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Academic literature on the topic 'Legal documents – Egypt – History'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Legal documents – Egypt – History"

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Moore, James D. "Judeans in Elephantine and Babylonia: A Case Study on Rights and Tenancy Status." Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft 132, no. 1 (March 3, 2020): 40–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zaw-2020-0006.

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AbstractThis paper is a case study that discusses Judean rights and tenancy in Egypt under the Persian administration. It uses TAD A6.11, a Persian Aramaic decree about farmland rights in Egypt, as an example of an imperial document to mediate a comparison between the Babylonian Judean experience in farmlands and Egyptian Judean experience on the (sub-)urban island of Elephantine under Persian rule. First a Babylonian Judean document, CUSAS 28 no. 69 is used to interpret the enigmatic, yet central legal claim about crushing the ilku-tax in TAD A6.11. The two sources are then compared, and the implications of the findings are studied by referring to documents of Elephantine Judeans regarding tenancy rights (mhḥsn-status). The findings demonstrate that the two communities are socially comparable, so long as the Persian administrative system is considered in a comparison of the communities’ surviving documents.
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van Blerk, Nico. "The Ancient Egyptian Testamentary Disposition." Fundamina 27, no. 1 (2021): 199–231. http://dx.doi.org/10.47348/fund/v27/i1a5.

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This contribution discusses the ancient Egyptian testamentary disposition document as an arrangement made prior to death. It discusses from a legal perspective different documents used for this purpose. The purpose of a testamentary disposition was to make decisions about one’s assets before death. An attempt is made to indicate that the testamentary disposition document was used from very early in ancient Egyptian history and different documents were used as a will by the testator/testatrix. The purpose of the testamentary disposition was, essentially, to alter the customary intestate succession law. The initial emphasis and connection with religion diminished as different documents were used to make provision prior to death of what was to become of one’s estate. Studying these different testamentary dispositions, we may learn more about testate succession law in ancient Egypt.
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Skalec, Aneta. "Norms and Legal Practice in Ancient Egypt: A Case Study of Irrigation System Management." Studia Iuridica 80 (September 17, 2019): 375–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.4819.

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The prosperity of Egyptian civilization has depended on the efficient use of water deriving from the Nile throughout its recorded history. Despite the importance of water and irrigation in ancient Egypt, very little is known of its water regulations. The only known legal source related directly to the maintenance of canals that has been preserved is a section of the Dikaiomata – the Alexandrian city law dealing with the construction and improvement of irrigation channels in the surrounding countryside. However, being Greek in origin, it does not seem to correspond to the legal practice that has been in use in Egypt since the earliest times. How water regulations looked like in practice can therefore only be observed by means of practice documents, i.e. papyri from Ptolemaic period. Such papyri recorded the law in action, both in relation to individuals as well as the whole society in the context of water management. These documents and their similarities and differences to the rules contained in Dikaiomata are the subject of the paper.
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Fischer-Bovet, Christelle. "Official Identity and Ethnicity: Comparing Ptolemaic and Early Roman Egypt." Journal of Egyptian History 11, no. 1-2 (October 8, 2018): 208–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18741665-12340048.

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Abstract The study of ancient states brings a historical perspective to the creation of official identities. By looking at legal and fiscal documents preserved on papyri from Hellenistic and Early Roman Egypt (323 BCE to c. 70 CE), this study compares how the Ptolemies and then the Romans established official identities, that is, what priorities they gave to occupation, social status, citizenship, and/or ethnicity in order to construct legal and fiscal identities. It explores how these different priorities created overlaps between the categories, for instance, by an occupation permitting some flexibility with ethnicity, in order to include those in service of the state into privileged official categories. First, it shows that the fiscal and cleruchic policies of the Ptolemies partially reshaped societies so that social status became preeminent and ethnicity did no longer matter to the state already before the Roman annexation. Second, it compares how the demographic and social configuration in Egypt at the time of each conquest stimulated slightly different priorities when constructing official identities.
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Bruning, Jelle. "Slave Trade Dynamics in Abbasid Egypt: The Papyrological Evidence." Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 63, no. 5-6 (November 11, 2020): 682–742. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685209-12341524.

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Abstract This article discusses the commercial, socio-economic and legal dynamics of slave trading in Egypt on the basis of papyri from the AH third-fourth/ninth-tenth centuries CE. Particular focus is given to the activities of slavers, the networks of professional slave traders, the socio-economics of slave acquisition, and commercial dynamics at slave markets. Much of the discussion draws on the contents of five contemporary papyrus documents that are presented, translated and annotated in the appendix.
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Lewis, Naphtali. "The Demise of the Demotic Document: When and why." Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 79, no. 1 (October 1993): 276–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030751339307900127.

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Zinger, Oded. "“She Aims to Harass Him”: Jewish Women in Muslim Legal Venues in Medieval Egypt." AJS Review 42, no. 1 (April 2018): 159–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0364009418000107.

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Jewish women in medieval Egypt made extensive use of Muslim legal venues. By amassing and analyzing a sizable corpus of Geniza documents and contemporary responsa, this study explores how women accessed these venues, why they did so, and the response of the Jewish community. Complementing the traditional explanations given to Jewish use of Muslim legal venues, such as legal difference and greater enforceability, I argue that Muslim legal forums offered Jewish women a way of resisting the pressures they often faced in Jewish communal institutions and at home. For its part, the Jewish leadership used a variety of measures to prevent women from using Muslim legal venues; women who persisted were castigated more harshly than men were. This study also sheds light on Jewish women's points of contact with broader Islamic society and the relationship between Jews and the Islamic state.
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Wickham, Chris. "The Power of Property: Land Tenure in Fāṭimid Egypt." Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 62, no. 1 (December 5, 2019): 67–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685209-12341475.

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AbstractEgyptian land tenure in the Fāṭimid period (969-1171) is often assumed to have been based on state ownership of agricultural land and tax-farming, as was in general the case in the Mamlūk period which followed it, and as many Islamic legal theorists rather schematically thought. This article aims to show that this was not the case; Arabic paper and parchment documents show that private landowning was normal in Egypt into the late eleventh century and later. Egypt emerges as more similar to other Mediterranean regions than is sometimes thought. The article discusses the evidence for this, and the evidence for what changed after 1100 or so, and, more tentatively, why it changed.
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Markiewicz, Tomasz. "Bocchoris the Lawgiver—or was He Really?" Journal of Egyptian History 1, no. 2 (2008): 309–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187416608786121293.

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AbstractThe author revises the Classical tradition on pharaoh Bocchoris (Wahkare Bakenranef of the XIVth dynasty) as the most accomplished Egyptian lawgiver. The evidence of Diodorus, on which this tradition mostly rests, is scrutinized and compared with Egyptian sources. It is argued that Egyptian legal documents do not confirm, and occasionally contradict, Diodorus' account, which should be thus treated with care. The author suggests that Bocchoris' codification may have never taken place and the tradition of his alleged accomplishments can be explained in terms of political propaganda of the early XXVIth dynasty rulers. This tradition was subsequently used by the Greeks to explain Solonic reform as borrowed from or inspired by “the wisdom of Egypt.”
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Mikhail, Alan. "Animals as Property in Early Modern Ottoman Egypt." Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 53, no. 4 (2010): 621–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156852010x529132.

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AbstractThrough an examination of the role of domesticated animals as forms of property in rural Ottoman Egypt, this article argues that historians of the early modern Muslim world must pay greater attention to the economic and social importance of animals. Based on the sharīa court records of multiple cities in both the Nile Delta and Upper Egypt, this study documents the role of animals as agricultural laborers, as means of transport, and as sources of food. It then analyzes several court cases in which the abilities of animals to move, die, and procreate serve to challenge notions of property and legal ownership in Ottoman Egypt.À travers l’examen du rôle que jouaient les animaux domestiques, en tant qu’objets de propriété, dans les campagnes de l’Égypte ottomane, cet article propose qu’une attention accrue devrait être prêtée à l’importance économique et sociale des animaux à l’époque moderne. Basée sur les registres de tribunaux religieux de nombreuses villes du Delta et de Haute Égypte, cette étude révèle le rôle des animaux en tant qu’ouvriers agricoles, moyens de transport et sources d’alimentation. Une série de procès menés devant ces tribunaux montre que la capacité des animaux à se déplacer, à mourir et à procréer servait à remettre en cause les notions de propriété et de possession légale dans l’Égypte ottomane.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Legal documents – Egypt – History"

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Liu, Jing Lian. "A study of the judicature and legal system in the middle of the Qing Dynasty based on the legal cases from the Chinese documents in the National Archives of the Torre de Tombo." Thesis, University of Macau, 2000. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1636586.

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Czajkowski, Kimberley. "Living under different laws : the Babatha and Salome Komaise archives." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:97bdabb1-f2f6-451c-a0f2-471174648d3a.

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The Babatha and Salome Komaise archives contain the legal documents of two Jewish women and their families, dating mostly from c. 94 C.E. to 132 C.E. The community that they attest lived in a small village which was first part of the Nabataean Kingdom but was later incorporated into the province of Roman Arabia in 106 C.E. The documents consequently provide invaluable information about a community’s experience before and after the creation of the province. The laws and traditions in evidence in the two archives are remarkable for their diversity, exhibiting elements of Jewish, Nabataean, Roman and Hellenistic law. This thesis examines this complex legal situation and considers the ways in which people coped with the array of legal options available to them. A ‘ground-up’ approach is adopted, focusing on the people involved in the documents’ creation and use in order to detail how different parties affected the working of law in the area. An overview of the individual documents is provided in The Survey of the Documents. The rest of the thesis is then structured according to the various groups that influenced their formulation and use: The Scribes, Legal Advisors, The Parties, The Alternatives to the Assizes and The Roman Officials. These various contributions are then brought together in the Conclusion to model how law operated in this particular community. The primary contributions of this study are therefore to Roman provincial and legal history, as well as the history of the Jewish people in the inter-revolt period.
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Al-Azem, Talal. "Precedent, commentary, and legal rules in the Madhhab-Law tradition : Ibn Quṭlūbughā's (d. 879/1474) al-Taṣḥīḥ wa-al-tarjīḥ." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:79f46ee8-df8c-42e3-8757-298d4029b090.

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This thesis examines the role that scholarly digests and commentaries played in the formation of legal rules in the Muslim legal institution known as the madhhab. I posit that a shared approach to legal rule-determination, and the respect of juristic precedent that it entails, underlies the jurisprudential processes of all of the four post-classical Sunni madhhabs (the Ḥanafī, Mālikī, Shāfi'ī, and Ḥanbalī), and unites them in a wider ‘madhhab-law tradition’. Taking the Ḥanafī madhhab as a case study, the thesis analyses a commentary written by the late Mamluk jurist Ibn Quṭlūbughā (d. 879/1474) upon the digest of the celebrated Abbasid-era Abū al-Ḥusayn al-Qudūrī (d. 428/1037). In discussing the madhhab's heritage of precedent, Ibn Quṭlūbughā's commentary weaves an intricate tapestry of quotations and references from previous jurists and works, providing us with insight into how author-scholars reacted to, and interacted with, other jurists over space and time. Chapter 1 provides a short introduction to the lives of Qudūrī and Ibn Quṭlūbughā, and the contexts within which they produced their works. Chapter 2 employs both quantitative and qualitative analysis of the commentary, in order to deduce historical and geographical patterns out of which a periodisation of rule-determination in the Ḥanafī madhhab is proposed. In Chapter 3, Ibn Quṭlūbughā's jurisprudential theory of rule-determination is studied, examining both the justifications and the processes employed by jurists in arriving at a legal rule in the Ḥanafī madhhab. Chapter 4 then turns to the craft of commentary itself, analysing over eighty case examples for the logical relationships, rhetorical devices, and legal arguments that inform the actual practice of rule-determination through commentary. A final chapter then summarises the conclusions, and situates them within a broader discussion as to the nature of the madhhab-law tradition.
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Books on the topic "Legal documents – Egypt – History"

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Library, Cambridge University. Arabic legal and administrative documents in the Cambridge Genizah collections. Cambridge: Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge, 1993.

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Art, Brooklyn Museum of, ed. Jewish life in ancient Egypt: A family archive from the Nile Valley. Brooklyn, New York: Brooklyn Museum of Art, 2002.

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MacCoull, Leslie S. B. Coptic legal documents: Law as vernacular text and experience in late antique Egypt. Tempe, Ariz: Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies, 2009.

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MacCoull, Leslie S. B. Coptic Legal Documents: Law As Vernacular Text and Experience in Late Antique Egypt. Tempe, Ariz: Arizona State and Brepols Publishers, 2009.

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Saite and Persian demotic cattle documents: A study in legal forms and principles in ancient Egypt. Chico, Calif: Scholars Press, 1985.

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Olszowy-Schlanger, Judith. Karaite marriage documents from the Cairo Geniza: Legal tradition and community life in mediaeval Egypt and Palestine. Leiden: Brill, 1998.

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Ostraka Varia: Tax receipts and legal documents on Demotic, Greek, and Greek-Demotic Ostraka, chiefly of the early Ptolemaic period, from various collections (P.L. Bat. 26). Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1994.

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Yonah, Alexander, ed. International terrorism: Political and legal documents. Dordrecht: M. Nijhoff, 1992.

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Moore, Marianne. Survey of documents =: Répertoire des documents. Ottawa: Treaties and Historical Research Centre, Comprehensive Claims Branch, Indian and Northern Affairs Canada, 1990.

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Chronological problems of the IIIrd Egyptian dynasty: A re-examination of the archaeological documents. Oxford: John and Erica Hedges Ltd., 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "Legal documents – Egypt – History"

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Chorążyczewski, Waldemar. "The Second Life of Documents. A Study of the History of the Legal and Political Culture of Early Modern Poland." In Geschichte im mitteleuropäischen Kontext, 13–24. Göttingen: V&R unipress, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14220/9783737014724.13.

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Lukin, Pavel V. "German Merchants in Novgorod: Hospitality and Hostility, Twelfth–Fifteenth Centuries." In Baltic Hospitality from the Middle Ages to the Twentieth Century, 117–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98527-1_5.

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AbstractRelationship between Novgorodians and Hanseatic merchants in the twelfth–fifteenth centuries present a striking example of long-term and ongoing interaction between communities differing in ethnicity, culture and Christian denominations in Northern Europe. There is a unique corpus of sources allowing to study contacts between them—numerous documents dating mostly from the fourteenth to fifteenth centuries, written in Middle Low German, related to the activities of the Hanseatic Kontor in Novgorod. Some very important evidence can also be found in Novgorodian sources: chronicles, hagiographical texts, laws and charters. The following issues are addressed in the chapter: the infra-structure of hospitality in Novgorod (first of all, history of the main residences of the Hanseatic merchants in Novgorod—the so-called “trading yards”); legal aspects and rhetoric of hospitality and hostility towards the guests and securitization of both hosts and guests; everyday practices of hospitality and hostility in Novgorod towards German merchants. The author comes to the conclusion that the “Black Legend” widespread in the mainstream scholarship in the nineteenth and in the first half of the twentieth centuries which assumed that relations between Novgorodians and German merchants had been almost exclusively hostile and based upon mutual distrust has to be revised. Novgorod was able to shape a variety of notions and practices, which allowed, despite conflicts, to efficiently keep contact with the numerous German merchant community for centuries.
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"Delegation of Judicial Power in Abbasid Egypt." In Legal Documents as Sources for the History of Muslim Societies, 61–84. BRILL, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004343733_005.

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"Waqf Documents on the Provision of Water in Mamluk Egypt." In Legal Documents as Sources for the History of Muslim Societies, 229–44. BRILL, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004343733_011.

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"O.Crum Ad. 15 and the Emergence of Arabic Words in Coptic Legal Documents." In Papyrology and the History of Early Islamic Egypt, 97–114. BRILL, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789047405474_012.

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Harris, Ron. "The Organization of India-to-Rome Trade." In Roman Law and Economics, 163–96. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198787204.003.0007.

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Not much is known about the organization of the trade between Egypt and India in Roman times. Roman law is obviously well documented in surviving texts of various sorts. Trade practices in the Indian Ocean routes are sporadically known from surviving manuscripts. Actual organizational documents are practically unavailable with the rare exception of the Muziris Papyrus. The Papyrus, dated from the mid-second century CE, known also as the Vienna Papyrus, was first published in 1985. It deals with the finance and organization of trade on the route between Alexandria and Muziris in India. It adds a new dimension to our knowledge of the organizational practices of Eurasia trade in antiquity and is in fact the best source available up until the era of the Cairo Geniza, almost a millennium later. There is an ongoing debate about its nature in the papyrology literature. I will provide my own analysis of the papyrus based on legal history, economic analysis of law, and institutional economics theory. I will evaluate its nature as a loan or agency contract, as a standard form template, and as a forerunner of the sea loan and the commenda.
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Vandorpe, Katelijn, and Nick Vaneerdewegh. "Surveying the land in Ptolemaic Egypt." In Legal Documents in Ancient Societies, 122–40. Harrassowitz Verlag, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1453kj0.14.

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Gabra, Gawdat, and Hany N. Takla. "Coptic Legal Documents, with Special Reference to the Theban Area." In Christianity and Monasticism in Upper Egypt, 121–42. American University in Cairo Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5743/cairo/9789774163111.003.0012.

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Heshmat, Dina. "Rewriting History in the Wake of 2011." In Egypt 1919, 182–203. Edinburgh University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474458351.003.0008.

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This chapter focuses on a novel by Ahmad Mourad, 1919 (2014) and Hawa al-Hurriyya (Whims of Freedom, 2014), a play by Laila Soliman. While Mourad’s text focuses on the events of 1919 through a large range of both historical and fictional characters, Sulayman’s play goes back and forth between documents and voices from the past and painful moments from the present. The chapter shows that both authors contest dominant narratives about 1919, shaped in part by their predecessors, and attempt to ‘rewrite history’ in a context of socio-political turmoil, albeit in very different ways. Murad’s text mainly rehabilitates the memory of middle class activists from the underground ‘Black Hand’ organisation, including women. Sulayman’s narrative focuses on processes of remembering and forgetting, seeking to highlight resemblances between 1919 and 2011.
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"Two Unpublished Paper Documents and a Papyrus." In Papyrology and the History of Early Islamic Egypt, 45–61. BRILL, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789047405474_010.

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Conference papers on the topic "Legal documents – Egypt – History"

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Guettaoui, Amel, and Ouafi Hadja. "Women’s participation in political life in the Arab states." In Development of legal systems in Russia and foreign countries: problems of theory and practice. ru: Publishing Center RIOR, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/02061-6-93-105.

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The level of political representation of women in different legislative bodies around the world varies greatly. The women in the Arab world, is that as in other areas of the world, have throughout history experienced discrimination and have been subject to restriction of their freedoms and rights. Many of these practices and limitations are based on cultural and emanate from tradition and not from religion as many people supposed, these main constraints that create an obstacle towards women’s rights and liberties are reflected in the participation of women in political life. Although there are differences between the countries, the Arab region in general is noted for the low participation of women in politics. Universal suffrage has become common in most countries, but there are still some Arab women who are denied such rights. There have been many highly respected female leaders in Arab history, such as Shajar al-Durr (13th century) in Egypt, Queen Orpha (d. 1090) in Yemen. In the modern era there have also been examples of female leadership in Arab countries. However, in Arabic-speaking countries no woman has ever been head of state, although many Arabs remarked on the presence of women such as Jehan Al Sadat, the wife of Anwar El Sadat in Egypt, and Wassila Bourguiba, the wife of Habib Bourguiba in Tunisia, who have strongly influenced their husbands in their dealings with matters of state. Many Arab countries allow women to vote in national elections. The first female Member of Parliament in the Arab world was Rawya Ateya, who was elected in Egypt in 1957. Some countries granted the female franchise in their constitutions following independence, while some extended the franchise to women in later constitutional amendments.
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