Dissertations / Theses: 'Legal psychology'

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Collett, Marisa Evelyn. "Criminal appearance and legal decision-making." FIU Digital Commons, 2000. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2406.

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Previous research has found that people are able and willing to assess whether an individual is a criminal or a non-criminal based on facial observations. What has not been looked at is whether an attribution of criminality could influence decisions as verdict choice, culpability, or punishment severity. The present study examined the effects of target photos that depicted pre-determined “bad guys” and “good guys” on legal decision-making. Participants viewed a case file of an armed robbery and attempted murder. Half the participants viewed a photo of a defendant who was previously deemed a “bad guy” and the other half a “good guy.” No differences were found in verdict preference; however, target photos of “bad guys” elicited higher estimates of the future likelihood that the defendant would commit this type of crime than target photos of good guys. Results indicate that target photos are perceived congruent to their pre-determined categories, but those perceptions were disregarded and participants based their decisions on other factors when making crucial legal decisions.

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Hill, Emily Sarah. "Advances in investigative and legal procedures." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/2873/.

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Background: The past three decades have seen significant changes in investigative and legal procedures for child witnesses and other vulnerable groups. Specifically, these innovations have included the introduction of video technology into the courtroom and the development of prescriptive guidance on the interviewing of witnesses and suspects, and subsequent comprehensive training materials. The importance of interrogative suggestibility upon the reliability of evidence was identified and resulted in the development of The Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scales (GSS, Gudjonsson, 1984, 1987), designed to objectively measure this concept. Method: In Chapter 1 of this thesis, a systematic literature review considers the impact of video technology on child witness well-being, evidential quality and perceptions of witness credibility. The empirical research paper in Chapter 2 then examines the content of investigative interviews with child witnesses and evaluates their adherence to investigative guidelines (Home Office, 1992, 2002, 2007, 2011). Chapter 3 provides a critique of the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scales (Gudjonsson, 1984; 1987). Results: The systematic review provides support for the positive impact of video technology upon child witness well-being. There was no evidence to suggest any negative impact of video technology with regard to trial outcome in the UK. Issues regarding video technology and credibility were less clear, although it would appear that video technology has some negative impact upon credibility. Issues with US and UK legislative procedures are discussed. The empirical research study revealed that investigative interviews with child witnesses continue to fail to adequately adhere to the prescriptive guidelines. An examination of the II Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale revealed that they are robust and reliable and that practitioners need to be aware of the implications of suggestibility in practice, particularly with child witnesses. Conclusions: Very significant changes have been made in investigative and legal procedures for vulnerable witnesses and suspects. Much of these changes are a result of psychological research on eliciting evidence from vulnerable witnesses and suspects. However, the findings reported in this thesis suggest the need for further research and advancements in practice.

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Barreto, Elias Rato. "Vinculação e relações de objecto dos sem-abrigo: Um estudo exploratório." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/975.

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Barral, Anabela Maria Dominguez. "Violência contemporânea, violência outorgada : reflexão de causalidades de emanência cultural." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/973.

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Baptista, Marta Isabel de Barros Cascais. "Percursos de risco: Abordagem psico-legal ao crescer em instituição." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/972.

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English, Peter Wayne. "Behavioral and social facts in legal decision making." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289881.

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Behavioral and Social Facts in Legal Decision Making provides a coherent framework for thinking about the social science and legal decision making interface. It takes as its premise that valuable lessons may be learned by examining a variety of legal decisions and their relationship to pertinent social and behavioral facts. It describes and explains these lessons in three parts. Section I introduces this relationship by demonstrating that behavioral and social factual knowledge can be critical in legal decision making, that the knowledge may have multiple sources, and that it can be used to address a variety of issues, interests and concerns held by various parties with an interest in the legal decision. Having established that the relationship between social science and legal decision making is an important one, Section II shows how and why behavioral and social facts can be used in legal decision making. Five primary uses are illustrated. First, behavioral and social facts can be used to identify and evaluate legal assumptions. Second, behavioral and social facts can be used by legal decision makers to establish social and legal policy. Third, behavioral and social facts can be used to settle factual disputes. Fourth, behavioral and social facts can be used to help resolve constitutional issues. Finally, behavioral and social facts can be used to educate legal decision makers so that they can make more effective and informed decisions. Despite the many potential benefits of using behavioral and social facts in legal decision making, Section III acknowledges that the relationship does not always work out as anticipated. Deficiencies may exist within either the behavioral and social facts or the legal decision maker. For example, the legal decision maker may choose to ignore relevant behavioral and social facts. Other problems may exist: The behavioral and social facts may not yet exist, or if they do exist, they may not directly address the specific issues with which the legal decision maker is concerned. Finally, the behavioral and social facts may suffer from methodological or statistical flaws that limit their application.

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Kalbeitzer, Rachel Goldstein Naomi E. Sevin. "Evaluating legal learning : the effects of time and development on adolescents' understanding of legal rights /." Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1860/2833.

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Reyes, Natasha. "The Psychology Surrounding Legal Standards of Competency and Representation for Children in U.S. Immigration Court." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/2097.

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In recent years, immigration detentions have spiked. Further, the Zero Tolerance Policy enacted by President Trump has separated thousands of children from their families. Because many children are without their parents, and immigration court is civil in nature, thousands of children are placed in deportation hearings without representation each year. Child psychological research is at odds with the current deportation practices as psychological research deems children unable to understand the complexities of the court system or the impacts of deportation proceedings. A minimum competency to stand trial must be enacted to protect young children’s due process rights, regardless of citizenship. Further, children should be protected through a guardian ad litem or other legal representatives as they are a vulnerable class. This paper examines the relationship between the current legal standards for immigration court, relevant child psychological research, and explores policy recommendations for immigration competency standards and representation requirements.

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Carpenter, Tracey Renee. "Countering the consideration of extra-legal factors in damage award decisions." FIU Digital Commons, 2000. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2052.

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Compensatory and punitive awards were created to serve two separate and distinct purposes: to compensate the plaintiff for his/her injuries and to punish the defendant for negligent conduct, respectively. Thus, defendant characteristics should have no impact on compensatory award decisions. Extensive research, however, indicates that these extra-legal factors do impact damage awards. The purpose o f this study was to examine whether varying types of judicial instructions could be used to reduce the effects o f such extra-legal considerations, particularly a defendant’s status as an individual or a corporation and defendant reprehensibility. As hypothesized, participants awarded larger compensatory awards in high reprehensibility conditions than in low reprehensibility conditions. There was also a trend to award larger sums o f money when the defendant was a corporation rather than an individual. However, none o f the four levels o f judicial instructions were shown to counter the impact o f either extra-legal consideration.

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Mercadante, Jenna Nicole. "Growth Attenuation, Sterilization, and Cochlear Implants: Ethical, Legal and Social Themes." Wright State University Professional Psychology Program / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wsupsych1309537482.

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Henein, Nancy S. M. Ed M. A. "Psycho-legal decision making among children and adolescents: A developmental perspective." Xavier University / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=xavier1383575692.

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Demacheva, Irina. "The role of developmental science in informing legal aspects of youth blameworthiness." Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=107777.

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Evidence from developmental sciences points to the role of psychological and cognitive factors in youth crime. Deficits in decision-making are hallmarks of adolescence suggesting that young individuals are less blameworthy than adults. Politicians in both the United States and Canada, however, are currently seeking to enact legislation stressing a more punitive approach to juvenile crime. Such harsh measures, moreover, may hinder the psychological health of adolescents and have been argued to be largely ineffective in reducing criminal recidivism. The present thesis comprises two manuscripts. One presents a conceptual framework in which we explore the blameworthiness and rehabilitation of youth. The second manuscript consists of results from a pilot survey in which we have assessed opinions of legal and clinical experts regarding the influence of developmental factors on legal desiderata concerning juvenile delinquents. Our findings suggest that while the legal community is moderately sensitive to developmental issues associated with youth culpability, the gap between developmental science and the legal system persists. We suggest that a closer interaction between clinical and legal experts is crucial to create an evidence-based developmental law.
Des preuves issues des sciences du développement révèlent l'influence des facteurs psychologiques et cognitifs sur la criminalité juvénile. Des déficits de prise de décision jalonnent l'adolescence, ce qui suggère que les jeunes individus sont moins coupables que les adultes. Cependant, les hommes politiques tant aux États-Unis qu'au Canada sont en train de chercher à mettre en vigueur des législations insistant sur une approche punitive envers les crimes juvéniles. De plus, de telles mesures, peuvent heurter la santé psychologique des adolescents et ont été accusées d'être largement inefficaces à la réduction de la récidive criminelle. La thèse ci-présente comporte deux manuscrits: l'un contient un cadre conceptuel dans lequel nous étudions la culpabilité et la réhabilitation de la jeunesse. L'autre manuscrit comprend des résultats d'un sondage pilote dans lequel nous avions évalué les opinions légales et cliniques des experts en se basant sur l'influence des facteurs du développement sur des désidérata légaux concernant les jeunes délinquants. Nos découvertes suggèrent que pendant que la communauté légale est modérément sensible aux problèmes de développement associés avec la culpabilité juvénile, le fossé entre la science du développement et le système légal persiste. Nous suggérons qu'une interaction plus rapprochée entre la loi et la science du développement est nécessaire afin de créer une loi fondée sur la recherche.

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Morrison, Sarah Elizabeth. "Legal disclosure of childhood sexual abuse : what can professionals tell us?" Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2016. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/7582/.

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Purpose: This study explores how the decision to disclose Childhood Sexual Abuse (CSA) to the legal setting for adult victims is perceived by key informants, specifically factors that are believed to facilitate or prevent legal disclosure from occurring. Background: Prevalence rates of CSA are high (Pereda, Guilera, Forns & Gomez-Benito, 2009) and the negative consequences caused by the abuse acknowledged (Filipas & Ullman, 2006). Disclosure of this crime is understood to be complex and delayed disclosure recognised (Arata, 1998) but little is known about disclosure to the legal system. Rates of legal disclosure of CSA remain low and the attrition rates high (London, Bruck, Ceci & Shuman, 2005), but investigation and understanding of the contributory factors is rare. Disclosure of CSA to the legal system enables prosecution of the abuser and protection of the victim and others. Method: 10 “key informants” consisting of specialised clinicians working with adult victims of CSA were interviewed. Each informant completed an indepth interview exploring their beliefs about factors that facilitated or prevented adult victims of CSA from disclosing their experience to the legal system. Interviews were transcribed and the qualitative data subjected to Thematic Analysis. Conclusions: Two super-ordinate themes (Legal Disclosures Are Rare: “Why would they do that?” and The Anomalies: Acknowledging that this is a crime) and four sub-ordinate themes emerged from the analysis and an analytical narrative constructed. Themes emphasised the rarity of legal disclosure and the significant number of barriers adult victims of CSA perceive. Implications for clinical practice and future research are outlined.

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Edmands, Lilian S. "The effect of legal judgements on responsibility taking behaviour : an exploratory study." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2006. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/328.

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Proponents of the therapeutic jurisprudence school of law point out that legal decisions may have important psychological consequences. They propose that research should peristently examine the impact of legal decisions on the psychological functioning of individuals. Judged by letters and articles within the media, one area of legal decision making that requires such an examination is the effect that judgements within prominent civil cases may have ,on subsequent individual responsibility taking of members of the community.

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Carbone, Jonathan N. "It Must Have Been Him: Coherence Effects within the Legal System." FIU Digital Commons, 2015. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2204.

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The present series of studies examine how jurors and public defenders evaluate different pieces of evidence and integrate them into a coherent conclusion within the context of a criminal case. Previous research has shown that in situations where both sides of the case are compelling, decision-makers nevertheless come to highly confident and polarized decisions, called coherence shifts (Simon, 2004). The present research sought to expand on coherence effects, improve upon the methodology of previous studies, and explore potential moderators of coherence. In Study 1, mock jurors (n = 306) read about a criminal case and evaluated multiple pieces of evidence at various points throughout the case. Results indicated that participants exhibited pronounced coherence shifts (i.e., their evaluations of the various pieces of evidence (a) became more consistent as the case progressed, and (b) were evaluated in line with their initial leanings) using an improved methodology that randomized evidence order and evidence valence. Furthermore, participants’ interim leanings of guilt or innocence biased their subsequent evaluations of ambiguous evidence. The direction and magnitude of participants’ coherence shifts were predicted by their pretrial dispositions towards prosecution and defense. Participants lacked awareness of how their perceptions of the evidence have shifted. Coherence shifts were not, however, moderated by asking mock jurors to justify their decisions, or by asking mock jurors to play devil’s advocate while considering each piece of evidence, underscoring the pervasiveness of this cognitive bias. Study 2 examined whether actual public defenders experience coherence shifts and how those shifts relate to the plea bargaining process; however, no coherence shifts were observed. Study 3 examined whether the timing of the defense’s presentation of their case could reduce coherence effects; results indicated that reading about the defense’s case immediately after the prosecution’s case (c.f. following a delay) marginally (p = .09) reduced coherence effects among jurors who acquitted the defendant, suggesting one potential strategy to mitigate this bias.

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Bern, Zachary. "Legal and Scientific Implications of Daubert: An Empirical Analysis of Expert Psychological Testimony." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1862.

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The goal of this paper is to outline the legal and scientific implications of the admissibility standard defined in Daubert v. Merrel Row Pharmeceuticals, Inc., 509 U.S. 579 (1993). The evolution of scientific admissibility is discussed. In addition, the author looks at criticisms of Daubert from the legal and psychological literature. Empirical data is presented with respect to judges’ abilities to act as “gate keepers” and jurors’ sensitivity to expert testimony. The author concludes with a discussion of the limitations and implications of this research.

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Braman, Eileen Carol. "Motivated reasoning in legal decision-making." Connect to this title online, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1091730982.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xvi, 213 p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 203-213). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center

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Cervantes, Gladys. "Expanding project fatherhood to reduce legal and employment barriers| A grant proposal." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10096072.

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Employment and legal barriers have been identified as being two key factors that are keeping fathers from being fully engaged and involved with their children. The purpose of this project is to write a grant that funds employment and legal assistance components to the already established Project Fatherhood program at Families Uniting Families in Long Beach, California. Funding will be requested from two foundations.

The overarching goal of this project is to expand the services of Project Fatherhood to help the members reach their potential as fathers and members of their communities. The program’s primary goals are to increase the employability of the fathers and remove legal barriers to employment and reunification. The effectiveness of the program will be determined by total number of fathers who acquire and maintain employment, and the legal barriers that are decreased and/or removed. Submission of this proposal for funding was not required to successfully complete this project.

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Wilson, Tierra. "Courtroom Psychology during Criminal Trials and its Therapeutic Role on Victims and Offenders." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7099.

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In the legal and mental health fields little is known about the therapeutic impact of courtroom psychology during criminal trials. The purpose of this research study was to investigate the inter-relating factors of law and psychology throughout criminal trials as experienced by lawyers and psychologists. Research questions explored the influence of courtroom psychology on criminal trial proceedings and challenges as experienced by both criminal trial attorneys in presenting mental health evidence, and by psychologists when testifying during criminal trials. Further exploration focused on the significance of courtroom psychology, and how lawyers and psychologists perceived courtroom psychology impacting justice for victims and influencing offender rehabilitation sentencing decisions. Procedural justice was the conceptual framework utilized in this investigation, and therapeutic jurisprudence was the theoretical base that guided this study. A qualitative-phenomenological research design was applied by interviewing 4 criminal law attorneys and 4 clinical forensic psychologists. Four themes emerged from the thematic analysis of the data collected: (a) an increase in the enhancement of psycho-legal services, (b) a need for additional education, (c) a desire to improve professional relationships through collaborative efforts, and (d) a demand for requiring advanced training. These results may serve as a foundation for professionals to provide ethically effective and relevant legal-therapeutic services for progressing courtroom psychology measures. Implications for positive social change from this research include recommendations to government, legal, and mental health system entities to consider generating and readjusting standards of practice that govern criminal trial proceedings.

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Johnson, Jonni Larue. "Episodic Autobiographical Memory in Youths with and without High Functioning Autism| An Empirical Test of Theoretical and Legal Concerns." Thesis, University of California, Davis, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10931581.

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The development of episodic autobiographical memory (EAM) has been well documented in those with typical development (TD), yet many questions remain about the development of EAM and its operations in those with high functioning autism (HFA). In this study, youths (9 to 18 years old) with and without HFA (N = 48) participated in a semi-distressing event and then 3 weeks later were interviewed using one of two forensic interview protocols (10 Step or Cognitive Interview [CI]). Accuracy was assessed via cued recall narratives and responses to direct questions. Individual differences in working memory, cognitive flexibility, and pragmatic language were assessed. Results indicated that, although HFA youths’ cued recall memory for event details was diminished, memory accuracy for people, actions, and objects depended upon interview protocol and youth age. Younger HFA youths performed comparably to younger TD youths when receiving the 10 Step protocol. Yet, older HFA benefitted more from the Cognitive Interview’s methods. Deficits in working memory, cognitive flexibility, and pragmatic language were more readily associated with performance in the CI condition and for youths with HFA. Indirect effects of age on memory performance via individual differences were observed mainly for the HFA group; maturational changes in these abilities may be occurring during adolescence, a period when youths with HFA begin to use compensatory mechanisms to perform EAM tasks. Direct question performance did not vary diagnostically, expanding the application of the task support hypothesis to a younger age. Implications for existing theories and forensic interview methods are discussed.

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Africa, Adelene R. "An analysis of psychological and legal conceptions of the defence of non-pathological criminal incapacity." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13901.

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Bibliography: leaves 59-62.
The defence of non-pathological capacity presents challenges for both law and psychology because it acknowledges that psychological factors other than mental illness, are grounds for complete exculpation. In this sense, South African law differs from its Anglo-American counterparts as it recognises that non-pathological factors playa role in negating criminal responsibility. Legal and mental health professionals are instrumental in the application of the defence, but both case law and literature reflect differences in the way in which the defence is understood and applied. Disagreement within and between disciplines adds to the controversial nature of the defence. This study examines the interpretation and practical application of the defence by mental health professionals and lawyers. It explores how participants' understanding of the defence informs its application in practice. A sample of ten participants including mental health professionals (comprising psychologists and psychiatrists) and lawyers (comprising advocates) was chosen, in order that a comparison be drawn between the two groups. Semi-structured interviews were conducted so as to enable in-depth exploration of issues regarding conceptions of criminal responsibility, the role of expert testimony and the conceptual understanding and application of the defence.

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Mesquita, Filipa Miguel. "A viagem da cegonha: A criança adoptada e sua família biológica descritas através da análise de processos de adopção." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/694.

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Pais, Lúcia Maria de Sousa Gomes Gouveia. "Uma história das ligações entre a psicologia e o direito em Portugal : Perícias psiquiátricas médico-legais e perícias sobre a personalidade como analisadores." Doctoral thesis, Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação, Universidade do Porto, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/1666.

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Tese de Doutoramento em Psicologia, apresentada à Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação, Universidade do Porto
Searching for the evolution of the relations between psychology and law in Portugal foucauldian methodology was used in order to enlighten some characteristics of the Portuguese disciplinary diagram, from the late XIX century until the year 2000. The exam of criminals was used as an analyser. With it, discursive productions from criminal law and policy were analysed, as well as those from socio-political context, from mental medicine and psychology. It was possible to testify the birth of institutions like the Institutos de Medicina Legal (IML) and the Instituto de Reinserção Social (IRS), allowing for the intervention of different technicians/experts. In order to grasp the way convergent and divergent points were established considering the different instances of discourse. we chose to analyse the documents produced by them. The empirical research was deployed upon those institutions archives. From the 4,215 processes inspected at the IRS 24 were selected, those containing the expertise request, the expertise and the judicial sentence, and submitted to intensive analysis. Considering the years 1967 to 2000, 1,875 processes were selected at the IML, the universe from witch a random stratified proportional sample of 319 expertise reports was extracted, which were submitted to extensive analysis. All these materials were scrutinized through content analysis, initially following a close procedure and then an open one, yielding 19,136 recording units. Results show political interference in mental medicine and IRS, embodied in the new social defense ideas. They also showed convergent and divergent points between mental medicine and psychology, and these with the law. The possibility of psychology's discourse contamination by law discourse is discussed, as well as the effects of transmitting negative information on the experts decision making processes. At last, intervention and research ideas were presented as suggestions to further exploration in this domain.

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Silva, Ana Patrícia Matos da Costa. "Amputação e reabilitação: Estudo dos aspectos psico-legais do sujeito com amputação." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/925.

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Dissertação de Mestrado em Psicologia Legal
Independentemente da sua gravidade, as deficiências adquiridas alteram o balanço psicodinâmico do sujeito, pois afectam o seu ambiente intrapsíquico, interpessoal, bem como todo o percurso de vida da pessoa. Em contraste com outras doenças físicas, a amputação tem sido menos estudada. O sujeito amputado está muitas vezes ligado a imagens de guerra, devido a aspectos históricos, influentes e decisivos, nomeadamente as graves consequências resultantes da II Guerra Mundial, onde o número de sujeitos com incapacidade adquirida aumentou extraordinariamente. O objectivo do nosso estudo foi avaliar a satisfação e sua relação com a adaptação funcional à prótese em sujeitos com amputações dos membros inferiores, ex-combatentes da Guerra Colonial, e a averiguar a existência de desvantagem social na nossa amostra. Participaram no estudo vinte sujeitos (n=20) com amputação do(s) membro(s) inferior(es). A adaptação à prótese foi avaliada pelo TAPES, instrumento que mede o ajustamento psicossocial, restrição de actividades, e satisfação com a prótese (Parte I), e outros aspectos relacionados com a saúde e capacidades físicas, bem como a experiência de dor no coto e dor fantasma (Farte U). A medida de desvantagem foi-nos fornecida pela utilização do CHART-SF, nos seus diferentes factores: incapacidade física, mobilidade, ocupação, integração social e auto-suficiência económica. Os resultados sugerem correlações com significado estatístico entre: Ajustamento Psicossocial (T) e Ocupação; Satisfação com a Prótese (T) e Mobilidade; Satisfação com a Prótese (T) e Ocupação; Restrição de Actividades (T) e Mobilidade; Ajustamento à Limitação e Independência Funcional; Ajustamento Geral e Mobilidade; Ajustamento Geral e Ocupação; Ajustamento Social e Integração Social; Satisfação Estética e Independência Funcional; Satisfação Estética e Mobilidade; Satisfação com o Peso da Prótese e Independência Funcional; Satisfação Funcional com a Prótese e Mobilidade; Satisfação Funcional com a Prótese e Ocupação; Ajustamento Psicossocial (T) e Satisfação com a Prótese (T); Sugerem ainda correlações negativas com significado estatístico entre Restrições de Actividades (T) e Satisfação com a Prótese (T); entre Restrição de Actividades Funcionais e Integração Social; entre Restrição de Actividades Sociais e Mobilidade; entre Ajustamento Psicossocial (T) e Restrição de Actividades (T). Concluímos com a necessidade de promover uma reabilitação que assente em critérios de natureza fisiológica (indiscutivelmente necessários), mas que valorize também critérios de natureza subjectiva, de forma que se possa considerar a reabilitação como um processo global, em que se possa olhar para o sujeito amputado e valorizar não aquilo que ele perdeu (o membro), mas o que ele ainda pode fazer (as suas capacidades).

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Pereira, Rita de Azevedo. "Os espinhos da rosa: A família adoptiva emergente da análise de processos de adopção." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/790.

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Dissertação de Mestrado em Psicologia Legal
O objectivo deste trabalho foi o de caracterizar a família-tipo que adopta em Portugal através da análise de processos de adopção de crianças concretizados pela Santa Casa da Misericórdia de Lisboa entre os anos de 1993 e 2000. O corpus deste estudo foi constituído por 90 processos de adopção. Utilizámos a análise de conteúdo categorial temática seguindo um procedimento aberto de análise. Como principais resultados obtidos temos que, embora Portugal tenha uma lei da adopção das mais avançadas da Europa, ainda subsistem muitas dificuldades na concretização de cada um destes processos, o que os torna morosos e difíceis, uma vez que os casais têm de aguardar, em média, cerca de 1119 dias para a conclusão do seu processo. Realça-se que os casais adoptantes pertencem a estratos sociais elevados e o motivo da adopção é associado à infertilidade de um ou de ambos os membros do casal.

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Mackenzie, Tania. "Reported responses to sexual trauma in people with intellectual disability : an analysis of clinical psychologists' psycho-legal reports." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/18425.

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While a large body of literature suggests that rape and sexual assault in the general population is pathogenic, there is a dearth of literature on its impact on people with intellectual disability (ID). Several studies have reported that individuals with ID may experience a range of psychopathology following rape that is similar to that experienced by adults and children in the general population (i.e. PTSD, Major Depression) but with stronger behavioural reactions. The main aim of this research was to identify the response of individuals with ID who had experienced sexual trauma. This was an archival study of the Sexual Abuse Victim Empowerment (SAVE) project's clinical psychologists' notes and psycho-legal reports from 2005 – 2009 on 295 female, child and adult, sexual assault/rape survivors with ID. It was hypothesised that in the different PTSD symptom criteria clusters there would be more symptoms of increased arousal than re-experiencing and avoidance, that there would be a difference in the number of reported symptoms between different levels of ID, and between the number of symptoms reported by the different psychologists who assessed the sample. Includes bibliographical references (pages 65-73).

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Franklin, Krista F. "Influencing Legislation for Juveniles in the Adult Judicial System: A Phenomenological Examination of Legal Advocates." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch163189877154816.

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Becker, Joshua M. ""The Space We Inhabit Together" Exploring the Impact of Legal Marriage on the Lives of Gay Men in Same-Sex Marriages." Thesis, Union Institute and University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10110916.

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In this study, I explored the impact legal marriage has had on gay men in legally sanctioned same-sex marriages. Participants included five gay men who were legally married in Massachusetts. Each participant was interviewed three times; twice using a semi-structured interview guide developed for this study plus a feedback session for clarification and validity check. Narrative information was coded for emergent categories and themes using a constructivist-interpretivist phenomenological approach. I sought to explore how gay men perceive their relationships after being able to marry, the extent to which being married has impacted how they view themselves and their relationships, as well as how the availability of legal marriage has affected social acceptance and community support. Three categories emerged from coded narrative data: (a) Entering Marriage, which included themes of how participants defined marriage, as well as processes that led them to marry; (b) Mechanics and Meaning-Making in Marriage, which included themes relating to changes participants noticed in themselves since being married, as well as differences in how aspects of marriage such as division of labor, finance, intimacy, and family expansion were navigated; and (c) Marriage in Context, which included themes relating to community, social, and political influences on participants’ marriages. The findings revealed that legal marriage has had a positive impact for these five men across intrapsychic, interpersonal, and social domains, though each participant experienced these impacts differently. I hope the information gathered will help contextualize the issue of gay male marriage equality reflected in real life experience as the field of psychology continues to expand the notions of healthy family relationships and their constellations.

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Tucker, CherÃ³n. "A medico-legal examination of homosexual women and their children : ethical consideration and the role of the clinical psychologist." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14819.

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Bibliography: leaves 250-284.
Past and present legal and medical proscriptions towards female homosexuality were reviewed, and the role of the women's movement and gay liberation organisations were considered in effecting social change. The legal predicaments of homosexual mothers seeking child custody was noted and the concerns of the court outlined and used to organise a comprehensive review of the literature on aetiology, personality adjustment, psychiatric status, life style and mothering capabilities of gay women. The effects on children raised by a homosexual mother were evaluated and it was noted that this experience cannot be separated from the child's experience of the effects of divorce and absent fathering amongst other things. A case study was presented, and the concerns of the court were found to be generally unwarranted and most difficulties experienced by the child seemed to be secondary problems relating to social prejudice and stigmatization. Ethical considerations were documented concerning the role of the psychologist in terms of social reform, research, community involvement, modes of therapy, legal reform and child custody disputes. Future directions were considered.

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De, Aguiar Julio Cesar. "Legal contingencies : towards a radical behaviorist approach to law as a social system." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2012. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=186180.

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This paper puts forth a radical behaviorist approach to legal theory according to which law is a set of behavioral contingencies which control the behavior of individuals according to politically defined goals. Based on the proposition that modern legal systems, because of their inherent contingency and chronic mutability, are irremediably instrumental to politically defined social goals, and on the radical behaviorist fundamental assumption that a science of human behavior is possible, the paper develops what can be called a radical behaviorist perspective on social systems theory. According to this perspective, a social system is neither a collection of individuals nor of individual acts, but a class of interconnected behavioral patterns or cultural practices conditioned and maintained through the same generalized reinforcer, which, in the case of law, is the dichotomy between legal versus illegal. To construct this radical behaviorist perspective on social systems theory, the paper relies on three major theoretical foundations. The first one is a criticism of Skinner’s concept of verbal behavior according to which instead of a special kind of behavior, it is defined as nothing but the human species-specific operant control of the vocal musculature by social reinforcement contingencies. The second one is to propose a more functional alternative to Skinner’s concept of human social behavior as that kind of operant behavior which is conditioned and maintained by other people’s behavior. The third one is a dialogue between radical behaviorism and Luhmann’s social systems theory, whose main purpose is to provide radical behaviorism with a more sophisticated description of modern society which, despite several differences, is also radically anti-individualistic and evolutionary. The final part of the paper is a detailed discussion of how law controls human behavior.

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Kramer, Greg M. Heilbrun Kirk. "Plea bargaining recommendations by criminal defense attorneys : legal, psychological, and substance abuse rehabilitative influences /." Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2006. http://dspace.library.drexel.edu/handle/1860/734.

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Sachs, Leslie A. "Barriers to Reporting Sexual Assault on College Campuses: A Psychology and Policy Analysis." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/447.

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Recent political and legal action has raised awareness about underreporting of sexual assaults on college campuses. The present study sought to identify psychological and institutional barriers to reporting sexual assaults through a series of questionnaires administered to current college students (N= 364). To investigate the relationship between policy variations and students’ likelihood of reporting, a 2 (option to report informally versus only formally) x 2 (student involvement in investigation/judicial board: involved versus uninvolved) x 2 (option to terminate an investigation: entirely in student’s control versus up to discretion of administration) between groups factorial design was used. The findings suggest that respondents’ were significantly more likely to report a sexual assault when given the option to terminate the investigation at anytime, when school size, rape myth acceptance and socio-cultural environment were controlled for in the analysis. These findings suggest that the option for complainants to terminate an investigation, their socio-cultural environment and individual rape myth acceptance are important factors in shaping attitudes towards reporting sexual assaults.

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Pecoulas, Katherine A. "Perceptions of Gangs and Their Effect on the Legal System." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/521.

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Several studies have examined the effect of gang affiliation on jury decision-making. However, none of such studies have examined how jurors perceive female gang members in the legal system, and how such perceptions may differ based on the geographic location of jurors. In the proposed study, jury-eligible participants from Chicago or Los Angeles will read a vignette about a gang member defendant, whose race and gender will vary. After reading the vignette, participants will be asked about the defendant’s guilt, sentence length, verdict confidence, aggression, and their familiarity with gang laws. It is hypothesized that while male gang members will be perceived as guiltier than females, they will receive shorter sentences. Additionally, while racial minority gang members will be perceived as guiltier, they will receive shorter sentences. Lastly, given the differing racial compositions of Chicago and Los Angeles, the combined effect of race and location will be examined on jury decision-making. These results may help in further understanding how certain types of gangs are perceived, and how these perceptions shape the legal outcomes of gang members.

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Pereira, Alexandra Alves. "O depois de amanhã...: Estrutura vinculativa em crianças em contexto institucional." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/775.

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Fernandes, Sandra Luísa Cordeiro. "Delinquência juvenil: Comportamentos de risco e saúde mental." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/1257.

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Dissertação de Mestrado em Psicologia Legal
O presente estudo possui como objectivo principal analisar se os comportamentos de risco definidos como delinquentes de um universo de adolescentes residentes em bairro, com idades compreendidas entre os 13 e os 18 anos, são hipoteticamente uma expressão de estados mentais associados à incapacidade de elaboração dos aspectos depressivos. Delíneou-se para o objectivo proposto elaborar um estudo comparativo, com uma amostra total de 77 sujeitos, com idades compreendidas entre os 13 e os 18 anos, distribuídos segundo dois grupos distintos: o Grupo de Controlo constituído por 39 sujeitos considerados como não apresentando comportamentos delinquentes e o Grupo Experimental composto por 38 sujeitos considerados como apresentando comportamentos delinquentes. Considerou-se que os comportamentos delinquentes são definidos em termos do número de participações/ocorrência de actos ilícitos punidos por Lei, num valor de igual ou superior a duas participações. A base instrumental para a proposta de análise enunciada foi realizada mediante a aplicação conjunta da Escala de Risco Suicidário de Stork e Escala de Ansiedade de Zung. Procedeu-se, de igual modo, à aplicação de um questionário de caracterização pessoal. Os resultados obtidos permitiram verificar que para o universo em causa, os adolescentes pertencentes ao Grupo Experimental, ou seja, adolescentes que têm comportamentos delinquentes apresentam valores de risco suicidário significativos, quando comparados aos sujeitos do Grupo de Controlo. Relativamente ao sexo e à idade não foram assinaladas diferenças significativas no que se refere aos resultados obtidos na Escala de Risco Suicidário. Embora se tenha verificado uma tendência do risco em relação ao sexo masculino.

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Bolin, Jerie J. "Attitudes on Legal Insanity and the Impact of Race." Wright State University Professional Psychology Program / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wsupsych1564414182185381.

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Scott, Amanda L. "Stereotypes about victims: How what we think we know about others impacts our legal judgments." The Ohio State University, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1124219029.

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Benute, Glaucia Rosana Guerra. "Do diagnóstico de malformação fetal letal à interrupção da gravidez: psicodiagnóstico e intervenção." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5139/tde-20052011-113933/.

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Este trabalho trata da interrupção da gestação, em casos de diagnóstico de malformação fetal letal e os processos psíquicos dela decorrentes. São feitas algumas considerações sobre os aspectos históricos e políticos da reprodução e da sexualidade, explorando, em seguida, aspectos relativos ao contexto cultural do aborto; o debate sobre o início da vida humana; questões da bioética e da legislação. O trabalho explora, ainda, questões sobre a legislação brasileira, Medicina Fetal e os processos psíquicos desencadeados a partir do diagnóstico de anomalia fetal letal. Foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa de campo, na Divisão de Clínica Obstétrica do Hospital das Clínicas da FMUSP, para aprofundar as questões teóricas discutidas. No período de agosto de 1998 a dezembro de 2003, foram realizadas entrevistas abertas com 249 mulheres, após terem recebido o diagnóstico de malformação fetal letal e entrevista semidirigida com trinta e cinco destas pacientes após a interrupção da gravidez. Este trabalho tem como objetivos específicos: identificar os processos psíquicos desencadeados nas mulheres, após o diagnóstico de malformação fetal letal; no processo de decisão pela interrupção judicial da gravidez; após a interrupção da gravidez; e identificar, na opinião das mulheres que receberam o diagnóstico de malformação fetal letal e que realizaram a interrupção da gestação, qual o papel da consulta psicológica nesse processo. A análise dos dados se deu de forma quantitativa e qualitativa. Os resultados obtidos versam tanto sobre o momento do diagnóstico como experiência que propicia um caos temporário com perda do raciocínio lógico, não permitindo reflexões imediatas. Demonstra as angústias vivenciadas no processo de decisão pela interrupção ou manutenção da gravidez, apresentando o processo de reflexão como de fundamental importância para decisão consciente e para posterior satisfação com a decisão tomada. O acompanhamento psicológico foi destacado como de fundamental importância para elaborar a situação vivida. Conclui que o diagnóstico de malformação fetal letal ativa mecanismos de defesa para manutenção do equilíbrio psíquico. O processo de decisão pela interrupção da gravidez deve ser acompanhado por um psicólogo para que ocorra revisão dos valores morais e culturais permitindo uma decisão adequada que visa minimizar o sofrimento vivido.
This research is about the termination of pregnancy in situations where lethal fetal malformation has been diagnosed, and the psychic process that the patient goes through in these cases. The study was done with some consideration for the historical and political process of reproduction and sexuality, exploring aspects about the cultural context of abortion, the beginning of human life, issues about bioethics, and specific Brazilian laws on abortion. It discusses the point of view of the Catholic Church on the termination of pregnancy. This research also explores questions about Brazilian laws, fetal medicine, and the psychic processes triggered after the diagnosis of fetal anomaly. This study was performed at the Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, in the Department of Obstetrics Between august, 1998 and December, 2003 open interviews was performed with 249 women after they have been diagnosed with lethal malformation of the fetus, and semi-direct interviews with 35 women after their pregnancy had been terminated. The objective of this research was not only to identify the psychic process women undergo after the diagnosis of lethal fetal malformation, during the decision-making process for the judicial intervention in the pregnancy, and after the termination itself; but also to know their opinion about the function of the psychological consult in this process. The data analysis was quantitative and qualitative. The results show that the moment of the diagnosis is an experience that creates a temporary chaos that deprives logical reasoning, and this situation does not allow an immediate decision. It shows the distress experienced in the decision-making process, showing that a reflective process is essential to the conscious decision and to being satisfied with the decision once it has been made. The psychological follow-up was determined to be of essential importance to understanding this situation. The study concludes that the diagnosis of lethal malformation of the fetus triggers a defense mechanism to maintain the psychic equilibrium. A psychologist must follow the process of the decision through to the termination of the pregnancy in order to provide a moral and cultural reflection leading to the correct decision and minimizing the emotional distress for the patient.

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Hogg, Miranda P. "Fitness to stand trial in Australia: The investigation and comparison of clinical opinion and legal criteria." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 1998. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1452.

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The extent to which Australian psychologists and psychiatrists are cognisant of the legal standard for Fitness to Stand Trial (FST) was investigated. 198 psychologists from The Australian Psychological Society (APS), and 125 psychiatrists from The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists (RANZCP) responded to a survey. Psychiatrists identified a greater number of legal criteria than psychologists. This finding extended across clinicians who had experience in the evaluation of fitness to stand trial and those who did not. No difference was found between psychologists and psychiatrists for mentioning irrelevant or insufficient considerations. However, a within-group analysis revealed that the most likely condition under which psychologists and psychiatrists were found to incorporate "mental state at the time of the offence" was when they had done between 1 and 4 evaluations. Membership of both the Forensic and Clinical Colleges of the APS and the Forensic Section of RANZCP was also associated with the ability to identify more of the relevant legal criteria. The methods that psychologists and psychiatrists use to establish FST differed and were found to reflect basic training. Psychiatrists rely on the use of the clinical interview and consultation with lawyers, regardless of whether the basis of the request for assistance is intellectual disability or mental disorder. Psychologists place much greater emphasis on the use of psychometric tests, particularly when intellectual disability is implicated. The results indicate that generally both psychologists and psychiatrists have an insufficient understanding of the legal criteria for fitness to stand trial. This investigation also points to the urgent need for the APS and RANZCP to ensure membership of their forensic college or section is conditional on the completion of a formal forensic training program. Directions for future research and practical implications are discussed.

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Plastock, Hope. ""I deserved better than that" : survivors' decision-making around legal disclosure of historic childhood sexual abuse : an interpretative phenomenological analysis and clinical research portfolio." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2018. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/30821/.

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Background: Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a prevalent crime which often leads to lifelong consequences for survivors, although has low rates of prosecution. Research on CSA disclosure in general suggests survivors may decide not to engage with the criminal justice process through ‘legal disclosure’ for various interpersonal, intrapersonal and systemic reasons. However, little research exists regarding legal disclosure. To support CSA survivors to access justice, it is necessary to understand the factors which influence their decisions around engaging with the legal system. Objective: To qualitatively explore the lived experience of decision-making around engagement with the legal system for adult survivors of CSA. Specifically, their perceptions of barriers and facilitators to engagement. Participants and Settings Clinicians in 3 NHS Scotland Psychological Trauma Services identified clients meeting study criteria. 7 participants took part in individual semi-structured interviews. Results: Interpretative phenomenological analysis was used. Two main themes were developed during analysis: 1) awareness of and preparedness for what the legal system involves and 2) weighing up the value of disclosure. Barriers and facilitators to engagement are discussed. Conclusions: This study found that, similarly to informal disclosure, various barriers and facilitators exist to legal disclosure. Legal disclosure may require a distinct foundation of supportive factors due to the formal investigative process which can follow. The findings can assist clinicians, police and legal professionals working with CSA survivors to promote support and engagement around legal disclosure.

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Freitas, Gustavo António Bernardino Alves de. "Uma compreensão do incesto a partir da sua proibição: Que conhecimento do Homem?" Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/996.

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Groebe, Matthew Elliot. "Behavioral mimicry in the courtroom: Predicting jurors' verdict preference from nonconscious mimicry of attorneys." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1384364661.

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Joy, Stephen W. "Twelve Certain Men: The Impact of Emotional Appraisals on Juror Decision-Making." FIU Digital Commons, 2013. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/915.

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Our jury system is predicated upon the expectation that jurors engage in systematic processing when considering evidence and making decisions. They are instructed to interpret facts and apply the appropriate law in a fair, dispassionate manner, free of all bias, including that of emotion. However, emotions containing an element of certainty (e.g., anger and happiness, which require little cognitive effort in determining their source) can often lead people to engage in superficial, heuristic-based processing. Compare this to uncertain emotions (e.g., hope and fear, which require people to seek out explanations for their emotional arousal), which instead has the potential to lead them to engage in deeper, more systematic processing. The purpose of the current research is in part to confirm past research (Tiedens & Linton, 2001; Semmler & Brewer, 2002) that uncertain emotions (like fear) can influence decision-making towards a more systematic style of processing, whereas more certain emotional states (like anger) will lead to a more heuristic style of processing. Studies One, Two, and Three build upon this prior research with the goal of improving methodological rigor through the use of film clips to reliably induce emotions, with awareness of testimonial details serving as measures of processing style. The ultimate objective of the current research was to explore this effect in Study Four by inducing either fear, anger, or neutral emotion in mock jurors, half of whom then followed along with a trial transcript featuring eight testimonial inconsistencies, while the other participants followed along with an error-free version of the same transcript. Overall rates of detection for these inconsistencies was expected to be higher for the uncertain/fearful participants due to their more effortful processing compared to certain/angry participants. These expectations were not fulfilled, with significant main effects only for the transcript version (with or without inconsistencies) on overall inconsistency detection rates. There are a number of plausible explanations for these results, so further investigation is needed.

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Strachan, Martha Kirkland Goldstein Naomi E. Sevin. "The development of a theory-based, Miranda Rights educational curriculum : are there cognitive developmental limitations to legal learning? /." Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1860/2908.

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Moore, Thomas. "THE EFFECT OF LEGAL STATUS ON RESPONSES TO BRIEF MOTIVATIONAL INTERVIEWING WITH SUBSTANCE USERS." VCU Scholars Compass, 2012. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2806.

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The effectiveness of drug abuse treatment for clients coerced into care remains controversial. Some studies find clients with legal pressure do better than those without legal pressure, while others report the exact opposite. Opposing views are often fueled by the wide-ranging models that guide delivery of addiction treatment. The present study examined how participants with and without legal pressure to attend treatment responded to a motivational (MET) vs. traditional (TAU) form of addiction treatment. Additionally, the predictive value of the Readiness to Change (RTC) score, from the URICA, was assessed across days of substance use and treatment retention. Legal status was shown to have a significant effect on days of primary substance use per week and treatment retention, regardless of intervention condition. The RTC score was shown not to be predictive of days of primary substance use or treatment retention. Research and clinical implications and future directions are discussed.

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Wasarhaley, Nesa Elizabeth. "INSTITUTIONAL ELDER NEGLECT IN CIVIL COURT: PERCEPTIONS OF VIDEO RECORDED VICTIM TESTIMONY." UKnowledge, 2010. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/19.

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Mock juror perception of institutional elder neglect (IEN) was investigated in a civil court context. Participants (N=148) read a fictional IEN civil trial summary in which an alleged elderly female victim filed a lawsuit against her nursing home for failure to provide adequate care but died prior to trial. Participants read a version in which (a) previously recorded video testimony from the alleged victim was presented, (b) the alleged victim’s floor-mate testified about witnessing the neglect, or (c) no witness testimony was presented. An ageism scale was completed, and participants indicated the amount of time they spend with elders. Results indicated that there were no main effects of testimony or ageism on likelihood of ruling for the alleged victim, but recorded victim testimony had an indirect effect on ruling through overall plaintiff’s case credibility and pro-victim ratings. Participants who typically had more contact with elders were more likely to rule for the plaintiff and have pro-victim ratings. Results are discussed in terms of the importance of juror attitudes towards elderly people in IEN cases.

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Martin, Mary-Anne. "Psychological assessment for the courts : A survey of psychologists." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 1999. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1262.

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The literature relevant to legal standards in criminal, family, and civil settings in relation to psychological assessments for the courts is reviewed. Although over the past twenty years, a number of specialised forensic instruments have been developed for use in forensic settings, it appears that they are infrequently used. Surveys of test use patterns reveal that psychological test use in forensic settings is virtually identical to that in clinical settings, despite the different nature of the referral questions. The debate about the use of psychological tests in forensic assessments, and research on the use of tests in these assessments is also discussed. Research into the quality of forensic evaluations and psychological evidence in court was explored. Literature about evaluation practices and the experiences of psychologists within legal settings is also discussed. Australian psychologists who do forensic assessments for the courts were surveyed about their work settings, experience, training, evaluation practices, and experiences of the legal system. Responses were received from 79 participants who worked in institutional and/or private practice settings. In general, psychologists who do forensic work are satisfied with their experiences in court. This suggests that psychological evidence is well accepted by the courts. The implications of unquestioning acceptance of psychological evidence by the courts are discussed. The results revealed a high use of neuropsychological tests (seven of the top ten most frequently used tests) in forensic assessments in comparison to results from studies in USA and UK. These results highlight the need for a focus on neuropsychology in forensic courses. The survey offers a profile of Australian psychologists providing psychological assessments for the courts.

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O'REILLY, JOSEPH MATTHEW. "LEGAL PRIVACY AND PSYCHOLOGICAL PRIVACY: AN EVALUATION OF COURT ORDERED DESIGN STANDARDS (ENVIRONMENTAL, PSYCHIATRIC HOSPITALS, ARCHITECTURE)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187916.

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The legal system and the social sciences share an interest in privacy but have developed separate conceptualizations of the concept. The result is two similar but conflicting theories of privacy that make different assumptions about how people behave and how that behavior can be controlled. The purpose of this study was to begin testing these theories by examining the operationalization of privacy through mandated standards intended to ensure privacy for the mentally ill. Specifically, the standards set in Wyatt v. Stickney, which reflect the idea that privacy is a sphere of space free from outside intrusion, were examined to see if they did indeed ensure privacy. Using two units in a facility that met the standards mandated by the court in Wyatt v. Stickney, the research examined staff and patient perceptions of privacy. Thirty-five patients were interviewed and twenty-four staff completed questionnaires on the overall habitability of the unit and patient privacy. Results indicated that the Wyatt court's operationalization of privacy as primarily a visual phenomena was inadequate and although the specific standards ordered to ensure privacy were reported to be effective by a simple majority of patients, overall patients reported a lack of privacy. Staff responses were generally in agreement with patients but they tended to use more extreme or stronger ratings. The present study also has implications for the legal conceptualization of privacy. It was found that privacy was perceived as important by patients; that autonomy as evidenced by control was an important issue for a minority of patients; and, the right of selective disclosure was not a major concern of patients. Needed future areas of research that were identified included: comparing privacy ratings across a variety of group living situations, comparing the mentally ill's conceptualizations of privacy from others, determining the effect of privacy on the therapeutic goals of an institution and therapeutic outcome and, determine the relative importance of privacy to the mentally ill.

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Laufenberg, Amy Lynn Laufenberg. "Is society's view of sexual harassment evolving along with new legal precedents?" CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2002. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2153.

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This study was designed to investigate if society's view of sexual harassment is evolving along with new legal precedents that include remedies for same-sex sexual harassment. By using an aggressive provocation questionnaire and varied scenarios where responses were recorded on a 5-point Likert scale assessing their perception of the level of sexual harassment depicted in the scenario. Thus examining the role of aggression in people's perceptions of sexual harassment.

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Doyle, Meredith C. "Gender Inequality in the Law: Deficiencies of Battered Woman Syndrome and a New Solution to Closing the Gender Gap in Self-Defense Law." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2011. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/149.

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Dr. Lenore Walker developed battered woman syndrome to address the issue of domestic violence and to give battered women a defense in situations in which they kill their abusive partners when they are not overtly threatening them. Self-defense law is based on male on male combat. Women are less able to protect themselves in an attack by a man, and so they may preemptively attack their sleeping partners to avoid a situation in which they cannot adequately protect themselves. Battered woman syndrome explains why these battered women act in a way that is irrational to a non-battered person. Walker's theory of learned helplessness explains why the woman does not leave the abusive relationship, and the cycle of violence theory explains why she perceives an imminent threat. Battered woman syndrome is problematic in its legal application because of problems with its scientific validity and reliability. It also furthers gender stereotypes and blurs the line between a justification and an excuse defense. While, Dr. Walker's intentions were good, battered woman syndrome is inadequate. Women's difference from men still have to be acknowledged in cases in which battered women kill their husband's, but social agency framework is a more effective way to acknowledge gender differences. This framework takes into account social circumstances that would explain a woman's actions rather than including pathology. This would explain why the woman did not leave an abusive relationship. To avoid the pathology of BWS while explaining why the woman felt an imminent threat, the defense can turn to a pattern of abuse that helps her reasonably recognize when violence is likely.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Legal psychology'

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