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Journal articles on the topic 'Legal metrology'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Lestari, Titie Yustisia, Ridwan Tahir, and Andi Afdhalia Sri Hayati. "Penegakan Hukum terhadap Tindak Pidana di Bidang Pengukuran." Wajah Hukum 3, no. 2 (October 19, 2019): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/wjh.v3i2.63.

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In trade traffic and buying and selling transactions, measuring instruments, measurements, and scales are one of the most vital and necessary facilities in supporting the realization of a transaction of goods and services. Its purpose is to determine the unit and weight of the goods and services which are the object of the trade and the transaction. For that reason, in every trade transaction, especially trade in goods, measurement tools, measurements and scales that meet legal metrology standards are needed. or legal metrology or legale metrology. This means that the measurement tools, measurements, and scales used in each transaction must have the legality and validity of the agency that is authorized to do so, namely from the Legal Metrology or Metrology Technical Implementation Unit (UPT) which carries out the metrological tasks residing in Provincial and Regency / City level. This research is an empirical study conducted in the city of Palu using the interview and questionnaire method. The results showed that there were still many violations committed by Legal Metrology starting from the need to guarantee fairness in trade, especially in the area of measurement and weighing. Legal metrology is mainly concerned with measurement tools regulated by law. Irregularities in legal metrology among traders often occur due to lack of legal awareness and ignorance of the laws governing legal metrology. Factors inhibiting law enforcement against legal metrology criminal acts include a lack of public awareness about the law itself and a lack of socialization about threats criminal offenses against legal metrology abuse.

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2

Georgiades, G. S. "EMC in Legal Metrology." Measurement and Control 24, no. 4 (May 1991): 105–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002029409102400403.

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3

Günzler, H. "Accreditation in legal metrology." Accreditation and Quality Assurance 1, no. 3 (May 20, 1996): b109–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/pl00010401.

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4

Ardianto, Rifan, and Bonita Oktriana. "The Behaviour of Consumer and Strategy of Development of Legal Metrology Performance." Jurnal Perencanaan Pembangunan: The Indonesian Journal of Development Planning 5, no. 2 (October 31, 2021): 205–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.36574/jpp.v5i2.200.

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This study explores the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) in legal metrology since there is very little information on knowledge, attitude, and practice concerning legal metrology. The survey data gathered from 24.360 respondents across 34 provinces in Indonesia assessed the understanding concerning legal metrology by applying descriptive statistics, correlation, and multinomial regression analysis. The results show the consumers generally have better knowledge in legal metrology, an excellent attitude about the importance of legal metrology, and critical behaviour in mitigating fraudulence risk when doing trade transactions at the marketplace. Variable of gender and age tends to impact knowledge, attitude, and practice concerning legal metrology issues. The study also found that the relationship between knowledge, attitude, and practice is likely to be non-linear. The outcomes of exploring the behaviour of consumers through knowledge, attitude, and practice in legal metrology can be beneficial for legal metrology authorities to analyze the impact of setting policies and programs. Also, to develop a strategy to increase public awareness in legal metrology so that the consumers can be more critical in protecting themselves from various fraudulence in measurement in trade transactions.

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5

Duță, Bogdan-Gabriel, Ionuț Banu, Tania-Ioana Cîmpeanu, and Gabriela Bucur. "MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY IN LEGAL METROLOGY." Romanian Journal of Petroleum & Gas Technology 3 (74), no. 2 (2022): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.51865/jpgt.2022.02.02.

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"In legal metrology, in addition to the elements of the measurement result, the measurement uncertainty is also required in order to establish the level of confidence or risk regarding compliance decisions. Because of this, the uncertainty assessment considers the indicated uncertainty of the utilized measuring device, as well as the uncertainty linked to calibration and any other uncertainties pertaining to how the measuring instrument is utilized in practice. The uncertainty of these readings must also be taken into account if further measures, such as pressure and temperature, are required. The basic concepts of measurement, legal metrology, measurement errors, measurement uncertainty, types of measurement uncertainties, the importance of the mixed models and two case studies in which we obtained different values for the uncertainty were examined in this article. Both of the two case studies that are discussed are the general uncertainty with a backup strategy and the uncertainty for partially transferred source flows. Here, the installation's operating modes, the formulae used to estimate uncertainty, and the procedure for doing so were all described."

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6

Ardianto, Rifan, and Yulianti Yulianti. "The Spatial Pattern of Fraudulence Risk in Legal Metrology and Its Socio-Economic Drivers." Jurnal Perencanaan Pembangunan: The Indonesian Journal of Development Planning 5, no. 2 (October 31, 2021): 269–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.36574/jpp.v5i2.209.

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This study develops a fraudulence risk in the legal metrology model, gaining insight into urban spatial characteristics as contextual variables that may cause a risk of fraud. The model uses Geographically Weighted Regression on the Metrological Consumer Index data of Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. The findings indicate a wide distribution of recorded fraudulence risk in legal metrology across Bandung, with a spatially clustered pattern based on spatial and context of varying neighbourhood attributes. The results also show an increase in the fraudulence risk in legal metrology in the central business district of Bandung. Such phenomena could be attributed to the residents who trade and are involved in the measurement practice. The findings also suggested that the areas with more senior residents were more likely to have a high fraudulence risk in legal metrology. On the other hand, areas with a high proportion of poor and lesser-educated people exhibit low risk.These findings are helpful for legal metrology authorities seeking to establish appropriate strategies to mitigate adverse impacts of fraudulence risk in legal metrology practice on communities. It can also help identify high fraudulence risk in legal metrology areas to geo-target when and where to disseminate information to increase awareness of the dangers.

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7

Amboro, Florianus Yudhi Priyo, and Lily Persyadayani. "Efektivitas Pelaksanaan Pengawasan Metrologi Legal Terhadap Peningkatan Retribusi Daerah di Kota Tanjungpinang." Journal of Law and Policy Transformation 6, no. 1 (June 11, 2021): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.37253/jlpt.v6i1.4948.

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Law Number 23 of 2014 concerning Regional Government has given authority to City Regional Governments to carry out government affairs in the trade sector, namely implementation of calibration, re-analysis, and supervision of legal metrology in sub-affairs in the field of consumer protection.As an autonomous region, the Regional Government of Tanjungpinang City in order to be able to run its government must be supported by sources of regional income, one of which is Regional Retribution which is the original regional income. BDKT calibration, re-analysis and observation services are one of the regional levies collected by the Tanjungpinang City Government. As for the focus of the problems raised in this study are, how is the implementation of legal metrology supervision in Tanjungpinang City, what are the obstacles faced by the Tanjungpinang City Government in implementing legal metrology supervision and collecting curated and recalculated service fees, and what are the solutions to implementation legal metrology supervision in an effort to increase user fees in Tanjungpinang City. From the results of the research conducted, it was found that in order to encourage the implementation of optimal legal metrology supervision, the Regional Government of Tanjungpinang City must meet the factors in the form of the availability of appropriate regulations, as well as the availability of competent human resources in the field of legal metrology so that with the implementation of proper legal metrology supervision, then it will directly provide support to the local government in terms of increasing the amount of local fees that will be used to improve the welfare of the people of Tanjungpinang City

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8

Källgren, Håkan, and Leslie Pendrill. "Requirements of weighing in legal metrology." Metrologia 40, no. 6 (November 27, 2003): 316–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/40/6/004.

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9

Sandela, Ilka, Nila Trisna, and Dara Quthni Effida. "Ketentuan Pengaturan Penteraan Alat Metrologi Legal dalam Transaksi Perdagangan di Indonesia." Ius Civile: Refleksi Penegakan Hukum dan Keadilan 6, no. 1 (April 30, 2022): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.35308/jic.v6i1.5231.

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Legal metrology tools such as measuring instruments, measurements, scales and equipment used in trade transactions must be calibrated and recalibrated within a certain period of time. The goal is the measurement results using these tools remain correct as they should be. If it is not calibrated or recalibrated, it can cause measurements to be inaccurate, so that it can be detrimental to consumers in trade. This study aims to study further on the regulation of calibration of legal metrology equipment, sanctions, mechanisms or procedures for calibration and recalibration. The research method used is a normative juridical research method. The results of the study indicate that the provisions relating to the calibration of legal metrology equipment consisting of measuring, weighing and complete instruments are regulated in Law Number 2 of 1981 concerning Legal Metrology and Government Regulation Number 2 of 1985 concerning mandatory and free to be calibrated and/or or recalibration for measuring, weighing instruments and their accessories. In this provision, it is determined that there is an obligation to calibrate and recalibrate measuring, and weighing instruments used for public purposes, business purposes, the need for delivery and receipt of goods, determination of the company's final product, mandatory calibration and recalibration. As for the sanctions for business actors who commit acts prohibited by the Legal Metrology Law, they are subject to criminal sanctions in the form of imprisonment for a maximum of 1 (one) year and a fine of a maximum of Rp. 1,000,000 (one million rupiah). Furthermore, the mechanism or procedure for calibration of legal metrology tools includes the owner or user of measuring instruments, measuring, weighing in a clean condition, registering and paying calibration fees, then employees carry out inspections and tests, then the results are posted.

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10

Scotti, Veronica. "Legal metrology: Airport: When measurements harass passengers." IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine 23, no. 2 (April 2020): 102–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mim.2020.9062679.

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11

Fachri Muhammad B, Abd Asis, and Hijrah Adhyanti Mirzana. "IMPLEMENTATION OF UTTP EQUIPMENT CALCULATION AND RECAACING IN LAW ENFORCEMENT IN THE FIELD OF LEGAL METROLOGY IN MAKASSAR CITY." Awang Long Law Review 5, no. 1 (November 30, 2022): 40–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.56301/awl.v5i1.532.

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The purpose of this study was to analyze the implementation of calibration and re-calibration in Makassar City as an effort in law enforcement in the field of legal metrology. The research is empirical-legal research. A research location is a place or area where the author conducts research. In the context of this research, the author conducted research in the city of Makassar, specifically the Regional Technical Implementation Unit for Legal Metrology, Makassar City, Makassar Police Station, and several traders. The reason the author chooses the Makassar City UPTD is that the institution is authorized and competent in providing data regarding the supervision of the implementation of calibration and re-calibration in the city of Makassar. Then at the Makassar City Police, the author will ask for data related to Crime in the Legal Metrology field and some traders to provide information regarding the measuring instruments, measurements, and scales used. The data used are primary data and secondary data. The collected data are then analyzed qualitatively. The results of the study indicate that the authority in the management of legal metrology at the center is carried out by the DITMET of the Ministry of Trade whose task is to carry out the formulation, implementation, and control of policies, drafting guidelines, norms, standards, procedures, and criteria as well as providing technical guidance and evaluation of policy implementation in the field of metrology. legal in order to provide wider space for regions to regulate and manage the lives of their citizens, the central government establishes a regional autonomy policy through Law Number 23 Year 2014 (as was the last amendment through Law Number 9 Year 2015) concerning Regional Government. The transfer of authority for the implementation of the previous calibration and calibration from the provincial government is then transferred to the Regency/City Government, which then each region has the right to form a legal Metrology Unit whose task is to carry out calibration and recalculation. In the case of calibration and recalculation obligations, each UTTP instrument has a period of calibration and recalibration period and the one who is entitled to perform the calibration is the calibrator. As a follow-up to the Regional Government Law, the city of Makassar has established a UML in 2017 through Makassar Mayor Regulation No. 82 Year 2017 concerning the formation, position, organizational structure, duties and functions, and work procedures of the legal metrology technical implementing unit at the trade office.

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12

Harfiah, Rismisari. "Implementasi Rancangan Pelatihan Kemetrologian bagi Juru Timbang Menggunakan Metode ADDIE." Cendekia Niaga 3, no. 1 (October 1, 2019): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.52391/jcn.v3i1.457.

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Legal metrology is a very large and complex field to be implemented. In realizing orderly measurement for all of Indonesia, very large human resources are needed. A total of 1900 Metrology Human Resources currently available cannot meet the needs of the community, which includes at least 14.230 traditional markets and hundreds of modern markets spread throughout Indonesia. Adding large numbers of Metrologi personnel from ASN is very difficult, the most likely choice is to recruit personnel outside metrology such as market managers of traditional and modern market. This situation encouraging idea to recruit weighers whose task is to check the scales in traditional and modern markets. Through the ADDIE method which include analize, design, develop, implementation and evaluation a training model for weighers is designed. As a result, two days of training (20 JP) with classroom learning methods and laboratory practices is held . Furthermore, the weigher conducts trials in the market where each of them is on duty. The evaluation results with an average value of 4.43 of 5 Likert Scale indicate that the training is satisfying and meets the needs of the knowledge and skills of the weighers before duty.

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13

Miličević, Kruno, Luka Omrčen, Mirko Kohler, and Ivica Lukić. "Trust Model Concept for IoT Blockchain Applications as Part of the Digital Transformation of Metrology." Sensors 22, no. 13 (June 22, 2022): 4708. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22134708.

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Trends for the digital transformation of metrology and regulation of metrology through IT have some keywords in common with the main properties of the blockchain, such as traceability, immutability, and machine-readable documents. The possible applicability of the blockchain as an innovative IT solution for metrology regulation is known in the scientific community. Still, blockchain implementation must consider the entire metrology pyramid—the technical aspects and the legal framework intrinsic to metrology. This is also valid for possible IoT blockchain applications. In resolving the issues, this paper applies a bottom-up approach, starting from IoT devices analyzed as oracles and building up to the sole definition of measurement units, thereby discussing technical aspects concerning relevant standardization documents. The resulting trust model concept encompasses the vertical and horizontal traceability of the measurement results (oracle data), where normative standards and legal requirements are crucial for building trust. Conclusively, for practical implementations, it will be necessary to analyze blockchain properties and applicability with a view to the standard requirements, as shown for WELMEC.

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14

Goydke, Hans. "Building acoustic ISO standards and European legal metrology." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 108, no. 5 (November 2000): 2502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4743240.

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15

Dujović, Lucija. "NEW LEGAL SOLUTIONS IN THE FIELD OF METROLOGY IN REPUBLIC OF SERBIA." International Journal "Advanced Quality" 44, no. 3 (February 22, 2017): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.25137/ijaq.n3.v44.y2016.p15-18.

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This paper presents an overview of new legislation in metrology in the Republic of Serbia. Particular attention is paid to the importance of legal metrology and implementation of its main goal - to convince the citizens of the accuracy of the measurement results of those measures which are used in the function of trade in goods and services, general health and safety, environmental protection, control and safety and inspection of pre -packed products.

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16

Thiel, F., V. Hartmann, U. Grottker, and D. Richter. "IT Security Standards and Legal Metrology – Transfer and Validation." EPJ Web of Conferences 77 (2014): 00001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/20147700001.

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17

Krutikov, V. N., and V. V. Okrepilov. "Money metrology." Izmeritel`naya Tekhnika, no. 12 (2020): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.32446/0368-1025it.2020-12-42-50.

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The influence of the provisions of legal metrology on the formation and functioning of the monetary environment in market conditions is studied. It is shown that the use of material (reference) measures for determining the value of goods in monetary units makes it possible to form a stable monetary system, equal for all market participants. This system can reasonably be attributed to information measuring systems. Systems based on the use of constant material measures that determine the value of goods and money in international trade have been formed and functioned for a long time. In the XIX-XX centuries, the monetary system, in which a fixed weight of gold served as the material measure of money, was called the “gold standard”. In the 1970s, this system was abandoned without objective reasons. Nowadays, many people believe that the main reason is the uncontrolled issuance of paper money (US dollars). As a result, the material measure of money was replaced by a monetary measure. The money of a number of selected countries turned out to be a measure of the national currencies of other countries. Then money was made a commodity – an object of market trading, the price of which is determined by supply and demand. Thus, the most important principle of metrology was violated – the invariability (constancy) of the measure of system objects. The resulting monetary system became unstable. This situation has led to an increase in the number of proposals for a return to the gold standard. The analysis carried out in the paper confirmed the relevance of these proposals. At the present stage of development of metrology, it is advisable to explore the possibility of a broader (not only at the expense of precious metals) resource provision of material monetary measures, in particular, to consider the possibility of using materials and (or) goods that are in high demand in the international market as monetary measures.

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18

Nazim, Ahsan Mohamed, Ismael AbuJarad, Mohamed Sulaiman, and Ibrahim bin Hamzah. "Malaysians’ awareness towards legal metrology and Weights and measures act, 1972." International Journal of Ethics and Systems 35, no. 4 (November 11, 2019): 617–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoes-01-2019-0003.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the level of awareness of the public about Weights and Measures Act, the awareness of Metrology Corporation Malaysia (MCM) services such as verification sticker and the awareness about ways to file a complaint by the public. Design/methodology/approach A quantitative research methodology survey was used to collect data. The quantitative collected data were analysed to achieve the objectives of this study. Findings The results of this study showed a low awareness level of the general public, especially non-stakeholders, knowledge, attitude and actual behaviour about the work of verification and re-verification and checking for verification sticker as well as ways of complaining if the instrument is not verified. In addition, the number of stakeholders working in the legal metrology area was high and Facebook was one of the most preferred media by the public to get awareness messages. Research limitations/implications It is recommended for other researchers to enlarge the sample size and implement the study on more companies in the industry. Practical implications The findings of this study revealed that public awareness, knowledge and intention have significant and positive relationship with actual behaviour of the public and that awareness, knowledge and actual behaviour among the non-stakeholder were low compared to the stakeholder. The results also enriched the stakeholders in legal metrology for improving public awareness, knowledge and actual behaviour toward the legal metrology and Wight and Measure Act, 1972. Social implications This study shows that Facebook was one of the most preferred media by the public to get awareness messages. This reflects the important role that social media plays. This is useful to the companies because it helps them understand the preferences of public in the society. In addition, the results of this study are useful to the decision-makers in the industry, which is expected to impact the performance of such companies. Originality/value This study is among the few studies conducted in the Malaysian context.

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19

Rodrigo Otávio, Ozanan, Ballerini Sérgio, Alves Henrique Araujo, Costa-Félix, and Rodrigo. "Social Profit of Legal Metrology in the Brazilian Electricity Sector." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1826, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 012028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1826/1/012028.

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20

Peters, Daniel, Michael Peter, Jean-Pierre Seifert, and Florian Thiel. "A Secure System Architecture for Measuring Instruments in Legal Metrology." Computers 4, no. 2 (March 24, 2015): 61–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/computers4020061.

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21

Scotti, Veronica. "Can instruments replace humans also as liable entities? [Legal Metrology]." IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine 18, no. 5 (October 2015): 11–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mim.2015.7271220.

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22

Rodrigues Filho, Bruno A., and Rodrigo F. Gonçalves. "Legal metrology, the economy and society: A systematic literature review." Measurement 69 (June 2015): 155–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2015.03.028.

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23

Filho, B. A. Rodrigues, A. N. R. Soratto, and R. F. Gonçalves. "Information systems as a tool to improve legal metrology activities." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 733 (July 2016): 012008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/733/1/012008.

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24

Athané, B. "Implications of legal metrology in flow measurement for the utilities." Flow Measurement and Instrumentation 5, no. 2 (April 1994): 67–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0955-5986(94)90038-8.

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25

Richter, Dieter, Ulrich Grottker, Daryoush Talebi, and Roman Schwartz. "The new European software guide for legal metrology: Basic principles." Computer Standards & Interfaces 28, no. 3 (January 2006): 270–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csi.2005.07.005.

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26

Zakharov, Igor, Pavel Neyezhmakov, and Olesia Botsiura. "Verification of the Indicating Measuring Instruments Taking into Account their Instrumental Measurement Uncertainty." Measurement Science Review 17, no. 6 (December 20, 2017): 269–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/msr-2017-0033.

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Abstract The specific features of the measuring instruments verification based on the results of their calibration are considered. It is noted that, in contrast to the verification procedure used in the legal metrology, the verification procedure for calibrated measuring instruments has to take into account the uncertainty of measurements into account. In this regard, a large number of measuring instruments, considered as those that are in compliance after verification in the legal metrology, turns out to be not in compliance after calibration. In this case, it is necessary to evaluate the probability of compliance of indicating measuring instruments. The procedure of compliance probability determination on the basis of the Monte Carlo method is considered. An example of calibration of a Vernier caliper is given.

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27

Markovič, Jaromír, Jozef Mihok, Stanislav Ďuriš, and Zbyněk Schreier. "Legal Metrology and System for Calibration and Verification of the Radar Level Sensors." Quality Innovation Prosperity 20, no. 1 (June 30, 2016): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.12776/qip.v20i1.694.

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<p><strong>Purpose:</strong> The paper deals with the legal metrology that is principally responsible for assuring the uniformity and correctness of measurements and presents the results of the scientific and research work in the cross-disciplinary fields. The design of the new measuring system for the verification of the radar level gauges. <br /><strong>Methodology/Approach:</strong> The requirements on performing verification of the measuring instruments are changed significantly, especially the requirement for reducing the time necessary for putting the measuring instruments out of service. Slovak legal metrology (SLM) has developed a number of its own systems for verification of the legally controlled measuring instruments. <br /><strong>Findings:</strong> The paper presents the results of the research activities aimed to refine and improve metrological continuity and metrological control of selected types of measuring instruments.<br /><strong>Research Limitation/implication:</strong> This paper are based on the theoretical and practical knowledge from the field of metrology, the analysis of the legislative and normative requirements on the measuring instruments metrological assurance, and knowledge gathered during the practical performance of the measuring instruments metrological control. <br /><strong>Originality/Value of paper:</strong> In the paper, there are presented those results of solving the tasks in the research and development fields that lead to the higher measurement accuracy, and to the elimination of the undesired influences that may occur during a measurement.</p>

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Ibrahim, Muhammad Azwan, Faizan Qamar, Zarina Shukur, Nasharuddin Zainal, Nazri Marzuki, and Maria Ulfah Siregar. "Formalizing Attack Tree on Security Object for MySANi in Legal Metrology." Systems 11, no. 1 (January 16, 2023): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/systems11010049.

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Illegal software manipulation is one of the biggest issues in software security. This includes the legally relevant software which are now crucial modules in weight and measuring instruments such as weighbridges. Despite the advancement and complexity of weight and measuring instruments, the inspection methodology is weak and lacks of innovation. The conventional inspection method is merely based on the observation printed certificate of the software. This paper introduces Malaysia Software-Assisted Non-Automatic Weighing Instrument (NAWI) Inspection (MySANI), a method used to enhance the software inspection scheme in legal metrology. MySANI introduces security objects in order to assist and enhance the inspection process. The security evaluation is based on the best practices in IT in metrology, where the attack model on relevant assets of the security objects is simulated for the Attack Probability Tree. The attack tree is verified by integrating formal notation and comparison with finite state transition system domain to verify the correctness properties of the tree design before the model can be further used in a risk analysis procedure within the Attack Probability Tree framework. Results show that the designed attack tree is consistent with the designed simulation.

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Miličević, Kruno, Ivan Tolić, Davor Vinko, and Goran Horvat. "Blockchain-Based Concept for Digital Transformation of Traceability Pyramid for Electrical Energy Measurement." Sensors 22, no. 23 (November 29, 2022): 9292. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22239292.

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Digital transformation of metrology is a holistic process that was started formally by the Joint Statement of Intent “On the digital transformation in the international scientific and quality infrastructure” signed by major metrology organisations in March 2022. With the digital transformation of metrology in motion, the questions of a seamless transition to digital representation while ensuring adherence to all the requirements of digital representation and maintaining a sustainable framework for future operations are just some of the challenges faced. To tackle these challenges, also within the concept of “more electrical world” (MEW), one technology is demonstrating high potential applicability as a possible candidate solution—blockchain technology, with its critical underlying properties (e.g., immutability, decentralisation, etc.) being fully compliant with the requirements of digital representation in metrology. Accordingly, this paper presents a blockchain-based concept for the digital transformation of the traceability pyramid for electrical energy measurement. The concept is developed in accordance with the goals of the Metroracle project. Based on the analyzed and presented state-of-the-art, the main contribution of the paper is the comprehensiveness of the concept, which encompasses the whole pyramid and describes all relevant processes and responsibilities of all stakeholders: measurement instrument (MI) owners, certificate issuers (National Accreditation Body (NAB), National laboratory (NL), Reference laboratory (RL)), MI manufacturers/developers, MI installers. The transformed pyramid is defined by Croatian metrology laws and regulations, but with smaller adjustments, it is applicable to other EU countries as well, and also to the traceability of other physical quantities, i.e., not to electrical energy only. Possible legal and technical issues are identified (amount of data, machine-readable standards and regulations, ensuring limited access, legal relevance of digital signature) and corresponding solutions presented, as well as further steps in our research and development within the Metroracle project.

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Pototskyi, I. O., L. Yu Nesvidomina, I. M. Bystra, N. V. Milkovska, and V. V. Shvedova. "The Classification of Measuring Instruments to Legally Regulated and Government Regulation, Which Applied to Them According to the Law of Ukraine «On Metrology and Metrological Activity»." Metrology and instruments, no. 1 (March 2, 2020): 6–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33955/2307-2180(1)2020.6-14.

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Taking into account large number of questions coming from the metrological services of enterprises and organizations is considered the classification of measuring instruments to legally regulated measuring instruments, government regulation, which applied to them in order to assurance the uniformity of measurement and traceability, according to the Law of Ukraine «On metrology and metrological activity», and requirements relating to conformity assessment, verification and calibration of measuring instruments. Having analyzed the measurement requirements and measurement results established by the provisions of the law, it is proposed to divide measuring instruments used in the field of legal metrology into the groups. For the above mentioned groups of measuring instruments, which are used in the field of legal metrology, a scheme has developed, that illustrates the processes of government regulation, namely: government regulation of measuring instruments during placing on the market and putting into use and government regulation of measuring instruments during using. The scheme shows that the placing on the market and putting into use of legally regulated measuring instruments is possible if their conformity assessment is carried out. During using legally regulated measuring instruments are subject to periodic and post-repair verification. Calibration under the law is a voluntary procedure. However, measurement results cannot be applied in the field of legal metrology if errors of the measurement results or the uncertainty of the measurement results are unknown. Uncertainty of the measurement results is established only during the measuring instruments calibration.

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Scotti, Veronica. "More about the verdict in the L'Aquila Earthquake Trial [Legal Metrology]." IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine 18, no. 4 (August 2015): 44–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mim.2015.7155772.

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Moni, Mahbuba, Wilson Melo, Daniel Peters, and Raphael Machado. "When Measurements Meet Blockchain: On Behalf of an Inter-NMI Network." Sensors 21, no. 5 (February 24, 2021): 1564. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21051564.

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The growing demand for solutions related to measurement (e.g., digital sensors, smart meters, distributed measuring systems) imposes several concerns about information and process reliability. In this context, blockchain can play a crucial role as a platform to implement applications and activities in the context of legal metrology. In most countries, the National Metrology Institutes (NMIs) are responsible for promoting these initiatives. Thus, in this paper, we present a functional architecture to integrate NMIs in a collaborative blockchain network. We discuss the main aspects and features that an inter-NMI blockchain network must deliver. Furthermore, we implement our proposal using the Hyperledger Fabric platform. We connect peers from Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) (German NMI) and the National Institute of Metrology, Quality, and Technology (Inmetro) (Brazilian NMI) in a useful application that consists of a blockchain-based public-key infrastructure to identify and authenticate smart meters. Our preliminary results demonstrate that the proposed architecture meets the main requirements imposed by applications involving measurements. Furthermore, it opens the opportunity to integrate NMIs from other countries into the project, constituting an important global initiative in the metrology field.

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Mićić, Ljiljana, Branislav Tanasić, and Radomir Ivanović. "REALISATION OF THE METHOD FOR TESTING THE TYPE AND VERIFICATION OF COMPRESSED GASEOUS FUEL MEASURING SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES." International Journal "Advanced Quality" 44, no. 3 (February 22, 2017): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.25137/ijaq.n3.v44.y2016.p19-21.

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Directorate of Measures and Precious Metals developed Rulebook on compressed gaseous fuel measuring systems for vehicles, published in “Official gazette of RS”, No. 9/2014, which represents transposition International recommendation OIML R139 of International organization for legal metrology into metrological legislation in Republic of Serbia. Thus, legal conditions were created for development and realization of the method for testing the type and verification of these measuring systems. The method of direct comparison measuring system with standard equipment was realized. DMDM purchased standard equipment within EU Project „Support of the quality infrastructure in Serbia” and Project of technical cooperation with national metrology institute in Germany (P TB -Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt), Technical cooperation project – PTB number 95089. Validation of the method and suitability of the equipment in conditions of use and training of the inspectors was carried out, and the method is validated and verified. In this work basics of the method and specification of the used measuring equipment are presented.

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LEE, SUNGJUN, and KWANG PYO KIM. "INTERPRETATION OF CONVENTIONAL MASS." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 24 (January 2013): 1360038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194513600380.

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The conventional mass is not a precise physical quantity but useful virtual one in mass metrology. Because the precise level of conventional mass is related to the OIML class, it is necessary to check if the assignment of weight class is under control. The documents of OIML (International Organization of Legal Metrology) D 28 and R 111 describe the limitation of the quantity in real application. In this presentation, we are trying to interpret and review the concept of conventional mass, for example, by estimating buoyancy deviation and maximum permissible error, in weight calibrations in Korea. Note from Publisher: This article contains the abstract only.

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35

Hurevich, Valery L., and Nadezhda D. Liakhova. "30 years to COOMET: results and prospects for cooperation." Izmeritel`naya Tekhnika, no. 7 (2021): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.32446/0368-1025it.2021-7-3-12.

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The history of Euro-Asian Cooperation of National Metrological Institutions (COOMET) has already spanned three decades (12 June 1991 is considered the date of its establishment – the day when the COOMET Memorandum of Understanding was signed). COOMET is an officially recognized regional metrology organization, as well as a regional legal metrology organization. Cooperation in COOMET and its outcomes allow member countries to successfully tackle metrological issues, faced by the national economy under market globalization, as well as to ingrate in the international metrological system. A brief overview of the history of creation and results of activity of COOMET is provided. The effectiveness of cooperation is evaluated, the promising areas of COOMET's activities are outlined.

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Pasaribu, M. P. J., N. N. Sirait, and M. Siregar. "Protection of public interests in the administration of legal metrology in Medan." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 452 (May 14, 2020): 012065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/452/1/012065.

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Mack, Oliver. "Investigations of piezoelectric force measuring devices for use in legal weighing metrology." Measurement 40, no. 7-8 (August 2007): 746–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2006.04.012.

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38

K�llgren, H�kan, Phillip Taylor, Margreet Lauwaars, Bertil Magnusson, and Leslie Pendrill. "Role of measurement uncertainty in conformity assessment in legal metrology and trade." Accreditation and Quality Assurance 8, no. 12 (December 1, 2003): 541–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00769-003-0707-8.

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K�llgren, H�kan, Margreet Lauwaars, Bertil Magnusson, Leslie Pendrill, and Phillip Taylor. "Role of measurement uncertainty in conformity assessment in legal metrology and trade." Accreditation and Quality Assurance 9, no. 6 (June 1, 2004): 384. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00769-004-0712-6.

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Brandão, Luís T. A. N., Carlos E. C. Galhardo, and René Peralta. "ZKASP: ZKP-based attestation of software possession for measuring instruments." Measurement Science and Technology 33, no. 6 (March 9, 2022): 064001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/ac5438.

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Abstract Software-controlled measuring instruments used in commercial transactions, such as fuel dispensers and smart meters, are sometimes subject to ‘memory replacement’ attacks. Cybercriminals replace the approved software by a malicious one that then tampers with measurement results, inflicting a financial loss to customers and companies. To mitigate such attacks, legal metrology systems often require regular device attestation, where an auditor checks that the device possesses (‘knows’) the approved software. However, current attestation methods usually require the software to be known by the auditor, thus increasing the risk of inadvertent leakage or malicious theft of proprietary information, besides facilitating its malicious adulteration. We describe how this issue can be addressed in legal metrology systems by using zero-knowledge proofs of knowledge (ZKPoK). These proofs enable attestation of possession of approved software, while ensuring its confidentiality from the auditor. To further provide publicly verifiable evidence of freshness, each such proof can be related to a fresh random value from a public randomness beacon. This article presents the basic conceptual idea, while also discussing pitfalls that should be avoided.

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Ardi, Ardi, and Firman Wijaya. "PENERAPAN SANKSI PIDANA PADA PUTUSAN NO. 870/PID.B/2016/PN.JKT.SEL. DITINJAU DARI UNDANG-UNDANG NO. 8 TAHUN 1999 TENTANG PERLINDUNGAN KONSUMEN DAN UNDANG-UNDANG NO. 2 TAHUN 1981 TENTANG METROLOGI LEGAL (STUDI KASUS PUTUSAN NO. 870/PID.B/2016/PN.JKT.SEL.)." Jurnal Hukum Adigama 2, no. 1 (July 23, 2019): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/adigama.v2i1.5244.

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Gasoline or fuel oil is a necessity for society, especially for motor vehicle owners. In Indonesia, Pertamina as one of the fuel suppliers cooperates with the private sector to offset business competition with gas stations from abroad. In terms of Pertamina gas stations that are partnering with the private sector, cheating is not uncommon, such as the dosage of fuel oil that is not in accordance with the truth. As happened at Pertamina gas station in Rempoa area where the perpetrators involved 3 gas station managers and 2 gas station employees using additional equipment installed in the fuel dispenser and controlled using a remote control. With the existence of criminal sanctions in both laws, Act No. 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection and Act No. 2 of 1981 concerning Legal Metrology, so that the actions of these perpetrators can be criminally accountable as can be seen in the Decision of the South Jakarta District Court Number 870/Pid.B/2016/PN.JKT.SEL. How is the application of criminal sanctions on Decision No. 870/ Pid.B/2016/PN.JKT.SEL. reviewed from Act No. 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection and Act No. 2 of 1981 concerning Legal Metrology? The author use normative legal research and uses interview data as supporting data. The results of the study revealed that the criminal sanctions imposed on the three gas station managers were considered appropriate even though the maximum sentence was not applied, but the judges had their own freedom and legal considerations in deciding cases.

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Meškuotienė, Asta, Paulius Kaškonas, Edita Raudienė, Justina Dobilienė, and Benas Gabrielis Urbonavičius. "Calibration Periodicity of Fuel Tanks Assigned to Legal–Industrial Metrology: A Case Study." Sustainability 14, no. 16 (August 9, 2022): 9817. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14169817.

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Reliable quantity measurements are essential to meet the needs of the public interest, health, environmental protection, and the global fair trade of petroleum products. This can only be ensured by accurate and regular calibration of the measuring instruments. The frequency of metrological supervision is differently legally regulated in different countries since there are no clear criteria for determining periodicity. This report presents an analysis of the metrological supervision of vertical and aboveground tanks (intended for oil products) in different countries and long-term data usage for supervision periodicity identification. The periodicity of metrological supervision procedures must be synchronised with technical repairs and must depend on the type and volume of the tank. Choosing the optimal periodicity frequency of different tanks can adjust the economic burden of metrological supervision considering the economic and environmental aspects that is presented in the report with suitable adaptations.

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Beciet, Gianfranco Molinar Min, and Veronica Scotti. "Women in burkina faso: producing handcrafted shea butter with metrological traces [Legal Metrology]." IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine 19, no. 3 (June 2016): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mim.2016.7477946.

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Ilnytska, T., and Kh Vasylykha. "The Means of Measuring Equipment Related to the Measurement of Mass in and Outside the Area of Legally Regulated Metrology." Metrology and instruments, no. 4 (September 7, 2019): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.33955/2307-2180(4)2019.55-61.

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In the article the peculiarities of applying the requirements of the new edition of the Law of Ukraine «On metrology and metrological activity» to the means of measuring equipment, which are put into exploitation and used in and outside the area of legally regulated metrology are considered. The means of measuring equipment which are put into circulation, placed on the market or put into exploitation and used in the area of legally regulated metrology shall comply with the requirements of all applicable Technical Regulations (Directives for EU) applicable to them. On the example of the measuring instruments related to the measurement of mass describes the procedure for assessing compliance with the requirements of the Technical Regulations applicable to them. The list of normative documents that corresponds to the instruments of different types for presumption of conformity with the essential requirements of the relevant Technical Regulations are submitted. The information on the need for periodic verification of measuring equipment after conducting the conformity assessment procedure with the requirements of the Technical Regulations and after the end of the verification interval, which is established by the normative legal act of Ukraine is provided. The requirements for voluntary calibration of means of measuring equipment, which are used in and / or outside the area of legally regulated metrology in accordance with the Law of Ukraine «On metrology and metrological activity» are considered. The enterprise must calibrate their standards and the means of measuring equipment to use to conduct their activities and / or to check the conformity of products and services to the established requirements. Because, the introduction of a certified quality management system in the enterprise requires compliance with the requirements of traceability and uncertainty of measurements. Conformity assessment bodies, including testing and calibration laboratories, scientific metrology centers, metrology centers and verification laboratories, shall also calibrate their standards and means of measuring equipment with the intercalibration intervals set solely by the user, taking into account the guidelines specified in the regulations.

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Rodrigues Filho, B. A., N. S. Nonato, and A. D. Carvalho. "A risk analysis approach applied to field surveillance in utility meters in legal metrology." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 975 (March 2018): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/975/1/012001.

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46

Buzoianu, M. "Measurement uncertainty and its meaning in legal metrology of environmental chemistry and public health." Accreditation and Quality Assurance 3, no. 8 (August 19, 1998): 328–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007690050255.

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47

Rodrigues Filho, Bruno Amado, Rafael Feldmann Farias, and William Escaletti dos Anjos. "Evaluating the Performance of Laboratories Testing Sphygmomanometers in Legal Metrology due to Proficiency Testing." MAPAN 35, no. 3 (August 26, 2020): 447–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12647-020-00388-z.

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48

Cherepkov, S., V. Dulya, and V. Maliavskyi. "Procedures for Assessing the Conformity of Measuring Instruments — Structure, Design Principles and Approaches to Their Choice." Metrology and instruments, no. 1 (March 25, 2019): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.33955/2307-2180(1)2019.56-61.

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Since January 01, 2016, new legislation in the field of metrology came in force in Ukraine. There have been significant changes in the regulation of metrological activity in accordance with the new Law of Ukraine “On Metrology and Metrological Activity”, which is harmonized with European legislation, in the country. Thus, the new Law lacks such forms of metrological control as state acceptance tests and state control tests, as well as state metrological certification of measuring instruments. Instead of these types of metrological control the conformity assessment system of measuring instruments according to established requirements has been implemented. Therefore, this article considers new approaches of the conformity assessment system of measuring instruments according to established requirements and is a logical continuation of an article published in Metrology and Instruments journal (1 (69), 2018), which considered the basics of development and operating the conformity assessment system of measuring instruments. This article considers some issues related to conformity assessment procedures. Criteria for the selection of modules for the conformity assessment procedure and their description are defined. The existing approaches for selection of conformity assessment procedures of measuring instruments and the cooperation of manufacturers (suppliers) of measuring instruments with designated conformity assessment bodies on the market are given. The article offers practical interest for manufacturers of measuring instruments for the legal regulated sphere.

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Chrzanowski, Krzysztof. "Computerized Station For Semi-Automated Testing Image Intensifier Tubes." Metrology and Measurement Systems 22, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 371–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mms-2015-0030.

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Abstract Testing of image intensifier tubes is still done using mostly manual methods due to a series of both technical and legal problems with test automation. Computerized stations for semi-automated testing of IITs are considered as novelty and are under continuous improvements. This paper presents a novel test station that enables semi-automated measurement of image intensifier tubes. Wide test capabilities and advanced design solutions rise the developed test station significantly above the current level of night vision metrology.

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Rusli, Aloysius. "Fundamental Metrology: Its Significance for Scientific Awareness in Higher Education." Applied Mechanics and Materials 771 (July 2015): 187–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.771.187.

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Advances in science and technology have encompassed ever larger and ever smaller scales of time, distance, mass, electrical and electronic devices, temperature, pressure. However, scientific and science awareness have not developed in step in the general population. Many people still regard science and technology as wizardy and magic, incomprehensible and unattainable for the common person. This could be called a cultural time bomb, as the widening divide between scientist’s and technologist’s views with the common lay person’s views will cause a divide between their culture as well. And when the people's legal representatives become differently cultured compared with scientists and technologists, this will cause legal decisions getting disconnected with the common good, due to the incomprehension about science and the scientific way in the representative's way of thinking. This increasing disconnect will not help improving the common good: the nuclear power plant issue is a clear example. A not-so-recent issue of 'shall we signal our presence to extraterrestrial intelligence, or would that attract evil beings towards us?' is also a timely example. Fundamental metrology, with its concern and endeavour to improve and develop appropriate definitions of units and its standards, can decrease uncertainties and increase precision and levels of confidence in its measurements. This can and should play a significant role to improve critical thinking and reflection through improving scientific and science awareness of the general public, to be more able to comprehend some basics in science and technology, and so to recognize relevant ethical issues, realize the sometimes difficult choices between competing technologies, which need critical reflection to be able to discern proper and just choices. This report describes initiation and development of a classroom effort in this direction during these past 15 years, usually receiving appreciation from students, both at the undergraduate and postgraduate level, with an oft-expressed comment, "This should be introduced at secondary level, to become earlier aware of the role and importance of units and standards, and the human aspects of its origins and history". It is proposed that leaders in fundamental metrology of the various units, standards, processes, and history, should enhance efforts and publications to improve scientific and science awareness of the general public, by introducing metrological issues in a popular and interesting way to secondary and university level students.

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