Academic literature on the topic 'Legal status of stem cells'

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Journal articles on the topic "Legal status of stem cells":

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Szabłowska-Gadomska, Ilona, Leonora Bużańska, and Maciej Małecki. "Stem cell properties, current legal status and medical application." Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej 71 (December 31, 2017): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.7733.

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Stem cells due to their unique properties of self-renewal and differentiation play a potential role in the process of damaged tissue repair. Isolated from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst have pluripotential properties and are called embryonic stem cells (ESC). Pluripotential stem cells can be also generated from the differentiated cells by the process of reprogramming and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC). Stem cells isolated from tissues (somatic or adult stem cells) are more restricted in their differentiation potential and referred as multipotent. The rapid rise in number of clinical trials using somatic stem cells is due to their proved in basic and preclinical studies therapeutic safety and paracrine properties to modulate microenvironment. Increased translation to the clinic of studies using adult stem cells provide hope for patients with diseases for which traditional medicine is powerless .or ineffective. On the other hand progress in iPSC technology allows to derive disease models and personalize future clinical diagnosis and treatment. This paper will focus on characteristics of stem cells, potential application in regenerative medicine, and the current legal status of cell therapy.
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Spranger, Tade Matthias. "Legal Status and Patentability of Stem Cells in Europe." Biotechnology Law Report 21, no. 2 (April 2002): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/07300310252962019.

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TSANG, L. "Legal and ethical status of stem cells as medicinal products." Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 57, no. 13 (December 12, 2005): 1970–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2005.08.005.

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Lebacqz, Karen. "Stumbling on status: Abortion, stem cells, and faulty reasoning." Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics 33, no. 1 (December 31, 2011): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11017-011-9205-x.

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Пестрикова, Анастасия. "THE PROBLEMS OF DETERMINING THE LEGAL STATUS OF THE EMBRYO AND PARTHENOGENETIC STEM CELLS IN LIGHT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF GENETIC ENGINEERING." Rule-of-law state: theory and practice 16, no. 2 (February 1, 2020): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.33184/pravgos-2020.2.7.

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At the present stage of the development of genetic engineering, the question is raised about the legal status of a human embryo in connection with the commercialization and patenting of parthenogenetic embryonic stem cells. Aim: the article considers the main directions of developing criteria for distinguishing between cellular substances included in the definition of a human embryo, taking into account the latest achievements in the field of genetic engineering and judicial practice of the European Union. Methods: the author uses a comparative analysis of the main scientific achievements in the field of genetic engineering and emerging international practice of legal research in this field. Results: the author proves the importance of distinguishing between the definition of the concept of an embryo in terms of biology and genetics, and the consolidation of legal status and the need for legal protection, in order to avoid abuse of law and evasion of law in the commercial use of human stem cells and human embryos.
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Osadolor, I. O. "The status of nasciturus in the Mexican legal system and ITS relationship with embryonic stem cells." Cytotherapy 19, no. 5 (May 2017): S87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.02.155.

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Steinbock, Bonnie. "The Morality of Killing Human Embryos." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 34, no. 1 (2006): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2006.00005.x.

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Embryonic stem cell research is morally and politically controversial because the process of deriving the embryonic stem (ES) cells kills embryos. If embryos are, as some would claim, human beings like you and me, then ES cell research is clearly impermissible. If, on the other hand, the blastocysts from which embryonic stem cells are derived are not yet human beings, but rather microscopic balls of undifferentiated cells, as others maintain, then ES cell research is probably morally permissible. Whether the research can be justified depends on such issues as its cost, chance of success, and numbers likely to benefit. But this is an issue for any research project, not just ES cell research. What makes the debate over ES cell research controversial is that it, like the debate over abortion, raises “questions that politicians cannot settle: when does human life begin, and what is the moral status of the human embryo?” This paper looks at several theories of moral status and their implications for embryo research.
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Sivaraman, Purnima. "An Empirical Study on the Legal Issues Surrounding Embryonic Stem Cell Research in India." Journal of Legal Studies & Research 08, no. 05 (2022): 164–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.55662/jlsr.2022.8504.

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The discovery of stem cells particularly embryonic stem cells with its possible clinical application has generated great curiosity amongst medical professionals and general public. Embryonic stem cell research has become a challenging issue for biomedical scientists, policy makers and regulatory bodies. The key controversial issue is the determination of moral and legal status of the embryo as embryo stem cell research involves retrieving embryonic tissue from spare embryos leading to their destruction. This embryo that has the full capacity to develop into a human being is sacrificed for the benefit of others. Global regulations monitoring stem cell research are also troubled with similar ethical and moral issues associated with it. The main source of embryonic tissue is the spare or supernumerary embryos created during infertility treatment by artificial reproductive techniques (ART). Sadly, in absence of regulatory provisions to govern them, the field of ART is open for all forms of medical malpraxis bearing direct implications on embryonic stem cell research. This article is an attempt to seek clarity on the concept of embryonic stem cell research and contentious issues associated with it. This is a non-doctrinal study. The researcher has depended on both primary and secondary data. Random sampling has been used to collect the primary data which has been analysed using Frequencies, Chi-Square test and Crosstab method. Secondary data like books, websites, journals and case laws have also been referred to provide a comprehensive and holistic approach towards the study.
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A.S., Herasymenko, and Kultenko V. P. "ETHICS OF THE USE OF EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS IN SCIENCE AND MEDICINE." HUMANITARIAN STUDIOS: PEDAGOGICS, PSYCHOLOGY, PHILOSOPHY 12, no. 3 (November 2021): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.31548/hspedagog2021.03.081.

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Ethical dimensions of biotechnology problems are studied, in particular: ethics of use of embryonic stem cells in science and medicine; the responsibility of researchers for the consequences of their actions; the ethics of using animals in biotechnological research to solve human problems and ensure human health; the limits of human intervention in the genome of living beings; problems of maintaining the balance of the ecosystem; moral and legal status of the embryo, which is used as a resource material in biotechnological research. The attitude of different religions to biotechnological research and experiments with embryonic stem cells is also considered. The question of the impossibility of obtaining economic benefits from the human body, including the unborn and its parts, is becoming more acute.
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Kossow, Sydney. "Creating a United Front: Harmonizing the United States Regulatory Policies Surrounding Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research." SMU Science and Technology Law Review 25, no. 2 (2022): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.25172/smustlr.25.2.7.

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Stem cell therapy is an imperative development in science and medicine that is heavily regulated worldwide. With the potential to cure illnesses, help understand disease development, and advance regenerative medicine, a harmonized regulatory policy is crucial to capitalize on the benefits of stem cells. This article examines an important topic of discussion surrounding stem cell therapy and research: the political debate on how and when embryonic stem cells can be used. In addition to examining ethical challenges, this article discusses the legal challenges surrounding using embryonic stem cells to inform regenerative therapies. Specifically, this article will examine the National Institute of Health’s Guidelines for Human Stem Cell Research and the historic avenues of federal and state legislation to regulate the use of these cells in research. This article discusses the internal and external inconsistencies of the United States’ current regulation of embryonic stem cells and how the divide between states is problematic for the United States’ completive stance in developmental science and medicine. Finally, this article contemplates a cohesive regulatory system influenced by individual states and other countries that currently lead the medical field, to form a united front in approaching the use of stem cells.

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Legal status of stem cells":

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Swanepoel, Magdaleen. "Embryonic stem cell research and cloning a proposed legislative framework in context of legal status and personhood /." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07312007-150150/.

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Perez, Castiglioni Monica Patricia. "Le statut juridique des cellules souches : de la greffe d’organes à la thérapie cellulaire." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021PA080048.

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Les cellules souches en tant que produits cellulaires à finalité thérapeutique (PCT) ou en tant que médicaments de thérapie innovante (MTI) dans le cadre de la médecine régénératrice ont révolutionné la médecine du XXIe siècle. Face aux découvertes récentes de nouvelles cellules souches créées par les chercheurs (parthénotes, cellules souches clonées, cellules iPS), d’autres possibilités de thérapie régénérative surgissent au fil du temps.Le droit, qui a toujours accompagné l’évolution scientifique et technique de la thérapie cellulaire depuis le XVIIe siècle, doit être plus que jamais présent pour protéger l’être humain qui se prête aux nouveaux traitements ou à l’expérimentation. L’évolution historique de cette révolution thérapeutique nous permet de montrer l’importance de la réflexion juridique et éthique pour le progrès scientifique. Des questionnements anciens, comme le statut de l’être prénatal et l’autorisation de cryopréservation des tissus ou des cellules autologues, ressurgissent face à la présence de cellules souches humaines embryonnaires surnuméraires et aux succès de la thérapie régénérative. Des traitements tératogènes et des épisodes de maltraitance des femmes en cours de grossesse ont détruit ou endommagé des milliers d’enfants à naître. Une reconnaissance de la vie prénatale est proposée dans certaines circonstances pour protéger l’embryon et le fœtus avant leur naissance
Stem cells as cellular products for therapeutic purposes (PCT) or as advanced therapy drugs (ITNs) within the framework of regenerative medicine have revolutionized the medicine of the 21st century. Faced with recent discoveries of new stem cells created by researchers (parthenotes, cloned stem cells, iPS cells), other possibilities for regenerative therapy are emerging over time.The law, which has always accompanied the scientific and technical development of cell therapy since the 17th century, must be more present than ever to protect human beings who lend themselves to new treatments or to experimentation. The historical development of this therapeutic revolution allows us to show the importance of legal and ethical reflection for scientific progress.Old questions, such as the status of the prenatal being and the authorization for cryopreservation of autologous tissues or cells, are re-emerging in the face of the presence of supernumerary human embryonic stem cells and the success of regenerative therapy. Teratogenic treatments and episodes of child abuse during pregnancy have destroyed or damaged thousands of unborn children. Recognition of prenatal life is offered in certain circumstances to protect the embryo and fetus before birth
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Rugg-Gunn, Peter. "Epigenetic status of human embryonic stem cells." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.614294.

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Gough, Fionnuala Mary. "Irish ostriches, embryos and stem cells." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/irish-ostriches-embryos-and-stem-cells(3a3aef52-1ab5-43d6-9bf8-b29ce28b5e32).html.

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Human embryonic stem cell research would seem to offer the prospect of developing a greater understanding of, and potential therapies for, common degenerative diseases such as diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. Despite the fact that some Irish institutions engage in such research, Ireland is one of the few countries in Europe which has failed to produce any relevant regulatory framework or legislation. This is largely because embryo research and its regulation remain mired in conflicting socio-political values and interests, despite the fact that the in vitro human embryo is not afforded any legal protection under the Irish Constitution. This thesis seeks to examine the current Irish legal lacuna in relation to embryos and embryonic stem cell research. The first of the three papers making up the core of this thesis reviews the background to the moral, legal and social factors that have contributed to the extant Irish position. A description of the divergent policies enacted in other jurisdictions is also given to outline possible policy options which may be considered by Ireland in the future. The views of relevant stakeholders on the impact of the regulatory lacuna are explored in the second paper through a series of semi-structured interviews. These interviews highlight a surprising level of consensus on the need for the Irish legislature to act and introduce regulations to provide certainty, in one way or the other, in this area of scientific innovation. A procedural mechanism is proposed in the third paper which could allow the development of policy and concomitant regulation in Ireland in this area. It is hoped that the procedural process and resultant framework would be sufficiently inclusive as to be acceptable to the majority of people in Irish society. In conclusion, it is argued that it is undesirable that a modern pluralist democracy (as Ireland aspires to be) should regard legislative inertia and non-regulation as the preferred method of dealing with morally challenging scientific endeavour. Instead, appropriate procedural mechanism should be utilised to allow for the development of apposite policies.
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Nortjé, Nico. "The moral status of embryonic stem cell research in the South African context /." Link to the online version, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1372.

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Batsivari, Antoniana. "Studying the cell cycle status during haematopoietic stem cell development." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25802.

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In adults blood stem cells, called haematopoietic stem cells (HSC), give rise to all blood cells throughout life. The origin and biology of HSCs during embryo development has been an intensely studied topic. Definitive HSCs are generated intra-embryonically in the aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) region of the mid-gestation embryo. Recent research revealed that HSCs emerge through multistep maturation of precursors: proHSC → preHSC I → preHSC II → definitive HSC (dHSC). A hallmark of the HSC emergence is the appearance of intra-aortic haematopoietic clusters that are considered to be sites of haematopoiesis. It was shown in vitro that the E11.5 HSCs are slowly cycling compared to progenitor cells. However, cell cycle status and its role during early HSC development remain unclear. Here I used Fucci transgenic mice that enable in vivo visualisation of the cell cycle. Functional and phenotypic analysis showed that in the early embryo the proHSC precursors cycle slowly, whereas committed progenitors are actively cycling. Meanwhile the preHSC I precursors arising in the E10.5 AGM region become more rapidly cycling. They are located closer to the luminal cavity of the dorsal aorta, while their ancestors, the proHSCs, are slowly cycling and are located at base of the clusters. Furthermore, in the mid-gestation embryo the preHSC I become slowly cycling and are closer to the endothelial lining of the aorta, while they give rise to the actively cycling preHSC II that are located to the luminal area of the artery. Finally, definitive HSCs are mainly slowly cycling at this stage like their foetal liver counterparts. As expected, HSCs in adult bone marrow are mainly dormant. The data suggest that transition from one precursor type to another is accompanied by distinct changes in cell cycle profile and that HSCs become progressively quiescent during development. To test the role of cell cycle in HSC maturation, we used inhibitors against signalling pathways known to play important roles in HSC development. Notch inhibitor affected the cell cycle status of haematopoietic precursors, by possibly promoting them to rapidly proliferate and potentially blocking the maturation from preHSC I to preHSC II precursors. Shh antagonist had the opposite effect and enhanced the HSC activity from the preHSC I precursors. Altogether these results suggest that the cell cycle status plays an important role in the HSC development. A better understanding of the molecules that control this process will allow us to optimize the culture condition for generation of functional HSCs in the laboratory.
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Nortje, Nico. "The moral status of embryonic stem cell research in the South African context." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1372.

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Thesis (DPhil (Philosophy))--University of Stellenbosch, 2007.
Should surplus embryos which are destined to be discarded be protected at all cost, to the extent that they cannot contribute to medical knowledge - knowledge which could benefit society at large? Are embryos people or merely items of property? Different moral theories address these questions in different ways. Deontologists argue that the end never justifies the means and that the right not to be killed is more fundamental than the obligation to save. Utilitarians, on the other hand, argue that certain criteria should be met before moral significance can be contributed to an entity. The question of the moral status of the embryo is, as my discussion will show, one of the most widely discussed issues in the history of bioethics. Extensive literature exists on the topic. This study holds that an Ethics of Responsibility (ER) should by applied when answering the questions posed above as it encourages one to accept responsibility for the choices or decisions made and to defend them accordingly. I have endeavoured to answer the question of the personhood and rights of the embryo within the framework of the Ethics of Responsibility. Although these concepts overlap in many ways they remain central to the debate surrounding the sanctioning or prevention of the use of human embryonic stem cells in research. After identifying the micro-issues surrounding the human embryonic stem cell debate and explaining why both the deontologist and utilitarians fail to provide any adequate answers in this respect, I turn my attention to macro-issues such as safety concerns surrounding the usages and storage of stem cells. Commercialization, power issues, accessibility and the allocation of limited resources are also examined. Living in a society such as South Africa one cannot be blind to the inequalities of our health system. On a macro level I cannot but conclude that stem cell research does not seem to be a viable exercise within the South African context. South Africa faces a health care crisis far greater than the benefits stem cell research currently has to offer. However, the need still exists for a policy to guide future lawmakers who might need to address stem cell research and to guide decisions and actions. This brings me to my final chapter, namely proposing a morally justified policy for South Africa. I propose a policy which respects and values the autonomy of the progenitors’ choices (provided they have not been coerced) and which focuses on the beneficence of the greater society. Furthermore, it is paramount that the goal of any stem cell research should be for therapeutic use ONLY. Before commencing with the extraction of the stem cells, scientists should be obligated first to present convincing evidence that they have tried alternative ways to reach the same result. Once this has been proven, a regulatory body could issue the scientist/team with a license to undertake the specific research with a specific therapy as goal in order to prevent abuse. If they are found guilty of any unethical conduct their licenses should be revoked and an investigation launched.
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Marzec-Schmidt, Katarzyna. "Deep convolutional neural networks accurately predict the differentiation status of human induced pluripotent stem cells." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-19420.

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Rapid progress of AI technology in the life science area is observed in recent years. Convolutionalneural network (CNN) models were successfully applied for the localization and classification of cellson microscopic images. Induced pluripotent stem cells are one of the most important innovations inbiomedical research and are widely used, e.g. in regenerative medicine, drug screening, and diseasemodeling. However, assessment of cell cultures’ quality requires trained personnel, is timeconsumingand hence expensive. Fluorescence microscope images of human induced pluripotentstem‐hepatocytes (hiPS‐HEPs) derived from three human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) lineswere taken daily from day 1 until day 22 of differentiation. The cells from day 1 to 14 were classifiedas ´Early differentiation´, and above day 16 as ´Late differentiation´. In this study, it wasdemonstrated that a CNN‐based model can be trained with simple fluorescence microscope imagesof human induced pluripotent stem‐hepatocytes, and then used to predict with high accuracy(96.4%) the differentiation stage of an independent new set of images.
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Harmon, Shawn H. E. "Health research, (bio)technology, regulation & values : operationalising socio-moral values in the legal setting." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/9794.

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The rapidly evolving biosciences increasingly rely on the analysis, manipulation and reproduction of the human body. In the health setting, novel biotechnologies offer new methods/avenues for the investigation of wellbeing and the treatment of illness, but they do not just expand the clinician’s toolbox, they increase the very scope of her work. By offering new (and formerly invisible) measures for health, they have created new categories of illhealth (ie: expanding the ways in which humans can be classified as abnormal, unhealthy, or diseased). In doing so, they contain huge marginalising potential. And they are evolving at a pace that the law cannot match. Given this, important questions arise such as: What institutions are acting in this field and what is guiding them? How is health-related research being encouraged and regulated? How does the human subject figure in the bioeconomy? What values are we claiming and vindicating under existing regulatory regimes? What values ought we be emphasising bearing in mind social needs and individual rights? The body of work that forms this submission represents five years of socio-legal research and evolving thought on the topic of how values inform the law and are operationalised through the law and legal institutions. While the publications relied on are diverse, they all pursue small facets of this value inquiry. The first theme addressed – international values and actors – is composed of three papers which explore broad internationally shared values claimed in legal instruments such as the Universal Declaration on the Human Genome and Human Rights and the Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights, and institutions such as UNESCO and the EPO. A range of values emerge from these. Papers under the second theme – human participation in health research – explore how we access and use the human body in the modern biosociety/bioeconomy, and how we might better encourage subject participation in, and equitable benefit from, the biomedical research setting. Focusing on population biobanking, it assesses who has rights in the body and what those rights are, and how the existing environment interacts with our claimed values. Papers under the third theme – encouraging stem cell research in Argentina – explore governance instruments and their significance for realising claimed or desired values. These papers are informed by original empirical work conducted in Argentina over a 24-month period during which the Argentine government grappled with the realities of the new biosociety and the (perceived) need to facilitate bioscience research and medical treatment using human tissue. While these papers represent only part of the scholarship deriving from this project, they deploy new evidence on the existing environment and the way forward in that jurisdiction. As argued in the Critical Review, these publications form a broadly coherent and farranging body of interdisciplinary work which persistently questions the link between law and values and how we govern modern bioscience. While there are necessarily descriptive elements, the whole is critically analytical and normatively suggestive. In addition to summarising the aims, objectives, methodology, results and conclusions of these works, and indicating how they form a coherent body of work, the Critical Review goes further. Drawing on evolving thinking and recent scholarship, it argues for a regime less reliant on instruments and more reliant on expert institutions informed by, and charged with protecting, socio-moral values informed by the human rights paradigm.
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Alsheikh, Manal. "Impact of the Maturation Status of Osteoblasts on Their Hematopoietic Regulatory Activity." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35899.

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Osteoblasts (OST) provide strong intrinsic growth modulatory activities on hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells via different mechanisms that include secretion of growth factors, and cellular interaction. Previously we showed that medium conditioned by mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-derived osteoblasts (M-OST) improve the expansion of cord blood (CB) CD34+ cells. I hypothesize that the hematopoietic supporting activity of M-OST would vary as a function of their maturation. This was tested by producing osteoblast conditioned media (OCM) from M-OST at distinct stages of maturation, and testing their growth regulatory activities in CB CD34+ cell cultures. My results showed that some of the growth promoting activity of OCM on CB cells are not dependent on the maturation status, while others are and those are largely independent of Notch signalling. In conclusion, these results provide further evidence that osteoblasts release factors that can promote the growth of immature CB progenitors in a Notch-independent way.

Books on the topic "Legal status of stem cells":

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Paul, Weingartner, ed. Rohstoff Mensch, das flüssige Gold der Zukunft?: Ist Ethik privatisierbar? Frankfurt am Main: P. Lang, 2009.

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Paul, Weingartner, ed. Rohstoff Mensch, das flüssige Gold der Zukunft?: Ist Ethik privatisierbar? Frankfurt am Main: P. Lang, 2009.

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Alves, Bianca da Silva. Células-tronco embrionárias humanas: Utilização ilegal e direito penal. Curitiba: Juruá Editora, 2010.

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Hassmann, Holger. Embryonenschutz im Spannungsfeld internationaler Menschenrechte, staatlicher Grundrechte und nationaler Regelungsmodelle zur Embryonenforschung: With English summary. Berlin: Springer, 2003.

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Giovanni, Maio, and Just Hanjörg, eds. Die Forschung an embryonalen Stammzellen in ethischer und rechtlicher Perspektive. Baden-Baden: Nomos, 2003.

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Gailly, Benjamin. L'influence des religions sur le droit laïc: L'exemple du statut juridique de l'embryon. Paris: L'Harmattan, 2013.

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Dombrink, John. Sin no more: From abortion to stem cells, understanding crime, law, and morality in America. New York: New York University Press, 2007.

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Bürgin, Matthias Till. Wen oder was schützt der Embryonenschutz?: Eine kritische Analyse des strafbewehrten Verbots der Forschung an menschlichen Embryonen im schweizerischen Stammzellenforschungsgesetz. Basel: Helbing Lichtenhahn, 2011.

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Daniel I. García San José. European normative framework for biomedical research in human embryos. Cizur Menor (Navarra): Thomson Reuters Aranzadi, 2013.

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Suarez, Antoine. Is this cell a human being?: Exploring the status of embryos, stem cells and human-animal hybrids. Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "Legal status of stem cells":

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Löser, Peter, Anke Guhr, Sabine Kobold, Anna M. Wobus, and Andreas Kurtz. "Status and Impact of Research on Human Pluripotent Stem Cells: Cell Lines and Their Use in Published Research." In Stem Cells and Cancer Stem Cells, Volume 2, 61–74. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2016-9_7.

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Ho, Thach-Vu, Grace Asuelime, Wendong Li, and Yanhong Shi. "Current Status of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells." In Tissue Engineering in Regenerative Medicine, 39–52. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-322-6_3.

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Warren-Jones, Amanda. "Regulation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells in Europe." In Legal and Forensic Medicine, 1561–81. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32338-6_111.

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Sinden, John D., Paul Stroemer, Gregory Grigoryan, Sara Patel, Sarah J. French, and Helen Hodges. "Functional Repair with Neural Stem Cells." In Neural Transplantation in Neurodegenerative Disease: Current Status and New Directions, 270–88. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0470870834.ch16.

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Botes, W. M., M. Nöthling Slabbert, M. Alessandrini, and M. S. Pepper. "Stem Cell Therapy: Accepted Therapies, Managing the Hope of Society, and a Legal Perspective." In Stem Cells in Clinical Applications, 1–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40073-0_1.

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Pavlović, Mirjana, and Ksenija Radotić. "Current Status and Perspectives in Stem Cell Research: The Concept of Normal Stem (NSC) and Cancer Stem Cell (CSC)." In Animal and Plant Stem Cells, 7–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47763-3_2.

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Tang, Kwan Ho, Stephanie Ma, and Xin-Yuan Guan. "Liver Tumor-Initiating Cells/Cancer Stem Cells: Past Studies, Current Status, and Future Perspectives." In Advances in Cancer Stem Cell Biology, 181–96. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0809-3_11.

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Chen, Fa-Ming, and Yan Jin. "Periodontal Bioengineering Strategies: The Present Status and Some Developing Trends." In Stem Cells in Craniofacial Development and Regeneration, 501–24. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118498026.ch28.

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Zou, Gang-Ming. "RNAi in Stem Cells: Current Status and Future Perspectives." In RNAi and microRNA-Mediated Gene Regulation in Stem Cells, 3–14. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-769-3_1.

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Baune, Øyvind, Ole Johan Borge, Steinar Funderud, Dagfinn Føllesdal, Gunnar Heiene, and Lars Østnor. "The Moral Status of Human Embryos with Special Regard to Stem Cell Research and Therapy." In Stem Cells, Human Embryos and Ethics, 1–18. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6989-5_1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Legal status of stem cells":

1

Buschhaus, Johanna M., Ayse J. Muniz, Ming Luo, Joseph P. Burnett, Nathan A. Truchan, Michael D. Brooks, Brock A. Humphries, et al. "Abstract 5727: Metabolic status and adaptability of breast cancer stem cells." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2020; April 27-28, 2020 and June 22-24, 2020; Philadelphia, PA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2020-5727.

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Singh, Rajbir, Kamalakannan Palanichamy, Saikh Jaharul Haque, and Arnab Chakravarti. "Abstract 529: PTEN status regulates let-7a-3p mediated therapeutic response in glioma stem cells." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2018; April 14-18, 2018; Chicago, IL. American Association for Cancer Research, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-529.

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Wang, Hanmin, Alyse Huisken-Hill, Evgeny Chirshev, and Juli Unternaehrer-Hamm. "Abstract TMEM-039: THE ROLE OF SNAIL IN CELL DIFFERENTIATION STATUS: EPITHELIAL-MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION AND CANCER STEM CELLS." In Abstracts: 11th Biennial Ovarian Cancer Research Symposium; September 12-13, 2016; Seattle, WA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1557-3265.ovcasymp16-tmem-039.

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Benderra, M.-A., M. Zaoui, M. Atlan, N. Ferrand, JA Denis, M. Leban, F. Lamari, AK Larsen, M. Sabbah, and J. Gligorov. "Abstract P6-07-05: Interactions between adipocyte stem cells and normal or tumoral mammary epithelial cells. Potantial role of BRCA status and estrogen pathway." In Abstracts: 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; December 5-9, 2017; San Antonio, Texas. American Association for Cancer Research, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs17-p6-07-05.

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Becker, Nicole Bernd, Allan Marinho Alcará, Isadora Ghilardi, Vitoria Pimentel, Giulia Pinzetta, Laura Provenz, Gabriel Leal, et al. "Mesenchymal stem cells modulate the gene expression of cationchloride co-transporter KCC2 in epileptogenesis." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.693.

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Abstract:
Background: Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE), by firing of neuronal populations, leads to spontaneous and recurrent seizures1 . As 30% of TLE patients do not respond to pharmacotherapy2,3, it is necessary to search for alternatives. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are an attractive approach in this context, due to their less invasive character and its ability to modulate diseased niches. Objective: Analyze the gene expression related to the cation-chloride cotransporter KCC2 in TLE induced by pilocarpine model in rats. Design and Setting: Experimental study, Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul. Methods: MSCs were extracted from the bone marrow of Wistar rats, cultured and transplanted intravenously and intranasally into healthy and epileptic Wistar rats. Results: It was observed a decrease in the expression of KCC2 in the brain of the animals at 1-day post-transplant, which refers to a down-regulation, and an increase at 7 days post-transplant, representing an up-regulation. The loss of function of KCC2 decreases the release of chloride with difficulty in inhibiting GABAergic inhibition, resulting in hyperexcitability of neuronal circuits. In this case, MSCs can promote rearrangement in gamma-aminobutyric acid-mediated inhibition, reducing hyperexcitability and hypersynchronicity. Hence, KCC2 down-regulation is associated with epileptiform activity, while up-regulation can be related to the MSCs effects. Also, KCC2 expression showed a kind of pattern at 1-day post- transplant in both routes of administration, providing the possibility that KCC2 can be explored as a biomarker for epilepsy. Conclusion: KCC2 is an important target for epilepsy, as well MSCs have a modulatory function on the levels of the expression of this gene in animals induced to status epilepticus by pilocarpine.
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Carvalho, Gabriel Leal, Isadora Ghilardi, Allan Alcará, Felipe Rodrigues, Ângela Zanatta, Giovani Zocche, Giulia Pinzetta, et al. "Gene expression of calcium channel CACNA1H in epileptogenesis can be modulated by mesenchymal stem cells." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.593.

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Introduction: Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE) is the most common refractory epilepsy, and it is characterized by abnormal firing of a population of neurons in the brain, and by cognitive deficit1 . This abnormal intrinsic phenomenon can cause deregulation of the T-type calcium channels, increasing neuronal excitability, leading to structural changes in the Central Nervous System2 . Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) are a therapeutic alternative for the TLE for they can modulate neurotransmitters liberation, reducing neuronal death and increasing neurogenesis3,4,5. The present study analyzed MSCs effects on gene expression of T-type calcium channel CACNA1H in the brain of pilocarpine-induced TLE animal models. Methods: The MSCs were obtained from the bone marrow of Wistar rats, cultured, and transplanted intravenously and intranasally. The animals were separated into the following groups: control and pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus, then they were euthanized 1- and 7-days post-transplant for gene expression analysis. Results: The results show that 1-day post-transplant there was no difference in the CACNA1H gene expression between the MSC-treated pilocarpine groups and the control and untreated pilocarpine groups. Subsequently 7-days posttransplant, the treated groups showed greater expression of the gene in both means of administration. Moreover, there was an increase in CACNA1H gene expression in the prefrontal cortex of the treated pilocarpine group, which makes us conjecture a mechanism of greater need for its transcription in this area. Conclusion: Thus, MSCs were able to modulate the expression of the CACNA1H gene in the brain, increasing its importance as a target for future studies on epilepsy therapies involving cells.
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Kim, Do-Hee, Jeong-Hoon Jang, and Young-Joon Surh. "Abstract 3999: Intracellular redox status determines self-renewal activity of breast cancer stem-like cells through activation of Nrf2-mediated FoxO3a-Bmi-1 signaling." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2018; April 14-18, 2018; Chicago, IL. American Association for Cancer Research, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-3999.

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Vlašković, Veljko. "Pravni značaj biomedicinske usluge čuvanja reproduktivnih ćelija maloletnog lica." In XVI Majsko savetovanje. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/upk20.451v.

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Serbian Law on Medically Assisted Reproduction has widened the number of persons who enjoy the right to preserve their reproductive material for postponed reproduction due to threatened infertility. In this context, that right now belongs also to underage person if her/his parents gave the explicit and written consent to harvesting, freezing and banking of their child's reproductive cells. These are the cases when the underage person currently has reproductive capability, but she/ he is threatened by loss of reproductive function in the near future due to developing illness or forthcoming medical treatment. Understandably, the child has no right to postponed usage of residual reproductive cells beyond the cases of threatened infertility, since the underage person does not meet the legal requirements concerning personal and family status necessary for enjoying services of medically assisted reproduction. Frozen reproductive cells of underage persons will be stored without time limits, but the underage person cannot use them for conception before acquisition of legal conditions to enjoy the services of medically assisted reproduction (majority and full legal capacity, conclusion of marriage or establishing cohabitation). Such approach intends to make balance between the interests of an underage person whose gametes are stored and the „the best interets of the prospective child“ who should be conceived and born. Frozen reproductive cells of an underage person cannot be used in any other purpose except postponed homologous reproduction. Although it is not directly mentioned in Law on Medically Assisted Reproduction, reproductive cells may be harvested from an underage persons if she/he does not object to it. Such rule derives from the analogous application to the rule of Law on Human Cells and Tissues that human cell cannot be harvested from a person who has not attained majority if such person objects to it. Parents of the child decide on giving consent to harvesting, freezing and banking of their child's reproductive cells by their mutual agreement, which has the legal significance of the issue that greatly affects the child's life. The absence of consent of one or both parents cannot be replaced by state authority decision. Furthermore, the parents are not allowed to revoke their consent to their child's gamete banking.
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Vlašković, Veljko. "Pravni značaj biomedicinske usluge čuvanja reproduktivnih ćelija maloletnog lica." In XVI Majsko savetovanje. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/upk20.451v.

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Abstract:
Serbian Law on Medically Assisted Reproduction has widened the number of persons who enjoy the right to preserve their reproductive material for postponed reproduction due to threatened infertility. In this context, that right now belongs also to underage person if her/his parents gave the explicit and written consent to harvesting, freezing and banking of their child's reproductive cells. These are the cases when the underage person currently has reproductive capability, but she/ he is threatened by loss of reproductive function in the near future due to developing illness or forthcoming medical treatment. Understandably, the child has no right to postponed usage of residual reproductive cells beyond the cases of threatened infertility, since the underage person does not meet the legal requirements concerning personal and family status necessary for enjoying services of medically assisted reproduction. Frozen reproductive cells of underage persons will be stored without time limits, but the underage person cannot use them for conception before acquisition of legal conditions to enjoy the services of medically assisted reproduction (majority and full legal capacity, conclusion of marriage or establishing cohabitation). Such approach intends to make balance between the interests of an underage person whose gametes are stored and the „the best interets of the prospective child“ who should be conceived and born. Frozen reproductive cells of an underage person cannot be used in any other purpose except postponed homologous reproduction. Although it is not directly mentioned in Law on Medically Assisted Reproduction, reproductive cells may be harvested from an underage persons if she/he does not object to it. Such rule derives from the analogous application to the rule of Law on Human Cells and Tissues that human cell cannot be harvested from a person who has not attained majority if such person objects to it. Parents of the child decide on giving consent to harvesting, freezing and banking of their child's reproductive cells by their mutual agreement, which has the legal significance of the issue that greatly affects the child's life. The absence of consent of one or both parents cannot be replaced by state authority decision. Furthermore, the parents are not allowed to revoke their consent to their child's gamete banking.
10

Pinzetta, Giulia, Allan Alcará, Isadora Ghilardi, Vitoria Pimentel, Nicole Becker, Laura Provenzi, Gabriel Leal, Giovani Zocche, et al. "Modulation of the expression of the SLC12A2 gene that encodes the cationic co- transporter NKCC1 in epileptic animals treated with mesenchymal stem cells." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.689.

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Abstract:
Introduction: Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE) can be identified by synchronized and rhythmic firing of neuronal populations that results in spontaneous and recurrent seizures in individuals affected by it1 . This type of epilepsy is clinically relevant because of its high incidence and refractoriness rate2,3. Thus, the search for therapeutic alternatives becomes important. Due to its benefits and less invasive administration, the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)4 appears as a possible therapeutic alternative, because can stimulate and provide a favorable niche for recovery based on their paracrine activities5 . Objectives: The present work aim to highlight the effect promoted by MSCs on the transcription of mRNA of the NKCC1 gene in the TLE induced by pilocarpine model in rats. NKCC1 plays a role in controlling the potential reversal of current and voltage signals executed by Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors, contributing to inhibitory GABAergic efficacy6 . Design and setting: Experimental design was held at the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul. Methods: Bone marrow cells were extracted from donor rats, then cultured and transplanted intranasally in animals induced to status epilepticus by pilocarpine7,11. Results: It was observed the ability of the MSCs to alter the amount of transcripts in the brain of the animals. When analyzing the stratified areas of the brain, an increase in NKCC1 expression12 was observed directly to the amygdalas and hippocampi, which are limbic lobe structures affected in epilepsy. Conclusion: MSCs had a modulatory function in the levels of gene expression of cation- chloride co-transporter NKCC1 during acute phase of epilepsy.

Reports on the topic "Legal status of stem cells":

1

Halevy, Orna, Sandra Velleman, and Shlomo Yahav. Early post-hatch thermal stress effects on broiler muscle development and performance. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7597933.bard.

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In broilers, the immediate post-hatch handling period exposes chicks to cold or hot thermal stress, with potentially harmful consequences to product quantity and quality that could threaten poultry meat marketability as a healthy, low-fat food. This lower performance includes adverse effects on muscle growth and damage to muscle structure (e.g., less protein and more fat deposition). A leading candidate for mediating the effects of thermal stress on muscle growth and development is a unique group of skeletal muscle cells known as adult myoblasts (satellite cells). Satellite cells are multipotential stem cells that can be stimulated to follow other developmental pathways, especially adipogenesis in lieu of muscle formation. They are most active during the first week of age in broilers and have been shown to be sensitive to environmental conditions and nutritional status. The hypothesis of the present study was that immediate post-hatch thermal stress would harm broiler growth and performance. In particular, growth characteristics and gene expression of muscle progenitor cells (i.e., satellite cells) will be affected, leading to increased fat deposition, resulting in long-term changes in muscle structure and a reduction in meat yield. The in vitro studies on cultured satellite cells derived from different muscle, have demonstrated that, anaerobic pectoralis major satellite cells are more predisposed to adipogenic conversion and more sensitive during myogenic proliferation and differentiation than aerobic biceps femoris cells when challenged to both hot and cold thermal stress. These results corroborated the in vivo studies, establishing that chronic heat exposure of broiler chicks at their first two week of life leads to impaired myogenicity of the satellite cells, and increased fat deposition in the muscle. Moreover, chronic exposure of chicks to inaccurate temperature, in particular to heat vs. cold, during their early posthatch periods has long-term effects of BW, absolute muscle growth and muscle morphology and meat quality. The latter is manifested by higher lipid and collagen deposition and may lead to the white striping occurrence. The results of this study emphasize the high sensitivity of muscle progenitor cells in the early posthatch period at a time when they are highly active and therefore the importance of rearing broiler chicks under accurate ambient temperatures. From an agricultural point of view, this research clearly demonstrates the immediate and long-term adverse effects on broiler muscling and fat formation due to chronic exposure to hot stress vs. cold temperatures at early age posthatch. These findings will aid in developing management strategies to improve broiler performance in Israel and the USA. BARD Report - Project4592 Page 2 of 29

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