the features of coaching with use of an AI based assistant are. The problem of studying the effectiveness of coaching is indicated by the purpose of finding out, based on the results of the work in the session, to what extent the result obtained will lead the respondent to specific actions. To this end, the main measurable metrics were stress level, willingness to act, and clarity regarding the request. The study confirmed that the majority of sessions had a “positive” dynamic in at least one of the consciousness components (increase of clarity or willingness to act and decrease of stress). The key implication is that it is important to keep a coachee away from stress to create space for clarity and willingness to act. The research results show that an AI-based tool is more effective in new requests with high importance for a client regarding willingness to act and clarity, confidential requests in terms of privacy and sensitivity regarding clarity. A coach is perceived as overall stronger in usefulness, effectiveness and stress reduction. Analyzing the results of the coach-AI-assistant interaction, the study shows that AI broadens the vision of coaches. From the point of view of the threat of the coach-bot interaction, there is a bottleneck that emerged during the feedback process during the study. In several sessions, coaches were not able to develop an emotional connection well enough through written dialogue – due to the absence of face-to-face contact. One of the key outcomes regarding the “client-coach” interaction is the high importance of emotional contact.
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Samset, B. H., G. Myhre, M. Schulz, Y. Balkanski, S. Bauer, T. K. Berntsen, H. Bian, et al. "Black carbon vertical profiles strongly affect its radiative forcing uncertainty." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 13, no. 5 (March 1, 2013): 2423–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-2423-2013.
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Abstract. The impact of black carbon (BC) aerosols on the global radiation balance is not well constrained. Here twelve global aerosol models are used to show that at least 20% of the present uncertainty in modeled BC direct radiative forcing (RF) is due to diversity in the simulated vertical profile of BC mass. Results are from phases 1 and 2 of the global aerosol model intercomparison project (AeroCom). Additionally, a significant fraction of the variability is shown to come from high altitudes, as, globally, more than 40% of the total BC RF is exerted above 5 km. BC emission regions and areas with transported BC are found to have differing characteristics. These insights into the importance of the vertical profile of BC lead us to suggest that observational studies are needed to better characterize the global distribution of BC, including in the upper troposphere.
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Lancaster, Cheryl. "Practical Ethical Approaches for Common Issues in Pediatric Epilepsy." Journal of Pediatric Epilepsy 9, no. 03 (August 13, 2020): 085–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1715563.
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AbstractThe aim of this commentary is to provide clinicians with the tools needed (or, at least, knowledge of where to find them) to navigate the often-turbulent seas of medical ethics. The cases described and questions asked in this issue are not only relevant to pediatric epilepsy but also typical of quandaries faced frequently by health care professionals (HCPs). By examining these cases and extrapolating the ethical questions raised, the clinician will find that there are several ethical approaches that can be taken and may lead to a variety of ways forward. However, by employing the ideas highlighted in this commentary, it is my hope that HCPs will be able to identify these various points of view, evaluate their options, and act in ways that are ethically justifiable.
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Antoniuk, Jarosław R. "Dopuszczalność obciążenia użytkowania wieczystego służebnością przesyłu." Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne 15, no. 1 (March 31, 2017): 9–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.25167/osap.1288.
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The article is an analysis of the issue of admissibility of encumbering the right of perpetual usufruct of land with transmission line easement. The analysis of the existing judiciary and doctrine in this matter, conducted in the article, as well as the current regulations lead the author to the conclusion that pursuant to applicable law there are no grounds for encumbering perpetual usufruct with transmission line easement due to the binding principle of numerus clausus of encumbering rights with limited proprietary rights, with the exception of the situation of encumbering perpetual usufruct, together with buildings and facilities on the leased land which is the property of the perpetual lessee, with transmission easement. At the same time, noticing the lack of regulation of the issue by the legislator, the author considers possible solutions, which leads him to the conclusion that the legislator should expressly have indicated in the act whether transmission easement should encumber merely the right of perpetual usufruct of land or also the property leased for perpetual usufruct, which, in the opinion of the author, is a more accurate solution.
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Turkish, Aaron, and Stephen L. Sturley. "Regulation of Triglyceride Metabolism. I. Eukaryotic neutral lipid synthesis: “Many ways to skin ACAT or a DGAT”." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 292, no. 4 (April 2007): G953—G957. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00509.2006.
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Esterification of sterols, fatty acids and other alcohols into biologically inert forms conserves lipid resources for many cellular functions. Paradoxically, the accumulation of neutral lipids such as cholesteryl ester or triglyceride, is linked to several major disease pathologies. In a remarkable example of genetic expansion, there are at least eleven acyltransferase reactions that lead to neutral lipid production. In this review, we speculate that the complexity and apparent redundancy of neutral lipid synthesis may actually hasten rather than impede the development of novel, isoform-specific, therapeutic interventions for acne, type 2 diabetes, obesity, hyperlipidemia, fatty liver disease, and atherosclerosis.
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Wang, Ninghai, Harshal Patel, Irene C. Schneider, Xin Kai, Avanish K. Varshney, and Li Zhou. "An optimal antitumor response by a novel CEA/CD3 bispecific antibody for colorectal cancers." Antibody Therapeutics 4, no. 2 (April 1, 2021): 90–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/abt/tbab009.
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Abstract Background CD3-based bispecific T cell engagers (bsTCEs) are one of the most promising bispecific antibodies for effective cancer treatments. To elicit target-specific T cell-mediated cytotoxicity, these bsTCEs contain at least one binding unit directed against a tumor antigen and another binding unit targeting CD3 in T cell receptor complex. Development of CD3-based bsTCEs, however, has been severely hampered by dose-limiting toxicities due to cytokine release syndrome. To address this limitation, we developed a novel functionally trivalent T cell engager (t-TCE) antibody containing affinity-reduced CD3 binding unit positioned to ensure monovalent CD3 engagement, in combination with bivalent tumor antigen binding of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Methods We modeled the variable region of anti-CD3 in the complementarity-determining regions of the heavy chain and obtained CD3 binders with reduced binding affinity. Two optimized versions CEA/CD3-v1 and CEA/CD3-v2 were identified and generated in tetravalent format, characterized and compared in vitro and in vivo for functional activity. Results Our lead candidate, CEA/CD3-v2, demonstrated subnanomolar binding and picomolar potency against a panel of CEA-expressing cancer cell lines. In addition, we detected reduced T cell cytokine release with potent cytotoxic activity. Our t-TCE CEA/CD3-v2 molecule demonstrated strong antitumor effect in a dose-dependent manner in human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) xenograft model. Furthermore, combination of CEA/CD3-v2 with atezolizumab provided synergistic antitumor effect. Conclusions Because of its effective tumor cell killing in vitro and in vivo with reduced cytokine release, CEA/CD3 bsTCE may greatly benefit in CEA-positive cancer immunotherapy.
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Stolen, C. M., M. W. Jackson, and A. E. Griep. "Overexpression of FGF-2 modulates fiber cell differentiation and survival in the mouse lens." Development 124, no. 20 (October 15, 1997): 4009–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.124.20.4009.
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During mammalian embryogenesis, the ocular lens forms through a temporally and spatially regulated pattern of differentiation which is thought to be coordinated at least in part by the FGF-1 and FGF-2 members of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family. Previous transgenic experiments in which FGF-1 or dominant negative FGF receptors were overexpressed in the lens indicated that FGF-1 could induce differentiation while differentiated lens cells rely upon FGF signaling for their survival. In this study, we asked if the 17.5 kDa FGF-2 protein was capable of inducing differentiation of lens cells in transgenic mice. Unexpectedly, differentiation was inhibited by lens-specific expression of a transgene encoding a secreted form of the 17.5 kDa bovine FGF-2 protein under the transcriptional control of the murine alphaA-crystallin promoter (alphaAIgFGF-2 transgenic mice). To address the possibility that FGF-2 functions as a modulator of fiber cell survival, alphaAIgFGF-2 transgenic mice were crossed to transgenic mice exhibiting extensive apoptosis in the lens due to the functional inactivation of the retinoblastoma protein (alphaAE7 transgenic mice). The level of apoptosis in the lenses of double transgenic mice was substantially reduced as compared to the level in lenses from alphaAE7 only mice. These studies indicate that FGF-2 can act as a modulator of the later stages of differentiation including fiber cell survival. Additionally, they imply that control of lens development by FGFs is a complex process in which FGF-1 and FGF-2 play distinct roles.
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Zimmerer, Alexander, and Andree Ellermann. "Long term results after ACL-reconstruction in childhood and adolescence." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 8, no. 5_suppl4 (May 1, 2020): 2325967120S0029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967120s00296.
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Aims and Objectives: Ruptures of the anterior cruciate ligament in childhood and adolescence are severe injuries with increasing incidence over the last years. It is known today that the course of an unstable knee joint during growth can lead to poor subjective and objective results. The aim of the study is to record long-term results after transepiphyseal ACL reconstruction using autologous hamstring tendons and extracortical fixation in children and adolescents at least 15 years after surgery. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively evaluated patient who underwent ACL reconstruction in our clinic with arthroscopic transepiphyseal technique using hamstrings graft in childhood or adolescence with a follow-up of at least 15 years. In these patients, the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), Tegner Activity Score (TAS), and Lysholm Score were collected, and clinical and MRI examinations were performed. Results: A total of 32 patients were identified, 5 of whom refused to participate. The average age at the time of surgery was 12 years, the average follow-up time was 17 years. In 3 patients a traumatic re-rupture was observed. None of the included patients showed a growth disorder at follow-up. The following subscores were found for the KOOS: KOOSpain 89, KOOSSymptom 82, KOOSADL 92, KOOSSport 75, KOOSQOL 82. The Tegner Activity score was 5.8, the Lysholm score 86 points. 13 of the 27 patients could also be examined clinically and by magnetic resonance imaging. In the MRI images, 95% of the patients showed intact grafts without evidence of cartilage or meniscus damage. The average lateral difference in the KT-1000 measurement was 1.5 mm. Conclusion: Transepiphyseal ACL reconstruction in children and adolescent with hamstrings is a save procedure leading to good long-term results. Secondary arthrosis signs can only be detected sporadically in MRI
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Nieuwenhuis, Aernout. "European Court of Human Rights: State and Religion, Schools and Scarves. An Analysis of the Margin of Appreciation as Used in the Case of Leyla Sahin v. Turkey, Decision of 29 June 2004, Application Number 44774/98." European Constitutional Law Review 1, no. 3 (October 2005): 495–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1574019605004955.
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In the case of Leyla Sahin v. Turkey of 29 June 2004, the European Court of Human Rights decided in favour of Turkey. The banning of headscarves at the University of Istanbul did not violate Article 9 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). Some years before the European Court already declared inadmissible a complaint by a Swiss teacher of younger children who was fired because she was not willing to leave off her headscarf while teaching. The complaint was manifestly ill founded. In other European countries the wearing of headscarves by teachers and pupils has lead to political and legal discussions and actions as well. In France, new legislation based on the so-called Stasi-report forbids pupils in primary and secondary state schools to wear clearly visible religious symbols. The reasons behind this act of parliament were problems allegedly caused by the wearing of headscarves. In Germany, the Federal Constitutional Court decided that a ban on headscarves for teachers needs a basis in an act of parliament of the German states. It is up to the legislatures of the Länder to decide if such a ban should be issued. In the Netherlands, existing equal treatment law has been interpreted in such a way that teachers and pupils in state schools are allowed to wear headscarves.
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Schumm, Walter R., D. Bruce Bell, and Benjamin Knott. "Factors Associated with Spouses Moving away from Their Military Installation during an Overseas Deployment." Psychological Reports 86, no. 3_suppl (June 2000): 1275–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2000.86.3c.1275.
Full textAbstract:
During overseas deployments, many spouses and families move away from their initial military installation, usually to live with or near relatives. Relatively little has been known about those who move away even though the issue is of importance to the military because its support systems are designed on the assumption that family members are living in proximity to those support systems. The purpose of this research was to describe the characteristics of those who actually moved away during a deployment compared to those who stayed but wanted to leave and to those who stayed. Results generally fit a social exchange model of reasons for moving, staying, or wanting to move but staying. High stress appears to lead to a desire to move but other factors act as barriers or facilitators to actually moving. Military family support did not predict moving away or staying. Implications for military support services are discussed.
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Schumm, Walter R., D. Bruce Bell, and Benjamin Knott. "Factors Associated with Spouses Moving away from their Military Installation during an Overseas Deployment." Psychological Reports 86, no. 3_part_2 (June 2000): 1275–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003329410008600337.2.
Full textAbstract:
During overseas deployments, many spouses and families move away from their initial military installation, usually to live with or near relatives. Relatively little has been known about those who move away even though the issue is of importance to the military because its support systems are designed on the assumption that family members are living in proximity to those support systems. The purpose of this research was to describe the characteristics of those who actually moved away during a deployment compared to those who stayed but wanted to leave and to those who stayed. Results generally fit a social exchange model of reasons for moving, staying, or wanting to move but staying. High stress appears to lead to a desire to move but other factors act as barriers or facilitators to actually moving. Military family support did not predict moving away or staying. Implications for military support services are discussed.
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Rahman, Misbah, Muhammad Saleem Rahpoto, and Ghulam Muhammad Mangnejo. "Women Empowerment and Micro Finance Programs: A Case Study of District Khairpur." Review of Economics and Development Studies 6, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.47067/reads.v6i1.188.
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The model of double monetary improvement contains the lowest wages (between difference foundations) responsible for the continuous dualism. We use 2 years of micro data from a large number of workers in Pakistan to test whether legally lowest wages have different effects on formal compensation, as opposed to the occasionally different segment. We find that the evidence from Pakistan rejects the assumptions of these models: raising the minimum wage not only extends the compensation in the city format part (big urban effort), which are enclosed through the least wages rule, nonetheless also increases the salaries of altogether other specialists, z Lowest legal allowance, which is generally considered to be an occasional split and is not regularly enforced (eg, small municipal companies, large provincial companies and small country companies). Our finding also suggest that the lowest statutory minimum wages increase wages for specialists in these “random” departments more than in the urban form, and therefore may lose the normal pay gap amid these segments and city additional part, which is considered non- binding nonetheless not governed b the Least Wage Act: the freelance (in together city and provincial regions). Least salaried may therefore lead to a symmetry amid official & casual workers, who referred to as self-employed and paid labors. In any case, we discovery no indication that self-earned income falls by the lowest pay.
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Yee, L. D., J. S. Craven, C. L. Loza, K. A. Schilling, N. L. Ng, M. R. Canagaratna, P. J. Ziemann, R. C. Flagan, and J. H. Seinfeld. "Effect of chemical structure on secondary organic aerosol formation from C<sub>12</sub> alkanes." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 13, no. 21 (November 15, 2013): 11121–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-11121-2013.
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Abstract. The secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from four C12 alkanes (n-dodecane, 2-methylundecane, hexylcyclohexane, and cyclododecane) is studied in the Caltech Environmental Chamber under low-NOx conditions, in which the principal fate of the peroxy radical formed in the initial OH reaction is reaction with HO2. Simultaneous gas- and particle-phase measurements elucidate the effect of alkane structure on the chemical mechanisms underlying SOA growth. Reaction of branched structures leads to fragmentation and more volatile products, while cyclic structures are subject to faster oxidation and lead to less volatile products. Product identifications reveal that particle-phase reactions involving peroxyhemiacetal formation from several multifunctional hydroperoxide species are key components of initial SOA growth in all four systems. The continued chemical evolution of the particle-phase is structure-dependent, with 2-methylundecane SOA formation exhibiting the least extent of chemical processing and cyclododecane SOA achieving sustained growth with the greatest variety of chemical pathways. The extent of chemical development is not necessarily reflected in the oxygen to carbon (O : C) ratio of the aerosol as cyclododecane achieves the lowest O : C, just above 0.2, by the end of the experiment and hexylcyclohexane the highest, approaching 0.35.
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Kolesnyk, Inna, Friedo W. Dekker, Marlies Noordzij, Saskia le Cessie, Dirk G. Struijk, and Raymond T. Krediet. "Impact of ACE Inhibitors and AII Receptor Blockers on Peritoneal Membrane Transport Characteristics in Long-Term Peritoneal Dialysis Patients." Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 27, no. 4 (July 2007): 446–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089686080702700413.
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Background Long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD) may lead to peritoneal fibrosis and ultrafiltration failure. The latter occurs due to high solute transport rates and diabetiform peritoneal sclerosis. Angiotensin-II (AII) is known to be a growth factor in the development of fibrosis and a number of animal studies have shown it likely that inhibiting the effects of AII by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) will attenuate these complications. Objective To investigate the effects of ACE/AII inhibitors in long-term PD patients. Patients and Setting We analyzed data from 66 patients treated with PD therapy at our center for at least 2 years, during which time at least 2 standard peritoneal permeability analyses (SPAs) were performed. 36 patients were treated with ACE/AII inhibitors (ACE/ARB group); the other 30 received none of the above drugs during the entire follow-up (control group). The two groups were compared with respect to changes in peritoneal transport over the follow-up time. Results A significant difference in time course of peritoneal transport was found between the 2 groups: in the ACE/ARB group, small solute transport had decreased, while it had increased in the control group. This finding was confirmed by analysis using mixed model for repeated measures. The value of mass transfer area coefficient of creatinine was influenced by the duration of PD therapy ( p = 0.017) and this interaction was different with respect to use of ACE/AII inhibitors ( p = 0.037). The trend was not found in protein clearances or fluid kinetics. Conclusion Our findings suggest that ACE/AII inhibition is likely to prevent the increase in mass transfer area coefficients that occurs in long-term PD, which is in line with results of experimental animal studies.
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Possner, A., E. Zubler, U. Lohmann, and C. Schär. "Real-case simulations of aerosol-cloud interactions in ship tracks over the Bay of Biscay." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 14, no. 19 (October 24, 2014): 26721–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-14-26721-2014.
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Abstract. Ship tracks provide an ideal test bed for studying aerosol-cloud interactions (ACI) and for evaluating their representation in parameterisations. Regional modelling can be of particular use for this task, as this approach provides sufficient resolution to resolve the structure of the produced track including their meteorological environment whilst relying on the same formulations of parameterisations as many general circulation models. In this work we simulate a particular case of ship tracks embedded in an optically thin stratus cloud sheet which was observed by a polar orbiting satellite at 12:00 UTC on 26 January 2003 around the Bay of Biscay. The simulations which include moving ship emissions show that the model is indeed able to capture the structure of the track at a horizontal grid spacing of 2 km and to qualitatively capture the observed cloud response in all simulations performed. At least a doubling of the cloud optical thickness was simulated in all simulations together with an increase in cloud droplet number concentration (by about 50 cm−3) and decrease in effective radius (by about 5 μm). Furthermore the ship emissions lead to an increase in liquid water path in at least 25% of the track regions. We are confident in the model's ability to capture key processes of ship track formation. However, it was found that realistic ship emissions lead to unrealistic aerosol perturbations near the source regions within the simulated tracks due to grid-scale dilution and homogeneity. Combining the regional-modelling approach with comprehensive field studies could likely improve our understanding of the sensitivities and biases in ACI parameterisations, and could therefore help to constrain global ACI estimates, which strongly rely on these parameterisations.
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Gill, Neeraj S., Stephen Parker, Andrew Amos, Richard Lakeman, Mary Emeleus, Lisa Brophy, and Steve Kisely. "Opening the doors: Critically examining the locked wards policy for public mental health inpatient units in Queensland Australia." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 55, no. 9 (June 23, 2021): 844–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00048674211025619.
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The Queensland Government issued a policy directive to lock all acute adult public mental health inpatient wards in 2013. Despite criticism from professional bodies and advocacy for an alternative, the policy has been retained to this day. A blanket directive to treat all psychiatric inpatients in a locked environment without individualised consideration of safety is inconsistent with least restrictive recovery-oriented care. It is against the principles of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, to which Australia is a signatory. It is also contrary to the main objects of the Mental Health Act 2016 (Qld). Queensland Health has reported a reduction in ‘absences without permission’ from psychiatric inpatient wards after the introduction of the locked wards policy; however, no in-depth analysis of the consequences of this policy has been conducted. It has been argued that patients returning late or not returning from approved leave is a more common event than patients ‘escaping’ from mental health wards, yet all may be counted as ‘absent without permission’ events. A review of the international literature found little evidence of reduced absconding from locked wards. Disadvantages for inpatients of locked wards include lowered self-esteem and autonomy, and a sense of exclusion, confinement and stigma. Locked wards are also associated with lower satisfaction with services and higher rates of medication refusal. On the contrary, there is significant international evidence that models of care like Safewards and having open door policies can improve the environment on inpatient units and may lead to less need for containment and restrictive practices. We recommend a review of the locked wards policy in light of human rights principles and international evidence.
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Branson, Dana C., Monica Bixby Radu, and Jamila D. Loving. "Adverse Childhood Experiences Scores: When Social Work Students and Trauma Mix." Journal of Baccalaureate Social Work 24, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 339–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.18084/1084-7219.24.1.339.
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This study compares the presence of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) scores among social work students with other majors and predicts the likelihood of majoring in social work. Results from a Midwestern, 4-year university indicate that on average, social work students (n=81) are more likely to have higher ACE scores in all assessed items compared to students of other university majors (n=269). Findings from the logistic regression analyses suggest that students who report at least one category of adversity were more likely to major in social work compared to other university majors. Using the person-in-environment perspective lens, these findings may account for gravitation of some students toward social work as a major. Resulting implications to baccalaureate social work programs concerning curriculum, trauma awareness, and resiliency training of students are discussed.