Academic literature on the topic 'Legislative bodies – European Union countries'
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Journal articles on the topic "Legislative bodies – European Union countries"
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Dyhal, Yaroslav. "The issue of the ratio of women and men in central and local government: the European Union and Ukraine." Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Politologica 24, no. 324 (May 15, 2021): 95–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.24917/20813333.24.7.
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Gender mainstreaming is an integral part of the process of building a democratic society, including in thepolitical sphere. In order to draw conclusions about gender equality in the political sphere, it is necessaryto constantly investigate the current situation. An indicator of gender equality in the political sphere is therepresentation of women and men in the governmental institutions. Therefore, there is a need to analyse thegender structure of central and local authorities in the European Union.The aim of the paper is to analyse the representation of women and men in elected authorities andgovernments of the European Union and Ukraine. The author explored the participation of men and womenin the European Parliament, national parliaments of European countries, national governmental authorities,regional and local parliaments of the EU and Ukraine.The gender structures of different authorities were compared. The countries with gender equality in thepolitical sphere and the countries with the largest imbalances were identified.The author analysed the factors that contributed to the establishment of equality in countries with indicatorsas close as possible to gender balance (Scandinavian countries). Among such factors the most interesting are:emancipation of women; high level of social development; institutional factors and legislation as incentives.A comparison of the gender structures of the central executive and legislative bodies and local councils ofUkraine and Poland was made.
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Kádár, Tamás. "Equality bodies." International Journal of Discrimination and the Law 18, no. 2-3 (June 2018): 144–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1358229118799231.
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The Treaty of Amsterdam and the subsequent adoption in 2000 of the so-called Race Directive was a genuine paradigm shift in European equal treatment legislation and practice. One of the major developments resulting from this Treaty change and new Directive was the introduction of a requirement for all European Union (EU) Member States to set up bodies for the promotion of equal treatment, first on the ground of race and ethnic origin, later extended to the ground of gender. This article analyses the emergence of these bodies – equality bodies – in EU Member States and candidate countries and the role they play in promoting equality and the implementation and monitoring of EU equal treatment legislation. It argues that equality bodies have a significant potential to contribute to more equal societies and they have proved to be effective agents of change. They do so, among others, by contributing to relevant case law in front of the Court of Justice of the EU leading to the further development and clarification of EU and national equal treatment legislation. The article also looks at the challenges experienced by equality bodies in different European countries as factors that influence and might limit their potential and contribution. To conclude, the article examines the necessary conditions for equality bodies to effectively contribute to the implementation of EU legislation and the achievement of substantive equality and it assesses whether current standards for equality bodies can guarantee these conditions.
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Ksonzhyk, Iryna, Halyna Matskiv, and Nataliya Sorochan. "European experience with the operation and control of the procurement mechanism for goods, works, and services using budget funds." University Economic Bulletin, no. 55 (December 29, 2022): 97–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2306-546x-2022-55-97-105.
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The subject of the study is the practical experience of the functioning of the mechanism of public procurement of goods, works and services in the member states of the European Union, its reformation under the influence of the introduction of new EU legislative norms in the field of public procurement, and the harmonization of the national legislation of the participating countries with Directives 2014/23/EU, 2014/24/EU and 2014/25/EU. The purpose of the work is to establish the impact of the new legislative norms of the European Union in the field of public procurement on the mechanism of procurement of goods, works and services for budget funds in the European Union, to identify the advantages of applying these norms. The methodological basis of the article is a set of cognitive methods applied to the mechanism of public procurement. The research was based on general scientific methods, namely: dialectical, which implies objectivity, comprehensiveness and systematic knowledge; logical; special methods of scientific knowledge: historical, method of systematic analysis and generalization of normative documents. The general logic of the article is based on a complex and systematic approach using modern scientific apparatus. Results of the article. The article establishes the main directions of changes in the mechanism and tools of public procurement in the countries of the European Union, which took place after the implementation of the norms of Directives 2014/23/EU, 2014/24/EU and 2014/25/EU, an analysis of the advantages of their implementation in national legislation of member states. The evaluation of the efficiency of the public procurement market in the EU countries was carried out. The directions and sources of further research are substantiated, first of all, by taking into account the aspects of digitalization of the sphere of public administration and finance, social and environmental innovations. Field of application of results. The results can be used by state and local self-government bodies, territorial communities, and economic entities of various forms of ownership. Conclusions. The new norms of EU legislation in the field of public procurement, set out in Directives 2014/23/EU, 2014/24/EU and 2014/25/EU, are aimed at simplifying procedures for public procurement of goods, works and services for budget funds, which promotes the free movement of goods and services in the countries of the European Union. As a result, customers get better value for money. Thus, public procurement becomes a tool of EU strategic policy. Although it cannot be claimed that the EU's public procurement policy is flawless, the experience of all participating countries is always taken into account in the process of its development and implementation. The EU public sector can use the procurement of goods, works and services with budget funds to increase the number of jobs, growth and investment, as well as to create an economy that is more innovative, resource and energy efficient and socially inclusive.
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Baranovskyi, F. V., and Y. V. Dyhal. "STUDY OF EXPERIENCE OF THE APPLICATION OF GENDER QUOTAS IN THE POLITICAL SPHERE OF THE EU COUNTRIES AND UKRAINE THROUGH THE PRISM OF EFFICIENCY." Actual Problems of International Relations, no. 147 (2021): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/apmv.2021.147.1.27-36.
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Abstract. The article reveals the experience of using gender quotas and the issues of their effectiveness in the political sphere of the European Union and Ukraine. The relevance of the article is due to the fact that gender quotas are a common and at the same time institutionalized mechanism for ensuring gender equality. The article uses historical, comparative and structural-functional research methods. The authors determined the legal basis of gender quotas, mechanisms for their implementation, types of quotas and criteria for their effectiveness. Legislative candidate quotas and voluntary party quotas have been found to apply in European countries. The experience of applying gender quotas in the EU and Ukraine was studied. Gender quotas have been shown to increase women's representation, but not immediately after application. The effectiveness of quotas is determined by a good legal basis and the use of quotas in combination with other means. It is determined that even a single application of gender quotas has a lasting effect on increasing the number of women in representative bodies. The adoption of voluntary party quotas by leading political parties also contributes to the equal representation of women and men. In addition to directly affecting the number of women in the legislature, gender quotas indirectly affect other aspects of life. Key words: gender, gender equality, gender quotas, affirmative action, European Union.
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Сердюк, С. С. "АДМІНІСТРАТИВНО-ПРАВОВЕ РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ПОЖЕЖНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ В УКРАЇНІ В УМОВАХ ЄВРОІНТЕГРАЦІЇ." Збірник наукових праць ХНПУ імені Г. С. Сковороди "Право", no. 30 (2019): 118–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.34142/23121661.2019.30.15.
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The article describes the process of formation and development of the modern system of civil protection bodies, including fire safety authorities, on the basis of the analysis of the administrative legislation of Ukraine. An analysis of the organization and activities of similar bodies of the European Union countries for the prevention of emergencies and the elimination of their negative consequences has been carried out. It is suggested to take into account the positive experience of their structural construction and administrative and legal regulation of activity in the legislation of Ukraine.
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Babin, Iurii, Mykola Nazarenko, Rostyslav Nilov, and Victor Pinchuk. "RESEARCH OF THE MAIN DIFFERENCES IN THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF VEHICLES MANUFACTURED FOR MARKETS OF DIFFERENT COUNTRIES." Avtoshliakhovyk Ukrayiny, no. 4 (260) ’ 2019 (December 28, 2019): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.33868/0365-8392-2019-4-260-22-29.
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Research of the main differences in the design requirements for wheeled vehicles manufactured for the markets of different countries. Review of the main legislative documents concerning the admission of RV to participation in road traffic and the state registration. Determination of the main differences RV, which were in use and were made for markets other than European, which are required pay attention to certification. Providing information and explanations for citizens wishing to purchase or have already purchased vehicles that were in use and manufactured for markets other than European, about the minimum design requirements for such vehicles, compliance with which is necessary for passing the inspection and obtaining a certificate of conformity according to the procedure for individual approval of wheeled vehicles. Definition of legislative documents about regulating the procedure for individual approval of vehicles in Ukraine. Providing information on the list of requirements (technical regulations), which must conform to the vehicle, past in usage, M1 and N1 categories for passing the procedure of individual approval of wheeled vehicles. Determination of the obligations of certification bodies in Ukraine to comply with the requirements of European standards and legislation of Ukraine during the procedure for individual approval of wheeled vehicles in Ukraine. Development and approval Technical service reports on the possibility of applying alternative technical regulations for the individual approval of completed wheeled vehicles of categories M1 and N1, which are manufactured in large series in / or for countries that are not member states of the European Union. Description of the main differences between the objects of approval that you need to pay attention to before passing certification. Keywords: RV certification, certification of cars intended for the US market, requirements for cars during certification.
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Cherkasov, A. I. "ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL OVER THE ACTIVITIES OF LOCAL AUTHORITIES IN THE COUTRIES-MEMBERS OF THE EUROPEAN UNION." Courier of Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL)), no. 4 (June 22, 2020): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/2311-5998.2020.68.4.163-169.
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The article deals with problems of administrative (state) control over the activities of local authorities in the countries — members of the European Union. The author stresses the importance of such control for securing the proper functioning of public bodies, including those at the local level. The signifi cance of administrative control is also determined by the commitment to the principle of equality and the maintenance of certain minimum standards of services rendered to the population irrespective of the place of living. Administrative control in the final result acts as a kind of a counterweight to those fairly broad rights that have been given to local communities in democratic countries. The state control over local government acquires additional importance also in the light of the increasing integration in the countries — members of the European Union, where sub-national authorities have to implement European legislation. The author reveals the mechanisms of such control and stresses the importance of observance of common democratic principles while performing it. Otherwise the implementation of state control prerogatives may be turned into the instrument of excessive centralization of power, the means of suppression of local initiative and municipal bodies’ autonomy.
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Chauhan, Amisha, Shikha Baghel Chauhan, and Sakshi Nainwani. "The Review on Cosmetic Regulation: Quality Education." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (April 24, 2022): 241–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.0241ecst.
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The cosmetics industry is undergoing substantial transformations all over the world. It has grown dramatically over the world, providing a means for a person to alter his or her appearance and make a product instantly noticeable and appealing. To accomplish effective promoting, one must consider a variety of factors. Today's cosmetic industry or market takes use of cutting-edge technology to create new cosmetic agents with enhanced qualities. Trend for cosmetics is getting elevated each passing day, hence enormous growth is encountered in the cosmetic market globally. If we talk about legislation of the cosmetic industries nowadays then they are kind of stringent all over the globe. There are different regulatory bodies globally with their own rules and regulation regarding cosmetics. The major market for cosmetics is in United states and in European Union, and all other developing countries ideally look the regulation of these developed countries as a role model. Despite of all the differences in regulatory bodies their aim is somewhat similar which is to ensure the safety, efficacy, and stability of the product. So, in this article we are going to study about the various differences which are present regarding the regulatory bodies and rules and regulation among India, United States and European Union.
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Vujić, Mario, and Lea Pollak. "Composition, labelling, and safety of food supplements based on bee products in the legislative framework of the European Union – Croatian experiences / Sastav, označavanje i zdravstvena ispravnost dodataka prehrani koji se temelje na pčelinjim proizvodima u pravnom okviru Europske unije – hrvatska iskustva." Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology 66, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 243–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aiht-2015-66-2654.
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The European Union market is overflown by food supplements and an increasing number of consumers prefer those where bee products play an important part in their composition. This paper deals with complex European Union legislation concerning food supplements based on bee products, placing a special emphasis on their composition, labelling, and safety. Correct labelling of food supplements also represents a great challenge since, in spite of legal regulations in force, there are still open issues regarding the statements on the amount of propolis, which is not clearly defined by the legal framework. One of the key issues are the labels containing health claims from the EU positive list approved by the European Food Safety Authority. Emphasis will also be placed on informing consumers about food, as statements which imply the healing properties of food supplements and their capacity to cure diseases are forbidden. One of the key elements of product safety is HACCP based on the EU Regulations EC 178/02 and 852/2004. Health safety analyses of food supplements with bee products used as raw materials, which are standardised by legal regulations will also be discussed. In the future, attention should also be paid to establishing the European Union “nutrivigilance” system. Croatian experiences in addressing challenges faced by producers, supervisory entities, and regulatory and inspection bodies may serve as an example to countries aspiring to become part of the large European family.
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Borzenko, Helena, Tamara Panfilova, and Mikhail Litvin. "Levels taxation countries the EU and Ukraine’s." Problems of Innovation and Investment Development, no. 19 (April 2019): 131–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.33813/2224-1213.19.2019.12.
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Purpose articles rassm and experience and benefits systems taxation countries European Union, manifestation iti the main limitations domestic taxlegislation and wired STI their comparisons. In general iti ways the provisiontax reporting countries Eurozone in the appropriate organs, dove STI need theintroduction Ukraine electronic methods receiving and processing such reports.define iti key directions reforming domestic tax legislation. Methodology research is to use aggregate methods: dialectical, statistical, historical, comparative. Scientific novelty is to are provided recommendations for improvement ofefficiency systems taxation of our states in international ratings characterizingtax institutions country. Therefore, despite some problems in legislation heldcomparative study systems taxation EU and Ukraine. Conclucions Coming fromof this, the main directions reforming tax systems Ukraine, in our opinion,today should become: improvement process administration, reduce scales evasiontaxes, provision more uniform distribution tax burden between taxpayers, themaximum cooperation tax bodies different levels as well adjustment systemselectronic interactions tax authorities and payers, tax system must contain ascan less unfounded benefits, consistent with the general by politics pricing.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Legislative bodies – European Union countries"
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PAOLINI, Giulia. "The legitimacy deficit of the European Union and the role of national parliaments." Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/10445.
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Defence date: 17 September 2007Examining Board: Prof. Morten Kelstrup, (University of Copenhagen) ; Prof. Peter Mair, (European University Institute) ; Prof. Gianfranco Pasquino, (University of Bologna) ; Prof. Philippe C. Schmitter, (EUI Professional Fellow)
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Petronzio, Edward. "Talking trade over wine assessing the role of trade associations, bureacratic agencies and legislative bodies in the United States-European Union and Canada-European Union wine trade disputes /." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1192736566.
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DAVITER, Falk. "The power of initiative : framing legislative policy conflicts in the European Union." Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/7044.
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Defence date: 13 July 2007Examining Board: Prof. Adrienne Héritier, (European University Institute/SPS/RSCAS) ; Prof. Stefano Bartolini, (European University Institute/RSCAS) ; Prof. Ellen M. Immergut, (Humboldt University Berlin) ; Prof. Claudio Radaelli, (University of Exeter)
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This thesis asks how the framing of policy issues in EU legislative politics influences the way issues are processed, how it affects which interests play a role during policy drafting and deliberation, and what type of political conflicts and coalitions emerge as a result. Focusing in particular on the European Commission’s role in EU policy-making, this thesis goes on to investigate how actors in EU politics define and redefine the issues at stake according to their shifting policy agendas and in doing so attempt to shore up support and marginalise political opposition. Drawing on the empirical investigation of two decades of EU biotechnology policy-making, the thesis finds that the framing of policy issues systematically affects how the complex and fragmented EU political decision-making process involves or excludes different sets of actors and interests from the diverse political constituencies of the Union. It argues that the Commission’s role in structuring the EU policy space can at times be substantial. Yet the longitudinal perspective adopted in this study also reveals how the structuring and restructuring of the biotechnology policy space led to the increasing politicisation of the EU decision-making process. Eventually, the empirical investigation concludes, the Commission was unable to control the political dynamics set off by the reframing of the policy choices, and the resulting revision of the EU biotechnology policy framework ran counter to the Commission’s original policy objectives. This study thus provides fresh insights into the dynamics of policy-level politicisation and its effects on political conflict and competition in the EU. The framing perspective allows students of EU politics to trace how political agents and institutions interact to shape and at times exploit the complexities of EU policy-making in pursuit of their often conflicting agendas. Finally, the findings suggest that the key to conceptualising the scope of Commission agency in terms of systematic policy dynamics lies in exploring the interlocking effects of policy framing and EU politicisation in the political construction of interests at the supranational level.
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Hamerly, Ivy Lyn. "A matter of timing explaining cross-national variation in the parliamentary oversight of European Union affairs /." Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2007. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3259359.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2007.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed June 26, 2007). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 284-305).
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Petronzio, Edward Jr. "TALKING TRADE OVER WINE: ASSESSING THE ROLE OF TRADE ASSOCIATIONS, BUREACRATIC AGENCIES AND LEGISLATIVE BODIES IN THE UNITED STATES-EUROPEAN UNION AND CANADA-EUROPEAN UNION WINE TRADE DISPUTES." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1192736566.
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Brühl-Moser, Denise. "Die schweizerische Staatsleitung : im Spannungsfeld von nationaler Konsensfindung, Europäsierung und Internationalisierung ; mit Bezügen zu Belgien, Deutschland, Frankreich, Grossbritannien und Österreich /." Bern : Stämpfli, 2007. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/524327785.pdf.
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Kereselidze, Nino. "Foreign policy of the European Union towards the South Caucasus in 1992-2014." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/6824.
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This assessment of European Union foreign policy towards the South Caucasus shows that while the EU has developed a coherent transport policy since 1992, paradoxically, it has had no corresponding coherent conflict resolution policy for this region. The fact that the EU deepened transport cooperation without a mediation policy in an area with a multiplicity of protracted conflicts is a puzzle. Although the EU eventually added mediation to its policy during the Russia-Georgia armed conflict in 2008, it was unable to facilitate a political solution. The research examines what has been the nature of EU foreign policy towards the South Caucasus. The dissertation argues that incoherence in conflict resolution policy has been consequent upon two causal factors: (i) preferences of the EU member states conditioned by their historical experience with Russia, and (ii) institutional framework of the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP). By contrast, with functional approach, the three dominant factors that have enabled coherence in transport cooperation are (i) legislative alignment, (ii) common transport area, including technical assistance for transit development, and (iii) restrictive measures. Examination of these two areas of EU foreign policy, shows a discrepancy, demonstrating its inconsistent nature. The theoretical framework of realism and liberal intergovernmentalism, is applied to empirically grounded EU foreign policy analysis. Adopting a case study methodology, this work examines the EU's policy towards Armenia and Azerbaijan, with special focus on Georgia between 1992 and 2014. The research combines social science methods of literature review, document analysis and expert interviews.
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ZENNARO, Sara. "Comparing legislatures : institutional constraints and legislative efficiency in EU national parliaments." Doctoral thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5440.
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Defence date: 17 June 2005Examining board: Prof. Stefano Bartolini, Università di Bologna and former EUI, Supervisor ; Prof. Jean Blondel, EUI, Professional Fellow ; Prof. Giuseppe Ieraci, Università di Trieste, Co-supervisor ; Prof. Philippe Schmitter, EUI, Professional Fellow
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DAWSON, Mark. "New governance and the proceduralisation of European law : the case of the open method of coordination." Doctoral thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/12702.
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Defence date: 8 September 2009Examining Board: Profs. Christian Joerges (Supervisor, former EUI and University of Bremen); Hans-W. Micklitz (EUI); John Paterson (External Co-Supervisor, University of Aberdeen); David M. Trubek (University of Wisconsin, Madison)
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This thesis is devoted to analysing the emerging relationship in the European Union between 'new governance' - epitomised by the development of the Open Method of Coordination (OMC) - and law. While some scholars have seen the project of new governance as a purely political or functional enterprise - a mechanism of 'soft law' - the thesis will argue against such a view through an empirical analysis of a particular OMC process - the OMC for social inclusion and social protection (the OMC SPSI). While on the one hand, the OMC SPSI has achieved considerable success in creating a new social policy vocabulary in Europe, the very description of the OMC as an instrument of 'soft law' has handed considerable power to frame key policy decisions to national and European executives, while depriving Parliaments and local authorities from their normal rights of scrutiny. The OMC SPSI illustrates why - far from invoking a merely 'technical' or procedural set of questions - 'new governance' is deeply implicated in debates over the future of the European welfare state. The indicators and recommendations of the method are not seen by its participants as neutral descriptors, but rather invoke competing views of the very ends of social policy in Europe. The description of new governance as soft and heterarhical does not therefore dilute its key legitimacy challenges, but makes them ever more pressing. In response, the thesis will argue for a 'constitutionalisation' of new governance. This constitutionalisation, the thesis will argue, should not be aimed at a legal 'juridification' of OMC procedures, or at re-enforcing their participatory potential, but rather at creating opportunities for political contestation and scrutiny in procedures too long the preserve of a small and mutually re-enforcing circle of executive actors. A 'republican' constitutionalisation of the OMC - one able to politicise the norms and indicators through which national social policy is being evaluated - may allow 'new governance' a last opportunity to refute accusations of executive dominance and technocratic paternalism that threaten to undermine its 'procedural' potential.
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FERNANDES, Jorge Miguel. "Power sharing in legislatures : mega seats in twenty European parliamentary democracies." Doctoral thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/29625.
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Defence date: 17 September 2013Examining Board: Professor Stefano Bartolini, EUI (Supervisor) Professor Mark N. Franklin, MIT/EUI Professor Kaare Strøm, University of California, San Diego (External Supervisor) Professor Shane Martin, University of Leicester.
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Recent contributions in legislative studies field have coined the term mega-seats to denote committee systems and leadership bodies. The significance of viewing the internal bodies of legislatures as mega-seats is that they are conceived as part of the democratic delegation chain. Consequently, such an approach adds a political bargaining dimension to the allocation of mega-seats. During the internal organization process of the legislature, plenary legislators become principals, who delegate power to internal bodies, mainly to enhance labor division, tackle information asymmetries, and channel party demands. This thesis examines the process of payoff distribution in legislatures, using an original dataset containing 350 parties, in 12 Western European parliamentary democracies. The analysis is carried out at the party level as well as at the legislature level. Moreover, I conduct two case studies - Portugal and the United Kingdom - to further disentangle the causal mechanisms used to explain mega-seats allocation in parliamentary democracies. The empirical analysis starts with an examination of whether the division of payoffs (i.e., mega-seats) follows a proportionality logic. The proportionality assumption is borrowed from coalition studies, which have long established that institutional payoffs are distributed in a 1:1 proportionality. Using a new index to gauge disproportionality in the allocation of legislative mega-seats, the first finding of this thesis is that mega-seats allocation in parliamentary democracies is not proportional. Subsequently, I adduce a model that explains this counterintuitive finding at the party and legislature levels. The second main finding is that a party’s degree of disproportionality is a function of its power. Parties are conceived as having a number of resources to spend on mega-seats distribution. The way they spend these resources is constrained by the existence of proportionality protection rules within an institution and incentivized by the value of the payoff. Regarding the former, I find that rules matter in protecting proportionality whilst for the latter I find that the amount of resources parties are willing to spend on a mega-seat depends on the mega-seat’s power. Finally, the third main finding is that, at the aggregate level, the overall power of the legislative branch vis-à-vis the executive branch is important in determining the degree of disproportionality. Powerful legislatures tend to be more disproportional, as executive members seek control of its internal bodies.
Books on the topic "Legislative bodies – European Union countries"
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Europapolitik aus dem Ausschuss: Innenansichten des Ausschusswesens der EU. Wiesbaden: Deutscher Universitäts-Verlag, 2008.
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Comitology: Delegation of powers in the European Union and the committee system. Oxford [England]: Oxford University Press, 2005.
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Philip, Norton, ed. National Parliaments and the European Union. London: Frank Cass, 1996.
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The European Parliament's committees: National party influence and legislative empowerment. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, [England]: Routledge, 2011.
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Nicoll, Victor Jennifer, ed. Bridging the information gap: Legislative member organizations as social networks in the United States and the European Union. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press, 2013.
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Institutional frameworks of community health and safety legislation: Committees, agencies, and private bodies. Oxford: Hart Pub., 1999.
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A soul for the union. London: Theos, 2015.
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S, Katz Richard, and Wessels Bernhard 1955-, eds. The European Parliament, the national parliaments, and European integration. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.
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University of Edinburgh. Unit for the Study of Government in Scotland. and Great Britain. Scottish Office. Constitution Group., eds. Summary of devolved parliaments in the European Union. [Edinburgh]: University of Edinburgh, Unit for the Study of Government in Scotland, 1998.
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Cojocaru, Corina. Le rôle des parlements nationaux dans l'Union européenne. Chișinău: Civitas, 2007.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Legislative bodies – European Union countries"
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Scaffardi, Lucia. "A Peculiar Category of Novel Foods: Traditional Foods Coming from Third Countries and the Regulatory Issues Involving Sustainability, Food Security, Food Safety, and the Free Circulation of Goods." In Novel Foods and Edible Insects in the European Union, 37–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13494-4_3.
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AbstractSince 1997, traditional foods coming from Third Countries and not regularly consumed in the European territory before 1997 are included in the definition of Novel Foods provided by the EC Legislator. This peculiar category of ‘new’ foods has raised significant issues, also at the international level, due to the important and strict link between the marketing of such foods and the promotion of sustainable development. The chapter aims at deeply analysing the legislative debate, as well as the regulatory solutions finally approved by the EU legislator, by highlighting the persistent challenges, paying particular attention to the difficult balance-point determined—or still to be determined—among the free circulation of goods, food safety, food security and sustainability.
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Bakir, Vian, and Andrew McStay. "Defending the Civic Body from False Information Online." In Optimising Emotions, Incubating Falsehoods, 205–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13551-4_8.
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AbstractWe have established that false information online harms the civic body, driven by the economics of emotion and the politics of emotion. What should be done about this? Multi-stakeholder solutions have been proffered by various countries’ governmental inquiries into disinformation and fake news, and by supranational bodies including the United Nations, European Union and Commonwealth. This chapter assesses seven solution areas: namely, (1) coercive and non-coercive government action, (2) cybersecurity, (3) digital intermediaries/platforms, (4) advertisers, (5) professional political persuaders and public relations, (6) media organisations and (7) education. As well as being intrinsically difficult areas to solve individually, let alone in concert, the chapter concludes that such solutions merely tinker at the edges as they do not address a fundamental incubator for false information online: namely, the business model for social media platforms built on the economics of emotion.
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Vidačak, Igor. "Challenges of Developing Open Policymaking in the Western Balkans." In Challenges and Barriers to the European Union Expansion to the Balkan Region, 297–313. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-9055-3.ch016.
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The level of openness of policymaking has gradually become an important indicator of the progress of public administration reform in countries aspiring for EU membership. Based on lessons learned from previous enlargement rounds, the EU has gradually reformed its pre-accession assistance strategy by putting more emphasis on building capacities of government bodies for implementing more open and inclusive styles of democratic governance. Nevertheless, the countries of the region are still facing substantial challenges in this area. This chapter seeks to identify main factors that affect the quality of openness of Western Balkans' governments with particular emphasis on their ability to ensure adequate access to information, transparent and predictable decision-making, and timely public participation as key components of a wider concept of government openness. It is claimed that the specific design of the EU accession negotiations favours and often legitimizes the dominance of executive while at the same time weakening the position of legislative bodies and civil society actors.
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Burns, Charlotte. "12. The European Parliament." In European Union Politics, 175–87. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780198862239.003.0012.
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This chapter focuses on the European Parliament (EP), an institution that has been transformed from being a relatively powerless institution into one that is able to have a genuine say in the legislative process and hold the European Union’s executive bodies to account. However, increases in the Parliament’s formal powers have not been matched by an increase in popular legitimacy: decreasing turnout in European elections up to 2014 turned around in 2019, but an increasing share of the vote is now going to populist Eurosceptic parties. The EP’s legislative power is comparable to that of many national parliaments, but it has struggled to connect with the wider European public. The chapter explores these issues: the EP’s evolution from talking shop to co-legislator; its powers and influence; its internal structure and organization, with a focus on the role and behaviour of the political groups. Finally, the EP’s representative function as the EU’s only directly elected institution is discussed.
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Burns, Charlotte. "12. The European Parliament." In European Union Politics, 176–88. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780198806530.003.0012.
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This chapter focuses upon the European Parliament (EP), an institution that has seen its power dramatically increase in recent times. The EP has been transformed from being a relatively powerless institution into one that is able to have a genuine say in the legislative process and hold the European Union’s executive bodies (the Commission and Council, introduced in Chapters 9 and 10) to account in a range of policy areas. However, increases in the Parliament’s formal powers have not been matched by an increase in popular legitimacy: turnout in European elections is falling. Thus, while the EP’s legislative power is comparable to that enjoyed by many national parliaments, it has struggled to connect with the wider European public. The chapter explores these issues in detail. In the first section, the EP’s evolution from talking shop to co-legislator is reviewed; its powers and influence are explained in the next section; the EP’s internal structure and organization are then discussed with a focus upon the role and behaviour of the political groups, and finally, the European Parliament’s representative function as the EU’s only directly elected institution is discussed.
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Köbel, Szilvia. "The Legislative Power." In Comparative Constitutionalism in Central Europe : Analysis on Certain Central and Eastern European Countries, 273–92. Central European Academic Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54171/2022.lcslt.ccice_15.
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In this chapter, we present the legislative branches of eight countries (Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Romania, Serbia, Croatia, Slovenia and Hungary) through the following subjects: a) legislative bodies and sources of parliamentary law (laws regulating the function of the parliament, bylaws etc.); b)the authorities of parliaments; c) the officeholders of parliaments, the house president, and committees of parliaments; d)parliamentary groups; e) the legal status of officeholders (rights of the MPs, conflict of interest, immunity). The structure of the study follows the order of the above-mentioned subjects and treats them as subchapters. At the beginning of each subchapter is a short explanation of the subject, highlighting in broad terms what it wishes to showcase. The study focuses on the legislative branches of governments as the main goal of the study is to observe their legislative ecosystem and organs, powers and members.
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Hajnal, Zsolt. "The Emergence of Member States’ Characteristics in European and National Consumer Law." In The Policies of the European Union from a Central European Perspective, 173–95. Central European Academic Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54171/2022.aojb.poeucep_9.
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European legislation often has a significant impact on private laws in the Member States, especially consumer legislation. In the absence of national, strong consumer protection traditions, consumer protection legisla- tion in Central and Eastern European countries has been largely defined by European consumer law. In the chapter, I am looking for answers as to the specificities of these countries, their ability to enforce these in the EU’s main legislative trends, and how these countries have contributed to European Union consumer law.
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Schimmelfennig, Frank, and Thomas Winzen. "Explaining Differentiation in EU Legislation." In Ever Looser Union?, 83–104. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198854333.003.0006.
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This chapter offers an empirical analysis of member state opt-outs from EU legislation throughout the history of European integration. The analysis shows that similar factors, including wealth, existing opt-outs, and Eurosceptic governments explain legislative and treaty differentiation. The analysis also shows a historical shift from instrumental to constitutional differentiation. This shift entails a growing interdependence of treaty and legislative differentiation since the 1990s; a strong consolidation and trend towards uniformity in the European market and flanking policies; and a corresponding rise of legislative differentiation in core state powers. The drivers of differentiation have changed as well. Whereas differentiation used to be produced by relatively poor countries, it has become driven by the Union’s richest members. While government Euroscepticism was of minor importance before 1990, it has since become an important source of differentiation in core state powers.
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Wouters, Jan, and Michal Ovádek. "Fundamental Rights in the EU Institutional Landscape." In The European Union and Human Rights, 27–69. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198814177.003.0002.
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This chapter examines the roles of the various institutional actors in the EU fundamental rights architecture. The European Commission is the most well-known supranational institution of the EU. It acts as the central pillar of the EU system with responsibilities spanning legislative proposals and enforcement of EU law, among others. As such, the Commission has an important role in ensuring that EU and implementing national law is consistent with fundamental rights. The conduct of the Commission itself is equally subject to fundamental rights requirements which is of additional significance due to its external representation role in which the Commission should also promote human rights. The other institutional actors include the European Parliament; the Council of the European Union; the Court of Justice (CJEU); the European External Action Service (EEAS) and EU Special Representative (EUSR) for Human Rights; the EU Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA); the National Human Rights Institutions (NHRIs); the national equality bodies (NEBs) and national data protection authorities (NDPAs); and the European Ombudsman. Although the Member States are not EU institutions or bodies, their importance in the EU system overall and for the protection of fundamental rights in particular cannot be overlooked.
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Katerina, Lagaria. "Part III Quantitative Capital Requirements, 13 Capital Conservation Buffer and Countercyclical Capital Buffer." In Capital and Liquidity Requirements for European Banks. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198867319.003.0013.
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This chapter illustrates the regulatory, legislative, and institutional framework for two capital-based macroprudential instruments: the Capital Conservation Buffer (CCoB) and the Countercyclical Capital Buffer (CCyB). It focuses on the Basel III-inspired EU legislative provisions on capital requirements, which introduced the CCoB and the CCyB for the first time across Member States. The chapter also analyses the specific EU legislative provisions of Directive 2013/36/EU pertaining to these two buffers, along with the relevant amendments introduced in 2019 by means of Directive (EU) 2019/878. It then considers the cyclical and dynamic CCyB, reflecting its more complex setup and discretionary application, compared to the non-cyclical, fixed requirement for the CCoB. Finally, the chapter looks at the allocation of relevant competences and particular tasks assigned to national and supranational authorities/bodies also in light of the major institutional shift marked by the creation of the Banking Union.
Conference papers on the topic "Legislative bodies – European Union countries"
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Thompson, Trevor. "Laboratory Accreditation in Europe." In NCSL International Workshop & Symposium. NCSL International, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2012.11.
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0.1 In recent years the attitude of the European Commission (EC) and of the Governments of the European countries, toward accreditation has changed such that it is now regarded as a national authority function, to be conducted in the absence of competition. Each European Union (EU)member state appoints a sole national accreditation body operating generally only within its national borders.0.2 Under the provisions of the European co-operation for Accreditation [2] Multi Lateral Agreement (EA MLA) [3] the European accreditation bodies now cooperate to ensure that laboratories are accredited by the accreditation body of the economy in which they are established. The European accreditation bodies do not compete in Europe and the work of any laboratory is assessed by the accreditation body local to the site concerned. This underpins the MLA by demonstrating the equivalence of the work of the accreditation bodies. It further ensures the growth and development of the accreditation bodies in the newer, smaller economies of the European Union.0.3 The author will explain the background, the legislation and the measures taken to serve the needs of laboratories including the multi-national laboratory owners and their customers. He will describe the benefits and the difficulties of implementing this regime and will include a brief discussion on “legal entities” as featured in the ISO/IEC 17000 series of accreditation standards as this often crucially affects the available choices for a European accreditation applicant.
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Vitez Pandžić, Marijeta, and Jasmin Kovačević. "REGULATORY SYSTEMS OF SELECTED EUROPEAN UNION MEMBER STATES IN COVID-19 PANDEMIC MANAGEMENT AND LESSONS FOR THE FUTURE." In EU 2021 – The future of the EU in and after the pandemic. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/18360.
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The European Union (EU) actively responded to the pandemic and the consequences of the pandemic in different areas of human activity (health, economic, social, etc.) adopting a series of regulations, measures and guidelines in different fields. EU member states acted in accordance with EU regulations and within their own legal system and the management structures. The aim of this paper was to analyze ten selected EU member states and their regulatory responses in the approach to pandemic control in relation to the mortality rate per million inhabitants on January 15, 2021. The following hypothesis was set: The regulatory systems and management structures of selected EU member states in the framework of the management of the COVID-19 pandemic have been successfully set up and implemented and have contributed to the lower mortality rate per million inhabitants until January 15, 2021. Ten EU countries were selected for the study according to their mortality rate per million inhabitants on January 15, 2021. Besides Croatia (average mortality), research included three member states with high (Belgium, Slovenia, Czechia), three with average (Hungary, Austria, Slovakia) and three with low mortality rate per million inhabitants (Ireland, Denmark, Finland). All available data from EU and ten selected countries were collected and analysed: about legal framework for crisis management, regulatory powers, level of decentralization in the health care system and whether the timeline of the pandemic control criteria according to the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) was adequately set. Data were analysed in Microsoft Office Excel. Given the obtained results, hypothesis can be considered only partially proven. The legal framework used by studied EU countries for adopting pandemic control measures was not consistently associated with morality rate in this research. All studied EU countries used legal framework that existed prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, four of them had states of emergency provided in the Constitution (Czechia, Hungary, Slovakia and Finland), four of them effectively declared statutory regimes (Slovenia, Hungary, Croatia, Slovakia), and Belgium adopted pandemic control measures using special legislative powers. Three studied countries (Austria, Denmark, Finland) had high level of decentralised decision making in health sector and lower COVID-19 mortality rate. In the first pandemic wave (start in March, 2020) all studied countries respected the timeline in adopting pandemic control measures according to the IHME criteria. In the second pandemic wave (start in October, 2020) only four countries (Czechia, Ireland, Denmark, Finland) respected the timeline in adopting pandemic control measures and three (Ireland, Denmark, Finland) were in low mortality group. Within the concluding considerations of the studied countries and in their pandemic management models, Finland and Denmark were recognised as the most successful with lowest COVID-19 mortality rates. Long tradition of Public Health, decentralized health care decision-making, high level of preparedness in crisis management and adequate timeline in implementation of the pandemic control measures led to lower mortality in COVID-19 pandemic. In the future EU could take even more active role within its legal powers and propose scientific based approach in crisis management to help countries implement measures to preserve lives of EU citizens.
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Martin, Oliver, Antonio Ballesteros, Christiane Bruynooghe, and Michel Bie`th. "Research Activities in the European Union on Ageing Management for Long Term Operation of Nuclear Power Plants." In ASME 2010 Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2010-25678.
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The energy supply of the future in the EU will be a mix of renewable, fossil and nuclear. There are 145 nuclear power reactors in operation in 15 out of the 27 EU countries, with installed power ∼132 GWe. The age distribution of current nuclear power plants in EU is such that in 2010 most of them will have passed 20-years and approximately 25% of them 30 years of age. The decrease of energy supply from nuclear generated electricity can not always be compensated in a reliable and economical way within a short time span. For this situation utilities may be keen to upgrade the reactor output and /or to ask their regulatory bodies for longer term operation. Under the research financed in the Euratom part of the Research Directorate (RTD) of the European Commission several projects explicitly address the safe long term operation of nuclear power plants (NULIFE, LONGLIFE) and the topics proposed in the 2010 call explicitly address issues concerning component ageing, in particular non metallic components, i.e. instrumentation and cables (I&C) and concrete ageing. This paper presents an overview of the plans for long term operation (LTO) of nuclear power plants in the EU. Special emphasis is given on research activities on component ageing management and long term operation issues related to safety.
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Urbane, Marta. "The Future of the Employee’s Right to Disconnect in the European Union and Latvia." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002285.
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The right to disconnect refers to a worker's right to be able to disconnect from work and refrain from engaging in work-related electronic communication, like emails and other messages, during non-work hours and holidays. The Latvian Labor Law does not directly determine the right to disconnect from digital devices, however, such rights arise from certain legal norms. Examples of the provisions of the Labor Law relate to the general rules on rest periods and breaks in work. The recent research results of remote work during Covid-19 pandemic conducted by the author show that for 69.3% of respondents working remotely possibility to disconnect from digital devices outside working hours (when the assigned work tasks have been completed) is extremely crucial. If the rights to disconnect are not explicitly regulated, the risk of disbalance between work and private life is at stake. The increase in workload during the emergency caused by COVID-19 was indicated by 42.7% of respondents in Latvia. That shows that another problem of lack of regulation of rights to disconnect could be unpaid overtime. The research shows that 14.7% of respondents were not paid for overtime work when working from home. The practice shows a critical need for sustainable and predictable changes in the legal system to protect employees’ rights and thus ensure stable employment in general in Latvia. It was also recently decided by Employment Committee MEPs that EU countries must ensure that workers are able to exercise the right to disconnect effectively. Some of the member states in the European Union have recently implemented the right into their legal system (Portugal, Spain, France), but each member state takes a different approach. That means that discussion is no longer if there is a need to implement the “right to disconnect” in national legal acts, but how to implement the right efficiently not only at a national level but at the EU level as well.The goal of the research is to provide an in-depth analysis of the legal status of the “right to disconnect” in the legal system of the European Union and Latvia. In order to reach the goal, the author is using various scientific research methods. The paper is based on a quantitative research method and analytical, comparative, case law analysis method to provide valid conclusions on the current role of the “right to disconnect” in Latvia and the European Union. The author also offers recommendations on how to implement the “right to disconnect” efficiently to avoid violation of employees’ rights and ensure a sustainable work environment.In the result, the author has concluded that the biggest impediment of the employee's right to disconnect is the lack of clear legislative preconditions that would encourage businesses to preserve employees' freedom to disconnect, resulting in a more sustainable working environment - both in the office and remotely.Finally, the author concludes that there is a need to adjust regulation in Latvia to meet the needs of widespread use of remote work. The author also concludes that a significant role to protect employees’ right to disconnect is for governmental authorities to explain the right to disconnect to employees and employers.
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Licite, Ieva, and Dina Popluga. "THE MAPPING OF CLIMATE AND AGRICULTURAL POLICIES TARGETING ORGANIC SOIL MANAGEMENT: CASE STUDY FROM LATVIA." In 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022/5.1/s23.099.
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Organic soil management and related climate and agriculture policy planning is emerging issue globally, at European Union (EU) level and nationally, especially for organic soil rich countries like Latvia and in a light of movement towards climate neutrality by 2050. Relatively small proportion of these soils by area significantly impact greenhouse gas (GHG) emission balance of many European countries including Latvia where organic soil management related GHG emissions make up to one third of GHG emissions associated with agriculture land management. Organic soil can act either as an effective carbon storage or as considerable source of greenhouse gas emissions. The effect achieved largely depends on the management practices applied and considering importance of agriculture support system - also on agriculture and climate policy planning. In this study we analyze top-down policy and legislative framework of organic soil management in Latvia to detect development pattern of the political importance of organic soil and to map normative and policy framework around this issue. We found that international policies, i.e. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and related European level agriculture and Climate policies i.e. European Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) and Climate policy are drivers of organic soil management at national level. Study results show genesis of the organic soil issue, map political time frame and suggest further development needs.
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Moore, Steven. "New Processing Technology for Water as an Ingredient." In ASME 2005 Citrus Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/cec2005-5103.
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There are several things in life that we take for granted. Water is very often one of them. Each of us uses this vital liquid, the most common substance on earth, everyday. And we rarely think twice about it. Governments and international legislative bodies worldwide are redefining what is “safe to drink.” The United States has led the way by passing into law an amended Safe Drinking Water Act. The European community is considering these standards and the World Health Organization (WHO) provides the impetus for issuing a minimum common standard for the European countries. American consumers are becoming more aware of water quality and consistency. The popularity and increased demand for bottled water continues to grow as people desire better quality and consistency, and are willing to pay for the product. This paper will address the issues of water safety and consistency for a citrus processing plant using water as an ingredient, in food contact, or is contemplating off-season bottled water production. Paper published with permission.
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Brković, Radoje. "ORGANIZATOR VOLONTERSKE USLUGE." In XV Majsko savetovanje: Sloboda pružanja usluga i pravna sigurnost. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/xvmajsko.437b.
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The question of the organization of volunteering plays a particularly important role, since the quality of the volunteer service provided and its realization depends directly on the method of organizing volunteer work. When it comes to the organization of volunteering, it is expected that the state bodies, as well as the organs of local self-governments, take active participation in this. This provides active support and encouragement of volunteer work by the state and state authorities, in accordance with the contemporary tendencies of revival and revitalization of volunteer work. Although volunteer work is primarily related to the activity of humanitarian work and work with particularly vulnerable categories of population, the tendency is that volunteering as a form of engaging people, different age and education structures is actualized in all areas of social life, as is the case with countries in the region, as well as Member States of the European Union.
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Tišma, Sanja, Andrea Ruk, Dragana Markanović, and Iva Tolić. "SMEs Digital Transformation – Are We Ready?" In 8th International Scientific Conference ERAZ - Knowledge Based Sustainable Development. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/eraz.2022.141.
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The paper presents the results of the analysis of the readiness of small and medium enterprises, VET providers, high education institutions and consultancy organizations towards digital and bionic transformation and acquisition of a “bionic status”. The purpose of the paper is to find out which key skills and knowledge are needed for employees in order to be ready for digital transformation. SMEs that were a part of the survey operate in different economic sectors in various countries of the European Union (Spain, Slovenia, Poland, Croatia, Ukraine, Austria, Italy, Germany, Macedonia, Switzerland, Belgium, and Hungary). Other organisations such as public bodies, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), universities and technological centres also participated in the survey on digital competences. Key conclusions of the analysis indicate that almost all participants are familiar with the need for digital transformation, but that knowledge about 4.0 technologies is still lacking. The most significant knowledge is in robotics, 3D printing and Cloud Services, big data, and IoT. Blockchain and artificial intelligence are considered less important for digital transformation. However, a strong need for further education and training in all of these areas was expressed.
Reports on the topic "Legislative bodies – European Union countries"
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Fairlie, Alan. New challenges for the European Union's Multiparty Trade Agreement with Peru, Colombia and Ecuador. Fundación Carolina, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33960/issn-e.1885-9119.dtff02en.
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This document analyses the trade and cooperation relations between the European Union and the Andean countries with which the Multiparty Trade Agreement was signed (Peru, Ecuador and Colombia). It also examines the progress and challenges in terms of the sustainable development agenda, political dialogue and cooperation within the framework of the agreement. From there, it explores the different technical difficulties that have arisen in the implementation of the agreement and the role of the monitoring bodies. The aim is to study the strategic importance of the agreement in relations between the European Union and Peru, Ecuador and Colombia, and its contribution to the post-pandemic economic recovery and the promotion of new development models.