Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Legal, criminal'
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ALMEIDA, CARLOS ALBERTO GARCETE DE. "THE CRIMINAL LEGAL TREATMENT OF CRIMINAL ORGANIZATION IN BRAZIL." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2012. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=20969@1.
Full textTratar de tema tão relevante como a dimensão constitucional do tribunal do júri, com o fito de, em última instância, mostrar a razão por que se enquadra dentre os direitos fundamentais não é tarefa das mais singelas. É cediço que os direitos fundamentais decorrem de conquistas históricas que devem ser bem compreendidas e valoradas. São características principais dos direitos fundamentais a historicidade, a inalienabilidade, a indisponibilidade, a indivisibilidade e a imprescritibilidade. Não por outra razão, os direitos fundamentais são reputados os direitos básicos de uma sociedade que viva sob a égide do Estado Democrático de Direito, como, à guisa de exemplo, os direitos à vida, à liberdade, à propriedade, ao meio ambiente, à saúde, à educação, à cultura. Neste viés, busca-se, nesta dissertação, resgatar a evolução histórica do tribunal do júri até seu estádio atual, inserido na Constituição Federal de 1988 — a Carta Cidadã —, onde se encontra inserido como garantia fundamental do cidadão. Sem embargo das críticas lançadas contra os julgamentos populares, por decorrência do influxo da cultura positivista-normativa, é certo afirmar que essa instituição resistiu a todos os regimes ditatoriais e subsiste até os dias atuais, sendo o maior exemplo de arena na qual os princípios da ampla defesa e contraditório e da amplitude de defesa são exercitados à exaustão.
Addressing a topic as relevant as the dimension of the constitutional jury trial, aiming, as final instance to show the reason why it falls among the fundamental rights is not the simplest task. It s evident that fundamental rights are the result of historical achievements that must be understood and valued. Its historicity, inalienability, non-availability, indivisibility and imprescriptibility, are the main features of fundamental rights. For no other reason, fundamental rights are deemed basic rights of a society living under the aegis of a democratic state, as, by way of example, the rights to life, liberty, property, environment, health, education, culture. In this way, we seek to, in this work, to rescue the historical evolution of the jury to its current stage, inserted in the Constitution of 1988 - the Citizen Charter - where it is included as a fundamental guarantee of the citizen. Notwithstanding from the criticisms launched against the popular judgments, due to the influence of the positivist-normative culture, it is right to say that this institution has resisted all dictatorial regimes and continues until the present day, being the greatest example of arena in which the principles of contradictory and full defense and range of protection are exercised to exhaustion.
FILHO, ROBERTO GURGEL DE OLIVEIRA. "THE CRIMINAL LEGAL TREATMENT OF CRIMINAL ORGANIZATIONS IN BRAZIL." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2012. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=21215@1.
Full textO panorama de nossos dias, onde a criminalidade atingiu índices elevadíssimos, gera uma enorme preocupação na população mundial ante a proliferação de organizações criminosas especializadas em práticas de crimes graves que atingem bem jurídicos e direitos fundamentais como a vida, a paz pública, a liberdade em todas as suas esferas, o meio-ambiente, a saúde pública, a ordem econômica, a probidade administrativa, o voto direto, entre outros direitos. Diante dos ataques a bens jurídicos relevantes, o Estado, como tem se tornado costume, busca uma lei emergencial que possa criar tipos penais para solucionar e acabar com as ações criminosas destas organizações de maneira imediata. Ocorre que, tais normas não tem o poderio para enfraquecer o crime organizado no que diz respeito à sua estrutura financeira e ações delitivas. Com isso, tenta-se incutir nas sociedades a falsa idéia de combate às organizações criminosas de maneira efetiva. É dentro desta realidade que o trabalho inicia-se tratando da origem do crime organizado no Brasil bem como faz a análise das principais organizações criminosas brasileiras. Em seguida, estuda-se a legislação comparada sobre o tema e as diversas leis pátrias que tratam de associações criminosas, em especial a Lei 9.034/95 – Lei do Crime Organizado. A seguir, são realizados estudos de alguns projetos de leis em andamento no Congresso Nacional sobre o tema e uma sugestão de lei de combate ao crime organizado. Por fim, passa-se às considerações finais a cerca do tema a partir de um estudo científico e casuístico da matéria.
The overview of present days, where the criminality reached very high levels, creates a huge preoccupation on the world’s population front of the increase of specialized criminal organizations practicing felonies that reach legal rights and fundamental rights as life. Public peace, freedom in all levels, environment, public health, economical order, administrative integrity, the direct vote and many others are among these rights. Front of the attack on legal significant rights, the State, as it has been usual, searches for an emergency law that may create penal types to solve and end the criminal actions of these organizations in an immediate way. It occurs that such rules do not have the power to weaken the organized crime in its financial structure and outlaw actions. So, it has been tried to infuse in the societies the false idea of combat to the criminal organizations in an effective way. It is inside of this reality that begins the work treating with the origin of organized crime in Brazil as well analyzes the main Brazilian criminal organizations. Right after, it is studied the legislation compared the theme and the many laws that treat the criminal associations, especially Law 9.03495 – Law of Organized Crime. It has also been realized studies of some projects of laws in course in the National Congress about the theme and a suggestion of law to combat the organized crime. At last, final considerations about the theme whereof a scientific and casuistic study of the subject.
Collett, Marisa Evelyn. "Criminal appearance and legal decision-making." FIU Digital Commons, 2000. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2406.
Full textParsley, Stephen. "Rethinking Legal Retribution." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/philosophy_theses/98.
Full textHussein, Nadia M. A. "Legal interpreting in the criminal system : an exploratory study." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/4990.
Full textSlavko, Anna Serhiivna, Анна Сергіївна Славко, and Анна Сергеевна Славко. "Some legal aspects of realization of principle of individual criminal responsibility in international criminal law." Thesis, Belarusian State Economic University, 2015. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/51091.
Full textУ статті досліджуються певні особливості реалізації принципу індивідуальної кримінальної відповідальності у міжнародному кримінальному праві
Abissamra, Filho José Carlos. "Sobre ilegalidades do sistema jurídico criminal." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2017. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/20463.
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According to Michel Foucault’s studies (or, papers based on Michel Foucault studies), there are no defined limits between legality and illegality; legality and illegality do not necessarily oppose each other; on the contrary, their relationship is useful and functional. Legal system follows the same path that drives economics. Distancing itself from the speech which makes it legitimate, the legal system ends up not accomplishing its social goals, not granting safety and predictability, and not restraining itself. The principle of legality, when applied on everyday situations, ends up being used as a tool to violate rights, which means the opposite of sustaining economic order and safety (legal predictability), leading to vulnerability and unpredictability. That might be the reason why legal system’s legitimacy has been gradually challenged. Tolerance is one way to mitigate the legal system’s inaccuracy. Prior to installing a new criminal policy or before adhering to an already existing one, and, before approving a bill, models (legal prototypes) should be created, which could help to mitigate the effects of the legal system’s inaccuracy as well
Segundo estudos de (e a partir de) Michel Foucault, não há limites rígidos entre ilegalidade e legalidade; legalidade e ilegalidade não se opõem necessariamente; ao contrário, muitas vezes, relacionam-se numa articulação útil, funcional. O Direito segue os mesmos fluxos econômicos e políticos da ordem vigente. Distanciando-se do discurso que o legitima, o Direito não cumpre a sua finalidade de pacificação da sociedade; não confere previsibilidade e segurança; enfim, não se contém. O princípio da legalidade, quando aplicado no dia a dia, revela-se como uma autorização para violar direitos, o que significa o contrário de sustentação da ordem econômica e segurança, mas vulnerabilidade e falta de previsibilidade. É provavelmente por isso que a legitimidade do Direito tem sido gradativamente questionada. Tolerância é uma forma de mitigar os efeitos da inidoneidade do Direito; da mesma forma, protótipos legais antes de instalar uma nova política criminal ou de aderir a uma já existente, ou, antes de aprovar um projeto de lei, também poderia ser uma forma de mitigar os efeitos da inidoneidade do Direito
Bekou, Olympia. "International criminal justice at the interface : the relationship between international criminal courts and national legal orders." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2005. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13411/.
Full textHalvarsson, Daniel. "The Suspect and Mutual Legal Assistance : A legal analysis of the rights of the individual in the suppression of transnational organised crime." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-260044.
Full textHuber, Hans-Peter. "Recent Legal Developments to Enhance Corporate Liability for Criminal Wrongdoing." Universität Leipzig, 2020. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A70816.
Full textChang, Kcomt Romy Alexandra. "Legal nature of the consent of legal-criminal assets: analysis in the light of the Constitution." THĒMIS-Revista de Derecho, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/107535.
Full textEl Código Penal exime de responsabilidad penal aquien actúa con consentimiento válido del titular del bien jurídico de libre disposición. Esta eximentetrae múltiples cuestionamientos.¿Qué bienes jurídicos tienen dicha naturaleza? ¿Acaso todos los bienes jurídicos individuales sonde libre disposición? De ser ese el caso, ¿cuál sería el fundamento de ello? ¿El consentimiento deltitular implica que la conducta es antijurídica, o estaríamos ante una conducta atípica?En el presente artículo, la autora responde a estas interrogantes resaltando que, en el modelo de Estado en que vivimos, los bienes jurídico-penales se protegen porque se busca la autorrealización del individuo. Sobre la base de ello, la autora sostiene que todos los bienes jurídico-penales individuales son disponibles, siendo el consentimiento una causa de atipicidad de la conducta.
Berger, Daniel Robert Howard James. "Improving legal reasoning using Bayesian probability methods." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2015. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/8914.
Full textRuffolo, Lyndsay Danielle. "Exploring the influence of legal and extra-legal factors in bail decisions /." Abstract and full text available, 2009. http://149.152.10.1/record=b3080022~S16.
Full textThesis advisor: Jennifer Hedlund. "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Criminal Justice." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 45-48). Also available via the World Wide Web.
Xu, Yuan Chang. "The validity of bite mark evidence for legal purposes." University of Western Cape, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/8193.
Full textBite mark evidence has been admitted into US courts since the 1870s. It quickly gained popularity after the conviction of W.E. Marx in 1974 for manslaughter using primarily bite mark evidence. However, since the development of DNA typing and testing in forensic science, the emergence of wrongful convictions has placed the validity of bite mark evidence admissibility into severe dispute. This mini-thesis is a condensation of the past ten years’ worth of literature on the latest researches regarding bite mark evidence. The theory of the uniqueness of the human dentition is analysed. The accurate reproducibility of bite mark on skin with regard to distortion is discussed. Some bite mark court cases, including wrongful convictions are explored. Inconsistent expert opinions and the lack of standards amongst practitioners are also examined. The aim of this study is to summarize the validity of bite mark evidence in the courts of law.
Xiang, Fang. "Mutual legal assistance in criminal matters between Hong Kong and the Mainland." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2004. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B3370854X.
Full textShan, Jia. "LEGAL REGULATION ON COUNTER-TERRORISM." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/307620.
Full textShan, Jia. "LEGAL REGULATION ON COUNTER-TERRORISM." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/307620.
Full textRamages, Kelly-Anne. "Investigating the minimum age of criminal responsibility in African legal systems." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2008. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_4999_1259563406.
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The following thesis investigates the MACR in African Legal Systems. The MACR is the youngest age at which children in conflict with the law find themselves caught up in the harsh realities of the criminal justice system. Up until recently, debates around fixing a MACR had been successfully side-stepped since the adoption of the UNCRC in 1989. The UNCRC has provided for human rights for children on a global scale while the ACRWC provides for such rights regionally. Contracting States Parties to these treaties agree that there needs to be a MACR in place and have adopted a childrens rights-based framework for reviewing their current child laws, policies and practices in accordance with the minimum standards provided. They do not however, agree on what the fixed minimum age should be..."
Cashman, Peter Kenneth. "Legal representation and the outcome of criminal proceedings in magistrates' courts." Thesis, University of London, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322284.
Full textKorda, Catherine J. "Biases toward defendants in joint criminal trials." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2001. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1018.
Full textXiang, Fang, and 向芳. "Mutual legal assistance in criminal matters between Hong Kong and the Mainland." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3370854X.
Full textFernández, Díaz Carmen Rocío, and Documet Rafael Hernando Chanjan. "Criminal liability of legal persons: a comparative study between Spain and Peru." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2016. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/115494.
Full textEl presente trabajo estudia la responsabilidad penal de las personas jurídicas en España, la cual, después de haberse introducido en el año 2010, ha sufrido una reforma de hondo calado con la ley orgánica 1/2015. Esta ha conllevado importantes modificaciones y novedades, como la creación de una eximente de responsabilidad mediante la adopción de programas de cumplimiento, que ha supuesto un cambio en el antes existente modelo de transferencia de responsabilidad. Paralelamente a esta transformación que ha tenido lugar en el Código Penal español, en el Perú recientemente se ha aprobado la ley 30424, que crea un modelo de responsabilidad para las personas jurídicas muy similar al previsto en España. Ambos modelos de responsabilidad y la posibilidad de su exención plantean la duda de si realmente se pretende responsabilizar penalmente a las personas jurídicas o no.
Luggren, Rosana Elizabeth, and Néstor Antonio Oroño. "The criminal charges of legal persons against the phenomenon of organized crime." IUS ET VERITAS, 2016. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/122688.
Full textFrente al fenómeno de la criminalidad organizada, el sistema de imputación penal para las personas jurídicas se enfrenta con la necesidad de adecuar las construcciones teóricas a fin de brindar respuesta a los desafíos que emergen del alto grado de complejidad y volatilidad que caracteriza a las sociedades contemporáneas. e n las legislaciones modernas se han ensayado diversas soluciones, tales como el sistema vicarial “del actuar por otro” o “en lugar de otro”, que permite transferir a la persona jurídica la responsabilidad o culpabilidad de su representante; el reconocimiento de un doble sistema de imputación, entre otros. Creemos que debe avanzarse hacia un sistema específico de imputación para las personas jurídicas que atendiendo a sus particularidades coexista con el sistema propio para las personas físicas.
De, Smet Karel, and Elke Janssens. "Criminal liability of legal entities under Belgian law: A high-level overview." Universität Leipzig, 2019. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A36367.
Full textClavijo, Jave Camilo. "Criminal compliance in the peruvian criminal law." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/115578.
Full textEl trabajo propone, en primer lugar, un estudio del origen, los elementos y la aplicación del Compliance Program o, también llamado, Programa de Cumplimiento Normativo, entendido como un dispositivo interno que las empresas implementan para cumplir con la normatividad vigente, así como para prevenir y detectar las infracciones legales que se produzcan dentro de las mismas o como parte de las actividades que estas realizan. Asimismo, se intenta explicar y desarrollar la relación entre los nuevos riesgos, debido al desarrollo económico y tecnológico, y el derecho penal como ente protector de bienes jurídicos de importancia para la sociedad. Esto último tiene como finalidad analizar el Criminal Compliance, destinado a que la empresa ordene su actividad conforme a la normativa aplicable, en especial la ley penal. En tal sentido, se desarrolla la aplicación que el Estado peruano ha realizado del referido Programa de Cumplimiento Normativo en el ordenamiento jurídico, en concreto los avances sectoriales. Finalmente, se analiza el impacto del Criminal Compliance en el ordenamiento jurídico penal. Para ello, se hace una referencia al sistema de responsabilidad penal adoptado en el Perú y de qué manera esto impacta en la aplicación del Criminal Compliance.
Leong, Angela Veng Mei. "Serious organised crime and terror : an analysis of legal and non-legal strategies in the context of criminal justice." Thesis, University of London, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.428498.
Full textGalli, Filippo. "Market expansion and the co-opetition of criminal organizations in Italy." Master's thesis, NSBE - UNL, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/11760.
Full textA mafia modernization process will be addressed. That is the process by which the expansion growth into new territories coincided with a shift of objectives and interests of the mafia itself, which turned from being "traditional" to "entrepreneurial." Beside that we will examine the strategies adopted by the criminal organizations in order to successfully face the legal market and maintain at the same time a deep control over their home-regions.
Laird, Jessica O. "Suspicious Minds: An Analysis of Insanity and Legal Accountability in American Criminal Law." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1143.
Full textSantana, Célia Maria Marques de. "Banco de perfis genéticas criminal : uma discussão bioética." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2013. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/15869.
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O armazenamento e a utilização de perfis genéticos em bancos de dados com intuito de auxiliar a investigação criminal e a Justiça têm gerado relevantes questionamentos bioéticos. A partir disso, o objetivo principal desse trabalho é discutir os aspectos bioéticos relacionados à implantação e utilização do Banco Nacional de Perfis Genéticos Criminal Brasileiro. A reflexão bioética proposta contará com o aposte das teorias e princípios da Bioética, em especial, o Princípio da Responsabilidade de Hans Jonas, e ainda as Declarações da UNESCO sobre Bioética, Direitos Humanos e Dados Genéticos. O trabalho teve como objetivo específico, examinar as repercussões da utilização do banco sobre a privacidade dos indivíduos e verificar as expectativas de um grupo de cidadãos comuns sobre a implantação e o uso de um banco desta natureza no Brasil. A metodologia adotada contou com levantamento bibliográfico e documental acerca do tema e aplicação de entrevistas individuais, semiestruturadas, a um grupo de 54 cidadãos comuns, em dois locais distintos do Distrito Federal (Rodoviária Interestadual do Plano Piloto e Aeroporto Internacional de Brasília). Do total de entrevistados apenas 49 indivíduos conseguiram finalizar a entrevista e se posicionar sobre o tema abordado. A investigação evidenciou que a maioria dos entrevistados se mostrou favorável à implantação e à utilização do Banco Nacional de Perfis Genéticos Criminal, o argumento mais utilizado para justificar essa opção foi a possibilidade de facilitar a identificação da autoria do crime e o trabalho de investigação policial atribuído ao uso dessa ferramenta. Essa mesma maioria entendeu não existir invasão de privacidade no uso de um banco de dados com essa finalidade, o que se mostrou coerente com o fato de também a maioria se colocar como possível doador de material biológico para inclusão de perfil genético na base de dados. Conclui-se, portanto, que o grupo pesquisado conseguiu se posicionar e argumentar sobre o tema em questão, apesar do pouco conhecimento sobre o assunto. E que em relação a assuntos de grande relevância pública como esse, em que exista a possibilidade de desrespeito a direitos, às liberdades fundamentais e à invasão de privacidade, é importante a ampliação do debate com envolvimento de diversos atores e que a opinião da sociedade seja considerada. E ainda, que em situações onde interesses coletivos e individuais estão envolvidos, é relevante que a bioética seja chamada a subsidiar a ponderação desses interesses. Por fim, a criação e o uso de uma ferramenta de importante valor social como essa, deve ser pautado em critérios e princípios éticos como, o princípio da responsabilidade, da prudência e no respeito da dignidade humana. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
The storing and use of genetic profiles in data banks for the purpose of helping criminal investigation and justice have raised relevant bioethical issues. Based on that, the main objective of this work is to discuss the bioethical aspects related to implementation and use of the Brazilian Criminal Genetic Profiles Data Bank. The proposed bioethical reflection will count on the bioethics theory and principles, in particular, the Principle of Responsibility by Hans Jonas and Unesco’s statements about Bioethics, Human Rights and Genetic Information. The specific objective of this work was to examine the consequences of using the information as it affects the privacy of individuals. In addition verify the expectations of a group of common citizens in regards to the implementation and use of the DNA data bank in this way in Brasil. The chosen method included bibliographical and documental survey of the theme as well as individual interviews, semi-structured, of 54 people in two different locations in the Distrito Federal. Of those interviewed, only 49 were able to finalize the interview and take a position on the issue. The investigation shows that the majority of those interviewed were favorable to the implementation and use of a Criminal Genetic Profiles Data Bank. The most used argument for justifying this option was the possibility of easier identification and investigation of the criminal by the police. The same majority understood that there was no privacy breach by such use and most of them were willing to be possible donors of biological material to be included in the genetic profile data base. In conclusion, the study group interviewed was able to discuss and take a position on the issue in spite of their little understanding of the subject. With regard to issues of public relevance like this one, in which there exists the possibility of disrespect of fundamental rights and liberties and invasion of privacy, it is important that the debate be more widespread with participation of diverse people and that the opinion of society be considered.. Also, in situations where individual and collective interests are involved, it is relevant that the bioethics be called upon to support the weight of these interests. And finally, the creation and use of a tool of such important social value as this should be guided by ethical principles and criteria such as responsibility, prudence and the respect of human dignity.
Frabutt, Anthony W. "The effects of pre-service legal encounters on first-term unsuitability attrition in the the U.S. Navy." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1996. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA307674.
Full textCooper, Debbie. "Special measures for child witnesses : a socio-legal study of criminal procedure reform." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2010. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11319/.
Full textKennedy, Chloe Jane Sophia. "Criminal law and the Scottish moral tradition." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/17935.
Full textChipeta, W. "Is ‘the policy element’ a legal requirement under international criminal law for crimes against humanity?" University of the Western Cape, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4438.
Full textThe precise legal definition of crimes against humanity has always been elusive since their first codification in the IMT Charter in 1945. Jurisprudence applying the definition has reflected the uncertainty especially with regard to the contextual element that requires that crimes against humanity should be committed pursuant to some form of a policy of a state or organisation: The Policy Element. In the 1990s the ICTY in its early Decisions exhibited an inclination to broaden the scope of the application of crimes against humanity by downgrading the Policy Element to cover states and non-state actors in asymmetric armed conflicts. In 2002, this tendency culminated in the complete abandonment of the Policy Element requirement. Eminent international criminal law scholars are divided whether the ICTY was correct or not. At the same time, Article 7(2) (a) of ICC Statute has expressly provided for a downgraded Policy Element that somehow resonates with the ICTY as it covers states and organisations. In 2010, the Situation in the Republic of Kenya presented the ICC with a question whether the concept of organisation in Article 7(2) (a) of the Statute covers organisations generally or only state-like organisations. The Majority Decision resonated with the more recent jurisprudence of the ICTY and held that it covered all organisations. The Dissenting Opinion, however, restricted the Policy Element to only state-like organisations. This Research agrees with the recent ICTY position that has been reflected by the Majority Decision and postulates that the Policy Element should not be a requirement for crimes against humanity.
Gardner, John. "Responsibility and practical evaluation." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.319064.
Full textTheophile, Sugira. "Analysis of legal issues arising from the principle of concurrent domestic and international jurisdiction : application to the Rwandan context." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13008.
Full textIn international criminal law, the application of the principle of concurrent jurisdiction necessitates the existence of two types of Courts: a national court and an international one. As a result of the uniqueness of the Rwandan context, there were more courts hearing matters that arose from the genocide.6 In Rwanda, such cases are tried by ‘conventional courts’ and the ‘Gacaca’ courts. Gacaca is defined as a system of transitional participative community justice, whereby the population is given the chance to speak about the committed atrocities, to prosecute, defend, judge and punish the criminals. The conventional courts are divided into ordinary courts and military courts. All these courts have the jurisdiction to prosecute genocide cases. Genocide cases were therefore heard in three different courts domestically but in concurrence with International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR). As a result of the particular context of the Rwandan Genocide of 1994, particular issues arise and will be explored in this study.
Stappert, Nora. "International courts and legal innovation : the politics and practices of interpretation in international criminal law." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:fc01d1e2-806d-48b3-88fe-88fd710426e1.
Full textKramer, Greg M. Heilbrun Kirk. "Plea bargaining recommendations by criminal defense attorneys : legal, psychological, and substance abuse rehabilitative influences /." Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2006. http://dspace.library.drexel.edu/handle/1860/734.
Full textMukwana, Michael Ddeme. "Self-referrals to the international criminal court: legal analysis, case studies and critical evaluation." University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5639.
Full textThe main contributor of situations before the International Criminal Court (hereinafter ICC) has been state parties that have referred situations on their own territory to the ICC through “self-referral”. This study examines the concept of self-referral tracing the history of voluntary deferral by states of their jurisdiction over international crimes up to the enactment of the Rome Statute. The study finds that states were historically reluctant to have international crimes committed on their territory handled by other bodies or states. The self-referrals under the ICC regime are therefore a novelty in international criminal law. The legality of the act of self-referral under the Rome Statute is also examined and it is concluded that self-referrals are provided for within the Statute, although their legality has been questioned. The study establishes that self-referrals have seen unprecedented cooperation by territorial states but have also been selective in nature, targeting only non-state actors (rebel groups) .The study further compares the ICC’s handling of two other situations (Kenya and Darfur) which were triggered by antagonistic proprio motu and UN Security Council referrals respectively. The ultimate collapse of cases arising out of the Kenyan situation plus the suspension of investigations in Darfur due to non-cooperation is significant when compared with the relative successes registered with self-referred situations. The study concludes that whereas self-referrals may involve concessions to the territorial state like non-prosecution of state actors, this is a necessary evil to ensure successful investigations and prosecutions of international crimes. I recommend at the end of the study that in order to shield the office of the ICC Prosecutor from the diplomacy, dirty international politics and compromises at play in securing referrals as well as cooperation during the entire prosecution process, there should be a separate organ of the ICC handling investigations and interactions with states.
Brennan, Sean Campbell. "Method in legal-ethical reasoning, the criminal lawyer's conscience, the client and the court." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ53095.pdf.
Full textThornton, J. W. A. "The impact of criminal legal aid finance reduction on the work of defence lawyers." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2017. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/420763/.
Full textGarbett, Claire Joyce. "War and its witnesses : International criminal justice and the legal recognition of civilian victims." Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.514287.
Full textAli, Ahmed Palh Baker Iljas. "United states' opposition to the international criminal court : a legal and political-cultural analysis /." Abstract, 2008. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2551/cd418/4837949.pdf.
Full textDouglas, Heather Anne. "Legal narratives of indigenous existence : crime, law and history /." Connect to thesis, 2005. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00001751.
Full textTremori, Tália Missen. "Identificação criminal de espécies da fauna silvestre por DNA mitocondrial." Botucatu, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/154801.
Full textResumo: O tráfico, contrabando e comércio ilegal de animais é a quarta atividade ilícita mais comum no mundo, colocando em risco a extinção de diversas espécies. Além disso, o comércio ilegal de animais silvestres pode ser meio de veiculação de enfermidades, principalmente de caráter zoonótico, ao serem transportadas por animais. O trabalho tem por objetivo identificar espécies de animais da fauna silvestre através do DNA mitocondrial (mtDNA), tricologia e determinar a prevalência de Trypanosoma cruzi agente etiológico da enfermidade de Chagas, uma Enfermidade Tropical Negligenciada (NTD), segundo a Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS). Foram coletadas amostras de tecido muscular, pele, sangue e pelos em animais oriundos de apreensões no território brasileiro. Para a identificação genética, foi sequenciada uma região conservada do mtDNA de aproximadamente 600 pares de bases e comparados com o banco de dados genético Barcode of Life Database (BOLD). A identificação por pelos foi realizada através de análise comparada e o diagnóstico T. cruzi através da técnica Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP), uma técnica rápida, barata e sensível. Foram identificados animais das espécies Dasypus sp., Mazama gouazoubira, Pantera onca, Cerdocyon thous, Tamandua tetradactyla, Didelphis aurita, Puma concolor, Myoprocta sp., Cavia sp., Galictis cuja; através do sequenciamento genético do mtDNA e as espécies Alouatta sp., Ozotoceros bezoarticus, Sylvilagus brasiliensis, Didelphis albiventris, Pa... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Animal trafficking, smuggling and illegal trade is the fourth most common illegal activity in the world, increases the risk of extinction of several endangered species. An important point concerning illegal animal trade and the increasing globalization is that represents a possible vehicle for illness spreading, including zoonosis, creating a health public issue. The aim of this research is to identify species from the wildlife by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), hair and determines the prevalence of the zoonotic agent Trypanosoma cruzi, etiological agent of Chagas’ disease, a Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD) according to World Health Organization (WHO). Samples were collected from blood, muscle and skin from trafficking animals in Brazilian territory. A preserved region from mtDNA (600 base pair) was sequenced and compared to the Barcode of Life Database (BOLD) in order to do the genetic identification. Hair identification was complete by compared analysis. The diagnosis of T. cruzi ware made using the Loop-mediated Isotehrmal Amplification (LAMP) assay, a rapid, cheap and sensible technique. Have been identified the following species: Dasypus sp., Mazama gouazoubira, Pantera onca, Cerdocyon thous, Tamandua tetradactyla, Didelphis aurita, Puma concolor, Myoprocta sp., Cavia sp., Galictis cuja; using mtDNA sequencing and these species: Alouatta sp., Ozotoceros bezoarticus, Sylvilagus brasiliensis, Didelphis albiventris, Panthera onca, Puma concolor, Myrmecophaga tridactyla, Leopard... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Resumen: El tráfico, contrabando y comercialización ilegal de animales es la tercera actividad ilícita que más ocurre en el mundo, poniendo en riesgo la extinción de muchas especies. Además el comercio ilegal puede ser un vehículo de transmisión de enfermedades, principalmente las zoonosis, que pueden ser llevadas por los animales. La investigación tiene por objetivo identificar especies de animales de la fauna silvestre a través de ADN mitocondrial (mtDNA), tricología y la determinación de prevalencia del parásito Trypanosoma cruzi, causante de la enfermedad de Chagas, una Enfermedad Tropical Desatendidas (NTD) de acuerdo con la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). Se recogieron muestras de tejido muscular, piel, sangre y pelos de animales procedentes de aprensión en el territorio nacional de Brasil. Para la identificación genética, fue realizado secuenciación de una región conservada del mtDNA con aproxidamente 600 pares de bases y luego fueron comparados con el banco de datos genético Barcode of Life Database (BOLD). La identificación por pelos ha sido llevada a cabo por análisis comparado y el diagnostico de los agentes infecciosos con carácter zoonosis fue determinado con la técnica Loop-mediated Isotehrmal Amplification (LAMP), que es sensible, barata y rápida. Los animales identificados fueron Dasypus sp., Mazama gouazoubira, Pantera onca, Cerdocyon thous, Tamandua tetradactyla, Didelphis aurita, Puma concolor, Myoprocta sp., Cavia sp., Galictis cuja; por medio de secuenciac... (Resumen completo clicar acceso eletrônico abajo)
Doutor
Serhan, Shakieb. "The legal status of the Sulha in the criminal law of the State of Israel." Thesis, University of Derby, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10545/622745.
Full textBuckingham, Judith Isabel. "Patterns of violence in intimate relationships: a critical examination of legal responses." University of Canterbury. Law, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/849.
Full textRadicchi, Ronaldo. "Responsabilidade civil e criminal do atendimento odontologico ao paciente HIV soropositivo." [s.n.], 2001. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/288751.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: A Síndrome da Imunodeficência Adquirida (SIDA) desde o seu surgimento em 1981, tem sido objeto de estudos para obtenção de sua cura tanto em países desenvolvidos como naqueles em desenvolvimento. Ao contrário de outras doenças, ela não respeita as usuais barreiras geográficas e sócio-econômicas, e constitui-se em flagelo em países carentes, atingindo até 1/3 da população ativa para o trabalho. Na época de seu aparecimento, havia um interesse mundial significativo em prol dos direitos humanos, e pela primeira vez, os esforços de cura fizeram-se acompanhar de outros direcionados para a proteção da individualidade do doente. Um importante resultado desta coincidência foi a modificação da tradicional relação entre o Médico/Agente de Saúde e os pacientes. Diante deste novo contexto todos os países adotaram novas leis de assistência à saúde, e o Brasil situa-se entre os que possuem legislação moderna e abrangente. Estas novas leis surgiram principalmente na década de 1990, e algumas são bem recentes datando de 2000. O presente trabalho teve como primeiro objetivo estimar o grau de conhecimento sobre estas leis, e para tanto foi escolhida uma população de 6.289 Cirurgiões Dentistas que trabalham em Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. Dentro desta população foi selecionada ao acaso uma amostragem de 203 profissionais, que responderam a um questionário com 65 questões objetivas e direcionadas para os aspectos legais no atendimento a portadores de H IV adultos. Os dados obtidos foram agrupados segundo as variáveis classificatórias, a saber: sexo (130 mulheres e 73 homens), tempo de formado (61 profissionais formados entre O e 5 anos, 51 formados entre 6 e 10 anos e 91 formados a mais de 11 anos), procedência universitária (96 profissionais formados por Universidade Privada e 107 por Universidade Pública), e especialidade ( 114 sem especialidade, 36 especialistas em área com maior afinidade ao tema e 53 especialistas em áreas com menor afinidade ao tema). O processamento dos dados foi feito através de análise estatística que incluiu os testes Qui-Quadrado, Exato de Fisher, G2 ou Razão de Verossimilhança, Kruskal Wallis e Wilcoxon. Os resultados finais mostraram 36,09% de nível de acerto médio às questões propostas, indicando haver um significativo desconhecimento do assunto. Além deste fato, constatou-se que nenhum grupo dentro da amostra apresentou resultado estatístico significativo em termos de nível de acerto de respostas. O segundo objetivo foi a construção de um manual informativo sob forma de apostila, contendo respostas às perguntas onde o conhecimento da amostra indicava carência de informação, e que se constitui em anexo do presente trabalho. A forma simples de sua apresentação é a estratégia adotada para facilitar a consulta do interessado e possibilitar melhor divulgação. Espera-se que este trabalho possa ser fonte prática de consultas tanto para o Cirurgião Dentista que trabalha em Rede Pública como na Privada, e bem como uma efetiva contribuição do Curso de Pós Graduação em Odontologia Legal e Deontologia para o aprimoramento profissional da classe odontológica
Abstract: The knowledge of a great urban population of Dentists involved in civil and criminal policies in HIV serum-positive dentistry procedures was investigated in this study. AIOS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) is a Pandemic disease causing clinic fault in immunologic system that predisposes the patient to opportunistic infection. It appears just on human rights era, and helped change our conception about discrimination. One of the consequences were the modification between Physicians and Patients relationship. Since 1981, has increased the number of laws that treat serum-positive rights, currently patient's privacy and biologic insurance are the main policies of civil and criminal responsibilities. The Author carried out an investigation with 203 Dentists in Belo Horizonte City, where 64,03% was woman and 35,97% man, 52,70% was graduated in state University and 47,30% in private one, 30,04% was graduated from 1 to 5 years, 25,12% was graduated from 6 to 10 years, 44,84% was graduated from 11 years and more, 56,15% was generalist, 17,73% was specialist in some surgical area and 26,12% were specialist in non surgical area. Some aspects like diagnostic, professional secret, legal worker's rights, legal civil and criminal responsibilities, biologic insurance, and local work conditions were researched. The Qui-Square Test, Fisher Exact Test, Likelihood Ratio Test, Kruskal-Wallis Test and Wilcoxon Test were used for statistic analysis, and the results showed 36,09% media rate of rights answers, and none of the sample groups presented sufficient knowledge of civil and criminal responsibilities. Concerning biologic insurance, none of the groups used more than 80% of insurance items, and the public service used fewer items than private service. This aspects that presented deficiency of knowledge were used as a guide to made informative manual, managed to ali professionals that want to actualize themselves
Mestrado
Mestre em Odontologia Legal e Deontologia
Mukhopadhy, Anindita. "Legal and penal institutions within a middle-class perspective in colonial Bengal, 1854-1910." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1996. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28506/.
Full textKyriakidou, Marilena. "Evaluation of children's testimonies in the Republic of Cyprus : implications for criminal and legal procedures." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.575378.
Full textSaraiva, Leao Astrid. "Corporate Criminal Liability for Human Trafficking in the EU : a Legal Obligation for Member States?" Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-273951.
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