Journal articles on the topic 'Legumes'
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1
Thakar, Sambhaji B., Maruti J. Dhanavade, and Kailas D. Sonawane. "LegumeDB: Development of Legume Medicinal Plant Database and Comparative Molecular Evolutionary Analysis of matK Proteins of Legumes and Mangroves." Current Nutrition & Food Science 15, no. 4 (June 28, 2019): 353–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573401314666180223143523.
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Background: Legume plants are known for their rich medicinal and nutritional values. Large amount of medicinal information of various legume plants have been dispersed in the form of text. Objective: It is essential to design and construct a legume medicinal plants database, which integrate respective classes of legumes and include knowledge regarding medicinal applications along with their protein/enzyme sequences. Methods: The design and development of Legume Medicinal Plants Database (LegumeDB) has been done by using Microsoft Structure Query Language Server 2017. DBMS was used as back end and ASP.Net was used to lay out front end operations. VB.Net was used as arranged program for coding. Multiple sequence alignment, phylogenetic analysis and homology modeling techniques were also used. Results: This database includes information of 50 Legume medicinal species, which might be helpful to explore the information for researchers. Further, maturase K (matK) protein sequences of legumes and mangroves were retrieved from NCBI for multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis to understand evolutionary lineage between legumes and mangroves. Homology modeling technique was used to determine three-dimensional structure of matK from Legume species i.e. Vigna unguiculata using matK of mangrove species, Thespesia populnea as a template. The matK sequence analysis results indicate the conserved residues among legume and mangrove species. Conclusion: Phylogenetic analysis revealed closeness between legume species Vigna unguiculata and mangrove species Thespesia populnea to each other, indicating their similarity and origin from common ancestor. Thus, these studies might be helpful to understand evolutionary relationship between legumes and mangroves. : LegumeDB availability: http://legumedatabase.co.in
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Dai, Xinbin, Zhaohong Zhuang, Clarissa Boschiero, Yibo Dong, and Patrick X. Zhao. "LegumeIP V3: from models to crops—an integrative gene discovery platform for translational genomics in legumes." Nucleic Acids Research 49, no. D1 (November 9, 2020): D1472—D1479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkaa976.
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Abstract Legumes have contributed to human health, sustainable food and feed production worldwide for centuries. The study of model legumes has played vital roles in deciphering key genes, pathways, and networks regulating biological mechanisms and agronomic traits. Along with emerging breeding technology such as genome editing, translation of the knowledge gained from model plants to crops is in high demand. The updated database (V3) was redesigned for translational genomics targeting the discovery of novel key genes in less-studied non-model legume crops by referring to the knowledge gained in model legumes. The database contains genomic data for all 22 included species, and transcriptomic data covering thousands of RNA-seq samples mostly from model species. The rich biological data and analytic tools for gene expression and pathway analyses can be used to decipher critical genes, pathways, and networks in model legumes. The integrated comparative genomic functions further facilitate the translation of this knowledge to legume crops. Therefore, the database will be a valuable resource to identify important genes regulating specific biological mechanisms or agronomic traits in the non-model yet economically significant legume crops. LegumeIP V3 is available free to the public at https://plantgrn.noble.org/LegumeIP. Access to the database does not require login, registration, or password.
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Peoples, M. B., J. Brockwell, J. R. Hunt, A. D. Swan, L. Watson, R. C. Hayes, G. D. Li, et al. "Factors affecting the potential contributions of N2 fixation by legumes in Australian pasture systems." Crop and Pasture Science 63, no. 9 (2012): 759. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp12123.
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The amounts of foliage nitrogen (N) fixed by various annual and perennial legumes growing in Australian pastures range from <10 to >250 kg N/ha.year. Differences in N2 fixation result from variations in the proportion of the legume-N derived from atmospheric N2 (%Ndfa) and/or the amount of legume-N accumulated during growth. On-farm surveys of %Ndfa achieved by legumes growing in farmers’ paddocks in Australia indicated that N2 fixation contributed >65% of the legume’s N requirements in three-quarters of the annual legumes examined, but this decreased to two-thirds of lucerne (Medicago sativa; also known as alfalfa), and half of white clover (Trifolium repens) samples. Factors such as low numbers or the poor effectiveness of rhizobial strains in the soil, water stress, high soil concentrations of N, and nutrient disorders contribute to poor nodulation and %Ndfa values <65%, but there is also evidence that the observed %Ndfa can be dependent on the legume species present, and whether the legume is grown in a pure stand or in a mixed sward. The accumulation of legume-N relates primarily to the legume content and net productivity of the pasture. For many legume species, ~20 kg of shoot-N is fixed on average for every tonne of herbage dry matter produced. Legume productivity can be influenced by (i) sowing and establishment techniques and other strategies that enhance the legume content in pasture swards; (ii) the amelioration of soil constraints; (iii) the use of new legume species (and host–rhizobial strain combinations) that are more tolerant of hostile soil environments than subterranean clover (T. subterraneum) or annual medics (Medicago spp); and (iv) the inclusion of perennials such as lucerne to offset the year-to-year variability in productivity and N2 fixation that is a common occurrence with annual legumes.
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Looi, E. P., and N. MohdMaidin. "The bioactivities of legumes: a review." Food Research 7, no. 5 (October 31, 2023): 339–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.7(5).083.
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Legumes are dehiscent plants which belong to the family of Fabaceae and are rich in nutrients. Although legumes are known for their beneficial health effects, the consumption of legumes is still low due to gastrointestinal problems after consumption as well as long cooking time. Hence, this review aimed to discuss the bioactivities of legumes exerted in regard to the different extraction methods namely solvent (SE), microwave-assisted (MAE), ultrasound-assisted (UAE), supercritical fluid (SFE) and pressurized liquid extraction (PLE). Generally, the MAE legume extract could potentially exert the highest antioxidant activity than UAE and SE. Meanwhile, UAE legume extract displayed higher strength in anti-diabetic activity as compared to MAE while SFE legume extract showed higher anti-diabetic activity than PLE. The effectiveness of antimicrobial and antiinflammatory activity of legumes by different extraction techniques can be predicted by the amount of total phenolic compound. The higher total phenolic compound of legumes contributed to the strength of the bioactivity of legumes. The legume extract can also be applied to additives, nutraceutical products and skin care products. This review aimed to provide a better understanding of the suitable extraction techniques that potentially exert the highest bioactivity in legumes and hence increase the consumption of legumes as well as reduce prejudice towards eating legumes.
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Perera, Thushanthi, Candace Russo, Yumie Takata, and Gerd Bobe. "Legume Consumption Patterns in US Adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2014 and Beans, Lentils, Peas (BLP) 2017 Survey." Nutrients 12, no. 5 (April 27, 2020): 1237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12051237.
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Given the emerging health benefits of regular legume consumption, we hypothesized that the historically low legume consumption levels in US adults increased. We evaluated legume consumption patterns in US adults using cross-sectional data from the 2011–2012 and 2013–2014-year cycles of National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) and a 2017 cross-sectional, online survey of Oregon families named “Beans, Lentils, Peas (BLP) Survey”. We also compared legume consumption patterns between consumers below US dietary recommendations for mature legumes (<37.5 g/day, marginal), below levels showing nutritional and disease-prevention benefits (37.5–87.49 g/day, recommended); and levels demonstrating nutritional and disease prevention benefits (≥87.5 g/day; beneficial). In NHANES, legume consumption remained low in US adults and declined from 2011 to 2014 (mature legumes: 12.8 to 8.3%; dry beans: 10.0 to 6.5%). In BLP, less than 5% consumed legumes daily; approximately one-third did not consume legumes during the last month. Marginal mature-legume consumers ate a limited variety of legumes (dry beans and green legumes on a weekly to monthly basis). Beneficial amount consumers ate mature legumes daily or every other day and included chickpeas, lentils and dry peas to their legume mix. Our data suggest that legume consumption declined in US adults, warranting improved communication about the benefits of regular legume consumption.
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Bielefeld, Dale, Jaimee Hughes, and Sara Grafenauer. "The Changing Landscape of Legume Products Available in Australian Supermarkets." Nutrients 13, no. 9 (September 16, 2021): 3226. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13093226.
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Evidence supports regular dietary inclusion of legumes due to their positive effects on both human and planetary health. Intake within Australia is suboptimal, with consumer data suggesting that an inability to integrate legumes into usual dietary patterns is a barrier to consumption. This places the food industry in a unique position to offer Australians the ability to incorporate legumes into usual dietary patterns via innovative new products. The aim of this study was to explore the legume category and compare nutrition product data and the use of nutrition and health claims between 2019 and 2021. An audit of legume products from four major metropolitan Sydney supermarkets (Aldi, Coles, IGA, Woolworths) collected ingredient lists, nutrition information and on-pack claims for baked beans, legume dips, legume flours, legume snacks (including subcategories of legume chips and whole legume snacks), canned legumes, dried legumes, frozen legumes, and pulse pasta. The total number of legume products available on the market nearly doubled from 2019 (n = 312) to 2021 (n = 610); this was driven by traditional plain canned and dried legumes and some new and convenient options, particularly snacks (legume chips) where the largest growth occurred. Of all legume products (n = 610), 82% met the Nutrient Profiling Scoring Criteria, 86.8% were at least a source of dietary fibre, and 55.9% were at least a source of protein. Nutrition content claims relating to dietary fibre, gluten free and protein more than doubled since 2019, with each featuring on over one third of the products identified in 2021. Vegan/vegetarian on-pack claims more than doubled since 2019, and claims related to the term plant-based/plant protein and environmental sustainability emerged on packs in 2021. By addressing barriers to consumption, such as lack of time and knowledge on how to prepare legumes, innovative legume products may help influence future consumption patterns.
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Harrison, Tia L., Anna K. Simonsen, John R. Stinchcombe, and Megan E. Frederickson. "More partners, more ranges: generalist legumes spread more easily around the globe." Biology Letters 14, no. 11 (November 2018): 20180616. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2018.0616.
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How does mutualism affect range expansion? On the one hand, mutualists might thrive in new habitats thanks to the resources, stress tolerance or defence provided by their partners. On the other, specialized mutualists might fail to find compatible partners beyond their range margins, limiting further spread. A recent global analysis of legume ranges found that non-symbiotic legumes have been successfully introduced to more ranges than legumes that form symbioses with rhizobia, but there is still abundant unexplained variation in introduction success within symbiotic legumes. We test the hypothesis that generalist legumes have spread to more ranges than specialist legumes. We used published data and rhizobial 16S rRNA sequences from GenBank to quantify the number of rhizobia partners that associate with 159 legume species, spanning the legume phylogeny and the globe. We found that generalist legumes occur in more introduced ranges than specialist legumes, suggesting that among mutualists, specialization hinders range expansions.
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Hughes, Jaimee, Emma Pearson, and Sara Grafenauer. "Legumes—A Comprehensive Exploration of Global Food-Based Dietary Guidelines and Consumption." Nutrients 14, no. 15 (July 27, 2022): 3080. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14153080.
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Despite the well-known human and planetary health benefits of legumes, consumption is often low. This scoping review aimed to evaluate the inclusion of legumes in global food-based dietary guidelines (FBDG), and to review consumption data against global food group classifications for legumes. The review of FBDG from 94 countries identified legume-based key messaging, the key terms used to define legumes, recommended serving size and frequency of consumption and the classification of legumes into food groups as depicted by food guides. The 2018 Global Dietary Database isolated consumption data of legumes and beans using individual-level, nationally representative dietary survey data for matched countries. Food-based dietary guidelines from 40/94 countries most often identified legumes utilising the term legumes, followed by beans (n = 13), pulses (n = 10), or as beans, peas and lentils (n = 5). The serving size recommendations for legume consumption varied widely, and there was no consistency in the suggested frequency of consumption. Median bean and legume consumption for countries with FBDG ranged from 1.2 g/d (Norway) to 122.7 g/d (Afghanistan). Classification of legumes into food groups varied, with 38% of countries categorising legumes in the protein-rich food group, 20% were in a group on their own and 15% were in the starchy staples group. In countries where legumes were together with either nuts or seeds had the greatest range in intake (11.6–122.7 g/day), followed by those that grouped legumes together with protein-rich foods (4.0–104.7 g/day), while countries that grouped legumes into two food groups, in an attempt to promote consumption, tended to have a lower consumption. Greater emphasis and perhaps repositioning of legumes in dietary guidelines may be required to encourage consumption for health, environmental and economic benefits.
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Scheublin, Tanja R., Karyn P. Ridgway, J. Peter W. Young, and Marcel G. A. van der Heijden. "Nonlegumes, Legumes, and Root Nodules Harbor Different Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Communities." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, no. 10 (October 2004): 6240–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.10.6240-6246.2004.
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ABSTRACT Legumes are an important plant functional group since they can form a tripartite symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing Rhizobium bacteria and phosphorus-acquiring arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). However, not much is known about AMF community composition in legumes and their root nodules. In this study, we analyzed the AMF community composition in the roots of three nonlegumes and in the roots and root nodules of three legumes growing in a natural dune grassland. We amplified a portion of the small-subunit ribosomal DNA and analyzed it by using restriction fragment length polymorphism and direct sequencing. We found differences in AMF communities between legumes and nonlegumes and between legume roots and root nodules. Different plant species also contained different AMF communities, with different AMF diversity. One AMF sequence type was much more abundant in legumes than in nonlegumes (39 and 13%, respectively). Root nodules contained characteristic AMF communities that were different from those in legume roots, even though the communities were similar in nodules from different legume species. One AMF sequence type was found almost exclusively in root nodules. Legumes and root nodules have relatively high nitrogen concentrations and high phosphorus demands. Accordingly, the presence of legume- and nodule-related AMF can be explained by the specific nutritional requirements of legumes or by host-specific interactions among legumes, root nodules, and AMF. In summary, we found that AMF communities vary between plant functional groups (legumes and nonlegumes), between plant species, and between parts of a root system (roots and root nodules).
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Ibsen, Daniel Borch, Lisbeth Mogensen, Milena Corredig, and Christina Catherine Dahm. "Legumes in a sustainable healthy diet: (How) to be or not to be, that is the question." International Journal of Food Design 7, no. 2 (November 1, 2022): 171–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ijfd_00044_3.
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One of the staple foods in a healthy and sustainable diet is legumes. As such, new dietary guidelines around the globe now include higher intakes of legumes. For example, the most recent Danish dietary guidelines recommend a daily intake of 100 g of cooked legumes. This is, however, far from current intakes. The question is then, how should legumes be (or not be) designed to enable this grand dietary transition necessary to contribute to current global sustainability goals? One option has been to produce legume-based meat alternatives. But is this the only way to go? In this opinion, we debate this solution. We outline the processing, health and climate aspect of legume product consumption and argue that we do not have the right information to be able to appropriately design future legume-based foods. We conclude that processing must be part of the solution as we also need to replace red meat with legumes and re-design traditional meals to include legumes or legume products. Finally, to create the necessary lasting impact for planetary and population health, further dimensions such as food culture, equitability and affordability should also be in focus.
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., Sajimin, Nurhayati D. Purwantari, and Irawan Sugoro. "Contribution of legumes on phosphoric absorption by Panicum maximum cv Riversdale in intercropping system." Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner 21, no. 3 (August 16, 2017): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.14334/jitv.v21i3.1520.
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Phosphorus availability in soil as a mobile mineral influences forage growth. The purpose of doing this research is to enhance the soil phosphorus availability and grass production of Panicum maximum cv Riversdale by intercropping system with legums. The experiment was conducted based on with randomized design with five treatments of mixcropping of: (i) Gliricidia sepium + P. maximum; (ii) Calliandra calothyrsus + P. maximum; (iii) Leucaena leucocephala cv Taramba + P. maximum; (iv) Calopogonium mucunoides + P. maximum; (v) P. maximum as negative control. Plants were grown in pots with split-root technique using partition with a whole to allow some legume roots grew in the grass side. After growing for three months, on the legume areas 32P isotop solution was injected for 50 ml (11.23 μci/ml). After 21 days incubation samples were collected from both soil areas and both plants. The translocation of 32P was determined using geiger counter from legumes into the grass and the concentration of 32P was also determined in all plants. Forage productions was determined both in the legumes and grass. Result showed that soil phosphorus concentration in the grass area was significantly improved by intercropping with G. sepium and C. callothyrsus, while the one with L. leucocephala was similar, and the one with C. mucunoides was significantly lower than that of negative control (without legume). Detection of 32P showed that there was P translocation in the system. P. maximum grass production depending on kind of legumes (P<0.05) those with G. sepium was significantly higher, L. leucocephala and C. callothyrsus were not significantly higher, while the one with C. mucunoides was 26.2% lower from the control although not significantly. However, C. mucunoides produced the highest forage from the legume plant. It is concluded that grass-legume intercropping had a positive impact on phosphorus soil concentration in the grass area and grass production. Kind of legumes influenced the effectivity.
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Lema, Caroline Fredy, Michael Kadigi, and Kim Abel Kayunze. "Farmers’ Awareness of and Attitude towards Diversified Legumes Production in Singida Region, Tanzania." European Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences 6, no. 1 (January 11, 2024): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejfood.2024.6.1.710.
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For an extended period, legumes have served as nutritional sources in the diets of both humans and animals. Efforts have been made to increase the yield of the legume crops in Tanzania, but there is still low awareness of and unfavourable attitudes towards legume crop diversification among farmers. The study, on which this paper is based, aimed at investigating farmers’ awareness of and attitude towards diversified legumes, specifically to analyze socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents, assess awareness of and attitude towards diversified legumes production, and determine effects of awareness of and attitude towards diversified legumes production on management practices of diversified legumes production. A cross-sectional survey was employed whereby primary data were collected from 204 legume farmers using a semi-structured questionnaire. Content analysis was conducted using Nvivo software to analyze qualitative data. For quantitative data, Likert scale analysis was employed as a method for descriptive statistics, and Principal Component Analysis was used as a method for inferential analysis. These analyses were performed using Smart PLS software. The findings of the study revealed that several factors significantly influenced smallholder farmers' awareness and perception of diversified legumes. These factors included ease of cultivation, fair distribution of seeds, food availability, increase in income level, high legume harvest, and higher profitability of legumes (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the statement "enough of information" did not show statistical significance (p > 0.05). However, it exhibited a positive association. Conclusively, criteria like "easy cultivation" and "fair seed distribution" had a big impact on how smallholder farmers perceived and knew about diverse legumes. However, "enough information" did not appear to have a major significance. In addition, it was found that major influences on farmers' attitudes and understanding of diversified legumes included the availability of food, rising income levels, high yields of legumes, and perceived profitability. The paper recommends for the improvement of farmers' awareness and perception of diversified legumes, fair seed distribution methods must be established that provide equal access to high-quality seeds with the help of government organizations, non-profit organizations, and seed businesses.
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Pandey, Sanjay Kumar. "Species composition and diversity of legumes in sal plantations of north-eastern Uttar Pradesh, India." Annals of Plant Sciences 6, no. 9 (September 1, 2017): 1668. http://dx.doi.org/10.21746/aps.2017.9.1.
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The present study aims to compare the composition, diversity and distribution pattern of legumes vs. non- legumes in the regional sal forest of north- eastern Uttar Pradesh, India. In order to show pattern of change in different phytosociological data, the species of similar habits were sorted into different habit groups. In addition to usual regeneration through seeds, a number of legumes also showed non- seed regeneration strategy. As many as 57% of the total legume individuals were of ramet origin but belonged only to 5% of the legumes of forest. The presence of legumes with 41 species (out of 246 in regional forest) sharing 17.7% of importance value (IVI) in sal forest was noticeable. About one third total individuals in forest were herbaceous. Mean density for legume trees was >6 per ha while it was > 6000 per ha for legume shrubs. Moghania chappar, M. lineata, M. bracteata and Desmodium gangeticum were most abundant legume shrubs in regional sal forest. The general rank- abundance curve for regional sal forests was quite steep and close to log normal curve. The legume diversity is crucial for nutritional status of forest soil and legumes are known to heal the disturbed forest. Besides information on the present status of common leguminous vs. non- leguminous species, the results provide clues for the management option in these forests and for the maintenance of legume diversity in such stochastic environment.
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Detmann, Edenio, Marcia de Oliveira Franco, Daiany Íris Gomes, Marcília Medrado Barbosa, and Sebastião de Campos Valadares Filho. "Protein contamination on Klason lignin contents in tropical grasses and legumes." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 49, no. 12 (December 2014): 994–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2014001200010.
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The objective of this work was to evaluate the extent of protein contamination on Klason lignin (KL) in tropical grasses and legumes, and to propose an equation to estimate the protein-free content of Klason lignin (KLp). Five grass (30 samples) and 12 legume species (31 samples) were evaluated. Legumes had higher KL contents. Protein contamination was significant in both grasses and legumes, but greater in legume samples. The model to predict KLp was based on KL and crude protein (CP) contents, as follows: KLp = 0.8807KL - 0.0938KL x D - 0.00338CP (R2=0.935), in which D=0, for grasses, and D=1 for legumes.
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Cichońska, Patrycja, and Małgorzata Ziarno. "Legumes and Legume-Based Beverages Fermented with Lactic Acid Bacteria as a Potential Carrier of Probiotics and Prebiotics." Microorganisms 10, no. 1 (December 31, 2021): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10010091.
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Fermentation is widely used in the processing of dairy, meat, and plant products. Due to the growing popularity of plant diets and the health benefits of consuming fermented products, there has been growing interest in the fermentation of plant products and the selection of microorganisms suitable for this process. The review provides a brief overview of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and their use in fermentation of legumes and legume-based beverages. Its scope also extends to prebiotic ingredients present in legumes and legume-based beverages that can support the growth of LAB. Legumes are a suitable matrix for the production of plant-based beverages, which are the most popular products among dairy alternatives. Legumes and legume-based beverages have been successfully fermented with LAB. Legumes are a natural source of ingredients with prebiotic properties, including oligosaccharides, resistant starch, polyphenols, and isoflavones. These compounds provide a broad range of important physiological benefits, including anti-inflammatory and immune regulation, as well as anti-cancer properties and metabolic regulation. The properties of legumes make it possible to use them to create synbiotic food, which is a source of probiotics and prebiotics.
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Becerra-Tomás, Nerea, Christopher Papandreou, and Jordi Salas-Salvadó. "Legume Consumption and Cardiometabolic Health." Advances in Nutrition 10, Supplement_4 (November 1, 2019): S437—S450. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmz003.
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ABSTRACT Legumes are key components of several plant-based diets and are recognized as having a wide range of potential health benefits. Previous systematic reviews and meta-analyses have summarized the evidence regarding different cardiometabolic outcomes, such as cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D), and legume consumption. However, those studies did not differentiate between nonsoy and soy legumes, which have different nutritional profiles. The aim of the present updated review, therefore, was to summarize and meta-analyze the published evidence regarding legume consumption (making a distinction between nonsoy and soy legumes) and cardiometabolic diseases. In addition, we reviewed randomized clinical trials assessing the effect of legume consumption on CVD risk factors in order to understand their associations. The results revealed a prospective, significant inverse association between total legume consumption and CVD and coronary heart disease risk, whereas a nonsignificant association was observed with T2D and stroke. In the stratified analysis by legume subtypes, only nonsoy legumes were associated with lower risk of T2D. Unfortunately, owing to the paucity of studies analyzing legumes and CVD, it was not possible to stratify the analysis for these outcomes. Because of the high degree of heterogeneity observed for most of the outcomes and the few studies included in some analyses, further prospective studies are warranted to determine the potential role of legume consumption on CVD and T2D.
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Mansaray, Augustine, Abdul Babatunde Karim, Thomas Brima Rick Yormah, and Abdul Rahman Conteh. "Effect of Cassava-Legume Intercropping Systems on the Population Dynamics of Legumes Insect Pests in Three Major Agro-Climatic Zones of Sierra Leone." International Research Journal of Insect Sciences 7, no. 1 (August 5, 2022): 20–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/irjis.v7i1.3086.
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Field trials were conducted in three agro-climatic zones of the country to evaluate the effect of cassava-legume-based intercropping systems on the population dynamics of legumes insect pests. The experiment consisted of a factorial treatment combination of seven cropping systems, two cassava architectures, and two spatial arrangements. The study reveals that a higher percentage incidence and severity scores of the legumes insect pests were recorded on the sole legumes compared to the intercropping systems. Also, intercropping the grain legumes using the erect cassava variety at a spatial arrangement of 1 m x 1 m recorded the lowest number of pests per plant, incidence and severity of legumes insect pests compared to the branched cassava architecture, and the 2 m x 0.5 m spatial arrangement. In conclusion, it was shown that, cassava-legume intercropping systems could significantly influence reduction in the number of pests per plant, incidence, and severity of legumes insect pests.
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Khatun, Marium, Sumi Sarkar, Farzana Mustafa Era, A. K. M. Mominul Islam, Md Parvez Anwar, Shah Fahad, Rahul Datta, and A. K. M. Aminul Islam. "Drought Stress in Grain Legumes: Effects, Tolerance Mechanisms and Management." Agronomy 11, no. 12 (November 23, 2021): 2374. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11122374.
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Grain legumes are important sources of proteins, essential micronutrients and vitamins and for human nutrition. Climate change, including drought, is a severe threat to grain legume production throughout the world. In this review, the morpho-physiological, physio-biochemical and molecular levels of drought stress in legumes are described. Moreover, different tolerance mechanisms, such as the morphological, physio-biochemical and molecular mechanisms of legumes, are also reviewed. Moreover, various management approaches for mitigating the drought stress effects in grain legumes are assessed. Reduced leaf area, shoot and root growth, chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance, CO2 influx, nutrient uptake and translocation, and water-use efficiency (WUE) ultimately affect legume yields. The yield loss of grain legumes varies from species to species, even variety to variety within a species, depending upon the severity of drought stress and several other factors, such as phenology, soil textures and agro-climatic conditions. Closure of stomata leads to an increase in leaf temperature by reducing the transpiration rate, and, so, the legume plant faces another stress under drought stress. The biosynthesis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is the most detrimental effect of drought stress. Legumes can adapt to the drought stress by changing their morphology, physiology and molecular mechanism. Improved root system architecture (RSA), reduced number and size of leaves, stress-induced phytohormone, stomatal closure, antioxidant defense system, solute accumulation (e.g., proline) and altered gene expression play a crucial role in drought tolerance. Several agronomic, breeding both conventional and molecular, biotechnological approaches are used as management practices for developing a drought-tolerant legume without affecting crop yield. Exogenous application of plant-growth regulators (PGRs), osmoprotectants and inoculation by Rhizobacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi promotes drought tolerance in legumes. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs), genomic selection (GS), marker-assisted selection (MAS), OMICS-based technology and CRISPR/Cas9 make the breeding work easy and save time in the developmental cycle to get resistant legumes. Several drought-resistant grain legumes, such as the chickpea, faba bean, common bean and pigeon pea, were developed by different institutions. Drought-tolerant transgenic legumes, for example, chickpeas, are developed by introgressing desired genes through breeding and biotechnological approaches. Several quantitative trait loci (QTLs), candidate genes occupying drought-tolerant traits, are identified from a variety of grain legumes, but not all are under proper implementation. Hence, more research should be conducted to improve the drought-tolerant traits of grain legumes for avoiding losses during drought.
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Sheaffer, C. C., and G. C. Marten. "Kura clover forage yield, forage quality, and stand dynamics." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 71, no. 4 (October 1, 1991): 1169–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps91-163.
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Persistent legumes are needed for livestock production in the northern U.S.A. and Canada. We compared forage yield, forage quality and stands of kura clover (Trifolium ambiguum M. Bieb.), a rhizomatous perennial legume, with commonly grown forage legumes. Kura clover had lower initial stands and yields than most other legumes, but was ultimately among the highest yielding legumes and had greater stand persistence and higher forage digestibility than other legumes when subjected to a diversity of cutting schedules. Key words: Kura clover, forage yield, cutting schedules, persistence
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Sutjaritjai, Natcha, Prasit Wangpakapattanawong, Henrik Balslev, and Angkhana Inta. "Traditional Uses of Leguminosae among the Karen in Thailand." Plants 8, no. 12 (December 13, 2019): 600. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants8120600.
Full textAbstract:
Leguminosae (legumes) are one of the largest plant families. They are widely used for a variety of purposes by people around the world and include many important cultivated economic food crops. On local scales, legumes are commonly used by various ethnic groups. However, the data are incomplete and scattered, not least in Thailand. We found that species of legumes were important in Karen communities, so we decided to investigate in detail the traditional knowledge of legumes on a local scale among Karen people in northern Thailand. We interviewed six herbalists and eighty-four nonherbalist informants in three Karen villages in Chiang Mai province about their use of legumes, and about the local names for the species, using semistructured interviews. A total of 83 legumes species (in 45 genera) had 4443 use reports. Five of the 83 legume species had not been reported previously as used in Thailand. Most Karen use reports (43%) of legumes were for food, medicine (36%), and materials (8%), but in term of species more legumes (68 species) were used for medicine than for food (53 species). The legume genera with most used species were Crotalaria and Flemingia each with six species. The most important species are Tamarindus indica (CI = 3.38), Senegalia rugata (CI = 2.39), Glycine max (CI = 1.27) respectively.
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Bell, Lindsay W., John Lawrence, Brian Johnson, and Mark B. Peoples. "New ley legumes increase nitrogen fixation and availability and grain crop yields in subtropical cropping systems." Crop and Pasture Science 68, no. 1 (2017): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp16248.
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Several new and existing short-term forage legumes could be used to provide nitrogen (N) inputs for grain crops in subtropical farming systems. The fixed-N inputs from summer-growing forage legumes lablab (Lablab purpureus), burgundy bean (Macroptilium bracteatum) and lucerne (Medicago sativa) and winter-growing legume species snail medic (Medicago scutellata), sulla (Hedysarum coronarium) and purple vetch (Vicia benghalensis) were compared over several growing seasons at four locations in southern Queensland, Australia. Available soil mineral N and grain yield of a following cereal crop were compared among summer-growing legumes and forage sorghum (Sorghum spp. hybrid) and among winter-growing legumes and forage oats (Avena sativa). In the first year at all sites, legumes utilised the high initial soil mineral N, with <30% of the legume N estimated to have been derived from atmospheric N2 (%Ndfa) and legume-fixed N <30 kg/ha. In subsequent years, once soil mineral N had been depleted, %Ndfa increased to 50–70% in the summer-growing legumes and to 60–80% in winter-growing legumes. However, because forage shoot N was removed, rarely did fixed N provide a positive N balance. Both lablab and burgundy bean fixed up to 150 kg N/ha, which was more than lucerne in all seasons. Prior to sowing cereal grain crops, soil nitrate was 30–50 kg/ha higher after summer legumes than after forage sorghum. At one site, lablab and lucerne increased the growth and yield of a subsequent grain sorghum crop by 1.4 t/ha compared with growth after forage sorghum or burgundy bean. Of the winter-growing legumes, sulla had the highest total N2 fixation (up to 150 kg N/ha.year) and inputs of fixed N (up to 75 kg N/ha), and resulted in the highest concentrations of soil N (80–100 kg N/ha more than oats) before sowing of the following crop. Wheat protein was increased after winter legumes, but there was no observed yield benefit for wheat or grain sorghum crops. New forage legume options, lablab, burgundy bean and sulla, showed potential to increase N supply in crop rotations in subtropical farming systems, contributing significant fixed N (75–150 kg/ha) and increasing available soil N for subsequent crops compared to non-legume forage crops. However, high soil mineral N (>50 kg N/ha) greatly reduced N2 fixation by forage legumes, and significant N2 fixation only occurred once legume shoot N uptake exceeded soil mineral N at the start of the growing season. Further work is required to explore the impact of different management strategies, such as livestock grazing rather than harvesting for hay, on the long-term implications for nutrient supply for subsequent crops.
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Ewing, MA, AD Bathgate, RJ French, and CK Revell. "The role of crop and pasture legumes in rotations on duplex soils." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 32, no. 7 (1992): 971. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9920971.
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Duplex soils are prominent in southern Australia and are generally low in fertility. Their agricultural performance is, therefore, suboptimal in most circumstances without an exogenous source of nitrogen. This is often supplied by legumes which are grown in rotation with non-leguminous crops. Both crop and pasture legumes are now widely used in southern Australia and the contribution that they make to the non-legume phase of rotations is through nitrogen fixation and through other mechanisms such as cereal disease breaks. We use a mathematical programming model, MIDAS (Model of an Integrated Farming Dryland Agricultural System), to investigate the role of legumes in the low rainfall wheatbelt of Western Australia. The impact of legumes on farm profitability is assessed with a special focus on the contribution of legumes grown on a duplex soil. By using the model, the sensitivity of rotation choice on this duplex soil to changes in biological and economic parameters is explored. We conclude that crop legumes, in particular, have a firmly established role on sandy-surfaced duplex soils in low rainfall regions and that substantial increases in both the productivity and legume content of pasture would be required to outperform rotations which include crop legumes.
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SCHULZ, S., A. N. HONLONKOU, R. J. CARSKY, V. M. MANYONG, and B. D. OYEWOLE. "ALTERNATIVES TO MUCUNA FOR SOIL FERTILITY MANAGEMENT IN SOUTHERN BÉNIN: FARMER PERCEPTION AND USE OF TRADITIONAL AND EXOTIC GRAIN LEGUMES." Experimental Agriculture 39, no. 3 (June 25, 2003): 267–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479703001273.
Full textAbstract:
In southern Bénin, the legume cover crop Mucuna pruriens var. utilis has been widely promoted for soil fertility improvement. Recent findings have shown, however, that the majority of farmers have not adopted it, and that alternative technologies are needed that are both attractive to farmers and beneficial in terms of soil fertility. A survey was carried out in southern Bénin to determine farmer perception and use of traditional grain legumes and to assess the adoption potential of new low-harvest-index grain legumes. Grain legumes were shown to be integral components of traditional cropping systems and constituted farmers' most important technology for soil fertility maintenance. More than 80% of respondents expressed interest in testing new, low-harvest-index varieties. Preferred grain characteristics and farmers' culinary preferences for grain legumes varied between locations and need to be taken into account if new germplasm is to be introduced. It is argued that farmers' interest and experience in legume cultivation provide an opportunity for the introduction of alternative legume-based technologies such as low-harvest-index grain legumes and techniques for the detoxification of mucuna seed. In addition, efforts should be made to increase the productivity of current legume production systems and to develop mucuna cultivars with reduced L-dopa content.
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Khrisanapant, Kebede, Leong, and Oey. "A Comprehensive Characterisation of Volatile and Fatty Acid Profiles of Legume Seeds." Foods 8, no. 12 (December 6, 2019): 651. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods8120651.
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Legumes are rich in unsaturated fatty acids, which make them susceptible to (non) enzymatic oxidations leading to undesirable odour formation. This study aimed to characterise the volatile and fatty acid profiles of eleven types of legumes using headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) and GC coupled with a flame ionisation detector (GC-FID), respectively. Volatile aldehydes, alcohols, ketones, esters, terpenes and hydrocarbons were the chemical groups identified across all the legumes. The lipids comprised palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic and α-linolenic acids, with unsaturated fatty acids comprising at least 66.1% to 85.3% of the total lipids for the legumes studied. Multivariate data analysis was used to compare volatile and fatty acid profiles between legumes, which allow discriminant compounds pertinent to specific legumes to be identified. Results showed that soybean, chickpea and lentil had distinct volatile and fatty acid profiles, with discriminating volatiles including lactone, ester and ketone, respectively. While all three Phaseolus cultivars shared similar volatile profiles, 3-methyl-1-butanol was found to be the only volatile differentiating them against the other eight legumes. Overall, this is the first time a multivariate data analysis has been used to characterise the volatile and fatty acid profiles across different legume seeds, while also identifying discriminating compounds specific for certain legume species. Such information can contribute to the creation of legume-based ingredients with specific volatile characteristics while reducing undesirable odours, or potentially inform relevant breeding programs.
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KERR, RACHEL BEZNER, SIEGLINDE SNAPP, MARKO CHIRWA (deceased), LIZZIE SHUMBA, and RODGERS MSACHI. "PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH ON LEGUME DIVERSIFICATION WITH MALAWIAN SMALLHOLDER FARMERS FOR IMPROVED HUMAN NUTRITION AND SOIL FERTILITY." Experimental Agriculture 43, no. 4 (October 2007): 437–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479707005339.
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Legume species are uniquely suited to enhance soil productivity and provide nutrient-enriched grains and vegetables for limited-resource farmers. Yet substantial barriers to diversification with legumes exist, such as moderate yield potential and establishment costs, indicating the need for long-term engagement and farmer-centered research and extension. This review and in-depth analysis of a Malawian case study illustrates that farmer experimentation and adoption of legumes can be fostered among even the most resource-poor smallholders. Multi-educational activities and participatory research involving farmer research teams was carried out with 80 communities. Over five years more than 3000 farmers tested legumes and gained knowledge of legume contributions to child nutrition and soil productivity. The average area of expansion of legume systems was 862 m2 in 2005; 772 m2 for women and 956 m2 for men indicating a gender dimension to legume adoption. Farmers chose edible legume intercrops such as pigeonpea and groundnut over the mucuna green manure system, particularly women farmers. Interestingly, expansion in area of doubled-up edible legumes (854 m2 in 2005) was practiced by more farmers, but was a smaller area than that of mucuna green manure system (1429 m2). An information gap was discovered around the biological consequences of legume residue management. Education on the soil benefits of improved residue management and participatory methods of knowledge sharing were associated with enhanced labour investment; 72 % of farmers reported burying legume residues in 2005 compared to 15 % in 2000. Households reported feeding significantly more edible legumes to their children compared with control households. Participatory research that incorporated nutritional education fostered discussions within households and communities, the foundation for sustained adoption of legume-diversified systems.
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Weggler, Karin, and Martin Elsäßer. "The Influence of Nitrogen Applications and Low Rainfall Conditions on Yield of Mixed Grass-Legume Grassland for 2 Years." Nitrogen 4, no. 2 (April 28, 2023): 194–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nitrogen4020013.
Full textAbstract:
Mixed-species grassland containing legumes were suggested to increase yield compared to monocultures. Furthermore, some legumes were suggested to be able to sustain growth, even under drought conditions. The first aim of the current study was to measure if multispecies grassland with legumes is also more productive when their N input due to symbiotic N2 fixation is taken into account. Our second aim was to determine the benefit of grass–legume mixtures in terms of dry matter production under naturally occurring drought conditions. Mixed-species grasslands, consisting of monocultures and variable mixtures of (a) Trifolium pratense, (b) Trifolium. repens, (c) Lolium perenne, and (d) a mixture of drought-tolerant grasses (GSWT based), were assessed for their dry matter production over two years with contrasting weather patterns. The legume–grass seeding mixtures received either a fixed (180 kg N ha−1) or adapted N-fertilizer application (0–180 kg N ha−1), with the latter taking the assumed symbiotic N2 fixation by legumes into account. Mixed-species grassland showed improved yield compared to monocultures both in comparably humid and drought-affected years. The benefits of multispecies grass–legume mixtures were considerably more obvious under a fixed but still measurable under an adapted N-fertilizer regime. The species diversity effect appears to be significantly dependent on the additional N supply enabled by legumes’ symbiotic N2-fixation. Legumes and drought-tolerant grasses yielded equally well under drought conditions, although legumes showed major advantages during moderate drought and humid conditions. White and red clover, although both legumes, differed significantly in their persistence under elevated-N and their dry matter production under low-N fertilizer application, but were equal in their tolerance towards drought.
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Castro Montoya, Joaquín Miguel, and Benito Albarrán-Portillo. "DIGESTIBILITY OF ADDITIONAL CRUDE PROTEIN FROM TROPICAL LEGUMES IN MIXED GRASS-LEGUME RATIONS FOR RUMINANTS." Chilean journal of agricultural & animal sciences 39, no. 1 (2023): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.29393/chjaa39-6dajb20006.
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The digestibility of crude protein (CP) from tropical legumes in grass-legume mixed diets was studied based on literature data by regressing the digestible CP (digCP) on the proportion of CP from legumes in the diet. In vivo studies reporting on CP concentration and in vivo CP digestibility values of ruminants fed diets with tropical legumes and grasses with no other feed, were selected for the analysis (56 publications, 213 dietary treatments (150 legume forages, 63 grasses)). First, observations were classified into categories based on the CP concentration of the control grass using the first and the third quartile of the grass CP concentration (LOW, MEDIUM, and HIGH grass quality). Second, legumes were divided based on their growth habit: herbs, shrubs, and trees. Based on the slopes and coefficients of the regressions of the digCP supply on the proportion of CP from legumes, CP digestibility of legumes was higher than that of LOW quality grasses, but lower than that of MEDIUM and HIGH quality grasses. Furthermore, the digestibility of the additional CP from legumes was higher when combined with MEDIUM quality grasses (0.493) compared with those of LOW quality (0.432), while it decreased when combined with HIGH quality grasses (0.305). No differences appeared in the digestibility of additional CP from legumes depending on their growth habit (range 0.415 to 0.421). These results can help optimize the assimilation of CP supplemented by tropical legumes.
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Neda, Erana Kebede. "Grain Legumes Production in Ethiopia: A Review of Adoption, Opportunities, Constraints and Emphases for Future Interventions." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 8, no. 4 (April 27, 2020): 977–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v8i4.977-989.3254.
Full textAbstract:
Accelerating agricultural growth remains one of the most urgent goal of Ethiopia as the agricultural sector is the backbone of the Ethiopian economy. The adoption of new agricultural technologies and improved practices are particularly important in increasing agricultural production. This comprises strengthening legumes adoption and production as it contributes to better food security and more sustainable farming systems. Grain legumes are necessary elements of crop production in Ethiopia. The adoption and use of legume crops have been advocated for enhanced nutrition and preserving soil resources. Different improved varieties and legume production technologies have been made available to farmers through various sectors and projects in the country. Various policy measures and initiatives have also been made in improving the adoption, technology generation and contribution of legumes to the various system. Despite their contribution and considerable initiatives, over-all level of adoption and use of legume production is still low. A wide array of technical, economic, social, and institutional factors has been found to encounter the adoption, use and production of legumes along with their value-chain. However, there are still various opportunities that different grain legumes are to be adopted and promoted to increase production and productivity. Essential interventions, innovative approaches, increased production packages and improved technologies and market access should be emphasized and integrated to strengthen grain legumes adoption and production.
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Sinclair, Thomas R., and Vincent Vadez. "The future of grain legumes in cropping systems." Crop and Pasture Science 63, no. 6 (2012): 501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp12128.
Full textAbstract:
Grain legume production is increasing worldwide due to their use directly as human food, feed for animals, and industrial demands. Further, grain legumes have the ability to enhance the levels of nitrogen and phosphorus in cropping systems. Considering the increasing needs for human consumption of plant products and the economic constraints of applying fertiliser on cereal crops, we envision a greater role for grain legumes in cropping systems, especially in regions where accessibility and affordability of fertiliser is an issue. However, for several reasons the role of grain legumes in cropping systems has often received less emphasis than cereals. In this review, we discuss four major issues in increasing grain legume productivity and their role in overall crop production: (i) increased symbiotic nitrogen fixation capacity, (ii) increased phosphorus recovery from the soil, (iii) overcoming grain legume yield limitations, and (iv) cropping systems to take advantage of the multi-dimensional benefits of grain legumes.
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Bravo, L. "Effect of processing on the non-starch polysaccharides and in vitro starch digestibility of legumes / Efecto del procesado en el contenido de polisacáridos no amiláceos y la digestibilidad in vitro del almidón de legumbres." Food Science and Technology International 5, no. 5 (October 1999): 415–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/108201329900500507.
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Dietary fiber content (as non-starch polysaccharides, NSP) and in vitro starch digestibility of legumes (beans, lentils, chickpeas and peas) present in the Spanish diet were determined. Raw, boiled and industrially processed legumes were analyzed, as well as legume dishes prepared according to tradi tional recipes or commercial canned meals. A reduction of total NSP was observed in cooked prepa rations probably due to the presence of other food ingredients. Soluble NSP increased in industrially processed legumes at the expense of the insoluble fraction. Significant amounts of resistant starch (RS) were detected in processed legumes. Industrial processing seemed to result in an increased in vitro starch digestibility with a higher starch digestion rate index (SDRI) in comparison with domes tic processing. Rapidly available glucose (RAG) in processed legumes, as a predictor of their poten tial glycemic response, showed differences depending on the type of legume and treatment. Gener ally pulses consumed as home-made meals had lower RAG values.
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Amoah, Isaac, Angela Ascione, Fares M. S. Muthanna, Alessandra Feraco, Elisabetta Camajani, Stefania Gorini, Andrea Armani, Massimiliano Caprio, and Mauro Lombardo. "Sustainable Strategies for Increasing Legume Consumption: Culinary and Educational Approaches." Foods 12, no. 11 (June 4, 2023): 2265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12112265.
Full textAbstract:
Legumes are nutrient-dense crops with health-promoting benefits. However, several barriers are associated with their consumption. Emerging issues including food neophobic tendencies or taboos, unclear dietary guidelines on legume consumption, health concerns, and socio-economic reasons, as well as long cooking procedures, adversely affect legume consumption frequency. Pre-treatment methods, including soaking, sprouting, and pulse electric field technology, are effective in reducing the alpha-oligosaccharides and other anti-nutritional factors, eventually lowering cooking time for legumes. Extrusion technology used for innovative development of legume-enriched products, including snacks, breakfast cereals and puffs, baking and pasta, represents a strategic way to promote legume consumption. Culinary skills such as legume salads, legume sprouts, stews, soups, hummus, and the development of homemade cake recipes using legume flour could represent effective ways to promote legume consumption. This review aims to highlight the nutritional and health effects associated with legume consumption, and strategies to improve their digestibility and nutritional profile. Additionally, proper educational and culinary approaches aimed to improve legumes intake are discussed.
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Evans, J., G. Scott, D. Lemerle, A. Kaiser, B. Orchard, G. M. Murray, and E. L. Armstrong. "Impact of legume 'break' crops on the residual amount and distribution of soil mineral nitrogen." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 54, no. 8 (2003): 763. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar02149.
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Important factors in the successful uptake of grain legumes by cereal growers have been their capacity to increase soil N and control cereal disease, as these have underpinned high yields in following wheat crops. However, alternative 1-year legume crops are required to introduce additional biodiversity and management flexibility for cereal growers. The effects on soil mineral N and potential contribution to soil total N of other legume enterprises were studied. These included vetch (Vicia bengalhensis) or clovers (mix of Trifolium alexandrinum, T.�versiculosum, T. resupinatum) managed for green manure; pea (Pisum sativum), vetch, or clovers managed for silage; and clovers managed for hay. These were compared with pea and lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) managed for grain production. Wheat was also included as a control. The legumes were grown in acidic Red Kandasol soil at Wagga Wagga in southern New South Wales, in 1996, 1997, and 1998. Mineral N was measured in the autumn or winter of seasons 1997 and 1998 respectively. Amounts of stubble residue N were measured in all seasons. The green manure crops, particularly vetch, produced more mineral N than both grain legumes. The forage conservation crops (silage or hay) produced similar amounts of mineral N to grain pea and more than grain lupin. For the grain and green manure legume crops, variation in amounts of mineral N was explained by the total N content of legume stubble residue, but for the forage conservation crops, more mineral N was measured than was predictable from stubble N. The amounts of mineral N at different soil depths differed between legume treatments and experiments (sites and years). Based only on above-ground plant N, the green manure crops contributed more to increasing total soil N than grain legumes; in turn, the grain legumes contributed more than the forage conservation crops. It was concluded that alternative annual legume enterprises to grain legumes may provide at least similar enrichment of soil mineral N early in the following season, and that all annual legume enterprises may accumulate nitrate deep in the soil profile in some seasons.
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Chua, Gilbert T., and Edmond S. Chan. "A practical focus on legume oral immunotherapy." Journal of Food Allergy 4, no. 2 (July 1, 2022): 144–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2500/jfa.2022.4.220006.
Full textAbstract:
Legumes other than peanut are an important source of protein and consist of a wide variety of species, such as soy, peas, chickpeas, lentils, and lupin. Due to their health benefits and the rising popularity of veganism, legume consumption has increased. Legume allergy, cross-sensitization, and cross-reactivity between different species have been reported in the literature and are increasingly recognized. Unlike peanut, oral immunotherapy (OIT) for nonpeanut legumes has not been well studied and published protocols are lacking. Future studies are needed to provide real-world data on the safety and effectiveness of nonpeanut legume OIT, and whether desensitization to one legume leads to desensitization to other legumes in patients with multiple legume allergy. Nevertheless, due to the abundance of clinical trial and real-world data for peanut OIT, it is reasonable to use protocols that substitute peanut protein with other legume protein when desensitizing individuals with nonpeanut legume allergy. Clinicians who are starting to offer legume OIT in their practices may consider starting with preschoolers, an age group for whom real-world data has shown the greatest safety and effectiveness.
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Jha, Uday C., Kamal Dev Sharma, Harsh Nayyar, Swarup K. Parida, and Kadambot H. M. Siddique. "Breeding and Genomics Interventions for Developing Ascochyta Blight Resistant Grain Legumes." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 4 (February 17, 2022): 2217. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23042217.
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Grain legumes are a key food source for ensuring global food security and sustaining agriculture. However, grain legume production is challenged by growing disease incidence due to global climate change. Ascochyta blight (AB) is a major disease, causing substantial yield losses in grain legumes worldwide. Harnessing the untapped reserve of global grain legume germplasm, landraces, and crop wild relatives (CWRs) could help minimize yield losses caused by AB infection in grain legumes. Several genetic determinants controlling AB resistance in various grain legumes have been identified following classical genetic and conventional breeding approaches. However, the advent of molecular markers, biparental quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping, genome-wide association studies, genomic resources developed from various genome sequence assemblies, and whole-genome resequencing of global germplasm has revealed AB-resistant gene(s)/QTL/genomic regions/haplotypes on various linkage groups. These genomics resources allow plant breeders to embrace genomics-assisted selection for developing/transferring AB-resistant genomic regions to elite cultivars with great precision. Likewise, advances in functional genomics, especially transcriptomics and proteomics, have assisted in discovering possible candidate gene(s) and proteins and the underlying molecular mechanisms of AB resistance in various grain legumes. We discuss how emerging cutting-edge next-generation breeding tools, such as rapid generation advancement, field-based high-throughput phenotyping tools, genomic selection, and CRISPR/Cas9, could be used for fast-tracking AB-resistant grain legumes to meet the increasing demand for grain legume-based protein diets and thus ensuring global food security.
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Jones, M. J., and M. Singh. "Yields of crop dry matter and nitrogen in long-term barley rotation trials at two sites in northern Syria." Journal of Agricultural Science 124, no. 3 (June 1995): 389–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600073354.
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SUMMARYTrials were established at two sites in 1982 to compare six 2-course rotations, in which barley alternated with feed legumes (pure or mixed with barley), fallow or barley, in partial factorial combination with different N and P fertilizer regimes. This paper summarizes data from the second to the seventh cropping seasons.Barley yielded most after fallow and more after legumes than after barley; but, on the basis of total dry matter production over both courses, barley-legume rotations outyielded barley-fallow and barley-barley rotations. In terms of net nitrogen offtake, which may be taken as a rough measure of feed value, barley-legumes surpassed the other rotations by c. 100% at both sites, whether the comparison was made on values obtained from plots with or without added fertilizer. Of the legumes, Lathyrus sativus was slightly more productive than Vicia saliva, and this carried over into the rotational yield of both dry matter and nitrogen. Rotations involving pure legumes were slightly more productive than those involving legume/barley mixtures.Yields of all crops and rotations varied greatly from year to year depending on rainfall. Those of the barley-fallow rotation were much less variable than those of the barley-barley rotation at the wetter site (323±103 mm), with the barley-legume rotation intermediate; but variability was much greater at the drier site (250±79 mm), with much less difference between rotations. Nevertheless, fertilizer use and rotations including legumes gave a significant yield advantage under the driest conditions.
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COWELL, L. E., E. BREMER, and C. VAN KESSEL. "YIELD AND N2 FIXATION OF PEA AND LENTIL AS AFFECTED BY INTERCROPPING AND N APPLICATION." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 69, no. 2 (May 1, 1989): 243–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss89-025.
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Farmers in Saskatchewan have recently begun intercropping pea with nonlegumes in order to reduce lodging of the pea crop and thus improve harvesting operations. The response of pea and lentil to intercropping and N application was determined at five locations throughout Saskatchewan in 1987. At each site one of the following combinations was tested: lentil and flax, pea and rape, pea and yellow mustard or pea and oats. All treatments received 10, 30 or 50 kg N ha−1 as urea. Nitrogen-15 microplots were included to measure N2-fixation and percent fertilizer use efficiency (% FUE). Intercropping reduced lodging and improved harvesting conditions of pea and lentil. An increase in the land equivalent ratio (LER) due to intercropping was observed at two sites where growing conditions were poorer than at the other three sites. At the other sites intercropping systems had a similar or intermediate % FUE to that of the monocropped legume and non-legume. Percent N derived from N2-fixation (% Ndfa) ranged from 4.6 to 87.6, depending on site, level of N application and cropping system. Intercropped legumes had a significantly higher % Ndfa than monocropped legumes at two sites. Nitrogen fertilization reduced the % Ndfa of monocropped legumes at two sites but never affected the % Ndfa of intercropped legumes. Total N2 fixed was almost always less in intercropped than in monocropped systems, although only significantly at two sites. No significant lower values for atom % 15N of intercropped non-legumes as compared with monocropped non-legumes were observed, indicating that transfer of N from the legume to the non-legume was minimal. Key words: Intercropping, monocropping, flax, lentil, rape, pea, yellow mustard, oat
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Mecha, Elsa, Mara Lisa Alves, Andreia Bento da Silva, Ana Bárbara Pereira, Diego Rubiales, Maria Carlota Vaz Patto, and Maria Rosário Bronze. "High Inter- and Intra- Diversity of Amino Acid Content and Protein Digestibility Disclosed in Five Cool Season Legume Species with a Growing Market Demand." Foods 12, no. 7 (March 24, 2023): 1383. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12071383.
Full textAbstract:
Legumes have been sought as alternative protein sources to ensure food security and environmental sustainability. Characterizing their protein content and quality, including in underutilized grain legumes, e.g., grass pea, gives value to the legumes’ underexplored variability. To fill the gap of knowledge in legumes’ protein quality, for the first time, five extensive collections of cool season grain legumes were cropped under the same environmental conditions and further analyzed. Multivariate analysis showed the existent intra- and inter-species variability. The legume species with the highest protein content, grass pea, Lathyrus sativus (LS), was not the one with the overall highest individual amino acids content and in vitro protein digestibility. With these last characteristics lentil, Lens culinaris (LC), was highlighted. The highest average values of arginine (Arg), glutamic acid (Glu), and threonine (Thr) were found in LS and Vicia faba (VF). Cicer arietinum (CA) stood out as the species with the highest values of Thr and methionine (Met). Regarding the in vitro protein digestibility (IVPD), LC, followed by Pisum sativum (PS) and LS, were the legume species with the highest values. Ultimately, this study bought to the fore legume species that are not commonly used in western diets but have high adaptability to the European agricultural systems.
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Ma, Lei, Shaoying Ma, Guiping Chen, Xu Lu, Qiang Chai, and Sheng Li. "Mechanisms and Mitigation Strategies for the Occurrence of Continuous Cropping Obstacles of Legumes in China." Agronomy 14, no. 1 (December 31, 2023): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14010104.
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Legumes have important nutritional and economic values, but their production faces continuous cropping obstacles that seriously affect their yield formation. In order to reduce the negative impact of the continuous cropping obstacles of legumes, it is necessary to understand the response mechanisms of legumes to continuous cropping, the causes of continuous cropping obstacles and the measures to alleviate continuous cropping obstacles. This review aimed to identify the current knowledge gap in the field of continuous cropping obstacles of legumes and provide direction and focus for future research. The continuous cropping obstacles of legumes start with soil degradation, leading to oxidative stress in the plants. This triggers the expression of plant-hormone- and signal-molecule-related genes, activating the defense system and causing continuous cropping obstacles. Although there has been progress in researching these challenges in legume crops, many questions remain. We believe that the exploration of molecular mechanisms of legume crops responding to continuous cropping, rhizosphere signal exchange and soil environment repair mechanisms after long-term continuous cropping of soybean, and the excavation of candidate genes and functional loci related to continuous cropping obstacles in legume crops are breakthroughs for proposing effective continuous cropping obstacle management strategies in the future.
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Caballero, Francisco Félix, Juan Manuel Ballesteros, Esther García-Esquinas, Ellen A. Struijk, Rosario Ortolá, Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo, and Esther Lopez-Garcia. "Are legume-based recipes an appropriate source of nutrients for healthy ageing? A prospective cohort study." British Journal of Nutrition 124, no. 9 (June 1, 2020): 943–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114520001907.
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AbstractAlthough legumes are rich in protein and fibre, and low in saturated fat and Na, traditional legume-based recipes include substantial amounts of processed meat, salt and potatoes, which could counteract the potential benefits of legumes. This prospective study aimed to assess the longitudinal association of consumption of different types of legumes, and traditional legume-based recipes, with unhealthy ageing in older adults. Data were taken from 2505 individuals aged ≥60 years from the Seniors-ENRICA cohort. Habitual legume consumption was assessed in 2008–2010 with a validated diet history. Unhealthy ageing was measured in the 2013, 2015 and 2017 follow-up waves, with a fifty-two-item multidimensional health deficit accumulation index (DAI) which ranges from 0 (best) to 100 (worst health). The mean age was 68·7 years, with 53·1 % of women. Among study participants, 78·4 % reported consumption of legumes, with a mean intake of 57·9 g/d. Multivariable-adjusted linear regression models did not show an association between total legume consumption and the DAI over a 7-year follow-up (non-standardised coefficient for the second and highest v. the lowest tertile of consumption: 0·94 (95 % CI −0·30, 2·17) and 0·18 (95 % CI −1·07, 1·43), respectively; Ptrend = 0·35). Similar results were observed for the 3-year and 5-year follow-ups and, separately, for lentils, beans, chickpeas and traditional legume-based recipes. According to the results obtained, consumption of legumes and traditional legume-based recipes is not associated with unhealthy ageing and can be part of a healthy diet in old age.
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Pelzer, E., C. Bourlet, G. Carlsson, R. J. Lopez-Bellido, E. S. Jensen, and M. H. Jeuffroy. "Design, assessment and feasibility of legume-based cropping systems in three European regions." Crop and Pasture Science 68, no. 11 (2017): 902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp17064.
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Grain legumes in cropping systems result in agronomic and environmental benefits. Nevertheless, their areas in Europe have strongly decreased over the past decades. Our aim was to design locally adapted innovative cropping systems including grain legumes for three European local pedoclimatic contexts, to assess their sustainability, and to discuss their feasibility with stakeholders. The methodology included an initial diagnosis of the most frequent cropping systems and local improvement targets in each local context (e.g. improve legume profitability, limit diseases of legumes, reduce intensive use of chemical inputs in cropping systems), the design of innovative legume-based cropping systems during a common workshop, focusing on three aims ((i) decrease pesticide use, (ii) reduce mineral N fertiliser dependency, and (iii) increase yield stability of grain legume crops and other crops of the crop sequence), and their multicriteria sustainability assessment. Stakeholders meetings were organised in each local context to discuss the feasibility of implementing the innovative cropping systems in farmers’ fields (technical implementation of cropping systems and possibility of development of legume sectors). Four to five cropping systems were designed in each local context, with crop sequences longer than references. They included at least two grain legumes (pea, faba bean, chickpea, lentil or lupine), as sole crops or intercropped with cereals. Overall sustainability was similar or improved in 71% of the legume-based cropping systems compared with their corresponding references. Among the designed cropping systems, stakeholders identified feasible ones considering both technical issues and development of legume sectors. The results indicate that reintegrating more grain legumes in the three European local contexts tested will contribute to more sustainable farming systems.
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Arlauskienė, Aušra, Viktorija Gecaitė, Monika Toleikienė, Lina Šarūnaitė, and Žydrė Kadžiulienė. "Soil Nitrate Nitrogen Content and Grain Yields of Organically Grown Cereals as Affected by a Strip Tillage and Forage Legume Intercropping." Plants 10, no. 7 (July 15, 2021): 1453. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10071453.
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Reducing tillage intensity and increasing crop diversity by including perennial legumes is an agrotechnical practice that strongly affects the soil environment. Strip tillage may be beneficial in the forage legume–cereals intercropping system due to more efficient utilization of biological nitrogen. Field experiments were conducted on a clay loam Cambisol to determine the effect of forage legume–winter wheat strip tillage intercropping on soil nitrate nitrogen (N-NO3) content and cereal productivity in various sequences of rotation in organic production systems. Forage legumes (Medicago lupulina L., Trifolium repens L., T. alexandrinum L.) grown in pure and forage legume–winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) strip tillage intercrops were studied. Conventional deep inversion tillage was compared to strip tillage. Nitrogen supply to winter wheat was assessed by the change in soil nitrate nitrogen content (N-NO3) and total N accumulation in yield (grain and straw). Conventional tillage was found to significantly increase N-NO3 content while cultivating winter wheat after forage legumes in late autumn (0–30 cm layer), after growth resumption in spring (30–60 cm), and in autumn after harvesting (30–60 cm). Soil N-NO3 content did not differ significantly between winter wheat strip sown in perennial legumes or oat stubble. Winter wheat grain yields increased with increasing N-NO3 content in soil. The grain yield was not significantly different when comparing winter wheat–forage legume strip intercropping (without mulching) to strip sowing in oat stubble. In forage legume–winter wheat strip intercropping, N release from legumes was weak and did not meet wheat nitrogen requirements.
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Rajendra Darai, Ram Krishna Neupane, Ashutosh Sarker, Krishna Hari Dhakal, and Shiv Kumar Agrawal. "Diversity, conservation and utilization of grain legumes: A potential source for food and nutritional security in Nepal." Journal of Food Legumes 36, no. 4 (April 1, 2024): 229–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.59797/jfl.v36.i4.158.
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Grain legumes are precious crops of Nepal in terms of the dietary protein supplement ample concentration of micronutrients, and role in crop intensification and ameliorating soil fertility. About 11% of the cultivated area is occupied by grain legumes that include lentil, chickpea, grasspea, fieldpea, fababean, pigeonpea, soybean, blackgram, horsegram, ricebean, cowpea, and mungbean. About 100 genera and 379 species of legumes are distributed in diverse agroecological zones ranging from terai to the alpine region of Nepal, with growth habits ranging from annual to perennial shrubs. Out of the 379 species of legumes which include grain, vegetable, and forage legumes, 262 are native, and 20 species belonging to the sub-group Papilionacae are used as food legumes. Highest food legume species diversity has been recorded in Macrotyloma (34 spp.), followed by Crotalaria (18 spp.), Vigna (15 spp.), Lathyrus (7 spp.), Vicia (6 spp.), Cajanus (5 spp.), Trigonella (5 spp.) and Phaseolus (4 spp.). Other genus having 1-3 species includes Cicer (3 spp.), Mukuna (3 spp.), Glycine (2 spp.), Canavila (2 spp.), Pisum (2 spp.), Lablab (2 spp.), Pachyrrhizus (1 sp.), Psophocarpus (1 sp.), Lens (1 sp.) and Cyamopsis (1 sp.). Research on grain legumes was initiated in 1976 and a systematic collection of grain legume landraces was done in 1987 by the Grain Legumes Research Program (GLRP). Past collection missions organized in collaboration with the International Development Research Centre (IDRC), the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), and other institutes have resulted in the collection of 1107 landraces and provided an opportunity for their inclusion in the variety improvement program. National Agricultural Genetic Resources Center (NAGRC) has conserved 2936 landraces of different legumes, 951 landraces have been kept in gene banks of ICARDA center, while GLRP Khajura has active collections of 218 landraces and 627 exotic germplasm of various legume crops. Varietal improvement programs resulted in the development of 51 varieties, while 6 varietes were registered and two varieties were de-notified in food legumes (lentil, chickpea, soybean, cowpea, black gram, mungbean, pigeon pea, rice bean, faba bean, grass pea, and kidney bean).
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Jha, Uday C., Harsh Nayyar, Swarup K. Parida, Rupesh Deshmukh, Eric J. B. von Wettberg, and Kadambot H. M. Siddique. "Ensuring Global Food Security by Improving Protein Content in Major Grain Legumes Using Breeding and ‘Omics’ Tools." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 14 (July 12, 2022): 7710. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23147710.
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Grain legumes are a rich source of dietary protein for millions of people globally and thus a key driver for securing global food security. Legume plant-based ‘dietary protein’ biofortification is an economic strategy for alleviating the menace of rising malnutrition-related problems and hidden hunger. Malnutrition from protein deficiency is predominant in human populations with an insufficient daily intake of animal protein/dietary protein due to economic limitations, especially in developing countries. Therefore, enhancing grain legume protein content will help eradicate protein-related malnutrition problems in low-income and underprivileged countries. Here, we review the exploitable genetic variability for grain protein content in various major grain legumes for improving the protein content of high-yielding, low-protein genotypes. We highlight classical genetics-based inheritance of protein content in various legumes and discuss advances in molecular marker technology that have enabled us to underpin various quantitative trait loci controlling seed protein content (SPC) in biparental-based mapping populations and genome-wide association studies. We also review the progress of functional genomics in deciphering the underlying candidate gene(s) controlling SPC in various grain legumes and the role of proteomics and metabolomics in shedding light on the accumulation of various novel proteins and metabolites in high-protein legume genotypes. Lastly, we detail the scope of genomic selection, high-throughput phenotyping, emerging genome editing tools, and speed breeding protocols for enhancing SPC in grain legumes to achieve legume-based dietary protein security and thus reduce the global hunger risk.
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Rice, Natasha R., and Michael W. Smith. "EVALUATION OF LOW-INPUT PECAN ORCHARD FLOOR MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS." HortScience 27, no. 6 (June 1992): 638c—638. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.6.638c.
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Legume ground covers in pecan orchards can reduce nitrogen inputs and increase beneficial insects. Preliminary data indicate that certain legumes can supply over 100 kg·ha-1 N. Additionally, certain legumes have high aphid populations which attract beneficial insects. When aphid populations on the legumes crash, beneficial insects seek alternative food sources in the pecan trees, thus reducing the necessity for pesticide applications. Preliminary studies suggest that a mixture of 'Dixie' crimson clover and hairy vetch produces high populations of beneficial insects and over 100 kg·ha-1 N. Treatments were established at four pecan orchard sites in Oklahoma, each with 5 ha of a crimson clover/vetch mixture and 5 ha of native grass sod. Additions of 0-200 kg·ha-1 N were added to the sod plots but no supplemental N was added to the legume plots. Nitrogen and biomass production by the legumes, and leaf N concentration of pecans were determined. In addition, both aphid and beneficial insect populations were monitored in the legume and grass treatments, and in the pecan trees. Results will be discussed in the presentation.
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Nadeem, Muhammad, Jiajia Li, Muhammad Yahya, Minghua Wang, Asif Ali, Andong Cheng, Xiaobo Wang, and Chuanxi Ma. "Grain Legumes and Fear of Salt Stress: Focus on Mechanisms and Management Strategies." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 4 (February 13, 2019): 799. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20040799.
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Salinity is an ever-present major constraint and a major threat to legume crops, particularly in areas with irrigated agriculture. Legumes demonstrate high sensitivity, especially during vegetative and reproductive phases. This review gives an overview of legumes sensitivity to salt stress (SS) and mechanisms to cope with salinity stress under unfavorable conditions. It also focuses on the promising management approaches, i.e., agronomic practices, breeding approaches, and genome editing techniques to improve performance of legumes under SS. Now, the onus is on researchers to comprehend the plants physiological and molecular mechanisms, in addition to various responses as part of their stress tolerance strategy. Due to their ability to fix biological nitrogen, high protein contents, dietary fiber, and essential mineral contents, legumes have become a fascinating group of plants. There is an immense need to develop SS tolerant legume varieties to meet growing demand of protein worldwide. This review covering crucial areas ranging from effects, mechanisms, and management strategies, may elucidate further the ways to develop SS-tolerant varieties and to produce legume crops in unfavorable environments.
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Mahmud, Kishan, Shiva Makaju, Razi Ibrahim, and Ali Missaoui. "Current Progress in Nitrogen Fixing Plants and Microbiome Research." Plants 9, no. 1 (January 13, 2020): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9010097.
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In agroecosystems, nitrogen is one of the major nutrients limiting plant growth. To meet the increased nitrogen demand in agriculture, synthetic fertilizers have been used extensively in the latter part of the twentieth century, which have led to environmental challenges such as nitrate pollution. Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) in plants is an essential mechanism for sustainable agricultural production and healthy ecosystem functioning. BNF by legumes and associative, endosymbiotic, and endophytic nitrogen fixation in non-legumes play major roles in reducing the use of synthetic nitrogen fertilizer in agriculture, increased plant nutrient content, and soil health reclamation. This review discusses the process of nitrogen-fixation in plants, nodule formation, the genes involved in plant-rhizobia interaction, and nitrogen-fixing legume and non-legume plants. This review also elaborates on current research efforts involved in transferring nitrogen-fixing mechanisms from legumes to non-legumes, especially to economically important crops such as rice, maize, and wheat at the molecular level and relevant other techniques involving the manipulation of soil microbiome for plant benefits in the non-legume root environment.
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Zorin, E. A., and V. A. Zhukov. "Symbiotic genes of legumes detected by transcriptomic analysis." Biomics 14, no. 3 (2022): 285–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.31301/2221-6197.bmcs.2022-26.
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Legumes form symbioses with nodule bacteria (NB) and arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi(AM). The formation of symbioses increases the resistance of plants to stress and contributes to obtaining a stable harvest even in conditions of global climate change. The study of the molecular basis of symbioses formed by legumes is necessary to increase the effectiveness of these symbioses when they are used in modern agriculture. Previously, individual regulatory genes (so-called Sym genes) controlling some stages of symbiosis development were studied for model legumes using mutation analysis. Currently, high throughput sequencing technologies allow us to study a complete set of genes encoding the "molecular symbiosis machine" and necessary for ensuring the metabolic integration of symbionts. Among them, there are genes encoding nodulins (from the “nodule”), proteins specific for legume-rhizobial symbiosis (LRS), and mycorrhizins specific for arbuscular-mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis. The products of genes whose expression is induced during the development of both LRS and AMS are called symbiosins. The genes encoding symbiosins, nodulins and mycorrhizins have been studied on the model legumes Medicago truncatula Gaertn., Lotus japonicus (Regel.) K. Larsen and Glycine max (L.) Merr., while the symbiosis-specific genes of non-model legumes, as well as the features of their expression, have not been sufficiently studied to date. The use of transcriptomics approaches (i.e., the study of the entire set of expressed genes, the so-called transcriptome) makes it possible to fill this knowledge gap. In this paper, we have summarized the results of research of the expression of the above groups of genes in legumesin recent years.
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Zhang, Yaqian, Maninder Meenu, Hansong Yu, and Baojun Xu. "An Investigation on Phenolic and Antioxidant Capacity of Under-utilized Food Legumes Consumed in China." Foods 9, no. 4 (April 6, 2020): 438. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9040438.
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China is a major producer of various kinds of food legumes. Some of the under-utilized food legumes are consumed by the local society from different areas in China. The antioxidant capacity and phytochemical profile of these under-utilized food legumes haven’t been investigated until now. In this study, colorimetric and high-performance liquid chromatography was employed to explore the antioxidant capacity and phytochemical profile of 21 under-utilized food legumes. Different legumes under investigation exhibit a wide range of variations in their total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoids content (TFC) and condensed tannins content (CTC). Among all the legume samples, the velvet bean from Hechi, Guangxi exhibited the highest antioxidant capacity while the white flat bean from Shangrao, Shanxi presented the least antioxidant capacity. Gallic acid was observed to be a major phenolic acid and its content in the velvet bean was significantly higher compared to the other legume samples explored in this study. The composition of flavonoids was different among all the legumes. Kaempferol was observed to be the most predominant flavonoid. The findings of this study will be beneficial for plant breeders, food scientists and consumers for the better selection of germplasm with a high level of phytochemicals that in turn possess maximum health benefits.
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Vollmann, Johann. "Soybean versus other food grain legumes: A critical appraisal of the United Nations International Year of Pulses 2016." Die Bodenkultur: Journal of Land Management, Food and Environment 71, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/boku-2016-0002.
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SummaryThe United Nations have declared 2016 as the International Year of Pulses, which aims at communicating the various benefits of legume cropping and legume-protein-based food consumption. As the term “pulses” is inherently excluding soybean from other grain legumes, this review aims at challenging the scientific justification of this separation from both historical and crop science perspectives toward a better understanding of grain legumes and their contributions to food security. An analysis of the historical development and uses of the term “pulses” reveals that it is not used unambiguously throughout the recent scientific literature, and that the separation of soybean from other grain legumes occurred rather recently. Soybean, while being extensively used as an oilseed and animal feedstuff in some parts of the world, is an important protein crop species in other regions with a seed protein content of 40% and outstanding nutritional and food health properties as compared to most other grain legumes. Owing to similar agronomic features such as symbiotic nitrogen fixation and comparable seed protein properties, it does not seem scientifically justified to separate soybean from other food legumes. Therefore, focusing on “grain legumes” rather than “pulses” would better support food security and nutritional quality goals.
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Wilson, Robert G. "Effect of Imazethapyr on Legumes and the Effect of Legumes on Weeds." Weed Technology 8, no. 3 (September 1994): 536–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00039646.
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A three-year experiment was conducted near Scottsbluff, NE, to evaluate the selectivity of POST-applied imazethapyr for weed control in alfalfa, birdsfoot trefoil, cicer milkvetch, red clover, sainfoin, and yellow sweetclover. Imazethapyr injured all legumes 15 DAT. Imazethapyr also reduced the height of birdsfoot trefoil, cicer milkvetch, red clover, and yellow sweeclover 28 DAT. Legume first cutting yields were not reduced by imazethapyr and with alfalfa, birdsfoot trefoil, cicer milkvetch, and sainfoin, first cutting yields were increased by imazethapyr. Imazethapyr reduced weed biomass in all legume seedings. Weed biomass in new seedings of alfalfa was reduced more than that of the other legumes.