Dissertations / Theses: 'Legume seed'

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Di, Lollo Antonio B. "Thermal and surface properties of crystalline and non-crystalline legume seed proteins." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59973.

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This work was devoted to the study of (a) the physico-chemical, functional, and structural properties of bean (Phaseolus sp.) protein isolates in relation to their microstructures, and (b) the effects of protein carbohydrate interactions on physico-chemical, functional, and structural properties. The contents of protein, and both total and individual sugars of alkali extracted (amorphous) and citric acid extracted (bipyramidal and spheroidal) proteins from Phaseolus vulgaris (white kidney and navy) and Phaseolus lutanus (baby lima and large lima) beans were determined. The proteins were subjected to differential scanning calorimetry, and measurements of surface tension (air-water interface), surface hydrophobicity, and foam expansion. Structural analysis of the proteins were performed using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Enzymatic and chemical deglycosylation was performed on a white kidney bean protein isolate.
Glucose and mannose were the major sugars found in the isolates. Bipyramidal and spheroidal microstructures with higher protein contents generally had greater mannose content and lower glucose content. Differences in enthalpy of denaturation $( Delta$H), surface tension decay curves, surface hydrophobicities, and foam expansions were observed with isolates of different microstructures. Corresponding differences in molecular structure were not, however, detected by FT-IR spectroscopy. Using statistical analysis, a relationship between foam expansion and the $ Delta$H, solubility, surface hydrophobicity and surface tension of the isolates was obtained. Preliminary results suggest that the removal of carbohydrate influenced the physico-chemical properties of the protein.

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Holland, David. "Glycosylhydrolases and the control of mannose/galactose ratio in legume-seed galactomannan." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322061.

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Atif, Rana Muhammad. "Dissecting the factors controlling seed development in the model legume Medicago truncatula." Thesis, Dijon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012DIJOS117/document.

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Les légumineuses sont une source riche pour l’alimentation humaine comme celle du bétail mais elles sont aussi nécessaires à une agriculture durable. Cependant, les fractions majeures des protéines de réserve dans la graine sont pauvres en acides aminés soufrés et peuvent être accompagné de facteurs antinutritionnels, ce qui affecte leur valeur nutritive. Dans ce cadre, Medicago truncatula est une espèce modèle pour l’étude du développement de la graine des légumineuses, et en particulier concernant la phase d’accumulation des protéines de réserve. Vu la complexité des graines de légumineuses, une connaissance approfondie de leur morphogenèse ainsi que la caractérisation des mécanismes sous-jacents au développement de l’embryon et au remplissage de la graine sont essentielles. Une étude de mutagenèse a permis d’identifier le facteur de transcription DOF1147 (DNA-binding with One Finger) appartenant à la famille Zn-finger, qui s’exprime dans l’albumen pendant la transition entre les phases d’embryogenèse et de remplissage de la graine. Lors de mon travail de thèse, il a été possible de générer plusieurs constructions pour l’analyse de l’expression de DOF1147 ainsi que de la protéine DOF1147. Un protocole efficace pour la transformation génétique stable de M. truncatula a été établi et des études de localisation subcellulaire ont montré que DOF1147 est une protéine nucléaire. Un arbre phylogénétique a révélé différents groupes de facteurs de transcription DOF avec des domaines conservés dans leur séquence protéique. L’analyse du promoteur in silico chez plusieurs gènes-cible potentiels de DOF1147 a identifié les éléments cis-régulateurs de divers facteurs de transcription ainsi que des éléments répondant aux auxines (AuxREs), ce qui suggère un rôle possible de l’auxine pendant le développement de la graine. Une étude in vitro du développement de la graine avec divers régimes hormonaux, a montré l’effet positif de l’auxine sur la cinétique du développement de la graine, que ce soit en terme de gain de masse ou de taille, plus fort avec l’ANA que l’AIB. Grâce à une approche cytomique de ces graines en développement nous avons, en plus, démontré l’effet de l’auxine sur la mise en place de l’endoreduplication. En effet, celle-ci est l’empreinte cytogénétique de la transition entre les phases de division cellulaire et d’accumulation de substances de réserve lors du développement de la graine. Dans son ensemble, ce travail a démontré que l’auxine module la transition entre le cycle mitotique et les endocycles chez les graines en développement de M. truncatula en favorisant la continuité des divisions cellulaires tout en prolongeant simultanément l’endoreduplication
Legumes are not only indispensible for sustainable agriculture but are also a rich source of protein in food and feed for humans and animals, respectively. However, major proteins stored in legume seeds are poor in sulfur-containing amino acids, and may be accompanied by anti-nutritional factors causing low protein digestibility problems. In this regard, Medicago truncatula serves as a model legume to study legume seed development especially the phase of seed storage protein accumulation. As developing legume seeds are complex structures, a thorough knowledge of the morphogenesis of the seed and the characterization of regulatory mechanisms underlying the embryo development and seed filling of legumes is essential. Mutant studies have identified a DOF1147 (DNA-binding with One Finger) transcription factor belonging to the Zn-Finger family which was expressed in the endosperm at the transition period between embryogenesis and seed filling phase. During my PhD work, a number of transgene constructs were successfully generated for expression analysis of DOF1147 gene as well as the DOF1147 protein. A successful transformation protocol was also established for stable genetic transformation of M. truncatula. Subcellular localization studies have demonstrated that DOF1147 is a nuclear protein. A phylogenetic tree revealed different groups of DOF transcription factors with conserved domains in their protein sequence. In silico promoter analysis of putative target genes of DOF1147 identified cis-regulatory elements of various transcription factors along with auxin responsive elements (AuxREs) suggesting a possible role of auxin during seed development. A study of in vitro seed development under different hormone regimes has demonstrated the positive effect of auxin on kinetics of seed development in terms of gain in seed fresh weight and size, with NAA having a stronger effect than IBA. Using the cytomic approach, we further demonstrated the effect of auxin on the onset of endoreduplication in such seeds, which is the cytogenetic imprint of the transition between the cell division phase and the accumulation of storage products phase during seed development. As a whole, this work highlighted that the auxin treatments modulate the transition between mitotic cycles and endocycles in M. truncatula developing seeds by favouring sustained cell divisions while simultaneously prolonging endoreduplication

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Sublett, Jacob D. "Effects of seed coat variation and population on plant-microbial interactions." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1467569697.

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Parolari, A. "LEGUME PROTEINS FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF CHRONIC DISEASES:HYPERLIPIDEMIA AND DIABETES." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/245903.

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Food proteins can be considered as source of bioactive peptides that can exert physiological functions to promote health and prevent chronic diseases, such as lipid disorders diabetes, hypertension cancer and obesity which are typical of industrialized societies. Soybean (Glycine max) and white lupin (Lupinus angustifolium) comprise the most widely grown legume crops in the world. In addition to being an invaluable source of oil and proteins for food and feed, many papers from our group pointed out the positive effect of soybean and white lupin proteins on lipid and glucose metabolism. The aim of the present work has been to evaluate in “in vitro” and “in vivo” experiments the ability of soybean and white lupin polypeptides to interact with the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of plasma and tissue lipids as well as on the glucose homeostasis. Soybean proteins: the α’ subunit of the soybean 7S globulin, the so called β-conglycinin, was shown to play a key role in the up-regulation of liver high affinity-LDL receptors, in “in vivo” and “in vitro” systems suggesting that biologically active peptides, capable of modulating lipid homeostasis, are likely to be produced by cell and gastrointestinal enzymes. Our research group has been following two different approaches to identify the active peptide/s involved in the lipid regulation. The first one has been to reduce the length of the polypeptide chain of α’ by a biotechnological process obtaining an extension form of α’ chain, roughly covering one third of the full-length polypeptide from N-terminus, which has proved active in the LDL-R up-regulation of Hep G2 cells. The second approach has been to make a screening of peptides with amino acid sequences occurring in α’, α and β subunits of soy β-conglycinin, and test their biological effect “in vitro”. These peptides have been evaluated for their effect on the expression of LDL-receptor, SREBP-2 and HMGCoA red mRNAs in HepG2 cells. Moreover, the peptide that proved more promising among the different compounds under study, has been tested in a rat model of human hypercholesterolemia in order to evaluate its potential on lipid homeostasis. gamma-Conglutin, a lupin seed glycoprotein, plays a key role on the glucose metabolism. Since the “in vitro” interaction of gamma -conglutin with mammalian insulin has been described, in the present study the effect of an oral dose of this protein was studied in an animal model of diabetes in order to evaluate its potential in the fine regulation of glucose homeostasis. Moreover in “in vitro” experiments the ability of gamma-conglutin to interact with cell compartment and to interfere in the insulin pathway has been followed in order to ascertain whether the protein was characterized by insulin-like property. Although the data obtained in this study should be confirmed by human studies, the potential of peptides from α’ subunit of soybean as well as that of lupin seed g-conglutin to control plasma lipids and glycaemia could be considered before developing new therapeutic strategies for the prevention or treatment of lipid/ glucose metabolism disorders.

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Rapp, Graeme George. "The value of Indian mustard in cereal and legume crop sequences in northwest NSW." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/18504.

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Mustard is an annual oil seed crop that offers farmers greater flexibility compared to oil producing trees.This study examined the economic benefits of growing mustard in north-western NSW, where production is currently limited. The impact of mustard in crop sequences with wheat and chickpeas; the two most important grain crops in this region, was assessed. Yield and market quality of all three crops was examined and the economic consequences for biodiesel production and the manufacture of other industrial products determined. The Wheat-Chickpea-Wheat sequence increased wheat yield by 12.6% and the Wheat-Chickpea-Chickpea sequence increased chickpea grain protein percentage by 9.9%. The wheat yield in the Wheat-Mustard-Wheat-Wheat sequence was 10% higher than continuous wheat, although this sequence produced 5% lower grain protein. High mustard grain yield and high grain protein concentration were observed in the Wheat-Chickpea-Chickpea-Mustard crop sequence compared to continuous mustard. However, the highest seed oil yield was produced in the continuous mustard sequence. The sequences Wheat-Chickpea-Mustard-Mustard and Wheat-Wheat-Mustard-Mustard produced the highest mustard glucosinolates; an important compound for industrial processes. Mustard used significantly more soil moisture than wheat or chickpea, however the levels of soil sulphur and phosphorous after harvest were much higher after mustard. This was offset by generally lower levels of soil N and soil carbon compared to wheat and chickpea. The Wheat-Chickpea-Chickpea-Mustard sequence used more of the available phosphorous, nitrogen and sulphur than other mustard crop sequences and made better use of the higher residual soil moisture retained in the soil after chickpea. The primary economic and environmental benefit to the grain-grower was enhanced yield of wheat following mustard. This research indicates that mustard production can be successfully expanded in a northern farming crop sequence.

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Oldham, Michelle. "Goatsrue (Galega officinalis) Seed Biology, Control, and Toxicity." DigitalCommons@USU, 2009. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/235.

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Goatsrue is an introduced perennial plant that has proven to have great invasive potential, leading to its classification as a noxious weed in many states and at the federal level. This research focused on seed biology, herbicide control, and toxic dynamics of goatsrue. Physical dormancy of mature goatsrue seed was tested through scarification using sulfuric acid with exposures of up to 60 minutes resulting in 100% germination. Comparison of dormancy for 26-year-old and 6-month-old goatsrue seed indicated aged seeds had reduced dormancy levels compared to newly harvested seeds, but had similar viability. Goatsrue seedling emergence was inversely related to burial depth; emergence was greatest at 0.5 cm soil depth (93%), and no emergence occurred from 12 and 14 cm. Goatsrue seed density ranged from 14,832 seeds m-2 to 74,609 seeds m-2 in the soil seed bank of five goatsrue-infested areas. Viability and dormancy of seeds recovered from the soil seed bank survey ranged from 91 to 100% and 80 to 93%, respectively. Goatsrue was most sensitive to the ALS inhibitor herbicides chlorsulfuron and imazapyr in greenhouse trials. Field studies showed that plots treated with dicamba, chlorsulfuron, metsulfuron, aminopyralid, triclopyr, and picloram provided at least 93% control of goatsrue 12 months after treatment at two field sites and increased perennial grass cover at one site. All treatments at one site decreased seedling goatsrue cover 11 months after treatment. The concentration and pools (dry weight x concentration) of the toxin galegine, found in goatsrue, vary over plant tissues and phenological growth stages. Galegine concentration is significantly different among plant tissues; reproductive tissues have the highest levels of galegine (7 mg/g), followed by leaf (4 mg/g), and then stem (1 mg/g) tissues. Galegine pools or the total amount of galegine per stalk was lowest at the vegetative growth stage and increased until reaching a maximum at the immature pod stage, but decreased nearly in half at the mature seed stage. Average galegine concentration also peaked at the immature pod stage and decreased by half at the mature seed stage. Thus, goatsrue is most toxic in its phenological development at the immature pod stage.

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Dowling, Christopher W. "Seed and Seedling Tolerance of Cereal, Oilseed, Fibre and Legume Crops to Injury from Banded Ammonium Fertilizers." Thesis, Griffith University, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366485.

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Processes causing crop establishment damage from ammonium (NH4+) fertilizer placed in close proximity to seed at sowing are generally poorly understood within farming communities of eastern Australia. Currently, the information used to assess establishment hazard includes nitrogen (N) tolerance for a limited range of crop species. Other factors include the N concentration of fertilizer products, with adjustment of the rate expected to be tolerated on the basis of soil moisture and application equipment. Current recommendations were adapted from North American research spanning a period from the start of the century until the 1990s and some recent Australian research (1960s to 1980s) for a limited range of crops and fertilizer types. The incidence of seedling damage from N fertilizer and fertilizer containing other nutrients appears to have grown in recent years. This may be attributed to use of a wider range of NH4+ and other fertilizers, a trend for at-sowing application in zero-tillage and expansion of areas of declining soil fertility, particularly N fertility. Other factors include the sowing of new crops with greater fertilizer sensitivity, low tolerance to establishment loss for high value genetically modified seed and modern designs of sowing and application equipment. The major objective of this research was to investigate ammonia (NH3) tolerance of 10 crop species of importance for eastern Australian cropping systems (maize, Zea mays L.; cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L.; wheat, Triticum aestivum L.; barley, Hordeum vulgare L.; chickpea, Cicer arietinum L.; sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench; canary, Phalaris canariensis L.; canola, Brassica napus L.; panicum, Setaria italica L. and sunflower, Helianthus annuus L.). Experiments were designed to highlight differences among crops in NH3 toxicity and osmotic damage potential for commonly used NH4+ fertilizers. Various strategies were then tested to maintain plant populations within commercially acceptable ranges when affected by NH3 toxicity and/or high osmotic pressure. Tolerance of seeds to NH3 toxicity was evaluated in the field and for atmospheric exposure. Response of various crop species to atmospheric-NH3 exposure showed that certain species responded differently in their germination, coleoptile growth and radicle growth in a closed system. Using these 3 parameters as indices of crop response to NH3 toxicity revealed different ranking for some species; the same species showed a different critical NH4+ concentration for each parameter. Exposing seeds above 200 x 10-4 M NH4OH for 72 h was sufficient to significantly reduce or inhibit germination of all 10 species tested. Seed of most species were unaffected by exposure above 20 x 10-4 M NH4OH. Species rank, combining tolerance for germination, coleoptile growth and radicle growth was established to relate to likely performance in the field. Decreasing order of tolerance for monocot species was: maize > sorghum > wheat = barley > panicum > canary and for dicot species chickpeas > cotton > sunflowers > canola. A range of physical and chemical seed characteristics was correlated with NH3 tolerance to investigate tolerance mechanisms. For monocot species, tolerance was related to the seed surface area/volume ratio suggesting that diffusion resistance was an important parameter whereas for dicot species N concentration of seed was negatively correlated with tolerance. In field experiments where NH4+-fertilizers were placed with seeds, difference between species in their tolerance of atmospheric-NH3 was insufficient to describe effects of NH4+-fertilizers on crop emergence. Crop species fell into 3 response categories; high (maize, sorghum, barley and wheat), medium (cotton, canary and sunflower) or low (canola, chickpea and panicum) tolerance to soil NH4+-N. Soil NH4+-N concentrations tolerated by the medium and low tolerance group was 50 % and 15 to 25 % respectively, that of the high tolerance group. Generally, NH3 tolerance response for species such as wheat, barley and sorghum was found similar to current recommendations for urea (~0.5 g/m N as urea) but there were significantly different responses to NH4+-N from different NH4+-fertilizer products, that are not recognised in current recommendations. Crop species were ranked for sensitivity to mono-ammonium phosphate (MAP), di-ammonium phosphate (DAP), triple superphosphate (TSP), urea and ammonium nitrate, and categorised according to the fertilizer rate at which significant establishment damage occurred. Ranking of crop species for NH3 toxicity was generally similar across experiments but the NH4+-N rate tolerated varied with experimental conditions. Urea and DAP caused larger reductions in establishment than equivalent NH4+-N rates from MAP or ammonium nitrate. The "safe" rate for ammonium nitrate (1 g/m NH4+-N) was approximately twice that of urea at equivalent NH4+-N rates. Usually between 20 and 30 % more NH4+-N was tolerated for MAP than for DAP. In the absence of NH3 toxicity, osmotic effects of fertilizer products delayed and occasionally inhibited germination. There was significant difference among species in osmotic tolerance; cotton, maize and sorghum (< -0.3 MPa) were more tolerant than sunflower or soybean (> -0.2 MPa). Strategies to improve crop establishment in the presence of NH4+ fertilizer such as increasing seeding rate, adding water to the seed furrow, changing fertilizer N source and chemically modifying hydrolysis of urea were identified and tested. For low to moderate rates of seed placed NH4+-N, increasing barley seeding rate from 25 to 40 kg/ha was found to be successful strategy to maintain establishment when urea rate was increased from 1.1 to 2.3 g/m of seed row. Changing the fertilizer N source and modifying hydrolysis of urea were successful in lowering soil NH4+ around the seed and thus reducing establishment losses, but osmotic effects also limit the maximum fertilizer application rates. The added cost of these strategies may prevent their widespread adoption. Complex interactions between crop species, fertilizer product, soil texture and moisture, and application equipment highlighted by the results of these experiments, suggest that simple decision tools are insufficient to provide fertilizer recommendations that meet the demands of modern agriculture. A computer based decision support programme, Fertsafe, was developed during this study from experiments conducted and papers reviewed, to provide "safe rate" recommendations to apply fertilizer at sowing for a range of crop species, fertilizers, soils and sowing conditions of eastern Australia. Changes to fertilizer application equipment, other crops and fertilizer products will require ongoing research continuously improve and update this decision support tool.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Australian School of Environmental Studies
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Eldredge, Sean D. "Beneficial Fungal Interactions Resulting in Accelerated Germination of Astragalus utahensis, a Hard-Seeded Legume." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2007. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/1231.

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Seed germination is pivotal in the life cycle of native plants in a restorative context because initiation of the metabolic processes critical to establishment is key to survival in such a competitive environment. Dormancy characteristics of some native plants including the subject species, Astragalus utahensis, have evolved mechanisms to control germination in order to maintain a seed bank and ensure germination at the right time under optimal conditions. In vitro germination studies confirm beneficial interactions between Alternaria and Aspergillus fungi and Astragalus utahensis seed. Inoculated seed trials (1.0 x 106 spores/mL) exhibited a highly significant difference in percent germination between the uninoculated control at 5.0 % germination and seeds inoculated with Alternaria and Aspergillus germinating at 95 % and 55 %, respectively. Germination trials conducted in the greenhouse revealed a beneficial relationship between fungal spore inoculation and seed germination. Control seeds germinated in soil at a rate of 16.0 %; three times as high as exhibited in vitro. Seed inoculated with either Alternaria or Aspergillus seeds germinated in soil at the same rate of 50.0 %. A seed germination trial conducted in the field demonstrated a beneficial response with Aspergillus inoculation. Fall plantings on two sites near Fountain Green and Nephi, Utah confirm this beneficial response to Aspergillus spore inoculation. These field trials indicated a highly significant response with the germination of scarified control seed at 14.7 % and the Aspergillus and Alternaria treated seed germinating at 29.3 and 19.3 %, respectively. Greenhouse germination trials with spore-inoculated seed indicated a 100% survival rate. Astragalus utahensis seeds germinated at an accelerated rate when inoculated with Aspergillus and Alternaria spores in-vitro. The beneficial germination response of fungal inoculated seeds indicates the efficacy of these treatments in dormancy contravention in hard-seeded species.

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Meitzel, Tobias [Verfasser]. "Signaling pathways in legume seed development : evidence for a crosstalk between trehalose 6-phosphate and auxin ; [kumulative Dissertation] / Tobias Meitzel." Halle, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1180387953/34.

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Jeffery, Douglas. "The effect of dry heat on the seed germination of two indigenous and two alien legume species in South Africa." Thesis, University of Cape Town, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26714.

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North, Helen Mary. "Pea seed lipoxygenase variants." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.253646.

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Rossi, Rubiana Falopa 1986. "Towards understanding the influence of seed maturation on physiological seed quality in legumes /." Botucatu, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/144406.

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Orientador: Edvaldo Aparecido Amaral da Silva
Coorientador: Olivier Henri Leon Leprince
Banca: José Marcio Rocha Faria
Banca: Julia Buitink.
Banca: Nathalie Nesi
Resumo: Durante a maturação da semente, a germinação, a tolerância à dessecação e a longevidade são adquiridos sequencialmente. A maturação da semente termina com a fase de dessecação que traz o embrião a um estado de repouso. Na cadeia de produção de sementes, o estádio de maturação no momento da colheita é o primeiro fator que influencia a longevidade das sementes e estabelecimento da cultura. Após a colheita, as sementes são normalmente secas para um teor de água compatível com os tratamentos pós-colheita e armazenamento a longo prazo. No entanto, há uma falta de compreensão de como a longevidade das sementes é adquirida durante a maturação da semente e qual o impacto da secagem prematura na longevidade e na retomada das atividades celulares durante a embebição. Esta questão foi abordada aqui, comparando alterações transcriptoma associados com a secagem maturação e embebição de sementes de soja e Medicago truncatula, colhidos em um estádio imaturo e estádio seco maturo. A fase imatura correspondeu final de enchimento de grãos, quando a longevidade não foi adquirida enquanto outros traços de vigor foram adquiridos. A caracterização do transcriptoma de soja revelou que a secagem forçada não era semelhante à maturação de secagem na planta, o que estimulou a degradação da clorofila e síntese de chaperones de proteção. Oitenta e nove % dos genes diferencialmente expressos durante um período de 18 horas de embebição mostrou um padrão similar entre as sementes imaturos e maduros, consist... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: During seed maturation, germination, desiccation tolerance and longevity are acquired sequentially. Seed maturation is terminated by a desiccation phase that brings the embryo to a quiescent state. In the seed production chain, the stage of maturity at harvest is the first factor that influences seed longevity and crop establishment. After harvest, seeds are usually dried to water content compatible with long term storage and post-harvest treatments. However, there is a lack of understanding of how seed longevity is acquired during seed maturation and how premature drying impacts longevity and resumption of cellular activities during imbibition. This was addressed here by comparing transcriptome changes associated with maturation drying and imbibition of seeds of soybean and Medicago truncatula, harvested at an immature stage and mature dry stage. The immature stage corresponded to end of seed filling when longevity was not acquired while other vigor traits were acquired. Transcriptome characterization in soybean revealed that enforced drying was not similar to maturation drying in planta, which stimulated degradation of chlorophyll and synthesis of protective chaperones. Eighty-nine % of the differentially expressed genes during a 18h-imbibition period showed a similar pattern between immature and mature seeds, consistent with a comparable germination between stages. An analysis of the 147 transcripts that increased during imbibition of mature seeds but not in immature seeds... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Resumen: Pendant la maturation des graines, la germination, tolérance à la dessication et longévité sont acquises de manière séquentielle. La maturation s'achève par la dessication qui amène l'embryon à l'état de quiescence. Au cours de leur production, la maturité des graines à la récolte est le premier facteur qui influence la longévité et l'établissement de la culture lors du semis. Les graines récoltées sont ensuite séchées à une teneur en eau permettant leur conservation. On ne comprend pas comment la longévité est installée pendant la maturation et comment un séchage prématuré influence la longévité et la reprise des activités cellulaires pendant l'imbibition. L'objectif de la thèse était de répondre à ces questions en comparant les transcriptomes de graines immatures et matures de soja et Medicago truncatula pendant la dessication et l'imbibition. Les graines immatures furent récoltées après le remplissage avant la dessiccation, lorsque la longévité n'est pas encore acquise. Chez le soja, la comparaison des transcriptomes des graines immatures et matures montre que le séchage forcé n'est pas identique à la dessication in planta qui se caractérise par la synthèse de protéines chaperones. Plus de 89% des gènes différentiellement exprimés après 18 h d'imbibition présentent des profils d'expression identiques dans les graines immatures et matures, en accord avec la germination comparable de celles-ci. L'analyse des transcrits dont la teneur augmente uniquement pendant l'imbibition... (Resumen completo clicar acceso eletrônico abajo)
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Nasar-Abbas, Syed Muhammad. "Investigation of environmental staining and storage on discolouration and cooking quality in Faba bean (Vicia faba L.)." University of Western Australia. Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0219.

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[Truncated abstract] Faba bean (Vicia Faba L.) ranks third worldwide in overall production among coolseason legume crops and is used as a main source of protein both for food and feed purposes in many parts of the world. Australia is a major exporter of faba beans and the price received depends on the quality of the seed especially colour of the seed coat. Consumers don?t like faba beans that are dark coloured or that have blemishes on the seed coat. Environmental staining and storage discolouration deteriorate seed colour causing substantial economic losses to growers and grain handlers. To investigate the influence of environmental conditions, especially during pod/seed development and maturity, on the degree of environmental staining, field trials were conducted using four faba bean varieties (Fiord, Fiesta, Ascot and Cairo) in a range of environmental conditions under the Mediterranean-type climate of south western Australian grain belt. Although a majority of seeds had good colour but 3-25% were stained up to an unacceptable level across the trials and this varied with location and variety. Seeds formed later in plant development (located on the upper nodes of the plant) were more stained than seeds formed earlier (located on the lower nodes). This may be due to end of season environmental factors, such as high temperature and light intensity, and water and nutrient stress. Similarly seeds formed on small and weak plants, which may have developed under stressful conditions, had more staining than seeds formed on normal sized and healthy plants. Genotypic variation was also evident with Fiord showing greater staining than Ascot, Fiesta and Cairo. The cause of environmental staining appears to be complex but was associated with phenolic contents. Storage discolouration was influenced by a number of factors including temperature, seed moisture content, light and storage period and these were critical in determining storage life. ... Faba bean hardness, examined by the hard-to-cook test, also increased with increased storage temperature. There was a high negative correlation (r2 = 0.98) between storage temperature and cooking ability of faba bean. There was a three-fold increase in lignin content of faba bean stored at 50°C compared to those stored at 5°C and it was correlated with bean hardness (r2 = 0.98). Reduction in free phenolics was negatively correlated (r2 = 0.75) with bean hardness. The environmental staining in faba bean can be minimized with correct choice of varieties, robust agronomic practices to establish and maintain healthy plants and the use of mechanical graders and colour sorters. For minimizing storage discolouration faba beans must be dehydrated to ≤12% seed moisture content and stored in insulated bins (silos) or at least bins painted white and constructed under trees shades. In addition occasional flushing with N2 will further help reduce the colour darkening. The above approaches will improve quality, market opportunities, price and hence profitability of faba bean in the farming systems.

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Squella, Fernando. "Ecological significance of seed size in mediterranean annual pasture legumes." Adelaide Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, Waite Agricultural Research Institute, Department of Plant Science, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/21647.

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Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Faculty of Agricultural and Natural Resource Sciences, 1992

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16

Smith, Thomas M. "Seed Priming and Smoke Water Effects on Germination and Seed Vigor of Selected Low-Vigor Forage Legumes." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36162.

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A commercial solid matric priming method and an osmotic priming method were used to measure seed priming responses of birdsfoot trefoil, kura clover, and sericea lespedeza. Differences were not observed using standard germination tests, but both priming methods show potential for increased germination rate (P>0.05). Conflicting results for matric and osmotic priming were found in terms of seed storage potential after priming, with matric primed seeds showing higher (P<0.05) germination after accelerated aging and osmotic primed seeds showing significant lower germination(P<0.01). Birdsfoot trefoil benefited from priming, but responses varied by priming treatment, while kura clover showed less response to both priming treatments. In a field study comparing matric primed vs. unprimed seedling emergence, matric priming effects were small and these data suggest that solid matrix priming may be unlikely to improve the field establishment of either species.

Aqueous smoke solutions were also tested for effect on seed germination. Differences in final germination percent due to solution type (after exposure to liquid smoke solutions for 10- or 45-min) were not observed. Highest concentration of the 10-min solution treatment reduced (P<0.05) birdsfoot trefoil germination. Greater germination was observed only for 'Perfect Fit' kura clover treated with low or intermediate concentrations of either solution. High concentrations of 10-min smoke water increased time to 50% germination (T50) for all seeds, but some reduction in T50 occurred for kura clovers treated with low (5%) solution concentrations. The 45-min treatments had little effect on germination rates. Applying aqueous smoke solution to seeds at germination did not improve germination responses of these forage legume species.

Master of Science

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17

Kamboozia, Jafar. "Seedling vigour in winter grain legumes." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1994. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phk152.pdf.

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18

Al-Helal, Ali A. "The use of isoenzymes in the study of germination, development and breeding of legumes." Thesis, Durham University, 1985. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/7881/.

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Amylase activities and patterns were compared in extracts from mature seeds and from different parts of seedlings at various stages of seed germination of various varieties of different legume species. Apart from soyabean, all varieties had low levels of amylase activities in extracts from mature seeds, while the former had a remarkably high level. Amylase activities and the number of bands increased during seed germination and showed time and tissue specifity. The extracts from cotyledons had the highest activities and the largest number of bands as compared to that of the various parts of embryonic axes. Amylase activities and patterns had time specific changes during the various stages of seed development of the 7 varieties of different legume species studied. All the different varieties showed changes in zymogram patterns and decreased amylase activity during seed development, except soyabean where amylase activity remained high at all stages. The different components of amylase were characterised in pea (var. Feltham First). One band of a -amylase activity, restricted to the cotyledons, was present in the middle stages of seed development only, then reappeared at the third day of seed germination. The embryonic axes β -amylase activity decreased as the seed developed, to reach zero level in mature seeds, and reappearred during seed germination. The reverse sequence occurred for the cotyledonary β -amylase. The pea a -amylase was partially purified using ethanol precipitation, glycogen complex and hydroxyapatite column chromatography. The purified protein had three major bands with few faint bands on the SDS polyacrylamide gel. The embryonic axes β -amylase of pea was partially purified using the conventional method, ammonium sulphate precipitation, ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. The purified protein contained two thick bands and many faint bands on the SDS polyacrylamide gel. The zymogram patterns of phosphorylase, EST, GDH, GOT, LDH, ADH and MDH were investigated during seed development of various varieties of different legume species. The most noticeable changes as the seeds developed were the decrease in activities and number of bands of EST in pea and soyabean, shift in GDH activities between isoenzyme forms in pea (var. English Wonder), increase in GDH activities and number of bands in dwarf French bean and soyabean and increase in activities and number of bands of MDH in pea (var. Feltham First).

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19

Law, Ho-ying, and 羅浩盈. "Structure-function study of vicilins from two indigenous Chinese legumes, Dolichos lablab and Phaseolus calcaratus." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31245560.

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20

Robert, Laurian S. "The expression of seed storage proteins in oat, other cereals and in legumes." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/4615.

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21

Eldredge, Sean D. "Beneficial fungal interactions resulting in accelerated germination of Astragalus utahensis, a hard-deeded legume /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2007. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2206.pdf.

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22

Rossi, Rubiana. "Contribution à la compréhension de l'effet de maturation des graines sur leur qualité physiologique chez les légumineuses." Thesis, Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NSARI077/document.

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Pendant la maturation des graines, la germination, tolérance à la dessication et longévité sont acquises de manière séquentielle. La maturation s’achève par la dessication qui amène l’embryon à l’état de quiescence. La maturité des graines à la récolte est le premier facteur qui in¿ uence la longévité et l’établissement de la culture lors du semis. On ne comprend pas comment la longévité est installée pendant la maturation et comment un séchage prématuré in¿ uence la longévité et la reprise des activités cellulaires pendant l’imbibition. L’objectif de la thèse était de répondre à ces questions en comparant les transcriptomes de graines immatures et matures de soja et Medicago truncatula pendant la dessication et l’imbibition. Les graines immatures furent récoltées après le remplissage avant la dessiccation, lorsque la longévité n’est pas encore acquise.Chez le soja, la comparaison des transcriptomes des graines immatures et matures montre que le séchage forcé n’est pas identique à la dessication in planta qui se caractérise par la synthèse de protéines chaperones. Plus de 89% des gènes différentiellement exprimés après 18 h d’imbibition présentent des pro¿ ls d’expression identiques dans les graines immatures et matures, en accord avec la germination comparable de celles-ci. L’analyse des transcrits dont la teneur augmente uniquement pendant l’imbibition des graines mature suggère la mise en place de mécanismes de réparation. La comparaison de ces données avec Medicago montre que l’imbibition des graines matures se caractérise par une sur-représentation des gènes liés au
During seed maturation, germination, desiccation tolerance and longevity are acquired sequentially. Seed maturation is terminated by a desiccation phase that brings the embryo to a quiescent state. Seed maturity at harvest in¿ uences seed longevity and crop establishment. After harvest, seeds are usually dried to water content compatible with long term storage and post-harvest treatments. However, there is a lack of understanding of how seed longevity is acquired during seed maturation and how premature drying impacts longevity and resumption of cellular activities during imbibition. This was addressed here by comparing transcriptome changes associated with maturation drying and imbibition of seeds of soybean and Medicago truncatula, harvested at an immature stage and mature dry stage.The immature stage corresponded to end of seed ¿ lling when longevity was not acquired while other vigor traits were acquired. Transcriptome characterization in soybean revealed that enforced drying was not similar to maturation drying in planta, which stimulated degradation of chlorophyll and synthesis of protective chaperones. Eighty-nine % of the differentially expressed genes during a 18h-imbibition period showed a similar pattern between immature and mature seeds, consistent with a comparable germination between stages. An analysis of the 147 transcripts that increased during imbibition of mature seeds but not in immature seeds suggested an activation of processes associated with shoot meristem development and DNA repair. These data were compared with imbibing immature and mature seeds

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23

Butler, Elizabeth Ann. "Legumes in antiquity : a micromorphological investigation of seeds of the Vicieae." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1990. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1317540/.

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Early evidence for the importance of legumes in nutrition is limited by difficulties in the identification and interpretation of pulse remains from archaeological contexts. The main aims of this work are to seek in a detailed survey of legume seed micromorphology, criteria that can be used i) for the identification of species and, ii) as evidence of cultivation. Assessment of the role of SEM in archaeobotany is a supplementary aim. Archaeological evidence of pulses in the Old World is first reviewed, followed by the rationale for the selection of members of the tribe Vicieae as the species researched. The second part of the thesis is a background study of the Vicieae and its four major genera Vicia, Lathyrus, Lens and Pisum. Brief accounts of their taxonomy, seed morphology and geographical distribution are followed by an examination of traditional Old World systems of pulse agronomy. Chapter three concerns the material and methods of research. The results are described qualitatively in chapter four, and following multivariate analysis in chapters five and six. The seventh chapter describes some miscellaneous procedures. The eighth chapter is a discussion of the results. Identifications down to species level using seed micromorphology are restricted to certain taxa, contrary to some published reports; but allocation of specimens to a higher taxonomic rank, using an array of criteria, is usually more realistic. Most useful characters are found in features in the hilar region. Clear evidence of cultivation has only been observed in the genus Pisum. Using SEM, similar data may be recorded equally in fresh seeds and fragments of charred archaeological specimens. It is concluded that seeds of the Vicieae usually do not exhibit sufficient morphological differences for species identification. Evidence for cultivation may rather be sought in biochemical changes that facilitate control of the germinationin seeds of cultigens. Future research into pulse biochemistry and agronomy is anticipated.

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24

Balzotti, Marie Renee Barrett. "Identification, Sequencing, Expression and Evolutionary Relationships of the 11S Seed Storage Protein Gene in Chenopodium quinoa Willd." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2006. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1494.pdf.

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25

Cully, Julia. "Aspects of structure and functionality in legumin and vicilin from Vicia faba seeds." Thesis, Durham University, 1987. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/6713/.

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Soy beans command a large proportion of the vegetable protein market of the food processing industry; however, their cultivation is limited by climatic factors. A crop able to compete in these markets, but suited to growth in cooler, temperate conditions would have political and economic advantages for Europe. One such crop under consideration is Vicia faba minor. A new faba bean line (IVS-G),developed by a breeding programme at Durham University, was compared to an established commercial variety (Maris Bead) for chemical, physical and functional characteristics. A selection of processing methods was used to produce proteinaceous materials equivalent to soy products already on the commercial market. The methods used were defatting, air-classification, and the production of isolates, proteinates and micellar protein preparations. The materials were assessed and compared to soy products for functionality in tests designed to assess solubility, gelling, foaming and emulsifying properties. The storage proteins, legumin and vicilin, are the major protein constituents of the bean seed, and their structural and functional properties were also investigated. The bean products had similar functional properties to equivalent soy products, when protein contents were also similar. However, the higher initial in vivo protein content of the soy bean does give the latter a competitive advantage. Also, the marketing of by-products of faba bean, eg. Starch and fibre, may prove difficult.

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26

Salam, Kawsar Parveen. "Improving the fit of new annual pasture legumes in Western Australian farming systems: experience from Cadiz and Casbah." Thesis, Curtin University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1953.

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Annual pasture legumes (APLs) are important in Western Australian farming systems, with subterranean clovers and annual medics being dominant. However, due to potential environmental, economic and biological constraints of these species, alternatives have been sought, with a second generation of new species being introduced since 1991. Despite the views of researchers about the advantages in WA conditions of the newly released annual pasture legumes over traditional pastures, there is a perception by some industry decision makers that their level of adoption has been lower than expected. However, there was not a good method for evaluating the level of adoption. The aim of this study was therefore to enhance understanding of how to improve the fit of new annual pasture legumes in Western Australian farming systems, taking two pastures, French serradella (Ornithopus sativus) cv. Cadiz and Biserrula (Biserrula Pelecinus) cv. Casbah (Hereafter, will be referred to as Cadiz and Casbah.), as examples.The objectives of the study were implemented in four steps. In step one, a framework, built on a three-tier hierarchy (broad adoption potential or BAP, broad attainable adoption potential or BAAP, and maximum attainable adoption potential or MAAP) was developed based on the agro-ecological suitability of the annual pasture legumes. BAP was calculated from the amount of suitable land in terms of soil and rainfall requirements for an APL. The BAAP was calculated by multiplying BAP with two coefficients related to the proportion of cropping area within a geographic region, and the crop-pasture ratio within the cropping area. The MAAP was calculated by multiplying BAAP with a coefficient related to the certainty of a successful pasture-growing season. This coefficient was derived from a Microsoft-Excell®-based Climate Reliability Calculator particularly developed for this study. The broad attainable adoption potentials (BAAP) for Cadiz and Casbah were calculated as 1.67 M ha and 1.18 M ha, respectively. These figures were about 81% less than the calculated broad adoption potential (BAP). The maximum attainable adoption potentials (MAAP) for Cadiz and Casbah in Western Australian cropping-belt were calculated as 0.99 and 0.89 M ha, respectively.In step two, a survey was conducted to understand the salient issues that farmers consider in relation to adopting a new annual pasture legume for their farming systems. An open-ended question was used for them for the attributes they desired for their ‘dream’ pasture. Questions were also asked about their experiences of strengths and weaknesses for Cadiz and Casbah. Responses were analysed using the principles of ‘grounded theory’. Furthermore, based on farmers’ perceptions, an APL-characteristics framework was developed for Western Australia. The framework consisted of six attributes of a pasture. They are, in order of importance calculated from the percent of farmers responses: superiority in establishment and growth (79%), ability in supplying quality feed (49%), improved potential in controlling weeds (38%), adaptability in broader agro-ecological horizon (36%), tolerant to major insect-pests (20%), and inexpensive (15%). Many farmers desired a combination of these components rather than just a single component. The two test APLs, Cadiz and Casbah, were compared under this framework based on the responses of the farmers.In the third step, using farmers’ perceptions of the salient attributes and other variables, an empirical model was developed to predict the likely adoption of any annual pasture legume in Western Australian farming systems. The model consisted of the product of two components, AAAR and TRMAP. The AAAR was the averaged annual adoption rate (as the percentage of all pastures grown in Western Australia) of the APL. TRMAP is the time, in years, required to reach the maximum adoption potential of the APL. The AAAR was related to the agronomic characteristics of the APL (the three most wanted characteristics by farmers, i.e. establishment and growth, feed supply and quality and weed control) and an ‘inter-competition’ factor, whereas the TRMAP was attributed to its scope of adaptation. Both AAAR and TRAMP were essentially regression models. The model performed well when tested independently for Cadiz and Casbah using inputs from two different sources, i.e. breeders and farmers. In the final step, the model was applied to predict the adoption of Cadiz and Casbah using inputs from breeders and farmers in order to understand what level of adoption breeders would have expected and to what extent farmers would support the breeders’ view. Results showed that breeders were expecting Cadiz and Casbah would be adopted in about 32% and 22% of their potential areas (MAAP) compared to the achieved adoption of 23% for Cadiz and 20% for Casbah, respectively.On the other hand, model output using farmers’ evaluation scores indicated that the adoption would be 20% for Cadiz and 19% for Casbah, which is much closer to the achieved adoption level. The difference between breeders’ expectation and farmers’ evaluation on adoption potential of Cadiz and Casbah was due to differences in evaluation scores provided by the two groups on different pasture characteristics in relation to establishment and growth, weed control and feed supply and quality. Some of the pasture characteristics desired by the farmers, such as reliable regeneration, seed settings, easy establishment, general vigor, good chemical tolerance, good feed supply and quality, suitable for wide range of soils, good insect tolerance are not commonly present when Cadiz and Casbah are grown in the farming environments.Two issues for further consideration if the adoption levels of Cadiz and Casbah were to be increased in WA farming systems are: decreasing the knowledge gap among farmers on tactical management of APLs though extension, and improved pasture characteristics through the breeding/selection process. Furthermore, this study designed a system consisting of three major components: the maximum attainable adoption potential (MAAP), the annual pasture legume characteristics framework (APL-characteristics for Western Australia) and achievable adoption potential (AAP). This system acts as a common platform - where breeders, farmers, extension specialists and policy makers could work as a team towards improving the fit of annual pasture legumes, and potentially other crops if the required supporting information was collected, in Western Australian farming systems.

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27

Urquiza, Nazareth Guedes 1975. "Morfoanatomia de frutos e sementes, germinação e mobilização de reservas em Abarema brachystachya (DC.) Barneby & Grimes, Mimosa bimucronata (DC.) Kuntze e Mimosa scabrella Benth. (Leguminosae-Mimosoideae)." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/315562.

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Orientador: Sandra Maria Carmello Guerreiro, Ivany Ferraz Marquez Valio
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: A família Leguminosae possui elevada representatividade entre os elementos do estrato arbóreo da Mata Atlântica. Diversas características da biologia das leguminosas têm contribuído para o seu sucesso ecológico e evolutivo entre elas a expressiva variação morfológica nos tipos de frutos e sementes. Essas variações são em grande parte relacionadas às estratégias de dispersão e de germinação. Assim sendo, o objetivo deste estudo foi investigar aspectos morfoanatomicos, de três espécies florestais Leguminosae da Mata Atlântica (Abarema brachystachya (DC.) Barneby & Grimes, Mimosa bimucronata (DC.) Kuntze e M. scabrella Benth.), bem como analisar as características da germinação e as potenciais mudanças nas rotas bioquímicas ligadas ao metabolismo primário (carboidratos, lipídios e proteínas). Todas as espécies apresentam estrutura bastante uniforme, tanto no pericarpo quanto na semente. No pericarpo, foram observados aspectos comuns às leguminosas, sendo destacadas características como cutícula espessa, presença de tricomas no exocarpo, células comuns com paredes anticlinais retas, presença de cristais de oxalato de cálcio e calotas de fibras gelatinosas externas aos feixes dorsais e ventrais além de acúmulo de compostos fenólicos e segmentação pericárpica. Na semente, também foram observadas características comuns à família, como o caráter bitegumentado e a testa de estrutura padrão, com paliçada bem diferenciada. Os resultados dos ensaios de germinação mostraram que as espécies, mesmo apresentando alta germinabilidade apresentaram diferenças no percentual, tempo e velocidade de germinação, sugerindo que fatores endógenos podem influenciar a germinação dessas espécies. A quantificação de carboidratos, proteínas e lipídeos, bem como a determinação dos padrões protéicos e o perfil dos ácidos graxos confirmaram que as espécies apresentam diferenças entre si tanto na quantidade de compostos orgânicos estocados quanto na mobilização dessas reservas. Esses resultados permitiram concluir que as sementes das espécies estudadas exibiram teor quantitativo e qualitativo diferenciado entre si e que estes se alteram ao longo do processo germinativo, principalmente, as reservas mais energéticas como os carboidratos e os lipídios, fazendo com que a germinação aconteça de forma mais rápida
Abstract: The family Leguminosae contains high representation among the elements of the arboreal stratum of the Atlantic Forest. Several features of the biology of legumes have contributed to their ecological and evolutionary success, including the significant morphological variation in the types of fruits and seeds. These variations are largely related to the strategies of dispersal and germination. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the morpho-anatomical aspects of species of the Atlantic Forest (Abarema brachystachya, Mimosa bimucronata and M. scabrella); including the analysis of the germination characteristics and potential changes in biochemical pathways linked to primary metabolism (carbohydrate, lipids and proteins). Species have very uniform structure both in the seed and pericarp. In the pericarp, common legumes aspects were observed, the xeromorphic features (thick cuticle, presence of trichomes in the ovarian epidermis and the exocarp, common cells with straight anticlinal walls, hypodermis, presence of calcium oxalate crystals and gelatinous fiber caps external to the dorsal and ventral bundles) and the anti-herbivory features (accumulation of phenolic compounds and pericarp segmentation) were highlighted. In the seed, common characteristics to the family were also found, as the character bitegmic and standard testa structure, with well-differentiated palisade cells. The results of germination tests showed that the species, even presenting high germination, showed differences in the percentage, time and speed of germination, suggesting that endogenous factors can influence the germination of these species. The quantification of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids, as well as the determination of protein patterns and fatty acid profile, confirmed that the species differ from each other on both the quantity of stored organic compounds and in the mobilization of these reserves. These results showed that the seeds of the studied species displayed quantitative and qualitative differential content between themselves and that these contents change throughout the germination process, especially the most energy reserves as carbohydrates and lipids, causing that the germination occurs more quickly
Doutorado
Biologia Vegetal
Doutor em Biologia Vegetal

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28

Altfuldisch, Rainer. "Haftung und Entschädigung nach Tankerunfällen auf See : Bestandsaufnahme, Rechtsvergleich und Überlegungen de lege ferenda /." Berlin : Springer, 2007. http://www.netlibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=197043.

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29

FIOCCA, MATTEO CARMINE. "«Non veni solvere legem, sed implere». Lo ius regium tra riformismo e consolidazioni normative nella Napoli del Settecento." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Genova, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11567/1055477.

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This research work aims to investigate the process of affirmation of the Ius Regni Neapolitani (the law of the Kingdom of Naples) and of the normative collections that were published in Naples in the eighteenth century. Starting from the study of medieval origins and the modern evolution of the ius Regni and continuing with the examination of the individual types of sources that made up the ius regium (the law of the king), the work focuses on the attempt at official codification of the national law initiated in the eighteenth century by Charles of Bourbon and on the numerous collections of royal laws (consolidazioni) published privately by various jurists of the time. In particular, we will try to understand the reasons that led to the failure of the official codification project, taking into account the particular political and institutional situation that had arisen in the Kingdom of Naples after the arrival of the Bourbons and the conflicting relations between the Crown and the Neapolitan Judiciary.

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30

Caccere, Rodrigo. "Caracterização bioquímica e histo-estrutural de embriões de Inga vera Willd. Subsp. affinis (DC.) T.D. Penn. durante a maturação e após secagem." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/317723.

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Orientadores: Márcia Regina Braga, Simone de Pádua Teixeira
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: Inga vera Pennington produz sementes com alta sensibilidade à dessecação, o que dificulta seu armazenamento. Diversos mecanismos estão relacionados tolerância à dessecação, dentre eles o acúmulo de reservas insolúveis e de moléculas protetoras, redução do metabolismo e dobramento da parede celular. Desse modo, o objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar o comportamento de eixos embrionários e cotilédones de I. vera com respeito a seus teores e composição de açúcares solúveis, de reserva e de parede celular e quanto à ultra-estrutura durante a maturação e após a secagem. Eixos embrionários e cotilédones de I. vera durante a maturação, acumulam altos níveis de amido e armazenam também outras substâncias como compostos fenólicos. O acúmulo de massa seca e o processo de vacuolização durante todo o desenvolvimentos dos embriões desta espécie indicam alta atividade metabólica até o momento da dispersão. Além disso, as paredes celulares de eixos embrionários e cotilédones acumulam galactanos que podem lhe conferir maior rigidez. Embriões de I. vera secos até 35% de teor de água apresentaram redução da capacidade germinativa. Esta desidratação parcial provocou um estímulo metabólico, evidenciado pela mobilização de reservas e deposição de material nas paredes celulares, além de intensa atividade do retículo endoplasmático rigoso, observada nos eixos embrionários. A secagem severa (17% de teor de água) provocou rompimento das membranas resultando no aparecimento de células completamente colapsadas. Dessa forma, pode-se concluir que embriões I. vera mantém o metabolismo ativo durante a desidratação até que os processos de injúria comecem a ocorrer.
Abstract: Inga vera Pennington produces recalcitrant seeds, characterized by desiccation sensibility and short post-harvest life span, no longer than one mouth. Mechanisms proposed to explain the ability of organisms to survive desiccation include accumulation of insoluble reserves and protective molecules, metabolic "switch off" and cell wall folding, among others. The aim of the present study was to analyze the behavior of I.vera embryos (axes and cotyledons) with respect to sugar content, cell wall composition and ultrastructure during different stages of development and after desiccation. Axes and cotyledons accumulate starch and phenolic compounds and also showed vacuolization all over development, suggesting high metabolic activity up to the end of the maturation period. Moreover, cell walls of axes and cotyledons cantain polysaccharides, like galactans, that can provide more rigidity to the cell wall. Mature I.vera seeds were dried 35% or 17% and seed variability was skilghtly reduced due to drying to 35% of water content, but no seeds survived to severe desiccation (17% water content). Starch mobilization, increase in the cell wall thickness in axes and cotyledons, and high degree of development of the rough endoplasmic reticulum in axes suggest that drying to 35% of water content enhanced metabolic activity. Severe desiccation resulted in membrane breaking leading to collapsed protoplasm. Therefore we can conclude that I.vera embryos keep high metabolic activity during desiccation until damage processes start.
Mestrado
Biologia Celular
Mestre em Biologia Celular e Estrutural

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31

Bau, Richard Hwei-Ming. "Les constituants biochimiques de quelques graines d'oleagineux et de légumineuses : Étude des propriétés physico-chimiques fonctionnelles et nutritionnelles. Traitements d'amélioration par voies chimique, enzymatique et biologique." Nancy 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10270.

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Afin d'accroître l'utilisation diversifiée et de valoriser les graines de soja, de tournesol, de colza et de féverole et de mieux connaître l'influence des différents traitements technologiques sur la valeur nutritionnelle, les propriétés physicochimiques et l'acceptabilité en industrie alimentaire des protéines de ces graines, différents procédés d'extraction et de préparation de produits protéiques à base de ces graines ont été étudiés. Les technologies misent en oeuvre comprennent les traitements physico-chimiques et biotechnologiques suivants : germination des graines, fermentation, traitements thermiques (chauffage traditionnel en solution, ou à la vapeur et par micro-onde),purification des protéines par voie humide, isolement des protéines par précipitation directe aux points isoélectriques à partir d'extraits alcalins de protéines, utilisation d'antioxydants tels que le bisulfate de sodium, le sulfite de sodium et l'acide citrique, utilisation de gélifiant (alginate de sodium), deshuilage avec l'hexane ou un melange azéotrope (hexane/éthanol à 95%)

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32

N'Dzondzi-Bokouango, Gabriel. "Étude de l'influence de la germination sur la composition physicochimique et la valeur nutritionnelle des graines de féverole." Nancy 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NAN10304.

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Contribution à la valorisation des protéines de féveroles pour l'alimentation humaine et animale. Dans l'approche méthodologique, on détermine quelques caractéristiques physico-chimiques, et la valeur nutritionnelle des graines de féveroles par une étude de croissance et de bilan azote chez les rats. Les résultats montrent que la germination des graines de féveroles présente plus d'avantages que d'inconvénients : la germination élimine partiellement ou en totalité certains facteurs antinutritionnels, les facteurs antitrypsiques sont très peu modifiés pendant la germination des graines de féveroles

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Walker, Jennifer A. "Kura clover (Trifolium ambiguum M. Bieb) seed production and establishment in Alberta." Phd thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10048/823.

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Kura clover (Trifolium ambiguum) is a perennial legume species that has been found to have exceptional persistence in the United States, Australia and New Zealand. There are two challenges that impede the incorporation of Kura clover into pasture mixtures in Alberta. The first is the lack of available seed, and the second is poor establishment success in mixtures with highly competitive grass species. A series of experiments were conducted to (i) address the potential for seed production in a central Alberta environment and (ii) to determine alternative strategies for establishment in mixtures. Kura clover successfully flowered and produced seed under central Alberta growing conditions. Seed production was greater from the cultivar Endura than Cossack. Kura clover seed production was not affected by row spacing however, yield was greater when clover was planted at 3 or 6 kg/ha versus 9 or 12 kg/ha. Seed yield ranged from 80 kg/ha to 350 kg/ha. Establishing Kura clover with a cover crop reduced flowering and seed production. Corn (Zea mays) was the least competitive cover crop, followed by faba bean (Vicia faba L.). Canola (Brassica napus), peas (Pisum sativum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare) and triticale (X Tritosecale) reduced Kura clover seed yield and are not recommended as cover crops. Comparison of above and below ground competition between Kura clover and meadow bromegrass (Bromus biebersteinii), indicated that below ground competition has the greatest impact on Kura clover seedling growth. Altering seeding rate and delaying introduction of the grass species by up to two months significantly improved Kura clover establishment in mixtures. Kura clover survival in established pastures was higher with physical than chemical sod suppression of the standing forage. Dry matter yield of Kura clover was greatest when defoliated at 6 week intervals. Challenges still remain regarding seed production and establishment of Kura clover. However, we successfully addressed the major concerns regarding the potential of Kura clover in Alberta.
Plant Science

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34

Prata, Diogo Manuel Carvalho. "Functional analysis of MiRNAs involved in the development of legume seeds." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/120627.

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To feed an ever-increasing population worldwide, new strategies for improving agriculture must be found. In the continents of South America, Asia and Africa, there is a prevalent usage of legumes, such as the common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) and soy (Glycine max). To boost the yield of these crops, we need to better understand the development of seeds and in this study the focus is on the effect of the expression of micro RNAs (miRNAs), specifically miR408, during the development of the seeds in the model legume Medicago truncatula (M. truncatula), as well as creating new transformed plants. In P. vulgaris several miRNAs have already been identified to influence the development of the seed, such as miR399a and miR166a and in M. truncatula, there are reports of miR408 influencing the number of seeds per pod. As a starting point, a bioinformatic analysis was conducted to search for miR399a and miR166a equivalents in M. truncatula and their predicted targets as well as the predicted targets of M. truncatula miR408. For all the three miRNAs, the predictions aligned with the bibliography. Using a transformed plant (Mtr-MIM408) that had a mimic of miR408 (MIM408), a transcript complementary to the miRNA that downregulates it, the expression level of miR408 were measured. Because the control samples showed expression of MIM408, no comparison between expression of miR408 and its target between plants could be made. Regarding the transformation of plants, the fragments containing the mimic for miR166a and miR399a were successfully synthetized but failed to be inserted in a binary vector used for transformation M. truncatula. Finally, the transformed plants showed delayed blooming and had fewer seeds per pod, similar to what is found in literature. In short, this work will be a steppingstone in the process of understanding the impact of the expression of these miRNAs in seed development.
Para alimentar a população mundial que continua em crescimento, tem de se encontrar novas estratégias que melhorem as técnicas usadas na agricultura. Nos continentes Sul americano, Asiático e Africano, o uso de leguminosas é prevalente, nomeadamente a soja (Glycine max) e o feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris). Para melhorar o desempenho destas culturas, é necessário ter um melhor entendimento de como as sementes se desenvolvem e neste trabalho o foco será determinar o efeito da expressão do microRNA (miRNA) miR408 em diferentes estados de desenvolvimento das sementes de Medicago truncatula (M. truncatula), bem como criar novas plantas transformantes. Em P. vulgaris foram identificados vários miRNAs que actuam no desenvolvimento da semente, nomeadamente o pvu-miR399a e pvu-miR166a. Em M. truncatula, já existe informação de que miR408 influencia o número de sementes por vagem. Como ponto de partida, uma análise foi feita para determinar os equivalentes de miR399a e miR166a de P. vulgaris e os seus potenciais alvos em M. truncatula assim como os potenciais alvos de miR408 de M. truncatula. Os resultados desta análise mostraram que os alvos previstos dos três miRNAs estão de acordo com a bibliografia. Usando uma planta previamente transformada (Mtr-MIM408) com um mimic de miR408 (MIM408), um transcrito complementar ao miRNA que diminui a expressão desse, os níveis de expressão de miR408 foram medidos. Dado que as amostras usadas para controlo apresentavam ter expressão de MIM408 não foi possível tirar conclusões. Relativamente à transformação de plantas, os fragmentos com MIM166a e MIM399a foram clonados com sucesso, mas a inserção destes num vector binário para transformar M. truncatula não foi possível. Finalmente, as plantas transformadas (Mtr-MIM408) mostraram floração tardia e continham menos sementes por vagem, semelhante ao que se encontra na bibliografia. Em suma, este trabalho contribuirá para futuros estudos relativos ao impacto que estes miRNAs tem no desenvolvimento das sementes.

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35

Song, Youhong. "Genetic regulation of embryo development and formation of seed storage products in the legume model Medicago truncatula." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1036769.

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Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosphy (PhD)
Legumes are increasingly recognised as playing a critical role in addressing the food crisis and meeting growing demands for bioenergy in a framework of sustainable cropping. M. truncatula is a widely used model to study legume biology particularly for legume-specific developmental questions such as nodulation. Accordingly, rich genetic sequencing information and extensive databases with bioinformatic analyses are made available by the legume community. This facilitates the use of M. truncatula as a model to study legume seed biology. A global picture of proteomics and transcriptomics of M. truncatula seed filling has been explored. However, there is still limited information available for M. truncatula as a legume model for studying seed biology and seed filling. This study in the thesis characterised M. truncatula embryo development from embryo sac to protein and oil body formation using histological, biochemical and molecular methods. A multicellular hypophysis, suspensor development and a clear procambial connection between shoot and root apical meristems are featured. TEM images clearly show a specific oil body arrangement aligning the protein bodies and plasma membrane. Gene expression during early seed development and the accumulation of storage protein and oil was profiled, with a focus on transcription factors. Embryogenesis establishes the embryonic pattern that acts as the centre for growth after germination and develops the cotyledons that are a repository for protein bodies and oil bodies in legumes. Early embryogenesis with a series of complex development events is completed in 6-8 days and is tightly regulated by a network of transcription factors. Early embryogenesis is characterised by three distinctive expression patterns, with MtSERF1 and MtWOX9 expression associated with embryo growth, connecting the early and late embryo development. Medicago orbicularis was chosen to compare the accumulation of seed storage products with M. truncatula because of its lower seed protein and oil. Further biochemical and histology studies clearly showed a contrasting seed nutritional spectrum in terms of protein, oil, starch and cell wall between M. truncatula and M. orbicularis, which provides a pair of close species to investigate genetic mechanisms of seed storage accumulation. The major regulators of seed maturation and seed filling are LEC1/L1l, LEC2, FUS3 and ABI3 in Arabidopsis while in Medicago only L1L and ABI3 are shown to be possible equivalent regulators. The expression of selected pathway genes further confirmed the transcriptional regulation. Reduced oil content in M. orbicularis is also associated with increased seed coat mucilage and cotyledon cell wall material, and gene expression of associated biosynthetic pathways. The storage compounds can potentially be influenced by modifying carbon flow (e.g. the mucilage biosynthesis pathway), or modifying regulatory genes (e.g. L1L). Apart from the biosynthesis of protein and oil, the process of packing protein and oil is also important for the final storage in the cotyledons. A highly efficient plant transformation system is essential for gene functional analysis and creating transgenic lines. Accordingly, an improved transformation procedure was developed using a new hormonal combination of ABA+GA (an unusual synergism) imposed from the beginning of tissue culture. In essence, the study in this thesis completed a detailed examination of morphological, cellular and molecular aspects of embryogenesis in M. truncatula, providing a legume perspective to complement studies in Arabidopsis embryogenesis. By comparing the cellular, biochemical and molecular basis of seed storage between M. truncatula and M. orbicularis, these species were found to be a promising pair for investigating mechanisms of regulating partitioning of legume seed storage compounds. The improvement of transformation efficiency further facilitates the genetic modification of specific genes of interest in M. truncatula in this context. Therefore, this thesis lays a foundation for further studies in legume seed biology and the regulation of seed filling and storage partitioning.

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36

Dibley, Katherine. "The functional characterisation of novel sucrose transporters." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/937218.

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Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Sucrose is the predominant form in which photosynthetically-fixed carbon is transported over long distances in many plant species. Sucrose moves in the plant from regions of net photosynthetic fixation of carbon or storage (source organs) to sinks, where active growth and/or storage product accumulation occurs. The phloem serves as the long-distance transport conduit. One or more symplasmic discontinuities may occur along the pathway from source to sink, invoking plasma membrane transport steps. For instance, phloem unloading of nutrients includes an apoplasmic step in a number of physiologically important sinks such as developing seeds and fleshy fruits. The uptake of sucrose into plant cells has been well described, and is mediated by sucrose/proton symporter proteins (SUTs). In contrast, little is known about the molecular identity of membrane transporters contributing to sucrose efflux in apoplasmic phloem loading and unloading. The aim of this study was to identify and characterise novel sucrose transporters involved in sucrose efflux. Seed coats of pea and bean were selected as source material, as they are functionally committed to sucrose efflux. Cloning by homology to known SUT sequences, five genes were isolated from legume seed coats - three from pea (including the previously described PsSUT1) and two from French bean. Complementation of the yeast strain, SUSY7, demonstrated that each gene encodes a functional sucrose transporter. When functionally expressed in yeast, three of the five transporters studied exhibited pH- and energy-independent sucrose transport that was shown to be bi-directional. These transport properties, together with counter transport, are consistent with a sucrose facilitator (SUF) function. In addition, and unlike H⁺-coupled SUTs, their transport function was insensitive to diethylpyrocarbonate and did not bind maltose. Kinetically the SUFs functioned as low-affinity, high-capacity sucrose transporters. The physiological significance of these novel SUFs in mediating release of sucrose from coats to the seed apoplasm in developing pea and bean seeds is discussed. Cellular and subcellular localisation studies were also carried out to determine whether SUFs are present at putative sites of sucrose efflux. The cellular and subcellular localisation of PsSUT1, PsSUF1 and PsSUF4, cloned from pea, was carried out to determine their potential contribution to phloem loading and unloading of sucrose in planta. Transient expression of GFP-tagged protein showed that all three transporters were plasma membrane localised. Thus, the likely function of the two facilitators is to mediate sucrose movement into or out of cells down a sucrose concentration gradient. In contrast, the sucrose symporter PsSUT1 would be expected to mediate sucrose retrieval from the source leaf or seed apoplasms. Immunolocalisation studies in seed coat tissues revealed that PsSUF1 and PsSUF4 are present in the inner layers of parenchyma, the putative site of sucrose release in developing seed coats. In contrast, PsSUT1 was restricted to the seed coat vascular bundles, suggesting a role in the retrieval of leaked sucrose along the delivery pathway. PsSUF4 was also present within the vascular bundles, and its function is less apparent, given the polarity of the sucrose gradient and the transporter functions as a facilitator. In pea, phloem loading of leaf minor veins follows an apoplasmic pathway (Wimmers and Turgeon, 1991). As such, two transport events- efflux from the mesophyll symplasm and subsequent uptake by collection phloem- occur in series. Thus, source leaf minor veins were investigated as another region of symplasmic discontinuity and hence a site of sucrose efflux. SUFs were not located in putative efflux cells (bundle sheath or phloem parenchyma cells), but were present, along with PsSUT1, on the plasma membranes of sieve elements. In addition, another sucrose transporter, of unknown identity, was established to be located on plasma membranes of companion cells using a generic SUT1 antibody. To further understand the mechanisms of sucrose efflux, the need to access and study the cytoplasmic face of the SUFs was recognised. A system was developed to enable this by utilising the sec6-4 mutation in yeast, which results in the production of inside-out plasma membrane vesicles. When the transporter gene of interest is transformed into the yeast mutant and transporter protein is incorporated into inside-out vesicles, the cytoplasmic face of the membrane protein is exposed for study. Rapid, real time evaluation of sucrose transporter activity of the membrane vesicles can be monitored using stopped-flow fluorimetry. The technology achieves this outcome by measuring changes in light scattering as membrane vesicles osmotically shrink or swell in response to sucrose transport into or from the vesicles respectively. To make this system suitable for studies of sucrose transport, the endogenous yeast invertase and maltose transporters, which also transport sucrose, needed to be removed from the yeast genome. Initial attempts to remove the invertase gene were carried out in yeast harbouring the sec6-4 mutation, relying on homologous recombination-mediated gene disruption. However, multiple attempts at disruption indicated that more than one invertase gene was present in sec6-4 yeast. A different strategy was adopted which involved incorporating the vesicle accumulation mutation into a suitable (invertase and maltose transporter free) yeast strain. The resultant yeast strain developed, s6s7, successfully accumulated inside-out membrane vesicles, and when combined with the appropriate expression plasmid, offers a new system to functionally characterise sucrose transporters from their cytoplasmic face. Overall, the work presented in this thesis has increased our knowledge of the mechanisms of sucrose efflux in plants. We have demonstrated that the SUT gene family includes novel sucrose facilitators (SUFs) in addition to the sucrose/proton symporters previously reported. These plasma membrane SUFs are localised (but not restricted) to regions supporting high sucrose fluxes, including seed coats and the minor veins of source leaves. In developing seed coats, the contribution of SUFs (relative to other, as yet unidentified, energised transporters) to sucrose efflux may vary across seed development. The engineering of the s6s7 strain of yeast for sucrose transporter characterisation provides the opportunity to investigate the kinetics of the cytoplasmic face of sucrose transporters, including SUFs, SUTs and non-SUT family transporters. This will allow sucrose efflux to be better understood in planta.

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37

"Biochemical composition, protein quality and hypocholesterolemic effect of mature seeds of a pigmented Vigna sinensis cultivar." 1999. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5889823.

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by Foo Wai Ting, Rita.
Thesis submitted in: August 1998.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1999.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 89-100).
Abstract also in Chinese.
Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- Proximate Composition --- p.4
Chapter 1.2 --- Amino Acid Composition --- p.6
Chapter 1.3 --- Antinutrients --- p.11
Chapter 1.3.1 --- Trypsin Inhibitors --- p.12
Chapter 1.3.2 --- Phytate --- p.13
Chapter 1.3.3 --- Tannins --- p.14
Chapter 1.3.4 --- Lectins --- p.15
Chapter 1.4 --- Two Dimensional Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis --- p.17
Chapter 1.5 --- Protein Digestibility --- p.19
Chapter 1.6 --- Protein Quality --- p.22
Chapter 1.7 --- Hypocholesterolemic Effects --- p.24
Chapter 2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.36
Chapter 2.1 --- Plant Material --- p.36
Chapter 2.2 --- Sample preparation --- p.36
Chapter 2.3 --- Proximate composition --- p.38
Chapter 2.3.1 --- Protein --- p.38
Chapter 2.3.2 --- Fat --- p.38
Chapter 2.3.3 --- Carbohydrate --- p.38
Chapter 2.3.4 --- Fiber --- p.38
Chapter 2.3.5 --- Mineral --- p.39
Chapter 2.3.6 --- Moisture --- p.39
Chapter 2.4 --- Amino acid composition --- p.40
Chapter 2.5 --- Antinutrients --- p.41
Chapter 2.5.1 --- Trypsin inhibitors --- p.41
Chapter 2.5.2 --- Tannins --- p.42
Chapter 2.5.3 --- Phytate --- p.43
Chapter 2.5.4 --- Lectins --- p.43
Chapter 2.6 --- Two dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis --- p.45
Chapter 2.6.1 --- Protein extraction --- p.45
Chapter 2.6.2 --- IEF gel --- p.45
Chapter 2.6.3 --- SDS gel --- p.46
Chapter 2.7 --- Protein digestibility --- p.48
Chapter 2.7.1 --- In vitro Protein digestibility --- p.48
Chapter 2.7.2 --- True Protein digestibility --- p.49
Chapter 2.8 --- Protein quality --- p.51
Chapter 2.9 --- Hypocholesterolemic effects --- p.52
Chapter 2.10 --- Statistical analysis --- p.55
Chapter 3 --- Results --- p.56
Chapter 3.1 --- Proximate composition --- p.56
Chapter 3.2 --- Amino acid composition --- p.56
Chapter 3.3 --- Antinutrients --- p.56
Chapter 3.4 --- Two dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis --- p.60
Chapter 3.5 --- Protein digestibility --- p.60
Chapter 3.6 --- Protein quality --- p.60
Chapter 3.7 --- Hypocholesterolemic effects --- p.62
Chapter 3.7.1 --- Growth rate against day --- p.62
Chapter 3.7.2 --- Health indexes --- p.64
Chapter 3.7.3 --- Cholesterol content --- p.64
Chapter 4 --- Discussion --- p.67
Chapter 4.1 --- Proximate composition --- p.67
Chapter 4.2 --- Amino acid composition --- p.70
Chapter 4.3 --- Antinutrients --- p.74
Chapter 4.4 --- Two dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis --- p.77
Chapter 4.5 --- Protein digestibility --- p.79
Chapter 4.6 --- Protein quality --- p.81
Chapter 4.7 --- Hypocholesterolemic effects --- p.82
Chapter 5 --- Conclusion --- p.88
References --- p.89

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38

Masingi, Nkateko Nhlalala. "Isolation and characterisation of a galactose-specific lectin from maturing seeds of lonchocarpus capassa and molecular cloning of the lectin gene." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1355.

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Thesis (M.Sc. (Microbiology)) -- University of Limpopo, 2010
A 29 kDa lectin that shows specificity for galactose was isolated from Lonchocarpus capassa seeds by a combination of ammonium sulphate precipitation and affinity chromatography on a galactose-sepharose column. The 29 kDa lectin subunit co-purified with a 45 kDa subunit. The N-terminal sequence of the 29 kDa subunit showed homology to other legume lectins while that of 45 kDa subunit was capped. A 360 bp fragment was amplified using degenerate primers designed from internal protein sequences of the 29 kDa subunit and a 5´ RACE system primer. The cDNA fragment was cloned into pTz57R/Tvector and transformed into E. coli. The partial amino acid sequence of the lectin subunit was deduced from the nucleotide sequence of the clone. The 360 bp fragment consisted of 342 bp sequence coding for the start codon, leader sequence, N-Terminal sequence and sequences of the 79 amino acids from N-terminus. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence with other legume lectins showed regions of sequence homology with precursor sequences of Robinia pseudoacacia Bark lectin, a non seed lectin from Pisum sativum (pea), and the galactose specific peanut agglutinin (PNA) from Arachis hypogaea. Alignment of these sequences showed conserved regions including the metal binding sites found in all legume lectins. The 5´ end DNA sequence was used to design locus-specific primers which were used with genome walking cassette primers in an attempt to amplify the full L. capassa lectin gene. The cassette primers were designed from restriction enzyme sites on the cassette. Of all the restriction enzymes on the cassette Hind III and the L. capassa gene-specific primers amplified 288 bp of the 342 bp sequence already obtained from sequencing of the cDNA sequence with minor amino acid differences. Although the full lectin sequence was not obtained the study confirmed the presence of a galactose-specific lectin in L. capassa seeds.

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39

Borthakur, Alip. "Studies on Lipoxygenenases in Legume seeds." Thesis, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/1838.

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40

Sutcliffe, Michelle Anne. "Physiological factors affecting the germination of Cyclopia seed." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10731.

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M.Sc. (Botany)
Seed dormancy in Cyclopia spp. (Fabaceae) was investigated using seed from the seeder C. subternata and the resprouter C. intermedia obtained from the Southern Cape region. Seed of both species exhibited seed coat imposed dormancy which could be broken by scarification of the seed coat. However, in addition to an impermeable seed coat, seeds from C. intermedia also exhibit an embryo imposed dormancy which could be broken by cold treatment. Treatment of the seeds with gibberellic acid (GA3 ) , cytokinin (BA) and ethylene could be substituted for the cold treatment. The ethylene sensitivity of the seeds could be enhanced with short-chain saturated fatty acids (octanoic acid) which further stimulated germination. The effect of plant-derived smoke was also investigated and it appears that, in combination, ethylene and short-chain saturated fatty acids present in the smoke stimulate germination of the seeds. Treatment of the seeds with norbornadiene (NBD) before the above treatments resulted in the inhibition of germination, indicating that germination of the seeds of Cyclopia spp. is primarily controlled by the action of ethylene. The interaction between cold treatment, GA3 , BA and ethylene during germination of the seeds will be discussed.

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41

"Ecological significance of seed size in mediterranean annual pasture legumes." Adelaide Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, Waite Agricultural Research Institute, Department of Plant Science, 1992. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ph/09phs7728.pdf.

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42

Gesinde, Folashade. "Structural and functional characterization of ferritin (iron-binding proteins) isolated from manitoba legume seeds." 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/31842.

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Fourteen Manitoba legume seeds and a pea protein isolate were evaluated for ferritin production. Optimized ferritin concentrate yields from 5 selected isolates ranged from 19.07% (Chick Peas) to 9.69% (Moon Dal Washed). Iron concentrations were between 0.45g (Green Lentils Whole) and 0.30g (Chick Pea)/100g. SDS-PAGE revealed presence of the major ferritin polypeptides in the concentrates. The levels of iron in ferritin appear to be directly related to the amount of negatively charged amino acids. Intrinsic fluorescence and circular dichroic spectra showed that the ferritin concentrates had denatured protein conformations at pH 2 and 7, which is critical to their digestibility and bioavailability. Gel-permeation chromatography revealed differences in elution volumes between pre- and post-digestion ferritin concentrates, and kinetics studies confirmed susceptibility to proteolysis and a high potential for iron release. Results demonstrated the feasibility of phytoferritin production from Manitoba pulses, which could serve as a better iron supplement than inorganic iron during IDA treatment.
October 2016

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43

"Establishment of cell culture and characterization of seed coat pigments of vigna sinensis." 2000. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5890532.

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Yip Mei-kuen.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 93-102).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Acknowledgments --- p.i
List of abbreviations --- p.ii
Abstract --- p.iii
Table of Contents --- p.vi
List of tables --- p.x
List of figures --- p.xii
Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- Plant of interest --- p.1
Chapter 1.2 --- Literature review --- p.2
Chapter 1.2.1 --- Anthocyanins-natural pigments in plants --- p.2
Chapter 1.2.1.1 --- Sources and biosynthesis --- p.2
Chapter 1.2.1.2 --- Chemical properties --- p.2
Chapter 1.2.1.3 --- Biological effects --- p.3
Chapter 1.2.2 --- Characterization of anthocyanins --- p.4
Chapter 1.2.3 --- Plant tissue and cell cultures --- p.6
Chapter 1.2.4 --- Induction of anthocyanins in plant tissue culture --- p.7
Chapter 1.2.5 --- Factors affecting anthocyanin production --- p.8
Chapter 1.2.5.1 --- Plant hormones --- p.8
Chapter 1.2.5.2 --- Nutrients --- p.9
Chapter 1.2.5.2.1 --- Phosphate --- p.9
Chapter 1.2.5.2.2 --- Nitrogen --- p.9
Chapter 1.2.5.3 --- Osmoticums --- p.10
Chapter 1.2.5.3.1 --- Sucrose --- p.10
Chapter 1.2.5.3.2 --- Other factors --- p.10
Chapter 1.3 --- Research objectives --- p.12
Chapter 2. --- Materials and methods --- p.16
Chapter 2.1 --- Plant materials --- p.16
Chapter 2.2 --- Study of pigment formation at different developmental stages --- p.16
Chapter 2.2.1 --- Cultivation of Vigna sinensis --- p.16
Chapter 2.2.2 --- Sample collection --- p.16
Chapter 2.2.3 --- HPLC analysis of pigmented vegetative tissues --- p.16
Chapter 2.2.4 --- HPLC analysis of seed coats at different developmental stages --- p.17
Chapter 2.3 --- Characterization of seed coat pigments --- p.17
Chapter 2.3.1 --- Extraction of seed coats pigments --- p.17
Chapter 2.3.2 --- Acid hydrolysis of anthocyanins --- p.17
Chapter 2.3.3 --- High performance liquid chromatography --- p.18
Chapter 2.3.3.1 --- HPLC system --- p.18
Chapter 2.3.3.2 --- Analytical conditions --- p.18
Chapter 2.4 --- Establishment of tissue culture system --- p.19
Chapter 2.4.1 --- Aseptic plant stocks --- p.19
Chapter 2.4.2 --- Shoot-tip cultures --- p.19
Chapter 2.4.3 --- Callus initiation --- p.19
Chapter 2.4.3.1 --- From seed coats --- p.20
Chapter 2.4.3.2 --- From vegetative tissues --- p.20
Chapter 2.4.3.3 --- Light and dark --- p.20
Chapter 2.4.4 --- Optimization of callus growth --- p.21
Chapter 2.4.4.1 --- Basal medium --- p.21
Chapter 2.4.4.2 --- Combination of various plant hormones --- p.21
Chapter 2.4.4.3 --- Basal salt --- p.21
Chapter 2.5 --- Studies of anthocyanin production in hypocotyl callus cultures --- p.22
Chapter 2.5.1 --- Effects of nutrients --- p.22
Chapter 2.5.1.1 --- Nitrogen --- p.22
Chapter 2.5.1.2 --- Phosphate --- p.22
Chapter 2.5.2 --- Osmotic stress --- p.22
Chapter 2.5.2.1 --- Sucrose --- p.22
Chapter 2.5.2.2 --- Mannitol --- p.23
Chapter 2.5.2.3 --- Sodium chloride --- p.23
Chapter 2.5.2.4 --- Polyethylene glycol --- p.23
Chapter 2.6 --- Studies of anthocyanin production in cell suspension cultures --- p.23
Chapter 2.6.1 --- Effects of nutrients --- p.24
Chapter 2.6.1.1 --- Nitrogen --- p.24
Chapter 2.6.1.2 --- Phosphate --- p.24
Chapter 2.6.2 --- Osmotic stress --- p.25
Chapter 2.6.2.1 --- Sucrose --- p.25
Chapter 2.6.2.2 --- Polyethylene glycol --- p.25
Chapter 2.6.3 --- Effects of other factors --- p.25
Chapter 2.6.3.1 --- Riboflavin --- p.25
Chapter 2.6.3.2 --- pH --- p.26
Chapter 2.7 --- Measurement of cell growth --- p.26
Chapter 2.8 --- Estimation of anthocyanins --- p.26
Chapter 2.9 --- Statistical analysis --- p.27
Chapter 3. --- Results --- p.30
Chapter 3.1 --- Study of pigment formation at different developmental stages --- p.30
Chapter 3.1.1 --- General description --- p.30
Chapter 3.1.2 --- HPLC analysis of developing seed coats and other vegetative tissues --- p.30
Chapter 3.1.3 --- The relationship between pigment formation and seed development --- p.30
Chapter 3.2 --- Characterization of seed coat pigments --- p.31
Chapter 3.3 --- Establishment of tissue culture system --- p.43
Chapter 3.3.1 --- Callus initiations from seed coats --- p.43
Chapter 3.3.2 --- Callus initiations from vegetative tissues --- p.43
Chapter 3.3.3 --- Optimization of callus growth --- p.43
Chapter 3.3.3.1 --- Effects of NAA and BA --- p.43
Chapter 3.3.3.2 --- Effects of basal medium and combinations of plant hormones --- p.44
Chapter 3.3.3.3 --- Effects of basal salt --- p.44
Chapter 3.4 --- Studies of anthocyanin production in hypocotyl callus culture --- p.54
Chapter 3.4.1 --- Effects of nutrients --- p.54
Chapter 3.4.1.1 --- Effects of total nitrogen --- p.54
Chapter 3.4.1.2 --- Effects of phosphate --- p.54
Chapter 3.4.2 --- Effects of plant hormones --- p.55
Chapter 3.4.3 --- Osmotic stress --- p.55
Chapter 3.5 --- Establishment of suspension culture system --- p.64
Chapter 3.6 --- Studies of anthocyanin production in seed coat suspension cultures --- p.64
Chapter 3.6.1 --- Nutrient effects on suspension cultures --- p.64
Chapter 3.6.2 --- Osmotic stress on suspension cultures --- p.65
Chapter 3.6.3 --- Effects of phosphate with high nitrogen --- p.65
Chapter 3.6.4 --- Effects of riboflavin with high nitrogen --- p.66
Chapter 3.6.5 --- Influence of pH with high nitrogen --- p.66
Chapter 4. --- Discussion --- p.79
Chapter 4.1 --- Anthocyanin in vegetative tissues and seed coats of Vigna sinensis --- p.79
Chapter 4.2 --- Factors affecting callus initiation in Vigna sinensis --- p.81
Chapter 4.2.1 --- Explant types --- p.81
Chapter 4.2.2 --- Plant hormones --- p.82
Chapter 4.2.3 --- Basal medium --- p.82
Chapter 4.3 --- Factors affecting anthocyanin production in callus cultures derived from hypocotyls --- p.83
Chapter 4.3.1 --- Nutrients --- p.83
Chapter 4.3.2 --- Osmotic stress --- p.85
Chapter 4.4 --- Factors affecting anthocyanin production in suspension culture derived from seed coats --- p.86
Chapter 4.4.1 --- Nutrients --- p.86
Chapter 4.4.2 --- Osmotic stress --- p.87
Chapter 4.5 --- Comparison of anthocyanin production from natural source and plant tissue cultures of V.sinensis --- p.89
Chapter 4.6 --- Further studies --- p.89
Chapter 5. --- Conclusions --- p.91
References --- p.93

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44

"The antiproliferative activity of hakmeitau bean (Vigna sinensis) extract." 2004. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5892192.

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Abstract:

Lau Wing-Sze.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 131-149).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Acknowledgements --- p.i
Abstract --- p.ii
Abstract (Chinese version) --- p.iv
Table of Contents --- p.vi
List of Tables --- p.x
List of Figures --- p.xii
List of Abbreviations --- p.xiv
Chapter Chapter One: --- An overview of Vigna sinensis seeds
Chapter 1.1 --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 1.2 --- Food and functional food --- p.2
Chapter 1.3 --- Edible legumes as an important food --- p.4
Chapter 1.4 --- Nutritional an extra-nutritional values of V. sinensis seeds --- p.5
Chapter Chapter Two: --- Purification of phenolic antioxidants from V. sinensis seeds
Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.11
Chapter 2.1.1 --- Reactive oxygen species and antioxidants --- p.12
Chapter 2.1.2 --- Phenolic flavonoids --- p.15
Chapter 2.2 --- Materials and Methods
Chapter 2.2.1 --- Chemicals and reagents --- p.24
Chapter 2.2.2 --- Plant material --- p.25
Chapter 2.2.3 --- Optimization and extraction of V. sinensis seeds constituents --- p.25
Chapter 2.2.4 --- Chromatographic separation of phenolic components --- p.26
Chapter 2.2.5 --- Determination of phenolic contents --- p.27
Chapter 2.2.6 --- Determination of free radical scavenging ability using trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assay --- p.28
Chapter 2.2.7 --- Statistical analysis --- p.29
Chapter 2.3 --- Results and Discussion
Chapter 2.3.1 --- Optimization on the extraction of V. sinensis seeds --- p.30
Chapter 2.3.2 --- Extraction and fractionation of V. sinensis seeds constituents --- p.31
Chapter 2.3.3 --- Yield of various V sinensis seed fractions --- p.31
Chapter 2.3.4 --- Phenolic contents in various V. sinensis seed fractions --- p.32
Chapter 2.3.5 --- Free radical scavenging abilities of various V sinensis seed fractions --- p.33
Chapter Chapter Three: --- Effect of V. sinensis seed extract on high fat and cholesterol - feeding mice
Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.41
Chapter 3.1.1 --- Cholesterol in bloodstream circulation --- p.42
Chapter 3.1.2 --- "Relationship between LDL oxidation, atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease" --- p.43
Chapter 3.1.3 --- Diet supplements with beneficial effects on preventing coronary heart disease --- p.44
Chapter 3.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.47
Chapter 3.2.1 --- Chemicals and reagents --- p.47
Chapter 3.2.2 --- Preparation of diets --- p.48
Chapter 3.2.3 --- Animals --- p.48
Chapter 3.2.4 --- Feeding experiments --- p.49
Chapter 3.2.5 --- Post-feeding analysis --- p.50
Chapter 3.2.5.1 --- Caecal content and health indices --- p.50
Chapter 3.2.5.2 --- Serum triglycerides --- p.51
Chapter 3.2.5.3 --- Serum total cholesterol --- p.52
Chapter 3.2.5.4 --- High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol --- p.53
Chapter 3.2.5.5 --- Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol --- p.54
Chapter 3.2.5.6 --- Hepatic lipid and cholesterol --- p.55
Chapter 3.2.6 --- Statistical analysis --- p.55
Chapter 3.3 --- Results and Discussion --- p.56
Chapter 3.3.1 --- Food intakes and body weights of animals --- p.56
Chapter 3.3.2 --- Caecal contents and health indices --- p.56
Chapter 3.3.3 --- Effects of V sinensis seed extract on serum and hepatic levels of triglycerides and cholesterol --- p.57
Chapter Chapter Four: --- Antiproliferative activities of V. sinensis seed extracts
Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.66
Chapter 4.1.1 --- Cancer and antioxidant --- p.67
Chapter 4.1.2 --- Dietary cancer prevention agents --- p.68
Chapter 4.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.71
Chapter 4.2.1 --- Chemicals and reagents --- p.71
Chapter 4.2.2 --- Cell lines --- p.71
Chapter 4.2.3 --- Maintenance of cell lines --- p.72
Chapter 4.2.4 --- Antiproliferation assays --- p.73
Chapter 4.2.4.1 --- MTT assay --- p.73
Chapter 4.2.4.2 --- BrdU assay --- p.73
Chapter 4.2.5 --- Cytotoxic activity determined by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay --- p.77
Chapter 4.2.6 --- Time-course assay --- p.79
Chapter 4.2.7 --- Determination of IC50 --- p.79
Chapter 4.2.8 --- Statistical analysis --- p.79
Chapter 4.3 --- Results and Discussion --- p.80
Chapter 4.3.1 --- Antiproliferative activities of V. sinensis seed extracts on HepG2 cells --- p.80
Chapter 4.3.2 --- Cytotoxic activities of V. sinensis seed extracts on HepG2 cells --- p.82
Chapter 4.3.3 --- Antiproliferative activities of phenolic fraction on MCF-7cells --- p.83
Chapter 4.3.4 --- Cytotoxic activity of phenolic fraction on MCF-7 cells --- p.84
Chapter 4.3.5 --- Time-course study of antiproliferative activities of phenolic fraction on cancer cells --- p.85
Chapter 4.3.6 --- Effect of phenolic fraction on normal cells --- p.86
Chapter Chapter Five: --- Antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of selected content flavonoids from V. sinensis seeds
Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.93
Chapter 5.1.1 --- Cell cycle progression and regulation --- p.94
Chapter 5.1.2 --- Bioavailability of plant flavonoids --- p.96
Chapter 5.1.3 --- Characterization of flavonoids in V. sinensis seed --- p.98
Chapter 5.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.102
Chapter 5.2.1 --- Chemicals and reagents --- p.102
Chapter 5.2.2 --- Determination of free radical scavenging ability of identified flavonoids from V sinensis seeds using trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assay --- p.103
Chapter 5.2.3 --- Antiproliferation assays --- p.104
Chapter 5.2.4 --- Cytotoxicity assay --- p.104
Chapter 5.2.5 --- Time-course assay --- p.104
Chapter 5.2.6 --- Determination of cell cycle distribution by flow cytometry --- p.105
Chapter 5.2.7 --- Statistical analysis --- p.106
Chapter 5.3 --- Results and Discussion --- p.107
Chapter 5.3.1 --- Free radical scavenging abilities of identified flavonoids from V sinensis seeds --- p.107
Chapter 5.3.2 --- Antiproliferative activities of selected flavonoids on cancer cells --- p.109
Chapter 5.3.3 --- Cytotoxic activities of selected flavonoids on cancer cells --- p.111
Chapter 5.3.4 --- Time -course study of antiproliferative activities on cancer cells --- p.112
Chapter 5.3.5 --- Cytotoxic activities of selected flavonoids on normal cells --- p.114
Chapter 5.3.6 --- Determination of the effects of cyanidin on cancer cells by analyzing cell cycle pattern --- p.115
Chapter Chapter Six: --- Conclusion --- p.128
References --- p.131

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45

Chang, Jen. "Studies of cytokinin metabolism and translocation in relation to leaf senescence and seed development of leguminous plants." Phd thesis, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/142255.

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46

Li, Bing-Hong, and 李炳宏. "Studies on the constituents of the legume (seeds, arils, pods) and flowersof Cassia Fistula L." Thesis, 1993. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/79936755229418299419.

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47

Codeço, Sara Cristina Queirós Magalhães Sá. "Promoting grain legume seeds in animal feeding: unveiling the nutritive value and phytochemicals of European varieties." Doctoral thesis, 2017. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/108943.

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48

Codeço, Sara Cristina Queirós Magalhães Sá. "Promoting grain legume seeds in animal feeding: unveiling the nutritive value and phytochemicals of European varieties." Tese, 2017. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/108943.

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49

Mashifane, Dipoo Charity. "The effect of chemomutagenesis on root nodulation and seed protein in tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius)." Diss., 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/1147.

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Abstract:

MSCAGR (Plant Production)
Department of Plant Production
Tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius) is an important food legume originating from South America and the South-western parts of the United States. The crop is produced in many countries worldwide including South Africa. It is highly tolerant to drought and the seed contains a wide range of vitamins, minerals and protein of high nutritional quality. The genetic base of tepary bean is narrow but can be widened by chemical mutagenesis. However, there are no reports on the impact of chemical mutagenesis on the root nodulation and seed storage proteins in tepary bean. Therefore, this study was designed to examine root nodulation attributes and seed storage proteins of three tepary bean genotypes in the early mutagenic generations (M2 to M4) derived through treatment with varying doses (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 v/v) of ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS). The experiment on root nodulation attributes was laid out as a 3 x 5 x 3 (genotypes x EMS doses x mutant generations) factorial design replicated three times. At harvest, shoot height (SHT), primary root length (PRL), dry weights (shoot, root and nodule), number of nodules per plant (NNP) and grain yield components such as the number of pods per plant (NPP) and number of seeds per pod (NSP) were measured. Highly significant (P≤0.01) dose effects were observed for SHT, PRL, shoot dry weight (SDW) and root dry weight (RDW). Highly significant (P≤0.01) interaction effects of mutant generation x genotype x dose were observed for NSP. A highly significant (P≤0.01) positive linear relationship was observed between the NNP and nodule dry weight (NDW). Increase in the PRL suggested that tepary bean mutants could be important in drought tolerance. EMS treatment led to an enhanced partitioning of dry matter (assimilates) to the shoots and roots. There was a three fold increase in most of the root nodulation traits at the 0.5% EMS dose.The Kjeldahl method was used for crude protein determination whereas the sodium dodecyl sulphate – polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS PAGE) was utilized in determining the protein banding patterns of the bean. There were highly significant (P≤0.01) differences among the genotypes in crude protein accumulation. Highly significant (P≤0.01) mutant generation x genotype x dose were observed for seed protein accumulation. ‘Genotype 3’ attained the highest protein content (24.23%) at 1.5% EMS dose in the M4 generation. EMS doses ≥0.5% positively stimulated protein accumulation in all genotypes but high EMS doses (2.0%) depressed protein content. There were significant variations in seed storage protein profiles among the genotypes and mutant generations. ‘Genotype 6’ showed a distinct 15.0kDa protein fragment which was absent in the majority of the remaining genotypes. The presence of distinct protein subunits in the three genotypes could be used in varietal
NRF

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50

"Evaluation of antioxidant activities and protective effects on oxygen-radical-generated DNA damage of selected legume seeds." 2000. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5890538.

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Abstract:

Chan Chi Chung.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 100-109).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Acknowledgements --- p.i
Abstract --- p.ii
List of Abbreviations --- p.v
List of Tables --- p.vi
List of Figures --- p.vii
Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- "Free radicals, oxidative stress and antioxidants" --- p.2
Chapter 1.1.1 --- Free radical and ROS --- p.2
Chapter 1.1.2 --- Oxidative stress --- p.6
Chapter 1.1.3 --- Antioxidants --- p.8
Chapter 1.2 --- Plant as a source of antioxidants --- p.13
Chapter 1.2.1 --- Common food sources of antioxidants --- p.13
Chapter 1.2.2 --- Legume seeds as antioxidant sources --- p.15
Chapter 1.3 --- Methods used to evaluate the antioxidant activity --- p.16
Chapter 1.3.1 --- β-carotene bleaching method --- p.17
Chapter 1.3.2 --- DPPH. scavenging method --- p.17
Chapter 1.3.3 --- High-performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) --- p.18
Chapter 1.3.4 --- Single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) --- p.20
Chapter 1.4 --- Objectives of the study --- p.22
Chapter 2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.23
Chapter 2.1 --- Plant materials and chemicals --- p.23
Chapter 2.2 --- Sample preparation --- p.23
Chapter 2.3 --- Determination of antioxidant activity using β-carotene bleaching method --- p.24
Chapter 2.4 --- Evaluation of free radical scavenging ability --- p.26
Chapter 2.5 --- HPLC separation of seed extract --- p.27
Chapter 2.6 --- Evaluation of protective effects of legumes on the DNA damage using the comet assay --- p.28
Chapter 2.6.1 --- Preparation of reagents --- p.28
Chapter 2.6.2 --- Blood sample --- p.29
Chapter 2.6.3 --- Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) treatment --- p.29
Chapter 2.6.4 --- Ethidium bromide-acridine orange (Et-Ac) viability determination --- p.31
Chapter 2.6.5 --- Slide preparation --- p.31
Chapter 2.6.6 --- Alkaline comet assay --- p.31
Chapter 2.6.7 --- Quantification of DNA damage --- p.33
Chapter 2.6.8 --- Statistical analysis --- p.33
Chapter 3 --- Results --- p.40
Chapter 3.1 --- General description of 24 selected legume seeds --- p.40
Chapter 3.1 --- Determination of antioxidant activity using β-carotene bleaching method --- p.40
Chapter 3.2 --- Evaluation of free radical scavenging ability --- p.43
Chapter 3.3 --- Evaluation of protective effects of legumes on the DNA damage using the comet assay --- p.45
Chapter 3.3.1 --- Optimal assay conditions --- p.46
Chapter 3.3.2 --- Protective effects of seed extract and vitamin C --- p.47
Chapter 3.3.3 --- Effects of heat treatment on the protective effect --- p.48
Chapter 4 --- Discussion --- p.84
Chapter 4.1 --- Methanolic extraction --- p.84
Chapter 4.2 --- Antioxidant activities determined with β-carotene bleaching method and DPPH' scavenging method --- p.84
Chapter 4.3 --- Evaluation of protective effects of legumes on the DNA damage using the comet assay --- p.93
Chapter 4.3.1 --- H202-mediated DNA damage --- p.93
Chapter 4.3.2 --- Protective effects of seed extracts and vitamin C --- p.94
Chapter 5 --- Conclusion --- p.98
References --- p.100

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