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Journal articles on the topic 'Leg Tomography'

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Leg Tomography.

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 29 January 2023

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1

Reikerås, Olav, and Arne Høiseth. "Torsion of the leg determined by computed tomography." Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica 60, no. 3 (January 1989): 330–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/17453678909149288.

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2

Wilson, Joshua M., R. Edward Coleman, and Timothy G. Turkington. "Variable-time positron emission tomography leg protocol to equalize noise for positron emission tomography/computed tomography acquisitions." Nuclear Medicine Communications 32, no. 9 (September 2011): 868–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mnm.0b013e328347f1a3.

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3

Convertino, V. A., D. F. Doerr, J. F. Flores, G. W. Hoffler, and P. Buchanan. "Leg size and muscle functions associated with leg compliance." Journal of Applied Physiology 64, no. 3 (March 1, 1988): 1017–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1988.64.3.1017.

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Leg compliance is "causally related with greater susceptibility" to orthostatic stress. Since peak O2 uptake (peak VO2) and muscle strength may be related to leg compliance, we examined the relationships between leg compliance and factors related to muscle size and physical fitness. Ten healthy men, 25-52 yr, underwent tests for determination of vascular compliance of the calf (Whitney mercury strain gauge), peak VO2 (Bruce treadmill), calf muscle strength (Cybex isokinetic dynamometer), body composition (densitometry), and anthropometric measurements of the calf. Cross-sectional areas (CSA) of muscle, fat, and bone in the calf were determined by computed tomography scans. Leg compliance was not significantly correlated with any variables associated with physical fitness per se (peak VO2, calf strength, age, body weight, or composition). Leg compliance correlated with calf CSA (r = -0.72, P less than 0.02) and calculated calf volume (r = -0.67, P less than 0.03). The most dominant contributing factor to the determination of leg compliance was CSA of calf muscle (r = -0.60, P less than 0.06), whereas fat and bone were poor predictors (r = -0.11 and 0.07, respectively). We suggest that leg compliance is less when there is a large muscle mass providing structural support to limit expansion of the veins. This relationship is independent of aerobic and/or strength fitness level of the individual.

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4

Angelhed, J. E., L. Strid, E. Bergelin, and B. Fagerberg. "Measurement of lower-leg volume change by quantitative computed tomography." Acta Radiologica 49, no. 9 (November 2008): 1024–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02841850802427879.

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Background: Lower-leg edema is a common symptom in many diseases. A precise method with low variability for measurement of edema is warranted in order to obtain optimal conditions for investigation of treatment effects. Purpose: To evaluate computed tomography for precise measurement of lower-leg muscle and adipose tissue volumes using a very low level of effective radiation dose. Material and Methods: Eleven volunteers were examined three times during 1 day, either as two consecutive examinations in the morning and one single examination in the afternoon, or as one examination in the morning and two in the afternoon. Eleven scans with computed tomography were made at each examination, and lower-leg volumes were calculated from automatically measured scan areas and interscan distances. Volumes for muscle, adipose tissue, and bone were calculated separately. Minimal radiation dose was used. Results: Mean difference between the repeated examinations was −0.1 ml for total volume, −1.4 ml for muscle, and 1.6 ml for adipose tissue volume. The corresponding 95% confidence intervals were −6.5 to 6.0 ml, −3.5 to 6.5 ml, and −7.0 to 4.0 ml, respectively. The resulting effective dose was 0.5 µSv to one leg. Conclusion: Computed tomography can be used as a precise quantitative method to measure small volume changes of the lower leg as a whole, and separately for muscle and adipose tissue. The results were obtained with a negligible effective dose, lower than that delivered by modern fan-beam dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry whole-body examinations and equal to a few hours of background radiation.

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5

Harris, Ian, Angela Hatfield, and Judie Walton. "ASSESSING LEG LENGTH DISCREPANCY AFTER FEMORAL FRACTURE: CLINICAL EXAMINATION OR COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY?" ANZ Journal of Surgery 75, no. 5 (May 2005): 319–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1445-2197.2005.03349.x.

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6

Subramaniam, Sriram. "The SIV Surface Spike Imaged by Electron Tomography: One Leg or Three?" PLoS Pathogens 2, no. 8 (August 25, 2006): e91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.0020091.

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7

Buda, S., D. Gronemeyer, H. M. Hafez, M. Matzke, A. Walter, and K. D. Budras. "Computed Tomography as a New Tool for Investigating Leg Weakness in Turkeys." Anatomia, Histologia, Embryologia: Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series C 34, s1 (December 2005): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0264.2005.00669_19.x.

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8

Pavlovic, Mladen, Bojan Milosevic, Dragce Radovanovic, Aleksandar Cvetkovic, Bratislav Trifunovic, Dragan Canovic, Slobodanka Mitrovic, et al. "Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the right upper leg: A case report." Vojnosanitetski pregled 75, no. 3 (2018): 320–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp160512237p.

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Introduction. Malignant fibrous histiocytoma is a fast spreading pleomorphic sarcoma with a high malignant potential. Its spreading is characterized with local invasion and distant metastazes with early onset. Most common localisations of development are extremities, trunk and retroperitoneum. Given the line of rare case and specimen, lack of a clear etiology and mechanisms of this disease, as well as adequate histopathologic findings and intraoperative documentation, we presented current status, discuss putative etiology, histopathology with variant morphology, differential diagnosis and treatment modalities. Case report. We presented a 56-years-old female Serbian with tumor in the thigh that clinically resembles incapsulated hematoma. Computed tomography revealed intramuscular tumor with a heterodense structure and compression on surround tissue. Ex tempore biopsy specimen showed malignant potential of the tumor. Wide and radical excision of the nodule has been done, and definitive histopathological verification revealed malignant fibrous histiocytoma. Conclusion. Malignant fibrous histiocytoma is a most common type of soft tissue sarcomas in adults. Frequent localization is on lower extremities, and every rapidly enlarging nodule in this localization that on computed tomography is like incapsulated hematoma with necrotic zone should alert suspicion on presence of this type of sarcoma.

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9

Holme, Thomas J., Johann Henckel, Kai Hartshorn, Justin P. Cobb, and Alister J. Hart. "Computed tomography scanogram compared to long leg radiograph for determining axial knee alignment." Acta Orthopaedica 86, no. 4 (January 13, 2015): 440–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/17453674.2014.1003488.

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10

Makrogiannis, Sokratis, Fatima Boukari, and Luigi Ferrucci. "Automated skeletal tissue quantification in the lower leg using peripheral quantitative computed tomography." Physiological Measurement 39, no. 3 (April 3, 2018): 035011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6579/aaafb5.

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11

Zhao, Huijuan, Feng Gao, Yukari Tanikawa, Yoichi Onodera, Masato Ohmi, Masamitsu Haruna, and Yukio Yamada. "Imaging of in vitro chicken leg using time-resolved near-infrared optical tomography." Physics in Medicine and Biology 47, no. 11 (May 21, 2002): 1979–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/47/11/310.

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12

Patsch, Janina M., Martin A. Zulliger, Nicolas Vilayphou, Elizabeth J. Samelson, Daniel Cejka, Danielle Diarra, Gundula Berzaczy, et al. "Quantification of lower leg arterial calcifications by high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography." Bone 58 (January 2014): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2013.08.006.

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13

Ohnona, Jessica, Arnaud Metlaine, Damien Leger, and Jean-Noël Talbot. "A Restless Leg Syndrome Incidentally Detected by an 18F-FDG Positron Emission Tomography." Clinical Nuclear Medicine 42, no. 5 (May 2017): 389–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/rlu.0000000000001583.

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14

Rice, C. L., D. A. Cunningham, D. H. Paterson, and M. S. Lefcoe. "Arm and leg composition determined by computed tomography in young and elderly men." Clinical Physiology 9, no. 3 (June 1989): 207–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-097x.1989.tb00973.x.

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15

Pouriki, S., M. Skalistira, C. Zoumpouli, and N. Alexakis. "Necrotising fasciitis of the left leg caused by perforated caecal adenocarcinoma." Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England 99, no. 8 (November 2017): e223-e224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/rcsann.2017.0138.

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An 82-year-old man presented with abdominal pain and a painful and swollen left thigh. On examination there was oedema, tenderness and crepitus with skin discoloration of the left thigh. Computed tomography showed retroperitoneal perforation of the caecum and necrotising fasciitis of the left thigh. A right hemicolectomy and repeated fasciotomies of the left thigh with debridement of necrotic tissue were performed but the patient died of multi-organ failure. Histology showed a pT4aN2c caecal adenocarcinoma. This is a unique presentation of a retroperitoneal caecal perforation and acts as a reminder that unexplained severe fasciitis of the thigh may be caused by an intra-abdominal pathology.

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16

Stickle, R. L., L. M. Dejardin, U. V. Mostosky, and T. D. Braden. "The Use of Computed Tomography in Fragmented Coronoid Disease: A Case Report." Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 07, no. 01 (1994): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1633043.

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A 13-month-old Rottweiler was presented with a lameness on the left front leg. The CT scan revealed a large fragmented coronoid process in the elbow joint which was not demonstrable on regular radiographs.

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17

Faleiros, Antonio Tadeu de Souza, Luiz Antonio de Lima Resende, Marco Antonio Zanini, Heloisa Amélia de Lima Castro, and Roberto Colichio Gabarra. "L4-L5-S1 human dermatomes: a clinical, electromyographical, imaging and surgical findings." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 67, no. 2a (June 2009): 265–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x2009000200017.

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There is substantial controversy in literature about human dermatomes. We studied L4, L5, and S1 inferior limb dermatomes by comparing clinical signs and symptoms with conduction studies, electromyographical data, neurosurgical findings, and imaging data from computerized tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). After analyzing 60 patients, we concluded that L4 is probably located in the medial aspect of the leg, L5 in the lateral aspect of the leg and foot dorsus, and S1 in the posterior aspect of the backside, tight, leg and plantar foot skin. This is the first time that these human dermatomes have been evaluated by combined analysis of clinical, electromyographical, neurosurgical, and imaging data.

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18

Krešić, Elvira, Siniša Pamić, Nataša Šarkić, Ivana Kuhtić, Tihomir Percen, Magdalena Linić, Igor Erjavec, and Željana Bašić. "Ankylosis of knee joint in human skeletal remains from Istria, case report from St. Teodor (15th-18th centuries)." Journal of bioanthropology 2, no. 1 (December 13, 2022): 22–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.54062/jb.2.1.8.

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Objective: To present a case of knee joint ankylosis in human skeletal remains found in Istria, Croatia. Materials and methods: A fused knee joint was found at archeological site St Teodor. We analyzed the knee changes using macroscopic observation, using digital radiography and computed tomography. Results: Macroscopic analysis and both digital radiography and computed tomography imaging show knee ankylosis with cortical thickening. Conclusion: Knee ankylosis with cortical thickening suggests that the person still used the leg despite the disability.

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19

Vos, Annelotte, Aryan Vink, Remko Kockelkoren, Richard A. P. Takx, Csilla Celeng, Willem P. T. M. Mali, Ivana Isgum, Ronald L. A. W. Bleys, and Pim A. de Jong. "Radiography and Computed Tomography Detection of Intimal and Medial Calcifications in Leg Arteries in Comparison to Histology." Journal of Personalized Medicine 12, no. 5 (April 29, 2022): 711. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm12050711.

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Calcifications are common in the tunica intima and tunica media of leg arteries. There is growing interest in medial arterial calcifications, as they may be modifiable with treatment. We aimed to investigate radiography and computed tomography (CT) for the detection and characterization of both types of arterial calcification in leg arteries in relation to histology. In a postmortem study we therefore investigated 24 popliteal and 24 tibial arteries. The reference standard was presence of arterial calcification and the dominance of intimal or medial calcification on histology. Radiographs and CT scans were scored for presence of calcification and for dominant intimal or medial pattern based on prespecified criteria (annularity, thickness, continuity). Both radiography and CT detected 87% of histologically proven calcifications but missed mild calcifications in 13%. When only the arteries with detected calcifications were included, a moderate agreement was observed on intimal/medial location of calcifications between histology and radiography (correct in 19/24 arteries (79%); Kappa 0.58) or CT (correct in 33/46 arterial segments (72%); Kappa 0.48). With both modalities there was a slight tendency to classify intimal calcifications as being located in the media and to miss media calcification. Our study demonstrates the potential and limitations of both radiography and CT to detect and classify arterial calcifications in leg arteries.

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20

Liu, M., S. J. Shan, T. Xiao, Y. F. Yin, J. Wu, H. C. Wei, H. D. Chen, and C. D. He. "A case of primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, leg type monitored with fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography." British Journal of Dermatology 160, no. 3 (March 2009): 713–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08997.x.

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21

Neelly, Kurt, Harvey W. Wallmann, and Chad J. Backus. "Validity of measuring leg length with a tape measure compared to a computed tomography scan." Physiotherapy Theory and Practice 29, no. 6 (January 4, 2013): 487–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/09593985.2012.755589.

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22

Müller, Mark, Ivo de Sena Oliveira, Sebastian Allner, Simone Ferstl, Pidassa Bidola, Korbinian Mechlem, Andreas Fehringer, et al. "Myoanatomy of the velvet worm leg revealed by laboratory-based nanofocus X-ray source tomography." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 47 (November 6, 2017): 12378–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1710742114.

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X-ray computed tomography (CT) is a powerful noninvasive technique for investigating the inner structure of objects and organisms. However, the resolution of laboratory CT systems is typically limited to the micrometer range. In this paper, we present a table-top nanoCT system in conjunction with standard processing tools that is able to routinely reach resolutions down to 100 nm without using X-ray optics. We demonstrate its potential for biological investigations by imaging a walking appendage of Euperipatoides rowelli, a representative of Onychophora—an invertebrate group pivotal for understanding animal evolution. Comparative analyses proved that the nanoCT can depict the external morphology of the limb with an image quality similar to scanning electron microscopy, while simultaneously visualizing internal muscular structures at higher resolutions than confocal laser scanning microscopy. The obtained nanoCT data revealed hitherto unknown aspects of the onychophoran limb musculature, enabling the 3D reconstruction of individual muscle fibers, which was previously impossible using any laboratory-based imaging technique.

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23

Set, P. A. K., K. Miles, S. Emmerson, and J. Jenner. "88. Leg muscle scintigraphy with 99Tcm-MIBI and single photon emission tomography in sports medicine." Nuclear Medicine Communications 15, no. 4 (April 1994): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006231-199404000-00091.

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24

Baisch, F. J. "Applied potential tomography shows differential changes in fluid content of leg tissue layers in microgravity." Advances in Space Research 14, no. 8 (August 1994): 359–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(94)90423-5.

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25

Salamone, Loran M., Thomas Fuerst, Marjolein Visser, Marialice Kern, Thomas Lang, Maurice Dockrell, Jane A. Cauley, Michael Nevitt, Francis Tylavsky, and Tim G. Lohman. "Measurement of fat mass using DEXA: a validation study in elderly adults." Journal of Applied Physiology 89, no. 1 (July 1, 2000): 345–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.2000.89.1.345.

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The accuracy of total body fat mass and leg fat mass measurements by fan-beam dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) was assessed in 60 healthy elderly subjects (aged 70–79 yr). Total fat and leg fat mass at four leg regions (total leg, thigh, midthigh, and calf) were measured with the QDR 4500A (Hologic, Waltham, MA). The four-compartment model and multislice computed tomography scans were selected as criterion methods for total fat and leg fat mass, respectively. Total fat mass from DEXA was positively associated with fat mass from the four-compartment model with a standard error of the estimate ranging from 1.4 to 1.6 kg. DEXA fan-beam tended to overestimate fat mass for total leg and total thigh fat mass, whereas only marginal differences in fat mass measurements at the midthigh and calf were demonstrated (≤0.08 kg, P< 0.0005). Although there were significant differences between DEXA fan beam and the criterion methods, these differences were of small magnitude, suggesting that DEXA is an accurate method for measurement of fat mass for the elderly.

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26

Cengiz, Mustafa, Fatma Colak, Demet Yildiz, Ali Dogan, Gokhan Ozyigit, Ferah Yildiz, and Murat Gurkaynak. "The effect of leg position on the dose distribution of intracavitary brachytherapy for cervical cancer: 3D computerised tomography plan evaluation and in vivo dosimetric study." Journal of Radiotherapy in Practice 15, no. 4 (May 20, 2016): 341–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s146039691600025x.

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AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the impact of leg position on the dose distribution during intracavitary brachytherapy for cervical cancer.Patients and methodsThis prospective study was performed on 11 women with cervical cancer who underwent intracavitary brachytherapy. After insertion of the brachytherapy applicator, two sets of computed tomography slices were taken including pelvis, one with straight leg and one with leg flexion position with knee support. The dose (7 Gy) was prescribed to point A. The radiotherapy plan was run on the Plato Planning Software System V14·1 to get the dose distributions. Also, rectum and bladder doses were measured for both leg positions during the treatment. The doses and volumes of organs were compared via the Wilcoxon signed-rank test by using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 11·5 statistical software.ResultsNo significant difference regarding the dose distributions and volumes of target, sigmoid and bladder due to leg position was observed, either on 3D planning or on in vivo dose measurements. However, there were significant differences for 25 and 50% isodose coverage of rectum in favour of straight leg position (p=0·026). There were no significant differences regarding maximum doses in any critical organ.ConclusionDifference in leg position caused only a small change in rectum dose distribution and did not cause any other change in either dose distributions or in vivo measured doses of both target and critical organs during cervical brachytherapy. Straight leg position appears better with regard to rectum dose.

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27

Rice, Paige E., Herman van Werkhoven, Edward K. Merritt, and Jeffrey M. McBride. "Lower Leg Morphology and Stretch-Shortening Cycle Performance of Dancers." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 34, no. 3 (June 1, 2018): 211–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.2017-0206.

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Greater levels of bone ultimate fracture load, bone stress–strain index, muscle cross-sectional area, and maximal voluntary isometric plantarflexion (MVIP) strength of the lower leg may be adaptations from chronic exposure to stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) actions. Dancers, a population that habitually performs SSC movements primarily about the ankle joint, may serve as a novel population to gain broader understanding of SSC function. A total of 10 female collegiate dancers and 10 untrained controls underwent peripheral quantitative computed tomography scans of both lower legs and performed MVIPs, countermovement hops, and drop hops at 20, 30, and 40 cm on a custom-made inclined sled. Dancers had greater right and left ultimate fracture load values and significantly (P ≤ .05) greater left leg stress–strain index than controls. Dancers had significantly larger right and left muscle cross-sectional area and MVIP values and hopped significantly higher during all hopping conditions in comparison with controls. Average force–time and power–time curves revealed significantly greater relative force and power measurements during the concentric phase for all hopping conditions in dancers when compared with controls. This investigation provides evidence that dance may be a stimulus for positive muscle and bone adaptations, strength levels, and enhanced SSC capabilities.

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28

Yamamoto, Tatsuya, Atsuhiro Fujie, Hidenori Tanikawa, Atsushi Funayama, and Kentaro Fukuda. "Bilateral Well Leg Compartment Syndrome Localized in the Anterior and Lateral Compartments following Urologic Surgery in Lithotomy Position." Case Reports in Orthopedics 2018 (November 14, 2018): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2328014.

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Well leg compartment syndrome (WLCS) is a rare but severe complication after the surgery in lithotomy position. We present a case of bilateral WLCS that occurred after the prolonged urologic surgery in lithotomy position. A 50-year-old man complained of severe bilateral lower leg pain and swelling sixteen hours after the surgery. Physical examination, elevated serum creatine kinase value, contrasting computed tomography, and elevated compartment pressure strongly suggested the development of bilateral WLCS localized in the anterior and lateral compartments. Emergent single-incision fasciotomy was performed four hours after diagnosis. The patient was treated successfully without any neuromuscular dysfunction. An early and accurate diagnosis is important to avoid the delay of treatment and development of neuromuscular dysfunction.

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29

Koh, Chan-Young. "A case of desmoid tumor-induced external iliac vein compression misidentified as deep vein thrombosis." Pediatric Emergency Medicine Journal 8, no. 2 (December 30, 2021): 120–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22470/pemj.2021.00367.

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Desmoid tumor, also known as desmoid-type fibromatosis, is a rare, intermediate, locally aggressive tumor with a high possibility of local infiltration and recurrence, potentially leading to life-threatening problems. We report a case of a 15-year-old girl who visited the emergency department with a 1-week history of the left leg swelling. A point-of-care ultrasound on the leg showed dilated left femoral and popliteal veins. Subsequently, a computed tomography venogram demonstrated a large pelvic mass compressing the left external iliac vein. She underwent tumor resection, and was uneventfully discharged on day 12.

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30

Dabbs, Emma B., Scott J. Dos Santos, Irenie Shiangoli, Judith M. Holdstock, David Beckett, and Mark S. Whiteley. "Pelvic venous reflux in males with varicose veins and recurrent varicose veins." Phlebology: The Journal of Venous Disease 33, no. 6 (August 31, 2017): 382–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0268355517728667.

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Objectives To report on a male cohort with pelvic vein reflux and associated primary and recurrent lower limb varicose veins. Methods Full lower limb duplex ultrasonography revealed significant pelvic contribution in eight males presenting with bilateral lower limb varicose veins. Testicular and internal iliac veins were examined with either one or a combination of computed tomography, magnetic resonance venography, testicular, transabdominal or transrectal duplex ultrasonography. Subsequently, all patients received pelvic vein embolisation, prior to leg varicose vein treatment. Results Pelvic vein reflux was found in 23 of the 32 truncal pelvic veins and these were treated by pelvic vein embolisation. Four patients have since completed their leg varicose vein treatment and four are undergoing leg varicose vein treatments currently. Conclusion Pelvic vein reflux contributes towards lower limb venous insufficiency in some males with leg varicose veins. Despite the challenges, we suggest that pelvic vein reflux should probably be investigated and pelvic vein embolisation considered in such patients.

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Ogawa, R., M. R. Baidillah, S. Akita, and M. Takei. "Investigation of physiological swelling on conductivity distribution in lower leg subcutaneous tissue by electrical impedance tomography." Journal of Electrical Bioimpedance 11, no. 1 (May 14, 2020): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/joeb-2020-0004.

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AbstractThere is a strong need for a non-invasive measurement technique that is capable of accurately identifying the physiological condition change or heterogeneity of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) by localizing the abnormalities within the compartment. This paper aims to investigate the feasibility of Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) to assess the interstitial fluid in subcutaneous adipose tissue as an enhancement method of bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (BIS). Here, we demonstrate the preliminary result of EIT with a wearable 16 electrodes sensor. The image-based reference EIT with fat weighted threshold method is proposed. In order to evaluate the performance of our novel method, a physiological swelling experiment is conducted, and Multi-Frequency Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (MFBIA) is also applied as a comparison with EIT results. The experimental results showed that the proposed method was able to distinguish the physiological swelling condition and effectively to remove the unexpected background noise. Furthermore, the conductivity variation in the subcutaneous layer had a good correlation with extracellular water volume change from MFBIA data; the correlation coefficient R2 = 0.927. It is concluded that the proposed method provides a significant prospect for SAT assessment.

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32

Ignatev, Y. T., S. A. Nikitenko, K. Y. Rozhkov, L. B. Reznik, N. L. Krupko, and E. V. Penkov. "DUAL-ENERGY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IN THE CONTROL OF REPARATIVE REGENERATION OF LOWER LEG LONG BONE FRACTURES." Diagnostic radiology and radiotherapy, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.22328/2079-5343-2016-1-64-68.

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33

de Jong, Daan J., Simone van der Star, Ronald L. A. W. Bleys, Arnold M. R. Schilham, Hugo J. Kuijf, Pim A. de Jong, and Madeleine Kok. "Computed tomography-based calcium scoring in cadaver leg arteries: Influence of dose, reader, and reconstruction algorithm." European Journal of Radiology 146 (January 2022): 110080. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrad.2021.110080.

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34

HALDEMAN, SCOTT, MOHAMMED SHOUKA, and STANLEY ROBBOY. "Computed Tomography, Electrodiagnostic and Clinical Findings in Chronic Workersʼ Compensation Patients with Back and Leg Pain." Spine 13, no. 3 (March 1988): 345–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007632-198803000-00021.

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35

Sanhudo, Jose Antônio Veiga, and Joao Luiz Ellera Gomes. "Association Between Leg Length Discrepancy and Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction." Foot & Ankle Specialist 7, no. 2 (February 12, 2014): 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1938640014522096.

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Background. Leg length discrepancy (LLD) is associated with a variety of orthopaedic disorders and biomechanical gait changes that involve possible overload of the posterior tibial tendon (PTT). In view of the biomechanical disturbances induced by LLD, an association may exist between LLD and PTT dysfunction (PTTD). Purpose. To compare the frequency and magnitude of LLD between subjects with and without PTTD and ascertain whether associations exist between clinical features and presence of dysfunction. Study Design. Case–control study. Methods. A total of 118 patients with a diagnosis of PTTD were seen between January 2009 and September 2012 and compared with 118 gender-matched and race-matched volunteers. The frequency of LLD, the mean absolute LLD, and the mean relative LLD were measured by conventional (radiographic) or computed tomography scanography and compared between cases and controls. Results. The prevalence of LLD and mean absolute and relative LLD values were significantly greater in the case group (94.9%, 5.64 mm and 7.36%, respectively) than in the control group (79.7%, 3.28 mm and 4.18%, respectively) (P < .001). Conclusion. The findings of this study demonstrate a relationship between LLD and PTTD. In light of the major biomechanical changes it induces, LLD may be a predisposing factor for development of PTTD. Level of Evidence: Prognostic, Level III: Case–control series, retrospective

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Levine, James A., Lana Abboud, Mitchel Barry, Judd E. Reed, Patrick F. Sheedy, and Michael D. Jensen. "Measuring leg muscle and fat mass in humans: comparison of CT and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry." Journal of Applied Physiology 88, no. 2 (February 1, 2000): 452–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.2000.88.2.452.

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Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) is reported to be inferior to computed tomography (CT) to measure changes in appendicular soft tissue composition. We compared CT- and DEXA-measured thigh muscle and fat mass to evaluate the random and systematic discrepancies between these two methods. Thigh skeletal muscle area (single-slice CT) was suboptimally ( r 2= 0.74, P < 0.0001) related to DEXA-measured thigh fat-free mass (FFM). In contrast, thigh muscle and adipose tissue volumes (multislice CT) were highly related to DEXA-measured thigh FFM and fat (both r 2 = 0.96, P < 0.0001). DEXA-measured leg fat was significantly less than multislice-CT-measured leg adipose tissue volume, whereas multislice-CT-measured leg muscle mass was less ( P < 0.0001) than DEXA-measured leg FFM. The systematic discrepancies between the two approaches were consistent with the 10–15% nonfat components of adipose tissue. In conclusion, CT and DEXA measures of appendicular soft tissue are highly related. Systematic differences between DEXA and CT likely relate to the underlying principles of the techniques.

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Priyadarshini, Shista, Bikal Lamichhane, and F. N. U. Manas. "LBMON138 Leg Tumeo: Is It Neuroendocrine Tumor?" Journal of the Endocrine Society 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): A468—A469. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvac150.974.

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Abstract Introduction Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are heterogenous group of epithelial neoplasms often known to produce and secrete peptides and bioamines. The presentation varies from symptomatic functional to non-functional tumors. The functional tumors cause symptoms based on the substance secreted: corticotropin, gastrin, glucagon, insulin, norepinephrine, serotonin, somatostatin, etc. The prognosis ranges from well-differentiated tumors being indolent while the poorly differentiated forms are aggressive. We present a case with an atypical presentation of NET which was noted to secrete an atypical hormone, cortisol. Case Presentation A 55-year-old Caucasian man presented with bilateral lower extremity grade 3 pitting edema for past 2 weeks. His past medical history was significant for hypertension. Lower extremity doppler showed no evidence of deep vein thrombosis. Serum potassium was critically low at 1.9mmol/L. Computed tomography of abdomen and pelvis showed a large mass involving the right hepatic lobe, upper pole of right kidney and hypoattenuated lesions in left hepatic lobe. The intrahepatic inferior vena cava appeared to be severely compressed by the mass. MRI abdomen was suggestive of hepatocellular cancer but alfaprotein levels was normal. Biochemical testing for evaluation of hormonal hypersecretion showed elevated cortisol levels (57.2mcg/dl) and markedly elevated dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (2641mcg/dl). Serum adrenocorticotrophic hormone and aldosterone levels were within normal limits. Low dose dexamethasone suppression test showed no decline in serum cortisol level reflecting adrenal origin. Urinary evaluation showed elevated cortisol but normal metanephrine and catecholamine levels. With concerns for adrenal carcinoma, right adrenal mass biopsy was performed. The biopsy showed poorly differentiated malignant neoplasm with neuroendocrine features. Tumor cells were positive for synaptophysin (a marker for neuroendocrine differentiation) and CD 138. Soon after, he progressed to multisystem organ failure, tumor lysis syndrome and resorted to comfort care. The patient passed away within a week of diagnosis. Conclusion NETs usually originate in gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, adrenal, lung and rarely genitourinary tract. The incidence of NETs is on the rise with increased detection by imaging. Adrenal NETs, well-known as pheochromocytoma are mostly benign but small cell adrenal neuroendocrine carcinomas are rare and have a grave prognosis. Flushing, diarrhea are the commonest presentations (75-85%) for gastrointestinal NETs and symptoms are based on the substance secreted. This case highlights a case of adrenal neuroendocrine cancer presenting with lower extremity swelling and secreting an uncommon hormone, cortisol. Increasing awareness among the medical fraternity will help with early diagnosis and better outcomes. Presentation: Monday, June 13, 2022 12:30 p.m. - 2:30 p.m.

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Puzanova, О. H., and А. А. Lyzikov. "Polymyalgia rheumatica in the 2018–2020 guidelines. Part II: diagnosis of vasculitis." PAIN, JOINTS, SPINE 11, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.22141/2224-1507.11.1.2021.226904.

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The issue of improved diagnosis of both rheumatic diseases of the elderly and aortic diseases does not lose its relevance. In terms of aortic aneurysms, dissection and ruptures and their attended pathogenesis, both inflammation and structural wall damages may be detected with imaging methods whose role is vital. A number of international guidelines deal with the management of polymyalgia rheumatica, giant cell arteritis, or aortic aneurysms. Aortitis is associated with up to 40 % of polymyalgia rheumatica’s cases. The clinical suspicion of aortitis is based on the detection of blood pressure and pulse asymmetry, aortic regurgitation murmur, vascular bruits, as well as persistent polymyalgia rheumatica or inflammatory dorsalgia, pelvis or leg pain. In 2020, the positron emission tomography/computed tomography’s use is approved by the Italian Society for Rheumatology for the diagnosis of vasculitis attended by polymyalgia rheumatica at the secondary healthcare level and by the European Headache Federation for the diagnosis of large vessel giant cell arteritis in the neurological practice. A review of the guideline by the European Association of Nuclear Medicine, the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, and the American Society of Nuclear Cardiology (2018) was performed in terms of positron emission tomography with fluorodesoxyglucose combined with computed tomography (angiography) imaging in large vessel vasculitis and polymyalgia rheumatica. It is further compared with the clinical guidelines, other guidelines by the societies of nuclear medicine and new scientific data. Both procedure and patient’s preparation for examination are decribed. The criteria for assessing vasculitis proposed for either clinical practice or clinical studies are considered, as well as the factors influencing the test results and their interpretation (such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, age, body mass index, glucemia’s and acute phase markers’ levels). The guideline substantiates the benefit of both positron emission tomography’s use and its combination with computed tomography to detect extracranial vasculitis, as well as the value of performing computed tomography-angiography at different stages of the disease. There is a need to strengthen evidence on both standard time of fluorodesoxyglucose exposure and the benefit of combining positron emission tomography with computed tomography-angiography, in particular for detection of vasculitis relapses. Finding a consensus for early test’s performing is needed, as well as its score standardization, ensuring reimbursement and implementation of new imaging techniques for the cranial vessels. In the future, the evidence-based approach to managing vasculitis will be supplemented by teranostics.

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Khalid, Salman, Young Jin Youn, Michael Azrin, and Juyong Lee. "Late-Onset Nonthrombotic Left Common Iliac Vein Compression Secondary to Degenerative Lumbar Disc: A Case Report of May-Thurner Variant." Vascular and Endovascular Surgery 53, no. 1 (August 9, 2018): 62–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1538574418791884.

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May-Thurner syndrome (MTS) refers to venous outflow obstruction caused by extrinsic compression of the left common iliac vein (LCIV) by the overlying pulsatile right common iliac artery against lumbar vertebrae. The classic clinical presentation is acute unilateral left leg painful swelling due to deep venous thrombosis in a young woman in the second or third decade of life. We present a case of a 66-year-old woman who presented with late-onset left leg swelling caused by nonthrombotic venous hypertension due to degenerative lumbar disc bulge leading to LCIV compression against the left common iliac artery which was confirmed by computed tomography and intravascular ultrasound. Our case highlights the importance of high index of suspicion for MTS in elderly patients with unilateral leg swelling and the importance of multimodality imaging for understanding the mechanism and appropriate treatment of MTS.

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Wang, Li, Wei Wen, Jiamiao Huang, Weijie Hu, Renrong Zhou, Xin Li, and Xiaojiang Wang. "Endoscopic Removal of a Duodenal-Perforating Leg of Glasses with Dormia Basket." Case Reports in Gastroenterology 10, no. 3 (November 14, 2016): 679–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000452205.

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Ingestion of foreign bodies is common in clinical practice. Most ingested foreign bodies will pass through the gastrointestinal (GI) tract without any problems. While GI tract injury due to the ingested foreign body such as a toothpick, a fishbone, a date pit, or a chicken bone, is common, duodenal perforation is rare. In this report, our experience with this rare entity is shared. We present a 38-year-old male patient with GI tract perforation in the bulbus of the duodenum due to a leg of glasses. The patient was admitted to our hospital with severe abdominal pain. Right upper quadrant tenderness was detected at physical examination, and leukocytosis on the laboratory test results. Plain X-ray and computerized tomography showed an ingested foreign body in the bulbus of the duodenum. A leg of glasses perforating the duodenum was removed with endoscopy. The patient was managed nonoperatively, and discharged without any complications on the eighth day after endoscopy. Endoscopic removal and nonoperative management may be feasible in carefully selected patients with duodenal-perforating foreign bodies.

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Oliveira, Ivo de Sena, Andreas Kumerics, Henry Jahn, Mark Müller, Franz Pfeiffer, and Georg Mayer. "Functional morphology of a lobopod: case study of an onychophoran leg." Royal Society Open Science 6, no. 10 (October 2019): 191200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.191200.

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Segmental, paired locomotory appendages are a characteristic feature of Panarthropoda—a diversified clade of moulting animals that includes onychophorans (velvet worms), tardigrades (water bears) and arthropods. While arthropods acquired a sclerotized exoskeleton and articulated limbs, onychophorans and tardigrades possess a soft body and unjointed limbs called lobopods, which they inherited from Cambrian lobopodians. To date, the origin and ancestral structure of the lobopods and their transformation into the jointed appendages are all poorly understood. We therefore combined high-resolution computed tomography with high-speed camera recordings to characterize the functional anatomy of a trunk lobopod from the onychophoran Euperipatoides rowelli . Three-dimensional reconstruction of the complete set of muscles and muscle fibres as well as non-muscular structures revealed the spatial relationship and relative volumes of the muscular, excretory, circulatory and nervous systems within the leg. Locomotory movements of individual lobopods of E. rowelli proved far more diverse than previously thought and might be governed by a complex interplay of 15 muscles, including one promotor, one remotor, one levator, one retractor, two depressors, two rotators, one flexor and two constrictors as well as muscles for stabilization and haemolymph control. We discuss the implications of our findings for understanding the evolution of locomotion in panarthropods.

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Buckler, Richard A., David A. Chad, Thomas W. Smith, and Robin I. Davidson. "Sciatica: An Early Manifestation of Thoracic Vertebral Osteochondroma." Neurosurgery 21, no. 1 (July 1, 1987): 98–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/00006123-198707000-00023.

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Abstract We describe a 36-year-old woman with a thoracic vertebral osteochondroma who presented with radicular leg pain. This benign tumor is uncommon in the vertebral column, and radicular pain is an unusual manifestation of a thoracic spinal lesion. Myelography and computed tomography aided in diagnosis; surgical resection resulted in an excellent clinical response. (Neurosurgery 21: 98-100, 1987)

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Takao, Masato, Mitsuo Ochi, Kohei Naito, Atsushi Iwata, Yuji Uchio, Kazunori Oae, Taisuke Kono, and Kenzo Kawasaki. "Computed Tomographic Evaluation of the Position of the Leg for Mortise Radiographs." Foot & Ankle International 22, no. 10 (October 2001): 828–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107110070102201009.

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We investigated the most advantageous internal rotation angle of the leg for mortise radiographs. One hundred and twenty-eight feet of 64 healthy volunteers with no histories of ankle or foot pathology (72 feet of 36 males, 56 feet of 28 females) were examined. The subjects had an average age of 29 years (range, 19 to 51 years), average height of 167 cm (range, 157 to 181 cm), and average foot length of 25 cm (range, 23 to 27 cm). We obtained a plain axial view at the level of the central patella and 5 mm proximal to the tibial plafond using computed tomography, and investigated the inclination angle of the distal tibiofibular joint to a horizontal plane, regarding it as a mortise angle. The mean mortise angle was 19.1 + 5.0°. However, two peaks were observed at around 15° and 20°. This indicated that the mean mortise angle of the males was 21.2 + 4.6°, and the mean mortise angle of the females was 16.4 + 4.1°, with a significant difference between the males and the females' mortise angle (P < 0.0001). There was no correlation between the mortise angle and the height (P = 0.899 in the males, and P = 0.871 in the females), nor between the mortise angle and the foot length (P = 0.359 in the males, and P = 0.512 in the females). Therefore, we concluded that the internal rotation angle of the leg for mortise radiography should be generally set up at about 20° on males and 15° on females.

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Alkhodari, Mohanad, Amer Zakaria, and Nasser Qaddoumi. "Monitoring Bone Density Using Microwave Tomography of Human Legs: A Numerical Feasibility Study." Sensors 21, no. 21 (October 26, 2021): 7078. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21217078.

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A major cause of bone mass loss worldwide is osteoporosis. X-ray is considered to be the gold-standard technique to diagnose this disease. However, there is currently a need for an alternative modality due to the ionizing radiations used in X-rays. In this vein, we conducted a numerical study herein to investigate the feasibility of using microwave tomography (MWT) to detect bone density variations that are correlated to variations in the complex relative permittivity within the reconstructed images. This study was performed using an in-house finite-element method contrast source inversion algorithm (FEM-CSI). Three anatomically-realistic human leg models based on magnetic resonance imaging reconstructions were created. Each model represents a leg with a distinct fat layer thickness; thus, the three models are for legs with thin, medium, and thick fat layers. In addition to using conventional matching media in the numerical study, the use of commercially available and cheap ultrasound gel was evaluated prior to bone image analysis. The inversion algorithm successfully localized bones in the thin and medium fat scenarios. In addition, bone volume variations were found to be inversely proportional to their relative permittivity in the reconstructed images with the root mean square error as low as 2.54. The observations found in this study suggest MWT as a promising bone imaging modality owing to its safe and non-ionizing radiations used in imaging objects with high quality.

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Nielsen, Catharina Vind, Line Underbjerg, Diana Grove-Laugesen, Tanja Sikjaer, and Lars Rejnmark. "Lower Leg Arterial Calcifications Assessed by High-Resolution Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography in Hypoparathyroid and Pseudohypoparathyroid Patients." Calcified Tissue International 108, no. 6 (February 12, 2021): 775–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00223-021-00814-7.

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Ito, Ikuno, Kimiteru Ito, and Naoko Shindo. "Left Leg Apraxia after Anterior Cerebral Artery Territory Infarction: Functional Analysis Using Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography." European Neurology 69, no. 4 (2013): 252–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000342222.

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Set, P. A. K., K. A. Miles, J. R. Jenner, and E. Morris. "Demonstration of popliteal artery entrapment on leg muscle scintigraphy with 99mTc MIBI and single photon emission tomography." Clinical Radiology 50, no. 6 (June 1995): 404–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0009-9260(05)83139-3.

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Kitada, Makoto, Nobuo Nakamura, Daiki Iwana, Akihiro Kakimoto, Takashi Nishii, and Nobuhiko Sugano. "Evaluation of the Accuracy of Computed Tomography–Based Navigation for Femoral Stem Orientation and Leg Length Discrepancy." Journal of Arthroplasty 26, no. 5 (August 2011): 674–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arth.2010.08.001.

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Romanowski, C. A. J., A. C. Underwood, and A. Sprigg. "Reduction of radiation doses in leg lengthening procedures by means of audit and computed tomography scanogram techniques." British Journal of Radiology 67, no. 803 (November 1994): 1103–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/0007-1285-67-803-1103.

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Blondon, Marc. "Screening for Cancer in Patients with Acute Venous Thromboembolic Disease." Hämostaseologie 41, no. 01 (February 2021): 042–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1339-7328.

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AbstractActive cancer causes approximately 25% of all acute events of venous thromboembolism (VTE). While most of the cancer diagnoses are known or clinically apparent at the time of VTE, care providers and patients may be worried about the 3 to 8% risk of occult cancer occurring in the year after VTE. Several studies have compared limited to extensive cancer screening after acute VTE, especially with the addition of abdominal computed tomography (CT) or whole-body PET-CT, with the hope to shorten the time to cancer diagnosis and lead to less advanced cancer stages. These studies have not shown improved clinical outcomes with an extensive screening, and have led to current recommendations of limited screening for cancer in patients with acute VTE, including unprovoked cases. Several risk assessment models have been developed to identify patients at greatest risk of occult cancer, however, with low discriminative performances and no current clinical usefulness. Some clinical situations may empirically deserve a more thorough cancer screening, such as unprovoked upper extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT), bilateral leg DVT, descending leg DVT, or recurrent VTE during anticoagulation.

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