Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Legibility'
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1
Shokouhi, Mahshid. "Legibility of urban layouts." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322935.
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Cho, JunMo. "The nature of legibility conditions." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ49920.pdf.
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Beier, Sofie. "Typeface legibility : towards defining familiarity." Thesis, Royal College of Art, 2009. http://researchonline.rca.ac.uk/957/.
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The aim of the project is to investigate the influence of fa- miliarity on reading. Three new fonts were created in order to examine the familiarity of fonts that readers could not have seen before. Each of the new fonts contains lowercase letters with fa- miliar and unfamiliar skeleton variations. The different skeleton variations were tested with distance threshold and time thresh- old methods in order to account for differences in visibility. This investigation helped create final typeface designs where the fa- miliar and unfamiliar skeleton variations have roughly similar and good performance. The typefaces were later applied as the test material in the familiarity investigation. Some typographers have proposed that familiarity means the amount of time that a reader has been exposed to a typeface design, while other typographers have proposed that familiarity is the commonalities in letterforms. These two hypotheses were tested by measuring the reading speed and preference of partici- pants, as they read fonts that had either common or uncommon letterforms, the fonts were then re-measured after an exposure period. The results indicate that exposure has an immediate ef- fect on the speed of reading, but that unfamiliar letter features only have an effect of preference and not on reading speed. By combining the craftsmen’s knowledge of designing with the methods of experimental research, the project takes a new step forward towards a better understanding of how different type- faces can influence the reading process.
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Ingram, Robert J. "Legibility enhancement for information visualisation." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307802.
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Lund, Ole. "Knowledge construction in typography the case of legibility research and the legibility of sans serif typefaces /." Thesis, Online version, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=1&uin=uk.bl.ethos.301973.
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Chen, Chung-Yun. "Graphic legibility enhancement using simplification guidelines." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/16408/.
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This study explores an approach to app icon legibility enhancement. Four areas of research are included: (1) design process; (2) the trend of logo/app icon redesign; (3) graphic legibility and (4) graphic simplification. It presents the results of five experiments designed to capture and compare design principles. Firstly, the result categorised the characteristics of simple shape. Secondly, the agreement of simplification judgement was summarised based on the average score of participants. Thirdly, the impact of each simplification criterion was compared and represented as a ratio; a measurement template and simplification guidelines were also generated at this stage. Fourthly, how this design principle (simplification guidelines) can be applied in practical use by student designers was examined. Finally, the legibility enhancement test was proved by the results of reaction time and accuracy improvement. The findings of this study determined the impact of simplification criteria with regard to: component, open-closed, weight, form, symmetry, angles and straight-curved respectively. After identifying these design principles (simplification guidelines), graphic designers, user interface designers and other users will be enabled to design a more legible logo/app icon design required for display on small devices.
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Rader, Anna C. "Verification and legibility in Somaliland's identity architecture." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2016. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/23653/.
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Chung, Jenniefur. "Identifying the legibility of the roadscape in motion." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B3643291X.
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Chung, Jenniefur, and 鍾珍莉. "Identifying the legibility of the roadscape in motion." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3643291X.
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Vatan, Sahika. "Development of a legibility model and PC software to predict the legibility of text on traffic signs for high luminance and constrast conditions." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1175712386.
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Metz, Marilyn. "Preferences of consumers age 50+ for typography of product instruction labels." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=42096.
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Fifty well-educated consumers over 50 years of age selected print variables within the safety zone for optimal print presentation. A Typography Variable Score (TVScore) matrix based on deviations from optimal print was developed in order to provide a means of assessing consumer product instruction labels. There was a significant correlation between the TVScore and participants' ratings of ease of reading and attractiveness of 40 product instruction labels presented. A modified Miscue Analysis procedure was developed and used to assess the influence of typography on the ease of reading of labels with different typography and TVScores. Participants who read the label with most deviations from optimal print, and therefore the highest TVScore, made significantly more reading miscues. Typography of product instruction labels is an important feature for ease of reading. The Typography Variable Score provides a reliable means of predicting ease of reading for well-educated consumers over 50 years of age.
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Butler, Timothy S. "Human interaction with digital ink : legibility measurement and structural analysis." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/14158.
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Literature suggests that it is possible to design and implement pen-based computer interfaces that resemble the use of pen and paper. These interfaces appear to allow users freedom in expressing ideas and seem to be familiar and easy to use. Different ideas have been put forward concerning this type of interface, however despite the commonality of aims and problems faced, there does not appear to be a common approach to their design and implementation. This thesis aims to progress the development of pen-based computer interfaces that resemble the use of pen and paper. To do this, a conceptual model is proposed for interfaces that enable interaction with "digital ink". This conceptual model is used to organize and analyse the broad range of literature related to pen-based interfaces, and to identify topics that are not sufficiently addressed by published research. Two issues highlighted by the model: digital ink legibility and digital ink structuring, are then investigated. In the first investigation, methods are devised to objectively and subjectively measure the legibility of handwritten script. These methods are then piloted in experiments that vary the horizontal rendering resolution of handwritten script displayed on a computer screen. Script legibility is shown to decrease with rendering resolution, after it drops below a threshold value. In the second investigation, the clustering of digital ink strokes into words is addressed. A method of rating the accuracy of clustering algorithms is proposed: the percentage of words spoiled. The clustering error rate is found to vary among different writers, for a clustering algorithm using the geometric features of both ink strokes, and the gaps between them. The work contributes a conceptual interface model, methods of measuring digital ink legibility, and techniques for investigating stroke clustering features, to the field of digital ink interaction research.
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Martinez, Marcus E. (Marcus Eugene). "Urban mechanics : the parking garage as an instrument of legibility." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/72817.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 73).
No typology has fragmented urban space more than the parking garage. In fact, the city of Houston's parking contingent practice has a resulted in a garage on 30% of the downtown district.The range from a few underground floors to 15 stories above ground make the garage both a defining contextual attribute and a testament to independently functioning sites. This thesis speculates upon the parking garage typology as an instrument of urban legibility and future growth. When limited to the efficiencies of disciplinary conventions garages are distinct facilitative structures that are site adapted anywhere and predictably limited to the function of vehicle storage. Yet by focussing on the immense scale, the structural language of the garage can be configured as a structural infrastructure that can serve beyond the needs of the vehicle and exert higher-level roles for greater urban spaces.
by Marcus E. Martinez.
S.M.
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Zigelbaum, Jamie B. "Mending fractured spaces : external legibility and seamlessness in interface design." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/46586.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2008.Includes bibliographical references (p. 97-108).
This thesis presents External Legibility: a property of user interfaces that affects the ability of non-participating observers to understand the context of a user's actions. Claims of its value are supported with arguments from the social sciences and human-computer interaction literature; research in designing tangible user interfaces; and an experiment comparing the external legibility of four interaction techniques.
by Jamie B. Zigelbaum.
S.M.
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Monaghan, Jessica Kate. "Feigned illness and bodily legibility in eighteenth-century British culture." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/17876.
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The simulation of sickness intrigued British writers from the very beginning of the eighteenth century, attracting attention within a wide range of social spheres. Drawing upon texts from the fields of literature, medicine, theology, welfare policy, the military, and the law courts, this interdisciplinary thesis combines close textual analysis with an examination of social and cultural contexts in order to explain why the issue of feigned illness became such a prevalent and enduring source of debate in eighteenth-century Britain. Both the allure and the threat of simulated sickness lay in the ability of ill health to confer power upon the sufferer. On the one hand ill health might operate as a signifier of social or spiritual importance, yet sickness also functioned as a source of practical power, enabling emotional manipulation, exemption from social duties, and access to resources. The perceived benefits of ill health made the identification of simulated illness a matter of importance, yet the subject would not have attracted such attention were it not for prevailing doubts as to the legibility of the body. As this thesis indicates, the varied attitudes towards and representations of simulated sickness provide fascinating insights into the preoccupations of writers of different spheres and periods. Nevertheless, broader trends in attitudes towards bodily legibility and feigned illness are visible. Early eighteenth-century writers were generally wary of trusting external appearances, while the middle decades of the century were marked by an expression of faith in the natural legibility of the body, as demonstrated by the fashion for the literature of sensibility, acting through feeling, and the medico-literary rhetoric of nerves. Renewed scepticism towards the close of the century resulted in growing debates about the duty of medical practitioners to detect feigned illness, and the methods by which this might be accomplished. While the treatment of the subject evolved, its continued relevance highlights a sustained cultural preoccupation with the legibility of the body and its potential to mislead or even deceive, a subject that continued to fascinate writers to the very end of the eighteenth century.
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Moseley, M. J. "The effects of vibration on visual performance and display legibility." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1986. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/52295/.
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The research programme described in this thesis examines the theoretical and practical aspects of visual degradation caused by vibration. Initially, the published literature was reviewed in two areas: the effects of vibration on visual performance and the influence of display parameters on legibility under normal and vibration-degraded viewing conditions. A series of eight experiments were then conducted to assess visual performance and display legibility with reading and threshold detection tasks presented on cathode ray tube displays. The first experiment compared the visual degradation caused by sinusoidal and narrow-band random vibration in the frequency range 2.5 to 31.5 Hz. Random vibration produced a significantly smaller reading performance decrement than sinusoidal vibration. This finding was attributed to the greater probability of low image velocity with the random vibration stimuli and, in a follow-up experiment, velocity-based predictions accounted for the visual performance decrements due to laboratory-simulated aircraft vibration. A comparison of the effects of whole-body, display and simultaneous whole-body and display vibration showed that at frequencies below 4 Hz, vibration of the display resulted in the largest performance decrement and simultaneous vibration of observer and display, the least. In a second series of experiments, display parameters (horizontal and vertical character separation, contrast, font and symbol definition) were manipulated during static and vibration-degraded viewing conditions. Vertical separation was found to be a more significant variable than horizontal separation and tentative guidelines for character separation were stated. The relationship between contrast and legibility was shown to be quadratic during static and vibration-degraded viewing conditions. Optimum legibility occurred in the contrast range 60 to 88% . The determination of font and symbol definition requirements showed that for characters of equal subtense, 7x9 dot-matrix characters were significantly more legible than 5x7 characters during whole-body vibration. Differences between two frequently recommended fonts, the Huddleston and Lincoln Mitre, were not apparent at 7x9 definition although at 5x7 definition the Huddleston font was responsible for significantly fewer reading errors. In the final experiment, the spatial filtering characteristics of vibration were examined. In addition to an alphanumeric reading task, contrast thresholds for sinusoidally modulated grating patterns were determined during whole-body vibration. It was shown that the effects of vibration could be conceived as low-pass spatial filtering and the implications of this finding for simulating the effects of vibration were discussed. The overall findings of the experimental programme have been summarised and areas for future research discussed.
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Kurokawa, Ko. "The effect of rotation on legibility of dot-matrix characters." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43045.
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When dot-matrix characters are rotated, as might be the case in a moving map display, their dot-matrix patterns are distorted and their legibility is thus affected. In this experiment, 16 subjects performed a random search task, in which they were asked to look for a target in a random character pattern. The independent variables were the direction (clockwise or counterclockwise) and the angle of stimulus image rotation, and the target character's distance from the center of screen, which was also the center of rotation; the dependent variables were response time and response correctness.
Significant effects were found in the angle of rotation, the target character's distance from the center, and the target character. The results indicate that (1) no angle-dependent mechanism is involved in performing this task and the angle of rotation influences recognition mainly through the distortion of dot-matrix patterns, (2) the target character's (radial) distance from the center of screen is the determining factor for search time, while the x and y coordinates of the target contributed to dot-matrix pattern distortion, and (3) the target characters interacted differently with the angle and distance factors to determine the extent of distortion and their legibility.
Means to quantify the extent of distortion were discussed and the direction for future research is offered.
Master of Science
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Gådin, Valter. "Factors for Good Text Legibility : Eye-tracking in Virtual Reality." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-447167.
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Living with a hearing impairment can have a large impact on a person’slife. There already exists many different aids to help in their life, butas technology advances new solutions can be created to further improvethe life quality for everyone. Two technologies that have advanced andbecome more affordable are Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality(AR). A potential aid for those with a hearing impairment could bea system where speech is converted to text and presented in AR to theuser. Such a system must have an easily read and legible text. In this master thesis legibility and user perception are studied for differenttext presentation in VR. The VR enables a more controlled environmentthan AR. Reading speed, subjective scoring and eye-movementdata are used to analyze the presentations. Lastly, some design recommendationsbased on the findings are presented. The result showed that the legibility was affected by many factors.Middle-layers (layer between the fore- and background) improved thelegibility, especially over complex backgrounds. The size of the textalso affected legibility where the larger text performed the worst. Theoptimal number of lines of text seems to be two. There were variationsbetween the preferred presentations, indicating that a future systemmight seek to accommodate this by some level of customization.
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Cameron, Agnes Fury. "Cybernetic maintenance : exploring infrastructure legibility of waste systems at MIT." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/123632.
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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2019Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages [95]-104).
If Waste is Information, what can be learned from an understanding of waste management at MIT as a complex information system? Through engaging people with their role within a waste system, can relations to and practices of waste management change? This thesis presents a case study for making and evaluating context-driven and critical civic games in partnership with local organisations. Working with waste management and sustainability efforts on campus, I explore issues with waste at MIT as a 'crisis of representation', drawing on ideas from systems theory, participatiory urbanism, environmental psychology and game design to develop a new 'systems image' of waste on campus. Through two controlled studies, I examine the potentials and limitations of such work for changing attitudes and behaviours, and the pitfalls of attempting to separate educational interventions from their infrastructural context. More generally, this project contributes to an understanding of how we might use participatory, critical and exploratory games to make legible complex civic systems, and the role of that legibility in changing both individuals, and the systems themselves.
by Agnes Fury Cameron.
S.M.
S.M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences
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Vatan, Şahika. "Development of a legibility model and PC software to predict the legibility of text on trafic [sic] traffic signs for high luminance and contrast conditions." Ohio : Ohio University, 2003. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1175712386.
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LIMA, VERA LOPES DE ABREU. "LEGIBILITY AND READABILITY OF MEDICINES PACKAGE INSERTS PRESENT ON CARDIOVASCULAR PATIENTSNULLTREATMENT." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2007. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=10722@1.
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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIORCom o envelhecimento da população brasileira o número de pacientes de doenças crônicas aumenta acentuadamente. A informação adequada ao paciente é elemento fundamental para que este seja parte ativa, aumentando assim a eficiência do tratamento. As bulas dos medicamentos podem contribuir de forma significativa para a informação dos pacientes. Entretanto, para que isto ocorra, é necessário que a bula seja projetada levando em consideração as necessidades do usuário. A hipótese desta pesquisa é que a desconsideração do usuário no projeto das bulas presentes no tratamento de doenças cardiovasculares acarreta dificuldade na legibilidade e leiturabilidade destas, gerando riscos pelo uso inadequado do medicamento. Esta pesquisa tem o objetivo de colaborar para o aumento da segurança dos pacientes crônicos na administração de medicamentos, através da identificação dos fatores que prejudicam a legibilidade e leiturabilidade das bulas. Para se alcançar estes objetivos foram utilizados métodos e técnicas em duas etapas. Primeiramente, foram realizadas entrevistas com médicos e pacientes, e avaliações heurísticas de duas bulas de um medicamento antihipertensivo largamente usado. Em seguida, foram realizados questionários junto a médicos e pacientes do Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia, no Rio de Janeiro, a respeito da legibilidade e leiturabilidade das bulas, assim como sua colaboração na compreensão da enfermidade e tratamento. Através destes métodos, foram confirmados problemas graves na legibilidade e leiturabilidade das bulas presentes no tratamento de doentes cardíacos, gerando insegurança do paciente e perigo no uso de medicamentos.
Due the increasing aging of Brazilian population, it is also increasing the number of chronic diseases´ patients. Adequate information is vital for the patient to take an active role on treatment, increasing treatments´ efficiency. Patient packages inserts may contribute significantly for patients´ information. This research is based on the hypotheses that there is a lack on users´ needs during the patient leaflets design. This lack may cause legibility and readability problems and, consequently, risks by the inadequate use of medicine. The aim of the present research is to contribute to the safe use of medicines from cardiovascular patients. Factors that may prejudice leaflets´legibility and readability were investigated. The research techniques used were: Firstly interview with physicians and patients, and heuristic evaluation of two leaflets of the most widely sold anti hypertensive medicine in Brazil. Then, two questionnaires were applied; one with physicians and the other with patients of the Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia (National Institute of Cardiology), in Rio de Janeiro. Those two questionnaires concerned on the leaflets´ legibility and readability, and its cooperation on the patients´ comprehension of their disease and treatment. Serious legibility and readability problems were identified on the leaflets, generating patient insecurity and unsafe medicines´use.
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Duncombe, Andrew. "Legibility of machine readable codes used for gas turbine part tracking." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2012. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/10424.
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Gas turbines are comprised of many parts, which are often expensive and required to
survive a harsh environment for significant periods (with or without reconditioning). To
differentiate between parts, and facilitate keeping accurate historical records, they are
often given a unique identification number. However, manually recording and tracking
these is difficult. This has led to increased adoption of machine readable codes to help
reduce or eliminate many of the issues currently faced (mostly human error). The harsh
environment of a gas turbine means that typical methods of applying machine readable
codes, such as printed adhesive labels, are simply not durable enough. Direct part marking
(DPM) is necessary to ensure the desired longevity of the code over the part's useful life.
The research presented in this thesis was approached in two main phases. Firstly, the
author sought to investigate the technical solutions available for the elements required
of a part tracking system (encoding, marking and scanning). This included identifying
the characteristics of each and their compatibility with one other (across elements). In
conjunction with Alstom, criteria were identified that were used as a basis for comparison
so that the preferred technical solutions could be determined. The outcome of this process
was enhanced by the author developing a number of industrial contacts experienced in
implementing part tracking systems.
The second phase related to the legibility of the codes. The harsh environment of a
gas turbine results in surface degradation that may in turn reduce the legibility of any
machine readable codes present. To better understand why read failures occur, the author
_rst looked to the scanning process. Data Matrix symbols (marked via dot peen) require
the scanner to capture an image for processing. Image capture is typically achieved using
a charge-coupled device (CCD), each pixel of which induces a charge proportional to the
incident illumination. This illumination is received via reflection from the surface of the
part and hence the Data Matrix marked on it. Several surface features were identified that
govern the way in which the part surface will reflect light back to the scanner: surface
roughness, dot geometry and surface colour. These parameters are important because
they link the degradation mechanisms occurring { broadly categorised as deposition,
erosion or corrosion { with the scanning process. Whilst the degradation mechanisms
are distinctly different in their behaviour, their effect on surface reflectivity is common
in that they can all be characterised via the surface parameters identified. This was
deduced theoretically and so the author completed tests (utilising shot blasting to change
the surface roughness and oxidation to change its colour, independently) to show that
these surface parameters do indeed change with the introduction of surface degradation
and that there is a commensurate change in symbol legibility.
Based on the learning derived with respect to Data Matrix legibility, the author has
proposed a framework for developing a tool referred to as a Risk Matrix System. This
tool is intended to enhance the application of part tracking to gas turbine engines by
enabling symbol durability to be assessed based on the expected operating conditions.
The research presented is the first step in fully understanding the issues that affect the
legibility of symbols applied to gas turbine parts. The author's main contribution to
learning has been the identification of knowledge from various other sources applicable to
this situation and to present it in a coherent and complete manner. From this foundation,
others will be able to pursue relevant issues further; the author has made a number of
recommendations to this effect.
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Salway, Matthew Charles. "The pursuit of character : legibility and masculinity in U.S. literary culture." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/16242/.
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This dissertation reads ‘character’ as a formative concept in U.S. literature and culture. The word speaks to the creation of myth, to the impact of dominant cultural narratives upon individual identity, and to the construction of untruths for the purpose of communicating truth. In the nineteenth-century United States, I argue, character was perceived as a defining aspect of personhood, and gave shape to culturally specific understandings of citizenship and national identity. My primary focus is on how competing genealogies of character intersected in late nineteenth-century and early twentieth-century U.S. literature, where the term held multiple meanings: a political expectation of citizenship and of the nation state; a marker of social, economic and moral eligibility; and an outward display of spiritual salvation inherited from Calvinist theology. In each chapter, I locate my central ideas within a complex nexus of literary admiration, imitation and suggestion, through which character comes into view as a vital and effective form of cultural interchange. Yet, equally, I suggest that certain writers articulated anxieties about judging individuals on a narrow understanding of what it meant to be socially legible. My aim is to chart the influence of character through the forms of resistance that emerged against it. I demonstrate how, for Nathaniel Hawthorne, Harold Frederic, Henry James and Sinclair Lewis, representing Americans in fiction meant acknowledging that character was not so much an immutable fact of selfhood as a culturally produced identity constituted by public approval.
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Reger, James J. "Legibility prediction for flat-panel displays under fluorescent and daylight illumination." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54791.
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This research effort was directed at the development of legibility prediction models for flat-panel electronic displays used under typical office illumination (i.e., fluorescent) and various phases of daylight illumination. The models are intended to permit the manipulation of candidate display technologies and pertinent display characteristics such that legibility is maximized with respect to specified viewing conditions. Further, the legibility prediction models are intended to serve as an aid to the display designer in the intelligent selection of a display device for a known application.
Critical legibility parameters were identified and relevant display measurement techniques were developed. A multiple degree of freedom daylight simulation apparatus capable of simulating the desired office and daylight illumination was designed and constructed. Reading speed performance data was collected from 14 subjects representative of both an age 18 to 30 group and an age 50 to 70 group. Each subject performed a numeral identification task using seven candidate flat-panel display technologies under 120 different symbol subtense/illumination/viewing angle arrangements. In addition, complete display characterization through microphotometric and microradiometric measurements was conducted for the seven flat-panel technologies under each of the viewing conditions.
The results of the experiment revealed significant differences and complex interactions among the display technologies and viewing conditions which provided an excellent basis for the development of legibility prediction models. Extensive regression analyses were performed in which the human performance data was compared to both the critical legibility parameters and the display characterization measurements. Multiple sets of technology-based legibility prediction equations were successfully derived for each age group along with a generalized flat-panel display legibility prediction model.
The models developed permit the evaluation and comparison of candidate display devices based on predicted reading speed as an indicant of legibility for a specified viewing environment. The required display characterization measurements can be collected in the field or under simulated conditions using commercially available hand-held measurement devices. In the absence of specific measures, careful estimation through comparison with similar display measurements contained in this report may be acceptable for certain applications.
In their final form, the legibility prediction models serve as an aid in the evaluation and selection of electronic displays for a known application. In addition, the generalized legibility prediction equation developed holds the potential for application to other similar display technologies beyond those flat-panel candidates examined in the present study. Further, use of the models may permit the evaluation of new displays and display concepts without the immediate need for purchase, prototype construction, or complicated simulation.Ph. D.
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Lippert, Thomas M. "Unitary suprathreshold color-difference metrics of legibility for CRT raster imagery." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54312.
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This dissertation examined the relationships between color contrast and legibility for digital raster video imagery. CIE colorimetric components were combined into three-dimensional color coordinate systems whose coordinates map one-to-one with the physical energy parameters of all colors. The distance between any two colors' coordinates in these 3-spaces is termed Color-Difference (ΔE). ΔE was hypothesized as a metric of the speed (RS) with which observers possessing normal vision could accurately read random numeral strings of one color displayed against backgrounds of another color.
Two studies totaling 32064 practice and experimental trials were conducted. The first study determined that the CIE Uniform Color Spaces are inappropriate for the modeling of RS. Subsequently, a different 3-space geometry and colorimetric component scaling were empirically derived from the Study 1 data to produce a one-dimensional ΔE scale which ” approximates an interval scale of RS. This ΔE scale and others were then applied to the different stimulus conditions in Study 2 to determine the generalizability of such ΔE metrics.
The pair of studies is conclusive: several ΔE scales exist which serve equally well to describe or prescribe RS with multicolor CRT raster imagery for a range of character luminances in both positive and negative presentation polarities. These are the Y,u',v', logY,u',v', L*,u',v', and L*,u*,v* rescaled color spaces. Because of its predictive accuracy and simplicity, a luminance—generalized, ΔE—standardized Y,u',v' metric, accounting for 71% and 75% of the RS variability in Studies 1 and 2, respectively, is recommended as the most appropriate metric of emissive display legibility to be tested in these studies.Ph. D.
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Lichtenthäler, Christina [Verfasser], Daniel [Akademischer Betreuer] Cremers, Marc A. [Akademischer Betreuer] Hanheide, and Alexandra [Akademischer Betreuer] Kirsch. "Legibility of Robot Behavior : Investigating Legibility of Robot Navigation in Human-Robot Path Crossing Scenarios / Christina Lichtenthäler. Gutachter: Marc A. Hanheide ; Daniel Cremers ; Alexandra Kirsch. Betreuer: Daniel Cremers." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1066897123/34.
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Schnell, Thomas. "Legibility optimization of uppercase alphanumeric text for displaying messages in traffic applications." Ohio : Ohio University, 1998. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1175194520.
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Gosse, Ross. "Adapting Hvistendahl's and Kahl's typographic legibility study to the World Wide Web." Virtual Press, 1999. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1129625.
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In 1975, J.K. Hvistendahl and Mary R. Kahl tested 200 individuals to determine if readers preferred serif type for the body text of stories in newspapers. Subjects read stories set in serif and sans serif type. They were timed and asked for their preference as to which typeface they felt was more legible. The researchers found that test subjects preferred serif type the body text in their newsprint. After comparing the time it took subjects to read stories, researchers found readers needed less time to read stories set in serif type than sans serif.Almost 25 years later, another generation of readers has emerged, and Web pages are commonplace among many newspapers today. Yet nothing has been done to determine if these same findings are true for the World Wide Web. This study set out to do just that.Two hundred subjects were recruited for this study, each one placed into one of four groups: male student, male non-student, female student, and female non-student. Each subject was asked to read two 325-word stories, each on its own World Wide Web page. One story was set in a serif typeface, the other set in a sans serif typeface. Subjects were unobrusively timed with a stopwatch as they read each story. After reading the two stories, they were asked which typeface they felt was more legible, serif or sans serif.Overall, readers showd no statistically significant preference for serif or sans serif type in body text on the World Wide Web. The data was tested with ANOVA while frequencies and were also gathered. Only one statistically significant interaction surfaced which found that male students, who preferred sans serif type, took a statistically significant longer time to read online stories set in serif type.Department of Journalism
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Specht, Heidi. "Legibility how precedents established in print impact on-screen and dynamic typography /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2000. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1426.
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Thesis (M.F.A.)--West Virginia University, 2000.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains iv, 25 p. : ill. (some col.) Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 23-25).
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Thomas, Stephanie. "The incidence of a near point pencil grip and some educational effects in 7 to 10 year olds." Thesis, Coventry University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245486.
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Prestedge, Grant Alexander. "Legibility between the lines : exploring everyday literacies through economic and creative skills training." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/30010.
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This study aims to define an architecture of opportunity within the context of everyday literacies. In the adaptation of an existing building, holding anonymity within the Pretorius Street skyline and the information overload, an architectural literacy should develop which promotes the continuation of the narrative of the city. Focussing on the re-use of space to connect with existing movement patterns, the investigation explores various forms of legibility to improve the everyday experience and awareness to the adaptation. Responding to the established nature of the city fabric, the investigation reveals the depths of a city block: exposing programmes, concealed spaces and layers of meaning which contribute to the notion of city as possibility.Dissertation (MArch(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Architecture
unrestricted
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Dettrick-Janes, Michelle. "An investigation of handwriting legibility and pencil use tasks in healthy older adults." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/18389.
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This project explores handwriting legibility and pencil use tasks in 120 healthy older Australian adults, aged 60 to 99 years. A cross sectional study design was used. The aim of these studies was to explore if handwriting legibility or pencil use performance deteriorated as people aged. This is important to help therapists determine if handwriting difficulties following stroke, or other medical conditions, are more likely a consequence of condition-related impairments or due to ‘normal ageing’. Tasks performed under standardised test conditions included writing copied and self-composed sentences, shopping lists, transcribing a telephone message and completing the ‘lines’ and ‘dots’ pencil use Motor Assessment Scale (MAS) subtests. Handwriting legibility was scored using the Modified Four Point Scale-version 2. The first study explored the distribution of handwriting legibility scores in healthy older adults, relationships between handwriting legibility, age and writing task and reliability of rating procedures. Results indicated that handwriting generally remained legible in older adults, regardless of increasing age. The second study explored the performance of older adults without stroke on the ‘lines’ and ‘dots’ tasks, the relationship between age and task performance, and the relationship between writing speed and performance on the ‘lines’ task. Results indicated that many older adults failed the ‘lines’ task and many over 90 years of age failed the ‘dots’ task. Results suggest that impaired handwriting legibility in older adults who have had a stroke (or other medical condition) is likely due to the effects of the medical condition (or the complexity of the task) rather than ‘normal ageing’. However, failure to pass the ‘lines’ and ‘dots’ tasks is likely related to a combination of age and individual skill level and not solely due to condition-related impairment. A revised method for rating performance on the ‘lines’ and ‘dots’ tasks is also proposed.
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Kamandhari, Helen Hendaria. "The Comparability of Typographic and Substrate Variables in Legibility and Readability Research: An Integrative Review." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/88744.
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This study focuses on the ability, or inability, to replicate or compare the design of text-related research from the perspective of the independent or dependent variables employed in such designs. Prior text-related research has used variables that were not clearly described or defined, could not be directly compared from one study or time period to the next, or were applied inappropriately. Measurements of typography-related and substrate-related variables may have absolute or relative values, and confusion can arise if the variables are not clearly identified and defined. The study is an integrative review with mixed methods research design investigating 44 books and two websites (part 1), and 83 journal articles and four theses/dissertations (part 2). The integrative review shows that the sources investigated present neither essential information on typographic and substrate characteristics nor consistent definitions of legibility and readability in order to allow comparable replication from one study to another. Findings are displayed in Chapter 4. Discussion and the related details are presented in Chapter 5.PHD
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Tang, Lucia. "In Search of an Architectural Legibility: Human Movement Behavior and Wayfinding for Pattern Design." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1307441877.
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Cuciurean-Zapan, Marta. "Aging Legibly: Policy and Practice Among Non-Profit Professionals." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2011. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/213113.
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AnthropologyM.A.
In this study I utilize ethnographic research to explore how professionals working within non-profit organizations in the field of aging implement and navigate shifts in old age policy. I consider how these shifts are informed by changes in the political economy as well as the construction of knowledge about older adults through mainstream gerontology and the media. I explore how groups, such as older adults and caregivers, are produced and reproduced through policy, defined both as an exercise of power and the everyday practice of practitioners. This study is based on a combination of methods, including a year of participant observation and semi-structured interviews with members of an elder advocacy organization in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Participant observation took place primarily in the offices of this organization. I attended meetings and events in other locations in Philadelphia, which usually dealt with other non-profit or government groups. Thirteen interviews with staff members at this organization, as well as with individuals in additional organizations in the field of aging, provided insight into the constraints and opportunities created by federal and state aging policy for those that work "on the ground." The interviews explored the goals of these programs, organizational understanding of the target population, and external factors that affect the trajectory of these programs. I argue that, (1) aging is increasingly depoliticized through the concept of "successful aging," which professionals alternately reproduce and resist; (2) this process facilitates the roll-back of social welfare programs, and; (3) that this "aging system" creates constraints and contradictions for those who work within it, which are rooted in the effort to simplify and define population groups or make them "legible," in order to utilize government and private resources.
Temple University--Theses
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Connolly, G. Kevin. "Legibility and readability of small print, effects of font, observer age and spatial vision." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0027/MQ31338.pdf.
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Fidelis, Gaudêncio C. "The reception and legibility of Brazilian contemporary art in the United States (1995-2005)." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2008.
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Gowda, Rakshit N. "Evaluation of the effect of Clearview font and retro-reflective sheeting materials on legibility distance." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/4268.
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Subbaram, Venkiteshwar Manoj. "Effect of display and text parameters on reading performance." Connect to this title online, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1089408221.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004.Document formatted into pages; contains 275 p. Includes bibliographical references. Abstract available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center; full text release delayed at author's request until 2005 July 12.
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Harrison, Stuart, and stuart harrison@rmit edu au. "Designing Appropriately - Design projects to examine how contemporary civic buildings can be distinguishable in suburban and regional Australia." RMIT University. Architecture and Design, 2008. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080428.122307.
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This research investigates contemporary architecture's difficulty in distinguishing new civic buildings from commercial and other non-public building types. Historically, the desire to create a clear typological distinction for the civic has come and gone through periods of time and key practitioners. Through projects, the masters attempts to formulate strategies to speak of the civic in the contemporary condition. The research aims to consider architectural language and its use in the context of new public buildings to establish a sense of difference from dominant urban typologies, and be grounded within a contemporary reading of the civic. This project-based research features three principal resolved design projects - a Civic Centre in Mildura; Council Offices for the City of Hume, Broadmeadows; and a new 'civic school' in the Melbourne outer suburb of Mill Park. The design process undertaken for each project is subject to investigation of selected precedents, both contemporary and historical, and these are explored through an illustrated written chapter.
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Prasad, Sanjay. "Legibility of visual display units." 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/23783.
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蔡爭岳. "The Effect of Viewing Angle on Legibility." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/04062708754605942773.
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碩士國立臺灣科技大學
管理研究所工業管理學程
87
The purpose of this study was to find the relationship of viewing angle and legibility for Chinese characters. We would reach the medial variables : stroekwidth -to-height ratio (S/H ratio),strokes number, configuration type of Chinese characters affect relationship of viewing angle vs. legibility. There are two experiments in this study.Experiment 1 aimed to find the viewing angle vs. legibility relationship, and how does S/H ratio affect this relationship.The viewing angle, S/H ratio, strokes number, are independent variables. Ten subjects were asked to write what was the character displayed with VDT. The rate of correct recognition was used as dependent variable. Experiment 2 aimed to find What do configuration type and strokes number affect the viewing angle vs. legibility relationship. The viewing angle, configuration type and strokes number were employed as independent variables. Experiment results indicated that S/H ratio ,strokes number, confgiuration type significatly affect the viewing angle vs. legibility relationship. The upper and down threshold are 72.5° and 87.5°. When the strokes number increases, the curve of viewing angle vs. legibility relationship trend to straight-line. The Left-right type of characters’ configuration type has best legibility under any viewing angle .We suggest that the best S/H ratio is 16% in this experiment.
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Chan, Kai-Hsiang, and 詹凱翔. "Legibility of Variable Message Signs for Drivers." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/35146974464066751393.
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碩士大同大學
工業設計學系(所)
99
Variable Message Signs (VMS) are programmable traffic management facilities. A variety of dynamic messages are conveyed to drivers through text or graphic symbols. However, there is no uniform requirement for the VMS in Taiwan, thus their setups are at the sole discretion of the traffic or road competent authorities. In addition, there is the lower age limit for obtaining a driver’s licenses, but there is no upper age limit for driving on roads. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the different age groups’ VMS legibility under different driving environments, different contents presented, and with different driving speeds. First of all, the 30 subjects in the pre-test consist of the middle-aged group and younger age group. The results show that the middle-aged group had to spend more time searching for targets. In addition, the content type of the VMS and the driving environment also affected the subjects’ degree of legibility and number of reading errors. For the contents designed in pure-text, more time was needed to understand them. In addition, in the driving environment during the day, there were more number of reading errors, and nearly half of the subjects were unable to finish reading the VMS contents at a visual angle comfortable to them. That is, they were unable to quickly and accurately read the various information, thus the VMS setup was in vain. When drivers can barely read them, traffic hazards are likely to result. Based on the pre-test results, literature reviews, and actual observation of the roads, the three improved signboard dimensions of 1.3m, 1.6m, and 1.9m were proposed for the validation experiment. Through the ANOVA analysis of the three factor areas, the results show that at the reading distance of 1.3m, the legibility was poorer, while the number of errors was higher, but with the three improved heights the subjects were able to finish reading the messages before the disappearance distance suggested in the literatures, and the number of errors was reduced. The findings in this study are expected to serve as a reference for future VMS signboard research and design applications.
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CHEN, YING-HAN, and 陳映涵. "An Exploration of Legibility on Iconic Expression Techniques." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/3w88pc.
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碩士國立雲林科技大學
工業設計系
105
In response to the era of digitization, some electronic products like smart phones and tablets could not be exempted from the daily life of modern people. With the rising fever of portable electronic products, icon design became the critically attention-catching issues among every major developer. In user interfaces, the legibility of icons definitely became the moderator to determine the smoothness in the process of human-computer interaction among users. As the researcher, Rieber（1995） indicated, the icons with inferior legibility would make users spend much more time to understand the implication of icons. Additionally, it was required for repeated attention for gazing with targets found. Such factors would make users troubled by burdensome memorization and distracted attention. For the past few years, after the user interfaces of both Microsoft and Apple had been flattened, the fever of flattened icons had become prevalent. However, some researches about icon design indicated 2D icons were featured with more abstract implications, but 3D icons were more intuitive with a larger adapted population. (Cho, Lee, Na & Suk, 2015) Relevant to the influence caused by legibility, iconic styles had become the attention-catching issues widely discussed by numerous designers of user interfaces. Therefore, to explore the legibility of the expression techniques in icon design would be required and highly-worthy. This research was meant to explore the influence exerted by the legibility of different iconic expression techniques. Researchers defined iconic expression techniques with the characteristic attributes of icons categorized into the icons with or without frames, the icons formed by lines or planes, and the icons constructed by planes, convex or 3D. Additionally, based on the characteristic attributes of icons, orthogonal arrays were designed. After 12 kinds of iconic expression techniques were achieved, these were served as formal experimental samples. Thereafter, with eye-ball tracking indicators, legibility experiments were conducted. Additionally, fixation duration was served as the basis for determination. After experiments are done, the Likert 7-point scale was used to subjectively evaluate the expression techniques of 12 icons. Finally, with the results of legibility experiments and subjective evaluation, the legibility of iconic expression techniques was found. As it was found in this research, the iconic combinations designed without frames but formed by lines showed the best legibility mainly because of the cognitive process simplified by 3D techniques. However, in view of the results in the subjective cognition of the public, results showed depth was not the main factor to affect legibility. Icons with frames and linear composition featured the worst legibility. However, it was widely perceived, icons with or without frames were never an influential factor. The results in this research was available for the reference made by UI and icon designers helpful to design the icons with quicker and better identification effect wherein it would bring with the more smooth process of human-computer interaction for users.
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Mu-Ch''ien, Chou, and 周穆謙. "Legibility of Logo Typography in Grocery Packaging Design." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/58510646154460812019.
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碩士國立臺灣科技大學
設計研究所
89
Since logo typography on the packaging played a major role in transmitting product information to the targeted consumers, designers should pay special attention to the visible outcome of the lettering design on the packaging. An emphasis on designed type of logo, direction arrangement of logo characters, and the influence of arched surface of package will be discussed. Experiment (Ⅰ) includes an investigation of legibility in English and Chinese logo typography. Experiment (Ⅱ) involves an observation of the connection between Chinese and English logo typography while the arched surface of the product package, influencing on visible effect outcome. The findings from this study are as follows: 1. There were three types of packages often seen in the market which were cans, bottles, and buckets along with tubular form. 2. The characteristics of the most popular forms of logo typography applied in packaging were diversity on the forms of the character such as modified type letters, or created new artistic type fonts along with even thickness of broad strokes in a character. Furthermore, 90% of the logo consists of two to four characters, and were located in the center or upper center of the packages. Logo typography in imported goods packaging design favors bold types, however, in traditional Asian products tends to be calligraphic and artistic types. 3. Although Chinese and English characters differ in form, they both follow the same criteria when it comes to achieving optimal outcome in legibility. 4. In the case of the Chinese logo typography, the degree of arc on the surface of a tubular package may affect the legibility of the characters. Therefore, a greater degree of arc of the surface lead to a decrease in the speed of visible reaction. However, there is significant affect in a smaller arc of the arched surface in the case of the English logo typography. The arched surface with a ratio of 3:5 could have a more favorable feedback. 5. When dealing with a small degree of arched surfaced on tubular packaging, application of flat and square-looked characters are more favorable than lengthened characters both in Chinese and English. However, lengthened characters are more favorable when implemented on a greater degree of arched surface, which a vertical layout can avoid the fact of distorted characters caused by the suppression from the right and left side. 6. Due to the nature of the English character, a vertical layout is not recommended.
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Lee, Chien-Hsiung, and 李建雄. "Improvement of Character Legibility with Image Restoration Technologies." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5n5ugz.
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碩士中央警察大學
鑑識科學研究所
90
In the forensic science field, there are many criminal image data including fingerprints, scene photos and surveillance camera videotapes. These evidences may become the key point to solve crime problems. However, the evidence may be contaminated by noise from crime scenes, or distorted by improper collected. In this case, the evidence will become void and we may lose the chance to arrest the criminals. The field of image restoration began primarily in the space programs of both the United States and the former Soviet Union in the 1950s and early 1960s. The image restoration technology was also extended to other fields, such as the medical imaging and movie media. Recently, some researchers tried to apply this technology to analyze image data from the crime scenes. The ultimate goal of restoration techniques is to improve the quality of a degraded image. The degradation phenomena may come from motion blur, atmospheric turbulence blur, out-of-focus blur and electronic noises. In image restoration processing, we use point spread functions (PSF’s) to model these phenomena, and restore degraded images with filters based on those PSF’s. However, in the forensic application, the case-dependent property of the PSF’s makes image restoration processing difficult. In this thesis, we review several common PSF’s and apply them to solving image restoration problems. We also make some discussions on effects (quantization error and truncation error) that make image restoration work difficult.
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YANG, YU-CHIEH, and 楊喻捷. "A Study of Mandarin Character Design and Legibility." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/68652401363081274880.
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碩士國立臺灣藝術大學
視覺傳達設計學系
103
The origin of words signifies the human civilizations. Words are a form of documenting information and transmitting visual symbols. Thanks to the advancement in printing technologies, it has seen more demands for stylish words stemming from people’s pursuit of aesthetics. For this reason, Mandarin character design (i.e. typography) has been developing comprehensively with multifaceted possibilities for developments and applications in modern times. The present study aims to explore the differences in the interactiveness between “the participants’ backgrounds” and “Mandarin character design” based on their legibility reaction times. The design research methods were carried out in two phases. The first phase is content analysis. The samples were randomly chosen from the designed characters at an interschool exhibition of student designers. Through the encoding and definitions of these designed characters, seven word stroke designs were categorized as experimental groups: original stroke design (OSD), simplified stroke design (SSD), connected stroke design (CSD), partially-picturesque stroke design (PSD), graphic stroke design (GSD), picturesque design (PD), and restructured stroke design (RSD). Control groups were also used for decreasing the internal validity. Then, in order to confirm the usability of samples and establish the hypotheses, the researcher even required two word designers to encode and test the reliability and validity of these samples. The second phase is experimental method. Through priming effect, sixty participants from different backgrounds were randomly chosen to take a task of legibility reaction towards Mandarin character design. The task results were analyzed by 2-way ANOVA mixed design. The research findings are as follows. First, the quickness and slowness of reaction times are not influenced by the participants’ different backgrounds. This indicates that participants from different fields/backgrounds can be used in later studies. Second, from the quickest reaction times to the slowest, it is shown in the control groups as OSD≒SSD＜PSD＜RSD＜CSD＜GSD＜PD. This demonstrates that in the control groups without experimental variables, the best legibility is on OSD and SSD, and on PD vice versa. Third, a legibility model of character design can be formulated from the present study. The above findings provide evaluation guideline for word designers as well as theoretical basis for character design.
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Chen, Yu-Sung, and 陳佑松. "The Legibility of Visual Design for Egress Signs." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/05826400354869100392.
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碩士中原大學
室內設計研究所
95
For general people, the egress signs of moment often cause great confusion on information communication and result in the situation the exit sign is hardly distinguishable from emergency direction sign. In the traditional sense, the figure on the egress sign has more influence than the character. However there are more and more literatures indicating the influence of character is higher than the figure under some circumstances. On the other hand, the allocation of visual design for the egress signs may vary in many forms and there is no conclusion yet on what kind of elements should be possessed in the visual design. In the moment the colors of egress signs are always composed of green and white, and whether the color combination of this kind will get the best legibility and visual attention still needs to be further investigated. This study was set to find out the essential elements in the visual design for egress signs by analyzing and comparing the egress signs of many counties and surveying the literatures relating to symbols, indicators, safety signs and colors. Then focusing on the variable items, including characters, forms, arrowheads and colors, the questionnaires aimed at different social groups which categorized by gender, age, education and occupation and visual experiments were proceeded and completed. Based on the analysis result of the investigation, it was found out that the character in the egress sign has a slightly more influence than the figure. The larger the character is, the better the legibility. Therefore there should be some proper characters appear in the egress signs. It was suggested the adoption of Boldface type or Ming type characters and the dual-language, Chinese and English should be provided as appropriate. The egress sign design should be as pithy as possible and based on a high color contrast principal. Moreover, the sign should have a rim around to demonstrate its existence. As for the arrowheads, either normal style or arch-shaped style one shows the best effect, but the little multi-arrowheads are avoided to use. As for the color planning, white figure on green background is the most popular design style. However, according to the experimental result, black figure on yellow background and yellow figure on red background rank the first two for better legibility, while white figure on green background ranks third and green figure on white background ranks fourth. In the public space, if the color of the environment background is partially green or white, or the colors of public art item cause blurred in vision, it is recommended that the egress signs with black figure on yellow background or yellow figure on red background can be chosen for alternative solutions.
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CHIOU, JIEN-PENG, and 邱駿鵬. "The Legibility of Chinese Text Layout on Website." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/58461103739564907262.
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碩士銘傳大學
商品設計學系碩士在職專班
100
With the increasing penetration of computers and broadband, the access to the information through internet for people becomes easier and easier to get, while the internet becomes the major channel of media nowadays. Efficiently locating and filtering the information needed from massive and complex internet environment would depend on the layout of the content, which results in the performance of the legibility. A more appropriate layout of characters can not only enhance the efficiency of reading for internet users but also promote the quality and value for the content itself. This research will focus on the 3 major factors to the impact of testers on rate of reading correctness and subjective preference: number of words, line spacing, and borders. The testers are 36 experienced internet website users. The independent variables are: (1) Numbers of words in one line (3 levels): 15, 30, and 45.(2) Line spacing (3 levels): single, 1.5, and double. (3) Borders (2 levels): border and no border. The experiment is measured by the correctness of the questions from the article and the score of preference of subjective visual fatigue as research indicators. The research assumptions are that the outcome would reveal the significance in line spacing and number of words to rate of correctness and the score of subjective visual fatigue preference and the lower performance in single spacing and 15-word set. The result would represent more reading faultiness and negative impact on more intensive and shorter article. Key words : Web design, layout , Reading Performance, Subjective Visual Fatigue
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Sie, caicin, and 謝采芹. "Analyses of legibility in different combined toilet signs." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/47644090388122649348.
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碩士明志科技大學
工業工程與管理研究所
99
This study is to investigate the design factors for the toilet signs and in an attempt to find the optimal design combination among the graphics, texts and colors. This study recruited one hundred male and female (fifty each) participants and designed 36 toilet signs that combined with different sign factors by using two simulated methods (i.e., computer monitor and real projection) to collect the participants’ reaction times (RT). Results show that the two simulated methods were quite similar in identifying different sign designs. Based on terms of reaction time, the participants had the minimum cognitive reaction time to Chinese fonts, followed by graphics, and then followed by English fonts. Result of computer monitor method shows that, when “Chinese men” was shown to the participants, the minimum RT was obtained (0.648s), whereas the longest RT was “English MEN” (0.756s). Real projection method shows that the “Chinese women” is the shortest in RT (0.717s), and the “English WOMEN” is the longest (0.840s). This study also found that male and female participants have different cognitive styles in the color and the exchange in figure-ground of combined sign designs. It is hoped that the results of this study may serve as a reference to those designing toilet logo.