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Golzari, Sepideh. "A legal geographic perspective on a critical legal pluralism." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=95228.
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This thesis is a work of interpretation about interpretations of law. It exposes mainstream approaches of law, a critical legal pluralist approach and a legal geographic approach to methods of questioning provoked by a series of events connected to Palestinian Human Rights Week at McGill Faculty of Law. These events are used to highlight that the theoretical approach of a Critical Legal Pluralism can better account for power relations than mainstream approaches to law but, that it can nonetheless be usefully supplemented by an appreciation of Legal Geography in order to account for the how of power relations, prevent the reification of human legal agency' and make a move beyond the human/non-human binary.Ce mémoire est un travail d'interprétation sur différentes interprétations du droit. Il confronte une approche juridique traditionnelle, une approche fondée sur le pluralisme juridique critique ainsi qu'une approche de géographie du droit à des réflexions suscitées par une série d'événements en relation avec la Semaine des Droits de l'Homme en Palestine qui s'est tenue à la faculté de Droit de Mcgill. Ces événements sont utilisés afin de mettre en lumière le fait qu'une approche théorique issue du Pluralisme Juridique Critique permet de rendre mieux compte des rapports de pouvoirs que les approches traditionnelles du droit ; celle-ci peut toutefois être enrichie par la Géographie du Droit afin de rendre compte du comment des rapports de pouvoirs, prevenir la réification des "human legal agency" et dépasser l'opposition binaire humain/non-humain.
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Schlee, Günther. "Collective identities, property relations, and legal pluralism /." Halle/Saale : Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, 2000. http://www.eth.mpg.de/pubs/Working%20Paper%201.pdf.
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Anderson, Ellen. "Enlightened postmodernism, Scottish influences on Canada's legal pluralism." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0006/MQ40985.pdf.
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Jackson, Amy Ruth. "What is law? : Unveiling a subjective legal pluralism." Thesis, University of Reading, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.567699.
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The present thesis explores inter alia how the relationship between the state, groups and their members is framed in the legal imagination. Legal pluralism is an analytical tool used to discuss the operation, interaction and conflicts between 'normative orders' (a term which describes the systematic rules of social associations). Martha-Marie Kleinhans and Roderick Macdona1d posit an image of law and society (called 'critical legal pluralism') that locates law in human imagination, captured in people's narrative accounts. One criticism of their approach is that it establishes an indeterminate conception of legality. To explore the criticism, this thesis investigates two research questions: how is it useful for socio-1ega1 scholars to locate law within the human imagination? And, can socio-1ega1 researchers capture and document subjective 1aw(s)? The aim is to unveil (or reveal) whether a subjective legal pluralist approach is useful, or even possible, for socio-1ega1 scholars to undertake by using the practice of veiling (the wearing of a hijab, jilbab, niqab or burqa) as a case study. A critical analysis of the leading House of Lords' judgment in R (on the application of Begum) v Headteacher and Governors of Denbigh High School [2007] 1 AC. 100 provides an opportunity to examine the reasons for and against accommodating the practice in Britain. Although some scholars highlight the importance of acknowledging the inter-woven relationship between cultural and religious groups and their members, they do not suggest how the relationship can be captured in law, outside of the liberal rights-based framework. This is the first study to put forward a subjective legal pluralist approach to the practice. As the particular reasons why women wear a veil can only be assumed, the findings from an empirical study provide insight to one crucial question: do women who live in Britain and wear a veil experience the practice as law? iv
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Qianlan, Wu. "Competition laws, globalization and legal pluralism : China's experience." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.535843.
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Crai, Eugen. "The vampires of Transylvania : ethnic accommodation and legal pluralism." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ64267.pdf.
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Parmar, Pooja. "Claims, histories, meanings : indigeneity and legal pluralism in India." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/43783.
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Tas, Letif. "Kurds in the UK : legal pluralism and alternative dispute resolution." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610949.
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Morudu, Ntebo Lauretta. "The indiginisation of customary law : creating an indingenous legal pluralism." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/77420.
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In the advent of the current dispensation, South Africa’s Constitution elucidates that customary law is in parallel with common law under section 39 of the Constitution,1 in light to this contention, the study begs to claim that this is only superficial.2 The constitutional advancement of customary law has been delayed in terms of legislative and judicial reform and development, and the legislature is inattentive with respect to remedying the inadequate position customary law is placed in. Instead, the legislature has been replacing customary law considered ‘non-transformative and undeveloped’, with common law to promptly deal with customary disputes.3 The insufficiency of the development and reform of customary law allows the judiciary and the legislature to limit the development of customary law as a whole in terms of its application and interpretation. It is highly significant to engage with the need to ascertain indigenous people's human rights in South Africa, by paving the way and ensuring due regard to their legal regimes.4
Even at the advent of the codified version of customary law; there are still ambiguities and misunderstandings that exist within the official customary law.5 Engaging in the creation of indigenous legal pluralism in questioning whether customary law can exist as a separate pluralism within the South African state law pluralism, it is both bold and daunting. If an argument cannot be successfully made, the question left to ask by the study is, can customary exist successfully, undistorted and purposefully within the current dispensation? Can the courts and the legislature ensure its constant development and codification, especially giving due regard to living customary law and the customs that exist concurrently?
There are foreign and international legal improvements and ways in which some states seek to enforce indigenous people's rights to self-determination and enforcing their legal regimes to recognise and apply their laws in solving their prevailing customary disputes.6 A comparative analysis is essential to assess the longstanding argument that will be made in the study. It is of great significance to consider not only national law in terms of seeking advancement and legislative reform of South Africa’s indigenous pluralism. Additionally, comparatively studying the legal status of foreign customary law that will be used in the study to shed light on how to create such deep indigenous pluralism. Not only considering foreign law but also the current reform of intellectual property law and environmental law; which seeks to recognise the indigenous people's rights for the protection of their indigenous knowledge and resources, respectively. The study would like to engage such legislative reform in order to answer the daunting question of the creation of deep indigenous legal pluralism to ascertain indigenous people's legal regimes and the hegemonic realism of their customary law.Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2019.
Private Law
LLM
Unrestricted
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Hammond, Ama Fowa. "Towards an inclusive vision of law reform and legal pluralism in Ghana." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/58803.
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In post-colonial Ghana, some rules of customary law have been criticised as being inimical to the rule of law and to socioeconomic development. As such, customary law has been a key focus of legal reform. There has been resistance to law reform efforts, especially from communities in rural areas because the state and customary legal systems have failed to reconcile their perceptions of law and legal responsibilities. Taking these legal conflicts as its starting point, this dissertation explores the mechanisms for effective reforms of customary law in a legally plural Ghana. One key objective is to consider the types of legal reforms that might be agreeable to rural dwellers in ways that ensure compliance with state law. Drawing on legal pluralism as a guiding framework for analyzing the relationship between state and customary legal systems, and focusing on intestate succession as one concrete example, I argue that in order for legal reforms to be embraced, especially by rural dwellers, the state must adopt an inclusive vision of law reform, by modifying the machinery of law reform to meet the particular needs of its people. In the context of intestate succession, I argue that the courts should be given discretion, based on suggested guidelines, to vary the extended family’s portion of intestate property. In addition, I argue that changes to intestate law must also be accompanied by political, economic, educational and even psychological changes to the structures that frame the customary legal system. In sum, legal reform must also mean social, political and economic reform. It must also mean establishing and nurturing meaningful reciprocal relationships among legal systems and empowering people to consider engaging with and accepting opposing views, with a view to managing conflicts.Law, Peter A. Allard School of
Graduate
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Kirby, Coel Thomas. "Exorcising Matovu's ghost : legal positivism, pluralism and ideology in Uganda's appellate courts." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=112605.
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In 1966, the High Court of Uganda legitimised the new nation's first coup d'etat. After two decades of civil war, Ugandans enacted their first popular constitution in 1995. However, the judiciary's dominant positivist ideology, Matovu's ghost, still haunts the new legal order. The author sets out this ideology's presumptions and then critiques them against an alternative, pluralist map of laws in Uganda.The constructive analysis of recent case law (or lack thereof) that follows shows how this ideology undermines the constitution's promises of equality and freedom. This pluralist methodology is also essential to explain contemporary crises like the Lord's Resistance Army, arms proliferation in Karamoja and Museveni's "no-party" rule. In conclusion, exorcising Matovu's ghost is a priority for Ugandans and the process deserves considered thought for legal scholars advocating the "rule of law" or interventions by the International Criminal Court.
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López, Cuéllar Nelcy. "State legal pluralism: between conflict and dialogue insights from a colombian case." Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=106457.
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The question whether judicial decisions can be reviewed on constitutional grounds in Colombia has given rise to a long-lasting conflict between the Colombian Constitutional Court, on the one hand, and the Colombian Supreme Court of Justice and Council of State on the other. The Constitutional Court claims to have the authority to review judgments of the other two high courts, while these courts claim to have exclusive authority over ordinary and administrative law. This simultaneous claim of authority has lead to disobedience of the Constitutional Court's judgments by the other two high courts. I argue that this conflict is an example of state legal pluralism. State legal pluralism, I claim, is a coexistence of authority-claiming institutions that: takes place within the governmental structure of the state; includes two or more public institutions; and involves a hierarchically irresoluble tension between or among these institutions over a decision on the same subject matter. I also assert that in all cases of legal pluralism, state legal pluralism included, there is a correlation between the coexistence of authority-claiming institutions and the lack of obedience. I claim, moreover, that disobedience and mere compliance are subspecies of the lack of obedience. A form of mere compliance can be accommodation of authority-claiming institutions and one way in which this accommodation can manifest itself is through inter-institutional dialogue. I argue that dialogue between coexistent authority-claiming state institutions is possible if their claim of authority is made against private parties only. Finally, I state that dialogue would be possible between the Colombian high courts if, based on the Colombian constitutional clause of harmonious collaboration, these courts claimed authority against private parties only.En Colombie, la question du contrôle de la constitutionnalité des décisions judiciaires a donné lieu à un conflit de longue durée opposant, d'une part, la Cour constitutionnelle de Colombie et, d'autre part, la Cour suprême de justice et le Conseil d'État. La Cour constitutionnelle prétend avoir l'autorité nécessaire pour réviser les arrêts des deux autres hautes juridictions, alors que celles-ci considèrent avoir l'autorité exclusive sur le droit privé et administratif respectivement. Cette concurrence de prétentions à l'autorité a débouché sur la désobéissance des deux hautes cours face aux décisions de la Cour constitutionnelle. Nous défendons la thèse en vertu de laquelle ce conflit constitue un exemple de pluralisme juridique étatique. Nous affirmons que le pluralisme juridique étatique correspond à la coexistence d'institutions ayant prétention à l'autorité; coexistence qui se produit a l'intérieur de la structure de l'État, qui inclut au moins deux institutions publiques, et qui implique une insoluble tension hiérarchique parmi ou entre lesdites institutions au sujet d'une décision qui porte sur la même matière. Nous avançons par ailleurs que dans toutes les occurrences de pluralisme juridique, ce qui inclut le pluralisme juridique étatique, il y a corrélation entre la coexistence des institutions prétendant à l'autorité et le défaut d'obéissance. De plus, nous soutenons que la désobéissance et la conformité formelle sont des sous-catégories du défaut d'obéissance. Une expression de la conformité formelle pourrait être l'accommodement des institutions prétendant à la compétence, notamment au travers du dialogue interinstitutionnel. Nous avançons que le dialogue entre les institutions prétendant à l'autorité est possible si leurs prétentions à l'autorité ne concernent que des parties privées. Enfin, nous affirmons que la possibilité du dialogue entre les hautes cours colombiennes serait possible si, tenant compte de la disposition constitutionnelle relative à la collaboration harmonieuse, lesdites cours prétendaient avoir autorité uniquement contre les parties privées.
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Perez, Oren. "Ecological sensitivity and global legal pluralism : rethinking the trade and environment debate." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251644.
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Larcom, S. T. "A law and economic analysis of legal pluralism in Papua New Guinea." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2012. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1355957/.
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This thesis looks at how Papua New Guinea‟s two most prominent legal orders; customary law and state law sanction wrongs. The mode of analysis is primarily economic while also acknowledging the reality of deep legal pluralism. In a society subject to a legal transplant such as Papua New Guinea there will be wrongs under customary law and wrongs under state law. Some of these wrongs will be common to both legal orders, common wrongs, and some will be unique to each legal order, idiosyncratic wrongs. Sanctions used to correct these wrongs will either be wrongs under the other legal order or not. The thesis analyses the interactions of the two legal orders using this typology. The empirical element provides an overview of the level of wrongdoing in the New Guinea Islands; how the two legal orders sanction wrongs; differing conceptions of wrongs; the degree that the legal orders are seen as substitutes; the degree to which the legal orders support or undermine each other; and the effect their interaction may have on the deterrence against wrongs. It is argued that in relation to grave common wrongs the sanctions of the two legal orders are broadly substitutable. However, the state does not generally see them as so and in recent times the courts have shown an increasingly intolerant stance toward customary law sanctions. It is argued that the state‟s effort to use the criminal law as a tool for social change has failed and has contributed to a lack of personal security in many parts of Papua New Guinea. In light of previously failed reforms, and based on the empirical research, it is argued that greater recognition of customary law through the prosecution process should ameliorate many of the most problematic interactions between the legal orders in the control of wrongs.
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Kwonyike, Joshua K. "Legal pluralism in Kenya : a study of Tugen-Arror customary family law." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.392856.
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This thesis looks at legal pluralisln in fatnily law. Its Inain concern can be divided into two: the extent of co-existence of indigenous customary family law in a Kenyan society on one hand, and state law (principles and rules) regulating family relations, on the other. This study was based on the Tugen-Arror ethnic community in the Rift Valley Province. One among the 43 ethnic groups found in Kenya; a country colonised by Britain from 1895 to 1963. This left a legal structure which is pluralistic in nature. Nothing confirms this more than the sources of law, the institutions and procedures that exist today. As indicated in this thesis, the sources of law in Kenya can be divided into two main categories: First and foremost, those referred in the thesis as 'inherited' or 'official' state laws which were at first introduced during the colonial rule and later through the post-colonial legal institutions. Secondly, those referred in here as 'indigenous' or 'customary law'. These are custolnary 'legal' norms representing the many ethnic communities in Kenya. The aim of the dissertation, therefore, concerns the implications of legal plurality, the co-existence of different legal principles, institutions and processes all interconnected with the various sources of law, on the general operation of customary family law in Kenya. This co-existence of diverse competing legal systen1s, institutions and processes creates an inevitable conflicting situation. This is nowhere better observed than in the rules and processes connected with customary family relations; particularly in marriage, brideprice, divorce and issues pertaining to parentchild relations (adoption, guardianship and fosterage). In the process of discussing these customary family related matters under the auspices of Tugen-Arror customary law, the different facets of customary and family rules, behaviours, relationships and likewise principles, rules and relations under state law are highlighted. The reason for doing so is to try and reveal the different aspects of Tugen-Arror customary practices that differ from those observed in other communities. The dissertation therefore, focuses mainly on the customary practices of the Tugen-Arror community, at a period of social, economic and political change exerted by forces unrelated to their traditional past, values and aspirations deeply entrenched and in which any social change taking place does so with the interest of the wider family at its core.
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Olofsson, Anna. "Aiding and abetting international crimes : in the light of international legal pluralism." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-133651.
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Vanegas, Guzman Maria del Pilar. "Integrating legal pluralism to ICRC's task of enhancing compliance with international humanitarian law." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=97134.
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The latest public reports by the International Committee of the Red Cross demonstrate its increased operational tendency granting importance to diversity and contextualization in the multiple contexts where the humanitarian institution operates. These reports call for the use of imagination and creativity to face challenges not yet overcome though recognized at least a decade back -notably the recurrent record of non-compliance with the law of armed conflict while the numbers of victims of war grow at a worrying pace. This thesis explores whether the predominant positivist legal character within the ICRC -typical of the western legal tradition- contributes or instead constitutes an obstacle to the current operational trends. It is argued here that complementing the marked positivist view of law at the ICRC with pluralist perspectives would help ease the tension and bridge the gap that it is argued exists at the ICRC between the legal and the operational minds. The ground is ripe for the integration of positivist and pluralist approaches at the ICRC, since a pluralist vision of law is in line with the pragmatic operational perspectives at the ICRC. A pluralist vision would entail open appeal to the moral ingredient of law in an inclusive and non-hierarchical dialogue which would integrate the diversity of actors at war as active participants in the legal enterprise. Moving forward to an inclusive and participative law-making process in a global context marked by a multiplicity of legal communities, religious dynamics and non-state conflicts may help improve adherence to and compliance with the law of armed conflict by rendering it more legitimate and meaningful in the mind of actors. Bridging the gap between the operational and legal minds at the ICRC could serve the operational objective to protect victims of armed conflict as well as the legal one to improve respect of the law.Dans ses rapports les plus récents destinés au public, le Comité International de la Croix-Rouge (CICR) expose sa tendance opérationnelle croissante et l'importance qu'il accorde à la diversité et à la contextualisation des multiples contextes où l'institution humanitaire exerce ses activités. Le CICR fait appel dans ces rapports à l'imagination et à la créativité pour venir à bout des difficultés qui ne sont toujours pas résolues, même si elles ont été mises en lumière il y a une décennie déjà au moins, notamment le non-respect répété du droit international humanitaire (DIH) alors que le nombre de victimes de guerre augmente à un rythme alarmant. Cette thèse cherche à définir si la position prédominante au sein du CICR, à savoir le positivisme juridique, attitude typique de la tradition juridique occidentale, favorise les tendances opérationnelles actuelles ou, plutôt, y constitue un obstacle. L'on avance ici que le fait d'étoffer la vision positiviste marquée du droit au sein du CICR d'optiques pluralistes contribuerait à apaiser les tensions et à combler le fossé qui, croit-on, existe au sein du CICR entre les perspectives juridique et opérationnelle. Il est temps d'intégrer les approches positivistes et pluralistes au CICR, puisque la vision pluraliste du droit correspond à l'optique opérationnelle pragmatique du CICR. Une vision pluraliste signifierait un recours ouvert au volet moral du droit dans le cadre d'un dialogue inclusif et non hiérarchisé, qui favoriserait l'intégration des divers acteurs en guerre comme participants actifs à l'entreprise juridique. L'orientation vers un processus législatif axé sur la participation dans un contexte international marqué par la multiplicité des collectivités juridiques, des dynamiques religieuses et des conflits non étatiques pourrait améliorer l'adhésion et la conformité au DIH en le rendant plus légitime et riche de sens dans l'esprit des acteurs concernés. L'écart comblé entre la vision opérationnelle et la vision juridique au sein du CICR pourrait servir l'objectif opérationnel de protéger les victimes de conflits armés, et l'objectif juridique d'améliorer le respect du droit.
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Barrantes-Reynolds, María-Paula. "Legal pluralism in the constitution of Bolivia of 2009 : between multiculturalism and plurinationalism." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/37599.
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This thesis examines the role of human rights discourse in a decolonisation project. It focuses on ‘legal pluralism’, which in Bolivia refers to the constitutional recognition of indigenous legal orders, in the Constitution of Bolivia of 2009. This Constitution was the result of a cycle of social protests in Bolivia between 2000-2005 against neoliberalism, imperialism and colonialism headed by indigenous and peasant organisations that culminated in a Constituent Assembly Process (2006-2009). The thesis takes an transdisciplinary approach in order to define the concepts of legal pluralism, decolonization and indigenous autonomy in the Constitution, as well as to understand the way indigenous movements, the state and other political actors deploy the discourse of indigenous collective rights. The theoretical approach to indigenous rights is also transdisciplinary and focused on the problematization of the notions of culture, indigenous subject and indigenous law in international human rights law and in Bolivia’s current legal framework. The main findings of the research are that the Constitution adopts two competing paradigms in relation to the regulation of state-indigenous relations in general and legal pluralism in specific: a human rights approach and plurinationalism. However, because of the political context of the Constituent Assembly, the predominant approach in the Constitution is the human rights approach. The main argument of the thesis is that the this approach is in tension with plurinationalism because of the predominance in international human rights law of a reifying perspective of indigenous legal orders and cultures and a primitivist conception of indigeneity. The human rights approach therefore limits radical proposals such as the equal hierarchy of state law and indigenous legal orders, as proposed in the context of plurinationalism. In addition, because of its use of a cultural difference paradigm, currently the human rights approach, particularly in the context of judicial cases, depoliticises race and conflicts related to indigenous peoples by dissociating them from existing political and economic structures. Indigenous collective rights in this context become a (neoliberal) form of governmentality that contributes to the legitimation of these structures and the formation of a ‘permitted’ indigenous subject.
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ALQAWASMI, AMAL YOUSEF OMAR. "Muslim Family Law in the Legal Pluralism System in Europe, Justifications and Conflicts." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/385020.
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Nella rivoluzione silenziosa che i diritti di famiglia stanno attraversando negli ultimi decenni in Europa a seguito delle nuove tendenze socio-culturali, il diritto di famiglia musulmano è stato al centro di particolare attenzione, in quanto la comunità musulmana sta diventando una realtà visibile delle società pluralistiche europee. I dati empirici evidenziano che le disposizioni del diritto di famiglia musulmano vengono applicate in modo non ufficiale, in quanto non accolte all’interno dei sistemi legali europei. Al contempo, vi è l’esigenza di applicare queste disposizioni per la famiglia, in quanto strettamente legate al diritto religioso sia della sfera familiare che dell’identità religiosa. Questa situazione sta generando nuove sfide legali e sociali in Europa in quanto la mancanza di ufficialità ha portato a diritti di famiglia non tutelati e ad incertezze in sede legale. Inoltre, vi è una seria preoccupazione che ciò possa dare luogo all’interno delle società europee a comunità segregate che regolano le questioni riguardanti la famiglia al di fuori del controllo dello Stato. Da qui emergono notevoli responsabilità e problematiche complesse per i sistemi giuridici europei. Questa tesi si propone di discutere le ragioni fondamentali e le reali sfide del diritto di famiglia musulmano in Europa all’interno delle principali tematiche che seguono: in primis, il quadro giuridico del diritto religioso e della famiglia nell’applicazione del codice religioso di famiglia. In secondo luogo, l’applicabilità del Diritto Privato Internazionale nel riconoscimento e implementazione delle disposizioni del diritto di famiglia musulmano in Europa. In terzo luogo, il caso studio dell’applicazione non ufficiale del diritto di famiglia musulmano in Italia, comparato con i risultati di studi effettuati in altri paesi europei. Infine, le principali sfide relative alle questioni del pluralismo legale e dei diritti umani, incluso il quadro giuridico del diritto di famiglia musulmano. Ciò che è principalmente emerso è la complessità della tematica, dove è fondamentale adottare un approccio interdisciplinare a livello socio-legale, per trovare soluzioni concrete nelle società pluralistiche europee attraverso un maggiore coinvolgimento della legge di stato e una migliore comprensione delle sfide che la giurisprudenza e i musulmani affrontano.Abstract In the silent revolution that family laws in Europe have witnessed over the past decades as a result of new social and cultural tendencies, Muslim family law has been the focus of particular attention since Muslims are becoming a visible part of European pluralistic societies. Empirical data shows that Muslim family provisions are being applied unofficially since there is no official accommodation within the European legal system. At the same time there is a need for these family provisions which are strongly connected with religious rights in family life as well as religious identity. This situation is bringing new legal and social challenges in Europe since the lack of officiality has led to unprotected family rights and legal uncertainty. Moreover, there is deep concern of creating segregated communities within the European societies that regulate their family issues outside the control of the state. All this brings to the scene important responsibilities and challenging issues for the European legal system. This thesis discusses the meaningful justifications and real challenges of Muslim family law in Europe in the following main areas: First, the legal framework of religious and family rights when applying a religious family code. Second, the applicability of International Private Law when recognizing and implementing Muslim family law provisions within Europe. Third, the unofficial Muslim family law applied in Italy, as a study case, in comparison to the results of studies in other European countries. Fourth, the main challenges when addressing and dealing with legal pluralism and human rights concerns, including Muslim family law. The major finding is the complexity of this issue, where an interdisciplinary socio–legal approach is essential in order to find concrete solutions for pluralistic European societies through the greater engagement of state law and a better understanding of the challenges that face the legal system and individual Muslims.
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Solanki, Gopika. "Adjudication in religious family laws : cultural accommodation, legal pluralism, and women's rights in India." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=103294.
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Multi-religious and multi-ethnic democracies face the challenge of constructing accommodative arrangements that can both facilitate cultural diversity and ensure women's rights within religio-cultural groups. This thesis is an investigation of the Indian state's policy of legal pluralism in recognition of religious family laws in India. The Indian state has adopted a model of what I have termed "shared adjudication" in which the state shares its adjudicative authority with internally heterogeneous religious groups and civil society in the regulation of marriage among Hindus and Muslims.Combining theoretical frameworks of state-society relations, feminist theory, and legal pluralism, and drawing from ethnographic research conducted in state courts, caste and sect councils, and "doorstep law courts," I pay analytical attention to state-society interactions at the interface of religious family laws. State and non-state sources of legal authority construct internally contested and heterogeneous notions of the conjugal family, gender relations, and religious membership, and they transmit them across legal spheres. These dynamic processes of communication reconstitute the interiors of religious, state, and civic legal orders, and they fracture the homogenised religious identities grounded in hierarchical gender relations within the conjugal family.
Within the interstices of state and society---which are used imaginatively by state and societal actors---the Indian model points towards an open-ended and process-oriented conception of state-society relations that encompasses not only the binary of conflict and cooperation, but also communication between state and society. The "shared adjudication" model facilitates diversity as it allows the construction of hybrid religious identities, creates fissures in ossified group boundaries, and provides institutional spaces for ongoing inter-societal dialogue between religious groups, civil society, and the state. This pluralized legal sphere, governed by ideologically diverse legal actors, can thus increase women's rights in law, and despite its limitations, the transformative potential of women's collective agency effects institutional change.
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Chowdhury, Rokeya. "Land dispute resolution in the Chittagong Hill Tracts: caught between liberalism and legal pluralism." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=114612.
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This thesis highlights how the indigenous people (Jummas) in the Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT), Bangladesh survived with their distinct identity despite land and resource alienation over a century. This survival makes the CHT a field of legal pluralism, where the Jumma land title and community ownership has retained space competing with state imposed discriminatory laws. I argue that the state law regime in the CHT is based on the hegemony of Bangalee nationalism rather than legal pluralism. The ineffectiveness of the Land Dispute Resolution Commission for over a decade is directly linked to the non-recognition of legal pluralism and a bias for assimilation. The state is systemically depriving the Jummas from their land and resources and relying on liberalist claim of autonomy and equal worth of citizens for justification. Given the legal and constitutional framework of the country the pluralistic claims of the Jummas for control over land and resources are always weighed against these principles. Therefore, the study assesses what the state has to offer for legal pluralism operating within a liberal framework. By analyzing different tenets of liberalism the study concludes that liberalism can at best offer a lesser form of legal pluralism; as it avoids recognition of collective rights at any cost. Collective rights are central to the Jumma land tenure and identity. Therefore, the thesis does not suggest any definitive steps for placing Jumma land rights within the liberal framework. Rather it stresses for a dialogue between the two separate national identities and legal traditions in the context of historical deprivation of the Jummas.Cette thèse souligne la façon dont la communauté indigène (Jumma) dans les monts de Chittagong (Chittagong Hill Tracts – CHT), au Bangladesh, a maintenu une identité distincte malgré l'aliénation des terres et des ressources de ses membres durant plus d'un siècle. La survie de cette identité fait des CHT un champ de pluralisme juridique, où le titre foncier et la propriété communautaire jumma ont conservé un espace qui est en concurrence avec des lois discriminatoires imposées par l'État. J'argumente que le régime législatif de l'État appliqué dans les CHT est fondé sur l'hégémonie du nationalisme bangladais plutôt que sur le pluralisme juridique. L'inefficacité de la Commission des règlements des différends territoriaux, en anglais (LDRC) est directement liée à la non-reconnaissance du pluralisme juridique et à une tendance à l'assimilation, durant plus d'une décennie. De façon systémique, l'État prive les Jumma de leurs terres et ressources sous prétexte d'instaurer l'autonomie et l'égalité du droit selon l'idéologie libéraliste. Compte tenu du cadre législatif et constitutionnel du pays, les revendications pluralistes des Jumma pour le contrôle de leurs terres et ressources sont toujours soupesées contre ces principes. Ainsi, cette étude évalue ce que l'État peut offrir pour que le pluralisme juridique opère dans un cadre libéral. Par l'analyse des différents principes du libéralisme, cette étude conclut que le libéralisme peut, tout au mieux, offrir une forme atténuée de pluralisme juridique, comme elle évite la reconnaissance des droits collectifs à n'importe que prix. Les droits collectifs sont au cœur de l'occupation des terres et de l'identité des Jumma. Ainsi, cette thèse ne suggère aucune mesure définitive pour inclure les droits fonciers de Jumma dans le cadre libéral. En revanche, elle insiste sur la nécessité d'un dialogue entre les deux identités nationales distinctes et les traditions juridiques dans le contexte de privation historique des Jumma.
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Ercanbrack, Jonathan G. "The law of Islamic finance in the United Kingdom : legal pluralism and financial competition." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2011. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/13598/.
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The extant literature concerning the Law of Islamic Finance (LIF) is dominated by illustrations of Islamic financial contracts and critiques of the way in which the sharia has been circumvented. Much less emphasis has been placed on understanding the regulatory and financial environment in which the LIF is formed and practiced. This thesis considers the challenges in formulating and implementing a modern, transnational LIF in the conventional financial and legal environment and offers solutions to these problems. It demonstrates the way in which the classical sharia is transformed by these challenges into a LIF, a hybrid law resulting from pluralistic legal interaction and financial competition. In assessing the manner and impact of implementing the LIF in the United Kingdom, the thesis considers the interaction of the sharia with English law, UK financial services law and international regulatory standards. Comparative law methodology, with a particular emphasis upon legal pluralism and legal transplants, are employed. The sharia, a relatively stateless law, is the inspiration behind Islamic financial contracts. Dominated by transnational corporate interests, Islamic financial ijtihad represents the strategy to adapt conventional financial contracts to sharia criteria. The results are hybrid structures that conform to Islamic legal theory but which generate municipal legal challenges in practice, as well as sharia-compliance risks. Such structures have been integrated in English law with the creation of tax exemptions and novel regulatory classifications that treat these structures as loan arrangements and debt-based instruments. Furthermore, Islamic financial transactions are subject to UK financial services regulation, which itself incorporates European Union financial directives and Basel Capital Adequacy Standards. Finally, Islamic financial contracts, which are often governed by English law, face challenges in English courts concerning parties' choice of the sharia as the proper law of their contract. Arbitration, on the other hand, offers parties the autonomy to choose the sharia as the substantive law of their contract and to have it enforced under English law. The wide range of challenges in articulating and implementing a LIF demonstrate the hybrid nature of the law, resulting from pluralistic legal interaction in modern financial markets. This pivotal insight may encourage scholars and practitioners to revise their conception of the LIF and, by extension, their view of the industry and its financial practices. In sum, the LIF is a modern, transnational law that derives its inspiration from the classical Islamic tradition of commerce but which has been innovated in ways that distinguish it as an emergent law in its own right.
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Radilofe, Randianina. "Enclavement juridique investissements internationaux. Essai sur un phénomène de droit transnational dans les pays en développement." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR0011.
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Jugé excessivement protecteur à l’égard des investisseurs étrangers au cours des deux dernières décennies, le droit international des investissements fait face aujourd’hui à une crise de légitimité́. L’industrie extractive est particulièrement touchée par ces critiques par les différentes allégations d’atteintes aux droits de l’homme et droit de l’environnement, et dont le traitement par les tribunaux d’investissement reste limité. En outre, le système juridique des pays en développement étant d’une part, fragmenté par l’articulation entre un droit local, national et international, voire transnationale par les nouveaux modes de régulation transnationale privée, et d’autre part, gangrené́ par des dérives corruptives, les populations locales ont un accès limité à la justice en cas de litiges avec les multinationales. En effet, la pratique consiste à̀ délocaliser le droit applicable au contrat d’investissement par les différentes techniques développées par le droit international, et singulièrement par les clauses contractuelles et l’arbitrage transnational. Cette étude propose donc de développer la notion « d’enclavement juridique» pour décrire ce phénomène auquel font face les pays en développement, et comprendre les raisons pour lesquelles l’investissement étranger, pourtant au centre de la concurrence des systèmes juridiques, a des impacts limités et localisés sur le développement de l’État hôteConsidered as offering overprotection, international investment law faced a crisis of legitimacy. The extractive industry is particularly affected by criticisms of various allegations of human rights violations and environmental law, and their treatment by investment courts remains limited. Furthermore, the legal system of developing countries are fragmented by the articulation among local, national and international law, even transnational law with private regulations, and affected by corruptive drifts, the local populations have limited access to justice when disputes with multinationals occur. As a matter of fact, the practice consists of relocating the law applicable to the investment contract by the various techniques developed by international law, and particularly contractual clauses and transnational arbitration. This thesis develops the concept of "legal enclosure" to describe this phenomenon, and to explain the limited and localized impacts of foreign investments on the development of the host State
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Curi, Melissa Volpato. "Antropologia jurídica: um estudo do direito Kamaiurá." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2011. http://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/2252.
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Based on the recognition of legal pluralism, this thesis aims to analyze the norms that are specific to the Kamayurá indigenous people. From an internal perspective, the aim is to investigate the regulatory mechanisms that govern this society and the way that such rules are manifested on their oral expression and customs. The assumptions are based on research of the alleged inferiority of customary law in relation to positive law in force. In order to verify legal monism theoretical foundations, questions are raised on the veracity of the proposition according to what the written law, codified and based on the figure of the State, promotes more legal certainty than the common law, characterized by orality and the absence of the State. The analyses made in this work are based on theoretical and empirical research. By undergoing a literature review, it is intended to discuss the treatment given by State law to indigenous rights and to demonstrate the importance of recognizing legal pluralism in order to secure ethnic diversity in the country and for the construction of intercultural dialogue. To elucidate this plurality, Kamaiurá society is used as a study case, being this society structured by rules immersed in their social body. The field surveys, which were divided into two stages, allowed identifying the way customary law is organized in relation to the dynamics of this society. In general terms, the research demonstrates that the regulation and organization of the Kamaiurá society are not dependent upon positive law in force. They communicate in an effective way their entire cultural structure to set standards of social behavior, adopting postures sometimes rigid, sometimes more flexible. Taking into account the valorization of the community, rules enforcement is guided by joint deliberation, which transcends the idea of an unchanging traditionalism in order to ensure social welfare
Com base no reconhecimento do pluralismo jurídico, a presente tese tem por objetivo fazer uma análise das normas próprias do povo indígena Kamaiurá. A partir de uma perspectiva interna, pretende-se levantar quais os mecanismos normativos que regulam esta sociedade e como essas regras se manifestam diante da oralidade e dos costumes. As hipóteses se fundam na investigação da suposta inferioridade do direito consuetudinário frente ao direito positivo vigente. Buscando verificar as bases teóricas do monismo jurídico, questiona-se a veracidade da proposta de que o direito escrito, codificado e fundado na figura do Estado promove mais certezas jurídicas do que o direito costumeiro, caracterizado pela oralidade e pela ausência do Estado. As análises do trabalho se baseiam em pesquisas teóricas e empíricas. Por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica, pretende-se discutir o tratamento dado pelo direito estatal aos direitos indígenas e demonstrar a importância do reconhecimento do pluralismo jurídico para a garantia da diversidade étnica no país e para construção do diálogo intercultural. Para elucidar a referida pluralidade, tem-se como estudo de caso a sociedade Kamaiurá, que se estrutura por meio de normas imersas no corpo social. As pesquisas de campo, divididas em duas etapas, permitiram identificar como o direito costumeiro se organiza diante da dinâmica própria da sociedade em questão. Em linhas gerais, a pesquisa demonstra que a regulação e a organização da sociedade Kamaiurá independem do direito positivo vigente. De forma eficaz, comunicam toda a sua estrutura cultural para definir os padrões de conduta social, adotando, ora posturas rígidas, ora posturas mais flexíveis. Considerando a valorização da coletividade, a aplicação da norma se orienta pela deliberação conjunta, que para assegurar o bem-estar social transcende a ideia de um tradicionalismo imutável
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Luluaki, John Yavavu Yakienjo. "Customary family law in Yangoru : implications of legal pluralism in a Papua New Guinea society." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386093.
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Yilmaz, Ihsan. "Dynamic legal pluralism and the reconstruction of unofficial Muslim laws in England, Turkey and Pakistan." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313522.
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Anker, Kirsten. "The unofficial law of native title indigenous rights, state recognition and legal pluralism in Australia /." Connect to full text, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/2294.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 2007.Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Faculty of Law, University of Sydney. Degree awarded 2007. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print form.
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Baldarelli, Margherita. "Large-Scale Land Acquisitions and Legal Pluralism in Africa: The Case of Zambia and Ghana." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/369056.
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The last decade saw an increase in foreign investor interest in the acquisition of agricultural land in the global South. This phenomenon has come to be defined as land grabbing, due to the controversial nature of land deals and their impact on the livelihood of rural populations. According to recent estimates, more than 60 percent of these acquisitions have taken place in sub-Saharan Africa, a region characterized by inherently pluralistic legal systems.
In line with regional trends, Ghana and Zambia have been targeted by foreign investors interested in acquiring large tracks of land for agricultural purposes. Land tenure systems of these two countries are the complex outcome of hybrid legal orders that stratified over the centuries. In particular, the role of traditional authorities, i.e., chiefs, in land management is still prominent, as respectively 80 and 94 percent of land are regulated by customary law.
By adopting a legal pluralist perspective, this thesis looks at the dynamics between customary and statutory tenure in Ghana and Zambia in light of contemporary land investment processes, which are critically discussed from a multi-disciplinary angle. By outlining land tenure systems, a legal analysis of the framework in which land investments are negotiated is provided. In particular, this thesis focuses on the process through which investors access land in Ghana and Zambia, by discussing the procedures and guarantees envisioned by national legislation and customary law. Together with a critical analysis of land legislation in the two countries, it illustrates large-scale acquisition cases and incorporates insights from empirical research conducted in rural districts. It then offers a comparison of investment practices in the two countries to illustrate the main challenges that large-scale land acquisition pose at the local level.
This thesis contributes to the literature on land investments and to the broader global land debate by focusing on the pluralist nature of the land tenure systems of Ghana and Zambia and discussing empirical evidence of land acquisition practices.
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Baldarelli, Margherita. "Large-Scale Land Acquisitions and Legal Pluralism in Africa: The Case of Zambia and Ghana." Doctoral thesis, University of Trento, 2018. http://eprints-phd.biblio.unitn.it/2903/1/Baldarelli_Margherita_PhD_Thesis.pdf.
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The last decade saw an increase in foreign investor interest in the acquisition of agricultural land in the global South. This phenomenon has come to be defined as land grabbing, due to the controversial nature of land deals and their impact on the livelihood of rural populations. According to recent estimates, more than 60 percent of these acquisitions have taken place in sub-Saharan Africa, a region characterized by inherently pluralistic legal systems.
In line with regional trends, Ghana and Zambia have been targeted by foreign investors interested in acquiring large tracks of land for agricultural purposes. Land tenure systems of these two countries are the complex outcome of hybrid legal orders that stratified over the centuries. In particular, the role of traditional authorities, i.e., chiefs, in land management is still prominent, as respectively 80 and 94 percent of land are regulated by customary law.
By adopting a legal pluralist perspective, this thesis looks at the dynamics between customary and statutory tenure in Ghana and Zambia in light of contemporary land investment processes, which are critically discussed from a multi-disciplinary angle. By outlining land tenure systems, a legal analysis of the framework in which land investments are negotiated is provided. In particular, this thesis focuses on the process through which investors access land in Ghana and Zambia, by discussing the procedures and guarantees envisioned by national legislation and customary law. Together with a critical analysis of land legislation in the two countries, it illustrates large-scale acquisition cases and incorporates insights from empirical research conducted in rural districts. It then offers a comparison of investment practices in the two countries to illustrate the main challenges that large-scale land acquisition pose at the local level.
This thesis contributes to the literature on land investments and to the broader global land debate by focusing on the pluralist nature of the land tenure systems of Ghana and Zambia and discussing empirical evidence of land acquisition practices.
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Link, Astrid. "Descriptive and normative aspects of the theory of legal pluralism : illustrated by problems of media regulation." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=31170.
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This thesis explores the potential of the theory of legal pluralism. It examines the extent to which such a theory can contribute to an understanding of the regulatory crisis of the nation-state and serve as a point of departure for new regulatory approaches. A historical overview which looks at the disciplinary origins of legal pluralism is followed by an analysis of several legal pluralist concepts. This analysis serves as the basis for an elaboration of the descriptive and normative aspects of legal pluralism. The concept is compared with other social theories which are concerned with similar questions as legal pluralism. To illustrate the legal pluralist approach, same specific examples from the media sector are introduced. The thesis concludes by showing where a legal pluralist analysis might be appropriate and, moreover, how the theory can contribute to regulatory ways alternative to direct state intervention and market conceptions.
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Omari, Navonaeli. "Legal pluralism in environmental management : informal rules and non-compliance in the Karbonkelberg Marine Protected Area." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4791.
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Cassel, Par Kristoffer. "Rule of law or rule of laws: Legal pluralism and extraterritoriality in nineteenth century East Asia." [S.I. : s.n.], 2006. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/150373677.html.
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Bassi, Michelle Platt. "Ethical Issues of Water Resource Management in a Changing Climate: Equity and Legal Pluralism in Chile." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/10620.
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xi, 129 p. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.Climate change is disrupting the underpinnings of effective water management by profoundly impacting hydrological patterns. Political entities mandated with freshwater management must respond to society's water needs as availability fluctuates and, in doing so, will encounter difficult ethical dilemmas because existing water laws are ill-equipped to resolve such problems. This thesis takes Chile's water laws as representative of the challenges in addressing ethical disparities arising from freshwater management in a changing climate and proposes that "water ethics" can effectively be used to manage freshwater resources. I examine the 1981 Water Code with a critical eye towards ethical shortcomings and also examine distributive impacts upon indigent farmers and indigenous communities. I conclude that Chile's existing water laws are inequitable because they deny legitimacy to diverse socio-cultural norms regarding water use. Principles of modern water laws must incorporate diverse cultural water laws using a legally pluralistic and ethical approach to management.
Committee in Charge: Dr. Anita M. Weiss, Chair; Professor Derrick Hindery; Professor Stuart Chinn
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Kwok, David. "Underworld justice in Imperial China and its continuing influence in Hong Kong." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ea37d049-21b2-4a3d-895f-4311d0c1d89a.
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This thesis explores the imagery of underworld justice, and its associated beliefs and practices, as they developed throughout Chinese imperial history. Certain elements of the Chinese imperial legal system, including judges and trials, and laws and codes, were borrowed by the Daoists and applied to their construct of the afterlife. Underworld justice beliefs and practices flourished throughout China's imperial past, and are still influential to some devotees in today's Hong Kong. Among the various questions that are explored, this thesis examines the place of underworld justice in the legal consciousness, or everyday law, of the devotees in contemporary Hong Kong. There are two dimensions to this thesis: historical and empirical. In the historical part, I trace the development of underworld justice beliefs and practices in imperial China. I analyse some of the characteristics and rituals of underworld justice, and relate them to the imperial laws and procedures upon which they were modelled. Such tracing allows us to discern the considerable overlap between the imperial legal system and underworld justice beliefs and practices. In the empirical part, I present data gathered at mainly three City God temples in Hong Kong. Such data involve conversations with Daoist and Buddhist priests, temple keepers and devotees. The data gathered not only shed light on the general state of City God veneration in contemporary Hong Kong, but also the influence of underworld justice on the devotees' understanding of law. The data reveal that the studied devotees regard underworld justice, which administers the law of karma, as superior to the state legal system. Hence, underworld justice is not considered as an informal dispute resolution process alternative to that of the state, but as a mechanism that can intervene in court cases, due to its being more authoritative.
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Karaa, Skander. "Les juges de l'activité professionnelle sportive. : Contribution à l'étude des relations entre pluralisme juridique et pluralisme de justice." Thesis, Limoges, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIMO0053.
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L’activité professionnelle des acteurs sportifs suscite de la conflictualité. Les litiges qui en découlent sont extrêmement diversifiés. Matériellement, ils sont de nature associative ou contractuelle, administrative ou judiciaire, sociale, fiscale ou pénale, disciplinaire ou non disciplinaire. Territorialement, ils sont de dimension nationale ou internationale. Tous s’inscrivent dans un système de sources particulièrement étoffées : à des normes imposées aux acteurs (normes sportives, étatiques, supra-étatiques) se superposent des normes négociées par eux. Créant des interactions inévitables entre ces ensembles juridiques, un tel pluralisme juridique est à l’origine d’un véritable pluralisme de justice aux incidences processuelles et matérielles fortes.D’un point de vue processuel, qu’ils soient situés dans un ordre juridique national ou rattachés à un ordre juridique supranational ou transnational, les organes de justice ont des caractéristiques et des pouvoirs forts différents, mais répondent néanmoins à des logiques procédurales communes. Si les principes de répartition entre les divers modes de justice diffèrent selon que le litige sportif demeure dans la sphère nationale ou dépasse celle-ci, il reste que, dans leur ensemble, les juges interviennent dans une relation de combinaison, de complémentarité, plutôt que dans un rapport d’opposition.D’un point de vue du droit substantiel, cette démultiplication des juges n’en est pas pour autant malheureuse dans la mesure où ce pluralisme de justice vient, de son côté, opportunément consacrer et alimenter le pluralisme juridique sportif. Forts de leur action jurisprudentielle normative, ces juges, ces arbitres, participent, par une action isolée ou parfois dans le cadre d’un dialogue constructif, à une régulation adaptée et cohérente des différends liés à l’activité professionnelle des acteurs sportifs, en tenant compte des particularités de l’organisation du mouvement sportif et des rapports juridiques noués par ces derniers.Si bien qu’en définitive, les relations entre les phénomènes de pluralisme juridique et de pluralisme de justice participent d’un règlement des litiges sportifs fédéraux et de travail généralement conforme aux principes élémentaires de bonne justice et paraissant résolument adapté aux spécificités de l’activité professionnelle sportive. Ne serait-ce pas là, au fond, l’illustration saillante d’un « pluralisme ordonné » qui tend à respecter la diversité tout en permettant une harmonie d’ensemble ?The professional activity of those involved in sport provokes much conflict. Consequent disputes are extremely diverse. Materially, they are associative or contractual, administrative or legal, social, fiscal or criminal, disciplinary or non-disciplinary in nature. Territorially, they are national or international. All fit into a particularly robust system of sources: norms imposed on actors (sporting rules, state rules, and supranational rules) overlap with norms negotiated by them. Creating inevitable interactions between these legal entities, such legal pluralism is the source of a true pluralism of justice with strong litigation and material consequences.From a procedural standpoint, whether they are attached to a national legal system or a supranational or transnational one, legal bodies have strongly different characteristics and powers, yet still meet a common procedural logic. In general, judges intervene with a combination and a complementary approach, rather than in an adversarial relationship, even if the principles of distribution between the various methods of justice differ, whether a sporting dispute remains within the domestic sphere or exceeds it. From a substantive law standpoint, this multiplication of judges is not necessarily unfortunate in so far as this pluralism of justice appropriately consecrates and nourishes legal sporting pluralism. With their normative case law actions, these judges and arbitrators take part by acting alone or sometimes within a constructive dialogue, to an appropriate and consistent regulation of disputes relating to the professional activity of those involved in sport. This takes into account the peculiarities of the organisation of sport and the legal relationships established by these actors.Whereby, ultimately, the relationships between legal pluralism and pluralism of justice are part of a general settlement of federal sporting disputes and working disputes that generally conform to the basic principles of fair justice and appearing resolutely adapted to the specificities of professional sporting activity. Does this not illustrate an “ordered pluralism ?
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Iyioha, Irehobhude Otibhor. "Health governance, medical pluralism and the politics of integration : a legal theory for increasing access to healthcare." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/34560.
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This thesis investigates why and how extant systems of health governance and the associated boundaries of legitimacy imposed by these systems impact on the realization of key healthcare objectives. It contends that while purporting to represent a universally valid approach to healthcare delivery, the transposed laws/institutions that underlie these governance systems are of themselves designed to address health and health systems-related problems through methods often unsuited to the unique experiential dynamics that ought to shape governance in any given society. This thesis responds to this disparity between governance regimes and societal realities by advancing dual healthcare reform initiatives. First, it espouses the concept of medical integration—consistent with the recommendations of the World Health Organization, which involves the systemic synthesis of indigenous, complementary, alternative and biomedical healthcare resources. Second, since medical integration faces legal complications—which are products of decontextualized governance systems that are incompatible with the pluralistic nature of healthcare usage/delivery in underserved populations – this thesis proposes that health equity is dependent on a new approach to governance sustained by a reformed legal process in which legal policies reflect socio-economic, geo-cultural, and political-historical dynamics. Drawing insights from Lon Fuller‘s interactional law theory and Felix Cohen‘s functional jurisprudence, this study propounds a theory of integral governance—herein denoted as Integrated Governance—which offers a legal and institutional framework for medical integration. Integrated Governance is first a theory of law centering on the institutionalization of laws that embody empirical trends and a theory of democratic governance advancing an interactive and interdependent relationship between the state, health professionals of multiple healthcare paradigms, consumers, and relevant non-state actors. The thesis applies research outcomes from two Canadian cities and four Nigerian urban and rural communities to support its contentions. By identifying in both countries prevalent clinical practices that complement trends in consumer healthcare behaviour, and highlighting disparities between these practices/trends and extant governance regimes, the research substantiates the underlying thesis of this study – that this disparity represents a failure of governance. The research further supports the thesis that governance must be restructured to produce functional healthcare institutions that address the needs of legal subjects.
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Diriwari, Wilson Ola. "Efficacy of the legal frameworks for child protection in Nigeria." Thesis, Brunel University, 2017. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/14781.
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This research evaluates the potential challenges to a total eradication of child trafficking in Nigeria. The magnitude of the problem, as well as its despicable nature, triggered increasing legislations in Nigeria in recent years. This research shows that despite the remarkable efforts in term of law and policy approaches the problem appears to persist. The objective of the research is to demonstrate that law and policies approaches to addressing the issue are not proving effective. It appears that several socio-cultural issues related to child trafficking remain unaddressed. Despite the wealth of knowledge in relation to the topic there is a gap in literature. Indeed the existing gap in literature regarding child trafficking in Nigeria is evidenced by the fact that no adequate way forward has been indicated to overcome the phenomenon. In an attempt to fil the existing gap this research inquires whether the non-achievement of goals in combatting child trafficking is imputable to the lack of toughness in the spirit of the laws and policies or the lack of efficacy due to ineffective implementation and enforcement. By proving the appropriate answers to these crucial questions the research may not only fil the existing gap in literature by also offer the adequate approach to be taken by law and policy makers and other stakeholders in the fight against child trafficking to overcome the problem. The approach taken in conducting this research is textual analysis or doctrinal analysis and deconstruction of the enforcement mechanisms of human trafficking laws and policies in Nigeria in general. However Nigeria has sufficiently domesticated international human trafficking legislation and Human Rights instruments, the issue of enforcement remains a crucial element in achieving the ultimate goal of total eradication. Where such prospect appears unattainable, it is necessary to adopt a holistic approach to combatting child trafficking in order to achieve the ultimate goal of total eradication.
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Mutloane, Mphati Ntebaleng. "Post-Apartheid Legislative Recognition of Traditional Leaders in South Africa: Weak Legal Pluralism in the Guise of Deep Legal Pluralism An analysis and critique of the legislative framework for the recognition of traditional leadership in South Africa under the 1996 Constitution." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15202.
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This study explores the limitations of recognising traditional leadership as institution through legislation. The legislative recognition of traditional leadership has serious implications for the processes of change within customary law from 'official' customary law to 'living' customary law. The advent of the 1996 Constitution and its emphasis on freedom, dignity, equality and accountability has opened up avenues for democratic political participation, which is changing the nature of customary law through a bottom-up process involving community members in the evolution of customary law. This process of evolution draws on various sources of law, including aspects of official customary law, community norms and procedures as well as the Constitution, particularly rights discourse. Deep legal pluralism has taken root through living customary law and is changing the way in which community members relate to traditional leaders by empowering rural citizens to demand accountability from traditional leaders. Legislative recognition of traditional leadership has been characterised as necessary for the restoration of the dignity of African justice systems. Though constitutionally sanctioned through the rule of law, the legislative framework recognising and regulating traditional leaders has had a negative impact on the processes of change and democratisation described above at grassroots level. Gaining an understanding of these consequences and how they have come about is at the heart of this study, especially given that they are unintended consequences of a government policy meant to improve the lives of rural citizens. Legal pluralism as a theory of law provides a critical lens through which the shortcomings of legislation recognising traditional leadership can be perceived, and probing questions can be asked about the effect of state law on non-state legal orders. However, in South Africa the situation is quite complicated given that the distinction between state law and non-state law with regard to African customary law is not always easy to make. The two systems have existed not only in juxtaposition for many years, but have bled into each other in layered ways. These layers have been moulded very deeply through the influence of various politicolegal orders in existence at particular times and their impact on social relations in South African society. As a theory of law, legal pluralism is used in this study to try and peel back a few of these layers, enabling observation and analysis of how the distribution of political power from the different politico-legal frameworks of governance in South Africa namely, colonialism, apartheid, and constitutional democracy, have shaped traditional leadership; and the impact of these processes on the power relationships between traditional leaders and rural citizens. Law, mostly in the form of legislation, has been an important factor in the establishment, destruction, and re-establishment of these power relationships. This forms the basis of the study, at the end of which it is determined that although legislation is necessary for the recognition and regulation of traditional leadership, as a requirement of the rule of law, the current and proposed legislative framework for traditional leadership is an inappropriate framework. It centralises legislative, judicial and executive power in an unelected arm of government, namely traditional leaders, which is unconstitutional on the basis of the separation of powers principle which is a founding value of South Africa's constitutional democratic dispensation.
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Porter, Amanda Jayne. "Decolonising juvenile justice: Aboriginal patrols, safety and the policing of indigenous communities." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/12078.
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This thesis is about the decolonisation of juvenile justice in New South Wales. It considers how ‘decolonisation’ might be understood, realised and contested in Aboriginal communities in New South Wales. This thesis uses ‘Aboriginal Patrols’—a term which refers collectively to Night Patrols, Streetbeats and other forms of Aboriginal community policing—as a lens through which to critically examine contemporary issues in the policing of Indigenous Australian communities and, more broadly, as a way of exploring some of the complexities involved in thinking and practising the decolonisation of juvenile justice. This thesis consisted of an empirical study of Aboriginal Patrols in NSW from 1980 to present. It documents the development of Aboriginal Patrols, how they are perceived by the community and others, and the associated discourses surrounding them in policy and academic literature.
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Malfettes, Loic. "Le renouveau des sources du droit du travail." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0157.
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La présente recherche trouve son origine dans un constat de "crise" fait en doctrine ces dernières années à propos de la façon dont les sources se conçoivent aujourd'hui, ainsi que dans celui de profondes évolutions dans le champ plus spécifique du droit du travail.L’objet de l’étude est d’identifier les traits saillants du bouleversement annoncé. Il est question de vérifier si la représentation travailliste que l’on se fait des sources conduit effectivement dans une impasse épistémologique. Les impensés ou les anomalies identifiées conduiront alors à explorer le droit du travail contemporain et ses processus de création. Il pourra alors, à partir de cet ancrage, être envisagé de proposer un renouvellement théorique dont l’ambition est de proposer une meilleure appréhension de la réalité telle qu’elle se donne à voir dans cette matièreThe present research finds its origin in a finding of "crisis" in recent years about the way that legal sources are conceived today, as well in a finding of profound evolutions in the more specific field of labor law.The purpose of the study is to identify the salient features of the announced upheaval. It is a question of verifying if the dominant representation of labor law sources leads effectively to an epistemological stalemate. The unthought or anomalies identified will then lead to the exploration of contemporary labor law and its creation processes. It may then, from this anchorage, be considered to propose a theoretical renewal whose ambition is to propose a better apprehension of the reality as it is given to see in this matter
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Sarrouf, Muriel. "Les normes privées relatives à la qualité des produits : étude d’un phénomène juridique transnational." Thesis, Paris 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA020053/document.
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Les normes privées intéressent le droit international à un double titre : se développant en marge du système interétatique classique, elles constituent l’un des visages d’une régulation privée transnationale émergente et soulèvent la question théorique de leur statut en droit international. Par ailleurs, leurs effets sur le commerce international (et particulièrement le fait qu’elles constituent un obstacle aux exportations des PED vers les marchés occidentaux), conduisent à s’interroger sur l’opportunité et les modalités de leur réglementation par le droit international des échanges. En dépit de leur diversité empirique qui rend difficile toute tentative de systématisation et de qualification juridique, nous considérons que la qualité des produits, qui constitue le fondement téléologique commun des normes privées, permet d’en justifier l’unité théorique et de les considérer comme un phénomène juridique à part entière. Nous démontrerons que les normes privées sont l’une des manifestations d’un droit transnational se développant en parallèle du droit interétatique « classique » et qu’elles jouissent par conséquent d’un statut juridique propre. De ce fait, leurs rapports avec la branche du droit international qu’elles intéressent le plus directement, le droit international des échanges, ne peuvent se limiter à l’approche classique de réglementation (ou approche « répressive », en ce qu’elle a pour seul but d’en limiter les effets restrictifs pour le commerce) mais doivent se concevoir dans une optique de coordinationThe recent proliferation of private standards is not only of growing interest to economists who seek to evaluate its impact on trade flows; it is also relevant to international law, particularly to international economic law, in a double perspective. First, from the perspective of legal theory, the legal status of private standards has still to be determined. Second, from an empirical standpoint, private standards have the potential to negatively impact the access of developing countries to the markets of developed countries. This raises the question of the opportunity and modalities of submitting them to the disciplines of the WTO Agreements. This study demonstrates that private standards are one of the expressions of broader ‘transnational law’, a body of law that has been developing in parallel to ‘traditional’ state-centered international law. This implies that international law cannot merely consider private standards as an object to be disciplined; rather, the traditional ‘repressive’ approach should be rejected in favor of a more collaborative approach stressing the interrelations between the two bodies of norms as well as possible forms of coordination
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McMorrow, Thomas Bernard. "Critical to what? legal for whom? examining the implications of a critical legal pluralism for re-imagining the role of high school students in education law." Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=107590.
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In this dissertation, I critically examine the legal theoretical assumptions which underpin the burgeoning field of education law; that is, the area of law, legal practice and scholarship which focuses on the intersection of the education system and the legal system. Drawing on artistic depictions of everyday life in secondary school, sociological and anthropological studies, doctrinal legal materials and debates in legal theory, I problematise the ordinary, doctrinal way of imagining law and its relationship to human interaction within secondary schools. Building on critical legal pluralist theory, demonstrating its relevance to thinking about law in the secondary school context, and using reflections upon this context to in-turn, analyze critical legal pluralist theory, my aim is to offer a counterpoise to mainstream conceptualizations of the relationship between law and formal secondary education. I weigh arguments—methodological and ideological— for and against adopting a conception of law that is at once pluralist and critical. Presenting a fine-grained analysis of critical legal pluralism, I explain how and why adopting a critical legal pluralist perspective involves looking beyond explicit sites and modes of law and law-making to the processes of social ordering and forms of social interaction which constitute everyday life in school. While flagging potential perils of adopting a critical legal pluralist approach, I also show its promise for re-imagining the role of secondary school students in education law.Cette thèse propose un examen critique des présupposés de théorie du droit qui sous-tendent le domaine en pleine expansion du droit de l'éducation, soit le domaine du droit, de la pratique et de la doctrine juridiques intéressés par l'intersection des systèmes éducatif et juridique. À partir de sources allant de représentations artistiques de la vie de tous les jours à l'école secondaire, aux études sociologiques et anthropologiques, en passant par la doctrine juridique et les débats de théorie du droit, j'y problématise la manière habituelle et doctrinaire d'imaginer le droit en lien avec l'interaction sociale en milieu scolaire au secondaire. En élaborant sur la théorie du pluralisme juridique critique - démontrant sa pertinence pour penser le droit dans le contexte de l'école secondaire, et prenant appui sur ce contexte pour analyser à son tour la théorie du pluralisme juridique critique - mon objectif est de contrebalancer les idées reçues sur la relation entre le droit et l'éducation formelle au secondaire. Je soupèse les arguments - méthodologiques et idéologiques - pour et contre l'adoption d'une conception du droit qui soit à la fois pluraliste et critique. Soumettant le pluralisme juridique critique à une analyse minutieuse, j'explique comment et pourquoi l'adoption d'une perspective pluraliste critique exige que l'on porte attention, par-delà les sites traditionnels de production du droit et ses modes d'expression explicites, aux processus d'ordonnancement et aux formes d'interaction sociaux qui constituent la trame de la vie quotidienne à l'école. Tout en identifiant les risques que pose une approche pluraliste critique du droit, je montre aussi qu'il s'agit d'une approche prometteuse pour réimaginer le rôle des étudiants de l'école secondaire quant au droit de l'éducation.
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Teixeira, Clayton Erik. "Normatização e uso do território na metrópole paulistana: o caso da Operação Urbana Consorciada Água Branca." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8136/tde-18032015-124630/.
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O objetivo desta dissertação é analisar a implantação da Operação Urbana Consorciada Água Branca, localizada no distrito da Barra Funda, bem como a produção da lei que a regulamenta. Observou-se em campo e em pesquisas a órgãos ligados à Prefeitura Municipal de São Paulo que houve o direcionamento de recursos públicos para o fomento de atividades econômicas em detrimento de demandas sociais na área de estudo. Nossas categorias de análise foram o território usado e a norma, que utilizamos para compreender a construção de uma lei que visa à transformação dos usos do território de passado industrial e que agora incidem propostas de adensamento habitacional e de uso comercial. A produção normativa contou com a participação da sociedade civil, com destaque aos moradores da região e dos promotores imobiliários, mediados pelo Poder Público municipal, caracterizando, assim, um caso de pluralismo jurídico. Por meio das audiências públicas e de entrevistas realizadas com os vereadores, representantes dos moradores da área de estudo e do mercado imobiliário, verificou-se a conflituosa relação entre os diferentes setores da sociedade civil. Desta forma, a norma jurídica, criada em 2013, reflete os desejos e necessidades do uso do território do período atual no município de São Paulo evidenciando as práticas sociais vigentes e as especificidades do distrito da Barra FundaThe objective of this dissertation is to analyze the implementation of the Joint Urban Operation Agua Branca, located in the Barra Funda district; as well as the creation of the law that governs it. It was observed in the field and research, in this area of study, which was done with bodies linked to the Municipality of São Paulo that public resources were directed to the promotion of economic activities to the detriment of social demands. Our categories of analysis were: the used territory, and the standard, and were used to understand and help in the creation of a law aimed at the transformation of the use of the territory of an industrial past which is now proposed for housing and commercial use. The normative creation also took into consideration the participation of civil society, especially local residents and property developers, mediated by the municipal government, thus characterizing a case of legal pluralism. Through public hearings and interviews with councilors, representatives of the residents of the studied area and the real estate market, it was verified a conflicting relationship between the different sectors of civil society. Thus, the normative (rule of law), created in 2013 , reflects the desires and needs of the use of the territory of the current period (nowadays) São Paulo highlighting current social practices and the specifics of the Barra Funda district
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Pereira, Dimas Fonseca, and 92-99272-1246. "Entre a proteção e a degradação: um estudo sobre as denúncias de crimes ambientais envolvendo indígenas em Manaus." Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2017. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/6228.
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FAPEAM - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas
This dissertation addresses the theme of environmental regulation from the examination of the complaints examination of environmental crimes involving indigenous people with origins in the Middle rio Negro region, seeking to reflect on how the judicial process produces social effect of new perspectives of environmental risk on the indigenous criminalised by environmental legislation. We sought to show the point of view of indigenous and social groups in the region searched about control and supervision policy adopted by environmental agencies, the claims for recognition of the cultural specificities of the relationship between indigenous and environmental groups to formulate public policies differentiated and thus get contributes to new reflections on the perspectives of environmental protection in the Amazon.
Esta dissertação aborda o tema da regulação ambiental a partir do exame de denúncias de crimes ambientais envolvendo indígenas da região do médio rio Negro, buscando-se refletir sobre como o processo judicial produz como efeito social novas perspectivas do risco ambiental sobre os indígenas criminalizados pela Legislação Ambiental. Buscou-se evidenciar o ponto de vista de indígenas e grupos sociais da região pesquisada sobre a política de controle e fiscalização adotada pelos órgãos ambientais, bem as reivindicações de reconhecimento das especificidades culturais da relação entre grupos indígenas e meio ambiente para a formulação políticas publicas diferenciadas e, desta forma, buscar contribui para novas reflexões sobre a perspectivas da proteção ambiental no Amazonas.
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Neoh, Weng Fei Joshua. "Law, love and freedom." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/285411.
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How does one lead a life of law, love and freedom? This inquiry has very deep roots in the Judeo-Christian tradition. Indeed, the divergent answers to this inquiry mark the transition from Judeo to Christian. This dissertation returns to those roots to trace the routes that these ideas have taken as they move from the sacred to the secular. The argument of this dissertation is threefold. First, it argues that the concepts of law, love and freedom are each internally polarized. Each concept contains, within itself, conflicting values. Paul's equivocation in his letters is a striking manifestation of this internal polarization. Second, it argues that, while values are many, my life is one. Hence, one needs to combine the plurality of values within a singular life. Values find their coherence within a form of life. There are, at least, two ways of leading a life of law, love and freedom: monastic versus antinomian. Third, it argues that the Reformation transformed these religious ideals into political ideologies. The monastic ideal is politically manifested as constitutionalism, and the antinomian ideal is politically manifested as anarchism. There are, at least, two ways of creating a polity of law, love and freedom: constitutional versus anarchic. To mount the threefold argument, the dissertation deploys a whole range of disciplinary tools. The dissertation draws on analytic jurisprudence in its analysis of law; ethics and aesthetics in its analysis of love; political philosophy in its analysis of freedom; biblical scholarship in its interpretation of Paul; the history of ideas in its study of the formation and transformation of these ideas; and moral philosophy in concluding how one could lead a life of law, love and freedom.
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Oidtmann, Max Gordon. "Between Patron and Priest: Amdo Tibet Under Qing Rule, 1792-1911." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11276.
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In the late eighteenth century, a Qing-centered, pluralistic legal order emerged in the Tibetan regions of the Qing empire. In the Gansu borderlands known to Tibetans as "Amdo," the Qing state established subprefectures to administer indigenous populations and prepare them for integration into the empire. In the 1790s, the Qianlong emperor asserted the dynasty's sovereignty in central Tibet and embarked on a program to reform the Tibetan government. This dissertation examines the nineteenth-century legacy of these policies from the twin perspectives of the indigenous people of the region and the officials dispatched to manage them. On the basis of Manchu and Tibetan-language sources, Part One argues that the exercise of Qing sovereignty in central Tibet was connected to the Qianlong court's desire to monopolize indigenous arts of divination, especially as they related to the identification of prominent reincarnations. The Qing court exported a Ming-era bureaucratic technology--a lottery, and repurposed it as a divination technology--the Golden Urn. The successful implementation of this new ritual, however, hinged on the astute use of legal cases and the intervention of Tibetan Buddhist elites, who found a home for the Urn within indigenous traditions.East Asian Languages and Civilizations
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Ibekwe, Chibuko Raphael. "The legal aspects of cybercrime in Nigeria : an analysis with the UK provisions." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/22786.
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Cybercrime offences know no limits to physical geographic boundaries and have continued to create unprecedented issues regarding to the feasibility and legitimacy of applying traditional legislations based on geographic boundaries. These offences also come with procedural issues of enforcement of the existing legislations and continue to subject nations with problems unprecedented to its sovereignty and jurisdictions. This research is a critical study on the legal aspects of cybercrime in Nigeria, which examines how laws and regulations are made and applied in a well-established system to effectively answer questions raised by shortcomings on the implementation of cybercrime legislations, and critically reviews various laws in Nigeria relating or closely related to cybercrime. This research will provide insight into current global cybercrime legislations and the shortfalls to their procedural enforcement; and further bares the cybercrime issues in Nigeria while analysing and proffering a critique to the provisions as provided in the recently enacted Nigerian Cybercrime (Prohibition and Prevention) Act 2015, in contradistinction to the existing legal framework in the United Kingdom and the other regional enactments like the Council of Europe Convention on Cybercrime, African Union Convention on Cybersecurity and Personal Data Protection 2014, and the ECOWAS Directive on Cybercrime 2011.
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Birba, Mamoudou. "Droits fonciers et biodiversité au Burkina Faso : le cas de la province de la Sissili." Thesis, Limoges, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIMO0007.
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La thèse examine la corrélation entre droits fonciers et diversité biologique au Burkina Faso à travers l’exemple de la province de la Sissili où cohabitent divers acteurs. L’enjeu est celui d’un pluralisme juridique consécutif à la consécration du droit étatique dans les rapports juridiques à la terre, dans un contexte local où la cohésion sociale est confrontée à la survivance de droits endogènes écartés dans le processus de construction du droit national entamé dès la conquête coloniale du pays. Partant de la complexité et de l’évolution des liens sociaux, notamment les conflits fonciers entre acteurs aux référents juridiques différents, l’étude, dans une démarche anthropo-juridique, vise à engager une réflexion sur l’élaboration d’un modèle normatif d’accès au foncier à même de favoriser une gestion viable des rapports sociaux et de la biodiversité. Pour ce faire, elle appréhende la double dimension, légiférée et coutumière (endogène), des normes régissant les relations entre droits fonciers et diversité biologique. L’examen du cadre législatif et réglementaire, ainsi que des enquêtes de terrain ciblées, permettent de cerner les droits endogènes exercés par les populations locales. À l’instar de la problématique gestion du foncier dans la province à une échelle nationale qu’elle met en évidence, la lecture de ce système normatif pluriel – national et local, écrit et coutumier, exogène et endogène – permet de formuler, dans une approche de co-construction d’un droit postmoderne, des propositions juridiques conciliant justice sociale et durabilité environnementaleThe thesis examines the correlation between land rights and biological diversity in Burkina Faso using the example of Sissili province, where various actors coexist. The issue is that of legal pluralism following the consecration of State law in legal relations with the land in a local context where social cohesion is confronted with the survival of endogenous rights that have been excluded in the process of building national law since the country's colonial conquest. Starting from the complexity and evolution of social links, in particular land conflicts between actors with different legal references, the study, in a legal anthropology approach, aims to initiate a reflection on the development of a normative model for access to land that can promote the sustainable management of social relations and biodiversity. To this end, it addresses the dual dimension, legislative and customary (endogenous), of the norms governing the relationship between land rights and biological diversity. The review of the legislative and regulatory framework as well as targeted field surveys make it possible to identify the endogenous rights exercised by local populations. Like the problem of land management in the province on a national scale that it highlights, the reading of this plural normative system – national and local, written and customary, exogenous and endogenous – makes it possible to formulate, in a co-construction approach of a postmodern law, legal proposals reconciling social justice and environmental sustainability
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Barros, Filho Mario Thadeu Leme de. "Sociedade civil global e a construção dos direitos humanos." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2008. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/8221.
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Previous issue date: 2008-06-24Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
This thesis aims to analyze the role of the global civil society before the international institutions for the construction of the human rights, comprehended as intercultural. It will defend that, in the legal pluralistic universe, the human rights must be conceived by an intercultural paradigm, in order to overcome the debate about cultural universalism vs. relativism. Firstly, it aims to understand how a new theory of law, which allows the participation of new actors in the global scenario, can present itself as counter-hegemonic. Then, it will try to observe in which moment and in which political context the concept of global civil society starts to appear more frequently, with a view of identifying the historical conditions that enabled the creation and reproduction of different speeches on it. Finally, after having presented the thesis on interculturalism, it will highlight the relevant aspects connected to the participation of the civil society before the United Nations, bringing the empirical experience of the Committee on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination against Women
Este trabalho objetiva analisar o papel da chamada sociedade civil global nas instituições internacionais para a construção dos direitos humanos interculturalmente compreendidos. Defenderá que, dentro do universo do pluralismo jurídico, os direitos humanos devem ser concebidos através de um paradigma intercultural, a fim de superar o debate universalismo x relativismo cultural. Em primeiro lugar, visará entender em que sentido uma nova concepção de direito, que permita a participação de novos atores no cenário mundial, poderá se apresentar como contra-hegemônica. Em seguida, procurará observar em que momento e em que contexto político o conceito de sociedade civil global começa a surgir com mais freqüência, almejando identificar as condições históricas que possibilitaram a criação e a reprodução de diferentes discursos a seu respeito. Por fim, após apresentar as teses do interculturalismo, traçará um quadro sobre aspectos relevantes ligados à participação da sociedade civil na Organização das Nações Unidas, trazendo como estudo de caso a experiência empírica do Comitê da Convenção Sobre a Eliminação de todas as formas de Discriminação contra a Mulher
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Villegas, Santiago Diana Milena. "L’ordre juridique mafieux : étude à partir du cas de l’organisation criminelle colombienne des années 1980 et 1990." Thesis, Paris 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA020059.
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Le pluralisme juridique relativise le monopole étatique dans la production normative, en laissant aux autres groupes sociaux la possibilité de créer du droit. La mafia en tant qu’organisation soumise à des règles qui lui sont propres représente un véritable ordre juridique qui entre en contradiction avec la légalité et la structure de tout l’ordre juridique étatique. Il paraît difficile, au premier abord, de considérer la mafia comme un ordre juridique, car elle s’oppose aux critères étatiques et juridiques traditionnels. En effet, les analyses en matière de pluralisme font rarement le lien entre le pluralisme juridique et les systèmes violents, arbitraires et illégaux. Cependant, d’un point de vue sociojuridique, il est possible d’envisager le pluralisme juridique à partir de l’analyse du phénomène mafieux. Cette hypothèse explore la relation entre divers ordres (étatique, mafieux et communautaire) de nature contradictoire et dans un contexte violent.L’organisation criminelle du trafic de drogue en Colombie durant les années 1980 et 1990 sert de base à la réflexion. Cet exemple est riche d’enseignements du fait de l’imbrication des intérêts des narcotrafiquants, de l’État et des classes sociales. Ce travail de recherche explore ainsi la mafia pensée et vécue comme un ordre juridique sui generis à caractère contre-étatique, possédant une force normative sans limitesThe legal pluralism relativises the state’s monopoly to create norms by taking into consideration the possibility that different social groups contribute to the production of law. The mafia and its rules can form a legal order in contradiction with the legality and the structure of the state legal order. It seems difficult to consider the mafia as a legal order because it is in contradiction with the traditional legal and state criteria. Indeed, the analysis of legal pluralism rarely does this link between legal pluralism and violent, arbitrary and illegal systems. However, from a socio-legal perspective, it is absolutely possible to affirm a sort of legal pluralism issued from the mafia phenomenon. This hypothesis explores, in a violent context, the contradictory relation between different kinds of orders, such as State, mafia and community order.In order to analyse this issue, the Colombian drugs traffic between the 80’s and 90’s shows a specific legal culture and legal consciousness, which in a specific context reveals interesting characteristics for a socio-legal study. The mafia and its multiple networks can infiltrate the legal culture of the regions where it acts, and sometimes, its actions and operations may be intertwined with the State and other legal actors. In this sense, it is appropriate to consider a mixed legal system, where the legal and illegal co-exist; and where the mafia, popular and state law became a "mélange" as a product of the interaction between the different legal systems as well as a product of the porosity existing between all the legal systems. This research explores the mafia, in real life and in theory, as a sui generis legal order that has a normative force without limits