Relevant bibliographies by topics / Legislative council

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'Legislative council'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 August 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Legislative council"

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Kusumah, Riva Rachmi, and Syamsul Bahri Siregar. "PENGUATAN FUNGSI PENGAWASAN OLEH DEWAN PERWAKILAN RAKYAT DAERAH (DPRD) TERHADAP EFEKTIFITAS PERATURAN DAERAH." Yustitia 8, no. 2 (October 15, 2022): 182–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.31943/yustitia.v8i2.166.

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Local People's Representative Council (DPRD) In Local Government Legislation and Regional Legislative Institutions. One of the most esential issues of democracy’s results in Indonesian constitutional platform is the local legislature, so popularly known as the LocalPeople's Representative Council (DPRD). The key of the success in organizing local government is the capability of the Local People's Representative Council (DPRD) in conducting the three basic functions and plus, namely legislating, budgeting, supervising, and plus representing, simultaneously, proportionally and continously. In the future times, it is urgent to strengthen the structure and institutional capacity of the Local People's Representative Council (DPRD) by means of three agenda, that is (i) to redefine and toconsolidate the position of the Local People's Representative Council (DPRD) as a legislature; (ii) to reinforce the authority of the Local People's Representative Council (DPRD); and (iii) to maximize the capacity of the Local People's Representative Council (DPRD) in performing its all functions. To that end, it is urgent to take an effort in revising Law of 32/2004 and Law of 27/2009. "
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Cassidy, J. "American Legislative Exchange Council." BMJ 343, no. 02 1 (November 2, 2011): d6916. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.d6916.

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Serdynskiy, V. S. "Judicial self-government in Ukraine (in the context of European standards)." ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF THE LEGAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE CONDITIONS OF WAR AND THE POST-WAR RECONSTRUCTION OF THE STATE, no. 13 (October 1, 2022): 412–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.33663/2524-017x-2022-13-65.

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The relevance of the issue of proper functioning of judicial self-government, its important role in protecting the independence of the judiciary and the professional interests of judges is not in doubt today. In this article, the author analyzed the organizational forms of judicial self-government in Ukraine, in accordance with the current legislation of our country. At the same time, the article pays special attention to the recommendations of the Advisory Council of European Judges, which analyzed the organization and empowerment of judicial councils in various European countries. It also provided its recommendations on the composition of such councils of judges, as well as an approximate list of powers that should be given to such councils. The article draws attention to the existence of associations of judges, which also stand for the protection of the professional interests of judges and the protection of the independence of the judiciary. The author concludes that the national legislation on judicial self-government is sufficiently in line with European standards on this issue, but warned that in case of legislative changes, or improvement of this institution, care should be taken of legislative and practical reform of the judiciary. The introduction of inconsistent legislative changes is otherwise detrimental to the judiciary and its perception by civil society. Key words: Judicial Council, Judicial Self-Government, Independence of Judges.
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Forcese, Craig. "Hegemonic Federalism: The Democratic Implications of the UN Security Council's "Legislative" Phase." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 38, no. 2 (August 1, 2007): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v38i2.5519.

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Several recent UN Security Council antiterrorism resolutions amount to legislation for the international community. The Security Council's new approach raises real predicaments for those states that, in their domestic system of government, are democracies. Not least, the Council risks disturbing the carefully balanced features of liberal democracy, including the very separation of powers on which functioning democracies are built. The article that follows explores this contention, with a particular focus on the implications of Security Council action for Canadian democracy. It concludes that the Security Council's legislative phase creates a new species of international/domestic legal interface, perhaps best described as "hegemonic federalism" – that is, a system in which the Security Council asserts plenary lawproject authority over the Canadian federal executive, which in turn responds with direct implementation of the international resolution or strongly encourages (and in majority Parliaments likely ensures) compliance by Parliament.
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Roshanzadeh, Javad, and Seyed Ahmad Habibnejad. "LEGISLATIVE RESTRICTIONS OF THE ISLAMIC CONSULTATIVE ASSEMBLY DUE TO THE LEGISLATIVE JURISDICTION OF OTHER AUTHORITIES IN THE PROCEDURE OF THE GUARDIAN COUNCIL." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 7, no. 6 (December 19, 2019): 813–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.76123.

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Purposes: In the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, in accordance with Article 71, legislation is the responsibility of the Islamic Consultative Assembly and has general jurisdiction which does not mean that the Islamic Consultative Assembly has no restrictions on legislation, but has limitations in terms of the various Constitutional principles including, the exclusive and particular jurisdiction of other authorities to legislate the law. The Islamic Consultative Assembly cannot legislate in the jurisdiction of these institutions. In the Constitution, a series of authorities have got the right to legislate. Methodology: Using an analytical descriptive method, the present article seeks to examine the question of what are the legislative constraints of the Islamic Republic Consultative Assembly in the Guardian Council's procedure. Results: In the procedure of the Guardian Council, other authorities, such as the Assembly of Experts of the Leadership, the Expediency Discernment Council of the system, the Supreme National Security Council, the Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution, etc. have found the right to legislate. In other words, this general jurisdiction has been assigned in a way. Implications/Applications: The application of this study is to introduce the laws of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The exercise of this jurisdiction by the Islamic Consultative Assembly has a framework that cannot be explained except by referring to the Constitutional principles Novelty/Originality: In the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, due to the nature and type of government and the particular aspirations pursued, other legislative authorities include the Assembly of Experts, the Expediency Council, the Supreme National Security Council. It is accepted that by referring to the views of the Guardian Council as the Constitutional body, they have protected them in cases where the jurisdiction of these authorities has been invaded.
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Williams, Paul D. "Queensland’s quandary." Queensland Review 29, no. 1 (December 26, 2022): 36–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/qre.23431.

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Just as Queensland commemorated the centenary anniversary of the abolition of the state’s Legislative Council, the Labor government under Premier Annastacia Palaszczuk, a ‘strong’ leader during the contemporaneous COVID-19 pandemic, found itself embroiled in the most serious integrity quagmire of its seven-year history. Given Queensland’s long history of ‘strong’ – even autocratic – political leadership and compromised government integrity, this article posits three arguments: that the abolition of the Legislative Council and a century of political excess in Queensland since 1922 are broadly related; that legislation in Queensland remains largely ‘executive-made’ and not ‘parliament-made’ law; and that the presence of a democratically elected Legislative Council after 1922 would have mitigated if not prevented much of Queensland’s political excess over the past one hundred years. The article also offers a model for a reintroduced Legislative Council that, given electoral distaste for ‘more politicians’, is unlikely to be approved at referendum.
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Prasetyo, Iwan Kurniawan, Humaira Azzahra, and Khazanatul Huda. "The Authority Of The DPR On The Appointment and Dismissal of Constitutional Judges." Andalas Law Journal 8, no. 1 (July 28, 2023): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/alj.v8i1.43.

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Based on the 1945 Constitution, 3 institutions are authorized to appoint constitutional judges, including the Representative Council, Supreme Court, and the President. In the event that the dismissal of constitutional judges can be carried out if they have fulfilled the criteria contained in article 23 of Law No.7/2020. Paragraph (4) of the same article confirms that those with authority to dismiss a constitutional judge are the Chief Justices of the Constitutional Court and the President. However, in 2022 there is a polemic, namely the form of intervention against the dismissal of constitutional judges carried out by one of the legislative bodies, namely the Representative Council of Indonesia, which is a big question mark. What kind of authority does the Representative Council have as a legislature over the CC? Is this action justifiable and in accordance with applicable law? This legal research with a normative juridical approach examines secondary data in books, journals, and legislation as a reference. The result of this study indicates that the Representative Council’s over CC as contained in the 1945 Constitutions is very limited in proposing 3 candidates for constitutional judges and has no authority at all to dismiss them. The Representative Counsil’'s decision to dismiss constitutional judges is an act of offending the principle of the independence of the Constitutional Court and has no legal basis.
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Ryu, Ji Woong. "A Study on the Legislative Participation of Local Governments in Switzerland and Germany." European Constitutional Law Association 41 (April 30, 2023): 567–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.21592/eucj.2023.41.567.

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The purpose of this study is to compare the legal systems of Switzerland and Germany to expand the participation of local governments in legislation in Korea. Today, opinions and participation of local governments are expanding through the strengthening of local autonomy and the expansion of decentralization. Currently, in Korea, local governments can indirectly present their opinions, participate in public hearings, hearings, etc. through the Local Autonomy Act, the National Assembly Act, and the legislative operation regulations, and these procedures remain objects, not subjects. In order to improve this, it is necessary to analyze the legal systems of Switzerland and Germany, where local governments and local government associations are actively participating as legislators and related parties in relation to autonomy, and review their implications for Korea. In the case of Switzerland, Kenton is widely recognized for his participation in legislation. To this end, the federal constitution stipulates in detail. Legislative participation is also recognized by expanding diplomatic affairs, and strong legislative participation is promoted through the right to request a referendum, and similar to Germany, federal senators can be formed as representatives of Canton to participate in parliamentary legislation. Looking at the characteristics of the legislative participation systems of Swiss and German local governments, the following characteristics are shown. First, legislative participation in the central government and the National Assembly is very actively recognized. On the other hand, in Germany, local governments and associations of local governments generally recognize limited and passive participation in legislation in the National Assembly. However, as a supplement to this, local governments are actively realizing legislative participation in the National Assembly through the exercise of members of the Federal Council or the right to vote. In Switzerland and Germany, the scope of affairs related to local governments is widely recognized for the scope of legislation that local governments and local government councils can participate in, but legislative participation is not limited to legislation, but even zero, rules, and plans are recognized. In order for local governments and local government councils to actively present their opinions on local autonomy and improve the legal system, including legislative participation by local governments It is thought that allowing the heads of local governments at the same national level to participate in actual state legislation and policies as State Council members could be a way to expand the institutional guarantees of local governments guaranteed under the constitution.
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Nirahua, Garciano. "Kedudukan dan Pelaksanaan Fungsi Legislasi Dewan Perwakilan Daerah Pasca Putusan Mahkamah Kontitusi Nomor 79/PUU-XII/2014." SASI 26, no. 3 (September 21, 2020): 356. http://dx.doi.org/10.47268/sasi.v26i3.309.

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The Local Representative Council is one of barometers of reformation success in Indonesian state administration. as the Local Representative Council becomes a new legislative institution that will strengthen and work closely with previously-established legislative institutions (People's Representative Council). This study aims to: (1) find out and identify the status of legislation function of Local Representative Council based on the regulation after the decision of Constitutional Court; and (2) find out and identify the implementation of legislation function of Local Representative Council based on the regulation after the decision of Constitutional Court. The research method used normative research with a statute approach and a conceptual approach and analyzed descriptive qualitative. The results show that the constitutional authority of Indonesian Local Representative Council as a legislator institution is still very weak. Since the decision of Constitutional Court was read, from normative perspective, there is no any legislation change, either in planning, proposing, or discussing the regulation draft in the Indonesian Parliament, related to the authority of Indonesian Local Representative.
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Salih, Kamal Osman. "The 1938 Kuwait legislative council." Middle Eastern Studies 28, no. 1 (January 1992): 66–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00263209208700890.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Legislative council"

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Nambadi, Aaron Haufiku. "The Kavango Legislative Council 1970-1979: a critical analysis." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2007. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_4885_1257926790.

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Namibia was under South African rule until March 1990. On 11 September 1962, the Odendaal Commission was set up by the State President of South Africa to enquire into the welfare and progress of all the inhabitants of South West Africa, particularly the African people. The Commission was required to make recommendations for the development of the various African people inside and outside their designated areas. The outcome of the Commission was the division of South West Africa into ten designated areas for the various native nations. These areas later became the homelands for the Africans in South West Africa. This thesis was concerned with examining the Kavango Legislative Council, its constitution, its powers, the role of the traditional authorities within the body, and the legislation passed by the Council.

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Hoffman, Charles. "The abolition of the legislative council of Nova Scotia, 1925-1928." Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=106615.

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From 1758 to 1928, Nova Scotia had a bicameral Legislature made up of the House of Assembly and the Legislative Council. In the period following Confederation, the Legislative Council came under increasing fire as unnecessary, expensive, and anachronistic. Yet, for a period of half a century, all efforts to abolish it failed. Following the landslide Conservative victory in the provincial election of 1925, however, incoming Premier Edgar Nelson Rhodes led a crusade to abolish the Legislative Council once and for all, a crusade that ultimately led to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in Westminster. Armed with a Privy Council opinion permitting him to dismiss existing members of the Legislative Council and appoint an unlimited number of replacements, on February 24, 1928, Rhodes was able to push through an abolition bill. At the end of the 1928 session, the Legislative Council ceased to exist, its powers devolved upon the House of Assembly and Lieutenant-Governor. This thesis examines the history of this battle, including the nature of the Nova Scotia constitution, Rhodes' initial push for abolition, his appeal to Ottawa when that proved unsuccessful, the litigation before the Supreme Court of Nova Scotia and the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, and the final abolition of the Legislative Council.
De 1758 à 1928, la Nouvelle-Écosse a eu une législature bicamérale constituée de la Chambre d'assemblée et du Conseil législatif. Au cours de la période suivant la Confédération, le Conseil législatif fut incessamment attaqué, accusé d'être inutile, coûteux et anachronique. Cela étant, durant une période d'un demi-siècle, tous les efforts pour l'abolir faillirent. Suite à l'écrasante victoire des Conservateurs aux élections provinciales de 1925, cependant, le Premier Ministre entrant Edgar Nelson Rhodes lança une croisade pour abolir définitivement le Conseil législatif, qui arriva jusqu'au comité judiciaire du Conseil privé à Westminster. Armé d'une opinion du Conseil privé lui permettant de démettre les membres existants du Conseil législatif et de nommer un nombre illimité de remplaçants, Rhodes put faire voter un projet de loi d'abolition le 24 février 1928. A la fin de la session législative de 1928, le Conseil législatif cessa d'exister, et ses pouvoirs furent dévolus à la Chambre d'assemblée et au lieutenant-gouverneur. Ce mémoire étudie l'histoire de cette bataille et se penche notamment sur la nature de la constitution de Nouvelle-Écosse, l'impulsion initiale donnée par Rhodes à la bataille pour l'abolition, son appel à Ottawa lorsque l'impulsion initiale fut infructueuse, le litige à la Cour suprême de Nouvelle-Écosse et au comité judiciaire du Conseil privé, et enfin sur l'abolition finale du Conseil législatif.
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何潔雲 and Kit-wan Ho. "The role of the Legislative Council in the Daya Bay controversy." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1988. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31975367.

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Ho, Kit-wan. "The role of the Legislative Council in the Daya Bay controversy." [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1988. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B1235532X.

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Cheng, Ying-fat, and 鄭英發. "A study of election survey results of 1991 Legislative Council Direct Election." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1993. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31977285.

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Chung, Lung-shan Peter, and 鍾龍山. "Official language policy in Hong Kong: with particular reference to the Legislative Council." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B26765743.

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Pang, Wai-lan Joice, and 彭慧蘭. "A study of the accountability of the government to the legislative council in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31965040.

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Ip, Sum-ming, and 葉深銘. "Sir G.F. Bowen and the reform of the Hong Kong Legislative Council, 1883-1885 =." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B38642414.

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Daneels, Isabelle. "Democracy in Palestine? : an evaluation of the experience of the Legislative Council 1996-1998." Thesis, Durham University, 1999. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1529/.

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Pang, Wai-lan Joice. "A study of the accountability of the government to the legislative council in Hong Kong." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B17507960.

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Books on the topic "Legislative council"

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Ravīndar, Durgaṃ. Śāsana maṇḍali: Legislative council. Haidarābād: Suparṇa Pablikēṣans, 2005.

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Jha, Amar Kumar. Chairman, Bihar Legislative Council. Patna: Jagjivan Ram Institute of Parliamentary Studies and Political Research, 1999.

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Western Australia. Parliament. Legislative Council. and Western Australian Electoral Commission, eds. Candidates guide: Legislative council. Australia: Western Australia Electoral Commission, 2004.

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Grover, Verinder. Legislative council in state legislatures. New Delhi: Deep & Deep Publications, 1989.

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Kerns, David V. Florida Legislative Council and Legislative Reference Bureau: 1947-1971. Tallahassee, Fla: The Compiler, 2009.

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System, Colorado General Assembly Legislative Council Committee on Adult Criminal Justice. Colorado Legislative Council recommendations for 1988: Legislative Council report to the Colorado General Assembly. [Denver, Colo.]: The Council, 1987.

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Development, Colorado General Assembly Legislative Council Committee on Economic. Colorado Legislative Council recommendations for 1988: Legislative Council report to the Colorado General Assembly. [Denver, Colo.]: The Council, 1987.

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Commissions, Colorado General Assembly Legislative Council Committee on Boards and. Colorado Legislative Council recommendations for 1991: Legislative Council report to the Colorado General Assembly. [Denver, Colo.]: The Assembly, 1990.

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Colorado. General Assembly. Legislative Council. Committee on Juvenile Offenders. Colorado Legislative Council recommendations for 1989: Legislative Council report to the Colorado General Assembly. [Denver, Colo.]: The Council, 1988.

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Colorado. General Assembly. Legislative Council. Committee on Family Issues and Rights. Colorado Legislative Council recommendations for 1991: Legislative Council report to the Colorado General Assembly. [Denver, Colo.]: The Assembly, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Legislative council"

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Chaisty, Paul. "The Federation Council." In Legislative Politics and Economic Power in Russia, 103–21. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230501690_4.

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Machobane, L. B. B. J. "The Establishment of the Legislative Council." In Government and Change in Lesotho, 1800–1966, 234–65. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20906-4_6.

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Chan, Eric. "The Legislative Council of Hong Kong." In Routledge Handbook of Asian Parliaments, 158–77. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003109402-12.

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Wessels, Wolfgang. "The Area of Freedom, Security and Justice: Pre-Constitutional and Pre-Legislative Functions." In The European Council, 227–36. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-54335-6_15.

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Loukacheva, Natalia. "The Arctic Council and Its “Legislative” Activities." In The Routledge Handbook of Polar Law, 356–65. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003404828-27.

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Teelucksingh, Jerome. "Labour’s Voices in the Legislative Council, 1925–1938." In Labour and the Decolonization Struggle in Trinidad and Tobago, 83–115. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137462336_5.

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"Legislative Council." In Another Disaster. I.B.Tauris, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9780755624614.ch-020.

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"The Legislative Council." In The Life of Captain Cipriani, 181–93. Duke University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/9780822376866-012.

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"The Legislative Council." In The Life of Captain Cipriani, 181–93. Duke University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv11313pf.15.

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"The Legislative Council." In Confederation Debates in the Province of Canada, 1865, 1–18. McGill-Queen's University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9780773576032-003.

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Conference papers on the topic "Legislative council"

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Haruni, Catur Wido, M. Khoidin, Widodo Ekatjahyana, and Aries Harianto. "Proportionality of the Regional Representative Council in Legislative Function." In International Conference on Law Reform (INCLAR 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200226.036.

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Rasul, Hewa. "organizing legislative initiative in kurdistan region." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF DEFICIENCIES AND INFLATION ASPECTS IN LEGISLATION. University of Human Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdicdial.pp141-151.

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The regulation of the legislative initiative is one of the sensitive and important issues in the field of regulating the relations between the three authorities in the state, especially the legislative and executive authorities, and that is why we find that the majority of countries dealt with it in their constitutions through general constitutional principles, because the constitution determines and regulates the powers of the authorities, in the Kurdistan Region not We have a constitution at the time of writing this research, and that is why the Kurdish legislator was forced to deal with it through the ordinary laws and the internal system of the Parliament of Kurdistan, and this is what made it subject to many changes during the past thirty years. This competence, for example, in light of the abolished internal system of Parliament, the Council of Ministers in the region had the competence of two types of legislative initiative, namely, the submission of draft laws as well as draft legislative decisions. He was left with nothing but the right to present draft laws, and these many changes led to a state of instability in the organization of this jurisdiction Which is an important part of the legislative process, and based on this, we took the initiative to write this research in order to show how to organize it in the light of the developments that took place in this field at the level of different countries and in a way that serves the stability of relations between the authorities in the region.
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Kochkarov, Ruslan, and Zulfiya Chochueva. "Legal mechanisms for countering the financing of terrorism." In East – West: Practical Approaches to Countering Terrorism and Preventing Violent Extremism. Dela Press Publishing House, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56199/dpcshss.iyia7043.

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The financing of terrorism, as an illegal criminal act, was first proposed at the international level in the United Nations Declaration of 1994. The idea was further developed in United Nations Security Council Resolution No. 1373 adopted in 2001. This document obliged all member states of the UN Security Council to introduce into their criminal legislation norms governing prosecution for activities related to the provision or collection of funds to finance terrorism. This study aims to analyze the corpus delicti of terrorist financing and investigate the need to introduce this article into the legislation of the Russian Federation. Modern times are characterized by the high growth of terrorist crimes, involvement in terrorist groups, and financing this criminal activity. The problem of combating terrorism is international. Countering this phenomenon and strengthening international cooperation to maintain the rule of law and legal order has been relevant for the past few decades. The authors of the research work consider the obligations of the Russian Federation arising from the requirements of the international community and the international legal framework. International cooperation allowed to establish the official recognition of the financing of terrorism at the legislative level as criminal and punishable.
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Paiva, Isabel, and Romão B. Trindade. "The Impact of Council Directive 2011/70/EURATOM and IAEA Joint Convention Review Meetings on the Ongoing Establishment of the Portuguese Regulatory Framework and on the Future of National Radioactive Waste." In ASME 2013 15th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2013-96145.

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Council Directive 2011/70/EURATOM of 19 July 2011, establishing a Community framework for the responsible and safe management of spent fuel and radioactive waste will enter in force August 2013 in all EU Member States. Portugal has already started preparing its legislative framework to accommodate the new legislative piece. However, the first report of Portugal to the Joint Convention on the Safety of Spent Fuel Management and on the Safety of Radioactive Waste Management of the IAEA, in Vienna, 2012, has shown that Portugal still has many steps to overcome to establish a successful and effective basic regulatory framework. The existence of many competent authorities related to the radiological protection area and a newly independent commission that is still looking on how to fulfill its regulator role in other areas such as the radioactive waste management makes quite challenging the full application of the new directive as well as compliance that Portugal will have to show in the next Joint Convention review meeting in order to meet the obligations of the Convention. In this paper, the reality of the regulatory Portuguese framework on radiological protection, nuclear safety and radioactive waste management is presented. Discussion of the future impact of the new legislation and its consequences such as the need to setup the national program on radioactive waste management is critical discussed.
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Balážová, Pavla. "GREEN DESIGN AND EDUCATION OF STUDENTS AT UNIVERSITIES IN THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC." In GEOLINKS Conference Proceedings. Saima Consult Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2021/b2/v3/42.

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"Buildings represent a sector with huge energy consumption. It is necessary to reduce this consumption, therefore green buildings have become a global trend in recent years. Green Building Councils in various countries, which are members of World Green Building Council global network, develop and administer many of the world’s ratings tools. World Green Building Council was founded in 1998. There are four predominate ranking systems: LED, BREEAM, GREEN STAR and CASBEE. Slovak Green Building Council was established in November 2010. The first green building in the Slovak Republic received LEED certification in 2012. In the paper it is referred to about 17 new and in-use green buildings in Slovakia which received in period 2012-2019 LEED or BREEAM certifications. In fact, there are more green buildings in Slovakia, where there is still the huge potential in applying a green concept in the sector of existing residential buildings and the public buildings sector. There is a lack of legislative and financial support instruments for green buildings in Slovakia, which are under the consideration and do not exist in practice. The BBC 1 Plus – Offices in Bratislava, the first certified green office building in Slovakia, which received in 2012 the second-highest certification – LEED Gold, is described and analysed in details. The necessity of improving the education process in the green design and sustainable architecture of students at Faculties of Civil Engineering and Faculties of Architecture is outlined. The plans for how it is possible to achieve it are presented."
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Jarjis Khalaf Saleh, Firas, and Saja Omar Al Amr. "Conflict of Legislative and Judicial Jurisdiction in Electronic Contract Disputes - A Comparative Study." In II. Alanya International Congress of Social Sciences. Rimar Academy, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/alanyacongress2-10.

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Contracts and deals are concluded through the Internet using computers, laptops, or any other electronic device. These contracts have been increasing day after day, and have been able to overcome the barriers of space and time by reaching most global markets in moments without moving across borders, but rather through websites. And browse through it. The electronic contract is a contract that knows no borders, which poses difficulties regarding determining the moment of its conclusion and the place of its holding, especially in the event of a difference in the nationality of the contracting parties. This led to a problem regarding determining the law applicable to these contracts, which are characterized by privacy because they are concluded via the Internet and the virtual contract council. Also, the connection between the conflict of laws and the conflict of jurisdiction has led to problems in determining the court competent to hear disputes related to these contracts, as these two issues are related to the electronic contract tainted by a foreign element.
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Vilić, Vida. "Criminal Law Protection of Personality: Implementation of Council of Europe's Convention on Cybercrime No. 185 of 2001 Into Serbian Legislative." In Sinteza 2016. Belgrade, Serbia: Singidunum University, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.15308/sinteza-2016-66-73.

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Milosavljević, Miroslav, Isidora Milošević, and Jelena Milosavljevic. "Evropsko društvo – nova pravna forma privrednog društva u uslužnom pravu Republike Srbije." In XVI Majsko savetovanje. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/upk20.875m.

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The aim of the research is the European society, as a new legal form of the company, introduced into the legal system of the Republic of Serbia by the Law on Amendments to the Law on Business Enterprises, adopted in mid-2018. This legislative activity is the harmonization of the legislation of the Republic of Serbia with the acquis communautaire in the process of joining this significant European association. The paper examines and analyzes the notion of European society, the way of its establishment, management and termination, as well as other important issues that are necessary for a comprehensive overview of the legal position and role of this society in our legal system. The research uses primarily a normative method by analyzing legal solutions relating to the European society, as well as a comparative method by which the solutions contained in our law are compared with the solutions from the Council Regulation (EC) on the Statute of the European societies. At the end of the work, an appropriate conclusion was given indicating the significant benefits that such a legal form of a business (stock) society could bring to our economy.
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Kurniasari, Ni Gusti Ayu Ketut, Eni Maryani, Dadang Sugiana, and Evie Ariadne Dewi. "The Existence of Balinese Hindu Women in the Aspect of Political Communication Study at Bali Women's Hindu Politician in Bali Provincial People's Legislative Council." In Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Multidisciplinary and Its Applications Part 1, WMA-01 2018, 19-20 January 2018, Aceh, Indonesia. EAI, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.20-1-2018.2281880.

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Forejtová, Monika. "Nad poslední směrnicí EU v oblasti terorismu: Nová směrnice Evropského parlamentu a Rady (EU) 2017/541 ze dne 15. března 2017 o boji proti terorismu, kterou se nahrazuje rámcové rozhodnutí Rady 2002/475/SVV a mění rozhodnutí Rady 2005/671/SVV." In Nestandardní bezpečnostní situace: ústavní, mezinárodní a evropský pohled. Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24132/zcu.2021.09228.135-158.

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This article aims to bring the issue of legislative regulation in the field of terrorism and specifically focus to the new Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council (EU) 2017/541 and to other relevant measures and actions of the European Union. Within the first chapter the author focuses on the question of perception of modern so ciety, on rejection of foreign culture, other race, nationality or religion and also on the resulting consequences for soci ety. The second chapter contains the definition and nature of the European Union‘s involvement in this area, both its strategy for combating terrorism and the development of individual measures taken by the European Union for this purpose. In this chapter, the author also pays attention to specific attacks that have occurred in the European Union. The last chapter deals with the response of the European Union in the form of legislative regulations, which led to the adoption of the above-mentioned directive. In this chapter, besides the current EU regulation, author also deals with the implementation of this directive into Czech legal system. In conclusion, the author emphasizes the positive steps that the European Union has made in fight against terrorism, but also highlights the need for future cooperation among all its member states.
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Reports on the topic "Legislative council"

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Pichler, Rupert. The Research Financing Act. A New Framework for Publicly Funded Research in Austria and its Impact on Evaluation. Fteval - Austrian Platform for Research and Technology Policy Evaluation, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22163/fteval.2021.514.

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On 7 July 2020, the National Council – the first chamber of the Austrian Parliament – passed a package of legislation introducing a new framework for the methods of allocating federal budgets to research, technology, and innovation (RTI). Its core is the Research Financing Act (RFA), complemented by several amendments to existing laws that are necessary for its implementation. Entry into force was on 25 July 2020, the amendments became effective as of 1 January 2021 (BGBl1. I No. 75/20202). The RFA is the biggest legislative project in the field of RTI policy since 2004 when the Research Funding Agency (FFG) was established (Pichler et al. 2007, pp. 329-336; Stampfer et al. 2010, pp. 775-776). For the first time, budget law regulations are now aligned with the needs of institutions performing or funding RTI (Pichler 2021). This article outlines the background and content of the RFA and concludes with a view on the significance of evaluation within the new system.
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Lewis, Dustin, Radhika Kapoor, and Naz Modirzadeh. Advancing Humanitarian Commitments in Connection with Countering Terrorism: Exploring a Foundational Reframing concerning the Security Council. Harvard Law School Program on International Law and Armed Conflict, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54813/uzav2714.

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The imperative to provide humanitarian and medical services on an urgent basis in armed conflicts is anchored in moral tenets, shared values, and international rules. States spend tens of billions of dollars each year to help implement humanitarian programs in conflicts across the world. Yet, in practice, counterterrorism objectives increasingly prevail over humanitarian concerns, often resulting in devastating effects for civilian populations in need of aid and protection in war. Not least, confusion and misapprehensions about the power and authority of States relative to the United Nations Security Council to set policy preferences and configure legal obligations contribute significantly to this trajectory. In this guide for States, we present a framework to reconfigure relations between these core commitments by assessing the counterterrorism architecture through the lens of impartial humanitarianism. We aim in particular to provide an evidence base and analytical frame for States to better grasp key legal and policy issues related to upholding respect for principled humanitarian action in connection with carrying out the Security Council’s counterterrorism decisions. We do so because the lack of knowledge regarding interpretation and implementation of counterterrorism resolutions matters for the coherence, integrity, and comprehensiveness of humanitarian policymaking and protection of the humanitarian imperative. In addition to analyzing foundational concerns and evaluating discernible behaviors and attitudes, we identify avenues that States may take to help achieve pro-humanitarian objectives. We also endeavor to help disseminate indications of, and catalyze, States’ legally relevant positions and practices on these issues. In section 1, we introduce the guide’s impetus, objectives, target audience, and structure. We also describe the methods that we relied on and articulate definitions for key terms. In section 2, we introduce key legal actors, sources of law, and the notion of international legal responsibility, as well as the relations between international and national law. Notably, Security Council resolutions require incorporation into national law in order to become effective and enforceable by internal administrative and judicial authorities. In section 3, we explain international legal rules relevant to advancing the humanitarian imperative and upholding respect for principled humanitarian action, and we sketch the corresponding roles of humanitarian policies, programs, and donor practices. International humanitarian law (IHL) seeks to ensure — for people who are not, or are no longer, actively participating in hostilities and whose needs are unmet — certain essential supplies, as well as medical care and attention for the wounded and sick. States have also developed and implemented a range of humanitarian policy frameworks to administer principled humanitarian action effectively. Further, States may rely on a number of channels to hold other international actors to account for safeguarding the humanitarian imperative. In section 4, we set out key theoretical and doctrinal elements related to accepting and carrying out the Security Council’s decisions. Decisions of the Security Council may contain (binding) obligations, (non-binding) recommendations, or a combination of the two. UN members are obliged to carry out the Council’s decisions. Member States retain considerable interpretive latitude to implement counterterrorism resolutions. With respect to advancing the humanitarian imperative, we argue that IHL should represent a legal floor for interpreting the Security Council’s decisions and recommendations. In section 5, we describe relevant conduct of the Security Council and States. Under the Resolution 1267 (1999), Resolution 1989 (2011), and Resolution 2253 (2015) line of resolutions, the Security Council has established targeted sanctions as counterterrorism measures. Under the Resolution 1373 (2001) line of resolutions, the Security Council has adopted quasi-“legislative” requirements for how States must counter terrorism in their national systems. Implementation of these sets of resolutions may adversely affect principled humanitarian action in several ways. Meanwhile, for its part, the Security Council has sought to restrict the margin of appreciation of States to determine how to implement these decisions. Yet international law does not demand that these resolutions be interpreted and implemented at the national level by elevating security rationales over policy preferences for principled humanitarian action. Indeed, not least where other fields of international law, such as IHL, may be implicated, States retain significant discretion to interpret and implement these counterterrorism decisions in a manner that advances the humanitarian imperative. States have espoused a range of views on the intersections between safeguarding principled humanitarian action and countering terrorism. Some voice robust support for such action in relation to counterterrorism contexts. A handful call for a “balancing” of the concerns. And some frame respect for the humanitarian imperative in terms of not contradicting counterterrorism objectives. In terms of measures, we identify five categories of potentially relevant national counterterrorism approaches: measures to prevent and suppress support to the people and entities involved in terrorist acts; actions to implement targeted sanctions; measures to prevent and suppress the financing of terrorism; measures to prohibit or restrict terrorism-related travel; and measures that criminalize or impede medical care. Further, through a number of “control dials” that we detect, States calibrate the functional relations between respect for principled humanitarian action and countering terrorism. The bulk of the identified counterterrorism measures and related “control dials” suggests that, to date, States have by and large not prioritized advancing respect for the humanitarian imperative at the national level. Finally, in section 6, we conclude by enumerating core questions that a State may answer to help formulate and instantiate its values, policy commitments, and legal positions to secure respect for principled humanitarian action in relation to counterterrorism contexts.
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Aguiar Borges, Luciane, and Hannah Matthiesen. Urban Agriculture for a Resilient Future. Nordregio, January 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/r2024:41403-2503.

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This report is the outcome of the project Urban Agriculture for a Resilient Future (FutureUA) financed by the Nordic Council of Ministers and implemented in 2023. In this final report, we discuss the future of urban agriculture across different themes, namely (1) cultivating change in connection with innovation and legislation, (2) cultivating community in connection with culture, and (3) cultivating knowledge in connection with education and science. While the first theme reflects the potential of agriculture to occupy more space in cities and to be perceived as a desirable urban function through innovation and legislative support, the second theme focuses on the known benefits of urban agriculture for building community and fostering social inclusion. The third theme reflects the momentum urban agriculture is gaining in institutional education through the implementation of programmes that respond to the growing demand for systematic knowledge of urban agriculture at different qualification levels. This report is primarily a presentation of seven urban agriculture initiatives that tell stories about how different actors have engaged with or support the practice of growing food in cities. The description of the cases was based on webinar discussions, interviews with the main stakeholders of each case, and study visits. These cases provide the context to show how different actors can engage in urban agriculture and food systems, as well as to discuss their challenges and opportunities and to draw lessons from their practices. The report targets a broad and heterogeneous audience, including planners, entrepreneurs, academics, and the general public, who are interested and believe in the potential of urban agriculture to tackle many of the challenges we face today, such as the climate crises. After reading this report, the reader is expected to gain: - A glimpse of the literature on the benefits and drawbacks of growing food in cities. - An understanding of urban agriculture from different perspectives (e.g., municipalities, entrepreneurs, communities, educational institutions). - An overview of opportunities and challenges for implementing agriculture in cities. - Inspiration for alternative urban futures as the stories told in this report carry seeds for change that can assist transitioning our cities to more functional ecosystems.
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Führ, Martin, Julian Schenten, and Silke Kleihauer. Integrating "Green Chemistry" into the Regulatory Framework of European Chemicals Policy. Sonderforschungsgruppe Institutionenanalyse, July 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/sofia.9783941627727.

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20 years ago a concept of “Green Chemistry” was formulated by Paul Anastas and John Warner, aiming at an ambitious agenda to “green” chemical products and processes. Today the concept, laid down in a set of 12 principles, has found support in various arenas. This diffusion was supported by enhancements of the legislative framework; not only in the European Union. Nevertheless industry actors – whilst generally supporting the idea – still see “cost and perception remain barriers to green chemistry uptake”. Thus, the questions arise how additional incentives as well as measures to address the barriers and impediments can be provided. An analysis addressing these questions has to take into account the institutional context for the relevant actors involved in the issue. And it has to reflect the problem perception of the different stakeholders. The supply chain into which the chemicals are distributed are of pivotal importance since they create the demand pull for chemicals designed in accordance with the “Green Chemistry Principles”. Consequently, the scope of this study includes all stages in a chemical’s life-cycle, including the process of designing and producing the final products to which chemical substances contribute. For each stage the most relevant legislative acts, together establishing the regulatory framework of the “chemicals policy” in the EU are analysed. In a nutshell the main elements of the study can be summarized as follows: Green Chemistry (GC) is the utilisation of a set of principles that reduces or eliminates the use or generation of hazardous substances in the design, manufacture and application of chemical products. Besides, reaction efficiency, including energy efficiency, and the use of renewable resources are other motives of Green Chemistry. Putting the GC concept in a broader market context, however, it can only prevail if in the perception of the relevant actors it is linked to tangible business cases. Therefore, the study analyses the product context in which chemistry is to be applied, as well as the substance’s entire life-cycle – in other words, the six stages in product innovation processes): 1. Substance design, 2. Production process, 3. Interaction in the supply chain, 4. Product design, 5. Use phase and 6. After use phase of the product (towards a “circular economy”). The report presents an overview to what extent the existing framework, i.e. legislation and the wider institutional context along the six stages, is setting incentives for actors to adequately address problematic substances and their potential impacts, including the learning processes intended to invoke creativity of various actors to solve challenges posed by these substances. In this respect, measured against the GC and Learning Process assessment criteria, the study identified shortcomings (“delta”) at each stage of product innovation. Some criteria are covered by the regulatory framework and to a relevant extent implemented by the actors. With respect to those criteria, there is thus no priority need for further action. Other criteria are only to a certain degree covered by the regulatory framework, due to various and often interlinked reasons. For those criteria, entry points for options to strengthen or further nuance coverage of the respective principle already exist. Most relevant are the deltas with regard to those instruments that influence the design phase; both for the chemical substance as such and for the end-product containing the substance. Due to the multi-tier supply chains, provisions fostering information, communication and cooperation of the various actors are crucial to underpin the learning processes towards the GCP. The policy options aim to tackle these shortcomings in the context of the respective stage in order to support those actors who are willing to change their attitude and their business decisions towards GC. The findings are in general coherence with the strategies to foster GC identified by the Green Chemistry & Commerce Council.
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Kelly, Luke. Emerging Trends Within the Women, Peace and Security (WPS) Agenda. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.019.

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This report has identified emerging issues within the women, peace and security (WPS) agenda. Climate change has long been identified as a key cross-cutting issue and several potential avenues for WPS policy are identified. Other issues such as artificial intelligence (AI) have been highlighted as potentially relevant, but relatively little discussed with respect to WPS. The WPS agenda focuses on addressing the gendered impact of conflict and seeking to prevent conflict through increased women’s participation. In this report, WPS is understood as a body of UN Security Council resolutions (UNSCRs) and state national action plans (NAPs) labelled as WPS; as well as other UN and state policies using the language and ideas of WPS; and actions and ideas produced by civil society and academics inspired by the United Nations (UN) agenda or sharing ideas with it. The report focuses on new and emerging issues identified by academics and policymakers as relevant to the WPS agenda. Emerging trends and issues are broadly understood as: • Parts of the WPS agenda that are increasingly part of policies formulated by the UN, member states or civil society actors. • Parts of the WPS agenda that scholars or policymakers think have been neglected or not implemented sufficiently. • Re-interpretations of the framing of the WPS agenda. • New areas to which it is argued WPS should be applied. • Parallel international policy agendas with conceptual or legislative overlap with WPS. Emerging trends and issues are discussed with reference to their status in policy and implementation; normative debates about their place in the WPS agenda; and evidence on their implications for and applicability to certain contexts. The report does not seek to predict or assess the future trends or their relative importance, beyond highlighted existing interpretations of their status, implementation and potential implications. The report discusses a variety of emerging issues. These include issues where the WPS agenda has already been applied, but where its implementation –or lack thereof – has been criticised, such as in counterterrorism and arms control, or the conceptualisation of gender. The ability of WPS instruments to address changing forms of conflict has also been criticised. Issues to which it is argued that WPS should, and could, be applied more thoroughly, such as gang violence and trafficking, are discussed. The report includes new fields such as cybersecurity and AI, about which there is relatively little literature linked to WPS, but agreement that it may be relevant.
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Thomas, Sandy, Peter Gregory, Sarah O’Brien, Catriona McCallion, Ben Goodall, Chun-Han Chan, and Paul Nunn. Rapid Evidence Review 1 on the Critical Appraisal of Third-Party Evidence. Food Standards Agency, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.elm525.

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The Food Standards Agency (FSA) always seeks to ensure that itsrecommendations are made on the best-available evidence. Following a request from the FSA Chair, the Science Council have sought to provide a framework that can guide those seeking to submit uncommissioned evidence to the FSA on its scientific principles and standards.The Science Councils proposed framework is based on the principles of quality, trustand robustness. By being transparent about the FSA’s minimal expectations, we aim to help those who wish to submit evidence, typically in an effort to fill a perceived evidence gap orchange a relevant policy or legislation. The framework also seeks to provides assurance to others on the processes in place within the FSA to assess evidence it receives.When the FSA receives evidence, it will: be transparent about how the evidence is assessed and used to develop its evidence base, policy recommendations and risk communication; assess evidence in its proper context using the principles of quality, trust and robustness; seek to minimise bias in its assessments of evidence by using professional protocols, its SACs, peer review and/or multi-disciplinary teams be open and transparent about the conclusions it has reached about any evidence submitted to it.
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Bergsen, Pepijn, Carolina Caeiro, Harriet Moynihan, Marianne Schneider-Petsinger, and Isabella Wilkinson. Digital trade and digital technical standards. Royal Institute of International Affairs, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55317/9781784135133.

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There is increasing impetus for stronger cooperation between the US, EU and UK on digital technology governance. Drivers of this trend include the economic incentives arising from opportunities for digital trade; the ambition for digital technology governance to be underpinned by shared values, including support for a democratic, open and global internet; and the need to respond to geopolitical competition, especially from China. Two specific areas of governance in which there is concrete potential to collaborate, and in which policymakers have indicated significant ambitions to do so, are digital trade and digital technical standards. - To leverage strategic opportunities for digital trade, the US, EU and UK need to continue identifying and promoting principles based on shared values and agendas, and demonstrate joint leadership at the global level, including in the World Trade Organization (WTO) on e-commerce. - Policy actors in the US, EU and UK should work individually and collectively to build on the latest generation of digital trade agreements. This will help to promote closer alignment on digital rules and standards, and support the establishment of more up-to-date models for innovation and governance. - Collaborating on digital technical standards, particularly those underlying internet governance and emerging technologies, offers the US, EU and UK strategic opportunities to build a vision of digital technology governance rooted in multi-stakeholder participation and democratic values. This can provide a strong alternative to standards proposals such as China’s ‘New IP’ system. - Policy actors should seek to expand strategic cooperation on standards development among the US, EU and UK, among like-minded countries, and among states that are undecided on the direction of their technology governance, including in the Global South. They should also take practical steps to incorporate the views and expertise of the technology industry, the broader private sector, academia and civil society. By promoting best-practice governance models that are anticipatory, dynamic and flexible, transatlantic efforts for cooperation on digital regulation can better account for the rapid pace of technological change. Early evidence of this more forward-looking approach is emerging through the EU’s proposed regulation of digital services and artificial intelligence (AI), and in the UK’s proposed legislation to tackle online harms. The recently launched EU-US Trade and Technology Council is a particularly valuable platform for strengthening cooperation in this arena. But transatlantic efforts to promote a model of digital governance predicated on democratic values would stand an even greater chance of success if the council’s work were more connected to efforts by the UK and other leading democracies
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Dudoit, Alain. European common data spaces: a structuring initiative that is both necessary and adaptable to Canada. CIRANO, November 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54932/skhp9567.

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Faced with the acceleration of the digital economy, the governance and effective sharing of data have become fundamental issues for public policy at all levels of jurisdictions and in all areas of human activity. This paper reviews the initiatives and challenges associated with data governance, with a particular focus on the European Common Data Spaces (ECDS) and their direct relevance to the Canadian context. It explores the inherent complexity of data governance, which must reconcile sector-specificities with more horizontal governance principles. In doing so, it highlights the importance of strategic and coordinated action to maximize the social and economic benefits of data. The Burgundy Report, published by CIRANO in July 2023, calls for the creation of a common data space in the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Strategic Trade Corridor by 2030. This proposal builds in particular on three separate policy reports published in 2022 by the National Supply Chain Task Force, the Council of Ministers Responsible for Transportation and Highway Safety (COMT) and the House of Commons Standing Committee on Transportation, Infrastructure and Communities. The findings and recommendations of these reports raise fundamental questions that are central to the critical issues of governance, organizational culture, execution capacity, public and private stakeholder engagement, and data underutilization within the Canadian government machinery strained by years of delay and exacerbated by recent disruptions related to anticipated climate disasters. The creation of a common data space is envisaged as a structuring investment in Canada's essential infrastructure for intermodal transport and the supply chain. This working paper on European Common Data Spaces (ECDS) extends the synthesis and recommendations published last July 2023 by providing an operational analysis of the transformative initiative currently underway within the European Union (EU). This major policy development stems from the 2020 European Data Strategy and seeks to establish twelve common data spaces in strategic sectors, including mobility and transport. The document is divided into three main parts. The first part provides an overview of data-related public policies in Canada and the EU between 2018 and 2023. The second part focuses on the implications and lessons learned from the impact assessment supporting the adoption of data governance legislation by the European institutions. This directive establishes a regulatory framework for the creation of common data spaces in the EU. The third section discusses the current deployment of ECDSs, highlighting key milestones and ongoing processes. The paper highlights notable similarities between the EU and Canada in the identification of data issues and the formulation of public policy objectives. It also highlights differences in optimizing data sharing between jurisdictions and stakeholders. A fundamental difference between these two strategic partners is the absence of an effective and sustained pooling of resources within the Canadian intergovernmental machinery in pursuit of common objectives in the face of major shared challenges such as data accessibility and sharing. This situation is in stark contrast to the EU's groundbreaking deployment of the ECDS in pursuit of identical objectives of positioning itself as a world leader in the data economy. This lack of consideration, let alone joint action, by Canada's intergovernmental machinery to implement a common data strategy in Canada is damaging. To be effective, the Canadian response must be agile, results-oriented, and interoperable across jurisdictions. The rigorous management, responsible use, and organized sharing of data within and between jurisdictions are crucial to addressing the complex challenges and major risks facing Canada. Neither the federal nor provincial governments are currently well positioned to treat data as a shared strategic asset. The resolution of regulatory, legal, and technical obstacles to data exchange between jurisdictions and organizations cannot be achieved without the creation of a common data space. This can only be achieved by combining the necessary tools and infrastructures, and by addressing issues of trust, for example by means of common rules drawn up for this purpose. “The barriers that prevent the establishment of robust health data sharing systems are not technical, but rather fundamentally political and cultural.”
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Technical Guidelines to Facilitate the Implementation of Security Council Resolution 2370 (2017) and Related International Standards and good Practices on Preventing Terrorists from Acquiring Weapons. UNIDIR, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37559/caap/22/pacav/03.

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Terrorist acquisition of different types of weapons, including Small Arms and Light Weapons (SALW), their corresponding ammunition, improvised explosive device (IED) components, and uncrewed aerial systems (UAS) and components, poses a global threat to international peace and security. Preventing such acquisitions by terrorists presents States and the international community as well as communities of practitioners with a set of complex and multifaceted challenges. In March 2022, the UN Counter-Terrorism Committee Executive Directorate (CTED), United Nations Counter-Terrorism Centre (UNCCT) of the UN Office of Counter-Terrorism (UNOCT) and UNIDIR launched the “Technical guidelines to facilitate the implementation of Security Council resolution 2370 (2017) and related international standards and good practices on preventing terrorists from acquiring weapons”. The technical guidelines have been developed under a joint project implemented by CTED, working on behalf of the UN Global Counter-Terrorism Coordination Compact Working Group on Border Management and Law Enforcement relating to Counter-Terrorism, funded by UNCCT and co-implemented by UNCCT and UNIDIR. With the adoption by the Security Council of its resolution 2370 (2017), the Council reaffirmed its previous decision in resolution 1373 (2001) that all States should refrain from providing any form of support to those involved in terrorist acts, including by eliminating the supply of weapons – including SALW, military equipment, UAS and their components, and IED components – to those involved in terrorist acts. The Security Council urged Member States to act cooperatively to prevent terrorists from acquiring weapons and called upon them to become party to related international and regional instruments. Resolution 2370 is the first Security Council resolution specifically dedicated to preventing terrorists from acquiring weapons. The technical guidelines have been developed as part of a broader project that seeks to facilitate and support the implementation of resolution 2370 (2017), relevant subsequent resolutions, good practices, and international standards. The technical guidelines aim at contributing to the enhancement of Member States’ legislative, strategic, and operational capacities to prevent, detect and counter the acquisition, illicit trafficking and use of different weapons, systems, and components. These technical guidelines are non-binding and should be considered living working reference document. They are also expected to form a basis for dialogue at different levels, including among regional and national stakeholders in their efforts to assess, develop, review, and refine regional and national measures to prevent terrorist acquisition of weapons. Following roll-out, application and use, the document will be subject to modifications, revisions, and updates, based on feedback received from States and the technical communities of practice.
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Research Department - Legislation - Banking Act 1947 - Memoranda and Correspondence - Judgement of the Privy Council - 26/10/49. Reserve Bank of Australia, September 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47688/rba_archives_2006/18982.

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