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Salazar, Furiati Maria E. "Legal implications of telecom convergence in the U.S." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=31172.
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Convergence has blurred the artificial limits that traditionally existed between separated sectors and services. In particular, technological convergence united cable and telephone networks as convenient platforms for the provision of numerous new telecommunications services. The advent of the Internet and the development of other services started a race for the acquisition of broadband transmission that has, in part, prompted a number of corporate mergers between the major telephone, cable, and Internet service providers.This thesis analyzes the legal implications of the convergence of cable operators and telephone carriers in the United States of America (U.S.). The analysis was conducted in light of the 1996 Telecommunications Act's provisions, the Federal Communications Commission's reports and orders, and under the critical approaches of the cable and telephone industries. This thesis presents recommendations addressed to promote an equal regulatory treatment for all telecommunications competitors in the U.S.
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Ribeiro, Luana da Silva. "O marco legal (CT&I) no sistema nacional de inovação do brasil : uma avaliação de indicadores selecionados /." Araraquara, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/182117.
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Orientador: Rogério GomesBanca: Ana Paula Macedo Avellar
Banca: Tatiana Massaroli de Melo
Resumo: Pretende-se, por meio desta pesquisa, apresentar a política Novo Marco Legal da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação e sua importância dentro do Sistema Nacional de Inovação no Brasil. Através de um comparativo com indicadores de países selecionados será possível verificar que o Marco Legal é um impulso dentro do que se entende por políticas de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação. Para realização dos comparativos foi utilizado dados do Banco Mundial e do Índice Global de Inovação. A política Marco Legal surgiu em 2016 e foi sancionada em 2018 para fortalecer a Lei da Inovação de 2004 que enfrentava instabilidade institucional e entraves na transferência do fluxo de conhecimento. Ficou claro que eram necessárias reformulações, pois as complexidades entre os setores públicos e privados permaneciam. Neste sentido, o Marco Legal de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação surge com intuito de desburocratizar as parcerias público-privadas, disciplinar as relações entre governo, empresas e universidades para facilitar a transferência de conhecimento buscando um arcabouço legal e eficaz para estimular o desenvolvimento científico e tecnológico do Brasil. Por fim, a contribuição desta pesquisa dar-se-ia no sentido de apresentar a política Marco Legal e sua relevância para o Sistema Nacional de Inovação brasileiro e para o desenvolvimento social e tecnológico do Brasil.
Abstract: It is intended, through this research, to present the policy New Legal Framework of Science, Technology and Innovation and its importance within the National System of Innovation in Brazil. Through a comparison with selected country indicators, it will be possible to verify that the Legal Framework is an impulse within what is meant by Science, Technology and Innovation policies. To make comparisons, we used data from the World Bank and the Global Innovation Index. The Legal Framework policy came into being in 2016 and was enacted in 2018 to strengthen the 2004 Innovation Law that faced institutional instability and impediments in transferring the flow of knowledge. It was clear that reformulations were necessary because the complexities between the public and private sectors remained. In this sense, the Legal Framework for Science, Technology and Innovation arises with the aim of reducing bureaucratic public-private partnerships, disciplining relations between government, companies and universities to facilitate the transfer of knowledge, seeking a legal and effective framework to stimulate scientific and technological development. technological development in Brazil. Finally, the contribution of this research would be to present the Legal Framework policy and its relevance to the Brazilian National Innovation System and to the social and technological development of Brazil.
Mestre
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Jokani, Mkhuseli Christopher. "Innovations introduced into the South African criminal justice by the child justice Act 75 of 2008." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1571.
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The Child Justice Act 75 of 2008 has brought about some new elements in the South African Criminal Justice system in cases involving children in conflict with the law. The changes require that children in conflict with the law should be treated differently from adult accused persons. The Act is now regarded as a Criminal Procedure for children in conflict with the law. In other words the emphasis is on ensuring that children are diverted away from the formal Criminal Justice provided that children acknowledge responsibility. One of the elements that is introduced by the Act is the Preliminary Inquiry that is an informal, pre- trial procedure that must be held in respect of every child that is alleged to have committed an offence. The role of the Presiding Judicial Officer is very active during this stage because he is the one that takes charge of the proceedings and the role of the Prosecutor and the Legal Representative is very minimal. The purpose of the Preliminary Inquiry is in the main to determine whether a child in conflict with the law could be diverted if the provisions of section 52 (1) of the Act are complied with. Preliminary Inquiry if properly used will have possible benefits for the South African Criminal Justice system in that cases involving children will be timeously be finalised and the turn around time for criminal cases in general will possibly improve. Same will translate in the confidence of the citizens being improved in the Justice system. The second element that is introduced by the Act is formalised diversion into the Criminal Justice System. Diversion had for a number of years before the coming into operation of the Child Justice Act been used in South Africa but it was informal. The diversion that is envisaged by the Act is restorative in nature in that the Act seeks to involve the child offender, the victim, the community members to collectively identify and address harms, needs and obligations through accepting responsibility, making restitution, taking measures to prevent recurrence of the incident and promoting reconciliation. Restorative Justice is not a new invention in the South African legal system it is a return to traditional patterns of dealing with conflict and crime that had been present in different cultures throughout human history. Restorative Justice has been understood as Ubuntu in the African context. The Truth and Reconciliation Commission demonstrated the benefits of restorative justice in dealing with conflicts that had a potential of setting the country alight. Restorative Justice has evolved in South Africa throughout different historical epochs up to the current legal conjuncture. It has now been endorsed with success in precedent setting cases in the High Courts of the Republic and the Child Justice Act has now fully institutionalised it into the Criminal Justice system. One hopes that it will be extended beyond cases involving children in conflict with the law but to adult accused persons. Various pieces of legislation attempt to endorse the principles of restorative justice but are not as comprehensive as the Child Justice Act. There are 4 instances where a matter may be diverted in terms of the Act: (i) By a Prosecutor in terms of section 41; (ii) Diversion at Preliminary inquiry; (iii) Diversion before the closure of state case at trial; (iv) At any time during trial but before judgement. There are 2 diversion options that are provided by the Act that is level one diversion option in respect of schedule 1 offences and level 2 diversion options in respect of schedule 2 and 3 which are much more serious. The Act further entrenches Family Group Conference as well as Victim Offender Mediation which are restorative justice mechanisms. The legal consequences of diversion are that when the child has successfully complied is equivalent to an acquittal. The last element is the multi sectoral approach to crime fighting in that all role players should work together in dispensing justice to children in conflict with the law. The days of working in silos are now over because everybody has a role to play and there has to be collaboration at all levels. The Act entrenches the public private partnerships particularly in helping to rehabilitate and reintegrate children to society. The Act provides for the establishment of One Stop Child Justice Centres. The purpose is to promote cooperation between government departments, non governmental organisations and civil society to ensure integrated and holistic approach in the implementation of the Act. The Act further provides for the development of the National Policy Framework by the Departments of Justice and Constitutional Development, Social Development, Correctional Services, South African Police Services, Education and Health within 2 months of the commencement of the Act. The purpose is to ensure uniform, coordinated and cooperative approach by all government departments, organs of state and institutions in dealing with matters of child justice and enhance service delivery. This study seeks to examine the innovations brought about by the Child Justice Act into the South African Criminal Justice System. The study further explores the possible benefits that may accrue to the Criminal Justice System because of Preliminary Inquiry, Restorative Justice and the Multi Sectoral Approach to crime.
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Barnardt, Gerard Louis. "Electronic communication in the workplace : employer vs employee legal rights." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49942.
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Thesis (LLM)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The monitoring of electronic communication is likely to face all employers sooner or later. The rapid advancement in technology aimed at helping to monitor electronic communication, makes it easier than ever before for employers to monitor the electronic communications of their employees. There are important questions to consider when dealing with the topic of monitoring electronic communication. Examples include "mayan employer legally monitor electronic communications?" and "how does monitoring affect the employee's right to privacy?" This thesis is an attempt to answer these and other related questions by analysing, inter alia, South African legislation, the Constitution and case law, as well as comparing the law as it applies in the United Kingdom and the United States of America. The analysis and conclusion offered in this thesis aim to provide theoretical consideration to academics and practical application for employers that are faced with the reality of monitoring electronic communications.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Alle werkgewers sal waarskynlik die een of ander tyd met die monitering van elektroniese kommunikasie gekonfronteer word. Die snelle voortuitgang in tegnologie wat daarop gemik is om te help met die monitering van elektroniese kommunikasie, maak dit vir werkgewers makliker as ooit tevore om sodanige kommunikasies van hulle werknemers te monitor. Daar is egter belangrike vrae wat oorweeg moet word wanneer die onderwerp van monitering van elektroniese kommunikasie ter sprake kom. Voorbeelde hiervan is "mag 'n werknemer regtens elektroniese kommunikasies monitor?" en "hoe raak monitering die werknemer se reg tot privaatheid?" Hierdie tesis is 'n poging om hierdie en ander verwante vrae te beantwoord deur die ontleding van, onder andere, Suid-Afrikaanse wetgewing, die Grondwet en die reg soos deur hofuitsprake ontwikkel, sowel as vergelyking van die reg soos wat dit van toepassing is in die Verenigde Koninkryk en die Verenigde State van Amerika. Die ontleding en gevolgtrekking wat in hierdie tesis aangebied word, is gemik op die verskaffing van teoretiese oorweging aan akademici en praktiese toepassing vir werkgewers wat met die realiteit van die monitering van elektroniese kommunikasies gekonfronteer word.
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Levinson, Bernard M. "Deuteronomy and the hermeneutics of legal innovation /." New York : Oxford University press, 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb392171600.
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Billings, Dr Donald G. "Disruptive Innovation Within the Legal Services Ecosystem." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7119.
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Most law firms have done little to address the opportunities and threats related to potentially disruptive technology (DT), such as artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML). The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore strategies that law firm leaders in the United States used to address the potentially detrimental influences of DT, such as AI and ML, on their organizations. The systems approach to management was employed as the conceptual framework. Data were collected from 6 participants at 2 international law firms with offices in California using semistructured interviews and organizational artifacts. Data were analyzed using Miles, Huberman, and Saldana's data analysis method, resulting in 4 themes: recognizing the legal ecosystem and legal firms are open systems, but organizational subsystems often function as semiclosed systems; acknowledging that while DT represents the most significant potential challenge in the near future, the immediate challenge is improving technology, which requires organizational adjustments; recognizing the need for firms to invest more heavily in innovation generation activities; and realizing the need for increased utilization of augmenting technologies, such as AI or ML, to streamline nonadvisory outputs. The findings of this study might support best practices for addressing DT and contribute to social change by outlining ways in which firms can lower costs to clients while increasing access to legal services for those in underserved communities.
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Poinsot, Lisa. "Contribution à l'étude de la contrainte du temps dans le contrat de travail." Thesis, Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2021. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDSJPG/2021/2021LILUD014.pdf.
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La « Contribution à l’étude de la contrainte du temps dans le contrat de travail » propose de vérifier les effets de la représentation du temps par le Droit face aux difficultés qu’engendrent les évolutions impactant le travail salarié. Le Droit et le temps sont intrinsèquement liés : le Droit matérialise et objectivise le temps alors que ce dernier justifie notamment les innovations juridiques. Cette forte influence mutuelle du temps et du Droit amène à se questionner sur la pertinence de la représentation juridique du contrat de travail face à l’usage massif des algorithmes au sein du travail salarié. Pour répondre à cette problématique, cette étude entend démontrer la création d’une représentation juridique du contrat de travail du fait de la perception du temps par le Droit, ainsi que la transformation de la perception du travail salarié, en prenant appui sur l’intelligence artificielle et les plateformes numériques. Une réponse se profile dès lors : la représentation juridique du contrat de travail, résultat de l’action du Droit sur le temps, peut servir de socle de protection du travailleur face à l’importante utilisation de l’intelligence artificielle et des plateformes numériques. L’adaptation de la représentation juridique du contrat de travail permettrait de bénéficier des avantages de ces progrès technologiques tout en encadrant leur usageThe « Contribution to the study of the time constraint in the employment contract » proposes to verify the effects of the representation of time by the Law in the face of the difficulties generated by the evolutions impacting employed labour. Law and time are intrinsically linked: law materialises and objectifies time, while the latter justifies legal innovations. This strong mutual influence of time and law leads us to question the relevance of the legal representation of the employment contract in the face of the massive use of algorithms in salaried work. To answer this question, this study intends to demonstrate the creation of a legal representation of the employment contract due to the perception of time by the Law, as well as the transformation of the perception of salaried work, based on artificial intelligence and digital platforms. An answer is therefore emerging: the legal representation of the employment contract, the result of the action of the Law on time, can serve as a basis for the protection of the worker in the face of the important use of artificial intelligence and digital platforms. The adaptation of the legal representation of the employment contract would make it possible to benefit from the advantages of these technological advances while supervising their use
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Gridchyna, Inna. "Utilisation de la norme juridique comme instrument de régulation du marché des médicaments innovants en Europe et en France." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR21951/document.
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L’innovation permet d’améliorer la santé des patients mais elle est aussi importante pour le développement économique du secteur pharmaceutique. En dépit de son importance, la définition de cette notion dans le domaine de la santé est très complexe. Dans notre travail nous apportons des éléments de réponse à la définition de la notion de « médicament innovant » dans une perspective communautaire et nationale. Puis nous avons procédé à une analyse des normes juridiques appliquées à la régulation du marché des médicaments innovants. L’Union européenne, ainsi que la France, mettent en œuvre des initiatives politiques favorisant la recherche dans le domaine de l’innovation pharmaceutique. Les normes juridiques sont utilisées pour organiser un accès précoce aux médicaments prometteurs ; elles peuvent également inciter au développement de médicaments innovants et jouer un rôle important dans leur valorisation. Une étude comparative entre la France et l’Angleterre a mis en évidence une tendance au développement d’outils similaires utilisés dans le champ de la régulation du marché des médicaments innovants. Enfin, dans ce domaine dans lequel l’innovation n’est pas définie par les usagers, le cadre juridique joue un rôle crucial, renforcé à l’heure actuelle par un contexte de contrainte budgétaireInnovation improves the health of patients, and it is also important for economic development of the pharmaceutical sector. Despite its importance, the definition of this concept in the field of healthcare is very complicated. In our work we provide answers to the definition of the term "innovative drug" from European community and national perspectives. Then we analyze the use of legal norms in regulating the market of innovative medicines. The European Union and France have policy initiatives encouraging research of innovative drugs. Legal standards are used to organize early access to promising drugs, they also serve to promote the discovery of innovative drugs, as well as play an important role in the development of these drugs. A comparative study between France and England showed the tendency in using the same tool regulating the market of innovative drugs. Finally, in the field where innovation is not defined by the users a legal framework plays a crucial role, and considering current budget constraints, its role is strengthened
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Devaney, Sarah. "The regulation of innovation : legal and ethical issues in stem cell research." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.601485.
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Cassar, Bertrand. "La transformation numérique du monde du droit." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020STRAA002.
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L’histoire de notre société est indissociable de celle des professionnels du droit. Ces derniers constituent le lien entre le justiciable et l’État. Ils garantissent, notamment, la mise en œuvre de sa prérogative régalienne de dire le droit et de rendre la justice. Toute évolution dans leurs activités a des répercussions sur l’ensemble des citoyens. Depuis une cinquantaine d’années, les professions judiciaires et juridiques connaissent de profondes mutations, tant par des modifications successives de leur statut que par l’apparition de techniques informatiques. Le phénomène de la transformation numérique s’est, d’autant plus, accru par la mise à disposition de données ouvertes, encourageant l’émergence d’acteurs proposant des services numériques à destination du monde du droit et du justiciable, les LegalTech. Ces entités, à l’instar des éditeurs juridiques, favorisent la diffusion de techniques au sein des pratiques, ainsi qu’elles consolident leurs activités, en tant qu’intermédiairesOur society’s history is intricately linked to that of legal professionals. They are the connection between the subjects of legal proceedings and the State, giving it the opportunity to implement its sovereign prerogative of serving justice. Each evolution in their activity therefore has repercussions on all citizens. In the past fifty years legal professionals have known profound changes. These mutations affect them in many ways, for instance by the modification of their legal status. They have also changed the way they work by the progressive introduction of new technologies. The recent phenomenon of digital transformation has been accentuated by the apparition of open data which has encouraged new actors, known as LegalTech, to cater digital services to legal circles. Just like legal publishers, these new entities foster the diffusion of new techniques which are then applied by legal professionals. They therefore consolidate their position, acting as intermediaries to legal circles
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Stappert, Nora. "International courts and legal innovation : the politics and practices of interpretation in international criminal law." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:fc01d1e2-806d-48b3-88fe-88fd710426e1.
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In international criminal law (ICL), legal meaning has been developed substantially through the judgments of international courts. Compared to some of their prosecutorial decisions, however, the way in which international judges have interpreted legal provisions has remained relatively uncontested. This study uses practice theory as a particularly fruitful lens through which to study the politics of legal interpretation. It analyses the conditions under which the creation of a comparatively uncontested judicial space became possible as an interplay between political commitments and the professional assumptions of ICL experts. The study argues that international criminal courts - unlike hybrid courts - have been accorded a particularly high degree of interpretive authority through what will be called the 'practice of privileged precedent'. It traces how this interpretive practice has been shared across institutional settings within a broader interpretive community, including by government officials and civil society representatives. Through this research, this thesis emphasises the relevance of legal interpretation for IR's understanding of international law and international courts. Drawing on legal theory, it also addresses one of the key challenges of IR's practice turn: its capacity to account for the creative potential of international practices. Methodologically, the thesis combines qualitative and quantitative forms of content analysis, elite interviews, and legal interpretive methods. It is based on an examination of over 100 judgments of international and hybrid criminal courts interpreting the crime of genocide and the law of war crimes, including judicial decisions delivered by the International Criminal Court (ICC), the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY), the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR), and the Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL). This analysis is supplemented by 28 elite interviews with judges and legal experts at international criminal courts, staff at civil society organisations, and government officials working for the British and German foreign offices.
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Silivarajoo, Punitha. "Policy and legal framework for green technology innovation funding and governance : the case of Malaysia." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/60670.
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This research proposes a Policy and Legal Framework for Green Technology Innovation for Malaysia, focusing on (i) Funding and Financing and (ii) Governance and Institutional Mechanisms. The concept of Green Technology gained attention in Malaysia in 2009 after the inception of the National Green Technology Policy and the establishment of a dedicated Ministry that oversees Green Technology. The motivation for the scope of this research was a result of the emphasis placed by the National Green Technology Policy on the area of Research, Development and Innovation (RD&I), as a strategic thrust that could contribute to the development and application of Green Technology in Malaysia. However, preliminary research reveals existing issues with the governance and institutional mechanisms, where there is a lack of policy coherence, institutional gaps, and jurisdictional discrepancies that hinder implementation of Green Technology and Green Growth measures in Malaysia. The researcher, through this research, identifies the gaps and discrepancies, provides justifications for strategic actions and recommends a comprehensive policy and legal framework with an Implementation Guide for Green Technology Innovation, specifically focusing on funding and financing and governance and institutional mechanisms. This research is purely qualitative which derives best practices and qualitative data from case studies. To support the validity of the research findings, interview sessions were conducted in the European Commission, relevant agencies in South Korea and Malaysia. A survey was administered amongst the key players of the innovation ecosystem in Malaysia that derived qualitative data which was used to strengthen the data on the current scenario in Malaysia. A case study analysis of the policies and legal interventions employed in the European Union, South Korea and Malaysia were used to support the findings of this research further. In addition to the recommendations and an implementation guide, a Multi-Criteria Framework was developed to assist in prioritising Green Technologies for funding and financing decision making. This research hopes to unveil the issues indicated above with suitable recommendations that could assist in reducing the barriers and limitations faced by Malaysia in achieving its goal of being a sustainable and inclusive High-Income Nation.
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Fitzgerald, Sharon. "The regulation of medicinal products : an analysis of the impact on pharmaceutical innovation, consumer safety and legal redress." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1998. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23780.
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The adverse consequences of the use of thalidomide in the 1950s and 1960s by pregnant women, instigated law reform in the United Kingdom and Europe, in relation to product liability and the regulation of medicinal products. In this Thesis, it is suggested that a legislative framework should balance three elements: consumer safety, legal redress and pharmaceutical innovation. Chapter Three examines the development of the legislative framework in the United Kingdom following thalidomide and considers the impact of the Medicines Act 1968, the Medicines for Human Use (Marketing Authorisations Etc.) Regulations 1994 and the Consumer Protection Act 1987, together with European legislation, on medicinal products. This Chapter also examines the role of regulatory bodies such as the Medicines Control Agency, the Committee on Safety of Medicines, the European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products and the Committee on Proprietary Medicinal Products. Chapter Four analyses the three above mentioned elements and, in particular, discusses: the centralised and decentralised licensing procedures; the definition of "relevant medicinal product"; the regulation of homeopathic products, herbal products and medical devices; conflicts of interest; transparency of licensing procedures; the legal status of medicinal products; promotion by the pharmaceutical industry; information supplied to patients; pharmacovigilance; and the development risks defence. The Author concluded that the legislative framework had struck an appropriate (albeit imperfect) balance between the elements of pharmaceutical innovation, consumer safety and legal redress. The Author further concluded that issues such as patents, prescribing errors and legal aid, which are outwith the control of the Medicines Act 1968 and the Consumer Protection Act 1987, impact on the balance of these three elements. In the future, the Author suggested that research should be conducted in areas such as transparency of regulatory action, the regulation of herbal products, and the improvement of prescribing and dispensing practices.
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Schneider, Hendrik. "Rezension zu: Legal upheaval : a guide to creativity, collaboration, and innovation in law / Michele deStefano. Chicago 2008. ISBN 781641051200." Universität Leipzig, 2018. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A32047.
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Founder and Content Curator of CEJ, Michele DeStefano recently published her new book
Legal Upheaval: A Guide to Creativity, Collaboration and Innovation in Law, adressing
the overthrow in the market for legal services and the associated challenges for the sector.
Michele DeStefano is the founder and director of LawWithoutWalls and a Professor of
Law at Miami Law. She is an expert in entrepreneurship in the law. Her scholarship
focuses on the growing intersections between law and business and legal entrepreneurship.
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Leeb, Christina-Maria [Verfasser]. "Digitalisierung, Legal Technology und Innovation. : Der maßgebliche Rechtsrahmen für und die Anforderungen an den Rechtsanwalt in der Informationstechnologiegesellschaft. / Christina-Maria Leeb." Berlin : Duncker & Humblot, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1238487092/34.
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Burchevskyy, Oleksiy. "Are we ready to drive to the sky?: personal air- land vehicles within the modern air law framework and Theory of Legal Innovation." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=32361.
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This work is a futuristic excursion to the would-be world of flying cars. It examines the impact on modern aviation law of possible future roadable aircraft, referred to as Personal Air-Land Vehicles. It first addresses theoretical impact which new technological advance would have on the legal system. The main focus is made on the way the law adapts technical inventions through such main approaches as legal analogy and legal innovation. Later it is discussed how the invention of Personal Air-Land Vehicle would influence current law. Cross-jurisdictional comparison of ultralight aviation regulations is a core of such study. The paper also examines history and future of roadable aircraft.Ce travail consiste en une incursion dans le futur monde des automobiles volantes. Il traite de l'impact qu'auront ces futures voitures volantes, plus communément appelés Voitures Personnelles Terre-Air, sur le droit moderne de l'aviation. Ce travail abordera dans un premier temps la théorie générale sur l'impact qu'ont les développements technologiques sur les systèmes juridiques. Une attention particulière sera accordée aux principes d'analogie et d'innovation juridiques en tant qu'approches aux inventions nouvelles. Ensuite nous procéderons à une étude des influences probables qu'auront les Voitures Personnelles Terre-Air sur le droit moderne. Une approche comparative pluri-juridique des régimes d'aviation ultralégère sera au cœur de cette étude. Ce travail examinera ensuite l'histoire et le futur de ces voitures volantes.
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Wessels, Carina Helena. "To IOT or not IOT : a critical analysis of the key legal considerations applicable in internet of things of implementations in the mining industry." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/60113.
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The research introduces the fourth industrial revolution philosophically, exploring the application of innovation and automation in broad terms and the Internet of Things (IoT) specifically within the mining industry. It explains the business and societal motivation for such interventions, highlighting some of the key benefits. It further explores the inadvertent risks, some of which have already manifested in mining applications and others which can be inferred from other industrial and social applications.
A critical analysis is conducted of the application of the South African Mine Health and Safety Act and Regulations on such applications in the mining environment, as well as considering key other pieces of South African legislation. A comparative analysis with Australian legislation confirms that Western Australia has recognised the need for regulation and have started regulating, primarily mining automation, at least. Through these analyses it is established that a legislative vacuum exists, despite the general application of many requirements in relation to safety considerations during the utilisation of IoT applications.
The paper concludes by recommending collaboration between the Department of Mineral Resources and the Chamber of Mines to seek ways to lead legislative and regulatory developments in this space in order to enable the sustainability of the South African mining industry. In particular, the research suggests the emphasis should be to legally encourage and permit the implementation of IoT solutions in the mining industry in as many instances as reasonably possible, whilst consecutively addressing the new and emerging risks created through such.Mini Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2016.
Public Law
LLM
Unrestricted
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Ebner, Stephan, and Hendrik Schneider. "A crisis sparks innovation - The Covid-19 pandemic s a catalyst for evolution in the legal world?: An interview with Stephan Ebner and Hendrik Schneider." Universität Leipzig, 2021. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A74479.
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Guedes, Carlos Eduardo Paletta. "Para além da dogmática: a imaginação narrativa no ensino jurídico." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2017. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/4812.
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A presente pesquisa parte de uma análise crítica da educação jurídica brasileira, primordialmente voltada para a linguagem oficial do Estado, pouco reflexiva, enciclopédica e afastada de qualquer imaginação ou empatia. Nesse contexto, iniciativas inovadoras que quebrem esse paradigma merecem ser pesquisadas, tal como a disciplina Instituições de Direito, da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, com seu método pedagógico que inclui filmes e plataforma online, objeto dessa dissertação. A pergunta de pesquisa consiste em verificar se a disciplina Instituições de Direito, na forma como foi estruturada e organizada, pode auxiliar na promoção do pleno desenvolvimento do educando no processo de formação jurídica, para além de uma análise dogmática estrita. Utilizando o conceito de cultivo da humanidade de Martha C. Nussbaum como marco teórico, realizou-se uma pesquisa empírico-qualitativa a partir de dois filmes trabalhados em aula (Grande Sertão: Veredas e Senhor das Moscas) e textos produzidos pelos estudantes, como unidades de análise, a fim de verificar se aquele método desenvolvia as capacidades elencadas por Nussbaum, notadamente a imaginação narrativa. A análise qualitativa indica que as inovações têm se mostrado eficazes ao desenvolver essas capacidades, incluindo uma maior percepção cívica e empática por parte dos estudantes.
The present research begins with a critical account of Brazilian legal education, devoted primarily to official State language, lack of reflexiveness, encyclopaedic and far from any imagination of empathy. In this context, innovative initiatives that break this paradigm deserve to be researched, such as the focus of this dissertation, the discipline Institutions of Law taught at the Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, which adopts a pedagogical method, which encompasses movies and an online platform. The research question is whether Institutions of Law, as it has been conceived and organized, may contribute to the development of the student in the acquisition of juridical skills beyond the exclusive dogmatic analysis. Using Martha C. Nussbaum concept of cultivating humanity as theoretical reference, empirical-qualitative research was implemented, taking two movies presented during the classes (Grande Sertão: Veredas and Lord of the flies) as well as the collaborative texts elaborated by the students as units of analysis, so as to verify if this method has been effective in fostering the capacities Nussbaum describes, especially the narrative imagination. The data and the qualitative analysis indicate that those innovations have been successful in developing those capacities, especially an increased civic and empathic perception.
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Touré, Aminata. "L'influence des nouvelles technologies dans l'administration de la justice pénale." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM1081.
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Procédant dʼune volonté de modernisation et de rationalisation de lʼinstitution judiciaire, la présence des nouvelles technologies dans l’administration de la justice pénale est croissante. Ces outils esquissent un changement sans précédent, dans une institution pourtant marquée par un certain traditionalisme. Touchant aux aspects juridiques, symboliques, humains, et gestionnaires de lʼintervention judiciaire, cette émergence du numérique pose les jalons de la justice pénale du XXIe siècle. Inexorablement, le formalisme qui caractérise lʼinstant de justice, procédural ou ritualisé, subit de profondes modifications, parfois dans le sens dʼune altération ; le fond culturel fondamental de la justice pénal est alors mis à lʼépreuve. Entre influence néfaste et renouveau bénéfique, les apports de ces instruments du travail judiciaire sont marqués par lʼambivalence. La résistance obstinée semble inadaptée, et le modernisme irréfléchi au nom d’une optimisation des moyens de l’institution, à proscrire. Seule la régulation de lʼusage dʼoutils qui sʼimmiscent jusque dans le contenu de la décision de justice peut être gage dʼune évolution harmonieuse. Afin que cette transition technologique nʼinduise pas une dénaturation de lʼintervention judiciaire, mais constitue au contraire, une aide à la relégitimisation dʼune justice pénale encore traversée par une crise à la fois de confiance et fonctionnelle, un véritable processus dʼintégration des nouvelles technologies doit sʼinstaurer, mêlant considérations éthiques, juridiques et institutionnellesAs a result of a will to modernize and rationalize the legal institution, the use of new technologies in criminal courts administration is increasing. Nowadays, those tools of communication, information, and management represent essential ways of evolution of justice, at the heart of its performance. They imply an unprecedented change for an institution marked by a certain traditionalism. Related to judicial, symbolic, human and managerial aspects of the legal intervention, the emergence of digital is paving the way of (characterizing) the criminal justice in the XXI century. Inexorably, the formalism characterizing the justice moment, procedural or ritualized, is going through deep changes. Sometimes those changes are distorting the cultural founding of criminal justice. Between bad influence and beneficial renewal, the inputs of these judicial work tools are characterized by ambivalence. The obstinate opposition is inadequate. As the thoughtless modernism to optimize the institution tools, is to proscribe. The regulation of the tools’ practice, which is even involved in the content of the justice decision, is a necessity to ensure a smooth evolution. In order to avoid a denaturation of the legal intervention, a real integration processs of new technologies should be established, mixing ethical, legal and institutional considerations. In that way, this technological transition will be helping to legitimate the criminal justice, still affected by a functional and trust crisis
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Villas, Bôas Paulo de Carvalho. "As parcerias tecnológicas no SUS: o novo marco legal da ciência e tecnologia e as novas oportunidades para FIOCRUZ." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/19732.
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Submitted by Paulo de Carvalho Villas Bôas (paulovillasboas82@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-01-12T15:07:18Z
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Purpose - The work consists in the accomplishment of a qualitative study regarding the technological partnerships signed within SUS and the opportunities brought to the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation's partnerships with the advent of the "new legal framework of science and technology" (Law 13243/2016) under the Constitutional Amendment 85/2015. Design/Methodology - In this aim, the work initially seeks to delimit the term "technological partnerships", defining what “technological” activities are and what are considered "partnerships" for the purposes of the study. From the delimitation, the work then places such covenants in the ambit of the SUS, highlighting its relevance in facing the current challenges of the sector, the so-called " challenges of the SUS " (FIOCRUZ, 2015), in which Fiocruz emerges as one of the protagonists. At the end, the study then goes on to identify, from a descriptive and explanatory perspective, the new opportunities that opened up for Fiocruz, as a Public Scientific, Technological and Innovation Institution (ICT) of the SUS, with the new S&T legislation. Findings - From the systematic analysis of the entire normative body modified by the new legal framework, the study identifies the new legal opportunities for Fiocruz and presents a specific contracting model for the Foundation's technological partnerships. Research limitations - The main limitations of the study are the terminological imprecision of the terms "partnership", "technological" and "opportunities", the confidentiality of data and its qualitative nature, which gives a certain degree of subjectivity to its conclusions and propositions. Practical implications- The study presents technical and objective proposals before the new legal perspectives to optimize the use of these instruments in the fulfillment of the institutional mission of Fiocruz. Social implications- The study presents a set of propositions for exploring the entire "mosaic" of new legal opportunities for the benefit of Fiocruz, as a public ICT of the SUS, in the achievement of its institutional mandate and in the best interests of Brazilian public health. Originality - The work deals with an extremely recent legislation with poor specific bibliography, mainly under a Public Administration approach and, to our knowledge, does not have any institutional precedent
Objetivo- O trabalho consiste na realização de um estudo qualitativo a respeito das parcerias tecnológicas firmadas no âmbito do SUS e das oportunidades trazidas para as parcerias da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz com o advento do “novo marco legal da ciência e tecnologia” (Lei 13.243/2016) sob os auspícios da Emenda Constitucional 85/2015. Metodologia - Nesse desiderato, o trabalho busca inicialmente delimitar o que são propriamente as chamadas “parcerias tecnológicas”, definindo o que compreendem atividades “tecnológicas” e o que são consideradas “parcerias” para fins do estudo. A partir da delimitação o trabalho então situa tais avenças no âmbito do SUS, destacando sua relevância no enfrentamento de desafios atuais do setor, os chamados “desafios do SUS” (FIOCRUZ, 2015), no qual a Fiocruz desponta como um dos protagonistas. Ao final o estudo passa então à identificação em abstrato, sob uma perspectiva descritiva e explicativa, das novas oportunidades que se abrem para Fiocruz, na qualidade de Instituição Científica, Tecnológica e de Inovação (ICT) pública do SUS, trazidas pelo indigitado “novo marco legal de C&T”. Resultados - Da análise sistemática de todo o corpo normativo alterado pelo novo marco legal o estudo identifica quais são as novas oportunidades legais para Fiocruz e apresenta um modelo de contratação específico para as parcerias tecnológicas da Fundação. Limitações – As principais limitações do estudo são a imprecisão terminológica das expressões “parceria”, “tecnológica” e “oportunidades”, a confidencialidade de dados e a natureza qualitativa do estudo que confere certo grau de subjetividade às conclusões propugnadas. Contribuições práticas - O estudo apresenta propostas técnicas e objetivas ante às novas perspectivas legais para otimização do aproveitamento desses instrumentos na consecução da missão institucional da Fiocruz. Contribuições sociais – O estudo apresenta um conjunto de proposições para exploração de todo o “mosaico” de novas oportunidades legais em proveito da Fiocruz, como ICT pública do SUS, na consecução de sua missão institucional e, bem assim, no melhor interesse da saúde pública nacional. Originalidade – O trabalho trata de legislação extremamente recente, carente de bibliografia específica, mormente sob o enfoque da Administração Pública e, pelo nosso conhecimento, não possui precedente em âmbito institucional
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Richter, Wolf R. "'Better' regulation through social entrepreneurship? : innovative and market-based approaches to address the digital challenge to copyright regulation." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:8d609027-8605-4815-a499-3d2981028a24.
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After the initial excitement about the Internet as a space outside of governmental control has evaporated and courts in several states have applied national laws to ‘Cyberspace’, there is now a consensus among scholars that regulators have in principle the authority and capacity to regulate the Internet. Nevertheless, the application of the established tools of regulation - legislation and adjudication - to the current challenges to copyright regulation posed by the Internet has proven to be ineffective and produced undesirable side effects. Although market self-regulation has been suggested as a more efficacious approach to regulating the Internet and has proven effective in content regulation and Internet governance, the market has so far been unsuccessful in providing an effective and efficient remedy to the challenges to copyright regulation. The purpose of this thesis is to examine a novel approach to regulation and analyse its benefits and limitations. The novel approach defies the conceptualisation as co- and self-regulation, but introduces the solution from outside the regulated environment through entrepreneurship and innovation, and relies on the forces of the market to become effective. In this thesis, I analyse the regulatory systems implemented by two private organisations, Noank Media and Creative Commons, in China’s reportedly ineffective copyright law environment and find that their market-based and innovative approach to regulation can be understood as a form of social entrepreneurship. Social enterprises have been claimed to deliver social goods more effectively and efficiently than governmental intervention, because they are said to rely on local knowledge, to be driven by the demand of the stakeholders, and to be focused on social value creation. Based on quantitative and qualitative fieldwork with Noank Media’s and Creative Common’s stakeholders in China I analyse to what extent these two enterprises managed to successfully leverage the assets of social entrepreneurship. I conclude that while the novel approach has demonstrated the potential to produce more effective and more efficient regulation, it does not automatically result in Better Regulation. Further efforts are required to ensure participation, transparency, and public accountability, and to avoid regulatory fragmentation.
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Kamkar, Paradis. "Le photovoltaïque, une « innovation verte » à l'épreuve du droit : analyse synthétique et critique du cadre juridique photovoltaïque visant le particulier à la Réunion." Thesis, La Réunion, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LARE0018.
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Sous l'impulsion de l'Union européenne et de l'ouverture des marchés, le droit de l'énergie a considérablement évolué ces dix dernières années. Les textes en matière d'énergie solaire photovoltaïque se sont amplifiés depuis la loi « Pope » jusqu'aux lois « Grenelle I » et « Grenelle II », et récemment avec la loi n° 2015-992 du 17 août 2015 relative à la transition énergétique pour la croissance verte, suivies de nombreux décrets pour leur application et une jurisprudence de plus en plus abondante en la matière. Il en résulte un ensemble considérable de textes évolutifs et complexes dont l'accès reste difficile à appréhender et à appliquer. Cette instabilité des règles régissant la matière – certes inévitable au regard des nécessaires changements requis par toute innovation – est source d'insécurité juridique et s'avère extrêmement déstabilisante pour les acteurs du secteur en quête de visibilité. En outre, l'installation d'une centrale de production d'électricité photovoltaïque au sein de son habitation, est à la fois un projet d'investissement et une opération de construction immobilière, qui exige des garanties tant sur le plan financier qu'au niveau de la construction (sûretés et assurances) pour permettre de mieux maîtriser les risques et rassurer les parties au projet. Néanmoins, les nombreux freins contractuels, administratifs et financiers ralentissent le développement du photovoltaïque et se heurtent aux ambitions de promouvoir cette « électricité verte » sur l'ensemble du territoire et notamment parvenir à l'autonomie énergétique de l'île de La Réunion. Ainsi, cette étude présente et analyse le droit de l'énergie photovoltaïque, visant notamment le particulier à La Réunion, sous ses différents angles (fiscal, financier, contractuel, administratif, urbanistique, des responsabilités) – à jour des textes les plus récents – et en explicite les modalités d'application à la lumière des multiples textes réglementaires, législatifs, guides professionnels et de la jurisprudence, que ce soit celle des tribunaux ou des autorités de régulationFacing a weakening photovoltaic market and a sector already bedeviled recently by a huge increase of legal texts, private investors decrease. This thesis tackles legal framework concerning photovoltaic energy in Reunion Island. This will include the analysis of fiscal incentives such as investment grants and tax preferences, as well as more general environmental policy instruments (feed-in-tariffs and renewable subsidies and grants). Moreover, this will include the analysis of contracts such as loan agreement, sale contract, lease agreement and connection/Commissioning contracts, as well as more environmental aspect. At last, risks, insurances, liability comprising legal proceedings and guarantees will be studied in this thesis
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Sperandio, Henrique Raimundo do Carmo. "Desafios da inteligência artificial para a profissão jurídica." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/23977.
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As conquistas recentes obtidas com o auxílio de ferramentas de Inteligência Artificial (IA) provocam curiosidade crescente e, ao mesmo tempo, geram certo desconforto. Indagações quanto à possibilidade de a IA substituir o trabalho do homem ou à eventualidade de que a máquina possa vir a pensar como um ser humano aparecem quando se discorre a respeito da interação da máquina com a sociedade. Aparentemente, há consenso entre os especialistas sobre o fato de que a IA seja uma tecnologia importante na prática do Direito. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar tal tecnologia ao leitor, identificar seus principais impactos na profissão jurídica e mapear os desafios que aparecerão do conflito e da confusão gerados pelas mudanças tecnológicas. Como a discussão sobre o alcance da IA é recente, foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica a respeito do tema. Para tanto, foi consultada a literatura especializada publicada por meio das mídias tradicionais durante os últimos dez anos no Brasil, nos Estados Unidos e na Europa. Para relatar a abrangência da tecnologia em questão, optou-se por pesquisar experiências de empresas brasileiras que estejam desenvolvendo ferramentas de IA para o mundo jurídico, bem como comentar experiências de escritórios de advocacia na discussão e implementação de atividades relacionadas com a IA. O trabalho de revisão bibliográfica foi complementado com a exposição de relatos de empresas que atuam no desenvolvimento de ferramentas de IA, nos setores público e privado, bem como de colaboradores de escritórios brasileiros que têm estudado formas de utilização dessas ferramentas. Este trabalho aponta para a importância de se acompanhar a utilização das ferramentas da IA na profissão jurídica. Tal tendência pode contribuir para a liberação do tempo do advogado, permitindo-lhe concentrar-se em funções estratégicas, e está alinhado com a demanda dos clientes por serviços a preços cada vez mais competitivos, representando um incentivo para que sejam encontradas formas alternativas de realização do trabalho dos advogados. A pesquisa referente ao desenvolvimento de tais ferramentas é fundamental e deve ser aprofundada. Faz-se necessário, também, discutir a grade de formação do advogado, com o objetivo de capacitar o aluno a atuar com conhecimentos ampliados que lhe permitam trabalhar como um agente multidisciplinar na indústria de serviços legais.
Recent achievements coming from Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools provoke increasing curiosity while generating some discomfort. Inquiries about the possibility of AI replacing human work or the possibility that the machine may think like a human appear when discussing the interaction of the machine with society. There seems to be consensus among scholars that AI is an important technology in law practice. The objective of this work is to present the technology to the reader, to identify the main impacts of AI in the legal profession, and to map the challenges that will arise from the conflict and the confusion generated by the technological changes. Since the discussion about the scope of AI is recent, a bibliographical review of the specialized literature, over the last 10 years, has been carried out on traditional media from Brazil, the United States and Europe. In order to report the scope of the AI, the experiences from both Brazilian companies that are developing AI tools for the legal world and from law firms in the discussion and implementation of activities related to AI have been researched. The bibliographical review work was complemented by the reports of companies that work in the development of AI tools both in the public and private sectors, as well as by the experience related by Brazilian legal firms who have studied ways of using these tools. This work points to the importance of accompanying the use of AI tools in the legal profession. Such a move can contribute to the lawyer's time release by allowing him to focus on strategic functions and is aligned with customer´s demand for services at increasingly competitive prices, representing an incentive to find alternative ways of performing the lawyers´ work. The research concerning the development of such tools is fundamental and should be deepened. It is necessary to discuss the lawyer´s training grid with the objective of enabling the student to act with expanded knowledge in order to enable him to work as a multidisciplinary agent in the legal services.
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Boidart, Emeline. "La réglementation des drones civils au niveau international : entre progrès technologiques et problématiques juridiques." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE3033.
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Les drones font aujourd’hui partie de notre quotidien. Ces objets nous entourent de plus en plus et traversent les frontières. Qu’ils soient utilisés à but récréatif, dans le domaine militaire ou bien pour des activités professionnelles, les drones connaissent un développement fort, une croissance sans précédent. Ce développement consistera à traiter du sujet des drones civils à usage professionnel qui représentent le plus vaste domaine des aéronefs sans pilote. Les drones de loisirs, tout comme les drones militaires, ont une croissance importante, mais moindre par rapport aux drones civils professionnels.Ces nouvelles technologies possèdent un potentiel considérable pour de nombreuses entreprises qui se lancent dans la prestation de services par le biais d’aéronefs sans pilote. De plus en plus d’activités sont développées dans de nombreux secteurs, les entreprises prennent conscience de la capacité de travail que peuvent représenter ces appareils, et il est important de mener à bien ce marché prometteur. Force est de constater qu’aucune activité n’est réellement possible sans cadre juridique. En quelques années, nous avons vu l’usage des drones se démocratiser. L’actualité a montré que cette utilisation se faisait quelque fois de manière dangereuse et négligente, avec de nombreux incidents relevés. Il est donc nécessaire de mettre en place des règles que chaque utilisateur doit respecter, que ce soit pour un usage à but récréatif ou professionnel. La France, et quelques États dans le monde, font partie des précurseurs à avoir travaillé de manière exhaustive sur une réglementation. Celle-ci est certes stricte, peut-être même trop, mais elle permet néanmoins d’éviter au mieux les dérives voire les accidents.Aujourd’hui encore beaucoup d’États n’ont pas adopté de réglementation concernant l’activité de drones au sein de leur territoire. Cela pose un sérieux problème de sécurité, puisque dans ces États, des activités de drones sont réalisées alors qu’aucune règle à suivre n’a pour le moment été donnée.Pourtant, les entreprises ont un réel besoin de réglementation pour développer au mieux leurs activités, travailler sur de nouvelles technologies. Les innovations ont toujours la nécessité d’avoir un cadre juridique solide, pour savoir quel est leur champ d’action. Le droit va de pair avec les progrès technologiques, et pourtant celui-ci connaît souvent un retard de développement par rapport aux innovations. Les États se trouvent face à la croissance toujours plus importante des activités de drones sur leur territoire, alors qu’aucune réglementation n’a été instaurée. Une réglementation est donc nécessaire pour tous les États, pour encadrer au mieux l’utilisation des aéronefs sans pilote et garantir une sécurité suffisante pour tous.Petit à petit, les États prennent conscience de l’importance de mettre en place des règles, certains ont effectué un travail complet en la matière, et d’autres s’en inspirent et commencent à réfléchir sur le sujet.Tous les États existants dans le monde représentent autant de réglementations possibles, même si certaines se ressemblent, le droit des drones est loin d’être unifié. Au contraire, il est multiple et très diversifié, ce qui peut poser un problème dans ce domaine.Il serait nécessaire de travailler sur une convergence, une harmonisation, entre toutes les réglementations existantes et qui se développent encore aujourd’hui. Il semble évident que le but de ce droit est de permettre une intégration pleine et entière des drones dans l’espace aérien mondial, parmi les autres usagers de la circulation aérienne générale que sont les aéronefs habités, civils ou militaires. Cette intégration est essentielle pour permettre aux États comme aux entreprises de travailler de manière commune sur des propositions réglementaires permettant une meilleure gestion du trafic aérien, ainsi qu’une cohabitation améliorée de toutes ces nouvelles technologies dont les activités ont encore un énorme potentiel à développerToday, unmanned aircrafts are undeniably part of our daily lives. These objects surround us more and more and cross the borders, because it is not only in France that these devices become more and more known, but also in the whole world. Whether they are used for recreational purposes, in the military field or for professional activities, unmanned aircrafts are experiencing strong development, unprecedented growth.This development will consist here of dealing with the subject of civilian commercial UAVs which undoubtedly represent the largest field of unmanned aircraft. Indeed, recreational UAVs, like military ones, have a significant growth, but less than civilian professional unmanned aircrafts.These new technologies have a great potential for many companies which work on service delivery through unmanned aircraft. More and more activities are being developed in many sectors, companies are becoming aware of the work capacity that these devices can represent, and it is important to carry out this promising market.However, it is clear that no activity is really possible without a legal framework. Indeed, in a few years, we have seen the use of UAVs becoming more democratic, especially in France. Current events have shown that this use is sometimes dangerous and careless, with many incidents noted. It is therefore necessary to put in place rules that each user must respect, whether for recreational or professional use.France, and some States in the world, are among the forerunners to work extensively on a regulation. This one is certainly strict, maybe even too much, nevertheless it makes it possible to avoid accidents.However, even today many States have not worked on regulations on the activity of unmanned aircrafts within their territory. This is a serious security problem, since in these States, UAVs activities are carried out whereas no rule has yet been given.Companies are on the front line, they have a real need for regulation to develop their business, working on new technologies. Innovations always need to have a solid legal framework, to know what their scope is.Law goes hand in hand with technological progress, and yet it is often lagging behind innovation. As a result, States are facing ever-increasing growth of UAVs activities on their territory, while no regulation has been introduced. Regulation is therefore necessary for all States, to better regulate the use of unmanned aircraft and to guarantee sufficient security for all.Little by little, States are becoming aware of the importance of putting rules in place, some have done a comprehensive job on the subject, and others are building on them and starting to think about it.Of course, all existing States in the world represent as many regulations, even if some are similar, the right of unmanned aircraft is far from unified. On the contrary, it is multiple and very diverse, which can be a problem in this area.Indeed, it would be necessary to work on a convergence, a harmonization, a consensus between all existing regulations and which are still developing today. It seems obvious that the purpose of this right is to allow full integration of unmanned aircrafts in the world's airspace, among other users of the general air traffic, civilian or military ones.This integration is essential to enable both States and companies to work together on regulatory proposals for a better air traffic management, as well as improved cohabitation of all these new technologies whose activities still have an enormous potential to develop
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Márquez, Escobar Carlos Pablo. "Critical analysis of the justification and economic fundamentals of the intellectual property rights system." Derecho & Sociedad, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/117974.
Full textAbstract:
The author claims that, from a general perspective, the economic analysis of infonnation and its relation with law presents a strong inefficiency. The author develops a study ofthe economic incentives in general and the manner how prívate property is constituted as the principal but is not the only one of the economic incentives for the production of information and innovation. In strict sense, the author explores the ontology of property, showing that it does not allow the inclusion of immaterial and intangible goods since the modern fundamentals of such institution come form the appropriation and the homesteading rule, categories incompatible with the ontology of information. Into such argumentation, the author studies the economic incentive theories for information and innovation, initiating with the study of the characters of information and the fallacies that always had surrounded such good. The author concludes showing that intellectual property rights are not the product of an evolutionary process, but, on the contrary, they come from privileges conceded by the State, which its justification and fundament is invalid and equivocal due to the incompatibility of the property and the homesteading rule with the ontology of information.El autor argumenta que, desde una perspectiva general, el análisis económico de la información y su relación con el derecho presenta una ineficiencia liminar. Para ello, desarrolla un estudio de los incentivos económicos en general y de la manera como la propiedad privada se constituye en el principal pero no el único de los incentivos económicos a la producción de información e innovación. En sentido estricto el autor hace una ontología de la propiedad, demostrando que ella no permite la inclusión de bienes inmateriales o intangibles en tanto que el fundamento moderno de tal institución proviene de la apropiación y la ocupación, categorías incompatibles con la naturaleza de la información. Dentro de tal argumentación, el autor se fundamenta en el espectro de los incentivos económicos para la producción de información e innovación, iniciando con un estudio de la naturaleza de la información y las falacias que siempre han rodeado a dicho bien. El autor concluye mostrando que los derechos de propiedad intelectual no son el producto de un proceso evolutivo de una institución como la propiedad, sino que, por el contrario, ellos proceden de privilegios concedidos por el Estado, cuya justificación y fundamento es inválido y equivoco debido a la incompatibilidad del ser de la propiedad y la ocupación con la ontología de la información
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Шапенко, Людмила Олександрівна, and Shapenko L. O. "Адміністративно-правові засади надання страхових послуг у сфері інвестиційно-інноваційної діяльності авіаційних підприємств." Thesis, Національний авіаційний університет, 2020. http://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/41381.
Full textAbstract:
Шапенко Л.О. Адміністративно-правові засади надання страхових послуг у сфері інвестиційно-інноваційної діяльності авіаційних підприємств. Дис.... к.ю.н., спец.: 12.00.07. Київ, Національний авіаційний університет, 2020, 216 с.Дисертаційне дослідження спрямоване на вирішення наукового завдання, яке полягає у обґрунтуванні теоретичних положень щодо визначення та характеристики адміністративно-правових засад надання страхових послуг у сфері інвестиційно-інноваційної діяльності авіаційних підприємств. Досліджено світовий досвід державного регулювання страхової діяльності та виділено три основні моделі регулювання страхового ринку: традиційну; дуалістичну; модель мегарегулятора. Виділено провідний орган, що здійснює державне регулювання у сфері страхових послуг – Національна комісія, що здійснює державне регулювання у сфері ринків фінансових послуг. Саморегулівні організації страховиків розглянуті з позицій суб’єктів із делегованими повноваженнями щодо регулювання у сфері страхових послуг. Визначено функції діяльності суб’єктів регулювання надання страхових послуг у досліджуваній сфері: регулятивна, контрольна, організаційна (нормортворча діяльність, державна реєстрація, контроль, пруденційний нагляд, ліцензування тощо). Охарактеризовано чинники стратегічного, тактичного та теоретико-правового характеру, які мають бути враховані при встановленні пріоритетних напрямів адміністративного регулювання. Запропоновано шляхи вирішення актуальних проблем вдосконалення адміністративно-правового регулювання надання страхових послуг у сфері інвестиційно-інноваційної діяльності авіаційних підприємств. Диссертационное исследование направлено на решение научной задачи, которая заключается в обосновании теоретических положений по определению и характеристике административно-правовых основ предоставления страховых услуг в сфере инвестиционно-инновационной деятельности авиационных предприятий. Исследован мировой опыт государственного регулирования страховой деятельности и выделены три основные модели регулирования страхового рынка. Выделен ведущий орган, осуществляющий государственное регулирование в сфере страховых услуг – Национальная комиссия, осуществляющая государственное регулирования в сфере рынков финансовых услуг. Определены функции деятельности субъектов регулирования предоставления страховых услуг в исследуемой сфере. Предложены пути решения актуальных проблем совершенствования административно-правового регулирования предоставления страховых услуг в сфере инвестиционно-инновационной деятельности авиационных предприятий. The dissertation research is aimed at solving a scientific issue, which consists in substantiation of theoretical provisions regarding the definition and characteristics of administrative and legal principles of providing insurance services in the sphere of investment and innovation activity of aviation enterprises. The Institute of Insurance has been studies in a broad sense – from the standpoint of providing legal protection of the rights and legitimate interests of the subjects of investment and innovation activity. This, in turn, made it possible to define the provision of insurance services in the field of investment and innovation activity as legal relations that arise in order to protect the property interests of individuals and legal entities (investors) in case of insurance events defined by the contract in the course of their investment and innovation activity by underwriters’ payment of insurance payments. The content and peculiarities of administrative and legal principles of providing insurance services in the sphere of investment and innovation activity of aviation enterprises, which are manifested in the stages and means of administrative and legal regulation of providing these services, are revealed. The world experience of state regulation of insurance activity is investigated and three main models of regulation of the insurance market are distinguished: traditional; dualistic; megaregulator model. The analysis of changes in the functioning of the national model of regulation of activity in the insurance market shows that the process of reforming the system of state regulation of the financial market of Ukraine corresponds to the current global tendencies of consolidation of control and supervisory functions in a single institution, which will help create the conditions for economic growth and fulfillment of the tasks of integration into the European and world community. The leading body that implements state regulation in the field of insurance services – the National Commission, which implements state regulation in the field of financial services markets – has been identified. Self-regulatory organizations of insurers are considered as entities with delegated powers to regulate relations in the field of insurance services, which have mandatory and optional functions, taking which into account, the institution of self-regulation of the insurance market in Ukraine should develop. The functions of activity of subjects of regulation of insurance services provision in the investigated sphere are defined: regulatory, control, organizational (regulatory activity, state registration, control, prudential supervision, licensing, etc.), as well as the algorithm of functioning of public administration bodies in the process of regulating insurance activity as a logically predetermined sequence of management actions in the implementation of the permitting and control functions is developed. The factors of strategic, tactical and theoretical and legal character that should be taken into account in establishing priority directions of improvement of the public administration system are characterized. The ways of solving topical issues of improvement of administrative and legal regulation of insurance services provision in the sphere of investment and innovation activity of aviation enterprises are offered. In particular, the expediency of using positive foreign experience in regulating the activity of insurance relations, and the necessity of developing and adopting the Insurance Code of Ukraine, the norms of which would establish the typical rules (conditions) for insurance of investment and innovation activity, are substantiated. The adoption of the Law of Ukraine “On Self-Regulatory Organizations” remains one of the priority tasks, which would provide conditions for the development of the insurance market, balance the interests of its professional participants, ensure the openness and transparency of the insurance market, reduce corruption. The system of measures of administrative and legal influence on the market of insurance services in the sphere of investment and innovation activity at the regional level is developed and scientifically substantiated. Decentralization of control and provision of administrative services in this area will have a positive impact on the investment climate of regional aviation enterprises. It is emphasized that local self-government authorities as such that along with the state authorities are interested in the favorable investment climate of the region and are empowered to exercise control functions, should increase the control over the investment process by forming the investment programs of the region, combining carefully developed investment projects of commercial and social orientation. The necessity of elaboration and adoption of the Law of Ukraine “On Digital / Electronic Economy” has been proved, the normative base of which will promote innovative development of production and economic systems of different levels and ensure long-term competitive advantage in the domestic and foreign markets.
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林紹源. "澳門政府電子政府與政府再造 : 以民政總署為個案分析." Thesis, University of Macau, 2010. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2555535.
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Schmeling, Thomas Arthur. "The dynamics of legal change a diffusion of innovations perspective /." 1999. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/42744563.html.
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Kuk, Michal. "Legal Design." Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-394262.
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- j - Legal Design Abstract Legal world found itself in a situation when it is forced by rising demand and new tech- nologies to seek new ways to practice law. It is not sufficient anymore to simply provide bare legal services without acknowledging context and users' actual needs. Some degree of automatization and cost cutting of basic legal work has found its way into the legal practice. In accordance with trends about transparency and publicity of state administration, raises also demand to make law more affordable. Legal world was able to resist changes for a long time due to the lawyers' lack of motivation to do so and clients' ignorance of possibilities base on their lack of legal understanding. However, the situation is starting to change as can be seen on rising numbers of legal innovation start-ups. There are many possible solutions to these new challenges, and one of them is Legal De- sign. This discipline tries to implement design methodology into legal services with the goal of creating valuable innovations. Fundamental is human or user-centered approach in order to provide solutions that better suites them. For example, it aims to develop contract from ex post problem solving tool, into relationship building tool. Also for judicial system to not only decide disputes, but also strengthen sense of...
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CHANG, YING-HSIN, and 張瀠心. "A Study on the Supervisory Legal System of Financial Technology Innovation." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/p6kg6v.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中國文化大學
法律學系
107
Due to the rise of Fintech, not only has Fintech attracted wide attention, but be-comes the focus of financial industry. Yet, the innovation and breakthrough special features of Fintech have great impact upon the supervisory legal system. Difficult to be fully regulated, traditional financial regulations no longer suffice to govern. Based on the above, whether relevant authorities' policies and regulations on Fintech sup-port the development of innovative companies, assist in facing the challenges of laws and regulations, and how the supervision system copes with financial technology, which will become the key to the prosperity of financial science and technology. As various economies and cultures throughout the world, each has developed his or her unique supervisory legal system of Fintech. About the end of 2017, Taiwan Legislative Yuan passed the “Financial Technology Development and Innovative Experimentation Act,’’ following the sandbox system in the U.K. However, both the industry and the academic community thought that there are still quite a few re-strictions and doubts over its substantive operation. Therefore, it is not sufficient to reflect on whether we really need a sandbox at this stage, how to improve the current supervisory system, as well as how to achieve a balance by and between the techno-logical innovation and the supervisory legal system. On the other hand, to observe the progress of innovation technology, financial services are not restricted to the financial industry alone. Cross-domain technology and Regulation Technology are increasing year by year. In addition, as the number of technology projects has increased, the regulations have been expanded at the same time. It puts a burden onto the financial institutions and innovative companies to comply with those regulations. Accordingly, how to implement compliance and how to supervise gave birth to Regtech, which is worth further in-depth study as well.
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Chiang, Meng-fang, and 江孟芳. "A Study on the Legal System of Financial Regulation in Financial Service Innovation." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/11915203085377295380.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立高雄大學
法律學系碩士班
102
This dissertation is to embraces a series of discussions arising from the liberalization and the internationalization of the development on the financial market services and the financial regulation systems. First of all, the “Financial Crisis of 2008” bringing several issues in the financial innovation filed such as financial derivatives and consumer protection will be analyzed. Secondly, there are two main legal norms in the current financial regulation systems. One is the signalization of regulation of the UK, and the other is diversification of regulation of the US. In order to improve the financial regulations and the consumer protection mechanisms, the analyses of the financial service norms, the multi-business managements, the expanding trends and the regulated operations of new financial instruments from the viewpoint of comparative law will be given. Finally, having addressed the drafts of the “Financial Service Act 2008”, furthermore having passed the “Financial Consumer Protection Act 2011” , the financial reform in Taiwan in recent years is worthy of investigation. Those issues such as whether the established criteria of marketing regulation on the further basis, the impact on fully integration specified of financial regulation, etc. will be explained in this dissertation.
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Bruneau, Mathieu. "Legal shifts : shaping expectations of intellectual property protection in an open innovation industrial environment." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/14018.
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Projet de recherche réalisé en 2014-2015 avec l'appui du Fonds de recherche du Québec – Société et culture.Ce mémoire vise à évaluer les effets de variations des attentes des firmes quant à la protection conférée par les droits de propriété intellectuelle (« PI ») pour les inventions et innovations dans un milieu industriel d’innovation ouverte. D’abord, les régimes de PI aux États-Unis et au Canada sont analysés à travers des cas jurisprudentiels et législatifs et des traités internationaux afin d’illustrer de quelle façon les normes juridiques changent et démontrer les répercussions sur les attentes des firmes. Puis, les attributs du modèle de l’innovation ouverte, où les firmes gèrent à dessein leurs relations d’affaires avec une attitude d’ouverture, sont décrits et sa pertinence est appuyée à l’aide d’un modèle simple. L’accent est mis sur son traitement distinctif des échanges de connaissances et d’intrants à l’intérieur même des firmes et entre elles. Une fois ces notions établies et s’y référant à titre d’hypothèses, un modèle microéconomique des échanges de connaissances entre firmes est élaboré, avec deux variables de choix, la PI et le secret, qui captent les mécanismes de gestion technologique des firmes. Par la tension entre ces variables, les processus de prise de décisions et les interactions entre les firmes sont évalués au moyen d’une analyse statique. Pour étudier plus en détails les choix des firmes, une version à deux joueurs du modèle est examinée au moyen de la théorie des jeux. Dans toutes ces formes du modèle, l’impact des fluctuations des attentes des firmes relativement au droit de la PI est jaugé. Tel que prévu, ces effets pour une firme changent en fonction des choix de gestion de chacune des firmes. Les effets varient également eu égard à la nature des relations à travers lesquelles les échanges de connaissance ont lieu. Dans la variante à deux joueurs, la statique comparative d’un équilibre de Nash en stratégie mixte montre que la relation avec l’autre joueur imprègne les incidences des variations du droit sur les stratégies de gestion technologique. Par exemple, une hausse des attentes de protection juridique de la PI couvrant la technologie d’une firme peut étonnamment mener cette firme à moins y recourir.
The purpose of this thesis is to assess the effects of changes in firms’ expectations of intellectual property (“IP”) law protection over inventions and innovations in an industrial environment characterized by open innovation practices. To begin, a legal analysis of IP regimes in Canada and the United States is achieved through different cases of court decisions, legal amendments and international treaties in order to show how legal standards vary and to demonstrate the repercussions of legal shifts over firms’ expectations. Then, the characteristics of the open innovation management model, in which firms adopt a purposively open mindset in their business relationships, are described, and its relevance is supported using a simple model. Emphasis is laid upon open innovation’s distinguishable treatment of intra- and inter-firm flows of knowledge and inputs. Building on these insights and using them as assumptions, a microeconomic model of firms’ knowledge flow interactions is constructed, with two choice variables that capture firms’ technology management mechanisms in an open innovation industrial environment: IP and secrecy. Through the tension between these two variables, inter-firm interactions and decision-making processes are assessed with a static analysis. To study firms’ choices in greater detail, a two-firm version of the model is then examined using game theory. Throughout, the impact of fluctuations in firms’ expectations of IP law is assessed. As expected, these effects, for a focal firm, vary depending on that firm’s technology management decisions as well as other firms’. Effects also differ with respect to the nature of knowledge flows relationships that each firm undertakes. In the two-firm game theoretic version of the model, comparative statics of a mixed-strategy Nash Equilibrium show that the relationship with the other firm qualifies the consequences of legal shifts on firms’ technology management strategies. Notably, increasing expectations of IP protection for a firm’s technology might actually result in this firm relying less on IP.
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Silva, André Tadeu Reis e. "ProLaw: ethical software aid for legal professionals." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/18376.
Full textAbstract:
A considerable part of legal professionals’ time is spent researching and analyzing legislation,
both in force and to be approved, court decisions, new trends in law, among others. Tasks such
as these are a never-ending process, as Portuguese laws and European directives and
regulations, as well as new court decisions and interpretations of the law are issued daily and
leave less time for other tasks such as drafting contracts and court briefs and petitions,
evaluating a client’s legal situation or even obtaining new clients.
As such, in the wake of artificial intelligence developments, there is room for a technological
solution to assist in all legal research and analysis tasks. Instead of researching each information
required through long public (or private) databases, ProLaw technology will provide real-time
inputs as someone is writing a legal document. Another goal is that legal professionals redirect
a part of the time saved by applying the software in pro bono cases, which could involve
litigation or general legal assistance.
The main goal of this business plan is to take advantage of two market gaps, one in the legal
industry and the other one in social service, by providing a uniform solution. This will allow
two completely separated environments to unite by exchanging assistance, knowledge,
experiences and, potentially, enabling young and less resourceful generations to reach higher
levels of knowledge and wealth.Uma parte considerável do tempo dos profissionais jurídicos é investido na pesquisa de legislação, em vigor ou por aprovar, de acórdãos, novas tendências jurídicas, entre outros. Estas tarefas são um processo interminável, dado que as leis portuguesas e as diretivas e regulamentos europeus, bem como os acórdãos e interpretações da lei, são publicados diariamente, reduzindo o tempo que estes profissionais têm para outras tarefas, como a elaboração de contratos ou peças processuais, a avaliação da situação jurídica dos seus clientes ou até mesmo a angariação de clientes. Como tal, considerando a evolução da inteligência artificial, há espaço para uma solução tecnológica para auxiliar em todas as tarefas de pesquisa e análise. Em vez de pesquisar cada informação pretendida através de longas bases de dados públicas (ou privadas), a tecnologia ProLaw providenciará dados em tempo real, enquanto o profissional redige os seus documentos jurídicos. Concomitantemente, estes profissionais poderão redirecionar parte do tempo que pouparem através do uso do software em casos pro bono, tanto respeitantes a contencioso como a assistência jurídica em geral. O principal objetivo deste plano de negócios é explorar duas falhas do mercado, uma na indústria jurídica e outra na assistência social, fornecendo uma solução uniforme. Isto permitirá que dois meios completamente separados se unam, trocando assistência, conhecimento, experiências e, potencialmente, possibilitando que gerações mais jovens e com menos recursos alcancem níveis mais elevados de conhecimento e prosperidade.
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Lee, Tsung-Chi, and 李宗冀. "Research on the principles of Science and Technology Law to establish the legal Framework of Nanotechnology Innovation." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/q7jsyz.
Full textAbstract:
碩士銘傳大學
法律學系碩士班
96
Nanotechnology is one kind of the technical industries that has developmental potential in the 21st century. Various countries consumed huge funds to its R&D and regard as national initial projects because it can bring about large-scale renewals and benefit. Nanotechnology is an applied domain by controlling atom and molecule. After countries invested a lot of time and capital in basic research and applications, scholars gradually takes seriously to the risks and social issues probably happened from Nanotechnology. The materials in Nanoscale have different characteristics from original size, and they could invade human body easily or distributed over the environment, even produce some kinds of toxicity. Besides, the development of Nanotechnology also causes humanistic subjects. All of these subjects fully demonstrate that Nanotechnology may cause risks. The difficulty of regulating Nanotechnology by law is whether use the same kinds of regulations of original materials because it doesn’t have certain conclusion about the harm from Nanotechnology at present. Moreover, countries should regard for the development of emerging science and technology with macroscopic discretion with the Science and Technology Law. Under the basic system of the Science and Technology Law, its connotation is different from the inherent regulations. When countries raise the economy and competitive power, we must think about deeply how to master the fundamental principles and balance the benefits and damages of technical development. Furthermore, we should notice the existence of conflicts when formulate the regulations of the Science and Technology Law. And we must find a successful way to combine the Science and Technology Law with the present law.
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Lin, Hsuan-Hsaio, and 林筱玄. "Using the innovation trajectory to study the ethical, legal and social implications (ELSI) arising from the gene technology." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/59147516398991793055.
Full textAbstract:
碩士立德管理學院
科技管理研究所
94
With the explosive development of gene technology, biotechnology and medical technology, the emerging therapy as faces the issues of ELSI (Ethical, Legal and Social Implications). Although gene therapy provides individualized treatment courses and therefore brings more effective treatment for diseases, it still has lots of risk and problems. In this situation, how to assess the effects of gene technology has become the most important issue when government setting the development direction of technology. In this study, “innovation trajectory” is used to discuss the ELSI arising from gene technology. The ELSI issues are characterized in the four points of innovation trajectory. The implications and corresponding solutions at the development process of gene technology are also discussed within the trajectory’s four points. This study develops a new methodology for discussing the effects of a developing technology, by taking the “innovation trajectory” as a background framework.
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Hung, Cheng-Yi, and 洪正一. "The Innovation in Taiwan’s Insider Trading Regulation－From the Perspective of Legal Interests of England and the U.S. Law." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/47383154125285689646.
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Queirós, Maria João Tomás Soares de. "A apresentação do regime português de rendimento mínimo na imprensa, em períodos de alteração legislativa." Master's thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/4135.
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Este estudo parte do pressuposto de que, no processo de mudança social estimulado pela
introdução de novas leis, a imprensa é mediadora entre a esfera legal e a esfera pública
contribuindo para formar a opinião pública, alimentando a circulação e reprodução de
representações sociais que podem ajudar a resistir ou a aceitar as novas leis. Assim, o
seu objectivo geral consiste em descrever como o regime de rendimento mínimo
português é apresentado pela imprensa, desde a sua génese até à actualidade, em
períodos de alteração legislativa. A amostra é constituída pelas notícias dos meses
anterior e posterior ao dia de apresentação da lei, decreto-lei ou proposta de lei. Foram
recolhidas 142 notícias de dois jornais generalistas, Público (N=81) e Correio da Manhã
(N=61). Para a análise de conteúdo utilizaram-se categorias a priori e categorias que
emergiram da leitura dos textos, a partir da repetição de argumentos e ideias. Realizouse
o estudo descritivo da informação e procedeu-se a uma análise interpretativa de
alguns excertos das notícias. Os resultados revelam que a) a discussão apresentada nos
jornais tem-se tornado cada vez mais insípida, menos participada e mais centralizada; b)
os principais grupos em discussão - sociedade civil, esquerda e direita política -
posicionam-se de forma diferente face à lei; c) utilizam padrões de argumentos com um
formato que acomoda sentidos contraditórios: ao mesmo tempo que a lei é aceite no
geral, é criticada quanto aos seus problemas práticos. Assim, os resultados evidenciam
formas repetitivas de resistência à mudança social quando esta é iniciada pela inovação
legal.This study starts from the assumption that, in the process of social change induced by the introduction of new laws, press is the mediator between the legal and the public spheres contributing to create the public opinion, feeding the circulation and reproduction of social representations that can help to resist or to accept the new laws. The main goal consists on describing how the Portuguese minimum income scheme is presented by the press, since its foundation to the present times, in the periods of legislative change. The sample consists on the news from one month before and one month after the presentation of the law, law-decree, and law proposal. 142 news were collected from two generalist newspapers, Público (N=81) and Correio da Manhã (N=61). For content analysis were used a priori categories, that emerged from the reading of the texts, trough the repetition of arguments and ideas. First, a descriptive study of the information was made, and then some excerpts of the texts were analyzed in a more interpretive way. The results show that a) the discussion presented in the newspapers has become insipid, centralized and less participated; b) the main groups in discussion - civil society, politic left and right – have different positions towards the law; c) they use different patterns of arguments in a format that encompasses contradictory meanings: at the same time that the law it’s accepted in general, its criticized in its practical problems. Results show repetitive forms of resistance to social change, when initiated through legal innovation.
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Li, Yi-Hsien, and 李奕賢. "A Case Study in the Legal Collection Process of Overdue Credit Improvement from the C Bank in View of the Service Innovation." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/dy6wh5.
Full textAbstract:
碩士大同大學
資訊經營學系(所)
105
After the double card crisis, the domestic banks overdue lending over the consumer finance, the FSC overdue loans to the increasingly strict supervision of the operation of supervision, and then in the subprime mortgage triggered a financial tsunami, the majority of multinational banks were severely punished by the government and strict Supervision, and actively streamline the operation of the operation and cost control. Legal operation is becoming an indispensable tool for overdue loans. However, it is difficult to simplify the procedures to reduce costs and accurately control the progress of the legal affairs, which are related to the legal profession and the rights and interests of customers, and the cumbersome and costly procedures. This paper takes the C bank of foreign bank as an example, uses the action research and analysis method, summarizes the core issues, introduces the relevant theory of service innovation and service support, and makes reference to the PDCA framework, the use of information technology integration of the legal operation platform, the standardization of legal processes, digital, to achieve the purpose of service innovation, in addition to improving the overall operation of the service process service quality, reduce costs, but also enhance the recovery rate of overdue accounts and internal and external customers of the company's trust.
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Teixeira, Roberto Filipe de Nóbrega. "Representações das leis da pesca lúdica e das populações do Sudoeste Alentejano e Costa Vicentina na imprensa." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/9214.
Full textAbstract:
Com a presente dissertação pretendeu-se analisar a caracterização das novas leis da pesca lúdica e da população do Sudoeste Alentejano e Costa Vicentina por parte da imprensa nacional e regional. Procurou-se ainda analisar como essa caracterização mudou ao longo do tempo em função das mudanças nessas mesmas leis e políticas ambientais.
A imprensa é considerada um sistema mediador na circulação de informação entre diferentes níveis, uma vez que apresenta novas leis a diferentes audiências influenciando assim a sua apropriação. Considerada ideal para o estudo da imprensa, a Teoria das Representações Sociais é o suporte teórico desta dissertação. Esta teoria aborda as relações entre mudança e estabilidade nas sociedades, capazes de absorver as inovações e ao mesmo tempo manterem-se estáveis durante longos períodos.
Foram analisadas 118 notícias da imprensa regional e nacional tendo como assunto principal a pesca lúdica, no período entre 2006 e 2014. Este período corresponde à nova regulamentação da pesca lúdica em Portugal e no Parque Natural do Sudoeste Alentejano e Costa Vicentina em específico, e caracterizou-se pela forte contestação das populações e pelas alterações das leis em vários momentos.
Era esperado que a imprensa regional e a imprensa nacional caracterizassem a legislação de formas diferentes, difundindo representações distintas acerca da importância da preservação das espécies e conservação da biodiversidade.
Os resultados revelaram diferenças entre os jornais locais e os jornais nacionais, principalmente ao nível das preocupações quanto aos efeitos práticos da legislação da pesca lúdica em contextos particulares.The present study analyzes and compares the characterization of the new laws on recreational fishing and of the population from Sudoeste Alentejano e Costa Vicentina by both local and national press. It also examines if that characterization changed across time under the changes in environmental laws and policies. The press is considered as a mediating system in the circulation of information between different levels, since it presents new laws to different publics, thus influencing its appropriation. The Social Representations Theory is the support of this thesis. This theory is considered ideal for the study of the press because it addresses the relations between change and stability in societies, which are capable of absorbing innovation and, at the same time, maintaining stability for long periods. This thesis consists of an analysis of 118 news from the local and the national newspapers having recreational fishing as the main issue, in the period between 2006 and 2014. This period corresponds to the regulation of recreational fishing in Portugal and in Parque Natural do Sudoeste Alentejano e Costa Vicentina in specific, being characterized by strong popular contestation and law adjustments in several moments. It was expected that the local press and the national press characterized the legislation in different manners, disseminating distinct representations on the importance of the protection of species and biodiversity. Results revealed differences between the local and national newspapers, mainly on the worries about the practical effects of the legislation on the particular context of the studied population.
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Van, Schalkwyk Maria Catharina Dirkschen. "Educational change : the case of Newfoundland." Thesis, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/17760.
Full textAbstract:
Text in English, abstract in English and AfrikaansDramatic changes in Newfoundland's environment and global developments during the past decade, significantly influenced growing demands for restructuring the education system of Newfoundland. Responding to these demands, Newfoundland educators succeeded in creating a single unified non-denominational education system which became fully operational at the beginning of the 1998/99 school year. This achievement has been hailed by the majority of Newfoundlanders as a monumental landmark in the provinces' lengthy experience with denominational education. As well, it is viewed as pivotal in achieving educational excellence and ensuring that children receive a relevant education that will prepare them for the demands of the next century. The former education system (which consisted of four separate denominational school systems operated jointly by the church and the state) had become too cumbersome and inefficient, thus adversely affecting the quality of education. This thesis looks in particular at the contextual realities and perspectives that influenced the demands for changing the system. Such factors as the declining school population, economic conditions, technological developments, as well as legal and political issues have distinctly changed the Newfoundland society during the past number of years, hence the necessity to restructure the education system. The thesis furthermore discusses the proposed government model for restructuring the system and highlights the proposals for improving education. It also focuses briefly on the minority rights issue in Canada, as this has bearing on the legal rights of the church to educate in Newfoundland and its current role within the new structure. An evaluation of Newfoundland's educational reform initiatives (which includes the views of key educators in Newfoundland on these issues), deals with some of the problem areas which currently exist within the new system. However, the focus centres mainly on the obvious improvements in such areas as management, organization, parent involvement, curriculum development, educational achievement and accountability. The impact of these reforms on the social, educational and political dimensions of the Newfoundland society will only become evident in time, yet they hold the promise of having a lasting impact on educational achievement. The remarkable feature of the whole reform process is, that it was achieved from within.
Die ingrypende veranderings wat die Newfoundlandse gemeenskap oor die afgelope dekade ondergaan het, tesame met ontwikkelings op wereldvlak, het aanleiding gegee tot toenemende eise om die onderwysstelsel van Newfoundland te herstruktureer. Gevolglik onderneem die Newfoundlandse regering 'n omvattende herondersoek van die onderwys wat lei tot die vorming van 'n enkele, openbare, ge'integreerde onderwysstelsel wat aan die begin van die skooljaar 1998/99 in werking tree. Hierdie prestasie word as 'n besondere keerpunt in die onderwys deur Newfoundlanders beskou, aangesien die behoud en vooruitgang van die Newfoundlandse gemeenskap en onderwys daardeur verseker word. Voorheen het die onderwysstelsel uit vier afsonderlike kerkskoolstelsels bestaan wat gesamentlik deur die staat en kerk op alle vlakke beheer en bestuur is. Hierdie eiesoortige struktuur het die onderwys al hoe meer belemmer en opvoedkundiges genoodsaak om dit te hersien. Hierdie studie kyk eerstens na die vergestaltende faktore en lewensbeskouings wat die onderwys in Newfoundland ten diepste raak. Faktore soos dalende geboortegetalle, ekonomiese toestande, tegnologiese en staatkundige ontwikkelings dra veral by tot die veranderde leefwereld van die Newfoundlander en noop die regering om die onderwysstelsel daarby aan te pas en 'n onderwysmodel vir die toekoms te ontwerp. Hierdie onderwysmodel wat alle komponente asook die struktuur van die onderwysstelsel aanraak, word vervolgens ontleed. Aandag word ook gewy aan die kwessie van minderheidsregte in Kanada, omdat dit die kerk se reg om onderwys in Newfoundland te bedryf, raak. Laastens word die onderwyshervormings vanuit sekere perspektiewe in oenskou geneem en die standpunte van sommige Newfoundlandse opvoedkundiges word gestel. In die slotbeskouing word ook enkele probleme ge'identifiseer. Die bespreking word egter hoofsaaklik gewy aan aspekte van die onderwys wat alreeds verbetering toon soos onder andere onderwysbeheer en onderwysorganisasie, ouerbetrokkenheid, curriculumontwikkeling en onderwyskundige ontwikkeling. Die toekoms sal bepaal hoe hierdie omvangryke en omvattende onderwysveranderings die sosio-kulturele dimensies van die Newfoundlandse gemeenskap sal be'invloed, terwyl dit die belofte inhou om 'n dinamiese verbetering te bewerkstellig.
Educational Studies
D. Ed. (Comparative Education)
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Parreira, Ana Mónica Tavares. "Atitudes face à adoção homoparental: um estudo comparativo entre estudantes do ensino superior portugueses e espanhóis." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/9257.
Full textAbstract:
Códigos PsycINFO:
3040 Social Perception & Cognition,
2980 Sexual Behavior & Sexual OrientationO presente estudo debruçou-se sobre as atitudes face à homoparentalidade num estudo comparativo entre estudantes do ensino superior espanhóis e portugueses, futuros intervenientes nas áreas social, da saúde, educacional e jurídica. A importância deste estudo comparativo prende-se com as diferenças a nível legislativo nestes países, no que toca ao reconhecimento e direitos das famílias homoparentais. Para tal foram apresentadas a 630 estudantes (272 portugueses e 358 espanhóis) vinhetas de situações-estímulo (adoção de uma criança por casais homoparentais ou heteroparentais) num desenho experimental; aplicadas duas escalas sobre as competências parentais e os resultados desenvolvimentais das crianças; e colocadas algumas questões sobre relacionamentos interpessoais com este tipo de famílias e formação académica sobre o tema. Os resultados revelaram que a amostra espanhola denotou atitudes menos preconceituosas face à adoção homoparental do que a amostra portuguesa. Globalmente, os estudantes que tiveram mais contacto interpessoal com pessoas que se identificassem como gays/lésbicas/bissexuais revelaram atitudes menos preconceituosas. O contacto com informação científica sobre a homossexualidade durante o percurso académico teve influência significativa em atitudes mais favoráveis à adoção homoparental. A nível do desenvolvimento infantil, a amostra mostrou uma maior preocupação com a probabilidade de as crianças adotadas por homossexuais virem a ser alvo de discriminação. Essa diferença foi significativa também entre nacionalidades, onde a amostra portuguesa reportou uma maior probabilidade percebida de discriminação. Os resultados foram posteriormente discutidos à luz da literatura.
This study has leaned on the attitudes over the homoparenthood in a comparative study between Portuguese and Spanish college students from social, health, educational and legal field of study. The importance of this comparative study is related to the differences in a legislative level in these countries, regarding to the recognition and rights of homoparenthood families. For that were presented to 630 students (272 Portuguese and 358 Spanish) vignettes of situations-stimulations (adoption of a child by couples from the same sex and couples of different sex) in an experimental draw; with two scales applied about parenting skills and the outcome of children developments; and placed some issues about interpersonal relationships with this kind of families and academic formation about this topic. The results revealed that the Spanish sample, denoted less discriminating attitudes towards homoparental adoption, than the Portuguese sample. Overall, students who had more interpersonal contact with people who identified themselves as gay / lesbian / bisexual, showed less discriminating attitudes. The contact with scientific information about homosexuality during the academic course had significant influence on attitudes that turned to be more favorable to homoparental adoption. In a development level, the sample showed a greater concern with the probability of children adopted by homosexuals become discriminated against. This difference was also significant between nationalities, where the Portuguese sample reported a greater perceived discrimination probability. The results were subsequently discussed based on the literature
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Oliveira, Bernardo Peralta. "Interdependency of globalization and innovation as a source for MNEs to thrive : OLI´s case study." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/35711.
Full textAbstract:
In the recent decades, it is often discussed how globalization and innovation have become paramount drivers of change in the societal and business context, allowing multinational enterprises to be globally competitive. They presume that technological advantages help MNEs replicate their local success on a global scale. Innovative MNEs are thought to be pursuing a “global strategy”. In a practical business situation, it is not necessarily observed the purported “higher” ability of those innovative MNEs, to emulate their domestic success outside of their home region and to be “global”. To investigate this relation, it was conducted a case study to OLI, a Portuguese multinational company that adopted the internationalization strategy proposed by the Uppsala model, to reduce the company´s operational risks. Also, the company applied the non-location bound asset strategy to overcome the liabilities of foreignness. In fact, OLI has understood the importance of innovation, alongside the importance of creating marketing and branding activities. This dissertation aims to explore the relationship between globalization and innovation and understand how it impacts MNEs´ performance. It was found that throughout international expansion, legal barriers are a major liability of foreignness. Therefore, they should not be neglected.Nas últimas décadas, tem sido frequentemente discutido a forma como a globalização e a inovação têm exercido profundas mudanças no contexto social e empresarial, permitindo que as empresas multinacionais sejam globalmente competitivas. Neste sentido, é discutido o facto das vantagens tecnológicas permitirem às multinacionais reproduzir o seu sucesso local à escala global. Admite-se que as empresas multinacionais inovadoras estão a seguir uma "estratégia global". Em termos práticos, não se observa necessariamente esta capacidade "superior" dessas empresas inovadoras, de replicarem o seu sucesso nacional e de serem "globais". De forma a compreender esta relação, foi realizado um case study à empresa OLI, uma multinacional portuguesa que adoptou a estratégia de internacionalização proposta pelo modelo “Uppsala”, para reduzir os riscos operacionais da mesma. Além disso, a empresa adotou uma estratégia de “non-location bound asset”, de forma a mitigar os constrangimentos associados à internacionalização. Assim, a OLI compreendeu a importância da inovação, aliada à criação de iniciativas de marketing e de branding. Esta dissertação procura explorar a relação entre a globalização e a inovação e compreender de que forma é que o desempenho das empresas multinacionais é afetado. Conclui-se que durante o processo de expansão internacional, as barreiras legais são um constrangimento a esse mesmo processo. Neste sentido, as mesmas não devem ser negligenciadas.
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Abreu, Maria Pacheco Marques Simões de. "O que mudou em uma década?: Perceções de discriminação da população LGBTQ+ e de resistência à inovação legal em Portugal: Um estudo qualitativo." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/22992.
Full textAbstract:
A homossexualidade foi descriminalizada em Portugal em 1982, tendo surgido diversas mudanças legislativas desde o início do século XXI. No entanto, a partir de 2010 salientou-se o início da aprovação de leis fundamentais para a cidadania plena das pessoas LGBTQ+, como o casamento entre pessoas do mesmo sexo, o acesso à parentalidade e o direito à autodeterminação da identidade de género. Apesar destes avanços, a discriminação está ainda presente na sociedade portuguesa. O presente estudo pretendeu estudar os processos e experiências de discriminação das pessoas LGBTQ+ no seu quotidiano, analisando a perceção da discrepância entre a legislação e as experiências dos/as participantes. Visou, ainda, analisar as estratégias sugeridas pelos/as participantes para reduzir essa discrepância. Para tal, foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas a 21 participantes LGBTQ+, de diversas orientações sexuais (6 gays, 3 lésbicas, 6 bissexuais, 5 pansexuais, 1 outro) e identidades de género (6 participantes transgénero, entre os/as quais 2 homens trans, 2 não binários, 1 mulher trans e 1 genderqueer). Estas entrevistas resultaram em 978 unidades de análise codificadas em 40 categorias, sendo analisadas de acordo com a análise temática. Os/as participantes relataram passar por múltiplas experiências de discriminação, em diferentes contextos; e reconhecer forças de resistência à inovação legal, considerando necessário (in)formar a população e públicos estratégicos. Assim, os resultados são discutidos à luz da inovação legal em Portugal e são apresentadas implicações para a investigação e as políticas públicas.Homosexuality was decriminalized in Portugal in 1982, and several legislative changes have emerged since the beginning of the 21st century. However, 2010 marked the beginning of the approval of fundamental laws for the life of LGBTQ+ people, such as same-sex marriage, access to parenthood and the right to self-determination of gender identity. Despite these advances, discrimination is still present in Portuguese society. This investigation aimed to study the processes and experiences of discrimination of LGBTQ+ people in their daily lives, analyzing the perception of the discrepancy between legislation and the experiences of participants. It also aimed to analyze the strategies suggested by the participants to reduce this discrepancy. To this end, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 21 LGBTQ+ participants, of various sexual orientations (6 gays, 3 lesbians, 6 bisexuals, 5 pansexuals, 1 other) and gender identities (6 transgender participants, including 2 trans men, 2 non-binary, 1 trans woman and 1 genderqueer). These interviews resulted in 978 analysis units coded in 40 categories, being analyzed according to the thematic analysis. The participants reported that they have gone through multiple experiences of discrimination, in different contexts; and recognize forces of resistance to legal innovation, considering it necessary to inform and educate the population and strategic audiences. Thus, the results are discussed in the light of legal innovation in Portugal and implications for research and public policies are presented.
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Neca, Patrícia Alexandra Candeias. "Inovação legal para promover o emprego das pessoas com deficiência: Uma análise psicossocial da receção do sistema de quotas na administração pública." Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/20708.
Full textAbstract:
Na sociedade atual, a inovação legal (isto é, as novas leis e políticas públicas) assume um papel relevante na promoção dos direitos das pessoas com deficiência. Este trabalho, focalizando-se numa Política de Ação Positiva (PAP) que visa promover o emprego das pessoas com deficiência – o Sistema de Quotas, em vigor na Administração Pública portuguesa desde 2001 – analisa como esta lei tem sido recebida e apropriada em Portugal. Sustentando-se na abordagem das Representações Sociais, que privilegia a articulação entre níveis de análise, foram realizados três estudos e identificados alguns processos que contribuem para explicar os seus problemas de implementação. O Estudo 1, por questionário (n=155), mostra que esta lei é recebida com ambivalência pelas pessoas com deficiência física (nível individual) - recorrendo à distinção entre apoio geral às PAP e desqualificação do Sistema de Quotas em particular -, assim como a importância da visão do grupo como competente para promover a concordância com estas leis e políticas. O Estudo 2, por entrevistas (n=23), examina como o Sistema de Quotas foi recebido pelos responsáveis pela sua implementação (nível contextual/institucional). Identificaram-se essencialmente dois tipos de receção: apoio ambivalente, associado à manutenção e melhoria das leis em vigor, e aceitação ambivalente, relacionada com a sua tolerância e substituição. O Estudo 3 (nível societal) consiste numa análise de imprensa – generalista (n=22) e associativa (n=21) –, ao longo do tempo (1999-2016), mostrando que depois de uma fase inicial de apoio ambivalente (imprensa associativa) e favorabilidade (imprensa generalista), com o avançar do tempo o Sistema de Quotas foi sendo representado como não estando a ser cumprido. São discutidas as implicações destes resultados para a implementação deste tipo de políticas públicas.In our society, legal innovation (that is, new laws and policies) assumes a relevant role in promoting the rights of persons with disabilities. The present study, focusing on a Positive Action Policy (PAP) which aims to promote the employment of persons with disabilities - the Quota System in force in the Portuguese Public Administration since 2001 - analyses how this law is received and used in Portugal. Based on the Social Representations approach, which favours the articulation between different levels of analysis, three studies were conducted to identify some processes which may contribute to explain the implementation problems of these policies. Study 1, based on a questionnaire (n=155), shows that this law is received with ambivalence by persons with physical disabilities (individual level) - which make a distinction between a general support for PAP and the disqualification of the Quota System, in particular -, as well as the importance of the group's view as competent to promote agreement with these laws and policies. Study 2, based on interviews (n=23), examined how the Quota System was received by those responsible for its implementation (contextual / institutional level). The following types of ambivalence were identified: ambivalent support, associated with its maintenance and improvement, and ambivalent acceptance, related with its tolerance and replacement. Study 3 (societal level) consists of a press analysis - of general (n=22) and specialised (n=21) newspapers - over time (1999-2016) showing that after an initial phase of ambivalent support (specialised press) and favourable position (general press), as time progresses the Quota System was represented as a law which is not being applied. We discuss the implications of these results for the implementation of this public policy.
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Михайліченко, Вероніка Олександрівна. "Штучний інтелект у правовій спеціальності: правові засади впровадження та використання." Магістерська робота, 2020. https://dspace.znu.edu.ua/jspui/handle/12345/2651.
Full textAbstract:
Михайліченко В. О. Штучний інтелект у правовій спеціальності: правові засади впровадження та використання : кваліфікаційна робота магістра спеціальності 081 "Право" / наук. керівник Ш. Н. Гаджиєва. Запоріжжя : ЗНУ, 2020. 99 с.UA : Кваліфікаційна робота складається з 99 сторінок, містить 71 джерела використаної інформації. Останнім часом використання штучного інтелекту в різних сферах людської діяльності обумовлює появу численних дискусій в різних галузях знань: юриспруденції, філософії, соціології, машинобудуванні, приладобудуванні, комп'ютерних технологіях, робототехніці, медицині, освіті, військовій справі тощо. В останні роки відбувається різке підвищення ефективності комплексів і систем інтернету речей в разі використання технологій штучного інтелекту. Ці стосується автономно керованого транспорту (літаків, кораблів, автомобілів), різноманітних промислових, медичних, будівельних, освітніх, професійних і побутових роботів, роботів військового та спеціального призначення тощо. Метою кваліфікаційної роботи є концептуальний аналіз правових засад впровадження та використання штучного інтелекту у правовій спеціальності, розробці рекомендацій та пропозицій до чинного законодавства з питань обумовлених використанням штучного інтелекту, у визначенні конкретних шляхів удосконалення використання штучного інтелекту у правовій спеціальності. Об’єктом дослідження даної кваліфікаційної роботи є суспільні відносини в сфері організації та функціонування штучного інтелекту у правовій спеціальності. Предметом дослідження є штучний інтелект у правовій спеціальності, правові засади його впровадження та використання. Методологічну основу роботи складають сукупність філософсько-світоглядних, загальнонаукових принципів і підходів та спеціально-наукових методів пізнання, використання яких дало змогу отримати науково-обґрунтовані результати. Для проведення дослідження будуть застосовані такі загальнонаукові методи як: аналіз, синтез, порівняльно-правовий, класифікації, хронологічний, системно-структурний. Теоретико-методологічною основою дослідження в роботі є історичний метод та метод матеріалістичної діалектики, застосування яких сприяло розглянути всі процеси впровадження та використання штучного інтелекту в юридичній спеціальності не виокремлено, а в тісному зв’язку і взаємозалежності з історичним розвитком технологій в Україні.
EN : Qualification work consists of 99 pages, contains 71 sources of information used. Recently, the use of artificial intelligence in various spheres of human activity leads to the emergence of numerous discussions in various fields of knowledge: law, philosophy, sociology, engineering, instrumentation, computer technology, robotics, medicine, education, military, etc. In recent years, there has been a dramatic increase in the efficiency of complexes and systems of the Internet of Things in the use of artificial intelligence technologies. These include autonomous guided transport (aircraft, ships, cars), various industrial, medical, construction, educational, professional and household robots, military and special purpose robots, etc. The purpose of the qualification work is a conceptual analysis of the legal bases for the introduction and use of artificial intelligence in the legal specialty, the development of recommendations and proposals to the current legislation on issues related to the use of artificial intelligence, in identifying specific ways to improve the use of artificial intelligence in the legal specialty. The subject of study of this qualification is the public relations in the field of organization and functioning of artificial intelligence in the legal specialty. The subject of the research is artificial intelligence in the legal specialty, the legal basis for its implementation and use. The methodological basis of the work is a set of philosophical, philosophical, general scientific principles and approaches and specially scientific methods of cognition, the use of which allowed to obtain scientifically sound results. To carry out the research such general scientific methods as: analysis, synthesis, comparative law, classifications, chronological, system-structural will be applied. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study in the work is the historical method and the method of materialistic dialectics, the use of which contributed to consider all the processes of introduction and use of artificial intelligence in a legal specialty not in isolation, but in close connection and interdependence with the historical development of technology in Ukraine.
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Heroldová, Eva. "Analýza využití práva jako nástroje pro řízení vzdělávací soustavy v ČR a vyhodnocení dopadů vybraných legislativních změn v letech 1990 - 2010." Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-404857.
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This diploma thesis examines the use of the law as an instrument for the governance of the education system in the Czech Republic. It evaluates the impact some selected changes in legislation had on the education system during the period between 1990 and 2010. The topic of this paper is the law used as an instrument for implementing education policies in the Czech Republic, as well as monitoring of and evaluating objectives and reality. A section in the theoretical part is dedicated to defining and explaining the basic terms the author works with and uses throughout the text. The paper briefly analyses the development of changes within the school system in the course of the first twenty years that followed after the November overthrow in 1989. Key attempts to make changes in education and child-rearing are described, and the amendments to the Education Act or, if applicable, other legislation that impacted on the school system and education are examined. Not only does this paper summarize the key legislative reforms within the education process in the Czech Republic between 1990 and 2010, it also examines the education system from the curriculum documents' point of view - Primary School, General School and National School, the Framework Education Programme - as well as the school governance systems...
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Lasek, Adam. "Pozycja prawna gospodarstwa rolnego w polskim systemie prawnym." Doctoral thesis, 2019. https://depotuw.ceon.pl/handle/item/3348.
Full textAbstract:
Gospodarstwo rolne jako współuczestnik rynku gospodarczego, ulokowane jest w wielopłaszczyznowej regulacji zarówno na gruncie prawa krajowego i wspólnotowego. Klasyczne ujęcie czynników produkcji (praca, kapitał oraz ziemia), klasyfikuje gospodarstwo rolne jako swoistego rodzaju przedsiębiorstwo, które objęte jest odrębną i preferencyjną regulacją prawną, z uwagi na strategiczny charakter i rolę dla każdego Państwa i funkcjonującego w nim społeczeństwa.
W pracy poruszono zagadnienia uwarunkowujące procesy legislacyjne w kontekście konkretnych zdarzeń polityczno-gospodarczych, które odzwierciedlały całokształt przybieranych przez Państwo koncepcji i modeli rolnictwa, jak również próbę wyważenie interesu prawa własności względem nakładanych obowiązków administracyjnych. Główny akcent w pracy położono na gospodarstwa rodzinne prowadzone przez rolników indywidualnych, które stanowią egzemplifikacje przyjętej normy programowej, wyrażonej w art. 23 Konstytucji Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej.
Charakteryzując metody badawcze przybrane w pracy, wymienić należy przeprowadzoną analizę w oparciu o metodę prawno-dogmatyczną, historyczną, prawno-porównawczą z elementami statystycznymi oraz analizy typu SWOT. Dwie pierwsze z nich najpełniej pozwalają wyprowadzić wnioski dotyczące czynników kształtujących ustrój rolny w Polsce. Dwie kolejne ukazują bezpośrednie relację związanie z ówczesnym rolnictwem oraz płaszczyzną ekonomiczno-społeczną-prawną.
Rozdział pierwszy został poświęcony zagadnieniom związanym z ewolucją instytucji gospodarstwa rolnego i jego prawnymi uregulowaniami. Przyjrzano się w nim źródłom pojęć oraz definicji gospodarstwa rolnego w ujęciu konstytucyjnym, administracyjnym i cywilistycznym. Podniesiono także kwestie dotyczące polityki rolnej, zasadności regulacji ochronnych i ustawowego wsparcia gospodarstw rolnych.
Rozdział drugi zawiera charakterystykę i ocenę korelacji prawa rolnego względem pozostałych dziedzin prawa. W dalszej części ukazano odrębność systemu ubezpieczeń społecznych, podatków, systemu obrotu i ochrony nieruchomości rolnych, odstępstwa rolnego oraz systemów wsparcia i ochrony zasobów środowiska naturalnego w gospodarstwach rodzinnych. Wyjątkowo istotną materią tego rozdziału jest również nadal aktualna kwestia egzekucji świadczeń pieniężnych z majątku gospodarstwa rolnego.
Rozdział trzeci odnosi się do zagadnień związanych z prawno-ekonomicznymi regulacjami wsparcia rodzinnych gospodarstw rolnych, w których skoncentrowano się na tematyce wpływu WPR, założeniach EFRROW, PROW w latach lata 2014–2020 i innych systemach wsparcia dla rodzinnych gospodarstw wiejskich.
Rozdział czwarty zawiera analizę komparatystyczną ustroju i rozwiązań prawnych zapewniających wsparcie dla rodzinnych gospodarstw rolnych stosowanych w Polsce i wybranych krajach Unii Europejskiej.
Postawione w wstępie pracy hipotezy badawcze rozwinięto w tezach i uzasadnieniu zawartym w zakończeniu. Rozważania oparto na twierdzeniu, iż ustawodawca otacza coraz to większym zakresem regulacji tryb i funkcjonowanie gospodarstw rolnych, co determinuje pozycję prawną gospodarstwa rolnego w licznych aktach normatywnych. Wyjątkowość sektora agrarnego dodatkowo ustawodawca uwydatnia poprzez rozwinięcie oddzielnych regulacji oraz odmiennego podejścia i ujęcia sfery majątkowej rolników, jak też ich obowiązków publicznych. Wysoce rozbudowana konstrukcja instrumentów regulacyjnych stawia gospodarstwa rolne jako równoprawny podmiot gospodarczy z zapewnioną uprzywilejowaną pozycją w stosunku do silniejszych kapitałowo podmiotów na rynku gospodarki wolnorynkowej, niemniej czynniki globalizacyjne spowodowały, że do dziś wiele osób traktuje rolnictwo w sposób bagatelizujący, wynikający najprawdopodobniej z niezrozumienia znaczenia i specyfiki tego sektora, w stosunku do ogólnoświatowej części systemu gospodarczego.An agricultural holding as a co-participant of the economic market, is located in a multifaceted regulation both on the basis of national and EU law. The classic view of production factors (labor, capital and land) classifies an agricultural holding as a kind of enterprise, which is covered by a separate and preferential legal regulation, due to its strategic character and role for each State and the society functioning in it. In the dissertation issues were raised related to legislative processes in the context of specific political and economic events, which reflected the entirety of concepts and models of agriculture adopted by State, as well as an attempt to the balance between interest of property rights with imposed administrative obligations. The main emphasis was put on family farms conducted by individual farmers, which is exemplifications of the accepted program norm, expressed in art. 23 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland. Characterizing the research methods adopted at work, mention should be made of the analysis based on the legal-dogmatic, historical, legal-comparative method with statistical elements and SWOT analysis. The first two of them allows to draw the most complete conclusions about the factors shaping the agricultural system in Poland. Two next shown a direct relation with the then agriculture and the economic-social-legal plane. The first chapter was devoted to issues related to the evolution of an agricultural institution and its legal regulations. It looked at the sources of concepts and definitions of a farm in constitutional, administrative and civilian terms. Also raised issues related to: agricultural policy, the legitimacy of protective regulations and statutory support for farms. The second chapter contains the characteristics and assessment of the correlation of agricultural law in relation to other areas of law. In the following, the author shows separateness of the social security system, taxes, the system of trade and protection of agricultural real estate, agricultural exemption and support and protection systems for natural resources in family farms. An extremely important matter of this chapter is also the current issue of the judicial execution of cash benefits from farm property. The third chapter refers to issues related to legal and economic regulations for supporting family farms, which focus on the impact of the CAP, EAFRD objectives, RDPs in the years 2014-2020 and other support systems for family rural households. The fourth chapter contains a comparative analysis of the system and legal solutions that provide support for family farms used in Poland and selected European Union countries. The research hypotheses put forward in the introduction were developed in the theses and substantiation contained in the conclusion. The considerations were based on the claim that the legislator surrounds the mode and functioning of farms holdings by increasing range of regulation, what determines the legal position of an agricultural holding in numerous normative acts. The legislator emphasizes the uniqueness of the agrarian sector by developing separate regulations and different approach and recognition of the farmers property sphere, as well as their public duties. The highly developed construction of regulatory instruments places agricultural holdings as an equal economic entity, with a privileged position in relation to stronger capital market players in free market economy. However, globalization factors have caused that many people still treat agriculture in a downplaying manner, probably resulting from a misunderstanding of the importance and specificity of this sector in relation to the global economic system.