Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Legal language'
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Wong, Shau-yin Shirley, and 黃修賢. "Language use in the legal domain." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B26904536.
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Dall'Omo, Alessia <1988>. "Legal Translation - Between Language and Law." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/2799.
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Mowbray, Jacqueline Frances. "Linguistic justice : language in international legal perspective." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.612418.
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Foley, Virginia P. "Legal Issues and the English Language Learner." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2007. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5998.
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Чернишова, Я. "Language derivations in normative legal base of Ukraine." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2020. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/81260.
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Виконано під керівництвом Миленкової Р.В.У дослідженні розглядаються похідні від іноземних мов до української юридичного мови. Запозичення служать важливим фактором у розвитку мови. Слова іноземного походження постійно проникають в систему національної мови, і це явище привертає увагу вчених.
В исследовании рассматриваются производные от иностранных языков юридического языка. Заимствования служат важным фактором в развитии языка. Слова иностранного происхождения постоянно проникают в систему национального языка, и это явление привлекает внимание ученых.
The study deals with foreign language derivatives in legal language. Derivations serve as an important factor in language development. Words of foreign origin constantly penetrate the national language system, and this phenomenon attracts the attention of scholars.
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Mbufong, Paul K. "Cohesion in the language of law." Thesis, University of Reading, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357389.
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Bivins, Peggy Gale. "Implementing plain language into legal documents the technical communicator's role /." Orlando, Fla. : University of Central Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/CFE0002022.
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Bivins, Peggy. "IMPLEMENTING PLAIN LANGUAGE INTO LEGAL DOCUMENTS: THE TECHNICAL COMMUNICATOR'S ROLE." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2008. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3253.
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This thesis discusses the benefits of using plain language in legal documents and the role technical communicators can play to help implement plain language. Although many definitions for plain language exist, it is best described as reader-focused communication that presents information in a manner that makes it easy for a reader to find, understand, and use the information. Plain language facilitates comprehension by using shorter, less complex sentences; active voice; and common words. All these elements aid in processing and understanding information, especially unfamiliar concepts. Laypeople, unversed in the law, frequently have difficulty understanding traditional legal writing. The complex sentences, wordiness, and redundancy that characterize traditional legal writing often inhibit comprehension and become barriers to understanding. To demonstrate how plain language can improve legal writing, this thesis reviews before-and-after versions of documents that were revised to incorporate plain language as well as common documents that laypeople might encounter. The studies and research discussed in this thesis demonstrate that readers achieve greater comprehension with plain language documents. Technical communicators, the language experts, can work with legal professionals, the content experts, to help encourage plain language use in legal writing. By emphasizing plain language use in legal formbooks, law school courses, and continuing legal education courses, plain language will become more dominant. Technical communicators can work with governments and law firms to develop and run in-house writing programs. When organizations realize how plain language can benefit them, both economically as well as in improved consumer relations, they will be motivated to adopt plain language into their legal writing.M.A.
Department of English
Arts and Humanities
English MA
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Antici, Francesco. "Advanced techniques for cross-language annotation projection in legal texts." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/23884/.
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Nowadays, the majority of the services we benefit from, are provided online and their use is regulated by the acceptance to the terms of service by the users. All our data are handled accordingly with the clauses of such document and all our behaviours must comply with it. Given so, it would be very useful to find automated techniques to ensure fairness of the document or inform the users about possible threats.
The focus of this work, is to create resources aimed to the development of such tools in languages other than English, which may lack in linguistic resources and annotated corpus.
The enormous breakthroughs of the last years in Natural Language Processing techniques made it possible the creation of such tools through automated and unsupervised process. One of the means to achieve that is through the annotation projection between two parallel corpora.
The difficulties and costs of creating ad hoc resource for every language has brought the need to find another way for achieving the goal.\\
This work investigates the cross language annotation projection technique based on sentence embedding and similarity metrics to find matches between sentences. Several combination of methods and algorithms are compared, among which there are monolingual and multilingual embedding neural models. The experiments are conducted on two datasets, where the reference language is always English and the projection are evaluated on Italian, German and Polish.
The results obtained provide a robust and reliable technique for the task and a good starting point to build multilingual tools.
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Riddell, Troy. "Legal mobilization and policy change : the impact of legal mobilization on official minority-language education policy outside Quebec." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=38515.
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The doctoral thesis investigates the impact of legal mobilization and judicial decisions on official minority-language education (OMLE) policy outside Quebec using a model of judicial impact derived from New Institutionalism theory. The New Institutionalism (NI) model of judicial impact synthesizes the dominant approaches to judicial impact found in the US literature, which are reviewed in Chapter Two, and transcends them by placing them within a framework based on the New Institutionalism.The model, as developed in Chapter Three, proposes that certain factors will increase the probability of judicial decisions having a positive influence on policy, such as whether incentives are provided for implementation. The model argues that institutions---as structures and state actors---have important influences on these factors. Furthermore, the NI model recognizes that institutions play a partial and contingent role in the construction of policy preferences and discourse and in mediating the political process more generally over time.
Chapter Four demonstrates that the NI model can be applied usefully to reinterpret existing accounts of how legal mobilization and judicial decisions impacted the struggle over school desegregation in the US---a case that provides a heuristic comparison to OMLE policy as it concerns the question of how and where minorities are educated.
Chapters Five through Seven describe OMLE policy development in Canada from the latter 1970s until 2000, with case studies of Alberta and, to a lesser extent, Ontario and Saskatchewan. Chapter Eight reveals that legal mobilization by Francophone groups cannot be understood without reference to institutional factors, particularly the Charter of Rights and funding from the federal government. The policy impact of legal mobilization was influenced strongly by the Supreme Court's 1990 Mahe decision and by federal government funding to the provinces for OMLE policy development, while public opinion appeared to be a least a moderately constraining force on policy change. Chapter Eight further reveals that legal mobilization and judicial decisions helped Francophone groups gain access to the policy process and shaped the policy goals and discourse of actors within the process over time.
Chapter Nine bolsters confidence in the conclusions generated in Chapter Eight by demonstrating how the explanations provided by the NI model, which emphasize the direct or mediating influence of institutional factors, are superior to explanations generated by a Critical Legal Studies (CLS) approach, a "systems" approach, a "dispute-centered" approach, and by Gerald Rosenberg's model. The thesis concludes by suggesting avenues for future research on judicial impact, particularly research that is focused on comparative institutionalism.
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Hussein, Nadia M. A. "Legal interpreting in the criminal system : an exploratory study." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/4990.
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Background: This research study investigates the position of legal interpreting within the England and Wales’ criminal justice system, as well as the status of legal interpreters. This study has been carried out with nine categories of personnel within the criminal justice system, comprising of judges, lawyers, clerks to the justices, magistrates, probation officers, police officers, prison officers, immigration officers and immigration advisory service officers, 186 number in total. Methods: a qualitative method of enquiry is adopted with questionnaires sent to the above categories, which formed the basis of nine questions used in semi-structured interviews with 38 members from the above categories. The categories were not equally represented, depending on access. These interviews have been considered as the major method of investigation. Participant observation is used as an informal method of enquiry for deepening contextualisation of the study. Themes: four main themes have emerged. They are: culture and communication, role and contradictory role of the interpreter, the position of the interpreter and context of interpreting barriers. Findings: the practice of interpreting is misunderstood and undervalued. The interpreter is not considered as an active participant in the legal process. The role of the interpreter is viewed in terms of a mechanical one, since interpreters are expected to interpret word for word without seeking clarifications of unclear utterance or concept. Implications of the study: criminal justice personnel need a deeper understanding of the practice of interpreting and the diverse role of the interpreter. The study highlights the professional status of interpreters. Proposals have been put forward for improvements to the present situation through statutory recognition and protection of title.
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De, Leo Davide. "The translation of judgments in different and similar legal systems and languages/language varieties : an empirical study." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.543766.
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O'Conaill, Seán. "The Irish language and the Irish legal system, 1922 to present." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2013. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/58843/.
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This thesis examines the central research questions as to what extent the Irish language plays a significant role in the Irish legal system and how parties seeking to utilise the legal in the legal system fare. The thesis applies standard jurisprudential research methodologies in analysing the key legal developments which have occurred in Ireland from independence in 1922 until today where Ireland is a modern constitutional democracy and member of the European Union. The role of the 1937 Constitution, in particular, is key given the strong legal reliance upon its text in determining the legal status of the Irish language and the extent to which that status can be relied upon in legal proceedings. By interpreting case law from the foundation of the State through until the seminal case of Ó Beoláin in 2001 the gradual development of Irish language rights can be charted. The implications of the Ó Beoláin decision are examined including many of the cases which came about in the immediate aftermath of the case. Among the consequences of the Ó Beoláin case was the Official Languages Act, 2003 which imposed new obligations upon the State and State agencies as well as notionally providing additional supports for those seeking to access justice through the medium of Irish. The effectiveness of this legislation is examined together with recent developments such as the trend towards legal realism and the implications arising out of the Irish language’s interaction with international law. Legal education and training through the medium of Irish is identified as a key factor which contributed to all of areas identified. The provision of services and the ability to access justice through the medium of Irish ultimately depends on there being professionals with sufficient Irish to provide services. The dissonance between the notional status of the Irish language and the reality faced by those seeking to access justice through the medium of Irish is a constant theme throughout the thesis.
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Yoo, Syeng-Mann. "A corpus-linguistic analysis of fifteenth-and sixteenth-century Rjazanian Legal Documents /." The Ohio State University, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486400446369876.
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Roumeliotis, Michael D. "The jurisprudence of 'ordinary language' : a study of epistemology in legal theory." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/20156.
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Part 1: The distinction between a social rule and convergence of behaviour does not depict the internal point of view regarding behaviour in traditional rural social groups. Nor does it depict how people actually behave. It is ideological, contingent on the modern era and the emancipation of the individual. It is a matter of the theorist's presuming a logic, a form of life, that stipulates what may count as a reason for action. Part 2: Linguistic jurisprudence, as ordinary language philosophy that it is, does not expect, regarding the conceptual, to find a reality independent of society and the happenstance of society's language. In a positivist fashion, it merely describes social reality. The distinctions it comes up with (and so the one Part 1 was about) are factual instead, part of the logic/ form of life of modern Western society. - Yet social reality is complex and many sided, not a coherent theory. Existing assumptions/distinctions in social reality/ language are contradictory and interminable. - Linguistic jurisprudence is not concerned with all assumptions that may exist as possibilities, only with the typical ones that form the network of assumptions, which communication presupposes. - There are many languages not one. Communication exists no more, even if Oxonian armchair philosophy keeps taking it for granted. - Communicating is not presupposing rules. It is changing them, adjusting them to the people we encounter. We are both the same and different, there are both many and one languages. It is all a matter of what we choose to see. The positive reality of any given aggregate will entail an infinite number of communities/ societies, and corresponding languages, along with their negations. Uncommitted description cannot take place (is interminable) without the adoption by the theorist of a logic, which cannot be found in the external reality to be described. Part 3: Language is not a matter of uncommitted observation of social practice, but rules in our minds. The theorist is not reporting social groups' languages, but examining his own.
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Andersson-Säll, Tim. "Transforming Legal Entity Recognition." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statistiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-447240.
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Transformer-based architectures have in recent years advanced state-of-the-art performance in Natural Language Processing. Researchers have successfully adapted such models to downstream tasks within NLP in a domain-specific setting. This thesis examines the application of these models to the legal domain by doing Named Entity Recognition (NER) in a setting of scarce training data. Three different pre-trained BERT models are fine-tuned on a set of 101 court case documents, whereof one model is pre-trained on legal corpora and the other two on general corpora. Experiments are run to evaluate the models’ predictive performance given smaller or larger quantities of data to fine-tune on. Results show that BERT models work reasonably well for NER with legal data. Unlike many other domain-specific BERT models, the BERT model trained on legal corpora does not outperform the base models. Modest amounts of annotated data seem sufficient for reasonably good performance.
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Morris, Ruth. "Images of the interpeter : a study of language-switching in the legal process." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386475.
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Moosa, Ebrahim E. I. "The legal philosophy of al-Ghazali: law, language and theology in al-Mustasfa." Doctoral thesis, Faculty of Humanities, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/30559.
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Abu Hamid al-Ghazali is a major figure in Muslim thought and famous for his writings on theology and mysticism. Al-Ghazali’s first career was that of a jurist and he had made major contributions to the jurisprudence of the Shafii school. As time goes on his juristic contributions are increasingly being relegated to a secondary level.
This thesis attempts to place one of al-Ghazali's last writings on legal theory (Usul al-figh), al-Mustafa, in perspective and evaluate its significance in the genre of Usul al-figh literature. The focus of this thesis is the interface between law, language and theology as it manifests itself in a 'close reading' of al-Mustafa and his biography as a jurist.
Al-Ghazali's legal theory was very much shaped by his personal biography, intellectual, political and social contexts, which in tum were constituted by the language of theology and law. The controversies centered around the use of philosophical theology and 'foreign knowledge" in the discourse of religion. Al-Ghazali attempted to negotiate the tension-ridden ideological chasms between traditionalist and rationalist tendencies by fusing and synthesising the disparate intellectual disciplines. The battlefield for these ideological conflicts was the discipline of legal theory and law. In his role as synthesiser of disciplines, a bricoleur, al-Ghazali often ended up vacillating between binary opposites, and was caught between stability and instability, order and disorder. Despite his attempts to stabilise language by means of a metaphysics, it was the semiotic nature of language that continuously destabilised his juridical and theological discourses.
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Kinslow, Karen S. "THE LAW V. THE STRANGER LANGUAGE INTERPRETATION AND LEGAL SPACE IN LEXINGTON, KY." Lexington, Ky. : [University of Kentucky Libraries], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10225/1067.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Kentucky, 2009.Title from document title page (viewed on October 27, 2009). Document formatted into pages; contains: viii, 99 p. : ill. Includes abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 90-97).
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Fisher, James Matthew. "Representing effective communication and plain language in legal contexts: A critical discourse study." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2020. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/206058/1/James%20Matthew_Fisher_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis explores problems with legal communication as a social problem in which discourse and the shared beliefs of groups play a crucial role. It concludes that plain language is a problematic construct in the law because there are costs of systematically misrepresenting an intention to communicate effectively as the solution to a complex set of social and legal issues. The study generates new practical theory that has potential to transform practice by raising awareness of the extent to which shared beliefs about legal language, plain language and effective legal communication are reconstructed in everyday discourse.
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Beasley, Colin J. "Picking up the principles: An applied linguistic analysis of the legal problem genre." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 1994. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1104.
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Legal study requires not only the learning of new content, but also the learning of a new academic discourse with its own lexico-semantic, syntactic, and discoursal features. This thesis explores the answering of legal problem questions as an important and distinct new genre that undergraduates studying law units need to achieve competence in. In order to delineate the general features of this genre, systemic functional linguistic (SFL) analyses were performed on a series of texts (a tutorial question, an assignment question, and an examination question) written by lecturers in the introductory Commerce course Principles of Commercial Law as exemplars of the answering of legal problem questions. SFL analyses were also conducted on a series of student texts (both native and non-native English speaking students' answers to the examination question) which showed that considerable difficulties exist not only with the content, but also with the linguistic demands of writing in this particular genre. It follows that students may require specific training in "picking up the principles". The pedagogical implications for both content and language staff teaching in this area are explored with particular reference to tertiary ESL/EFL students.
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Mak, Kit-man. "A functional approach to subordinate relations in legal translation (Chinese-English)." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2010. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B43959209.
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Leiper, Jonathan. "Equity in the South African legal system a critical ethnography." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002637.
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This thesis focuses on the process of interpreting and the difficulties faced by interpreters in the Magistrates' Court in Grahamstown, South Africa. More particularly, the thesis seeks to establish whether the constitutional guarantee of language equity can be applied to the courts - given the numerous problems with interpreting. Respondents from different spheres of the legal profession were interviewed in order to ascertain their perspectives on the state of interpreting, problems that are encountered by interpreters and attitudes displayed by other members of the legal profession towards interpreters. The methodology used in the thesis is that of a critical ethnography. As such, the research also has a critical focus, seeking to determine the ideologies and interests of different ):articipants in the legal process. On the basis of the data collected, a number of conclusions are drawn. The first is that interpreting in South Africa is in trouble. The system of interpreting is beset by a number of different problems. This study describes four different types of problems that are faced by interpreters: linguistic problems, environmental problems, training and administrative issues, and poor status in the eyes of the other participants in the legal process. Together the cumulative effect of these problems is the undermining of the principle of equity in the justice system. Finally, the thesis provides various practical and achievable solutions to the problems outlined above, specifically those faced by interpreters. The researcher also critically evaluates the efforts and motives of the Department of Justice and Constitutional Development.
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Awab, Su'ad. "Multi word units in a corpus-based study of Memoranda of Understanding : modal multi word units." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302370.
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Abrahams, Eloise. "Efficacy of plain language drafting in labour legislation." Thesis, Peninsula Technikon, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1742.
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Thesis (MTech (Human Resource Management))--Peninsula Technikon, 2003The framework of the employment relationship is regulated by labour legislation. The relationship is known as the tripartite relationship, it is made up of the employer, employees normally represented by the union and the state. The state is responsible for the statutory and legislative framework within which this relationship is conducted.Legislation has been traditionally written in such a manner that only a selected group could understand and interpret it. The new dispensation in South Africa necessitated a move from the traditional manner in which legislation has been drafted to a more open and transparent format, which the general public can understand and comprehend. Plain language drafting that has been in use for the past 28 years intemationally is a method of drafting legislation which focuses on the reader or end-user.This study investigated the impact on comprehension and understanding levels of subjects when presented with a format of labour legislation that was redrafted using the guidelines of plain language drafting as opposed to the current format of the legislation.The research hypothesis was "Legislation will be more easily understood if redrafted in terms of plain language principles."An extensive literature review on plain language drafting, plain language principles and on mass communication was undertaken. The focal area in the literature review dealt with research that has been conducted on plain language drafting in labour legislation and on the theory of drafting and plain language.The empirical study was conducted at a model C type, senior secondary school in the Westem Cape with English speaking grade 11 students. The study tested the comprehension and understanding levels of the respondents 'In an experimental and control group environment. The experimental group receivedthe redrafted format of the legislation and the control group received the current format of the legislation.The results of the empirical study, conclusively demonstrated that the respondents in the experimental group who received the redrafted fonnat of the legislation, far exceeded the performance of the results that were achieved by the control group who received the current format of the legislation. The test results were exposed to various statistical measures to validate the research hypothesis. The findings of the statistical measures supported the research hypothesis.The findings of the empirical study concurred with the literature review and the research hypothesis; that when plain language drafting principles are applied to legislation, the reader more easily understands it.In conclusion the statistical tests have conclusively proved that, overall, plain language does improve comprehension of the legislation.
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Schneider, Debra M. "Blending Doctrine, Practice, and Purpose in Legal Education: The Case for an Integrated Pedagogy." VCU Scholars Compass, 2008. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1106.
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Traditional legal education is sorely imbalanced. A law student receives rigorous training in legal doctrine and analytical skillshe learns to "think like a lawyer"but is left with little training in practical skills or his ethical role in society. Moreover, law schools rely almost exclusively on the ineffectual pedagogy of the case-dialogue, or "Socratic," method. Several factors explain this entrenched imbalance, most notably the academy's top-down power structure and its budget constraints. Increasingly, however, the marketplace is demanding practice-ready lawyers who have strong training not only in doctrine but in practical skills and ethics. Law schools, responding to this market pressure, are beginning to implement pedagogies that foster this balanced legal training. Toward this end, I advocate implementing into law school curricula three specific, workable pedagogies: using group learning models, using writing as a learning tool, and using assessment as a formative and ongoing component of the learning process.
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Karakira, Steven. "LEXIS versus text : the case for translating English legal texts into Arabic /." [Campbelltown, N.S.W. : The Author], 1997. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030709.084948/index.html.
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PALACIN, MARISCAL Ihintza. "Sociolegal perspectives of linguistic minorities in Europe : the Basque language, education and media." Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/74273.
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Defence date: 25 February 2022Examining Board: Prof. Bruno de Witte (EUI and Maastricht University); Prof. Gábor Halmai (EUI); Prof. Joxerramon Bengoetxea (University of the Basque Country); Prof. Xabier Arzoz (UNED Madrid)
This dissertation addresses the legal framework and social embedding of the Basque language. As a minority language located between two European states (France and Spain) with different approach towards minority languages, the task of understanding the legal framework of the Basque language and its relationship with the community of speakers is challenging. In fact, this legal framework results in a vast array of legal rules for Basque speakers. This research examines the fundamental and linguistic rights of these minority language speakers (norm users), from international and European legal frameworks to national or regional ones. It carries out a comparative analysis between France and Spain, and between the three Basque regions to examine the legal framework. This doctrinal analysis is complemented by the study of key actors participating in the context and implementation of the legal norms regulating the Basque language. An emphasis is placed on the analysis of the relationship between the legal framework of the Basque language and the Basque society, applying a sociolegal methodology. By focusing on the examples of education and media, this thesis aims to shed light on the relationship between law and context in the case of the Basque language. It displays the tension and collaboration between norm givers and norm users in the case of a minority language. Studying the examples of education and media exposes the difficulties that Basque speakers face, as well as their commitment to the survival of their language. At the same time, progressive legal frameworks for Basque have enabled the creation of linguistic policies favouring the recovery and development of this language, where active collaboration between the three Basque regions is increasing. Ultimately, this research showcases a contextualised understanding of the legal framework of the Basque language, telling the story of this minority language in law.
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Schwyter, Juerg-Rainer. "Old English legal language : the example of theft in the law-codes and documents containing lawsuits." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321342.
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Wanitzek, Ulrike, and Fauz Twaib. "The presentation of claims in matrimonial proceedings in Tanzania:: A problem of language and legal culture." Swahili Forum; 3 (1996), S. 115-137, 1996. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A11636.
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As a system that deals with social ordering, the law is very much a function of words, i. e. of language. Language is one of the most effective ways of communicating. One of the most cardinal principles of the common law criminal system is constituted in the maxim ignorantia juris non excusat (ignorance of the law is no excuse). In conformity with this principle, Tanzania`s Penal Code, the basic criminal law statute, assumes that everybody knows the law. Knowledge of the law presupposes `legal literacy`, which in turn means that the citizemy (or at least a reasonable portion of it) is capable of understanding what the law says. Hence, the law must speak in a language the people understand. Only then can they reasonably be expected to generally conduct themselves in accordance with the law.
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Duraskovic, Ljiljana. "The Expression Of Possession In Medieval Russian Legal Language: Contextual Factors In The Selection Of Alternatives." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1332486569.
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Kwok, Wai Hung. "Some linguistic devices in legal English that cause problems to the translation of legislative texts from English to Chinese /." [Milperra, N.S.W. : The Author,], 2000. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030508.083637/index.html.
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Thesis: M.A.--University of Western Sydney, Macarthur, 2000.[Thesis submitted as part requirement for Master of Arts (Translation & Lingusitics), Faculty of Education and Languages]. References: p. 74-77.
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Braghittoni, Laura. "Dubbing: the issue of legal lenguage in the film My cousin Vinny." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/14217/.
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This paper presents an analysis of the dubbed version of the film My cousin Vinny (1992, Jonathan Lynn, USA), with the aim of determining how American legal terms are translated into Italian. The film was chosen because of the presence of numerous courtroom scenes that offer the opportunity to analyse how the legal language used in a courtroom of the United States can be translated. In fact, this paper focuses on how translators faced the difficulties raised by the presence of elements of two different legal systems: the legal system of the United States has unique characteristics that had to be somehow conveyed in the Italian version of the film.
Therefore, the first chapter attempts to give some basic information about the differences between the Italian and the US legal systems, in order to understand how the lack of correspondence between the two systems complicates even further the dubbing process. It briefly describes the main features of common law and civil law, and then focuses on the characteristics, of the Italian and the US judicial systems, relevant to this analysis.
The analysis of legal language is presented in the second chapter. The first part of this chapter concerns the translation of specific legal terms and how the differences between the Italian and the US judicial systems influenced the translation. In the second part, the focus shift on the translation of fixed legal formulas typical of American courtrooms.
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McBain, James. "Early Tudor drama and legal culture, c. 1485-1558." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670056.
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Chu, Joon-Beom. "Barring the Unsound: Knowledge, Language, and Agency in the Evaluation of Law Students in Mock Trial Competitions." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/581278.
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This dissertation explores verbal interactions in mock trial competitions at a US law school, in order to explore the ways that law students are taught the proper ways of speaking like advocates in adversarial speech settings. Learning to prevail in adversarial settings entails the use of conversational linguistic features whose primary function is pragmatic rather than referential. The proper use of these pragmatic markers enables lawyers to achieve desired effects in legal interaction and impression management, while maintaining intact the denotational content of their utterances. This dissertation examines in depth the feedback-mediated practices through which law students learn to use three prominent pragmatic markers in mock trials: tag questions, the declarative falling intonation, and using reported speech to cite legal authority. The metapragmatic discourses that constitute these practices socialize law students to use pragmatic markers in light of their ability to sway institutional decision-makers to favor their interpretation of the facts. The dissertation argues that these metapragmatic discourses articulate an institutional technology for the management of competing claims to propositional truth. How they justify the use of these pragmatic markers reveals, furthermore, that these technologies of truth are dialogic. Pragmatic markers allow legal advocates to project social voicing contrasts in adversarial settings, allowing them to associate the utterances of their courtroom rivals with the voice of dubious social characters, reducing the propositional value of their claims to truth. An analysis of metapragmatic discourses thus reveals the dialogic dimensions of the language of the law that relate language, agency, and power in the verbal constructions of institutional knowledge. It clarifies the ways that law students, as legal advocates, learn to incorporate broadly circulating ideologies of linguistic differentiation in their legal discourse.
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Karakira, Steve, of Western Sydney Macarthur University, and Faculty of Education. "Lexis versus text : the case for translating English legal texts into Arabic." THESIS_FE_XXX_KARAKIRA_ S.xml, 1997. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/19.
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The thesis explores the nature of the difficulties involved in translating legal texts, focusing mainly on translating English legal texts into Arabic. It shows that these difficulties fall into two categories, structural and terminological. the latter being more problematical. The language of law is distinct, rigid, precise and too formal. The difficulty arises when a translator's exposure to the cultural and legal environments of his working languages is unbalanced. This could lead a translator to misunderstand not only the significance of the specialised terms used, but also the distinctive features of syntax and register of the original language text. The other, and more significant, difficulty arises from the lack of equivalence at the term level in the two languages. The research was conducted in two parts. In the first part, original legal texts in both English and Arabic were analysed, and the linguistic exponents extracted and compared. In the second part of the research, the development process of the English and Arabic legal terminology were considered, and the differences in terminology imposed by the different nature of the legal environments explored, including the adversarial versus inquisitorial systems. An empirical study concludes the thesis. It consists of a questionnaire and a list of legal terms which twenty translators were asked to complete. The results of the research are quite controversial. The argument is that difficulties involved in legal translations are more conceived than real in so far as textual, syntactic and structural features are concerned. The similarities between English and Arabic legal texts in this respect are striking. The confusion and indecisiveness which usually reign when translating English legal texts into Arabic will be alleviated through providing examples from contemporary Arabic legal texts, accompanied by textual and linguistic analyses. The real difficulty is in the field of terminology. However, a corpus of terms in the criminal code is discussed, focusing on terms with direct application to the Australian situation. This should be of direct benefit to Arabic translators and interpreters in Australia and other English-speaking countries.Master of Arts (Hons) (Translation)
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Peszle, T. L. (Theresa L. ). "Language rights in Québec education : sources of law." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=26751.
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This study first provides general background on the public education system of Quebec, and the Canadian and Quebec legal systems. Legal background information includes: the classification of Canadian laws; the Common Law and Civil Law traditions of law, and the definitions of sources of law of each tradition; Quebec's bijurisdictional legal system; the court system of Quebec; Constitutional sources of law; and, the role of the Judiciary in Canadian education.This thesis is a documentary study of the sources of law which establish language of instruction rights in Quebec. Its purpose is to assist educators, students of education, and other lay persons of law to gain understanding of the legal bases upon which the Judiciary formulate decisions in matters of language of instruction. Common Law and Civil Law legislative and case law sources, which are applicable to Quebec, are identified and examined, and relevant sources presented.
In addition to providing a summary for Common Law sources, and for Civil Law sources, a chronological summary is given, which reveals six main periods in the development of language of instruction provisions in Quebec.
The conclusion is that the primary sources of law for language of instruction in Quebec are: s. 93 of the Constitution Act, 1867, and case law thereunder; and, the judicial interpretation and provisions of s. 23 of the Constitution Act, 1982. Future case law in Quebec may reveal s. 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, 1982 to be the most significant source of law for the preservation of minority English language instruction, institutions, and rights of management and control.
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Lambertini, Andreotti Julia. "Comprehension of legal discourse in interpreter-mediated judicial proceedings." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/397782.
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Als procediments judicials a Califòrnia, les persones que no parlen anglès reben l’ajut d’un intèrpret per a tenir les mateixes oportunitats que aquells que entenen anglès. Aquesta finalitat s’articula en un codi ètic, que també requereix que els intèrprets mantinguin la forma i registre de la llengua de sortida en la llengua d’arribada, i que no intervinguin fins i tot quan sospiten que no s’ha entès el missatge. Aquest intercanvi comunicatiu intercultural involucra oficials judicials que fan servir un registre legal formal; un nadiu de l’espanyol, d’un nivell educatiu i cultura diferent i familiaritzat amb un sistema legal (també diferent); i un intèrpret que s’ha de mantenir tan invisible com sigui possible. Aquest estudi empíric vol determinar i comparar la comprensió del llenguatge legal de registre formal de parlants nadius d’anglès i espanyol, i experimentar amb la simplificació del registre per avaluar els seus efectes en aquesta comprensió. A més a més, aquesta recerca vol compilar dades sobre les opinions dels intèrprets i els seus criteris envers el registre, el canvi de registre, i la intervenció, així com de les opinions dels advocats respecte la intervenció dels intèrprets. En consonància amb el gir sociocultural que ha afectat els Estudis d’Interpretació, aquesta investigació vol incorporar les limitacions educatives, culturals i socials del receptor meta a la interpretació legal moderna a Califòrnia, que encara es guia per principis d’equivalència formal i d’orientació cap a la llengua de sortida. Per tal de tenir en compte aquestes barreres del receptor, s’aplica un enfocament orientat al receptor meta per investigar la instància comunicativa fent servir conceptes de la teoria de l’Skopos i la noció de normes de Toury, dos marcs conceptuals que posen en dubte el paradigma de l’equivalència. La finalitat d’aquesta investigació és recopilar dades que puguin ajudar a una millor comprensió del rol de l’intèrpret i de l’eficàcia comunicativa als procediments judicials amb intèrpret.En los procedimientos judiciales de California, las personas que no hablan inglés reciben asistencia de un intérprete para que estén en igualdad de condiciones que las personas que hablan inglés. Este propósito se establece en un código de ética, que también dispone que el intérprete conserve la forma y el registro de la lengua de partida en la lengua meta, y que no intervenga incluso cuando sospeche que no hay comprensión. Esta comunicación intercultural se establece entre funcionarios judiciales que usan un registro jurídico formal; un hispanohablante que tiene otra cultura, otro nivel de educación, y otro contacto con (otro) sistema judicial; y un intérprete que debe ser lo más invisible que pueda. Esta investigación empírica se propone determinar y comparar la comprensión del lenguaje judicial formal que demuestran los angloparlantes y los hispanohablantes, y experimentar con simplificación del registro para determinar si esta simplificación afecta dicha comprensión. Asimismo, esta investigación se propone obtener información sobre el criterio de los intérpretes en cuanto al registro, la modificación del registro y la intervención, y el modo en que los abogados perciben dicha intervención. Esta investigación se propone incorporar las limitaciones sociales, culturales y educativas del receptor meta en la interpretación judicial actual de California, que aún se guía por principios de equivalencia formal y orientación hacia el texto de partida. Con el fin de considerar las limitaciones del destinatario, se adoptó un enfoque orientado al receptor para investigar esta interacción comunicativa mediante el uso de conceptos de la teoría del skopos y el concepto de normas aplicado por Toury, dos marcos conceptuales que cuestionan el paradigma de la equivalencia. El objetivo de esta investigación es obtener información que ayude a comprender con mayor profundidad la función del intérprete y la eficacia comunicativa de los procedimientos judiciales asistidos por un intérprete.
In California, non-English speakers involved in judicial proceedings are assisted by a language interpreter so that they are placed on an equal footing with those who understand English. This purpose is articulated in a code of ethics, which also requires interpreters to maintain the source form and register in the target language, and to keep silent even when non-comprehension is suspected. This intercultural communicative event involves judicial officers who use a formal register of legal language; a Spanish speaker from a different culture, education level, and exposure to (a different) legal system; and an interpreter who must be as invisible as humanly possible. This empirical research aims to find out and compare English speakers’ and Spanish speakers’ comprehension of high-register legal language, and experiment with register simplification to assess any effects on said comprehension. Additionally, this research aims to collect data on interpreters' views and awareness of register, register variation, and intervention; and on attorneys' views on interpreters' intervention. In keeping with the sociocultural turn that has made itself felt in Interpreting Studies, this research seeks to bring the social, cultural, and educational constraints of the target-language receiver into the equation of modern-day judicial interpreting in California, which is still guided by principles of formal equivalence and source orientedness. In order to account for these target constraints, a target-oriented approach was applied to investigate this communicative event borrowing concepts from skopos theory and Toury’s notion of norms, two conceptual frameworks that challenged the equivalence paradigm. The aim of this research is to collect data that will help gain a better understanding of the interpreter's role and the communicative effectiveness of interpreter-mediated judicial proceedings.
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Mak, Kit-man, and 麥潔雯. "A functional approach to subordinate relations in legal translation (Chinese-English)." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43959209.
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McGrory, Orla. "Legal translation and terminology in the Irish Free State, 1922-1937." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2018. https://pure.qub.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/legal-translation-and-terminology-in-the-irish-free-state-19221937(1d337793-2d72-4fb5-a936-bf92517746c1).html.
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This thesis explores the role and impact of Rannóg an Aistriúcháin - the Oireachtas Government Translation section - on English-Irish legal translation and terminology, with particular focus on the period 1922-1937; a period bookended by the establishment of the Irish Free State and the enactment of Bunreacht na hÉireann (the Constitution of Ireland) in 1937. It aims to assess the efficacy and consistency of the translation strategies and Irish legal terms employed by Rannóg an Aistriúcháin, and to investigate how modern translation theory – specifically equivalence theory – may be applied to English-Irish legal translation as a whole. While a semantic study of the English and Irish versions of the amended 1937 Constitution has previously been carried out (Ó Cearúil, 1999), there has yet to be any specific study of other translated English-Irish legislative material within the Irish Free State or, indeed, of any laws translated within the Rannóg. This is an area which holds great research potential as regards assessing the efficacy of a particular body of translations, as the position of the Irish language in the Republic of Ireland is a unique one. Not only is Irish an official language of the European Union, but it enjoys constitutional status as the National and First Official language of the Republic of Ireland, with Article 25.4.6o of the Irish Constitution 1937 providing that: ‘In case of conflict between the texts of a law enrolled under this section in both the official languages, the text in the national language shall prevail’. In other words, should the Irish translation deviate in any way from its English legislative counterpart, it is the Gaelic translated legislation - along with all its construed connotations and associations - which has the upper hand. With this reasoning in mind, this thesis takes a corpus of EN-GA legislative material translated by Rannóg an Aistriúcháin during the period 1922-1937, from which legal terms are chosen for analysis and qualitatively and semantically assessed in the context of Equivalence translation theory and legal translation. Ultimately, this thesis provides a new critical assessment of the reliability of Irish language legal terminology in primary legislation from this period; an analysis of how Equivalence theory may be applied to EN-GA legal translation as a whole; and provides some guidelines for future endeavours in English-Irish legal translation and terminology.
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Piscaglia, Nicola. "Deep Learning for Natural Language Processing: Novel State-of-the-art Solutions in Summarisation of Legal Case Reports." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/20342/.
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Deep neural networks are one of the major classification machines in machine learning. Several Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have been developed and evaluated in recent years in recognition tasks, such as estimating a user base and estimating their interactivity. We present the best algorithms for extracting or summarising text using a deep neural network while allowing the workers to interpret the texts from the output speech.
In this work both extractive and abstractive summarisation approaches have been applied. In particular, BERT (Base, Multilingual Cased) and a deep neural network composed by CNN and GRU layers have been used in the extraction-based summarisation while the abstraction-based one has been performed by applying the GPT-2 Transformer model. We show our models achieve high scores in syntactical terms while a human evaluation is still needed to judge the coherence, consistency and unreferenced harmonicity of speech. Our proposed work outperform the state of the art results for extractive summarisation on the Australian Legal Case Report Dataset. Our paper can be viewed as further demonstrating that our model can outperform the state of the art on a variety of extractive and abstractive summarisation tasks.
Note: The abstract above was not written by the author, it was generated by providing a part of thesis introduction as input text to the pre-trained GPT-2 (Small) Transformer model used in this work which has been previously fine-tuned for 4 epochs with the”NIPS 2015 Papers” dataset.
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Lindahl, Carolina. "English in the Swedish Legal System and University Law Programme." Thesis, Stockholm University, Stockholm University, Faculty of Law, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-26222.
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This paper presents a critical overview of the current use of English within legal education and the legal profession in Sweden. In addition, it attempts to characterize attitudes towards the use of English within Swedish law practice. The paper will make use of information obtained from a selection of law firms, the Swedish National Courts Administration and the Swedish Public Office of Prosecution. It will also make use of comments and information from a selection of professionals and other bodies such as the European Commission, the Swedish Language Council and the Swedish Bar Association. The central aim of this essay is to present a clear picture of the extent to which English is actually used within current Swedish legal practice. It directly addresses the question of whether the level of English that Swedish law graduates are exposed to in their legal studies adequately provides them with the skills required by the professional legal world.
It is claimed that there is an apparent miscommunication between legal education and its corresponding profession, which is creating a very unfortunate situation for students. In addition, it is suggested that redesigning the Swedish law programme, as a response to the demands of English within the Swedish legal profession, is necessary to properly prepare students for legal practise in Sweden. The law programme must function as a platform for theoretical growth as well as the future, practical success of students. Striving for excellence among students should not be restricted to the theoretical aspect of a subject but must include the ability of students to put their theoretical knowledge to practical use. It is argued that English is a needed supplement in the successful practise of law in Sweden and as such must be an integrated part of the legal education program.
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Janse, van Rensburg Leanne. "The violence of language : contemporary hate speech and the suitability of legal measures regulating hate speech in South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001866.
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This thesis unites law and social science so as to give a comprehensive account of the phenomenon of racial hate speech in South Africa as an obstacle to transformation. Hate speech is presented as a form of violent language and an affront to the constitutional rights of freedom of speech, equality and dignity. To establish the nature of hate speech, the fluid quality of language is explored so as to show how language can be manipulated, on the one hand, as a means to harm, and employed, on the other hand, as a tool to heal and reconcile. This double gesture is illustrated through the South African linguistic experience of past hate and segregation and the current transformation agenda. It is through this prism that hate speech regulation is discussed as an uneasy fit in a country where freedom of expression is constitutionally protected and where language plays an important role in bringing about reconciliation, and yet words are still being employed to divide and dehumanise. This reality necessitates a clearly articulated stance on the regulation of language. The thesis accordingly interrogates the current legal standards in relation to hate speech with reference to international law that binds South Africa and the constitutional standard set for the regulation of language and the prohibition of hate speech. Thereafter, the current and proposed legislative prohibitions on hate speech, the residual common law provisions governing expression and the regulation of language in the media are outlined and analysed. These legal frameworks are explored in terms of their content and their application in various fora so as to ascertain what the South African approach to hate speech prohibition is, whether it is consistent and, ultimately if it is indeed suitable to the South African experience and the realities of language. This thesis concludes that contemporary hate speech measures lack a coherent understanding of what hate speech entails and a general inconsistency in approach as well as application is found in the treatment of hate speech complaints in South Africa. This is explained through the fallibility of language as a medium to regulate expression and solutions are offered to not only taper current and proposed hate speech provisions but to also consider alternative forms of resolving hate speech complaints
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Maja, Innocent. "Towards the protection of minority languages in Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/5848.
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The purpose of this study is to understand the nature and scope of protection of minority languages and assesses how international human rights law can protect minority languages in Africa. Focuses on three questions: (1) What is the normative content of language rights?, (2) To what extent does the African human rights system
protect minority languages? and 3) What measures can be taken at the national and regional levels to improve respect for and protection of minority languages in Africa?’Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2007.
Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Law University of Pretoria, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Masters of Law (LLM in Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa). Prepared under the supervision of Mr E.Y. Benneh of the Faculty of Law, University of Ghana.
http://www.chr.up.ac.za/
Centre for Human Rights
LLM
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Ferreira, Andriette. "The legal rights of the women of ancient Egypt." Diss., [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://etd.unisa.ac.za/ETD-db/ETD-desc/describe?urn=etd-03112005-145236.
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Jončienė, Reda. "Teisinio proceso dalyvių kalba." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2009~D_20090828_132220-90048.
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Darbe nagrinėjama, kaip sakytinė kalba keičiama į rašytinę, kokie pagrindiniai sakytinės kalbos bruožai, kokios klaidos daromos baudžiamosios bylos medžiagoje. Darbo šaltinis –baudžiamųjų bylų medžiaga. Dalis sakytinės ir rašytinės kalbos ypatybių sutampa – daromos panašios leksikos klaidos, vartojama terminija. Teisinei rašytinei kalbai nebūdingi intarpai, pasikartojimai, tačiau menko išsilavinimo žmonių rašytinės kalbos pavyzdžiuose jų yra. Teisinės kalbos bruožai: gausu dalyvių, ypač neveikiamosios rūšies, pusdalyvių, padalyvių,. Dominuoja ilgi beasmeniai sakiniai, daug terminų, tarptautinių žodžių, reikiamybės dalyvių, suvestinių tarinių, būdingi įvairūs netaisyklingos teisinės kalbos pasakymai.The study analyses the main features of spoken language, the process of changing spoken language into written, describes the mistakes, which appear in material of criminal law cases. The source of the study – material of criminal law cases. It should be noted, that part of features of spoken and written languages coincide – similar mistakes of lexis are being done, similar terminology is being used. Despite the fact that inserts, frequencies are not common for written laguage, in the examples ofwritten language of uneducated people they nevertheless appear. The features of legal language: a plenty of participles, expecially passive, dominant long impersonal sentences, many legal terms, international words, gerundives, cumulative predicates, common various expressions of irregular legal language.
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Beckman, Kristina. "COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE AND SECOND LANGUAGE ABILITIES IN THE JUSTICE SYSTEM: A FORENSIC LINGUISTIC ANALYSIS OF A CHINESE IMMIGRANT'S RUN-IN WITH THE LAW." Diss., Tucson, Arizona : University of Arizona, 2005. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu%5Fetd%5F1219%5F1%5Fm.pdf&type=application/pdf.
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Дорда, Світлана Володимирівна, Светлана Владимировна Дорда, and Svitlana Volodymyrivna Dorda. "Про проблеми термінологічної багатозначності у мові юридичного дискурсу." Thesis, Національний технічний університет України «Київський політехнічний інститут імені Ігоря Сікорського, 2014. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/59483.
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Мова юридичного дискурсу є одним з найбільш своєрідних комунікативних кодів, які традиційно використовуються в інституціональному середовищі. Юридичне функціонування мови - особливе середовище, в якому існують свої внутрішні закономірності, що склалися у правотворчих і правозастосовчих процесах, закріплені у спеціальних законодавчих актах чи прийняті в юридичній практиці. Воно визначається рядом факторів як лінгвістичного, так і екстралінгвістичного порядку.Language of legal discourse is one of the most unique communicative codes that are traditionally used in the institutional environment. Legal functioning of language - a special environment, which has its own internal laws prevailing in the law-making and enforcement processes embodied in special legislation adopted or in legal practice. It is determined by several factors such as linguistic and extra-fine.
Мова юридичного дискурсу є одним з найбільш своєрідних комунікативних кодів, які традиційно використовуються в інституці о нал ь н ому середовищі. Юридичне функціонування мови - особливе се¬редовище, в якому існують свої внутрішні закономірності, що склалися у правоїворічіх і правозасто-совуючих процесах, закріплені у спеціальних законодавчих актах чи прийняті в юридичній практиці. Воно визначається рядом факторів як лінгвістичного, так і екстралінгвістичного порядку.
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Wenestam, Arvid. "Labelling factual information in legal cases using fine-tuned BERT models." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statistiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-447230.
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Labelling factual information on the token level in legal cases requires legal expertise and is time-consuming. This thesis proposes transfer-learning and fine-tuning implementation of pre-trained state-of-the-art BERT models to perform this labelling task. Investigations are done to compare whether models pre-trained on solely legal corpus outperforms a generic corps trained BERT and the model’s behaviour as the number of cases in the training sample varies. This work showed that the models metric scores are stable and on par using 40-60 professionally annotated cases as opposed to using the full sample of 100 cases. Also, the generic-trained BERT model is a strong baseline, and a solely pre-trained BERT on legal corpus is not crucial for this task.
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Donayre, Lobo Gabriel. "The Legal Interpretation: Proposals for its Application in Tax Law." Derecho & Sociedad, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/118642.
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The first half of this report contains the concept of interpretation and its relationship with the written language. In addition, it proposes how the ambiguity of the language is one of the main problems for legal interpretation. The second half of this report establishes which components of the legal interpretation are, from a theoretical perspective –according to doctrine and practice– following jurisprudence, criteria and methods of interpretation allowed in Law. This part also proposes a route for the legal interpretation in Tax Law. The third part of this report contains the interpretation of two resolutions from the Tax Court following the described route.En la primera parte del artículo se determina el concepto de interpretación y su relación con el lenguaje escrito. Asimismo, se plantea la ambigüedad como uno de los principales problemas que se presenta en la comprensión del lenguaje escrito, así como en la interpretación jurídica. En la segunda parte del artículo se plasman los componentes de la interpretación jurídica, desarrollando desde un punto de vista teórico-doctrinario y práctico-jurisprudencial, los criterios y métodos de interpretación admitidos por el Derecho. Asimismo, se propone un itinerario para la interpretación en el Derecho Tributario. En la tercera parte se desarrolla la interpretación de dos resoluciones del Tribunal Fiscal, utilizando el itinerario propuesto.