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Journal articles on the topic 'Legalità penale'
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1
Bontempelli, Manfredi. "La resistenza del giudicato alla violazione del principio di legalità penale." Revista Brasileira de Direito Processual Penal 4, no. 3 (October 31, 2018): 1053. http://dx.doi.org/10.22197/rbdpp.v4i3.185.
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Deve-se submeter à atenta avaliação crítica a tese da jurisprudência e de uma parte da doutrina italiana segundo a qual a “coisa julgada” penal deveria “ceder” diante das violações dos direitos convencionais definidos pelo THDH, e das garantias constitucionais derivantes das intervenções da Corte Constitucional. O presente artigo analisa os espaços de conformidade do trânsito em julgado penal diante do juiz da execução segundo o “direito vivente”, e sobre seus relativos limites em razão da lei processual vivente. As mesmas exceções da força executiva da sentença irrevogável, previstas pelo c.p.p. taxativamente, confirmam a “intangibilidade” da “coisa julgada” e tornam implausível a hipótese de sua derrocada.
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Bontempelli, Manfredi. "Ne bis in idem e legalità penale nel processo per gli abusi di mercato." Archivio penale, no. 2 (2016): 389–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.12871/97888674171177.
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Macri, Francesco. "LO STALKING QUALE FORMA DI VIOLENZA DI GENERE, E LA SUA DISCIPLINA PENALE NELL'ORDINAMENTO ITALIANO." Revista Direitos Sociais e Políticas Públicas (UNIFAFIBE) 7, no. 3 (December 17, 2019): 494. http://dx.doi.org/10.25245/rdspp.v7i3.668.
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In l'Italia, l'incriminazione delle condotte di Stalking è stata introdotta dall'art. 7 del d.l. n° 11 del 23 febbraio 2009. Nel presente articolo, si analizzerà lo Stalking quale forma di violenza contro le donne e la sua diffusione, gli elementi oggettivo e soggettivo del delitto di “Atti persecutori” (art. 612-bis c.p.), e le altre peculiarità della normativa italiana anti-Stalking. Si discuterà inoltre la questione della costituzionalità della fattispecie de qua, cercando di dimostrare come un'appropriata esegesi della fattispecie, che tiene in conto i requisiti della reiterazione e del carattere molesto o minaccioso della condotta, può assicurare quel minimum 'garantista' in termini di rispetto alla tassatività/determinatezza della fattispecie incriminatrice richiesto dal principio costituzionale di legalità. La analisi includerà altresì cenni comparatistici al diritto tedesco e spagnolo.
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Castro, Henrique Hoffmann Monteiro de. "Princípio da legalidade penal como direito humano fundamental." Lex Humana 4, no. 2 (2012): 76–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/2175-0947_4-2_5.
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Calvete León, Ivanna, and Jorge Garces Vasquez. "El paradigma del derecho en Colombia: la constitucionalización del derecho penal." Nuevo Derecho 15, no. 24 (June 21, 2019): 37–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.25057/2500672x.1132.
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El texto propone un análisis de las categorías de paradigmas del derecho que Ferrajoli en sus obras propone, para entender históricamente cómo el derecho se ha desarrollado y cuáles son las implicaciones que conllevan los cambios a través del tiempo en la manera cómo se estudian y aplican las normas jurídicas. Se explica brevemente cada uno de los paradigmas propuestos por Ferrajoli, partiendo del paradigma jurisprudencial, posteriormente el paradigma legalista y por último el paradigma constitucional, que a su vez se divide en paradigma constitucional garantista y paradigma constitucional principialista. Así mismo, una vez se expongan cada uno de los paradigmas, el texto pretende analizar Colombia, con la Constitución de 1991, a cuál paradigma aduce en su estudio y aplicación del derecho, reconociendo argumentativamente su relación con el paradigma principialista. Para finalizar se exponen algunos de los argumentos que permiten identificar la relación entre el paradigma principialista y el derecho penal. Algunos de estos argumentos son: el papel preponderante del juez constitucional dentro del marco de acción del juez de control de garantías; la vinculación de valores, derechos fundamentales y principios como marco para la comprensión y aplicación de las normas jurídico-penales; y los criterios de relevancia de las normas constitucionales frente a las reglas penales. Esto en aras de concluir con la coherencia del derecho penal con el paradigma constitucional principialista.
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Wibawa, Iskandar. "IMPLEMENTASI ASAS KEPASTIAN HUKUM YANG BERKEADILAN BERDASAR CITA HUKUM BANGSA INDONESIA (Kajian Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Banyumas tentang kasus mbah Minah)." YUDISIA : Jurnal Pemikiran Hukum dan Hukum Islam 8, no. 1 (April 8, 2018): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21043/yudisia.v8i1.3221.
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<em>Legality is one basic of penal law beside culpability in deciding the punishment. Legality is often perceived similar to law enforcement. According to Article 1 (1) of the Penal Law (KUHP), the law refers to written law. In fact, there is also living law mentioned in the Constitution. This kind of situation often causes the judge decision fails to meet social justice since the decision is merely based on formal law and neglected material law, such as in the case of Minah in Banyumas Court. Thus, progressive approach is necessitated in order to understand legality both in formal and material law in accordance with national legal ideals, Pancasila.</em>
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Jeffries, John Calvin. "Legality, Vagueness, and the Construction of Penal Statutes." Virginia Law Review 71, no. 2 (March 1985): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1073017.
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Abidin, Mukhlis. "METODOLOGI PEMAHAMAN SYARI’AH (Analisis Muqaddimah Kitab al-Muwafaqat Karya Asy-Syatibi)." YUDISIA : Jurnal Pemikiran Hukum dan Hukum Islam 8, no. 2 (April 8, 2018): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.21043/yudisia.v8i2.3241.
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<p><em>Legality is one basic of penal law beside culpability in deciding the punishment. Legality is often perceived similar to law enforcement. According to Article 1 (1) of the Penal Law (KUHP), the law refers to written law. In fact, there is also living law mentioned in the Constitution. This kind of situation often causes the judge decision fails to meet social justice since the decision is merely based on formal law and neglected material law, such as in the case of Minah in Banyumas Court. Thus, progressive approach is necessitated in order to understand legality both in formal and material law in accordance with national legal ideals, Pancasila. </em></p>
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Usman, Usman, and Andi Najemi. "Mediasi Penal di Indonesia." Undang: Jurnal Hukum 1, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 65–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/ujh.1.1.65-83.
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The settlement of criminal cases outside the court through mediation is a common phenomenon occurring in various regions of Indonesia. Penal mediation is done with the assumption that it can meet the justice and expediency, but what if viewed from the aspect of legality and legal certainty. This study aims to evaluate the settlement arrangement of penal proceeding through penal mediation and analyze the values of justice, benefit and legal certainty in the settlement of criminal case through penal mediation. The study was conducted using normative/doctrinal legal research methods. This article concludes: 1) Settlement arrangement of criminal penalty through penal mediation is still limited to criminal case conducted by child. Although there are some provisions that provide for possible settlement of criminal cases outside the court, but not yet a penal mediation. Because it has not strictly regulated the mediation between the perpetrator and the victim, especially regarding the provision of compensation or compensation which is a means of diversion for the termination of prosecution and the imposition of a criminal. 2) The settlement of criminal cases through penal mediation can meet the values of justice and benefit, but the limited regulation of penal mediation, the settlement of criminal cases through penal mediation is less reflect the value of legal certainty.
Abstrak
Penyelesaian perkara pidana di luar peradilan melalui mediasi merupakan fenomena yang umum terjadi di berbagai daerah di Indonesia. Mediasi penal dilakukan dengan anggapan dapat memenuhi tuntutan keadilan dan kemanfaatan, namun bagaimana jika dilihat dari aspek legalitas dan kepastian hukum. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaturan penyelesaian perkara pidana melalui mediasi penal serta menganalisis nilai-nilai keadilan, kemanfaatan dan nilai kepastian hukum dalam penyelesaian perkara pidana melalui mediasi penal. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif atau doktrinal. Artikel ini menyimpulkan, 1) pengaturan penyelesaian perkara pidana melalui mediasi penal masih terbatas untuk perkara pidana yang dilakukan oleh anak. Meskipun beberapa ketentuan memberi kemungkinan adanya penyelesaian perkara pidana di luar pengadilan, ia belum merupakan mediasi penal; sebab belum mengatur secara tegas adanya mediasi antara pelaku dan korban, terutama terkait pemberian ganti rugi atau kompensasi yang merupakan sarana diversi untuk dihentikannya penuntutan maupun penjatuhan pidana. 2) Penyelesaian perkara pidana melalui mediasi penal dapat memenuhi nilai-nilai keadilan dan kemanfaatan, namun kurang mencerminkan nilai kepastian hukum disebabkan terbatasnya pengaturannya.
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Biason, Rita de Cássia. "Os Códigos Penais brasileiros no combate à corrupção." Revista USP 1, no. 134 (September 16, 2022): 163–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316-9036.i134p163-178.
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Entender as práticas de corrupção no Brasil, desde a Independência até a Operação Lava Jato, implica trazer à tona o ordenamento jurídico pertinente ao controle de desvios de recursos públicos e abusos de poder político. A história do combate à corrupção no Brasil é marcada por uma tradição punitivo-legalista, desde a promulgação do primeiro Código Penal em 1830. Analisaremos, neste artigo, como a corrupção e as suas outras variantes foram tratadas nas Constituições de 1822 e 1988 e nos Códigos Penais promulgados, de 1890 a 1940. Nesse ínterim, ganham destaque os crimes de corrupção (passiva e ativa), prevaricação, concussão e peculato, práticas recorrentes na história da corrupção brasileira.
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Kunitsin, S. N. "Improving the efficiency of prosecutorial supervision for the legality of the criminal procedural activities of the institutions of the Federal Penal Service of Russia during the preliminary investigation." Penitentiary Science 14, no. 3 (2020): 381–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.46741/2686-9764-2020-14-3-381-388.
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The article analyzes the features of the criminal procedural activities of the institutions of the Federal Penal Service of Russia during the preliminary investigation. Based on the results of the analysis, it is concluded that the latter is truncated and consists of two components: the initiation of a criminal case for the production of urgent investigative actions and the execution of orders to carry out certain investigative actions. The specificity of the criminal procedural activity of this subject of the prosecution determines the peculiarities of the prosecutor’s supervision over the legality of its implementation. The current legislation actually excluded the prosecutor from the mechanism for initiating a criminal case and conducting urgent investigative actions, which reduces the effectiveness of prosecutorial supervision in this area and reduces the level of legality. Also, there is no effective mechanism for prosecutorial supervision over the legality of the execution of orders by officials of institutions of the Federal Penal Service of Russia to conduct certain investigative actions. By analyzing the provisions of the legislation, it is concluded that there are shortcomings in the legal regulation of the procedure for exercising prosecutorial supervision over the legality of the criminal procedural activities of the institutions of the Federal Penal Service of Russia during the preliminary investigation at the level of both criminal procedure law and departmental regulation. In order to eliminate the noted shortcomings, appropriate amendments to the legislation are proposed.
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Astuti, Galuh Faradhilah Yuni. "Relevansi Hukum Pidana Adat Dalam Pembaharuan Hukum Pidana di Indonesia." Pandecta: Research Law Journal 10, no. 2 (December 31, 2015): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/pandecta.v10i2.4953.
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Penelitian ini mengkaji dua persoalan pokok. Pertama, relevansi Hukum Pidana Adat sebagai kontribusi dalam pembaharuan Hukum Pidana di Indoneisa. Kedua, penerapan hukum dalam penyelesaian tindak pidana berdasarkan Hukum Pidana Adat di Suku Tengger. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kontribusi Hukum Pidana Adat, berupa penyelesaian perkara di luar pengadilan atau mediasi penal yang dilakukan masyarakat atau masyarakat adat secara turun temurun, sudah relevan dengan pembaharuan Hukum Pidana di Indonesia. Praktik semacam ini selaras dengan nilai dan cita-cita Bangsa Indonesia, sesuai dengan sila keempat Pancasila sebagai dasar negara. Selain itu selaras dengan ide keseimbangan Hukum Pidana, teori sifat melawan hukum, pemenuhan kewajiban adat serta perluasan asas legalitas. Masyarakat Adat Suku Tengger menggunakan mediasi penal sebagai alternatif pertama dalam menyelesaikan perselisihan atau tindak pidana yang terjadi pada daerah mereka, kemudian menyerahkan kepada pihak yang berwajib ketika mediasi penal tidak mencapai kesepakatan yang adil. <br /><br /><br /><em>This study examines two key issues. First, the relevance of Criminal Customary Law as a contribution to the renewal of Criminal Law at Indoneisa. Second, application of the law in the resolution of a criminal offense under the Criminal Customary Law in Tengger tribe. These results indicate that the contribution of Criminal Customary Law, in the form of settling disputes out of court or penal mediation conducted community or indigenous peoples from generation to generation, it is relevant to the Criminal Law reform in Indonesia. Such practices are aligned with the values and ideals of the Indonesian nation, according to the fourth principle of Pancasila as the state. Moreover tune with the idea of the balance of the Criminal Law, the theory of nature against the law, customary obligations fulfillment and expansion of the principle of legality. Indigenous Peoples Tengger tribe using penal mediation as the first alternative in resolving disputes or criminal acts that occur in their area, and then handed over to the authorities when the penal mediation does not reach a fair deal.</em>
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Alfiananda, Rizka Fakhry. "MASYARAKAT HUKUM ADAT DALAM SKEMA KEBIJAKAN KRIMINAL (CRIMINAL POLICY) DI BIDANG PERUSAKAN HUTAN." Jurnal Wacana Hukum 24, no. 2 (February 9, 2019): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.33061/1.jwh.2018.24.2.2719.
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AbstractAct No. 18 year 2013 on the Prevention and Eradication of forest Destruction was legitimated on August 6 2013 as a governmental effort to cover of the weakness of the regulation, particularly related to the prevention and overcome organized forest destruction. Nevertheless, the regulation that combines both of penal policy and non-penal policy within the framework of the criminal policy is apparently getting some record even when the Act was still as a draft. besides assessed cannot resolve the core of the problem of crime. The Act became a new threat to the existence of indigenous peoples who live inside and around forests. The principle of legality as representation of positivistic paradigm transformed in the formulation of clauses in the Act, lead into the excesses of the existence of indigenous peoples who live in the forest. AbstrakDisahkannya Undang-Undang Nomor 18 Tahun 2013 tentang Pencegahan dan Pemberantasan Perusakan Hutan pada tanggal 6 Agustus 2013 merupakan sebuah bentuk usaha dari pemerintah untuk menutup beberapa kelemahan aturan khususnya yang berkaitan dengan upaya untuk mencegah dan menanggulangi perusakan hutan terorganisasi. Meskipun demikian, undang-undang yang mengkombinasikan antara sarana kebijakan hukum pidana (penal policy) dan sarana kebijakan di luar hukum pidana (non penal policy) dalam sebuah kerangka kebijakan kriminal (criminal policy) tersebut ternyata mendapatkan beberapa catatan bahkan saat undang-undang tersebut masih berbentuk rancangan. Selain dinilai tidak menyasar jantung masalah kejahatan, undang-undang tersebut justru menjadi sebuah ancaman baru bagi keberadaan masyarakat hukum adat yang hidup di dalam dan sekitar hutan. Asas legalitas yang merupakan representasi dari paradigma positivistik dan terjelma di dalam rumusan pasal dalam undang-undang tersebut membawa ekses bagi keberadaan masyarakat hukum adat yang selama ini hidup di sekitar kawasan hutan.
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Freiberger, Rubens Luìs, and Juarez Diego Siqueira. "AUDIÊNCIAS DE CUSTÓDIA NO BRASIL: UMA APRESENTAÇÃO DESTE INSTITUTO OBSERVANDO-SE OS PRINCÍPIOS DE DIREITO PENAL E AS PRISÕES PENAIS DO ORDENAMENTO JURÍDICO BRASILEIRO." Ponto de Vista Jurídico 7, no. 1 (August 9, 2018): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.33362/juridico.v7i1.1494.
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<p class="resumo">O presente artigo retrata o instituto da Audiência de Custódia, implementado no ordenamento jurídico nacional em 15 de dezembro de 2015. Estas audiências visam uma apresentação do indivíduo detido a um juiz para que seja examinada a legalidade da prisão, as condições e o tratamento recebido por parte das autoridades que a realizaram e ainda para verificação sobre a necessidade de manutenção da prisão durante o decorrer do processo. Muitos aspectos foram questionados pela doutrina, magistrados, delegados de polícia e por demais operadores do direito, tanto sobre a legalidade do meio de implantação deste instituto e também sobre a necessidade de realização ou não dessas audiências. O estudo faz uso do método indutivo associado à pesquisa bibliográfica, utilizando a produção descritiva e observando a Normalização dos Trabalhos Acadêmicos da Universidade Alto Vale do Rio do Peixe (UNIARP), bem como as regras da Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas (ABNT).</p><p class="resumo"><strong>Palavras-chave: </strong>Audiência de Custódia. Prisões. Legalidade. Implantação.</p><h3>CUSTODIAL AUDIENCES IN BRAZIL: A PRESENTATION OF THIS INSTITUTE OBSERVING THE PRINCIPLES OF CRIMINAL LAW AND PENAL PRISONS OF THE BRAZILIAN LEGAL ORDER</h3><div><p class="abstractCxSpFirst"><strong>Abstract: </strong>This article portrays the institute of the Hearing of Custody, implemented in the national legal system on December 15, 2015. These hearings aim at presenting the individual detained to a judge to examine the legality of the prison, the conditions and the treatment received by of the authorities that carried it out and also to verify the need to maintain the prison during the course of the proceedings. Many aspects were questioned by the doctrine, magistrates, police officers and by other operators of the law, as much on the legality of the means of implantation of this institute and also on the necessity of realizing or not of these audiences. The study uses of the inductive method associated with the bibliographic research, using descriptive production and observing the Standardization Works of academic works of the University Alto Vale do Rio do Peixe (UNIARP), as well as the rules of the Brazilian Association of Technical Norms (ABTN).</p><p class="abstractCxSpLast"><strong>Keywords: </strong>Custody Hearing. Prisons. Legality. Implantation.</p></div>
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Ferenz, Jerzy. "Przekroczenie uprawnień przez funkcjonariusza Policji a udaremnienie, rozwiązanie lub doprowadzenie do rozwiązania zgromadzenia zorganizowanego w trybie uproszczonym." Studia Prawnoustrojowe, no. 43 (October 11, 2019): 81–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/sp.4601.
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Organising of peaceful assemblies and participating in them is one of thefundamental civil freedom in the democratic state based on the rule of law.This paper contains considerations about the matter of offcial duties undertook by police offcers towards participants of assemblies organised in simplifed procedure. It provides an attempt to establish where are the bordersof the legality of their acts and when they exceed the border of legality andcommit the crime under the article 231 section 1 of the penal code.
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Suhariyanto, Budi. "Problema Penyerapan Adat oleh Pengadilan dan Pengaruhnya bagi Pembaruan Hukum Pidana Nasional." Mimbar Hukum - Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gadjah Mada 30, no. 3 (November 14, 2018): 421. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jmh.33227.
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AbstractThe draft of Penal Code Bill regulates the living law in society as a form of extension of legality principle, but in its elucidation, there is no further sufficient explanation about the scope and qualifications of such thing. Thus, there have been some concerns regarding the issue of multi-interpretation in the enforcement of adat criminal law. Having a reflection on the reality of the judges’ interpretation in absorbing adat law while deciding the punishment in accordance with the living and developing justice in society, a further and deeper study in jurisprudence is required to reconsider and reformulate the adat criminal law values in the Draft of Criminal Code Bill. IntisariRancangan KUHP mengatur hukum yang hidup dalam masyarakat sebagai bentuk perluasan asas legalitas, tetapi dalam penjelasannya tidak diatur secara definitif tentang ruang lingkup dan kualifikasi yang memadai. Timbul kekhawatiran persoalan multi tafsir dalam penegakan hukum pidana adat. Bercermin dari realitas penafsiran hakim yang selama ini ada dalam menyerap hukum adat saat memutuskan pemidanaan sesuai dengan keadilan yang hidup dan berkembang di masyarakat, maka diperlukan kajian yang lebih mendalam terkait yurisprudensi yang ada sebagai pertimbangan melakukan reorientasi dan reformulasi nilai-nilai hukum pidana adat dalam Rancangan KUHP.
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Priamsari, RR Putri A. "KEBIJAKAN INTEGRAL PENANGGULANGAN TINDAK PIDANA PENYALAHGUNAAN NARKOTIKA." Jurnal Hukum Progresif 10, no. 2 (October 31, 2022): 99–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jhp.10.2.99-111.
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Indonesia dapat dikategorikan sebagai negara darurat narkoba. Upaya menanggulangi tindak pidana penyalahgunaan narkotika dapat ditempuh melalui kebijakan kriminal dengan tiga cara, yaitu: penal, non-penal atau integral. Atas dasar hal tersebut, beberapa permasalahan dapat dibahas lebih lanjut adalah bagaimana pelaksanaan kebijakan penal dan non-penal dalam mencegah tindak pidana penyalahgunaan narkotika serta seperti apa integrasi diantara keduanya. Kebijakan penal disebut juga sebagai upaya melalui hukum pidana, yang lebih menitikberatkan pada sifat represif. Semantara kebijakan non-penal menelusuri akar penyebab terjadinya kejahatan, yang lebih menitikberatkan pada sifat preventif. Sedangkan kebijakan integral merupakan harmonisasi dari kebijakan penal dan non-penal yang tidak hanya mengedepankan asas legalitas saja namun juga asas manfaat.
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Elassal, E. F. "Damien Scalia, Du principe de legalite des peines en droit international penal." Journal of International Criminal Justice 11, no. 2 (March 13, 2013): 491–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jicj/mqt011.
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De la Fuente Alonso, Alejandro, José Lorenzo Álvarez Montero, and Petra Armenta Ramírez. "LEGALIDAD Y PONDERACIÓN EN EL SISTEMA MEXICANO (LEGALITY AND WEIGHTING IN THE MEXICAN SYSTEM)." Universos Jurídicos 1, no. 16 (May 19, 2021): 180–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.25009/uj.v1i16.2585.
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México está en un momento de transformación de los paradigmas jurídicos imperantes con un proceso de centralización jurídica que implica la atención de nuevos temas, que exigen la atención de fenómenos hasta ahora inatendidos y que por la experiencia de otras latitudes pueden ser enriquecidos, a fin de alcanzar la protección plena y garantía de los derechos humanos contenidos en el texto constitucional.La pluralidad de órdenes normativos sustantivos en materia penal y la existencia de un solo orden adjetivo lleva a problemas de aplicación que trastocan los principios exigibles en toda sentencia judicial, lo que a la larga provocará impunidad al existir violaciones al debido proceso al momento de sentencias sin la motivación adecuada o en su caso provocará la elusión del derecho al ejecutar actos ilícitos en los territorios donde las sanciones sean inexistentes o en su caso sean más benignas a los responsables del injusto penal.
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Zangrando, A., F. Babici, E. Pascolo-Fabrici, and A. Riolo. "Educating To Legality. a Tool To Prevent Crimes of Psychiatric Patients." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S439. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.1596.
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IntroductionBe a citizen means having rights but also duties and be subject to laws. Educating to legality is essential for mutual respect in the community, for the rules of social life and to exercise own rights of citizenship. A psychiatric patient can commit crimes because of mental disorders but also in absence of psycopathological problem. When a patient commits an offence, it is correct to know whether he was due and if he is actually a danger to society. The law do not allow ignorance but what patients really know about the law is not clear.ObjectiveIn this study, we want to investigate the legal knowledge in citizens with mental disorders. Moreover, we want to build pathways to increase compliance with the law.MethodsWe collected a cohort of 10 offenders and asked them if they were interested in an educational course on legality. We interviewed a sample of patients at risk of breaking the Penal code to assess their basic knowledge.ResultsThe reasons to undertake an educational program on compliance with the law were higher for offenders, maybe for fear of damaging sanctions. Those at risk of being sued for their behavior seemed to have more background than other group.ConclusionsIt is essential to develop educational programs about crime prevention within the psychiatric field through training courses that increase the knowledge and awareness of effects of the Penal code. Moreover, citizens with mental disorders at risk of crimes should be supported by specific interventions aimed to social ethics.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Wibawa, Iskandar. "RECONSTRUCTION OF THE LEGALITY PRINCIPLE IN PENAL LAW ENFORCEMENT FOR THE REALIZATION OF JUSTICE." UNTAG Law Review 2, no. 1 (May 30, 2018): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.36356/ulrev.v2i1.718.
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<span>The legality principle is an important principle in the enforcement of penal law </span><span lang="IN">in addition to</span><span> the culpability principle. These two principles are a requirement that must be fulfilled by the person to be penalized. However, law enforcement officers in the Criminal Justice System often only pay attention to the formulation of the legality principle in Article 1 (1) of the Criminal Code (KUHP)</span><span lang="IN"> than the other principle that is culpability principle. </span><span>So that court decisions often do not reflect a sense of justice. This is due to the interpretation of the legality principle contained in Article 1 paragraph (1) of the Criminal Code (KUHP) as </span><span lang="IN">“</span><span>lex scripta</span><span lang="IN">”</span><span>, </span><span lang="IN">“</span><span>lex stricta</span><span lang="IN">”</span><span> and </span><span lang="IN">“</span><span>lex certa</span><span lang="IN">”</span><span> and </span><span lang="IN">also the unformulated </span><span>culpability principle in the Criminal Code (KUHP). Therefore, it is necessary to reconstruct the meaning of the legality principle so that it is not only understood formally, but </span><span lang="IN">materially by regarding </span><span>the living la</span><span lang="IN">w</span><span> referred to Pancasila as </span><span lang="IN">a </span><span>ground</span><span>norm and constitution of the UUD 1945, the legality principle is not interpreted </span><span lang="IN">as a</span><span> certainty of law </span><span lang="IN">but </span><span>interpreted as the principle of legal certainty. The law is not</span><span lang="IN"> only</span><span> interpreted </span><span lang="IN">as</span><span> a written law, but also an unwritten law, so it is expected to bring about a court decision in accordance with the sense of justice</span><span lang="IN">.</span><span>In law enforcement </span><span lang="IN">“</span><span>in abstracto</span><span lang="IN">”</span><span> implemented through formulation policy by penal reform in the formulation of a New Criminal Code (New KUHP), the principle of legality has been interpreted in material term that states that the source of law used by the Criminal Code is written law (Article 1) and unwritten law/ the living law (Article 2), also the culpability principle has been formulated explicitly (Article 38</span><span lang="IN">)</span><span>. Based </span><span lang="IN">“</span><span>in abstracto</span><span lang="IN">”</span><span> law enforcement is expected to be implemented </span><span lang="IN">“</span><span>in inconcreto</span><span lang="IN">” </span><span>law enforcement so as to realize court decision in accordance with the sense of community justice.</span>
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Woźniak, Krzysztof Raul. "Persuasive model of reaction towards tax avoidance in penal fiscal regulations." ASEJ Scientific Journal of Bielsko-Biala School of Finance and Law 22, no. 4 (January 23, 2019): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.9648.
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Tax avoidance is a phenomenon whose legality must be negated. At the same time it must be emphasized that taxpayers who act without reflecting upon their behaviour face criminal liability which starts with the rejection of the taxpayer’s application for advance tax ruling and initiation of tax avoidance proceedings. The institutions of voluntary disclosure, correction of tax return and voluntary submission to liability are offered to those individuals or companies who have committed tax-related offences and want to avoid conviction at the end of penal fiscal proceedings.
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POPOVICIU, LAURA-ROXANA. "NULLUM CRIMEN SINE LEGE." Agora International Journal of Juridical Sciences 13, no. 1 (October 29, 2019): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15837/aijjs.v13i1.3727.
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This article discusses the issue of one of the most important Latin expressions that establish at the level of general principle that no crime exists outside the law.The purpose of the criminal law being the defense against the offenses of the right order, ensuring this order implies a strict respect of the principle of legality.Part of the principle of legality, the legality of incrimination, was formulated among the first, by the Beccaria in Dei delitti e delle pene and proclaimed also in the Declaration of Human and Citizen Rights (1789).Subsequently, the principle of legality of incrimination was passed in most criminal codes and even in some constitutions.The Romanian penal code emphasizes that the incriminations can only take place by law, not by other normative acts.In our law, crime is the sole basis of criminal liability.The second part of the principle of legality stipulates the legality of the punishments, so that, the crime being the only theme of the criminal liability, at the time of the commission the sanction must also intervene. Only when the sanction intervenes, it must be taken into account in particular that by sanctioning the offenders and the way in which the punishments are enforced some fundamental rights of the person are restricted, such as: freedom of movement, enshrined in all democratic constitutions, free development of the personality of the man and of his participation in the social and economic life, in the family life, the interruption of the professional activity and not lastly the affectation of his dignity. Therefore legality is a fundamental principle of criminal law: the criminalization can only take place through a law, and the sanction only if it is provided by law.
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Sadowski, Piotr. "FILOZOFIA PRAWA W ŻYCIU I NAUCZANIU ULPIANA." Zeszyty Prawnicze 8, no. 1 (June 23, 2017): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/zp.2008.8.1.04.
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The Philosophy of Law in Ulpian’s Life and TeachingSummaryThe purpose of this article, is to show, taking into account Ulpian’s life and teaching, that the Roman jurisprudence was interwoven with some elements of philosophy. The first part of the article illustrates the influence of Ulpian’s life history on his philosophical and legislative views, whereas the second part presents the latter.His knowledge of law, the posts which he occupied, and numerous works prove that Ulpian was preoccupied with studying „law through its first causes”. He asked about the essence of the law, about what the natural law is, and what justice is. He described the juridical reality using the language of law and philosophy. His concept of lawfulness can be perceived as integral, combining material and formal legality He did not depart from the ethical dimension of law although he respected the rigours of the formalised norms. Referring to aequitas did not disturb him in paying attention to certitudo legalis. In his concept of lawfulness one can see a reference to Cyceron’s ideas and in his concept of natural law one can observe a reference to the Stoics. In the field of the penal lawfulness one can perceive Ulpian as a precursor of the ability to perceive the human equality in the sphere of natural law, the concept elaborated as late as several centuries afterwards. Perceiving the equality of people, approximates him to the Christian’s philosophical idea.
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Marinković, Milica. "INDIVIDUALIZACIJA KAZNE PREMA FRANCUSKOM KRIVIČNOM ZAKONIKU OD 1810. GODINE." Glasnik prava X, no. 2 (December 2019): 51–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/gp.1002.051m.
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The subject of this paper is the individualization of penalty in the French Penal code of (Code pénal de 1810). It is a Code that brought a very important innovation in comparative legal history – a relative system of penal determination – that will be crucial for further development of system of penal determination. Thereto, the French Penal code of 1810 had the greatest influence in the development of European substantive criminal law, because the whole array of penal codes, from the Prussian to the Serbian Criminal code of 1860, adopted its solutions. The author analyses the multi-decade process of development of the idea and practice of the individualization of criminal punishment in French criminal law, starting from the complete judicial arbitrariness that characterized pre-Revolutionary law to the absolute system of penal determination brought by the Penal code of 1791, and from the absolute system to relative system of penal determination present in the Penal code of 1810. The author shows that the innovation from 1810 actually represents a sui generis synthesis of the various experiences gained over decades of application of previously mentioned forms of penal determination. Special attention is paid to the problem of judicial individualization of penalty between penal minimum and maximum established by the Penal code of 1810. Although the relative system of penal determination enabled the individualization of penalty by reconciling it with the principle of legality, the start of the implementation of the Penal code of 1810 brought up some weak points of this system. In regard to that, the author analyses the statistics of convictions made by French courts in second and third decade of the 19th century. At last, the research of the problem of individualization of penalty in the Penal code of 1810 the author complete by analyzing the Penal code Reform Bills of 1824 and 1832, that introduced the institute of extenuating circumstances as one of the instruments for the individualization of penalty.
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Marek Mozgawa and Krzysztof Wala. "Protection of Patient's Autonomy when Undergoing Therapeutic Procedures under the Polish Penal Code." Medicine, Law & Society 15, no. 1 (April 26, 2022): 107–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/mls.15.1.107-124.2022.
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This study addresses the issue of criminal liability for performing a therapeutic procedure without patient's consent under the Polish Penal Code of 1997 (Article 192 of the Penal Code). The authors analyse the statutory criteria of the prohibited act concerned. They emphasize the importance of the patient's consent to the legality of therapeutic procedures, and they highlight the situations in which such a procedure may be performed either without the consent or even contrary to the patient's will. The authors conclude that the existence of a separate provision protecting the autonomy of the patient's will deserves approval, although at the same time they advise the need for a certain correction to Article 192 § 1 PC, if only in terms of specifying the entity capable of committing that offence.
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Tammenlehto, Laura. "Copyright and Trademark Crimes in the Nordic Countries: Analysis from the Perspective of the Principle of Legality." Bergen Journal of Criminal Law & Criminal Justice 8, no. 1 (November 9, 2020): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15845/bjclcj.v8i1.3187.
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The principle of legality limits criminalisation in the Nordic countries. The purpose of the principle is to uphold the legitimacy of the penal authority of the state and to protect the rights of an accused by ensuring the clarity and foreseeability of the criminal law. The Nordic IPR crime provisions are extensive but determining the limits of criminalisation from them is difficult. This article focuses on the on the phrasing and style of the current Nordic copyright and trademark offences and analyses the extent to which these provisions fulfil the requirements of the principle of legality. Particular problem-causing elements in this legislation are multiple internal references and a blanket criminalisation technique combined with inaccurate definitions of objects of protection. Attention is given to three problematic aspects in the fields of copyright and trademark: copyrighted work threshold (teoskynnys/verkshöjd), moral rights, and establishing trademark through use.
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Arifkhodzhaieva, Tetiana, Oksana Panova, Vladyslav Lazariev, Yuliia Zhyvova, and Oleh Shkuta. "Public services in the field ofsocial protection of the population: international experience, administrative and penal aspects." Cuestiones Políticas 40, no. 74 (October 25, 2022): 16–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.4074.00.
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The issue of optimizing the mechanism for providing public services in the field of social protection of the population due to the ongoing armed conflict in Ukraine on the part of Russia (from 2014 to the present), as a result of which internally displaced persons need to solve a number of urgent needs both in European countries (Poland, Germany, Bulgaria, Romania, Moldova, etc.), including related to their accounting in these countries. In this sense, the objective of this editorial is twofold, on the one hand, to present volume 40, number 74 of Political Questions and, on the other, to highlight the concept and types of guarantees of ensuring legality concerning provision of public services in the sphere of social protection of population. It is concluded that the following types of guarantees of ensuring legality concerning provision of public services in the sphere of social protection of population in Ukraine have been justified: appeal of decisions, actions or inaction of public administration subjects on the provision of public services in the sphere of social protection of population in court (administrative proceedings); control over activities of public administration subjects concerning provision of public services in the sphere of social protection of population.
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Amiruddin, Muh. "PERBANDINGAN PELAKSANAAN EUTHANASIA DI NEGARA YANG MENGANUT SISTEM HUKUM EROPA KONTINENTAL DAN SISTEM HUKUM ANGLO SAXON." Jurisprudentie : Jurusan Ilmu Hukum Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum 4, no. 1 (June 1, 2017): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.24252/jurisprudentie.v4i1.3666.
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The country that adheres to the continental european legal system of Indonesia that regulate euthanasia is contained in the provisions of Article 344 of the Criminal Code while Netherlands The provisions are contained in the code penal section 40 and Article 293 of the Dutch Criminal. Code anglo saxon like USA hardness of euthanasia. this is based on a court decision in USA that rejects the application of euthanasia as a jurisprudence. Indonesia does not Regulate clearly about the enactment of euthanasia. Netherlands legalize Euthanasia, while State with Anglo Saxon Law system, does not legalize EuthanasiaKeywords: Euthanasia, Continental European Legal System, Anglo Saxon Legal System Negara yang menganut sistem hukum eropa kontinental yaitu Indonesia yang mengatur tentang Euthanasia yaitu termuat dalam ketentuan pasal 344 KUHP sementara di Belanda ketentuan ini dimuat dalam code penal section 40 dan pasal 293 KUHP Belanda. Sistem hukum Anglo saxon seperti Amerika Serikat melarang keras adanya euthanasia. hal ini didasarkan adanya putusan pengadilan di Amerika Serikat yang menolak penerapan euthanasia sebagai sebuah yurisprudensi. Indonesia tidak Mengatur secara jelas tentang pemberlakuan euthanasia. Belanda melegalkan Euthanasia, sedangkan negara dengan sistem Hukum Anglo Saxon tidak melegalkan EuthanasiaKata Kunci: Euthanasia, Sistem Hukum Eropa Kontinental, Sistem Hukum Anglo Saxon
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Nekrasov, Ivan S. "The role of international legal acts in the formation of the system of sources of Russia's penal law." Ugolovnaya yustitsiya, no. 19 (2022): 70–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/23088451/19/12.
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The article aims at analysing the role of international legal norms in the system of sources of the Russian Federation, with a special stress on their importance among the sources of national law. To date, international legal acts directly affect the policy of legislation and are in its priority, thereby forming an independent legal system. This system brings domestic national policy, which includes penal legislation, in line with the acts. The author infers that, in Russian legal science, including penal science, international legal norms are of a national nature. In their own way, they are stable, since they are not exposed to possible influences of any economic, political, or criminological factors. Therefore, in recent decades, this direction has been the main guideline for the development of penal science, which directly affects the law enforcement practice. When analysing the current Penal Code of the Russian Federation, this trend can be traced in some norms whose content is based on the ideas of humanism and enshrines the basic rules for the treatment of various categories of convicts. Looking at Russia today, we can note that the country has created a legal framework that allows it to be classified as a great power that directs the development of the penal system in the modern world. The formation of a new better penal system is undoubtedly facilitated by the adoption of international standards that require the creation of the necessary conditions that in the future are to be implemented in legislation. After all, the recognition of international legal standards in penal legislation will bring Russia to a new level, with a more effective guarantor of the observance of the legality of human rights, and will also serve as an impeccable postulate in the law enforcement and law-making activities of our state in the future.
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Widyawati, Anis. "Criminal Policy of Adultery in Indonesia." Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies 5, no. 1 (May 4, 2020): 171–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jils.v5i1.36786.
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Judge courage needed in deciding adultery cases in article 284 of the Criminal Code for perpetrators who have not been bound by marriage, the judge can apply based on the 1945 Constitution and the Law on Judicial Power, which states the source of law is not only the Law (expansion of the principle of material legality) but can also source from code that lives in the community (customary law). This research is intended to analyze and describe the penal policy (criminal law policy and politics of criminal law) concerning adultery in Indonesia. This research uses normative legal research, where the Author analyze and compare all laws and regulations concerning to adultery in Indonesia and some theories of adultery in global context. This paper emphasized that adultery not only against religious values but also customary values (customary law). The formulation of adultery concept in Indonesian Penal Code affected by religious teachings and national ideology of Pancasila.
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Arroyo-Baltán, Lenin T., José J. Albert- Márquez, Laura C. Joza-Mejía, Beatriz N. Muentes-Holguín, Carmen M. Delgado-Alcívar, and Ángela R. Aldaz-Quiroz. "Una mirada al principio de legalidad: A partir de la constitucionalización del derecho penal ecuatoriano." Dominio de las Ciencias 4, no. 3 (July 31, 2018): 466. http://dx.doi.org/10.23857/dc.v4i3.832.
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<p style="text-align: justify;">En este artículo se analiza el carácter estrictamente legalista que podría tener la aplicación del principio de legalidad –como piedra angular– en el ordenamiento jurídico ecuatoriano, y se fundamenta una posición crítica sobre el debido proceso penal, a partir de la constitucionalización del derecho penal como un conjunto de garantías que pone límites al poder punitivo estatal. El mismo, metodológicamente, se llevó a cabo bajo un enfoque cualitativo. El corpus de la investigación estuvo constituido por la revisión bibliográfica y documental de los estamentos legales que refieren el principio de legalidad a partir de la constitucionalización del derecho penal ecuatoriano. Para el análisis de la información se utilizó el método de la hermenéutica y cuyos resultados permitieron, entre sus conclusiones explicar que desde una mirada al principio de legalidad, y a partir de la constitucionalización del derecho penal ecuatoriano, se pueden observar cuáles son las funciones de garantías criminal, penal, jurisdiccional y de ejecución de dicho principio, independientemente del cumplimiento de su otra doble función esencial de garantía, tanto en el aspecto político como jurídico, lo que significa que se trata de la piedra angular en donde reposa todo el ordenamiento jurídico estatal analizado.</p>
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Fernando Ávila Linzán, Luis. "ALIENAÇÃO SOCIAL E ESTRUTURAS IDEOLÓGICAS: OPACIDADE DA CONSTITUIÇÃO, CULTURA DE DESCUMPRIMENTO E USO SOCIAL ESTRATÉGICO." Revista da Faculdade de Direito da UFG 38, no. 01 (July 1, 2014): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5216/rfd.v38i01.31764.
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Estabelece-se que o direito tradicional contém um padrão civilista-penal e legalista que está posto para que não se o cumpra nem seja efetivo, senão para dar uma sensação de liberdade e segurança por meio de deveres morais alienatórios. Deste modo, enfrenta-se os dispositivos ideológicos do constitucionalismo progressista contra as formas culturais induzidas pelo direito hegemônico. Portanto, é necessária a reaproximação às condições materiais sobre as que se deve operar o direito para a transformação social.
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Dalia, Gaspare. "Prevenzione e percezione di fenomeni corruttivi: istanze di difesa sociale e crisi del garantismo processuale penale." Optime 13, no. 2 (February 6, 2022): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.55312/op.v13i2.373.
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Constitutions and the International Charters of Rights are concerned to ensure the judicial verification of the unlawfulness of facts in compliance with the inalienable rights of the person and the presumption of innocence. Today, modern criminal procedural law, which has always been conditioned by different legal traditions, by different political-constitutional approaches and by the current "criminal emergencies", suffers further stress resulting from political and media communication on topics such as organized crime, terrorism and corruption, thus diverting the analysis from objective data and basing the discussion on questionable and instrumental evaluations. In this context, the demands of justice do not coincide with those of legality, but with those of social defense. In Italy, the disproportionate increase in anti-corruption measures has profoundly changed the procedural means of their assessment, with a clear danger for the rights of suspects and/or accused persons and with a consequent dangerous inquisitorial drift. At the international level, however, new and better measures are being tested. The long-term goal is to identify objective criteria in order to measure corruption in each country, using real-time data. Only objective indicators will make it possibleto conduct investigations that "measure" the corruption in countries in order to initiate more incisive actions to combat it.
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Grigoryeva, Olga O. "Administrative Law Guarantees of Employees of the Penal System of the Russian Federation as a Human Resource Management Instrument." Administrative law and procedure 4 (March 31, 2022): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/2071-1166-2022-4-56-61.
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During the economic crisis, it is more difficult to manage civil servants, since social guarantees often remain unrealized, staff motivation decreases, and the number of violations increases. In this regard, in this article, in contrast to the traditional approach that considers administrative and legal guarantees of employees of the penalsystem from the standpoint of the legality of the performance of official activities, we consider them as a personnel management tool, which allows us to apply our conclusions to employees of other law enforcement agencies.
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Woźniak, Krzysztof, Raul. "Tax odysey-tax evasion wchich ends with penalty?" ASEJ Scientific Journal of Bielsko-Biala School of Finance and Law 22, no. 3 (October 30, 2018): 90–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.7943.
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The doctrine states that tax evasion is a legal action, albeit not tolerated by the state. The legality of tax evasion is of private law character, under the Tax Law tax evasion results in deprivation of the illegal tax benefit. Self-assessment which is non-compliant with the factual proceeding of the taxed actions, is penalized by the Penal Fiscal Law as tax fraud. The objective of this paper is to indicate the limits beyond which legal actions, procedurally compliant with the Tax Law, become criminal. The doubts raised by the taxpayer through acting contrarily to the objective and the spirit of the Tax Law may bring not only financial consequences but also criminal penalty.
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Conti, Adelaide, and Brunella Marniga. "Implicazioni etiche e medico-legali nell’utilizzo di placebo nella sperimentazione clinica." Medicina e Morale 47, no. 4 (August 31, 1998): 739–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/mem.1998.828.
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Gli autori, alla luce di un caso clinico riguardante la sperimentazione farmacologica giunto all’esame di un Comitato Etico, espongono alcune considerazioni sugli aspetti etici e medico-legali dell’utilizzo di placebo.
Una volta analizzato il significato del termine placebo, anche dal punto di vista storico, viene descritto l’uso di tali sostanze: sono numerosi infatti gli esempi relativi alla sperimentazione farmacologica per chiarire l’impiego dei placebo.
I problemi etici implicati sono decisamente importanti: in primo luogo il rispetto dei principi di autonomia, beneficialità, non maleficienza, giustizia.
Le opinioni sono contrastanti: a fronte di chi ritiene che non sia corretto né eticamente né metodologicamente sottoporre a placebo alcun paziente, si pongono coloro che ne promuovono l’utilizzo quando non sia nota altra terapia alternativa efficace.
Peraltro un problema rilevante sembra essere la comunicazione al paziente della terapia a lui somministrata, in sostanza la comunicazione della verità al malato, per garantirne la piena autonomia.
Tuttavia sembra che il placebo per esplicare il suo effetto debba dipendere dalla non consapevolezza e dalla suggestionabilità del paziente. Il Codice Deontologico sottolinea il principio di beneficialità e pone alcune direttive per l’uso di placebo.
Il consenso informato rimane anche in questo ambito un elemento basilare, ribadito dalla Costituzione e dal Codice Penale.
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Sabau, Georgeta Valeria, and Pantilimon Cioia. "Crimes Against the Carrying out of Justice in the Context of the Current Criminal Law." Journal of Legal Studies 16, no. 29 (June 1, 2015): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jles-2015-0003.
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Abstract The passing of the new codes was justified by the legislator by taking into account both the comparative law in the field, as well as the social and economic realities, the evolution of the doctrine and jurisprudence, the need for readjusting the punitive treatment within the normal limits, the simplification of the incriminatory texts and the need to avoid the overlapping of various criminal provisions. The current paper aims to analyze the offenses against the justice process, which have come to know new nuances in the current penal configuration, being distinctively specified in Title IV of the Penal Code‟s Special Part; the syntagm “Crimes hindering justice” has been replaced with “Crimes against the carrying out of justice”, since these crimes have not always effectively prevented justice from being carried out; sometimes they only posed a threat to the justice process. The changes regarding these offenses were justified by the legislator by invoking the need to ensure the legality, impartiality, independence and unwavering nature when carrying out the justice process, new incriminations being brought up and other criminal acts being rethought, which were already criminalized by the previous legislation.
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Sobral de Souza, Patricia Veronica Nunes Carvalho. "MODERNIDADE, RAZÃO PENAL, CONSTITUIÇÃO E ARBÍTRIO." Interfaces Científicas - Direito 2, no. 1 (October 17, 2013): 71–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17564/2316-381x.2013v2n1p71-86.
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Resumo: Toda sociedade para harmonizar os indivíduos que a compõe tem de ser submetida a sanções. Vários pensadores analisaram as razões e formas de penalidades existentes e passaram a estudar concepções mais pedagógicas da pena. A modernidade trouxe ao modelo estatal a ideia do contrato social (razão e arbítrio) para aquele indivíduo dotado de liberdade. Com a criação do Estado surge uma nova ideologia fundada na Constituição, na separação dos poderes e nos direitos individuais. A Constituição de 1988 assegurou princípios que compreendem o Direito Penal, contempla as ideias de cunho garantista, em que não é razoável abolir o Direito penal, nem abolir as prisões, mas garantir a sua utilização mínima, com base na legalidade e demais garantias acobertadas pela Carta Magna de 1988. Abstract: Every society to harmonize the individuals that compose it must be subjected to sanctions. Various thinkers have analyzed the reasons and forms of punishments and started studying pedagogical conceptions of sentence. Modernity has brought to the state model the idea of the social contract (reason and will) for that individual endowed with freedom. With the creation of the State arises a new ideology based on the Constitution, the separation of powers and individual rights. The 1988 Constitution ensured principles that comprise the Criminal Law contemplates the ideas of nature guarantees, it is not reasonable to abolish the criminal law, not abolish prisons, but ensure its minimal use, based on legality and covered up by other guarantees Constitution of 1988. PALAVRAS-CHAVES: Modernidade; constitucionalismo; razão penal; arbítrio; garantismo penal. KEYWORDS: Modernity, constitutionalism; reason criminal; agency; guarantees criminal. Resumen: Cada sociedad para armonizar los individuos que lo componen deben ser objeto de sanciones. Varios pensadores han analizado las razones y formas de castigos y comenzó a estudiar la pluma concepciones pedagógicas. La modernidad ha traído al modelo de Estado la idea del contrato social (razón y voluntad) para ese individuo dotado de libertad. Con la creación del Estado viene una nueva ideología basada en la Constitución, la separación de poderes y los derechos individuales. La Constitución de 1988 principios asegurado que componen el Código Penal contempla las ideas de la naturaleza garantista, no es razonable que la abolición de la ley penal, ni abolir las prisiones, sino garantizar su uso mínimo, en base a las garantías legales y de otro silenciados por Magna Carta de 1988. PALABRAS CLAVE: Modernidad; constitucionalismo; criminal razón, la agencia; garantismo penal.
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Gordilho, Heron José de Santana, and Fernanda Ravazzano. "Ecocídio e o Tribunal Penal Internacional." Revista Justiça do Direito 31, no. 3 (January 23, 2018): 688. http://dx.doi.org/10.5335/rjd.v31i3.7841.
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Ecocídio e o Tribunal Penal Internacional
Resumo: O presente artigo de revisão de literatura analisa o crime de ecocídio, caracterizado pela ofensa massiva ao meio ambiente capaz de provocar a morte de animais ou vegetais, ou por tornar inapropriados o uso das águas, o solo, subsolo e/ou o ar, e ocasionando também graves danos à vida humana. Utilizando o método hermenêutico, o artigo utiliza a interpretação declaratória para demonstrar que as práticas ecocidas podem ser consideradas como crime contra a humanidade previsto na alínea k do artigo 7° do Estatuto de Roma. Para este enquadramento é imprescindível que se preencham os requisitos objetivos e subjetivos do tipo, quais sejam, um ataque generalizado ou sistemático a uma população civil, praticado de forma dolosa, exigindo-se ainda o objetivo político do ataque como fim específico do crime. Por fim, o artigo conclui pela insuficiência da mera adequação do crime de ecocídio aos delitos contra a humanidade, propondo uma Emenda ao estatuto de Roma para incluir o tipo penal de ecocídio de forma autônoma.
Palavras-chave: Direito Ambiental; Crimes contra a humanidade; Tribunal Penal Internacional; Princípio da legalidade; Estatuto de Roma.
Ecocide and the International Criminal Court
Abstract: The present review article analyzes the crime of ecocide, which is characterized by a massive environmental offense capable of causing the death of animals or plants, or of rendering inappropriate the use of water, soil, subsoil and/or air, and, also, causing serious damages to human life. Using the hermeneutical method, the article uses declaratory interpretation to demonstrate that ecocidal practices can be considered as a crime against humanity provided for in Article 7 (k) of the Rome Statute. For this framework, it is imperative that the objective and subjective requirements of the type, e.g. a generalized or systematic attack on a civilian population, practiced in an intentional way, be demanded, and the political objective of the attack is also demanded as a specific purpose of the crime. Finally, the article concludes that the mere inclusion of the ecocide crime as an offense against humanity does not suffice to address its matter. Therefore, an amendment to Rome’s Statute, aiming to include ecocide as an autonomous criminal type, is suggested.
Keywords: Crimes against humanity. Environmental Law. International Criminal Court. Principle of legality. Rome Statute.
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Patiño García, Jimmy, Gabriel Alberto Ospina Herrera, and Isabel Indira Molina Ariza. "Aproximaciones legales y jurisprudenciales a la prueba de oficio, en el procedimiento penal adversarial con tendencia acusatoria en el ordenamiento colombiano." Dos mil tres mil, no. 19 (December 15, 2017): 161–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.35707/dostresmil/1908.
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El presente documento tiene como propósito efectuar una aproximación, desde el punto de vista jurisprudencial y legal, del desarrollo que ha tenido la prueba oficiosa en el sistema penal adversarial de tendencia acusatoria, implementado en Colombia con la Ley 906 de 2004, a fin de establecer la tensión existente entre los principios de imparcialidad, igualdad de armas y legalidad, frente al principio de justicia material y en el contexto del rol del juez en el proceso.
En efecto, esta es una de las discusiones que enfrentan quienes administran justicia y quienes acuden a ella para resolver los conflictos sociales, en la que se evidencia que la construcción de un sistema acusatorio es un proceso inacabado y en constante evolución. Para ello se hace necesario abordar no solo un concepto meramente legalista, sino que se requiere recabar en la filosofía misma del sistema penal acusatorio y las realidades en que este se aplica, para cumplir los cometidos sociales para los cuales fue creado.
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Kilcommins, Shane. "The victim in the Irish criminal process: a journey from dispossession towards partial repossession." Northern Ireland Legal Quarterly 68, no. 4 (December 21, 2017): 505–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.53386/nilq.v68i4.61.
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This article has sought to examine the criminal justice system’s interactions with victims of crime. It is a relationship which has changed irrevocably over time. A significant discontinuity occurred in the nineteenth century when a new architecture of criminal and penal semiotics slowly emerged. An institutional way of knowing interpersonal conflict crystallised, one which reified system relations over personal experiences. It also emphasised new ideals and values such as proportionality, legalism, procedural rationality, equality and uniformity. New commitments, discourses and practices came to the fore in the criminal justice network. In modernity, the problem of criminal wrongdoing became a rationalised domain of action, a site which actively distrusted and excluded ‘non-objective’ truth claims. The state, the law, the accused and the public interest became the principal claims-makers within this institutional and normative arrangement, an arrangement which would dominate criminal and penal relations for the next 150 years. In the last 40 years, the victim has slowly re-emerged as a stakeholder in the criminal process.
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Díaz Galán, Elena C., and Harold Bertot Triana. "La protección de los derechos humanos en la justicia penal internacional: el caso particular del Tribunal Penal Internacional para la ex-Yugoslavia en relación con el derecho consuetudinario y el principio de legalidad = The protection of human rights in international Criminal Justice: the particular case of the international criminal tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia in relation to customary law and the principle of legality." UNIVERSITAS. Revista de Filosofía, Derecho y Política, no. 29 (December 13, 2018): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.20318/universitas.2019.4510.
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RESUMEN: La labor del Tribunal Penal Internacional para la Ex-Yugoslavia tuvo un momento importante en la compresión del principio de legalidad, como principio básico en la garantía de los derechos humanos, al enfrentar no sólo el derecho consuetudinario como fuente de derecho sino también diferentes modos o enfoques en la identificación de este derecho consuetudinario. Esta relación debe ser analizada a la luz de las limitaciones que tiene el derecho internacional y, sobre todo, de los procedimientos de creación de normas. No resulta fácil exigir responsabilidad en el cumplimiento del derecho internacional humanitario y de los derechos humanos. La práctica de este Tribunal abre una vía para la reflexión con la finalidad de asegurar el respeto de los derechos humanos en cualquier circunstancia, incluso de aquellos que llevaron a cabo la comisión de graves crímenes contra la comunidad internacional.ABSTRACT: The work of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia was important for understanding the principle of legality as a key principle on the guarantee of Human Rights. The former was due to the Tribunal’s work on having faced the customary law as a source of law using different perspectives for its identification. The link between customary law, principle of legality and human rights has to be analyzed taking in account the limits of International law and the procedures for creating legal norms. It is not easy to invoke responsibility in the fulfillment of international humanitarian law and international law of human rights. The practice developed by this Tribunal provides an avenue for thinking about ensuring the respect of the human rights in any case including the commission of grave crimes against international community. PALABRAS CLAVE: derecho internacional de los derechos humanos, principio de legalidad, derecho internacional humanitario, costumbre internacionalKEYWORDS: international law of human rights, principle of legality, international humanitarian law, international custom
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Montano, Pedro J. "Chapitre 2. Aspectos penales y criminológicos de la ley 18.987 que legaliza el aborto en el Uruguay." Journal international de bioéthique et d'éthique des sciences 30, no. 1 (2019): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/jibes.301.0061.
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Грязева, Надежда Викторовна, and Егор Сергеевич Кабанен. "SPECIAL ASPECTS OF ACCEPTANCE, BOOKING AND CONTROLING OF CRIME REPORTS AND INCIDENTS WITHIN THE PENAL INSTITUTIONS." Vestnik Samarskogo iuridicheskogo instituta, no. 3(44) (October 11, 2021): 122–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.37523/sui.2021.44.3.019.
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Актуальность изучения стадии возбуждения уголовного дела в общем и проверки сообщений о преступлениях и происшествиях в частности не вызывает сомнений, поскольку именно на этом этапе закладываются основы принятия процессуального решения о возбуждении уголовного дела или об отказе в его возбуждении, что соответствует принципу законности. В учреждениях уголовно-исполнительной системы процессуальная деятельность является специфичной, поскольку связана с особым режимом функционирования учреждений и социальной средой, детерминированной криминальной субкультурой. Статья посвящена исследованию понятия, сущности и значения проверки сообщений о преступлениях и происшествиях в учреждениях уголовно-исполнительной системы. Рассмотрены наиболее распространенные способы проверки сообщений о преступлениях: получение объяснений, производство осмотра места происшествия. Рассматриваемая деятельность не лишена проблем. Проанализированы отдельные из них, касающиеся полноты изложения информации в рапорте об обнаружении признаков преступления и получения объяснений от осужденных, и пути их решения. Для соблюдения законности процессуальной деятельности в учреждениях и органах уголовно-исполнительной системы при рассмотрении сообщений о преступлениях и происшествиях предлагается разработать методические рекомендации, содержащие уголовно-процессуальные и криминалистические аспекты рассматриваемой деятельности, которыми обеспечить все подведомственные органы и учреждения. The relevance of studying the stage of initiating a criminal case, in general, and checking reports of crimes and incidents, in particular, is not in doubt, since it is at this stage that the foundations are laid for making a procedural decision to initiate a criminal case or to refuse to initiate it, which meets the principle of legality. In the institutions of the penitentiary system, procedural activity is specific, since it is associated with a special mode of functioning of institutions and the social environment, determined by the criminal subculture. The article is devoted to the study of the concept, essence and meaning of checking reports on crimes and incidents in the institutions of the penitentiary system. The most common methods of checking reports of crimes such as obtaining explanations, conducting an inspection of the scene of the incident are considered. The activity under consideration is not without problems. Some of them are analyzed, concerning the completeness of the information in the report on the detection of signs of a crime and obtaining explanations from convicted persons and the way to solve them. In order to comply with the legality of procedural activities in institutions and bodies of the penitentiary system when considering reports of crimes and incidents, it is proposed to develop methodological recommendations containing criminal procedural and criminalistic aspects of the activity under consideration which should be provided to all subordinate bodies and institutions.
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Trejo Escobar, Miguel Alberto. "Aproximación a la dogmática de la individualización judicial de la medida de internamiento." Entorno, no. 35 (May 1, 2006): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/entorno.v0i35.7345.
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Cuando me refiero a la individualización judicial de las medidas que se imponen a los jóvenes por la comisión de hechos delictivos, esto es, a la actividad que realiza el Juez de Menores para determinar cuál medida impondrá y por cuánto tiempo, quiero situarme en un ámbito del Derecho Penal Juvenil que me parece confuso, por no decir arbitrario, en su aplicación práctica.Tal confusión obedece al empleo unidireccional de un criterio interpretativo estrictamente legalista que reina en la praxis de esta especial parcela de la jurisdicción; pese a que existe, a mi juicio, en el régimen jurídico especial de menores un marco normativo que posibilita una interpretación distinta que aquí propongo.
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Prakoso, Bagus Andi Dwi, I. Nyoman Sujana, and Luh Putu Suryani. "Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Korban Penipuan Jual Beli Online." Jurnal Konstruksi Hukum 1, no. 2 (October 28, 2020): 266–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/jkh.2.1.2591.266-270.
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Currently, the internet is often used as a means of trading in Indonesia, which often leads to cybercrime crimes, from fraud in trading to fraudulent objects of buying and selling online, requiring legal preservation. What is the form of legal preservation of the object of fraud in online trading? How do criminal sanctions for fraudsters roll out online? These two questions are the problems examined in this study. This study was designed using a normative legal research design. The results of research and assessment can be concluded that legal protection for victims of online buying and selling fraud is essentially carried out by non-penal and penal channels. Legal protection using the penal line can be realized through repressive measures, and non-penal through preventive measures. In repressive actions, objects can be reported by visiting legal institutions for further processing. In a preventive measure, outreach is held about legislation and legal understanding of the ways and culture of using technology so that there is no response to requests for information via e-mail. Matters that affect legal protection for victims of online bladder selling are aimed at the lack of proper facilities and infrastructure, namely the inadequate extension of statutory regulations related to cybercrime to the public. Quality of law enforcement officers and the culture of the people who are not interested in making reports and testimonies. Fraud in trading with online media within the scope of legal regulations has been regulated using positive law in Indonesia, namely in the Criminal Code and the Electronic Information and Technology Law (UU ITE). Although the Law has not been able to deter all the perpetrators concerned, seeing the Principle of Legality in Article 1 of the Criminal Code and the opinion of criminal experts that online defamation is a crime, and therefore it is definitely against the law. Then it must be held accountable for the actions when it is done.
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Расторопова, Ольга Владимировна. "FEATURES OF THE PROSECUTOR'S SUPERVISION OVER THE STATE OF LEGALITY IN THE FIELD OF MATERIAL, HOUSEHOLD AND HEALTH CARE PROVISION IN THE CUSTODY OF WOMEN AND MINORS IN REMAND PRISONS." Vestnik Samarskogo iuridicheskogo instituta, no. 2(48) (August 19, 2022): 70–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.37523/sui.2022.48.2.011.
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Надзор за состоянием законности в сфере материально-бытового и медико-санитарного обеспечения содержания под стражей в следственных изоляторах женщин и несовершеннолетних является весьма актуальной темой, учитывая предусмотренные законодательством определенные особенности содержания под стражей лиц рассматриваемых категорий. Систематически и повсеместно выявляемые нарушения должностными лицами уголовно-исполнительной системы, допущение фактов неисполнения требований уголовно-исполнительного законодательства влекут нарушение прав и законных интересов женщин и несовершеннолетних, отбывающих наказание в СИЗО. В статье отмечается, что прокурорские проверки содержания в СИЗО женщин и несовершеннолетних осужденных необходимо осуществлять на регулярной основе, то есть вне зависимости от наличия информации о фактах нарушения законности. Кроме того, необходимо принять меры по усилению взаимодействия между работниками, осуществляющими надзор за соблюдением законов при содержании под стражей и за уголовно-процессуальной деятельностью органов следствия. Выработка единого подхода к осуществлению прокурорской деятельности, владение методикой проведения проверок позволят не допустить нарушения состояния законности содержания в СИЗО женщин и несовершеннолетних. Supervision of the state of legality in the field of material, household and health care provision of custody in remand prisonsfor women and minors is a very relevant topic, taking into account certain features of the detention of persons of the categories under consideration provided for by legislation. Systematically and universally detected violations by officials of the penal enforcement system, the admission of facts of non-compliance with the requirements of the penal enforcement legislation entails violation of the rights and legitimate interests of women and minors serving sentences in pre-trial detention. The article notes that the prosecutor's checks of the detention of women and under-age convicts in the pre-trial detention center should be carried out on a regular basis, that is, regardless of the availability of information about the facts of violation of the rule of law. In addition, it is necessary to take measures to strengthen the interaction between employees supervising compliance with the laws during detention and the criminal procedural activities of investigative bodies. The development of a unified approach to the implementation of prosecutorial activities, knowledge of the methodology for conducting inspections will prevent violations of the legality of the detention of women and minors in the pre-trial detention center.
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Draghici, Aurelia Teodora, and Dumitru Goşa. "The Distortion of Justice from Non-State Power." International conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION 24, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 166–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kbo-2018-0084.
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Abstract The opportunity and the necessity of simplifying the texts of criminalization, the restoration in natural limits of the sanctioning treatment corroborated with the economic and social evolution, the national and international doctrine and jurisprudence, the necessity to ensure the legality, the impartiality, the independence and firmness in the application of the law, represented the justificatory premises of the legislator in order to amend The Penal Code with regard to the crimes against justice. The rationality for introducing new crimes such as "obstruction of justice" suppose to adapt criminal law to the realities of the democratic society, to the provisions of the European norms, the Romanian experience in the field proving that the means of criminal protection of justice were applied shyly and unconvincingly. The sources of obstruction of justice have not reduces but, instead, it amplified and gained new forms, some very subtle, in close contact with the international world
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Decœur, Henri. "Avoiding Strict Liability in Mixed Conflicts: A Subjectivist Approach to the Contextual Element of War Crimes." International Criminal Law Review 13, no. 2 (2013): 473–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718123-01302004.
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As long as distinct legal regimes apply to international and non-international armed conflicts, the determination of the nature of the conflict by a court of law directly impacts on the criminal responsibility of the accused for war crimes. As this article shows, the approach traditionally used in international criminal law to characterise mixed conflicts is not sufficiently reliable for the addressees of penal norms. Low-ranking perpetrators have generally little chance of being aware of the international character of the conflict. This article argues that the principle of individual guilt requires establishing the mens rea regarding the nature of the conflict. Accordingly, a mistake of fact, or alternatively, a mistake of legal element should be admissible defences. Furthermore, it is submitted that both the method of conflict characterisation and the definition of the corresponding mental element are not compatible with the requirements of the principle of legality.