Journal articles on the topic 'Leibniz and Dr'

Ein Interview mit Dr. Bettina Rulofs (Deutsche Sporthochschule Köln, DE) und Prof. Dr. Sandra Günter (Leibniz-Universität Hannover, DE), geführt von Karolin Heckemeyer und Elke Gramespacher (beide: Pädagogische Hochschule FHNW, CH)

A natural composition ⊙ on all pages of the lower central series spectral sequence for spheres is defined. Moreover, it is defined for the p-lower central series spectral sequence of a simplicial group. It is proved that the rth differential satisfies a ‘Leibniz rule with suspension’: dr(a ⊙ σ b) = ±dra ⊙ b + a ⊙ dr σ b, where σ is the suspension homomorphism.

Der Beitrag ist die Verschriftlichung der Laudatio, die die Autorin anlässlich des Festaktes zum 90. Geburtstag von Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. mult. Ulrich Engel am Leibniz-Institut für Deutsche Sprache (=IDS) gehalten hat. Es handelt sich um eine persönliche Sicht auf fast drei Dekaden Forschungsarbeit, in denen zwischen Engel und der Germanistischen Abteilung der Universität Santiago de Compostela eine sehr enge Forschungskooperation bestand.

Die Fallbearbeitung entstammt einer Hausarbeit, die in der Übung für Fortgeschrittene im Bürgerlichen Recht an der Leibniz Universität Hannover von Prof. Dr. Bernd Oppermann im Sommersemester 2021 gestellt wurde. Die Hausarbeit beinhaltet überwiegend Fragestellungen aus dem HGB, aber auch Fragestellungen aus dem Allgemeinen Teil des BGB. Besonders werden die Probleme bei der Erteilung einer Prokura und die des kaufmännischen Bestätigungsschreibens erörtert.

Zusammenfassung Im Juli 2017 etablierte die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft an den Standorten Bochum, Essen, Dortmund und Marburg den SFB 1280. Ziel der Forschung des SFB ist die Aufklärung der lerntheoretischen, behavioralen, neuralen, immunologischen, genetischen und klinischen Mechanismen des Extinktionslernens – der komplexesten Form des Lernens. Dieser umfassende Ansatz ist notwendig, um die verschiedenen Facetten des Extinktionslernens zu identifizieren und somit grundlagenwissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse in klinische Anwendungen zu überführen. Mit 60 % der Projekte ist die Ruhr-Universität Bochum Sprecherhochschule (Sprecher: Prof. Dr. Onur Güntürkün). Der zweitgrößte Teilverbund kommt aus der Medizinischen Fakultät der Universität Duisburg-Essen (stellvertretende Sprecherin: Prof. Dr. Dagmar Timmann-Braun). Weitere beteiligte Institutionen sind das Leibniz-Institut für Arbeitsforschung an der TU Dortmund sowie das Institut für Psychologie der Philipps-Universität Marburg.

The 14th International Conference on Polymers and Organic Chemistry (POC 2012) was held 6-9 January 2012 in Doha, capital of the State of Qatar. This conference followed the 13th edition of this series, which was held in Montreal, Canada in 2009, and is a biannual meeting that travels from one continent to another since its inception in 1982 in Lyon, France to discuss recent results in the fields of polymer and organic chemistry in order to promote their importance in our everyday lives. This was the first IUPAC-sponsored meeting ever in the State of Qatar and the first time this meeting (POC) took place in the Arab world since it was established. POC 2012 was a very successful event, attended by approximately 300 chemists from over 15 countries.The conference featured Dr. Robert H. Grubbs, Victor and Elizabeth Atkins Professor of Chemistry at the California Institute of Technology and 2005 Nobel Laureate in Chemistry, as keynote speaker. His lecture was titled “The synthesis of large and small molecules using olefin metathesis catalysts”.The conference consisted of eight oral sessions, which focused on:- Polyolefins (Chair: Dr. Abbas Razavi, Total Petrochemicals Research Feluy)- Responsive and smart polymers (Chair: Dr. David E. Bergbreiter, Texas A&M University)- Polymers in energy (Chair: Dr. Hiroyuki Nishide, Waseda University)- Polymers as therapeutics (Chair: Dr. Karen L. Wooley, Texas A&M University)- Advances in polymer synthesis (Chair: Prof. Brigitte Voit, Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden)- Orthogonal chemistry: organic and polymer synthesis (Chair: Dr. Craig Hawker, University of California Santa Barbara)- Macromolecular engineering with biomolecules (Chair: Dr. Hanadi F. Sleiman, McGill University)- Polymers from renewable resources (Chair: Dr. Joe Kurian, Dupont Company).In addition to the keynote lecture, the conference featured an impressive 43 invited lectures by prominent chemists from all over the globe. The oral sessions featured an additional 29 contributed talks. The poster session showcased the latest results presented by 71 faculty and students attendees.The organizers of the POC 2012 would like to thank the sponsors who generously supported this event. Qatar Petrochemical Company (QAPCO) was the premier sponsor. The organizers are also grateful to the following sponsors: Qatar Fertiliser Company (QAFCO), Qatar University, Qatar Foundation, Texas A&M University at Qatar, and Qatar Airways.I would like finally to acknowledge all the members of the POC 2012 Organizing Committee and International Advisory Committee for their immense contributions. Special thanks are extended in particular to Hala El-Dakak and G. Benjamin Cieslinski for their outstanding efforts.Hassan S. BazziConference Chair

Supported by German Academic Exchange Center, well known by the abbreviation of DAAD, invited by a famous professor of Health Economics, Dr. I.-Mathias Graf von der Schulenburg, Kakhaber Djakeli spent interesting research period at Leibniz University, Hanover (LUH), at the Institute of Insurance Business Administration and the Center of Health Economics Research in Hannover (CHERH) in the summer of 2016. This author had been researching Georgian Health Reforms and health economics for a long time at the LUH, and this article is a continuation of this tradition. The co-author, Tamar Jakeli, who is a young researcher interested in reform management, conducted analytical research of Georgian Health Reforms and their marketing at her university, Lafayette College, in Pennsylvania (USA). Both authors believed that a marketing approach that assessed Health model and reform was needed. As a result, they developed the model of RMM. As a research approach, the famous Delphi method was used in order to gain expert views and opinions on the issue of reforming. The information obtained through this primary research method enabled us to establish prerequisites for the successful establishment of the Reform Marketing Matrix (RMM). Using the Delphi method, completed in two stages, 37 health experts were asked to answer questions electronically.

Journal of Education and Training Studies (JETS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether JETS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 5, Number 2 Anne M. Hornak, Central Michigan University, USABaraka M. Ngussa, University of Arusha, TanzaniaCagla Atmaca, Pamukkale University, TurkeyDonna Smith, The Open University, UKEbrahim Mohammadpour, Mimos Berhad, IranErica D. Shifflet-Chila, Michigan State University, USAHanan Mohamed Soliman, Faculty of Nursing Mansoura University, EgyptJeyavel Sundaramoorthy, Gulbarga University Campus, IndiaJill M. Feldman, Westat, USAJohn Bosco Azigwe, Bolgatanga Polytechnic, GhanaLeonor Thomson, Universidad de la República, UruguayLorna T. Enerva, Polytechnic University of the Philippines, PhilippinesMarcie Zaharee, The MITRE Corporation, USAMaria Pavlis Korres, Hellenic Open University, GreeceMehmet Inan, Marmara University, TurkeyMeral Seker, Cukurova University, TurkeyNele Kampa, Leibniz-Institute for Science and Mathematics Education (IPN), GermanyNicole Celestine, The University of Western Australia, AustraliaNiveen M. Zayed, MENA College of Management, JordanRichard H. Martin, Indiana University, USARichard Penny, University of Washington Bothell, USASenem Seda Şahenk Erkan, Marmara University, TurkeySimona Savelli, Università degli Studi Guglielmo Marconi, ItalyYalçın Dilekli, Aksaray University, TurkeyYerlan Seisenbekov, Kazakh National Pedagogical University, KazakhstanYi Lu, American Institute for Research, USAYu-Cheng Tang, National Changhua University of Education, TaiwanZachary Wahl-Alexander, Northern Illinois University, USA Robert SmithEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of Journal of Education and Training StudiesRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAURL: http://jets.redfame.com

Journal of Education and Training Studies (JETS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether JETS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 5, Number 4Anne M. Hornak, Central Michigan University, USACarmen Pérez-Sabater, Universitat Poltècnica de València, SpainChosang Tendhar, Baylor College of Medicine, USACynthia M. Compton, Wingate University, USADamodar Khanal, The University of Manchester, UKErica D. Shifflet-Chila, Michigan State University, USAErkal Arslanoğlu, Sinop University, TurkeyFethi Arslan, Mersin University, TurkeyGobinder Gill, Birmingham Metropolitan College, UKHalis Sakiz, Mardin Artuklu University, TurkeyHyesoo Yoo, Virginia Tech., USAIbrahim Can, Gumushane University, TurkeyIntakhab Khan, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi ArabiaJosé D Badia, University of Valencia, SpainLeila Youssef, Arab Open University, LebanonLisa Marie Portugal, Grand Canyon University, USALorna T. Enerva, Polytechnic University of the Philippines, PhilippinesMahmoud Radwan, Tanta University, EgyptMarcie Zaharee, The MITRE Corporation, USAMarieke van der Schaaf, Utrecht University, The NetherlandsMehmet Inan, Marmara University, TurkeyMin Gui, Wuhan University, ChinaMukadder Baran, Hakkari University, TurkeyMürşet Çakmak, Mardin Artuklu University, TurkeyMustafa Çakır, Marmara Üniversity, TurkeyNele Kampa, Leibniz-Institute for Science and Mathematics Education (IPN), GermanyNiveen M. Zayed, MENA College of Management, JordanOnder Daglioglu, Gaziantep University, TurkeyÖzgür Bostanci, Ondokuz Mayis University, TurkeyRecep Aslaner, Inonu University, TurkeyRichard Penny, University of Washington Bothell, USASandra Kaplan, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, USAŞenay Koparan, Uludağ University, TurkeyShengnan Liu, Ocean University of China, ChinaSimona Savelli, Università degli Studi Guglielmo Marconi, ItalyThomas K. F. Chiu, The University of Hong Kong, Hong KongTurhan Toros, Mersin Üniversitesi, TurkeyYalçın Dilekli, Aksaray University, TurkeyYerlan Seisenbekov, Kazakh National Pedagogical University, KazakhstanZachary Wahl-Alexander, Northern Illinois University, USAZeki Coşkuner, Fırat University, Turkey Robert SmithEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of Journal of Education and Training StudiesRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAURL: http://jets.redfame.com

Journal of Education and Training Studies (JETS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether JETS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 5, Number 12Anne M. Hornak, Central Michigan University, USAAntónio Calha, Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre, PortugalAubri Rote, University of North Carolina at Asheville, USACagla Atmaca, Pamukkale University, TurkeyErica D. Shifflet-Chila, Michigan State University, USAFatma Ozudogru, Usak University, TurkeyIntakhab Khan, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi ArabiaIoannis Syrmpas, University of Thessaly, GreeceJohn Bosco Azigwe, Bolgatanga Polytechnic, GhanaJohn Cowan, Edinburgh Napier University, UKKatya De Giovanni, University of Malta, MaltaLaima Kyburiene, Kaunas University of Applied Sciences, LithuaniaLinda J. Rappel, Yorkville University/University of Calgary, CanadaLisa Marie Portugal, Grand Canyon University, USALorna T. Enerva, Polytechnic University of the Philippines, PhilippinesMarcie Zaharee, The MITRE Corporation, USAMarco Antonio Catussi Paschoalotto, University of São Paulo, BrazilMaria Pavlis Korres, Hellenic Open University, GreeceMatthews Tiwaone Mkandawire, Central China Normal University, MalawiMaurizio Sajeva, Pellervo Economic Research PTT, FinlandMehmet Inan, Marmara University, TurkeyMeral Seker, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, TurkeyMichail Kalogiannakis, University of Crete, GreeceMin Gui, Wuhan University, ChinaMu-hsuan Chou, Wenzao Ursuline University of Languages, TaiwanMustafa Uğraş, Fırat University, TurkeyNele Kampa, Leibniz-Institute for Science and Mathematics Education (IPN), GermanyPhil Sirinides, University of Pennsylvania, USAPuneet S. Gill, Texas A&M International University, USARichard H. Martin, Mercer University, USASamad Mirza Suzani, Islamic Azad University, IranSelloane Pitikoe, University of Kwazulu-Natal, South AfricaSimona Savelli, Università degli Studi Guglielmo Marconi, ItalySisi Chen, American University of Health Sciences, USAStamatis Papadakis, University of Crete, GreeceSuzan Kavanoz, Yıldız Technical University, TurkeyThomas K. F. Chiu, The University of Hong Kong, Hong KongTilanka Chandrasekera, Oklahoma State University, USAVeronica Rosa, University Rome, ItalyYerlan Seisenbekov, Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Kazakhstan Robert SmithEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of Journal of Education and Training StudiesRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAURL: http://jets.redfame.com

Journal of Education and Training Studies (JETS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether JETS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 5, Number 9Angel H. Y. Lai, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong KongCengiz Alyilmaz, TurkeyCharlotte Alverson, University of Oregon, USAChris Prince Udochukwu Njoku, University of Nigeria, NigeriaCynthia M. Compton, Wingate University, USAEbru Temiz, Niğde Ömer Halis Demir University, TurkeyElena Jerves, University of Cuenca, EcuadorErkan Atalmış, Kahramanmaras Imam University, TurkeyErkut Tutkun, TurkeyFethi Kayalar, Erzincan University, TurkeyHalide Nur Ozudogru Erdogan, Abant Izzet Baysal University, TurkeyHalil Erdem Çocuk, Mersin University, TurkeyHatice Irem Ozteke Kozan, Necmettin Erbakan University, TurkeyIbrahim Can, TurkeyIoannis Syrmpas, University of Thessaly, GreeceJohn Cowan, Edinburgh Napier University, UKJosé D Badia, University of Valencia, SpainKun-Hsi Liao, Taiwan Shoufu University, TaiwanKürşad Çağrı Bozkirli, TurkeyLaima Kyburiene, Kaunas University of Applied Sciences, LithuaniaLisa Marie Portugal, Grand Canyon University, USALorna T. Enerva, Polytechnic University of the Philippines, PhilippinesM. Fatih Karahuseyinoglu, Firat Universitesi, TurkeyMan-fung Lo, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong KongMarcie Zaharee, The MITRE Corporation, USAMarco Antonio Catussi Paschoalotto, University of São Paulo, BrazilMehmet Akif Ziyagil, TurkeyMehmet Inan, Marmara University, TurkeyMeral Seker, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, TurkeyMichail Kalogiannakis, University of Crete, GreeceMin Gui, Wuhan University, ChinaMustafa Çakır, Marmara Üniversity, TurkeyMustafa Önder, Şekeroğlu-Muş Alparslan University, TurkeyNele Kampa, Leibniz-Institute for Science and Mathematics Education (IPN), GermanyNerina Fernanda Sarthou, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, ArgentinaNurşat Biçer, TurkeyÖnder Dağlıoğlu, TurkeyÖzgür Ulubey, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, TurkeyRichard H. Martin, Mercer University, USARichard Penny, University of Washington Bothell, USARui Manuel Carreteiro, National Institute of Psychology and Neurosciences, PortugalSadia Batool, Preston University Islamabad, PakistanSelloane Pitikoe, University of Kwazulu-Natal, South AfricaSenem Seda Şahenk Erkan, Marmara University, TurkeyStamatis Papadakis, University of Crete, GreeceThomas K. F. Chiu, The University of Hong Kong, Hong KongYakup Koç, Erzincan University, TurkeyYi Lu, American Institute for Research, USAZeki Coskuner, Firat Universitesi, Turkey Robert SmithEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of Journal of Education and Training StudiesRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAURL: http://jets.redfame.com

Dear Readers,  I would like to wish you all the best for the new year! It is with great pleasure that I welcome you to our first regular issue in 2024, which is already the 30th year that J.UCS has been available to authors and readers without any interruptions. I would like to gratefully acknowledge the visionary ideas of Prof. Hermann Maurer, who founded the journal and ran it successfully for many years, preparing the ground for it to become one of the longest-running open content journals in computer science.  Looking back on the past year, we have further increased our visibility and taken steps to fully comply with the Diamond Open Content Standard and prepare to join the KOALA initiative. Thanks to the combined efforts of the Pensoft team and the J.UCS publishing team, we are listed and indexed in more than 40 indexing services worldwide, including DOAJ, Web of Science, and Scopus. The increased visibility and social media presence have also led to a further increase in page views and article downloads. With around 100,000 unique views, interest has doubled compared to the previous year. We can also look back on an increasing number of submitted articles and special issue proposals. We are also very pleased to report that the journal's Impact Factor has stabilised at a high level with a Web of Science Impact Factor of 1.0 and a Scopus Science Score of 2.7. We proudly look back on a total of 12 issues - 11 regular and 1 special issue - with 63 articles by 231 authors from 40 countries on new aspects of various computer science topics. The acceptance rate has fallen to below 15 per cent.  These great achievements were only possible thanks to the commitment and interest of the community and the valuable support of the Editorial Board and the J.UCS Consortium members. In 2023, we welcomed 10 new members to the Editorial Board, bringing our total number of Editorial Board members to 196. We would also like to gratefully acknowledge the support of 67 guest reviewers over the past year.   In particular, I would like to thank Dr. Ulrike Krießmann from the Library of the Graz University of Technology, Prof. Klaus Tochtermann from the ZBW, Prof. Christian Eckhardt from California Polytechnic State University, Prof. Krzysztof Pietroszek from the American University in Washington DC, and Prof. Muhammad Tanvir Afzal from Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University in Islamabad in Pakistan for their generous support in offering an open content journal without charging the authors for their articles. Unfortunately, some partners are withdrawing their support for 2024 due to financial restrictions, but we are very happy to welcome the Leibniz Information Centre for Science and Technology and are very grateful for their support.  I would also like to thank the J.UCS team, Johanna Zeisberg for taking care of the publication process, Aleksandar Bobic and David Kerschbaumer for their social media support, and Alexander Nussbaumer for his technical support, as well as Pensoft Publishers Ltd. for hosting our journal.  I look forward to continuing to work with our editors, editorial team and technical support to maintain the success of J.UCS. I would be very grateful for suggestions and feedback on how we can improve and develop J.UCS in the future. We also greatly appreciate the generous support of the J.UCS community, especially in promoting the journal and citing relevant articles in their research papers.  In this regular issue, I am very pleased to present 6 accepted articles by 21 authors from 6 different countries, namely Brazil, Cuba, France, Malaysia, Spain, and the United Kingdom.  In a collaborative effort between researchers from Spain and the UK, Bashar Alshouha, Jesus Serrano-Guerrero, David Elizondo, Francisco P. Romero and Jose A. Olivas look into consumer attitudes towards healthcare services by applying a transfer learning approach to detect emotions from consumer feedback. In the second article, Ana Díaz Muñoz, Moisés Rodríguez Monje, and Mario Gerardo Piattini Velthuis from Spain address the design of an environment to measure quality metrics for hybrid, classic-quantum software, propose a set of new measurements for hybrid maintainability, and develop a first prototype as a SonarQube plugin that is capable of measuring these metrics. In a research collaboration between the UK, Malaysia and France, Ngo Le Huy Hien, Ah-Lian Kor, Mei Choo Ang, Eric Rondeau, and Jean-Philippe Georges cover findings on image filtering techniques for object recognition in autonomous vehicles based on the evaluation of 5 different deep learning models, YOLOv5s, EfficientNet-B7, Xception, MobilenetV3, and InceptionV4, and Hessian, Laplacian, and Hessian-based Ridge Detection filtering techniques. Francisco Iniesto and Covadonga Rodrigo from Spain look into the evaluation of MOOC accessibility as students’ experience by applying web content accessibility guidelines and an automatic tool, and investigate students’ perceptions and comparison of the two approaches. Yilena Pérez-Almaguer, Edianny Carballo-Cruz, Yailé Caballero-Mota, and Raciel Year from Cuba explore content-based group recommendations for suggesting restaurants in Havana City enhanced by extended restaurant features, virtual group profiles, and the selection of the most appropriate aggregation approach for composing group recommendations. Last but not least, Raimundo Osvaldo Vieira and Helyane Bronoski Borges from Brazil cover a systematic mapping study on dimensionality reduction for hierarchical multi-label classification.  Enjoy Reading!  Cordially,  Christian Gütl, Managing Editor-in-Chief Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria

A ideia que esta publicação realiza nasceu em um colóquio realizado em Curitiba, em 2014, em celebração aos trezentos anos da Monadologia. E ganhou corpo alguns meses depois, em outro colóquio, sediado em Buenos Aires, sobre Perspectivismo e Unidade da Razão em Leibniz. A revista Dissertatio, por intermédio do prof. Dr. João Hobuss, gentilmente acolheu a iniciativa e, a partir de então, procedeu à divulgação do Dossiê especial Leibniz. Dessa divulgação resultaram colaborações decisivas, não apenas pela qualidade que os procedimentos de avaliação da revista garantem, mas também por concorrerem para ampliar a visibilidade que este dossiê pretende dar à pesquisa realizada em línguas portuguesa e espanhola sobre a filosofia de Leibniz.

Der Dopamin-Signalweg könnte ein vielversprechender Ansatzpunkt für neue Therapien gegen die rheumatoide Arthritis (RA) sein. Darauf deuten bisherige Forschungsarbeiten hin: Sie beschreiben einen Effekt von dopaminergen Arzneimitteln auf den Erkrankungsverlauf bei rheumatoider Arthritis, wie Dr. Silvia Capellino vom Leibniz-Institut für Arbeitsforschung im „Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology“ zusammenfasst.

Zusammenfassung Die Zentralbibliothek Medizin wurde 2015 nach einer Evaluierung aus der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft ausgeschlossen. Der Leiter der Zentralbibliothek Medizin, Prof. Dr. Dietrich Rebholz-Schuhmann, spricht über die anschließende Neuausrichtung der ZB MED nach dem Scheitern, die Vorbereitungen für die erneute Evaluation 2022/2023 und den Umgang mit dem erneuten Scheitern und gibt allgemeine Empfehlungen für andere Institutionen für den Umgang mit Veränderungen.

Einladung der dggö zur 15. Jahrestagung im März 2023 in Hannover Die dggö Jahrestagung, die wichtigste deutsche Konferenz für Gesundheitsökonomie, wird am 13. und 14. März 2023 in Hannover die „Qualität von Gesundheitsleistungen in einer heterogenen Gesellschaft“ in den Fokus rücken. Das Institute of Health Economics (IHE) der Leibniz Universität Hannover (LUH) hat unter der Leitung von Prof. Dr. Annika Herr die Organisation übernommen.

Autoren dieses Heftes Anter, Andreas, Prof. Dr.. Universitätsprofessor. E-Mail: andreas.anter@uni-erfurt.de Busse, Christian, Dr. jur., Regierungsdirektor im BMEL, Lehrbeauftragter an der Universität Bonn und Dozent an der Hagen Law School, zahlreiche Publikationen zum öffentlichen Recht und zur juristischen Zeitgeschichte. Giogios, Christopher, Wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter am Lehrstuhl für Öffentliches Recht der Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Prof. Dr. Bettina Schöndorf-Haubold. E-Mail: Christopher. Giogios@recht.uni-giessen.de Gusy, Christoph, Prof. Dr. jur., Lehrstuhl für Öffentliches Recht, Staatslehre und Verfassungsgeschichte an der Universität Bielefeld. Hamann, Christian, Dr. jur.. Rechtsanwalt und Partner bei Gleiss Lutz Berlin. E-Mail: christian.hamann@gleisslutz.com Hellmann, Daniel, Master of Arts (M.A.). Wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter am Institut für Parlamentarismusforschung (Berlin), Wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter am Lehrstuhl für Regierungslehre und Policyforschung der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg. E-Mail: daniel.hellmann@politik; hellmann@iparl.de Ipsen, Jörn, Prof. Dr. jur. (Niedersachsenprofessur), Universität Osnabrück, Präsident des Niedersächsischen Staatsgerichtshofs a.D. Johannsen, Sven Leif, Prof. Dr. jur., LL.M.oec., Professor für Öffentliches Recht an der Hochschule für öffentliche Verwaltung Kehl. E-Mail: johannsen@hs-kehl.de Klatt, Matthias K., Wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter bei Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Schulz und Doktorand bei Prof. Dr. Armin Hatje (beide Universität Hamburg) Mail: m.klatt@leibniz-hbi.de Langer, Susann, Rechtsreferendarin, z. Zt. Verwaltungsstation im Rechtsamt der Stadt Rüsselsheim am Main. Mangold, Sonja, Dr. jur., Ass. Jur. Wissenschaftliche Mitarbeiterin an der Universität Bremen. E-Mail: smangold@uni-bremen.de. Meyer-Wehage, Brigitte, Direktorin des Amtsgerichts Brake/Utw., seit 2003 überwiegend im Familienrecht tätig. Vorsitzende der Kommission für Zivil-, Familien- und Erbrecht, Recht anderer Lebensgemeinschaften im Deutschen Juristinnenbund. Möllers, Martin H. W., Prof. a.D. Dr. phil.; Dipl. Soz.Wiss.; Studienassessor, Politikwissenschaftler und Jurist sowie Historiker und Geograph. Ooyen, Robert Chr. van, Prof. Dr. phil., RD, Honorarprofessor für Politikwissenschaft an der TU Dresden, lehrt Staats- und Gesellschaftswissenschaften an der Hochschule des Bundes, Lübeck, und ist Mitglied der RuP-Redaktion, Berlin. Rixen, Stephan, Prof. Dr. jur., Professor für Öffentliches Recht an der Universität Bayreuth mit einem Forschungsschwerpunkt im Gesundheitsrecht. Schnieder, Patrick, Ass. Jur.. Mitglied des Deutschen Bundestages, Parlamentarischer Geschäftsführer der CDU/CSU-Bundestagsfraktion, Rechtsanwalt, Bürgermeister a.D. Schwanenflug, Noreen von, Magistratsdirektorin und Rechtsamtsleiterin der Stadt Rüsselsheim; E-Mail: noreen@schwanenflug.net. Schwarzburg, Peter, Dr. jur., ist stellvertretender Abteilungsleiter „Recht“ und EU-Beauftragter der Senatsverwaltung für Justiz, Verbraucherschutz und Antidiskriminierung Berlin. Schwegel, Andreas, Dr., Regierungsdirektor, beruflich tätig im Bereich Extremismusprävention. Selbstständige Publikation: Der Polizeibegriff im NS-Staat (2005). Weber, Hermann, Prof. Dr., Honorarprofessor für Öffentliches Recht an der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main und Schriftleiter der Neuen Juristischen Wochenschrift a. D. Wersig, Maria, Prof. Dr. phil., Professorin für Rechtliche Grundlagen der Sozialen Arbeit am FB Angewandte Sozialwissenschaften der FHS Dortmund und Präsidentin des Deutschen Juristinnenbunds. Wiegandt, Manfred H., Dr. iur., M.A.L.D. (The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy), J.D., amerikanischer Rechtsanwalt.

It is a great honor for us, Faculty of Forestry of Hasanuddin University, to host the 3rd Biennial Conference of Tropical Biodiversity (3rd-BCTB) on August 8 - 9th, 2023, in Makassar City of South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. The Biennial Conference of Tropical Biodiversity is a scientific forum to enhance science and technology, together with researchers, scientists, practitioners, and scholars to anticipate the impacts of climate change in biodiversity. This is also conducted to promote Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The 3rd Biennial Conference of Tropical Biodiversity has performed a hybrid with a live meeting at Aston Hotel and Convention, Makassar, Indonesia, and a virtual conference instead of a live meeting. The 3rd Biennial Conference of Tropical Biodiversity theme was Biodiversity and Governance for Environment Valorization to Mitigate Climate Change. This international conference involves around 88 participants from 5 countries from: Germany, Australia, Japan, Malaysia, and Indonesia. The keynote speaker was Prof. Ts. Mohd. Nazip Suratman, Ph.D. from Universiti Teknologi MARA-Malaysia. The Invited Speakers were Prof. Dr. Martin Zimmer (Leibniz-Zentrum für Marine Tropenforschng-Germany), Prof. Dr. Takahiro Fujiwara (Kyushu University-Japan), Dr. Peter Christiaan Speldewinde (University of Western Australia), Dr. Christina Griffin (The University of Melbourne-Australia) and Dr. Ir. Roland Alexander Barkey (Hasanuddin University-Indonesia). Oral presenters and participants, and has five sub-themes, namely 1) mangrove ecosystem as carbon sink to achieve Indonesia’s FOLU net sink 2030, 2) community partnership for biodiversity conservation: social and policy, 3) ecological risk and natural disaster, 4) global biodiversity assessment: climate change impacts for biodiversity, and 5) biodiversity and ecotourism. Participant presentations were held in 3 sessions, and each session was divided into 3 rooms. The number of participants per room was 5-7 participants with an allocation of presentations for 7 minutes/participant conducted in parallel as many as three parallel sessions. Discussions sessions were held in parallel in each parallel session with an allocation of 3 minutes per participant. The Virtual BCTB conference implementation applied the zoom meeting application provided by the Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Hasanuddin. We received 95 abstracts in total, but after the review process, the committee accepted 52 manuscripts and rejected five manuscripts because they did not fit the sub themes. On behalf of the committee of this conference, we wish to convey our appreciation to the Minister of Environment and Forestry, the Rector of Hasanuddin University, and the Dean of Forestry Faculty for their support in ensuring the conference’s success. We want to thank the PT. Vale Indonesia, Kalla Group, AAS Foundation, PT. Inhutani 1 and the Ministry of Environment and Forestry unit in South Sulawesi for their valuable sponsorship of this international conference. Finally, we sincerely thank all committee members and a volunteer team of the Forestry Faculty at Hasanuddin University, who are committed and work hard for this international conference. We also sincerely thank all parties, including session chairs, Publication Management Center (PMC) of Universitas Hasanuddin, speakers, authors, and participants who made this conference meaningful and happening. We sincerely thank you for your generous support and look forward to working with you in the future. List of Conference Committee is available in this Pdf.

Abstract Background In January 1972, Klaus Winter submitted his first paper on crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) whilst still an undergraduate student in Darmstadt. During the subsequent half a century, he passed his Staatsexamensarbeit, obtained his Dr. rer. nat. summa cum laude and Dr. rer. nat. habil., won a Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Prize and a Heisenberg Fellowship, and has occupied positions in Germany, Australia, USA and Panama. Now a doyen in CAM circles, and a Senior Staff Scientist at the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI), he has published over 300 articles of which about 44 % are about CAM. Scope I document Winter’s career, attempting to place his CAM-related scientific output and evolution in context of factors that have influenced him as he and his science progressed from the 1970s to the 2020s.

As pesquisas com células-tronco, seja de origem dental ou não, vêm crescendo na área da odontologia nos últimos anos em decorrência das possibilidades terapêuticas que a utilização desse tipo celular oferece. Este estudo visa demonstrar um panorama brasileiro das pesquisas com células-tronco realizadas no país por pesquisadores da área da odontologia nos anos de 2014 até 2018, com base nos anais de trabalhos apresentados nas Reuniões Anuais da Sociedade Brasileira de Pesquisa Odontológica (SBPqO). Foi analisado aspectos como tipo de instituição, se as pesquisas foram financiadas e qual a agencia de fomento, tipo de estudo, estado e região que desenvolveu a pesquisa, tipo de célula e fonte da célula-tronco utilizada. Foram analisados um total de 15,214 resumos, deste total 96 estudos foram incluídos por se enquadrarem com os critérios de inclusão. A região Sudeste foi responsável por 65,7% dessa produção. As pesquisas realizadas nas instituições estaduais representaram 42,7% da produção nacional e 59,4% dos trabalhos foram financiados. As células-tronco humanas foram o tipo mais utiilizado, especialmente as originadas da polpa dentária (25%). Conclui-se que há uma escassez da produção científica voltada para as células-tronco na odontologia, bem como a necessidade de descentralização dessa produção nas demais regiões brasileiras.Descritores: Células-Tronco; Odontologia; Pesquisa em Odontologia.ReferênciasGronthos S, Mankani M, Brahim J, Robey PG, Shi S. Postnatal human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) in vitro and in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA.2000;97(25):13625-630.Freshney IR, Stacey GN, Aurebach JM. Culture of human stem cells: culture of specialized cells. New York: Wisley-Liss; 2007.Serakinci N, Keith WN. Therapeutic potential of adult stem cells. Eur J Cancer.2006;42(9):1243-46.Bianco P, Riminucci M, Gronthos S, Robey PG. Bone marrow stromal stem cells: nature, biology, and potential applications. Stem Cells.. 2001;19(3):180-92.Mvula B, Mathope T, Moore T, Abrahamse H. The effect of low-level laser irradiation on adult human adipose-derived stem cells. Lasers Med Sci. 2008;23(3):277-82.Kern S, Eichler H, Stoeve J, Klüter H, Bieback K. Comparative analysis of mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow, umbilical cord blood, or adipose tissue. Stem Cells. 2006; 24(5):1294-301.Slack JM. Stem cell in epithelial tissue. Science. 2000; 287:1431-33.Miura M, Gronthos S, Zhao M, Lu B, Fisher LW, Robey PG et al. SHED: stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA.2003; 100(10):5807-12.Chen SC, Marino V, Gronthos S, Bartold PM. Location of putative stem cells in human periodontal ligament. J Periodontal Res. 2006; 41(6):547-53.Nuti N, Corallo C, Chan BMF, Ferrari M, Gerami-Naini B. Multipotent differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells: a literature review. Stem Cell Rev. 2016;12(5):511-523.Barboza CAG, Ginani F, Soares DM, Henrique ACG, Freitas RA. Low-level laser irradiation induces in vitro proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells. Einstein (São Paulo) 2014;12(1):75-81.Soares DM, Ginani F, Henriques AG, Barboza CAG. Effects of laser therapy on the proliferation of human periodontal ligament stem cells. Lasers Med Sci. 2015;30(3):1171-74.Ginani F, Soares DM, Rabêlo LM, Rocha HAO, Souza LB, Barboza CAG. Effect of a cryopreservation protocol on the proliferation of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth. Acta Odontol Scand. 2016;74(8):598-604.Maciel MMSA, Silva KBN, Melo JGA, Soares DM. Metodologia ativa aplicada ao ensino odontológico: um panorama nacional a partir de um estudo bibliométrico. Arch Health Invest. 2019;8(2):74-78.Melo NB, Fernandes Neto JA, Catão MHCV, Bento PM. Metodologia da Problematização e Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas na Odontologia: análise bibliométrica dos trabalhos apresentados nas Reuniões da SBPqO. Revista da ABENO 2017;17(2):60-7.Xavier AFC, Silva ALO, Cavalcanti AL. Análise da produção científica em Odontologia no nordeste brasileiro com base em um congresso odontológico. Arq Odontol.2011;47(3):127-34.Aquino SN, Martelli DR, Bonan PRF, Laranjeira AL, Martelli Júnior H. Produção científica odontológica e relação com agências de financiamento de pesquisa. Arq Odontol. 2009; 45(3):142-46.Pontes KT, Silva EL, Macedo Filho RA, Silva DR, Lima FJ. Estudo bilbiométrico da produção científica em endodontia. Arch Health Invest. 2017;6(9):435-38.Soares DM, Maciel MMSA, Figueiredo-Filho A, Melo JGA. Brazilian scientific production in periodontics: a national panorama from a bibliometric study. Rev Clin Periodoncia Implantol Rehabil Oral. 2019;12(2):66-9.Taumaturgo VM, Vasques EFL, Figueiredo VMG. A Importância Da Odontologia Nas Pesquisas Em Células-Tronco. Rev Bahiana Odontol. 2016;7(2):166-71.Primo BT, Grazziotin-Soares R, Bertuzzi D, Claudy MP, Hernandez PAG, Fontanella VRC. Produção científica da ULBRA: análise do número e do delineamento das pesquisas publicadas nos suplementos da Brazilian Oral Research (SBPqO). Stomatos. 2010;16(31):69-76.Zorzanelli RT, Speroni AV, Menezes RA, Leibing A. Pesquisa com células-tronco no Brasil: a produção de um novo campo científico. Hist ciênc saúde-Manguinhos 2017;24(1):129-44.Lan X, Sun Z, Chu C, Boltze J, Li S. Dental Pulp Stem Cells: An Attractive Alternative for Cell Therapy in Ischemic Stroke. Front Neurol. 2019;10:824.Aydin S, Sahin F. Stem cells derived from dental tissues. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2019;1144:123-32.

If you cannot understand my argument, and declare “It’s Greek to me,” you are quoting Shakespeare.Bernard LevinPsoriatic arthritis, in its acute or “generalised” stage, is unbearably painful. Exacerbating the crippling of the joints, the entire surface of the skin is covered with lesions only moderately salved by anti-inflammatory ointment, the application of which is as painful as the ailment it seeks to relieve: NURSE MILLS: I’ll be as gentle as I can.Marlow’s face again fills the screen, intense concentration, comical strain, and a whispered urgency in the voice over—MARLOW: (Voice over) Think of something boring—For Christ’s sake think of something very very boring—Speech a speech by Ted Heath a sentence long sentence from Bernard Levin a quiz by Christopher Booker a—oh think think—! Really boring! A Welsh male-voice choir—Everything in Punch—Oh! Oh! — (Potter 17-18)Marlow’s collation of boring things as a frantic liturgy is an attempt to distract himself from a tumescence that is both unwanted and out of place. Although bed-ridden and in constant pain, he is still sensitive to erogenous stimulation, even when it is incidental. The act of recollection, of garnering lists of things that bore him, distracts him from his immediate situation as he struggles with the mental anguish of the prospect of a humiliating orgasm. Literary lists do many things. They provide richness of detail, assemble and corroborate the materiality of the world of which they are a part and provide insight into the psyche and motivation of the collator. The sheer desperation of Dennis Potter’s Marlow attests to the arbitrariness of the list, the simple requirement that discrete and unrelated items can be assembled in linear order, without any obligation for topical concatenation. In its interrogative form, the list can serve a more urgent and distressing purpose than distraction:GOLDBERG: What do you use for pyjamas?STANLEY: Nothing.GOLDBERG: You verminate the sheet of your birth.MCCANN: What about the Albigensenist heresy?GOLDBERG: Who watered the wicket in Melbourne?MCCANN: What about the blessed Oliver Plunkett?(Pinter 51)The interrogative non sequitur is an established feature of the art of intimidation. It is designed to exert maximum stress in the subject through the use of obscure asides and the endowing of trivial detail with profundity. Harold Pinter’s use of it in The Birthday Party reveals how central it was to his “theatre of menace.” The other tactic, which also draws on the logic of the inventory to be both sequential and discontinuous, is to break the subject’s will through a machine-like barrage of rhetorical questions that leave no time for answers.Pinter learned from Samuel Beckett the pitiless, unforgiving logic of trivial detail pushed to extremes. Think of Molloy’s dilemma of the sucking stones. In order for all sixteen stones that he carries with him to be sucked at least once to assuage his hunger, a reliable system has to be hit upon:Taking a stone from the right pocket of my greatcoat, and putting it in my mouth, I replaced it in the right pocket of my greatcoat by a stone from the right pocket of my trousers, which I replaced with a stone from the left pocket of my trousers, which I replaced by a stone from the left pocket of my greatcoat, which I replaced with the stone that was in my mouth, as soon as I had finished sucking it. Thus there were still four stones in each of my four pockets, but not quite the same stones. And when the desire to suck took hold of me again, I drew again on the right pocket of my greatcoat, certain of not taking the same stone as the last time. And while I sucked it I rearranged the other stones in the way I have just described. And so on. (Beckett, Molloy 69)And so on for six pages. Exhaustive permutation within a finite lexical set is common in Beckett. In the novel Watt the eponymous central character is charged with serving his unseen master’s dinner as well as tidying up afterwards. A simple and bucolic enough task it would seem. But Beckett’s characters are not satisfied with conjecture, the simple assumption that someone must be responsible for Mr. Knott’s dining arrangements. Like Molloy’s solution to the sucking stone problem, all possible scenarios must be considered to explain the conundrum of how and why Watt never saw Knott at mealtime. Twelve possibilities are offered, among them that1. Mr. Knott was responsible for the arrangement, and knew that he was responsible for the arrangement, and knew that such an arrangement existed, and was content.2. Mr. Knott was not responsible for the arrangement, but knew who was responsible for the arrangement, and knew that such an arrangement existed, and was content.(Beckett, Watt 86)This stringent adherence to detail, absurd and exasperating as it is, is the work of fiction, the persistence of a viable, believable thing called Watt who exists as long as his thought is made manifest on a page. All writers face this pernicious prospect of having to confront and satisfy “fiction’s gargantuan appetite for fact, for detail, for documentation” (Kenner 70). A writer’s writer (Philip Marlow) Dennis Potter’s singing detective struggles with the acute consciousness that words eventually will fail him. His struggle to overcome verbal entropy is a spectre that haunts the entire literary imagination, for when the words stop the world stops.Beckett made this struggle the very stuff of his work, declaring famously that all he wanted to do as a writer was to leave “a stain upon the silence” (quoted in Bair 681). His characters deteriorate from recognisable people (Hamm in Endgame, Winnie in Happy Days) to mere ciphers of speech acts (the bodiless head Listener in That Time, Mouth in Not I). During this process they provide us with the vocabulary of entropy, a horror most eloquently expressed at the end of The Unnamable: I can’t go on, you must go on, I’ll go on, you must say words, as long as there are any, until they find me, until they say me, strange pain, strange sin, you must go on, perhaps it’s done already, perhaps they have said me already, perhaps they have carried me to the threshold of my story, before the door that opens on my story, that would surprise me, if it opens, it will be I, it will be the silence, where I am, I don’t know, I’ll never know, in the silence you don’t know, you must go on, I can’t go on, I’ll go on. (Beckett, Molloy 418)The importance Beckett accorded to pauses in his writing, from breaks in dialogue to punctuation, stresses the pacing of utterance that is in sync with the rhythm of human breath. This is acutely underlined in Jack MacGowran’s extraordinary gramophone recording of the above passage from The Unnamable. There is exhaustion in his voice, but it is inflected by an urgent push for the next words to forestall the last gasp. And what might appear to be parsimony is in fact the very commerce of writing itself. It is an economy of necessity, when any words will suffice to sustain presence in the face of imminent silence.Hugh Kenner has written eloquently on the relationship between writing and entropy, drawing on field and number theory to demonstrate how the business of fiction is forever in the process of generating variation within a finite set. The “stoic comedian,” as he figures the writer facing the blank page, self-consciously practices their art in the full cognisance that they select “elements from a closed set, and then (arrange) them inside a closed field” (Kenner 94). The nouveau roman (a genre conceived and practiced in Beckett’s lean shadow) is remembered in literary history as a rather austere, po-faced formalism that foregrounded things at the expense of human psychology or social interaction. But it is emblematic of Kenner’s portrait of stoicism as an attitude to writing that confronts the nature of fiction itself, on its own terms, as a practice “which is endlessly arranging things” (13):The bulge of the bank also begins to take effect starting from the fifth row: this row, as a matter of fact, also possesses only twenty-one trees, whereas it should have twenty-two for a true trapezoid and twenty-three for a rectangle (uneven row). (Robbe-Grillet 21)As a matter of fact. The nouveau roman made a fine if myopic art of isolating detail for detail’s sake. However, it shares with both Beckett’s minimalism and Joyce’s maximalism the obligation of fiction to fill its world with stuff (“maximalism” is a term coined by Michel Delville and Andrew Norris in relation to the musical scores of Frank Zappa that opposes the minimalism of John Cage’s work). Kenner asks, in The Stoic Comedians, where do the “thousands on thousands of things come from, that clutter Ulysses?” His answer is simple, from “a convention” and this prosaic response takes us to the heart of the matter with respect to the impact on writing of Isaac Newton’s unforgiving Second Law of Thermodynamics. In the law’s strictest physical sense of the dissipation of heat, of the loss of energy within any closed system that moves, the stipulation of the Second Law predicts that words will, of necessity, stop in any form governed by convention (be it of horror, comedy, tragedy, the Bildungsroman, etc.). Building upon and at the same time refining the early work on motion and mass theorised by Aristotle, Kepler, and Galileo, inter alia, Newton refined both the laws and language of classical mechanics. It was from Wiener’s literary reading of Newton that Kenner segued from the loss of energy within any closed system (entropy) to the running silent out of words within fiction.In the wake of Norbert Wiener’s cybernetic turn in thinking in the 1940s, which was highly influenced by Newton’s Second Law, fiction would never again be considered in the same way (metafiction was a term coined in part to recognise this shift; the nouveau roman another). Far from delivering a reassured and reassuring present-ness, an integrated and ongoing cosmos, fiction is an isometric exercise in the struggle against entropy, of a world in imminent danger of running out of energy, of not-being:“His hand took his hat from the peg over his initialled heavy overcoat…” Four nouns, and the book’s world is heavier by four things. One, the hat, “Plasto’s high grade,” will remain in play to the end. The hand we shall continue to take for granted: it is Bloom’s; it goes with his body, which we are not to stop imagining. The peg and the overcoat will fade. “On the doorstep he felt in his hip pocket for the latchkey. Not there. In the trousers I left off.” Four more things. (Kenner 87)This passage from The Stoic Comedians is a tour de force of the conjuror’s art, slowing down the subliminal process of the illusion for us to see the fragility of fiction’s precarious grip on the verge of silence, heroically “filling four hundred empty pages with combinations of twenty-six different letters” (xiii). Kenner situates Joyce in a comic tradition, preceded by Gustave Flaubert and followed by Beckett, of exhaustive fictive possibility. The stoic, he tells us, “is one who considers, with neither panic nor indifference, that the field of possibilities available to him is large perhaps, or small perhaps, but closed” (he is prompt in reminding us that among novelists, gamblers and ethical theorists, the stoic is also a proponent of the Second Law of Thermodynamics) (xiii). If Joyce is the comedian of the inventory, then it is Flaubert, comedian of the Enlightenment, who is his immediate ancestor. Bouvard and Pécuchet (1881) is an unfinished novel written in the shadow of the Encyclopaedia, an apparatus of the literate mind that sought complete knowledge. But like the Encyclopaedia particularly and the Enlightenment more generally, it is fragmentation that determines its approach to and categorisation of detail as information about the world. Bouvard and Pécuchet ends, appropriately, in a frayed list of details, pronouncements and ephemera.In the face of an unassailable impasse, all that is left Flaubert is the list. For more than thirty years he constructed the Dictionary of Received Ideas in the shadow of the truncated Bouvard and Pécuchet. And in doing so he created for the nineteenth century mind “a handbook for novelists” (Kenner 19), a breakdown of all we know “into little pieces so arranged that they can be found one at a time” (3): ACADEMY, FRENCH: Run it down but try to belong to it if you can.GREEK: Whatever one cannot understand is Greek.KORAN: Book about Mohammed, which is all about women.MACHIAVELLIAN: Word only to be spoken with a shudder.PHILOSOPHY: Always snigger at it.WAGNER: Snigger when you hear his name and joke about the music of the future. (Flaubert, Dictionary 293-330)This is a sample of the exhaustion that issues from the tireless pursuit of categorisation, classification, and the mania for ordered information. The Dictionary manifests the Enlightenment’s insatiable hunger for received ideas, an unwieldy background noise of popular opinion, general knowledge, expertise, and hearsay. In both Bouvard and Pécuchet and the Dictionary, exhaustion was the foundation of a comic art as it was for both Joyce and Beckett after him, for the simple reason that it includes everything and neglects nothing. It is comedy born of overwhelming competence, a sublime impertinence, though not of manners or social etiquette, but rather, with a nod to Oscar Wilde, the impertinence of being definitive (a droll epithet that, not surprisingly, was the title of Kenner’s 1982 Times Literary Supplement review of Richard Ellmann’s revised and augmented biography of Joyce).The inventory, then, is the underlining physio-semiotics of fictional mechanics, an elegiac resistance to the thread of fiction fraying into nothingness. The motif of thermodynamics is no mere literary conceit here. Consider the opening sentence in Borges:Of the many problems which exercised the reckless discernment of Lönnrot, none was so strange—so rigorously strange, shall we say—as the periodic series of bloody events which culminated at the villa of Triste-le-Roy, amid the ceaseless aroma of the eucalypti. (Borges 76)The subordinate clause, as a means of adjectival and adverbial augmentation, implies a potentially infinite sentence through the sheer force of grammatical convention, a machine-like resistance to running out of puff:Under the notable influence of Chesterton (contriver and embellisher of elegant mysteries) and the palace counsellor Leibniz (inventor of the pre-established harmony), in my idle afternoons I have imagined this story plot which I shall perhaps write someday and which already justifies me somehow. (72)In “Pierre Menard, Author of the Quixote,” a single adjective charmed with emphasis will do to imply an unseen network:The visible work left by this novelist is easily and briefly enumerated. (Borges 36)The annotation of this network is the inexorable issue of the inflection: “I have said that Menard’s work can be easily enumerated. Having examined with care his personal files, I find that they contain the following items.” (37) This is a sample selection from nineteen entries:a) A Symbolist sonnet which appeared twice (with variants) in the review La conque (issues of March and October 1899).o) A transposition into alexandrines of Paul Valéry’s Le cimitière marin (N.R.F., January 1928).p) An invective against Paul Valéry, in the Papers for the Suppression of Reality of Jacques Reboul. (37-38)Lists, when we encounter them in Jorge Luis Borges, are always contextual, supplying necessary detail to expand upon character and situation. And they are always intertextual, anchoring this specific fictional world to others (imaginary, real, fabulatory or yet to come). The collation and annotation of the literary works of an imagined author (Pierre Menard) of an invented author (Edmond Teste) of an actual author (Paul Valéry) creates a recursive, yet generative, feedback loop of reference and literary progeny. As long as one of these authors continues to write, or write of the work of at least one of the others, a persistent fictional present tense is ensured.Consider Hillel Schwartz’s use of the list in his Making Noise (2011). It not only lists what can and is inevitably heard, in this instance the European 1700s, but what it, or local aural colour, is heard over:Earthy: criers of artichokes, asparagus, baskets, beans, beer, bells, biscuits, brooms, buttermilk, candles, six-pence-a-pound fair cherries, chickens, clothesline, cockles, combs, coal, crabs, cucumbers, death lists, door mats, eels, fresh eggs, firewood, flowers, garlic, hake, herring, ink, ivy, jokebooks, lace, lanterns, lemons, lettuce, mackeral, matches […]. (Schwartz 143)The extended list and the catalogue, when encountered as formalist set pieces in fiction or, as in Schwartz’s case, non-fiction, are the expansive equivalent of le mot juste, the self-conscious, painstaking selection of the right word, the specific detail. Of Ulysses, Kenner observes that it was perfectly natural that it “should have attracted the attention of a group of scholars who wanted practice in compiling a word-index to some extensive piece of prose (Miles Hanley, Word Index to Ulysses, 1937). More than any other work of fiction, it suggests by its texture, often by the very look of its pages, that it has been painstakingly assembled out of single words…” (31-32). In a book already crammed with detail, with persistent reference to itself, to other texts, other media, such formalist set pieces as the following from the oneiric “Circe” episode self-consciously perform for our scrutiny fiction’s insatiable hunger for more words, for invention, the Latin root of which also gives us the word inventory:The van of the procession appears headed by John Howard Parnell, city marshal, in a chessboard tabard, the Athlone Poursuivant and Ulster King of Arms. They are followed by the Right Honourable Joseph Hutchinson, lord mayor Dublin, the lord mayor of Cork, their worships the mayors of Limerick, Galway, Sligo and Waterford, twentyeight Irish representative peers, sirdars, grandees and maharajahs bearing the cloth of estate, the Dublin Metropolitan Fire Brigade, the chapter of the saints of finance in their plutocratic order of precedence, the bishop of Down and Connor, His Eminence Michael cardinal Logue archbishop of Armagh, primate of all Ireland, His Grace, the most reverend Dr William Alexander, archbishop of Armagh, primate of all Ireland, the chief rabbi, the Presbyterian moderator, the heads of the Baptist, Anabaptist, Methodist and Moravian chapels and the honorary secretary of the society of friends. (Joyce, Ulysses 602-604)Such examples demonstrate how Joycean inventories break from narrative as architectonic, stand-alone assemblages of information. They are Rabelaisian irruptions, like Philip Marlow’s lesions, that erupt in swollen bas-relief. The exaggerated, at times hysterical, quality of such lists, perform the hallucinatory work of displacement and condensation (the Homeric parallel here is the transformation of Odysseus’s men into swine by the witch Circe). Freudian, not to mention Stindberg-ian dream-work brings together and juxtaposes images and details that only make sense as non-sense (realistic but not real), such as the extraordinary explosive gathering of civic, commercial, political, chivalric representatives of Dublin in this foreshortened excerpt of Bloom’s regal campaign for his “new Bloomusalem” (606).The text’s formidable echolalia, whereby motifs recur and recapitulate into leitmotifs, ensures that the act of reading Ulysses is always cross-referential, suggesting the persistence of a conjured world that is always already still coming into being through reading. And it is of course this forestalling of Newton’s Second Law that Joyce brazenly conducts, in both the textual and physical sense, in Finnegans Wake. The Wake is an impossible book in that it infinitely sustains the circulation of words within a closed system, creating a weird feedback loop of cyclical return. It is a text that can run indefinitely through the force of its own momentum without coming to a conclusion. In a text in which the author’s alter ego is described in terms of the technology of inscription (Shem the Penman) and his craft as being a “punsil shapner,” (Joyce, Finnegans 98) Norbert Wiener’s descriptive example of feedback as the forestalling of entropy in the conscious act of picking up a pencil is apt: One we have determined this, our motion proceeds in such a way that we may say roughly that the amount by which the pencil is not yet picked up is decreased at each stage. (Wiener 7) The Wake overcomes the book’s, and indeed writing’s, struggle with entropy through the constant return of energy into its closed system as a cycle of endless return. Its generative algorithm can be represented thus: “… a long the riverrun …” (628-3). The Wake’s sense of unending confounds and contradicts, in advance, Frank Kermode’s averring to Newton’s Second Law in his insistence that the progression of all narrative fiction is defined in terms of the “sense of an ending,” the expectation of a conclusion, whereby the termination of words makes “possible a satisfying consonance with the origins and with the middle” (Kermode 17). It is the realisation of the novel imagined by Silas Flannery, the fictitious author in Italo Calvino’s If on a winter’s night a traveller, an incipit that “maintains for its whole duration the potentiality of the beginning” (Calvino 140). Finnegans Wake is unique in terms of the history of the novel (if that is indeed what it is) in that it is never read, but (as Joseph Frank observed of Joyce generally) “can only be re-read” (Frank 19). With Wiener’s allegory of feedback no doubt in mind, Jacques Derrida’s cybernetic account of the act of reading Joyce comes, like a form of echolalia, on the heels of Calvino’s incipit, his perpetual sustaining of the beginning: you stay on the edge of reading Joyce—for me this has been going on for twenty-five or thirty years—and the endless plunge throws you back onto the river-bank, on the brink of another possible immersion, ad infinitum … In any case, I have the feeling that I haven’t yet begun to read Joyce, and this “not having begun to read” is sometimes the most singular and active relationship I have with his work. (Derrida 148) Derrida wonders if this process of ongoing immersion in the text is typical of all works of literature and not just the Wake. The question is rhetorical and resonates into silence. And it is silence, ultimately, that hovers as a mute herald of the end when words will simply run out.Post(script)It is in the nature of all writing that it is read in the absence of its author. Perhaps the most typical form of writing, then, is the suicide note. In an extraordinary essay, “Goodbye, Cruel Words,” Mark Dery wonders why it has been “so neglected as a literary genre” and promptly sets about reviewing its decisive characteristics. Curiously, the list features amongst its many forms: I’m done with lifeI’m no goodI’m dead. (Dery 262)And references to lists of types of suicide notes are among Dery’s own notes to the essay. With its implicit generic capacity to intransitively add more detail, the list becomes in the light of the terminal letter a condition of writing itself. The irony of this is not lost on Dery as he ponders the impotent stoicism of the scribbler setting about the mordant task of writing for the last time. Writing at the last gasp, as Dery portrays it, is a form of dogged, radical will. But his concluding remarks are reflective of his melancholy attitude to this most desperate act of writing at degree zero: “The awful truth (unthinkable to a writer) is that eloquent suicide notes are rarer than rare because suicide is the moment when language fails—fails to hoist us out of the pit, fails even to express the unbearable weight” (264) of someone on the precipice of the very last word they will ever think, let alone write. Ihab Hassan (1967) and George Steiner (1967), it would seem, were latecomers as proselytisers of the language of silence. But there is a queer, uncanny optimism at work at the terminal moment of writing when, contra Dery, words prevail on the verge of “endless, silent night.” (264) Perhaps when Newton’s Second Law no longer has carriage over mortal life, words take on a weird half-life of their own. Writing, after Socrates, does indeed circulate indiscriminately among its readers. There is a dark irony associated with last words. When life ceases, words continue to have the final say as long as they are read, and in so doing they sustain an unlikely, and in their own way, stoical sense of unending.ReferencesBair, Deirdre. Samuel Beckett: A Biography. London: Jonathan Cape, 1978.Beckett, Samuel. Molloy Malone Dies. The Unnamable. London: John Calder, 1973.---. Watt. London: John Calder, 1976.Borges, Jorge Luis. Labyrinths. Selected Stories & Other Writings. Ed. Donald A. Yates & James E. Irby. New York: New Directions, 1964.Calvino, Italo. If On A Winter’s Night A Traveller. Trans. William Weaver, London: Picador, 1981.Delville, Michael, and Andrew Norris. “Frank Zappa, Captain Beefheart, and the Secret History of Maximalism.” Ed. Louis Armand. Contemporary Poetics: Redefining the Boundaries of Contemporary Poetics, in Theory & Practice, for the Twenty-First Century. Evanston: Northwestern UP, 2007. 126-49.Derrida, Jacques. “Two Words for Joyce.” Post-Structuralist Joyce. Essays from the French. Ed. Derek Attridge and Daniel Ferrer. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1984. 145-59.Dery, Mark. I Must Not think Bad Thoughts: Drive-by Essays on American Dread, American Dreams. Minneapolis: U of Minnesota P, 2012.Frank, Joseph, “Spatial Form in Modern Literature.” Sewanee Review, 53, 1945: 221-40, 433-56, 643-53.Flaubert, Gustave. Bouvard and Pécuchet. Trans. A. J. KrailSheimer. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1976.Flaubert, Gustave. Dictionary of Received Ideas. Trans. A. J. KrailSheimer. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1976.Hassan, Ihab. The Literature of Silence: Henry Miller and Samuel Beckett. New York: Knopf, 1967.Joyce, James. Finnegans Wake. London: Faber and Faber, 1975.---. Ulysses. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1992.Kenner, Hugh. The Stoic Comedians. Berkeley: U of California P, 1974.Kermode, Frank. The Sense of an Ending: Studies in the Theory of Narrative Fiction. New York: Oxford U P, 1966.‪Levin, Bernard. Enthusiasms. London: Jonathan Cape, 1983.MacGowran, Jack. MacGowran Speaking Beckett. Claddagh Records, 1966.Pinter, Harold. The Birthday Party. London: Methuen, 1968.Potter, Dennis. The Singing Detective. London, Faber and Faber, 1987.Robbe-Grillet, Alain. Jealousy. Trans. Richard Howard. London: John Calder, 1965.Schwartz, Hillel. Making Noise. From Babel to the Big Bang and Beyond. New York: Zone Books, 2011.Steiner, George. Language and Silence: New York: Atheneum, 1967.Wiener, Norbert. Cybernetics, Or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1965.