Journal articles: 'Legal techniques'

1

Goodrich, P., and L. J. Moran. "Teaching legal techniques." Law Teacher 20, no. 2 (January 1986): 102–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03069400.1986.9992663.

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Ellinger, E. P., and K. J. Keith. "Legal Research: Techniques and Ideas." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 30, no. 2 (June 1, 1999): 459. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v30i2.6000.

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This paper was prepared for the conference of New Zealand University Law Teachers held at Massey University in November 1977. Though the authors here make no special claims originality or great insight, the many ideas developed, particularly when taken together with Professor Campbell's trenchant piece on legal writing and John Thomas' more recent article on legal education (both reprinted in this volume), which stresses the relationship between teaching and research, will be of value to the increasing numbers of lawyers engaged in research.

3

Davranov, Akmal Akramjonovich. "TECHNIQUES TO TEACH LAW TERMS IN ENGLISH LESSONS." CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES 02, no. 12 (December 1, 2021): 216–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/philological-crjps-02-12-41.

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The article discusses the features of teaching legal vocabulary in English to law students. When studying English, students of law faculties have many difficulties, since it is necessary to master not only the basic level of the language, but also the special legal terminology used in the practice of the legal language. To do this, students need to be introduced not only to grammar and vocabulary, but also to the specifics of the legal realities international legal systems. Legal terminology reflects the legal culture of every country.

4

GREEN, G. S. M. "LEGAL TECHNIQUES AND MEDICAL VALUE JUDGMENTS*." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Medicine 17, no. 1 (February 1987): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1445-5994.1987.tb05065.x.

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Curson, R. "New Reproductive Techniques: A Legal Perspective." Journal of Medical Ethics 15, no. 4 (December 1, 1989): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jme.15.4.221-a.

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Stratij, Oleksii, and Andrii Shevchuk. "Techniques of legal writing: contemporary realities." Aktual’ni problemi pravoznavstva 1, no. 3 (2022): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/app2022.03.029.

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Mal’ko, Alexander V. "Legal techniques and legal technology: the complex nature of the interaction." Gosudarstvo i pravo, no. 7 (2022): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s102694520020992-2.

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The article examines the nature of the interaction of legal technology and legal technology, analyzes international experience on the regulation of the practical application of this toolkit. Legal technology is a special branch of scientific knowledge, with the help of which transformations in law are carried out and it is possible to plan processes for achieving legal prospects in order to implement the most effective and systematic legal practice. The authors theoretically substantiate the process-instrumental nature of legal activity and show that at each stage, stage, certain legal and technical resources are consistently applied. It is possible to deliberately influence legal validity if one chooses not only the type of legal activity, specific procedural and procedural actions, but also correctly selected resources of legal technology. The need for technological support is especially acute when it is necessary to influence complex legal entities in order to optimize management decisions and reduce legal risks from technical and legal and legal technological errors. The authors conclude that one of the significant reasons for the vulnerability of legal activity is the unresolved issue of normative regulation of the requirements of legal technology and the lack of synchronization between legal technology and technology. In this regard, the phenomena associated with the growth of defects in law, a decrease in the technical and legal quality of legislation and the growth of legal anomalies are exacerbated. A significant strategic task is the active interaction of legal policy and legal technology, which will provide the prerequisites for moving to a new level of legal development design. In this aspect, legal technology allows you to implement strategic tasks, create the necessary legal reality. Promising authors see the use of modern information technologies in the legal sphere, which will positively affect the growth of the quality of the legal life of society, the protection of rights and freedoms, ensuring a stable law and order and national security of Russia.

8

Baranova, Marina V., Olga B. Kuptsova, Sergey N. Belyasov, and Arturas S. Valentonis. "Culture of legal techniques: key dominants in the modern Russian legal system." Cuestiones Políticas 39, no. 71 (December 25, 2022): 566–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.3971.33.

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The article is dedicated to the conceptual and specific analysis of the emergence of the culture of legal techniques under the conditions of a new technological form. The identification and analysis of key types of culture of legal techniques, allows to show their specificity following typological groups. Its systemic unity, which has its specificities, can be considered as the second dominant of the culture of legal techniques. The article further offers a primary doctrinal definition of the concept of culture of legal techniques based on the identified dominant characteristics and manifestations of the culture of legal techniques, studied in the context of the search for ways of effective functioning of the system of power and powerless principles in the Russian legal system. This phenomenon is in the formation stage. The authors have used dialectical, historical-political, formal-legal, and comparative-legal methods. It is concluded that a promising systematic understanding of the essence and meaning of the culture of legal techniques will help to improve the legal culture as a whole and thus increase the effectiveness of the law in modern society.

9

Brierley, Gerry, Wilson Ozuem, and Geoff Lancaster. "Subconscious marketing communication techniques and legal implications." Journal of Decision Systems 29, no. 2 (April 2, 2020): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/12460125.2020.1752047.

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Caplan, Bruce. "Legal Neurology and Malingering: Cases and Techniques." Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation 10, no. 1 (February 1995): 102–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001199-199502000-00016.

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Scamardella, Francesca. "Law, globalisation,governance: emerging alternative legal techniques." Journal of Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law 47, no. 1 (December 16, 2014): 76–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07329113.2014.990805.

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Shamsi, Jawwad A., Sherali Zeadally, Fareha Sheikh, and Angelyn Flowers. "Attribution in cyberspace: techniques and legal implications." Security and Communication Networks 9, no. 15 (April 26, 2016): 2886–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sec.1485.

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Mittal, Priyanka. "Legal validity of scientific techniques of investigation." Public Affairs And Governance 10, no. 2 (2022): 151–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2321-2136.2022.00009.1.

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Alonso, Patricia Dominguez, and Jose Antonio Moreno Molina. "Technical Administrative Legal And Environmental Protection." International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER) 11, no. 13 (December 19, 2012): 1573. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/iber.v11i13.7465.

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Environmental law uses various techniques or tools to achieve its aims and objectives and for the protection of individual rights and interests involved. Administrative techniques can be systematized in terms of their content, distinguishing between preventive intervention techniques, development tools, techniques of repression, environmental planning, trading instruments and complementary economic measures.

15

Martins, Crystal Coral, and Dr Gajanan Gawde. "Legal Text Mining Using Legal Judgements." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 8 (August 31, 2022): 1135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.46368.

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Abstract: Rapid advancements in digital data acquisition techniques have led to massive amounts of data. Above 80 percent of today’s data is composed of unstructured or semi-structured data. The discovery of appropriate patterns and trends to analyse the text documents from massive volume of data is a big issue. Thus, text mining is believed to have high commercial value. Text mining is the process of extracting useful patterns from text data which plays an effective role in decision making task. Here, we will use the legal judgements as the input document then we will apply cosine similarity method to see which judgements are similar and finally we will develop a web application in which the user can search for a particular judgement.

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Dzeiko, Zh O. "Legal technique of interpretation of the law: theoretical and legal aspecks." INTERPRETATION OF LAW: FROM THE THEORY TO THE PRACTICE, no. 12 (2021): 62–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.33663/2524-017x-2021-12-10.

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In her work, the author proposes a system of means, methods, techniques and rules for the exercise of legal activity by subjects of law to understand and, if necessary, to explain the content of the law, aimed at obtaining a legal result. It is true that the main features of legal technology for the interpretation of norms of law are: it is a relatively autonomous element of the legal situation, which derives from its qualitative and quantitative characteristics; The essence of the legal technique of interpreting norms of law is that it corresponds to the essence of the law and the level of development of the legal system; its application is carried out as a result of the thoughtful, willful activity of subjects of law; The content of the legal technique for interpreting the law includes a system of means, means, techniques and rules for understanding and, where necessary, explaining the law; In the form in which its content is expressed, the legal technique of interpreting the rules of law is embodied in certain means, methods, techniques and rules; the legal technique of interpreting the rules of law may be classified into types; The role and importance of the legal technique in the interpretation of norms of law is revealed in the law-making and in the implementation of norms; the legal technique of the interpretation of norms of law is mainly based on the achievements of the legal science, namely the theory of law; The application of the legal technique to the interpretation of the law must be within the limits of the law. The legal technique of interpreting the norms of law should serve to affirm, safeguard and realize human and civil rights and freedoms. The essence and social function of legal technology in the interpretation of norms of law is manifested in law-making and in the implementation of norms of law. Keywords: rule of law, law-making, realization rule of law, interpretation rule of law, legal technique, legal technique of interpretation of the law

17

Ana, I. Wayan, and Ida Ayu Made Puspani. "Techniques of Translating Indonesian Legal Texts into English." e-Journal of Linguistics 15, no. 2 (July 4, 2021): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/e-jl.2021.v15.i02.p09.

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Translation techniques are skills, practical arts or procedures used by translators in their translation activities. Translation techniques are applied to assist translators to select the most precise and accurate equivalents in Target Language (TL). This study was carried out to find the techniques used by legal translators in translating legal text. The data for this study were taken from Law No. 25 of 2007 and four notary deeds and two non-notary deeds. The data were qualitatively analyzed based on the theory of translation procedures by Newmark (1988). The result of this study showed that fifteen translation techniques were used by legal translators. Literal translation occupies the top position, followed by calque, pragmatic amplification, established equivalence, translation shift, reversed naturalization, generalization, pragmatic reduction, modulation, compensation, semantic compression, cultural adaptation, borrowing, semantic amplification and description. The result of this study denied Alcaraz and Hughes’ argument that literal translation is not recommended in the translation.

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Boldyrev, Sergey Nikolaevich. "Legal techniques in ensuring the effectiveness of law." Право и государство: теория и практика, no. 1 (2021): 178–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.47643/1815-1337_2021_1_178.

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Arutyunov, Erik K., and Ilya N. Ulitin. "Some Problems of Legal Techniques in Court Acts." Vestnik of the Omsk Law Academy 15, no. 2 (2018): 120–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.19073/2306-1340-2018-15-2-120-123.

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Kore, Rahul C., Prachi Ray, Priyanka Lade, and Amit Nerurkar. "Legal Document Summarization Using Nlp and Ml Techniques." International Journal of Engineering and Computer Science 9, no. 05 (May 20, 2020): 25039–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijecs/v9i05.4488.

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Reading legal documents are tedious and sometimes it requires domain knowledge related to that document. It is hard to read the full legal document without missing the key important sentences. With increasing number of legal documents it would be convenient to get the essential information from the document without having to go through the whole document. The purpose of this study is to understand a large legal document within a short duration of time. Summarization gives flexibility and convenience to the reader. Using vector representation of words, text ranking algorithms, similarity techniques, this study gives a way to produce the highest ranked sentences. Summarization produces the result in such a way that it covers the most vital information of the document in a concise manner. The paper proposes how the different natural language processing concepts can be used to produce the desired result and give readers the relief from going through the whole complex document. This study definitively presents the steps that are required to achieve the aim and elaborates all the algorithms used at each and every step in the process.

21

Koniaris, Marios, Ioannis Anagnostopoulos, and Yannis Vassiliou. "Evaluation of Diversification Techniques for Legal Information Retrieval." Algorithms 10, no. 1 (January 29, 2017): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a10010022.

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22

Fried, Gabriel, Eva Östlund, Charlotte Ullberg, and Marc Bygdeman. "Somatic Complications And Contraceptive Techniques Following Legal Abortion." Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 68, no. 6 (January 1989): 515–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0412.1989.tb07829.x.

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Samuels, Alec. "Book Review: New Reproductive Techniques: A Legal Perspective." Medicine, Science and the Law 29, no. 2 (April 1989): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002580248902900218.

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24

Shifinan, Pinhas. "Artificial Techniques of Procreation: Legal and Moral Aspects." Israel Law Review 27, no. 4 (1993): 600–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021223700011523.

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The Psalmist's wrote: “For my father and my mother have forsaken me, but the Lord will take me up”. The eleventh-century commentator Rashi explains that this abandoned child, forsaken by his father and mother, is actually a fetus. “For my mother and father have forsaken me— [i.e.] during coition, they thought of their own enjoyment, and having finished their enjoyment, he turns away and she turns away;But the Lord will take me up— [i.e.] the Holy One Blessed Be He protects the semen and creates the fetus”. This graphic and surprisingly poignant depiction of the bedroom is an attempt to portray man's existential solitude from the very moment of conception. He is abandoned by his parents, who were partners to his conception. They forsake him as soon as they complete their sexual intercourse, since their exertions were meant for pleasure, not for childbirth. At this point, intercession comes from God, whom the Sages elsewhere say is the third partner to the creation of man. God assumes responsibility for the continued development of the embryo from conception onward. The underlying assumption of this view is that childbirth is an incidental byproduct of sexual relations, which are primarily intended for mutual pleasure.

25

Vrabel, T. T. "METHODS AND TECHNIQUES OF TRANSLATING ENGLISH LEGAL TERMS." Тrаnscarpathian Philological Studies 1, no. 26 (2022): 192–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.32782/tps2663-4880/2022.26.1.37.

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Gayo, Sabela. "Maritime Dispute Resolution With Mediation Techniques." SASI 29, no. 3 (September 22, 2023): 589. http://dx.doi.org/10.47268/sasi.v29i3.1477.

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Introduction: In resolving ordinary maritime disputes related to national borders, from several types of dispute resolution, mediation is the right way to resolve disputes involving third parties.Purposes of the Research: This paper aims to find out that in resolving martim aurann disputes the law is contained in international law, namely UNCLOS 1982 which regulates martim disputes.Methods of the Research: The type of research is normative juridical with analysis using legal documents in the form of primary legal materials, secondary legal materials, and tertiary legal materials.Results of the Research: Alternative settlement of territorial boundary disputes can be done by, first, referring to UNCLOS 1982 through Bilateral Mutual Agreement in drawing a temporary line (equidistant line) using the equity principle and considering relevant factors and the possibility of modifying the equidistant line with the diplomatic approach of both countries, second, through the ASEAN mechanism, and. third, through the mechanism of the International Court of justice by promoting equitable principles and relevant circumstances.However, resolving with the second alternative is more appropriate because it can use mediation methods in maritime dispute resolution.

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Esanov, Anvar Shukhratovich. "LEGISLATIVE TECHNIQUES IN THE IMPLEMEN TIVE TECHNIQUES IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF NORM TION OF NORM CREATIVITY." Scientific Reports of Bukhara State University 4, no. 3 (June 26, 2020): 222–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.52297/2181-1466/2020/4/3/10.

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This article emphasizes that one of the most important requirements of the legislative technique is that each created law should consist a system of norms derived primarily from the content of the previous norm, based on logical regularity. It is also stated that each norm should be located as a law or other normative-legal document - a unit of a holistic system as an independent, but separate and subordinate to the norms.

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Y., Laputina. "Legal communications: legal development issues." Almanac of law: The role of legal doctrine in ensuring of human rights 11, no. 11 (August 2020): 134–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.33663/2524-017x-2020-11-24.

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The article attempts to provide an overview of appearance and social purpose of legal communications. The results indicate that legal communications appear and develop as behavioral guidelines expressed in the sources of law. The study revealed that ancient sources of law serve as guidelines for communications of legal prohibitions or incentives in the ancient world. This article provides examples of a new communicative model introduction in the states of the ancient world, in particular in Babylon’s King Hammurabi activities. The article provides an analysis of communication models that were introduced in different historical periods - in ancient Greece, in the Middle Ages, in modern times. The author demonstrates the importance of communication potential of the category . The author argues that the communicative function of law ensures that the participants of legal relations receive the state’s position of necessary, permitted or prohibited behavior. The author concludes that in-depth study of legal communication in the future requires the study of methods, techniques, communication guidelines as behavioral impulses that must be conveyed to recipients in various spheres of human life. Keywords: communication, law, legal communication, communication guidelines, human rights.

29

Soloviev, Oleg G., and Yulia O. Goncharova. "Discussion aspects of determining the list of means and techniques of legislative technique in the law-making process." Vestnik Yaroslavskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta im. P. G. Demidova. Seriya gumanitarnye nauki 15, no. 1 (March 11, 2021): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.18255/1996-5648-2021-1-76-83.

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The article examines the means and techniques of legislative technique as the main primary components of the construction of legal norms, the authors explore the controversial aspects of determining the range of key technical and legal instruments. The authors note the negative aspects in the process of using the tools and techniques of legislative technique in the regulation of criminal law prohibitions. The main technical and legal problems in modern criminal law-making are the unjustified casuistification of dispositions of normative prescriptions, the bulkiness of criminal law prohibitions. In some cases, the volume (capacity) of individual dispositions exceeds 150 words. Such normative decisions significantly complicate the perception of elements of a crime, complicate the assessment and comparison of the committed act with a specific criminal norm. These circumstances negatively affect the qualification process and do not meet the needs of law enforcement practice. Certain gaps are observed in the construction of blank dispositions, in a situation where the legislator uses significant prescriptions borrowed from normative acts of other branches of law in the description of encroachments. The paper also notes, that the rules of legislative technique do not relate to basic structural elements, since they are auxiliary (secondary) components of the legislative process and are already associated with the use of tools and techniques in the course of practical normative design, formation of specific legal prescriptions.

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Zych, Natalia. "A simplification of the Consumer Rights Act. Plain legal language and legal language." Oblicza Komunikacji 11 (April 6, 2021): 45–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2083-5345.11.4.

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The article examines the idea of plain legal language as a standard in creating comprehensible and effective communication in legislative acts. It features plain legal language techniques and tools used to tackle the visual and linguistic layer of legal texts. Selected techniques were implemented to experimentally modify the Polish Consumer Rights Act of 30 May 2014. The document, transformed in the spirit of plain legal language, was then submitted for assessment to lawyers as well as individuals with no legal background. The article features the results of the experiment as well as conclusions which make it possible to say whether the “simplified” act is more comprehensible to an average reader, and to assess the cost of the changes introduced in the original provisions of the law.

31

Nykolyna, K. V. "Legal regulation of legal interpretation technique: analysis of perspectives in modern conditions." TRANSFORMATION LEGISLATION OF UKRAINE IN MODERN CONDITIONS DOCTRINAL APPROACHES AND MEASUREMENTS, no. 14 (September 1, 2023): 285–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.33663/2524-017x-2023-14-285-290.

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The rules of legal interpretation are an integral part of modern legal practice. Legal interpretation plays a direct role in the process of giving meaning to the legal text, which is crucial for determining the effectiveness and feasibility of legislation. The legal interpretation technique ensures consistency, predictability and fairness in making legal decisions. However, the lack of uniformity of methods and techniques of legal interpretation in different legal systems and even among different subjects of official interpretation within the same system can create confusion and unpredictability, which will lead to contradictory and unfair results. This article aims to determine the significance of the rules of the legal technique of interpretation in modern legal practice and the prospects of their legal regulation in Ukraine. The issue states the existence of an agreed scientific position in Ukraine, that the legal technique of interpretation includes principles, methods, rules, methods, technologies, which are used by the subject of interpretation in the implementation of legal interpretation activities. However, legal practice found itself in the conditions of the absence of unified algorithms for the use of techniques and methods of official interpretation objectified in normative sources. It is indicated that the regulation of the technique of interpretation of legislation can also contribute to the protection of human rights and the rule of law by ensuring transparency and accountability in the adoption of legal decisions in the process of interpretation. The author analyzed international experience and various approaches to the normative consolidation of rules and principles of interpretation of legal texts. In addition, the article reveals the content of the newest idea of substantiating interpretive law as a part of legal regulation. According to the author, legal standardization of legal interpretation can be carried out in various ways: as an element of the legal technique of law-making, it is possible to ensure authentic interpretation through the adoption of normative legal acts of the same level, in which the legislator clarifies individual terms, phrases, etc.; by adopting, together with a specific act, the desired methods by which this act should be interpreted (special instructions that take into account the peculiarities of the interpretation of a specific legal text); by adopting general interpretive principles and rules for use in the interpretation of any legal texts or for each of their varieties. Finally, the article substantiates the need to establish priority approaches, general standards and principles of official interpretation of legal texts at the regulatory level, to define the main techniques and methods, to clearly outline the range of subjects of official interpretation and the consequences of legal interpretation activity. Key words: legal interpretation, legal interpretation activity, interpretation technologies, rules of interpretation, legal technique, official interpretation, legal regulation, interpretive law.

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ISHII, Akira, Rina KANEKO, Yukari HIRATA, and Makoto HAMAJIMA. "Application of New Mass Spectrometric Techniques to Legal Medicine." Journal of the Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan 56, no. 3 (2008): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5702/massspec.56.131.

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Harnócz, Dorina Lilla. "New plant breeding techniques and genetic engineering: legal approach." Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Law = Agrár- és Környezetjog 13, no. 25 (2018): 81–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.21029/jael.2018.25.81.

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Wear, Stephen E., William H. Coles, Anthony H. Szczygiel, Adrianne McEvoy, and Carl C. Pegels. "Patenting Medical and Surgical Techniques: An Ethical-Legal Analysis." Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 23, no. 1 (February 1, 1998): 75–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1076/jmep.23.1.75.2590.

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Knapp, Samuel J., Leon VandeCreek, and Perry A. Zirkel. "Legal research techniques: What the psychologist needs to know." Professional Psychology: Research and Practice 16, no. 3 (June 1985): 363–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0735-7028.16.3.363.

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Graham, Cosmo, and Tony Prosser. "Privatising Nationalised Industries: Constitutional Issues And New Legal Techniques." Modern Law Review 50, no. 1 (January 1987): 16–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2230.1987.tb02558.x.

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Hazboun, Dr George. "RECENT EVOLUTIONS OF LEGAL TECHNIQUES IN OIL EXPLORATION AGREEMENTS." مجلة الحقوق للبحوث القانونية والاقتصادية 2.1992, no. 1 (July 1, 1992): 45–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/lalexu.1992.291432.

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PERUNOVA, O. M. "THE IMPACT OF LEGAL TECHNIQUES ON CIVIL PROCEDURE PROCEEDINGS." Scientific Journal of Public and Private Law, no. 1 (2024): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.32844/2618-1258.2024.1.3.

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Zadgaonkar, Ashwini V., and Avinash J. Agrawal. "An overview of information extraction techniques for legal document analysis and processing." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 11, no. 6 (December 1, 2021): 5450. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v11i6.pp5450-5457.

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<span>In an Indian law system, different courts publish their legal proceedings every month for future reference of legal experts and common people. Extensive manual labor and time are required to analyze and process the information stored in these lengthy complex legal documents. Automatic legal document processing is the solution to overcome drawbacks of manual processing and will be very helpful to the common man for a better understanding of a legal domain. In this paper, we are exploring the recent advances in the field of legal text processing and provide a comparative analysis of approaches used for it. In this work, we have divided the approaches into three classes NLP based, deep learning-based and, KBP based approaches. We have put special emphasis on the KBP approach as we strongly believe that this approach can handle the complexities of the legal domain well. We finally discuss some of the possible future research directions for legal document analysis and processing.</span>

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Vasylynchuk, Viktor, Valentyn Kovalenko, Viacheslav Nekrasov, Oleksii Kopan, and Roman Shchupakivskyi. "Forensic prevention of crimes in criminal investigation techniques." Revista Amazonia Investiga 10, no. 46 (October 25, 2021): 162–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.34069/ai/2021.46.10.15.

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The purpose of the article is to determine the place and role of forensic prevention in the structure of methods of investigation of certain types of crimes. The subject of research is the concept and features of forensic prevention. The research methodology includes general scientific and special methods of legal science: historical and legal method; structural and functional method; system and structural method, logical and semantic analysis method, formal and legal analysis method. Research results. The issues related to the characteristics of forensic crime prevention are considered. Different points of view on the role, significance and structure of forensic crime prevention are summarized and the conclusion that this legal institution is an integral part of forensic science is made. Practical implementation. The main methods and means of forensic prevention of criminal offenses are determined. Value / originality. It is concluded that the prevention of crimes should be aimed at neutralizing and eliminating the causes that contribute to their commission, and the pre-trial investigation authorities should play the key role in this process.

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Bolshakova, Mariya G. "Strategies and Techniques of the Translation of International Law Documents." Current Issues in Philology and Pedagogical Linguistics, no. 3 (September 25, 2023): 42–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.29025/2079-6021-2023-3-42-53.

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The article deals with the issue of international legal documents translation from English into Russian. Translation strategies are identified which allow achieving accuracy in the translation of legal texts. The paper uses such research methods as contextual analysis, descriptive analysis, comparative analysis, definition analysis, distributive analysis. The factors that complicate the translation of legal texts are identified, including replenishment of the legal terminology system with neologisms and abundance of specialized legal terminology and terminology of related fields of knowledge. It is pointed out that the translator must possess specialized knowledge, as well as a high level of translation and linguacultural competence, which will help to avoid distortion of meaning and violation of the logic when translating from English into Russian. The author identifies the translation techniques used in the translation of legal texts, the choice of which is determined by the analyzed principles and strategies. The research material is the English-language texts of the declarations of BRICS summits and their official translated Russian-language versions. As a result of the research, it was found that the principles of translation of international legal documents correspond to the classical principles of translation, since they require the translator to have a good understanding of the text content, a high level of proficiency in both the source and target languages, preservation of the author’s communicative intention in translation. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the identification of another principle of translation, which a translator should focus on when choosing strategies and techniques for translating international legal texts, in particular, the principle of interdisciplinarity. The author also identifies the main translation techniques, the use of which allows to achieve equivalence and adequacy in translation of legal texts. The research contributes to the development of the theory and practice of translation in general and specialized translation, in particular. In the future, it is planned to conduct comparative studies aimed at identifying the principles, strategies and techniques of translating civil and criminal law documents.

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Koniaris, Marios, Dimitris Galanis, Eugenia Giannini, and Panayiotis Tsanakas. "Evaluation of Automatic Legal Text Summarization Techniques for Greek Case Law." Information 14, no. 4 (April 21, 2023): 250. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info14040250.

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The increasing amount of legal information available online is overwhelming for both citizens and legal professionals, making it difficult and time-consuming to find relevant information and keep up with the latest legal developments. Automatic text summarization techniques can be highly beneficial as they save time, reduce costs, and lessen the cognitive load of legal professionals. However, applying these techniques to legal documents poses several challenges due to the complexity of legal documents and the lack of needed resources, especially in linguistically under-resourced languages, such as the Greek language. In this paper, we address automatic summarization of Greek legal documents. A major challenge in this area is the lack of suitable datasets in the Greek language. In response, we developed a new metadata-rich dataset consisting of selected judgments from the Supreme Civil and Criminal Court of Greece, alongside their reference summaries and category tags, tailored for the purpose of automated legal document summarization. We also adopted several state-of-the-art methods for abstractive and extractive summarization and conducted a comprehensive evaluation of the methods using both human and automatic metrics. Our results: (i) revealed that, while extractive methods exhibit average performance, abstractive methods generate moderately fluent and coherent text, but they tend to receive low scores in relevance and consistency metrics; (ii) indicated the need for metrics that capture better a legal document summary’s coherence, relevance, and consistency; (iii) demonstrated that fine-tuning BERT models on a specific upstream task can significantly improve the model’s performance.

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Pinto, Paula Z. P. F., and Nelson Massini. "Legal and biological safety of legal reprocessing of medicalhospital materials." Brazilian Journal of Health and Biomedical Sciences 19, no. 2 (May 7, 2021): 130–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/bjhbs.2020.59717.

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Introduction: Procedures using disposable materials in thehealth area began to be performed, for example in cardiaccatheterization, which has a high prevalence of morbidity andmortality. Objective: To justify and reaffirm the reuse of single-use catheters in surgeries, as it is justified by the economicbenefit gained from replacing the purchase of new materialsby reusing them. Materials and methods: A bibliographic anddocumentary narrative review was carried out using LILACSand NCBI as database, with previously defined filters andselection criteria. Resultados: Decontamination, disinfection,conditioning, sterilization, and quality control tests are criticalstages and, therefore, require training. Each of these stages alsohas characteristic risks, which must be minimized. In order toensure the quality of the catheter reuse process, after the cleaningand sterilization process, techniques beyond microscopicand visual evaluation of the device are required. A diversityof techniques is addressed so that the quality of the process isassured. Although legislation and supervision are divergentaround the world, many countries choose to adopt reprocessingwith economic justification in most cases. The reuse ofhospital devices involves several physico-chemical processes,which must be performed with quality and safety. Conclusion:The need for greater rigor in the norms and guidelines thataddress this practice is clear and urgent, as well as the greaterintensity and rigidity of the responsible inspection agencies.The use of luminol as an indicator of organic contaminantsmay generate a false positive result. Therefore, 3M™ Clean-Trace ™ is the best instrument found in the world market toensure that the material that has been reused is free of organicwaste, and thus fit for use in hospitals.

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Malyshev, B. V. "Techniques of the teleological method of interpretation of legal norms." INTERPRETATION OF LAW: FROM THE THEORY TO THE PRACTICE, no. 12 (2021): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.33663/2524-017x-2021-12-9.

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This article considers subjective and objective approaches to the teleological method of interpretation of legal norms. Upon generalization of the thoughts presented in legal literature, the following list of techniques of the teleologicalmethod of interpretation of legal norms was made: 1) consideration of dialectics of the purpose and means of its achievement; 2) drawing conclusion on the purpose of the norm based on the purpose of another norm; 3) a conclusion on the purpose of the norm with regard to the general direction of the legal regulation of specific relations; 4) taking into account the link between the purpose of the norm and the goals of the more general nature (the general purpose of the normative legal act, the relationship of the norms of the special part with the purposes of the norms of the general part or for the purpose of the institution of law), in so doing goals of higher value and legal force are contained in the forms of law that have the higher legal force; 5) conclusion on the purpose of the norm in accordance with the content of the Constitution; 6) genetic reception of teleological interpretation (study of the purpose of a similar rule of law, which has expired); 7) in the case of an ambiguous understanding of a rule of law, you should choose the option that best meets its purpose. Keywords: norm of law, purpose of the norm of law, teleology of law, teleological (purposive) way of interpretation of norms of law.

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Journal, IJSREM. "A SURVEY ON SUMMARIZATION OF LEGAL TEXTS." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 03 (March 15, 2024): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem29286.

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The task of summarizing legal texts is of paramount importance in facilitating access to legal knowledge. This survey paper critically reviews and analyzes diverse methodologies applied to the challenging task of summarizing legal texts. In the supervised realm, models such as GIST, SummaRuNNer, and BERTSUM have gained prominence, demonstrating prowess in extractive summarization techniques. Semi-supervised methods, leveraging innovative techniques such as TF-IDF Scores and Sentence Embeddings, have proven effective in handling the intricate structure of court judgments. Unsolicited approaches, CaseSummarizer and exemplified by USLT-LEGAL-BERT, address the challenges of summarization without the luxury of labeled data, showcasing their adaptability to diverse legal domains. Furthermore, the paper explores legal document retrieval strategies, incorporating document vector embeddings and deep learning techniques, underscoring the significance of domain-specific approaches. The study encompasses a variety of models, from Legal-BERT to hierarchical encoder decoder frameworks, showcasing their applicability in handling the complexity inherent in legal texts. Additionally, the survey delves into BERT-based techniques for legal classification tasks, emphasizing the crucial role of context and introducing innovative methods such as "Stride 64." In the realm of legal text simplification, the survey scrutinizes the KIS model and graph-based approaches, revealing nuanced trade- offs between readability, fluency, and meaning preservation. The research culminates with an exploration of the team's participation in LegalEval 2023 shared tasks, underscoring the prowess of deep learning models in tasks such as rhetorical role classification and legal named entity extraction.This survey paper provides a nuanced and comprehensive perspective on the evolving landscape of legal document summarization, offering valuable insights into current methodologies, challenges, and potential future directions for advancing the field. Keywords- Legal text Summarization,Supervised Learning, Extractive Summarization,Semi-supervised methods,Deep learning Techniques,Legal Document retrieval.

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Quteishat, Enas Mohamed Ali, Ahmed Qtaishat, and Anas Mohammad Ali Quteishat. "Building a Predictive Model for Legal Studies through Ensemble Learning Techniques." International Journal of Religion 5, no. 2 (February 12, 2024): 90–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.61707/497t9n49.

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The emerging field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has the potential to not only aid, but also transform and potentially replace human decision-making in a wide range of areas, including the legal system. The integration of computer science and law, exemplified using artificial intelligence in legal decision-making, improves the efficiency of handling cases and promotes standardization in legal procedures, while strengthening the organization of legal information. This paper expands on previous research in the field of judicial prediction and presents the first comprehensive, reliable, and applicable Machine Learning (ML) model for predicting decisions issued by the Supreme Court of the United States. This represents a notable progress in the field of predictive analytics. This work conduct a thorough and comparative analysis of prediction results for various algorithms, including Perceptron, Logistic Regression (LR), Support Vector Machines (SVMs), Naïve Bayes (NB), k-Nearest Neighbors (k-NN), Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP), Calibrated, and Ensemble Learning. The implemented models showcase the ability to accurately predict the results of legal systems, especially by utilising Ensemble techniques. Proposed research explores the integration of different ML and Ensemble learning techniques in the field of legal studies, which is experiencing tremendous technological advancements. It discusses how this technology has the potential to significantly transform the judicial process. These capabilities can greatly enhance decision-making in complex legal situations. This manuscript envisions a future judicial system where the use of ML technology greatly improves the efficiency and fairness of delivering justice.

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Kozhokar, I. P., and E. P. Rusakova. "LAW-IMPLEMENTING LEGAL ENGINEERING AND DIGITAL JUSTICE." Вестник Пермского университета. Юридические науки, no. 1 (59) (2023): 121–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/1995-4190-2023-59-121-141.

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Introduction: the dynamic development of the legal system, the increasing complexity of its elements and links between them draw attention to the application of theoretical constructions in discipline-specific research. First of all, this contributes to defining a clear methodological basis for the study of new legal institutions, this being the key to obtaining reasoned, consistent, and motivated conclusions and proposals. Currently, the most relevant and popular research areas include legal regulation of the use of artificial intelligence systems, robotic technologies, digitalization of legal proceedings, etc. There are many proposals and solutions suggested by legal scholars on these issues, but analysis shows significant discrepancies in the definition of basic concepts, in the understanding of the essence of legal relations as well as the prerequisites for their occurrence, the procedure and reasons for imposition of legal liability, etc. These contradictions are externalized in the current legislation. Purpose: to determine the importance of using legal engineering techniques for the regulation of relations involving the application of artificial intelligence systems. Methods: the key research tools are concepts and laws of interdisciplinary fields of knowledge: general systems theory, theory of information, cybernetics, theory of management; the systematic approach made it possible to characterize the existing forms of law implementation and also legal engineering techniques in the conceptual apparatus of the theory of law as well as to identify the specific features of law implementation techniques; formal legal method; comparative legal method. Results: we carried out comprehensive scientific research on the forms of law implementation; the study revealed specific features of the application of the means, techniques, and methods of legal engineering in all forms of law implementation. We also analyzed civil proceedings through the prism of digitalization, application of modern information and telecommunications technologies in legal activities and legal proceedings; the effect of the use of legal engineering techniques on the effectiveness of these processes was determined.

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Daya-Winterbottom, Trevor. "Legal Personality in Antarctica." Yearbook of Polar Law Online 14, no. 1 (February 23, 2023): 123–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22116427_014010007.

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This paper will critically explore New Zealand’s global trusteeship approach to Antarctica, and the development of guardianship approaches to protecting lakes, harbours, mountains, rivers, and territorial waters. In particular, the paper will examine the growing influence of indigenous claims (including the Ngāi Tahu relationship with the Sub-Antarctic islands) and novel techniques for conferring legal personality on mountains and rivers. The paper will interrogate these themes and provide tentative conclusions for a new approach to Antarctic protection based on legal personality.

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Shcherbyna, V. S. "PROBLEMS OF APPLYING LEGAL TECHNIQUES AND TERMINOLOGY IN ECONOMIC AND ECONOMIC PROCEDURAL LEGISLATION OF UKRAINE." Economics and Law, no. 1 (April 27, 2023): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/econlaw.2023.01.003.

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The article examines the problems of applying legal techniques and terminology in some legal acts of economic and economic procedural legislation. Attention is drawn to the shortcomings, contradictions and inconsistencies of the provisions of individual norms of the specified legal acts, the cause of which is non-compliance with the rules of legal technique and the unsuccessful use of legal terms. In addition, the inconsistency of the terms with the legal concepts that take place in economic legislation consists in not taking into account (not reflecting) the content of the corresponding legal concept and the absence of systematic logical connections between the terms. Four main variants of anomalies in the application of terms in the economic legislation of Ukraine are highlighted: the use of terms that do not reflect the content of legal concepts; the use of the same term to designate legal concepts different in content; the use of different terms to name legal concepts that are identical in content; the use of other terms in the normative-legal acts of the current economic legislation, including those contrary to the terms of the Economic Code of Ukraine. It is noted that certain shortcomings are inherent not only in the current laws, but also in the draft laws under consideration in the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. As an example, the draft Law of Ukraine “On the peculiarities of regulation of entrepreneurial activity of certain types of legal entities and their associations in the transition period” is given. The shortcomings of legal technique and legal terminology in the Economic Procedural Code of Ukraine are analyzed. It is claimed that the presence of deficiencies in economic and economic procedural legislation, which are revealed in the process of law enforcement, indicates an inappropriate level of application of legal techniques and terminology at the stage of development and adoption of regulatory legal acts by the competent state bodies, which undoubtedly harms their law enforcement and to some extent discredits the legal system of Ukraine.

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Enas Mohamed Ali Quteishat. "Predictive Modelling in Legal Decision-Making: Leveraging Machine Learning for Forecasting Legal Outcomes." Journal of Electrical Systems 20, no. 3 (May 27, 2024): 2060–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.52783/jes.4006.

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Predictive modelling holds significant promise in enhancing legal decision-making processes, particularly within the realm of the Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS). This paper investigates the application of Machine Learning (ML) algorithms to forecast legal outcomes, utilizing a dataset comprising SCOTUS cases. Through rigorous preprocessing and analysis, various ML techniques including Decision Trees, Random Forest, Support Vector Machines (SVM), Naive Bayes, k-Nearest Neighbors (k-NN), and XGBoost are applied. The performance of these models is evaluated using precision, recall, F1-score, and accuracy metrics, revealing nuanced differences in their effectiveness. Notably, XGBoost emerges as the top-performing algorithm with an accuracy of 72%, showcasing its robustness in capturing intricate legal patterns. In contrast, Naive Bayes and Decision Tree algorithms exhibit lower accuracies of 61% and 52%, respectively, highlighting potential limitations in their applicability to legal datasets. The comparative analysis sheds light on the strengths and weaknesses of each algorithm, underscoring the importance of selecting appropriate techniques tailored to the complexities of legal decision-making. This study contributes to the growing body of literature on predictive modelling in legal studies, offering valuable insights into the potential applications and implications of ML in enhancing the efficiency and efficacy of legal processes.

Journal articles on the topic 'Legal techniques'

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