Dissertations / Theses: 'Legal rule'

1

Cassel, Par Kristoffer. "Rule of law or rule of laws: Legal pluralism and extraterritoriality in nineteenth century East Asia." [S.I. : s.n.], 2006. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/150373677.html.

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Roy, Archie W. N. "Developmental change in socio-legal perception : the effects of cognitive and socio-cognitive conflict." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249024.

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Zajac, Sannerholm Richard. "Rule of Law After War : Ideologies, Norms and Methods for Legal and Judicial Reform /." Örebro : Örebro University, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-8513.

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4

Berger, Victoria Anna [Verfasser]. "Vorstandshaftung und Beratung : Ision-Kriterien, unternehmerische Entscheidung und Legal Judgment Rule / Victoria Anna Berger." Baden-Baden : Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2015. http://d-nb.info/110634023X/34.

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Ibrahim, Bilal. "The evolution of the rule of law : the origins and function of legal theory." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=98935.

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The thesis examines the origins and function of legal theory ( usul al-fiqh) within the context of the development of early Islamic law. I argue against the depiction of the development of law as a series of compromises between traditionalism and rationalism. Rather, by evading the demands of traditionalism, law evolved into a complex doctrinal entity rooted in the social structures of third-century Abbasid society. This revision of the development of law provides a context to evaluate early works of legal theory. Moreover, in context of my analysis of the development of law, I attempt to explain the emergence of legal theory as an independent discipline and its function within the greater structure of law.

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Nordbrandt, Lisa, and Lina Birgersson. "Developing Legal University Education in Lao PDR : In order to Strengthen Rule of Law." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-101286.

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Köhler, Karoline Henrike [Verfasser]. "Legal Judgement Rule : Konzeption zur Reformierung der Vorstandshaftung nach dem Aktiengesetz / Karoline Henrike Köhler." Frankfurt a.M. : Peter Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1161046755/34.

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Köhler, Karoline H. [Verfasser]. "Legal Judgement Rule : Konzeption zur Reformierung der Vorstandshaftung nach dem Aktiengesetz / Karoline Henrike Köhler." Frankfurt a.M. : Peter Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, 2018. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:101:1-2018061315041421697670.

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Moles, R. N. "Definition and rule in jurisprudence : a critique of H.L.A. Hart's response to John Austin." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.370587.

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Birgersson, Lina, and Lisa Nordbrandt. "Utveckling av juridisk universitetsutbildning i Laos. För att stärka Rule of Law." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-101647.

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Monene, Malose Samuel. "The rule of law, prosecutorial independence and accountability in a nascent constitutional democracy." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/581.

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Thesis (LLM. (Development and management law)) --University of Limpopo, 2010
This study probes the topical issue of prosecutorial independence in post 1994 South Africa in order to begin to determine how the new democratic constitutional dispensation has and should have affected the independence of our prosecutors. It also explores, albeit introductorily, the intersection of prosecutorial and judicial independence by suggesting that the much vaunted judicial independence in South Africa can prove mythical if prosecutorial independence is not vigorously and unflinchingly championed. The study also looks into what role accountability plays both as a pro and a con for prosecutorial independence within the parameters of the rule of law. Furthermore a comparative analysis of some fellow Commonwealth of Nations jurisprudences is embarked upon with a view to see what lessons can be learned and which prosecutorial approach tutorials are worth bunking. With a critical approach which is historical, contemporary and contextual, the study goes on to marry South African legal instruments, prosecutorial policies and other relevant literary insights to contemporary intersections ,interactions and frictions between law and politics in South Africa. The study seeks to begin to suggest a rule of law based but reasonably accountable prosecutorial approach for this country.

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Waddell, Sarah Kathleen. "The Role of the 'Legal Rule' in Indonesian Law: environmental law and the reformasi of water management." University of Sydney. Environmental Law, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/673.

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In examining the role of the �legal rule� in Indonesian law, and in particular environmental law related to water quality management, this thesis questions the often expressed view that laws in Indonesia are sound, they merely fail to be implemented. It proposes that this appraisal of the situation does not take a sufficiently deep assessment and that a cause for non-implementation lies within the drafting of the laws themselves. It is argued that the ineffective system for environmental protection in Indonesia can be related to a failure to recognise the role of the �legal rule� in environmental law. A proposition presented in this thesis is that the arrangements for environmental law making in Indonesia lacks a strong rule foundation and, for this reason, it is not capable of producing shared understandings by lawmakers about producing and reproducing environmental law as legal sub-system. Another central proposition is that Indonesian environmental law has a form and style, which negates the role of the legal rule in environmental management and control. Despite the changes brought by reformasi, the central position of the legal rule in environmental law and, indeed, the necessary rule foundation to the development of the legal system, has yet to achieve full recognition. If this situation is related to the system of water quality management and pollution control in Indonesia, it can be seen that environmental improvement will not be achieved until underlying issues concerning the structure, form and style of environmental law making are addressed.

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Keevil, Philip Samuel. "Feasibility of representing selected elements of the 1985 Building Regulations in Prolog or other rule-based form." Thesis, Open University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242515.

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Sannerholm, [Zajac-Sannerholm] Richard. "Legal, Judicial and Administrative Reforms in Post-Conflict Societies: Beyond the Rule of Law Template." Örebro universitet, Akademin för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-5910.

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A common position adopted by the international community is that establishing the rule of law after violent internal conflict is an essential prerequisite in the transition from war to peace. In practical terms, this often translates into projects and programmes directed at the criminal justice sector. Rarely is rule of law acknowledged in relation to administrative law, public governance and economic management. This has several negative effects, particularly in societies where public mismanagement, bad economic governance and corruption run high, and especially if one considers these issues as constituting a large part of the reason for state ‘failure’. But, a new trend is now vaguely discernible in the practice of the international actors involved in rebuilding war-shattered societies that gives priority to the rule of law in relation to public sector reform. Liberia provides, in this regard, an illustrative example through the agreement between the Transitional National Government of Liberia and donor agencies, where international experts will have co-signing authority over a number of budgetary issues, and where national judicial institutions will be strengthened in order to combat arbitrary governance and corruption.

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Shakes, David L. "Legal Anthropology On The Battlefield| Cultural Competence In U.S. Rule Of Law Programs In Iraq." Thesis, University of Nevada, Reno, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1600000.

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This research is the first exploratory survey of rule of law officials in Iraq. Prior to this research, little has been done to examine whether U.S. rule of law efforts in Iraq were informed by a proper knowledge of the culture and criminal justice systems of Iraq and whether the U.S. learned lessons over time.

This research demonstrates that understanding of the indigenous legal and social culture is critical to the success of rule of law programs, that there are distinctive characteristics of the legal culture in Iraq, and that the rule of law programs of the U.S. in Iraq were not informed by an adequate understanding of the culture of Iraq. The author concludes that a new paradigm – Enablement Plus – is necessary if the U.S. is to improve the chances of success for rule of law programs during and immediately after conflict.

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Asmal, Aboobaker M. "Muslims under non-Muslim rule : The fighi (legal) views of ibn Nujaym and al-Wansharisi." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.496372.

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17

Kunschak, Martin. "Creating legal blackholes? Terrorism and detention without trial: towards a changing rule in international law?" Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4711.

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Hardly any attention has been paid to another important aspect touching on general international law and international human rights law in particular: What is the effect of counter-terrorist actions on existing rules of human rights law when these actions violate these norms? Could they possibly create a new rule? The thesis will look at this neglected aspect of the 'war on terrorism' with focus on the troublesome practice of designating persons terrorists and detaining them without trial. A look at the current state of international law reveals that such detention without trial is prohibited under human rights law and humanitarian law. Nevertheless, states across the world have adopted this 'crown jewel of [e]mergency measures'. The question of how states justify their approach in order to get around the prohibition arises. And could the practice together with its justification provide the basis for the emergence of a new rule of international law? The approach taken in this thesis will firstly establish the existing rules, secondly examine state practice in contravention of the existing rules and thirdly analyse the effect of this contravention on the existing rules.

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Oidtmann, Max Gordon. "Between Patron and Priest: Amdo Tibet Under Qing Rule, 1792-1911." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11276.

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In the late eighteenth century, a Qing-centered, pluralistic legal order emerged in the Tibetan regions of the Qing empire. In the Gansu borderlands known to Tibetans as "Amdo," the Qing state established subprefectures to administer indigenous populations and prepare them for integration into the empire. In the 1790s, the Qianlong emperor asserted the dynasty's sovereignty in central Tibet and embarked on a program to reform the Tibetan government. This dissertation examines the nineteenth-century legacy of these policies from the twin perspectives of the indigenous people of the region and the officials dispatched to manage them. On the basis of Manchu and Tibetan-language sources, Part One argues that the exercise of Qing sovereignty in central Tibet was connected to the Qianlong court's desire to monopolize indigenous arts of divination, especially as they related to the identification of prominent reincarnations. The Qing court exported a Ming-era bureaucratic technology--a lottery, and repurposed it as a divination technology--the Golden Urn. The successful implementation of this new ritual, however, hinged on the astute use of legal cases and the intervention of Tibetan Buddhist elites, who found a home for the Urn within indigenous traditions.
East Asian Languages and Civilizations

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19

Li, Jiefen. "The rule of law or rule by law? : legal reform versus the power of the party-state in the People's Republic of China, 1978-2002." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/24837.

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The present research is devoted to a study of the ongoing legal reform in contemporary China with special reference to its rule of law (fazhi ROL) project. The aim of the reform is to build China into a modern state with a legal system suitable for a market economy, and the key to this reform is to get the party-state power under control. Within the current political framework, however, a socialist rule-of-law system with Chinese characteristics, which is designed to strengthen the party-state power rather than weaken it, is no other than a legalist rule by law (fazhi, the legal system) with the Party-state remaining above the law. This is the fundamental cause for the frustration and constraint for implementing the rule of law. This thesis is divided into six chapters with the first one serving as a general introduction to legal reform from the late 1970s up to 2002 and the debates about the model of the rule of law. The second chapter concentrates on China’s administrative legal regime with focus on the following three issues: administrative power, principles of administrative rule of law and the judicial control of administrative power. The following two chapters are devoted to a critical review of the abuse of administrative power by Party and government officials, based on a case study of the frequent infringement of fundamental human rights in China. Chapter five examines the problems with the Chinese judiciary under the PRC political system, with a view to exploring various reasons for its inability to prevent arbitrary action by the Party-state, to safeguard the rights and interests of the individual and enterprises, to readdress social injustice, and to resolve disputes arising from market economic activities. Chapter six echoes Chapter one in that an investigation is conducted of Chinese legal culture and tradition and their influence upon legal environment in contemporary China. Finally, a conclusion will be made on the dilemma of Chinese legal reform through a summary of problems with China’s legal reform.

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20

Francis, Traci Rose. "Availability of the Felony-Murder Rule Today: Equitable and Just or Unfair and Excessive?" Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2005. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2644.

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The current research provides an examination of felony murder to determine the similarities and differences among jurisdictions in the nation. It provides a current analysis of jurisprudence to update the literature as to practices in the United States pertaining to the availability of felony murder and the specific elements that make up the rule. This research conducts a survey of the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the Federal System. It provides an overview of the felony-murder rule and its availability, the degrees to which the doctrine is utilized, and the subsequent sentences allowable for defendants convicted under the theory. Current statutes are analyzed to establish what circumstances specifically constitute felony murder and the criteria required by each of the jurisdictions. Additionally, it determines to what degree jurisdictions subscribe to the felony-murder theory, which ones allow individuals to be eligible for life sentences or death sentences, and which jurisdictions allow the rule to be applied to non-triggerman offenders.
M.S.
Department of Criminal Justice and Legal Studies
Health and Public Affairs
Criminal Justice

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21

Garver, Geoffrey. "The rule of ecological law: A transformative legal and institutional framework for the human-earth relationship." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=103779.

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The failure of current legal mechanisms and institutions to counter the growing global ecological crisis reflects an absence of the rule of ecological law from the global to the local level. Just as ecological economics has yet to crowd out environmental components of neo-classical economics, a parallel notion of ecological law has not yet displaced contemporary environmental law. The rule of ecological law, building on existing concepts like sustainability law, is founded on the notion that economic and socio-political spheres must be subservient to global ecological limits beyond which lie catastrophic ecological, social and economic collapse. Planetary boundaries of safe operating space for humanity, along with complementary measures and principles, provide the scientific and ethical basis of the rule of ecological law. The limitations of contemporary environmental law are illustrated with mostly ineffective attempts to address systemic environmental problems like eutrophication, acid rain, climate change and depletion of the ozone layer, followed by a critique of the broader legal and institutional architecture now in place to address global environmental challenges. The current approach to trade and the environment highlights the failure of the global governance infrastructure to respect global ecological boundaries on the human enterprise. In response to the ineffectiveness of current mechanisms and structures, ten essential features principles of the rule of ecological law are identified, along with elements of an institutional framework for housing them. Although the transition from a growth-insistent economy that seems headed toward ecological collapse to an economy based on the rule of ecological law is elusive, the European Union is identified as a useful structural model.
Le fait que les mécanismes juridiques et institutionnels actuels ne répondent pas de manière efficace à la crise écologique mondiale met en évidence l'absence d'un régime de primauté de droit écologique du niveau local au niveau global. Tout comme l'économie écologique n'a pas encore réussi à remplacer les éléments environnementaux de l'économie néo-classique, une conception similaire du droit écologique n'a pas encore supplanté le droit contemporain de l'environnement. La primauté du droit écologique se fonde sur le concept actuel du droit du développement durable et sur l'idée que les sphères de l'économie et de la socio-politique devraient être subordonnées aux limites mondiales écologiques dont le dépassement assure un effondrement catastrophique écologique, économique et sociale. Des limites planétaires des champs d'activités humaines, complétées par d'autres principes et indices, sont à la base de la primauté du droit écologique. Les faiblesses du droit contemporain de l'environnement se révèlent dans les mesures tout à fait inefficaces qui ont été adoptées pour régler les problèmes environnementaux comme l'eutrophication, les pluies acides, les changements climatiques et l'appauvrissement de la couche d'ozone. Un énoncé de ces mesures est suivi d'une critique de l'architecture plus large du droit et des institutions qui sont en place actuellement pour faire face aux défis environnementaux mondiaux. L'approche actuelle pour intégrer le commerce international et la protection de l'environnement met en évidence l'échec de l'infrastructure de gouvernance mondiale en ce qui concerne le respect des limites écologiques pour les activités humaines. En réponse à l'inefficacité des mécanismes et des structures actuelles, dix caractéristiques de la primauté du droit écologique sont identifiés, ainsi que des éléments d'une structure institutionnelle pour les encadrer. Bien que la transition d'une économie dominée par l'obsession de la croissance économique à une économie fondée sur la primauté du droit écologique soit difficile à réaliser, l'Union européenne peut être un modèle structurel utile.

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Qafisheh, Mu'taz. "The international law foundations of Palestinian nationality : a legal examination of Palestinian nationality under the British rule /." Genève : Institut universitaire de hautes études internationales, 2007. http://www.unige.ch/cyberdocuments/theses2007/QafishehM/these.pdf.

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Waddell, S. K. "The role of the "legal rule" in Indonesian law environmental law and reformasi of water quality management /." Connect to full text, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/673.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 2004.
Title from title screen (viewed 14 May 2008). Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Faculty of Law. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print form.

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Sabuktay, Aysegul. "Locating Susurluk Affair Into The Context Of Legal-political Theory: A Case Of Extra-legal Activities Of The Modern States." Phd thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12605186/index.pdf.

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The study locates Susurluk Affair into the legal-political theory, around an axis passing through two standpoints that defines the state either as a legal or as a political institution. Two words, Susurluk Affair refer to an accumulation of incidents and relationships that point to extra-legal activities of the state that are revealed by a traffic accident in Turkey. Susurluk Affair and similar cases of extra-legal activities of the state are frequent in modern political life, although the modern state is founded on the presumption of legal use of public authority. Susurluk Affair is discussed with reference to Max Weber&
#8217
s and Jü
rgen Habermas&
#8217
s theories of the rule of law, and Hans Kelsen&
#8217
s legal positivism, both of which provide perspectives that define the state as a legal institution, and from the viewpoints of doctrine of raison d&
#8217
etat and Carl Schmitt&
#8217
s theories of the political and sovereignty that conceptualize the state as a political institution. Susurluk Affair can be interpreted in accordance with Weber&
#8217
s, Habermas&
#8217
s and Kelsen&
#8217
s theoretical standpoints either as a deficiency in legitimacy or violations by certain persons, however it can be interpreted as activities for maintaining the state in the framework of the doctrine of raison d&
#8217
etat. On the other hand, the Schmittian approach acknowledges extra-legal activities of the state, but Susurluk Affair cannot be interpreted as a case of deciding the exception in the Schmittian sense.

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25

Neumeister, Christian C. "The Emiratization of Shari'a: Islam, Modernization and the Legal System of the United Arab Emirates." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1142.

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The United Arab Emirates' legal system has developed though the continued negotiation between the Shari’a and the Civil Courts over the spheres of criminal law and commercial law. The framework that has emerged, as a result of regime politics and Supreme Court rulings, provides the regime the flexibility to continue their commercial development and integration into the modern global economy, while retaining the domestic authority structures that legitimate their power.

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Spendzharova, Aneta Borislavova Vachudová Milada Anna. "When does the law rule? the politics of banking sector legal reform in the post-Communist region after 1989 /." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,1418.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007.
Title from electronic title page (viewed Apr. 25, 2008). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Political Science." Discipline: Political Science; Department/School: Political Science.

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Kowalski, Andrzej. "Beyond rule-based legal expert systems : using frames and case-based reasoning to analyze the tort of malicious prosecution." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/42045.

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Most legal expert systems to date have been purely rule-based. Case-based reasoning is a methodology for building legal expert systems whereby profiles of cases contained in a database, rather than specific legal rules, direct the outcomes of the system. Frame-based knowledge representation in legal expert systems involves the use of frames to represent legal knowledge. Case-based reasoning and frame-based knowledge representation offer significant advantages over purely rule-based legal expert systems in case-based law. These advantages are realizable by using the deep structure approach to knowledge representation. This involves searching beneath law at the doctrinal level for underlying fact patterns and structures which explain decisions in cases. This is demonstrated by the Malicious Prosecution Consultant, a legal expert system which operates in the domain of the tort of malicious prosecution. The Malicious Prosecution Consultant confirms the results of earlier research at The University of British Columbia, Faculty of Law that it is possible to build legal expert systems in unstructured areas of case-based law with relatively cheap commercially available expert system shells by using the deep structure approach to knowledge representation.
Law, Peter A. Allard School of
Graduate

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Lu, Yiwei. "Does the Chinese rule of law promote human rights? : the conception of human rights and legal reform in China." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/35808/.

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After more than three decades of legal reform under a promotion of the rule of law, it is opportune to assess and conceptualize the relationship between the legal reform and protection of human rights in China. The rule of law in China has been subjected to much controversy and debate. There are views that China at best desires and practices a rule by law under which the protection of human rights is a far-fetch goal. What further complicates the matter is that China’s legal reform is arriving at “crossroads” as it has exhausted most of the easy part of the reform. Legal reform today faces more difficulty in trying to accommodate and prioritize conflicting values and interests. This thesis aims to explore whether China’s legal reform towards the rule of law promote the protection of human rights. Using the distinction of thin and thick versions of rule of law, it is argued that the party-state aims to establish a Chinese rule of law integrating many basic standards of a thin rule of law. After decades of intensive reform many areas of law have incorporated certain principles of the thin rule of law. This process led to the advancement of human rights protection and rise of rights-consciousness. However, as the reform increasingly concerns more complicated issues that goes beyond “thin” solutions, the thesis argues that the conception of human rights come to play an important role in the decision-making.

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Elftorp, Kristian. "Abuse of a dominant position : The legal position of tying practices within European Competition Law." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Commercial Law, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-12245.

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This thesis intends to analyze and clarify the legal position regarding abuse of a dominant position and particularly tying practices. The practice is central within European competition law and has been highly discussed in literature recently. In Article 102 TFEU it is explicitly stated that supplementary obligations which have no connection with the subject of such contracts, shall be considered as a way of abusing a position of strength. Although the method is often reasonable and very common within many business areas, it might be pursued as a tactic of excluding competition. The General Court’s decision in Microsoft led to some confusion as regards to the European approach towards tying practices. Prior to that judgment, the EU Courts appeared quite negative to the practice and seemed determined that the practice was in fact anticompetitive. For an example, in Hilti the Court found it sufficient that the company had deprived its costumers of a choice. The effects on competition were not analyzed in great detail and in most cases the EU Courts fined the undertaking involved in such business methods. However, in Microsoft the General Court took a new approach and focused on the actual effects that followed from the practice. Many argues that European competition law has moved from a per se approach to a rule of reason approach. In my opinion however, it seems relatively unclear whether or not this new approach shall apply to all versions of tying or if it was applied due to the certain circumstances involved in Microsoft. The tying practice involved a form of technical tying, i.e. an integration of two distinctive products. Cases prior to Microsoft mostly concerned a form of contractual tying and were treated very differently by the EU Courts. My opinion on the matter is therefore that it is not possible to declare a clear legal position regarding the practice of tying. There is a need for new judgments and official guidelines since the current situation deprives companies of legal security as concerns the practice of tying within European competition law.

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Kirby, Coel Thomas. "Exorcising Matovu's ghost : legal positivism, pluralism and ideology in Uganda's appellate courts." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=112605.

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In 1966, the High Court of Uganda legitimised the new nation's first coup d'etat. After two decades of civil war, Ugandans enacted their first popular constitution in 1995. However, the judiciary's dominant positivist ideology, Matovu's ghost, still haunts the new legal order. The author sets out this ideology's presumptions and then critiques them against an alternative, pluralist map of laws in Uganda.
The constructive analysis of recent case law (or lack thereof) that follows shows how this ideology undermines the constitution's promises of equality and freedom. This pluralist methodology is also essential to explain contemporary crises like the Lord's Resistance Army, arms proliferation in Karamoja and Museveni's "no-party" rule. In conclusion, exorcising Matovu's ghost is a priority for Ugandans and the process deserves considered thought for legal scholars advocating the "rule of law" or interventions by the International Criminal Court.

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Etherington, Laurence Mark. "Environmental rule-making and public consultation : a case study of the development of a new legal regime to clean up contaminated land." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314339.

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32

Restrepo, Amariles David. "The Rise of transnational legal indicators: empirical accounts of law in a global society." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209297.

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Based on the premise ‘what we measure affects what we do’, this work seeks to address the following key question: What are the characteristics of the knowledge produced by the Rule of Law Index, WGI Rule of Law Indicator, Doing Business Indicators and the Global Competitiveness Index about the rule of law and business regulation respectively, and to what extent can this knowledge be used to assess and compare legal systems? My objective is to address the gap between, on the one hand, policy and scientific approaches to indicators and, on the other hand, legal scholarly approaches. The former tend to be specialized, mathematical and outcome-oriented, focusing on how to produce appropriate measures of social –and legal- phenomena. The latter assume an external point of view and are often verbal and critical. They focus generally on the genealogy, shortcomings and governance aspects of a particular set of indicators. This work provides new insights through a fourfold analysis: (i) an analysis of the context in which transnational legal indicators emerge, (ii) an analysis of their process of commensuration of legal phenomena, (iii) an analysis of their analytical value in jurisprudence and comparative legal studies, and (iv) an analysis of their normative effects on national legal systems.
Doctorat en Sciences juridiques
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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33

Luz, Gyordano Kelton Alves. "Teoria da norma tributária imunizante." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2010. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/5358.

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The purpose of this study is to analyze the tax rule immunizing with the scope to reach the MIRIM - Irreducible Minimum Immunity. It is also studying RMIT - Rule-tax Impact Matrix creating Paulo de Barros Carvalho from two perspectives: static and dynamic. The work is innovative, because they are applied the lessons of Quantum Physics and the Theory of Relativity to reach MIRIM. Static perspective (application of Quantum Physics): We started a study stating that there are two types of rules: the legal and not legal. Specifically legal norms have a complex process of interpretation and application which is summarized in two "pathways generators": the meaning and normative. After hours of discussions we realized that the atom and the rule of law have a tax structure. Atoms are composed of quarks (Up, Down, Strange, Charmed, Bottom and Top) and legal tax provision consists of the criteria of RMIT (material, spatial, temporal, quantitative and staff). Deepening the comparison comes on the atomic elements (electrons, protons and neutrons) and the modal deontic normative (prohibited, obligatory and permitted). The combination of all atomic elements give rise to a final positive or negative charge. In the case of deontic modals which will be positive or negative is the approach to treatment of the subjects of tax relationship. Dynamic approach (application of the Theory of Relativity): In that instant is studied the influence of space and time. The space / time is described in the protasis normative, more specifically in the criterion space and time criterion. Applying the precepts of the theory of relativity, it was concluded the necessity of joining these two criteria, because a tenet of relativity is that time and space do not separate, thus creating a feature called quantum / relative. Therefore, we propose a "new" as well as RMIT complies with the precepts of the theory of relativity is thus more balanced, with two criteria in history (material and quantum / relative) and the consequent two criteria (quantitative and personal ). Leaving the following legal premise: if every legal tax rule, being a man of building (object of the cultural world) has a structure, so the tax rule immunizing also have to have a structure. That is the premise that underpins the work. The tax rule is divided into: a standard of conduct and standard structure. In the first applies to RMIT and in the second applies the MIRIM. The MIRIM is in line with the teachings of quantum physics, because there are two criteria in the protasis normative (legal and quantum well / relative) and two criteria in apodosei normative (subjective rights and legal duty). The MIRIM complies with the precepts of the Theory of Relativity, as space and time form a single normative criterion contained in the protasis. Finally, not only staying in theory will apply the standards in some MIRIM tax immunity
A proposta do presente trabalho é analisar a norma tributária imunizante com o escopo de chegar ao MIRIM Mínimo Irredutível da Imunidade. Também é estudado a RMIT Regra-Matriz de Incidência tributária criação de Paulo de Barros Carvalho sob duas perspectivas: estática e dinâmica. A obra é inovadora, pois são aplicados os ensinamentos da Física Quântica e da Teoria da Relatividade para chegar ao MIRIM. Perspectiva estática (aplicação da Física Quântica): Iniciamos o estudo afirmando que existem dois tipos de normas: as não jurídicas e as jurídicas. Especificamente as normas jurídicas têm um complexo processo de interpretação e aplicação que se resume em dois percursos geradores : do sentido e o normativo. Depois de horas de reflexões percebemos que o átomo e a norma jurídica tributária possuem uma estrutura. Os átomos são compostos pelos quarks (Up, Down, Strange, Charmed, Bottom e Top) e a norma jurídica tributária é composta pelos critérios da RMIT (material, espacial, temporal, quantitativo e pessoal). Aprofundando a comparação chega-se nos elementos atômicos (elétrons, prótons e nêutros) e nos modais deônticos normativos (proibido, obrigatório e permitido). A associação de todos os elementos atômicos ocasionará uma carga final positiva ou negativa. No caso dos modais deônticos o que será positiva ou negativa é a conduta final dos sujeitos da relação jurídica tributária. Perspectiva dinâmica (aplicação da Teoria da Relatividade): Nesse átimo é estudada a influência do espaço/tempo. O espaço/tempo está descrito na prótase normativa, mais especificamente no critério espacial e o critério temporal. Aplicando os preceitos da Teoria da Relatividade, concluiu-se a necessidade da junção desses dois critérios, pois um dos princípios da relatividade é que o tempo e o espaço não se separam, criando assim o critério chamado quântico/relativo. Sendo assim, propomos uma nova RMIT que além de está de acordo com os preceitos da teoria da relatividade fica, assim, mais harmoniosa, com dois critérios no antecedente (material e quântico/relativo) e dois critérios no conseqüente (quantitativo e pessoal). Saindo da seguinte premissa jurídica: se toda norma jurídica tributária, por ser uma construção do homem (objeto do mundo cultural), tem uma estrutura, logo, a norma tributária imunizante também tem que possuir uma estrutura. Essa é a premissa que sustenta o trabalho. A norma tributária é dividida em: norma de conduta e norma de estrutura. Nas primeiras aplica-se a RMIT e nas segundas aplica-se o MIRIM. O MIRIM está em sintonia com os ensinamentos da Física Quântica, pois nele encontram-se dois critérios na prótase normativa (bem jurídico e quântico/relativo) e mais dois critérios na apódose normativa (direito subjetivo e dever jurídico). O MIRIM está de acordo com os preceitos da Teoria da Relatividade, pois o espaço e o tempo formam um único critério contido na prótase normativa. Por fim, para não ficar apenas no plano teórico aplicaremos o MIRIM em algumas normas de imunidade tributária

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34

Hwang, Karina T. "The Procedural Aspect of the Rule of Law: India as a Case Study for Distinguishing Concept from Conception." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1171.

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In this thesis, the concept of the procedural aspect of the Rule of Law will be distinguished from what I argue are conceptions that are falsely promulgated as concept. The different aspects of the Rule of Law—form, substance, and procedure— are helpful in making the distinction between concept and conception. Examining procedure within the Rule of Law is particularly important, and I define a broader set of requirements of the concept of the procedural aspect of the Rule of Law. This concept is applied to understand the Indian conception of the Rule of Law, a particularly interesting case that brings out questions about culture and economic capacity. Ultimately, I argue that this broader set of requirements is better suited to evaluate the realization of the Rule of Law in all contexts.

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Priluckytė, Vilma. "Teisinis nihilizmas: jo priežastys ir įveikimo galimybės Lietuvoje." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2009~D_20090122_102036-18608.

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Lietuvos visuomenė prieš daugiau nei penkiolika metų visuotiniame referendume priėmė aukščiausios teisinės galios aktą Lietuvoje - LR Konstituciją, kurios preambulėje įtvirtinta, kad Lietuva sieks tapti atvira, teisinga, darnia pilietine visuomene ir teisine valstybe. Tačiau beveik du dešimtmečius nepriklausomoje valstybėje besiformuojančios teisinė, socialinė, ekonominė ir politinė sistemos liudija, kad mūsų visuomenėje įsigalėjo tokia vertybių sistema, kurioje tokia vertybė kaip teisė yra ignoruojama ir atmetama, t.y. stipriai paplito teisinio nihilizmo reiškinys. Šiame darbe analizuojami teisinio nihilizmo kaip socialinio reiškinio ypatumai, jo priežastys bei įveikimo galimybės Lietuvoje. Teisinio nihilizmo reiškinio pagrindiniai šaltiniai ir priežastys mūsų valstybėje būtų tokie: „aklas“ rėmimasis teisinio pozityvizmo samprata, kuriai būdinga teise pripažinti bet kokį, net ir žmogaus teises pažeidžiantį įstatymą, ydingas teisėkūros procesas, spragos konstituciniame reguliavime, nesusiformavęs pilietinės (atviros) visuomenės institutas, bendros krašto socialinės ekonominės programos vizijos stoka, menkas teisminės valdžios autoritetas, arši politinių jėgų konkurencija, plačiai paplitęs korupcijos reiškinys. Darbe siūloma kompleksiškai spręsti teisinio nihilizmo problemą. Visų pirma, turi būti imamasi visų įmanomų priemonių, kurios skatintų piliečių teisinės sąmonės formavimąsi bei teisinės kultūros lygio kilimą mūsų visuomenėje. Daugybė socialinių faktorių... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
Lithuanian society adopted Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania 15 years ago, where it have been fortified, that Lithuania will strive for an open, just, harmonious civil society and State under the rule of law. But the legal, social, economical, political systems, which have been developing for the last two decades in our independent state, proclaim that in our society have settled such system of values, where law as a social value has been ingnored and declined. There have been analyzed the phenomenon of legal nihilism, it’s causes and the possibilities to overcome it in Lithuania in this work. The main causes and sources of legal nihilism are: the predominant ideology of legal positivism in our society, which claims that legal validity must be strictly separated from questions of morality, faulty law-making process, breach of constitutional regulation, unsettled institucijon of civil society, the lack of vision of common social – economical programmme, poor reputation of judiciary power, savage competition of political powers, outspread phenomenon of corruption. There have been suggestions to solve the problem of legal nihilism by integrated process in the work. Foremost, there have to be assumed all measures, which stimulate the formation of legal conscious and rise of legal culture in our society. Lots of social factors evidence the need of situations for civil society, because only an opened, democratically thinking, leading, actively defending human... [to full text]

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Mendonça, Rodrigo Baraldo. "Raciocínio analógico no direito : entre indeterminação e segurança jurídica." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/178462.

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O raciocínio jurídico analógico tem sido visto ora como forma de raciocínio essencial ao Direito, ora como mecanismo pernicioso e arbitrário de tomada de decisões, em prejuízo ao Estado de Direito. O presente trabalho parte da hipótese de que o raciocínio analógico é mecanismo que promove segurança jurídica, e, não, indeterminação. Para sustentar tal ideia, a primeira parte desta discussão apresenta o ponto de vista de diferentes teóricos do direito que procuraram expor ou negar a existência de uma estrutura própria dessa forma de raciocínio. A segunda parte, por sua vez, propõe um balanço acerca dessas perspectivas, identificando-se elementos pertinentes à estrutura do raciocínio analógico e passíveis de análise específica e de crítica, com possibilidade de reformulação ou de melhor compreensão dos pontos colocados em evidência. A terceira parte, por fim, estabelece relação entre raciocínio analógico e coerência, entendendo esta como essencial para compreender de que maneira tal espécie de raciocínio pode promover segurança jurídica; para tanto, discute os conceitos de coerência e de integridade do direito, e, então, propõe que é possível verificar, do ponto de vista prático, relação entre a forma de desenvolvimento de raciocínios analógicos e os institutos jurídicos, de maneira a sustentar, por fim, que a analogia pode constituir mecanismo de segurança jurídica e de densificação do direito. O trabalho conclui que o raciocínio analógico desempenha papel relevante no Estado de Direito, nem sempre percebido como tal.
Analogical legal reasoning has been seen both as a form of reasoning essential to the law and as a pernicious and arbitrary mechanism of decision-making, undermining the rule of law. The present work is based on the hypothesis that analogical reasoning is a mechanism that increases legal certainty, not indetermination. To support this idea, the first part of this discussion presents the point of view of different legal theorists who sought to expose or deny the existence of a proper structure of this form of reasoning. The second part, in turn, proposes a balance on these perspectives, identifying pertinent elements to the structure of analogical reasoning, which are subject to specific analysis and criticism, with the possibility of reformulation or better understanding of the highlighted points. The third part, finally, establishes a relation between analogical reasoning and coherence, understanding this as essential to comprehend how this kind of reasoning can promote legal certainty; for this, it discusses the concepts of coherence and integrity of the law, and then it proposes that it is possible to verify, from a practical point of view, the relationship between the development of analogical reasoning and institutions of law, in order to sustain, lastly, that analogy can constitute a mechanism of legal certainty and densification of the law. This work concludes that analogical reasoning plays a relevant role in the rule of law, not always perceived as such.

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Hanson, Margaret C. "Legalized Rent-Seeking: How Dictators Use Civil Courts to Manage Corruption." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1500310385542543.

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38

Pintore, Anna. "Legal formalism: a comparison between Jori and Schauer." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/116188.

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This essay examines and juxtaposes Mario Jori’s and Frederick Schauer’s ideas on legal formalism. Although developed independently of each other, these ideas show remarkable similarities: both focus on the notion of norm or rule as a tool for clarifying the notion of legal formalism; both defend legal formalism from the criticisms routinely moved against it. The author maintains that Jori’s and Schauer’s theories may contribute to shed light on (and criticize) the controversial notion of defeasibility of legal rules; they may also contribute to scale down, from a legal-theoretical point of view, the novelties of contemporary constitutional orders; finally, it may help to better understand their working machinery.
In questo saggio vengono esaminate e messe a confronto le idee di Mario Jori e di Frederick Schauer in tema di formalismo giuridico. Pur essendo state elaborate l’una indipendentemente dall’altra, presentano notevoli somiglianze, perché entrambe usano la nozione di norma o regola come punto focale per chiarire la nozione di formalismo giuridico, e perché entrambe difendono quest’ultimo dalle critiche usualmente rivolte ad esso. L’autrice ritiene che l’esame delle idee dei due autori possa contribuire a chiarire (e criticare) la controversa nozione di defeasibility delle norme giuridiche e possa altresì, in via generale, contribuire a ridimensionare, dal punto di vista teorico-giuridico, le novità del diritto degli odierni Stati costituzionali, oltre che a comprenderne meglio i meccanismi di funzionamento.
En este trabajo se examina y compara las ideas de Mario Jori y de Frederick Schauer en relación con el formalismo jurídico. A pesar de haber sido desarrolladas de forma independiente unas de las otras, dichas ideas presentan notables semejanzas ya que ambos autores utilizan el concepto de una norma o regla como punto focal para aclarar la noción de formalismo jurídico, y porque ambos lo defienden de las críticas que usualmente se le dirigen. La autora considera que el examen de las ideas de los dos autores puede contribuir a aclarar (y criticar) la controvertida noción de defeasibility (derrotabilidad) de las normas jurídicas y, de modo general, también a redimensionar, desde el punto de vista teórico-jurídico, las novedades que presentan los derechos de los modernos Estados constitucionales, y comprender mejor los mecanismos de su funcionamiento.

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Ramages, Kelly-Anne. "Investigating the minimum age of criminal responsibility in African legal systems." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2008. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_4999_1259563406.

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The following thesis investigates the MACR in African Legal Systems. The MACR is the youngest age at which children in conflict with the law find themselves caught up in the harsh realities of the criminal justice system. Up until recently, debates around fixing a MACR had been successfully side-stepped since the adoption of the UNCRC in 1989. The UNCRC has provided for human rights for children on a global scale while the ACRWC provides for such rights regionally. Contracting States Parties to these treaties agree that there needs to be a MACR in place and have adopted a childrens rights-based framework for reviewing their current child laws, policies and practices in accordance with the minimum standards provided. They do not however, agree on what the fixed minimum age should be..."

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Shmilovits, Liron. "Deus ex machina : legal fictions in private law." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2019. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/286225.

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This PhD dissertation is about legal fictions in private law. A legal fiction, broadly, is a false assumption knowingly relied upon by the courts. The main aim of the dissertation is to formulate a test for which fictions should be accepted and which rejected. Subsidiary aims include a better understanding of the fiction as a device and of certain individual fictions, past and present. This research is undertaken, primarily, to establish a rigorous system for the treatment of fictions in English law - which is lacking. Secondarily, it is intended to settle some intractable disputes, which have plagued the scholarship. These theoretical debates have hindered progress on the practical matters which affect litigants in the real world. The dissertation is divided into four chapters. The first chapter is a historical study of common-law fictions. The conclusions drawn thereform are the foundation of the acceptance test for fictions. The second chapter deals with the theoretical problems surrounding the fiction. Chiefly, it seeks precisely to define 'legal fiction', a recurrent problem in the literature. A solution, in the form of a two-pronged definition, is proposed, adding an important element to the acceptance test. The third chapter analyses modern-day fictions and recommends retention or abolition for each fiction. In the fourth chapter, the findings hitherto are synthesised into a general acceptance test for fictions. This test, which is the thesis of this work, is presented as a flowchart. It is the author's hope that this project will raise awareness as to the merits and demerits of legal fictions, de-mystify the debate and bring about reform.

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Piriyakul-Frye, Pratanphorn. "Three Essays on The Effects of The Exchange Act Rule 12h-6 on Cross-Listings of Foreign Firms in The U.S. Market." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1545255172024426.

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42

Alday, López Cabello Fernando. "La regla de exclusión de la prueba ilícita en España, estudio comparado con la actualidad mexicana." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/659086.

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The present study’s objective is to develop a comprehensive explanation on the origin and development of the exclusionary rule in the Spanish legal system. This rule, created from the interpretation of the exclusionary rule in the American Supreme Court and the German doctrine of evidentiary prohibitions, has been in constant expansion for the best part of the last 3 decades, sufficient time to have evolved into a particular rule, shaped by practice, resulting in a proper exclusionary rule, along with its particular rule of interpretation, the conexión de antijuridicidad. This legal tradition and long trajectory reflects the particular structure it’s developed, as it keeps evolving in a parallel line to American interpretation of the rule. On the other hand, the challenges awaiting the next stage of the rule, related to the actual treatment of new investigative techniques, closely related to technology, seems to be the next big hurdle in the development of the exclusionary rule and its application in the near future. This invaluable experience is an obligated study subject to Mexican jurists, who already feel a special affection towards the Spanish legal system, as it’s so closely related to their own. Even if the Mexican legal system suffered a drastically change with the constitutional reforms of 2008, the experience and articulated Spanish doctrine and jurisprudence should prove itself fundamental in the development and evolution of Mexico’s new exclusionary rule, allocated in the constitution itself, providing a strong and sturdy structure for the adequate application of the theory.
El presente estudio tiene como objetivo delimitar el origen y desarrollo de la regla de exclusión de la prueba ilícita en el sistema legal español. Esta regla, creada a partir de la interpretación de la exclusionary rule estadounidense y la interpretación de la doctrina alemana de las prohibiciones probatorias, se ha desarrollado a lo largo de más de 30 años en España, tiempo suficiente para que la doctrina y la jurisprudencia le hayan formado de una manera particular a través de la práctica, dotándole de una regla de interpretación propia, la denominada conexión de antijuridicidad. Esta tradición y larga trayectoria destaca por su particular estructura, a la par que continúa una tendencia de actualización apegada al desarrollo de la jurisprudencia de los Estados Unidos. Por otro lado, los retos que presenta el actual tratamiento de la regla de exclusión, relacionados a los medios de investigación tecnológicos, se vislumbra como el gran obstáculo a sortear, a efectos de encontrarnos en condiciones de determinar el futuro de la aplicación de la regla. Esta invaluable experiencia, es de obligado estudio para los juristes mexicanos, quienes sienten especial apego al sistema jurídico español, dada la estrecha relación entre ambas tradiciones jurídicas, ligadas desde el origen común del derecho colonial. Si bien el sistema procesal penal en México sufrió un cambio drástico en 2008, la experiencia y articulada doctrina española deberá resultar muy útil en el desarrollo de la relativamente nueva regla de exclusión, ubicada en el texto constitucional mexicano, dotando al derecho de este país de una estructura sólida para el adecuado desarrollo de esta teoría.
El present estudi té com a objectiu delimitar l'origen i el desenvolupament de la regla d'exclusió de la prova il·lícita en el sistema legal Espanyol. Aquesta regla, creada a partir de la interpretació de la exclusionary rule estadounidense i la interpretació de la doctrina alemanya de les prohibicions probatòries, s'ha desenvolupat al llarg de més de 30 anys a Espanya, temps suficient perquè la doctrina i la jurisprudència l'hagin format d'una manera particular a través de la pràctica, dotant-la d'una regla d'interpretació pròpia, la denominada connexió d'antijuricitat. Aquesta tradició i llarga trajectòria destaca per la seva particular estructura alhora que continua una tendència d'actualització aferrada al desenvolupament de la jurisprudència dels Estats Units. Per altra banda, els reptes que presenta l'actual tractament de la regla d'exclusió, relacionats als mitjans d'investigació tecnològics, s'albira com el gran obstacle a evitar, a efectes de trobar-nos en condicions de determinar el futur de l'aplicació de la regla. Aquesta inavaluable experiència, és d'obligat estudi per als juristes mexicans, que senten especial afecció al sistema jurídic espanyol, donada l'estreta relació entre ambdues tradicions jurídiques, lligades des de l'origen comú del dret colonial. Si bé el sistema processal penal a Mèxic va patir un canvi dràstic el 2008, l'experiència i articulada doctrina espanyola haurà de resultar molt útil en el desenvolupament de la relativament nova regla d'exclusió, ubicada en el text constitucional mexicà, dotant al dret d'aquest país d'una estructura sòlida per a l'adequat desenvolupament d'aquesta teoria.

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Mugadza, Willard Tawonezvi. "The legal implications of the signing of economic partnership agreements by Botswana, Lesotho and Swaziland in view of the SACU agreement / by Willard Tawonezvi Mugadza." Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9797.

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The introduction and signing of the Economic Partnership Agreements (hereafter EPA’s) have been received with mixed feelings legally, politically and economically. African Caribbean and Pacific countries have taken different positions with regards to their signing, ratification and implementation. A lot has been written about the legal effect of EPA’ The Southern Africa Customs Union (hereafter SACU) has not been spared either. SACU is made up of Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa and Swaziland. Article 31 (3) of the 2002 SACU Agreement prohibits any of the SACU member states to negotiate and enter into new preferential agreements with third parties or amend existing agreements without the consent of other member states. Botswana, Lesotho and Swaziland signed Economic Partnership Agreements with the European Union in direct violation of article 31 (3) of the 2002 SACU Agreement. The actions of these three countries have exposed the vulnerabilities and short-comings of the 2002 Agreement. The key findings of this study are that Botswana, Lesotho and Swaziland have violated the 2002 Agreement. Namibia and South Africa have openly castigated the actions of Botswana, Lesotho and Swaziland. SACU institutions that are mandated to monitor and implement the 2002 Agreement such as the Council of Ministers, Customs Union Commission, Secretariat, Tariff Board, Technical Liaison Committees and ad hoc Tribunal appear to have not taken sufficient action to penalise the actions of Botswana, Lesotho and Swaziland. This has led some critics to argue that the SACU 2002 Agreement has to be reviewed or suspended or that it has lost its legal force.
Thesis (LLM (Import and Export Law))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

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Spitzcovsky, Celso. "A cláusula do devido processo legal e a inelegibilidade no processo de prestação de contas." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2010. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/8957.

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The objective of this study is to examine the constitutionality of the procedural and substantive aspects of ineligibility related to the process of accountability by the Chief Executive established the Supplementary Law No. 64/90, in its Article 1, Item I, Alínea "g". Indeed, many discussions have been fought over this issue, by virtue of the subjective aspects presented in the writing of this piece of legislation. So it is that apparently no single rule establishes ineligibility for all providers of account, which is not justified in light of constitutional principles. On the other hand, requires the configuration of an incurable irregularity, and no appeal of a competent body, without offering further details requiring an interpretation as the Constitution. Similarly, away, even temporarily, the general rule of ineligibility through the bringing of a judicial order to dismantle the decision rendered by the authority without clear limits here relate to the question can be determined by the judiciary. On this stormy issue, many questions also hang on the constitutionality of summary No. 1, issued by the Superior Electoral Court, and of the positions adopted by that Court, requiring at least one manifestation judicial authorization to remove the ineligibility. Within this context, with this dissertation aims to investigate the compatibility of these requirements with basic constitutional principles like the rule of law, Representative Democracy, Separation of Powers Clause and the Due Process of Law
O objetivo deste estudo é a análise da constitucionalidade, sobre os aspectos formal e material, da hipótese de inelegibilidade relacionada ao processo de prestação de contas pelo chefe do executivo, estabelecida na Lei Complementar Nº 64/90, em seu Artigo 1º, Inciso I, Alínea g . Com efeito, muitas discussões têm sido travadas acerca do tema, por força dos aspectos subjetivos apresentados na redação do referido Diploma Legal. Assim é que estabelece aparentemente regra única de inelegibilidade para todos os prestadores de contas, o que não se justifica à luz dos princípios constitucionais. Por outro lado, exige a configuração de uma irregularidade insanável e, por decisão irrecorrível, de um órgão competente, sem oferecer maiores detalhes demandando uma interpretação conforme a Constituição. Da mesma forma, afasta, ainda que temporariamente, a regra geral de inelegibilidade através da propositura de medida judicial para desconstituir decisão proferida pelo órgão competente sem esclarecer os limites que aqui incidem para que a questão possa ser apreciada pelo Judiciário. Sobre esse tormentoso tema, muitas dúvidas pairam também acerca da constitucionalidade da súmula nº 1, editada pelo Tribunal Superior Eleitoral, bem como em relação ao posicionamento adotado por aquela Corte, exigindo, ao menos, uma manifestação judicial prévia para afastar a inelegibilidade. Dentro desse contexto, através da presente dissertação pretende-se investigar a compatibilidade dessas exigências com princípios constitucionais básicos como o do Estado de Direito, da Democracia Representativa, Separação entre os Poderes e a Cláusula do Devido Processo Legal

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Khunou, Samuel Freddy. "A legal history of traditional leadership in South Africa, Botswana and Lesotho / by Khunou, Samuel Freddy." Thesis, North-West University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1144.

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Aim of the study: The main aim of the study is to examine and pursue research regarding the history and role of law in the disintegration of the institutions of traditional leadership in South Africa, Botswana and Lesotho in order to make recommendations regarding the challenges and opportunities facing traditional authorities in these countries. The traditional systems, roles and functions of these institutions are traced from the pre-colonial era up to the period of democratic regimes in these countries. This study is based on the premises that the jurisprudence of the institution of traditional leadership is as old as mankind and that this institution is rooted in the rural soil of African communities. Research Methodology: This study is based on legal comparative research with reference to South Africa, Botswana and Lesotho. A literature survey of the most important sources dealing with history, legislation and policy documents was undertaken. Conclusion and Recommendations: The institution of traditional leadership is one of the oldest traditional institutions of governance in South Africa, Botswana and Lesotho. During the pre-colonial era traditional authorities constituted an important component in the traditional system of the administration of the traditional community. Traditions placed a great amount of responsibility on traditional leaders to look after the best interests of their communities. When the colonial government took over the reigns of these three countries, they changed the pre-colonial form and nature of traditional authorities. These colonial governments exercised control over traditional leaders and allowed minimum independence in their traditional rule. The post-colonial governments of South Africa, Botswana and Lesotho retained the institution of traditional leadership. The Constitutions of these countries provide the legal framework for the recognition and functioning of the office of traditional leaders. However, it has been noted in this study that the relationship between the traditional leaders and the governments of these countries has been a mixture of conflict and cordiality. One of the reasons for this uneasy relationship between the traditional leaders and the central governments of these countries is that the status, authority, power and functions of traditional leaders have been reduced considerably when new institutions such as Local Governments, Land Boards, District Councils and Village District Councils were given powers and functions previously exercised by traditional leaders. The post-colonial transformation of traditional leadership in these three countries has led to a steep decline in the authority of traditional leaders. In order to encourage active participation of the traditional leaders in the new democratic structures and bodies, the institution of traditional leadership must be adapted to the changing political, social and economic environments. Rural local government bodies and the national governments of these countries should not view the institutions of traditional leadership as competitors for political power. The post-colonial governments of South Africa, Botswana and Lesotho should introduce traditional leaders as equal partners in the development and advancement of rural communities. In order to achieve this goal the governments of these countries should empower and capacitate traditional leaders so that they do not become misfits in the new constitutional and democratic settlements.
Thesis (LL.D. (Indigenous Law))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.

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Pozzo, Augusto Neves Dal. "Aspectos fundamentais do serviço público no direito brasileiro." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2010. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/5382.

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This study aims at furthering the understanding of some of the main aspects of the public service institutes under Brazilian law. To this end, a two-pronged approach was adopted firstly focusing on "public service under the Social Rule of Law", and secondly on the "legal regime of the public service under Brazilian law ; thus having to leave aside aspects related to the rendering of said services. In the first part of this study, we offer a legal logics-based digression concerning the Rule of Law and it having become the Social Rule of Law as of the Brazilian Constitution of 1988; therefore we examine the influence of this new model over the preexisting public services as well as over those services created to materialize the social rights under the 1988 Charter. The second part of this study aims at providing the reader with a comprehensive view of the normative archetype overreaching public service under Brazilian law. To achieve our goal, it was indispensible to address the features governing public service institutes as originally conceived in France, and therefore identifying the criteria or requisites that universal legal doctrine has adopted to describe the legal phenomenon at issue. Next, we examined the institutes under Brazilian law in order to identify which requisites account for public services in Brazil. The definition of public service together with its governing principles is therefore the main focus of this study. Following this, we looked into the public services found under the text of the 1988 Constitution. Lastly, we attempt to demonstrate that one cannot speak of a "crisis of the notion of public services", because it is not possible to state that its legal regime has undergone any change due to the constitutionally-enshrined Social Rule of Law, which has as a fundamental aspect the rendering of public services responsible for ensuring the social rights of citizens, without leaving aside and failing to implement services offering the necessary conditions and means to ensure respect for the life of individuals
O presente estudo tem como objetivo o exame de alguns dos principais aspectos do instituto do serviço público no direito brasileiro. Para realizar essa tarefa, sua abordagem foi dividida em duas partes: a primeira, enfocando o serviço público no contexto do Estado Social de Direito e, a segunda, examinando o regime jurídico do serviço público no direito brasileiro , descartando-se a análise de aspectos relacionados a sua prestação. Na primeira parte, promoveu-se uma digressão lógico-jurídica atinente ao Estado de Direito e sua transformação em Estado Social de Direito, este consagrado pela Constituição Federal de 1988, examinando-se a influência desse modelo nos serviços públicos já existentes e, bem assim, em relação àqueles que foram instituídos para dar concretude aos direitos sociais. A segunda parte do trabalho busca conferir ao leitor um panorama completo sobre o arquétipo normativo a que se encontra subsumido o serviço público no direito brasileiro. Para cumprir essa tarefa, imprescindível se tornou o exame das características que nortearam o instituto tal como concebido originalmente em França, identificando os critérios ou requisitos que a doutrina universal utilizou para descrever essa realidade jurídica. Após essa análise, examina-se o instituto no direito brasileiro, de forma a identificar quais os requisitos constitutivos do serviço público no Brasil. O conceito de serviço público passa a ser, então, o foco principal do estudo, a par dos princípios que o informam. Na continuidade, investiga-se os serviços públicos que se encontram compreendidos na Constituição Federal de 1988. Finalmente, demonstra-se que é impróprio falar-se em crise da noção de serviço público , porque não se pode afirmar que o seu regime jurídico tenha sofrido alteração e, principalmente, por conta do Estado Social de Direito Brasileiro, que tem, como aspecto fundante, a prestação dos serviços públicos responsáveis pela efetivação dos direitos sociais, sem deixar de lado e implementar aqueles que oferecem condições e comodidades para a dignidade da pessoa humana

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Zulli, Gabriel Vinícius. "A teoria da norma jurídica de Karl Olivecrona em relação aos seus pressupostos epistemológicos." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2018. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/21222.

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The objective of this dissertation is to develop the theory of Karl Olivecrona's legal rule in relation to its epistemological assumptions. Karl Olivecrona was a disciple of Axel Hägerström, founder of the Uppsala School, 1911. His works "Law as a Fact", 1939, and "Law as fact. (1971) exemplifies the empirical critique employed by Uppsala's theses, critical objectivism. By the thesis of critical objectivism, Olivecrona develops his theory of norm through conceptual analysis and psychological analysis. The legal rule, therefore, is developed as independent imperatives, that is, as orders without determined issuer. The objective of this academic research, in advancing the problem of legal theory without a duty, is to develop the two empirical functions of the legal norm: to make a practical suggestion and to constitute, transfer, and extinguish a state of affairs
O objetivo desta dissertação é desenvolver a Teoria da Norma Jurídica de Karl Olivecrona em relação aos seus pressupostos epistemológicos. Karl Olivecrona foi discípulo de Axel Hägerström, fundador da Escola de Uppsala, de 1911. As obras “O Direito como Fato”, de 1939, e “O Direito como fato” (segunda edição), de 1971, exemplificam a crítica empírica empregada pelas teses de Uppsala, o objetivismo crítico. Pela tese do objetivismo crítico, Olivecrona desenvolve a sua teoria da norma mediante a análise conceitual e a análise psicológica. A norma jurídica, por isso, é desenvolvida como imperativos independentes, isto é, como ordens sem emissor determinado. O objetivo desta pesquisa acadêmica, ao avançar com o problema da teoria da norma jurídica sem um dever ser, é desenvolver as duas funções empíricas da norma jurídica: causar uma sugestão prática e constituir, transferir, extinguir um estado de coisas

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Hagström, Lina. "Det offentligas tjänstemän – rättsstatens väktare?" Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-173698.

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Sweden is, according to its constitution, a state governed by law. The rule of law is upheld by the correct application of specific sources of law, consisting exclusively of legislation and its legislative history, court practise, established practise and the literature of jurisprudence. The non-regard for all other kinds of arguments, such as, for example, subjective justice in the matter at hand, ensures that formal justice is maintained. The outcome of two similar cases must result in the same ruling regardless of the person presiding. However, the courts are not the only place where the rule of law must be respected. In state and municipal administrations, legal decisions concerning individuals are made every day. Oftentimes administration officers are the first instance of adjudication. To achieve the same level of legality, administration officers must apply the same sources of law as do law graduates, but without any education in law. In this thesis, the method of legal problem solving that is practised by administration officers is studied, as well as the historical development of the profession of administration officers. Three representatives were interviewed about the scope of the method used in specific cases. The results showed that the methods clearly differed from the method of law graduates, in part due to organisational, economic and educational differences, and that the historical legacy is still very present in the administrative work.

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Maze, Jonathan William. "With Liberty and Justice for All: An Examination of the United States’ Compliance with Rule of Law as it relates to Domestic and International Terrorism." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1527529654328283.

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Ekdahl, Elin, and Sandra Jansdotter. "Mellan lag och rätt : en rättsvetenskaplig studie av kommunala riktlinjer avseende ekonomiskt bistånd i Stockholms län." Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Social Work, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-7418.

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The purpose of this essay was to examine municipal guidelines regarding the administration of the social assistance, collected from 18 municipalities in the Stockholm-area to achieve a greater understanding on how they were constructed in respect to the legislation and how the language mediated their contents. The legal aspects of the social assistance was studied through a jurisprudential method in which the legislative history, texts of laws and case laws were examined. The empirical aspect of this essay was studied through a hermeneutical method and analyzed through theories of social constructionism and legal pluralism. The results from the jurisprudential study were also used to understand how the municipal guidelines were constructed in relation to the law. The results of this essay corresponded well with previous studies in this field where considerable divergences in the approval of social assistance have been established. The guidelines allow a local adjustment of the social work stated in the Social service act, on the basis of local priorities and conditions. Our findings showed that the guidelines related to the law in varying degrees, to some extent depending on the stringency of the language used in them. We found expressions that were sometimes vague, normative and restrictive regarding the approval of social assistance. The results were discussed in respect to rule of law and the legal content of the guidelines.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Legal rule'

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