Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'LED hybride'
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Wang, Shenming. "Design and synthesis of organic luminescent materials with a 2,2′-bipyrimidine scaffold for hybrid LED lighting." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024IPPAX016.
Full textOrganic luminescent materials possess a lot advantages over the inorganic analogues. By carefully designing, they can exhibit efficiency fluorescence in visible area with tunable emission color and strong absorption in near-UV and blue region. Due to this, they can be made in thin films for light-weight optoelectronic devices. They can be highly soluble in organic solvent which provide the possibility for the solution-processing techniques, such as spin-coating and slot-die coating. They are metal-free, which is desired for the sustainable development. In this case, the organic luminescent compound could be a promising alternative to the inorganic phosphor utilized in commercial white LEDs for the improvements of the light quality.In this work, we are aiming at designing and synthesizing greatly efficient organic luminescent materials for down-converting the near-UV or blue light from the light-emitting diodes (LEDs) based on inorganic semiconductors into visible light, ideally white light. Therefore, the target application is called hybrid LEDs. The frequently employed molecular design strategies include: (1) the donor-acceptor (D-A) approach, which can adjust the bandgap in order to tune the absorption wavelength and emission color; (2) aggregation-induced emission (AIE) is introduced for avoiding the significant quenching of the emission in solid state which is owing to the aggregates.Herein, we designed and synthesized a series of D-A molecules M1-M7 implementing new acceptors, 2,2′-bipyrimidine derivatives, as building block. They were purified and taken to the photophysical investigations in both diluted solutions and solid state. They showed tunable emission color, strong fluorescence and absorption, more importantly, high conversion rate from near -UV external source to visible light. We also inspected their photostabilities to estimate their lifespans. In the end, the blenders of different emitters are made for generating white light
Djaballah, Adel. "Calcul par analyse intervalle de certificats de barrière pour les systèmes dynamiques hybrides." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS195/document.
Full textThis thesis addresses the problem of proving the safety of systems described by non-linear dynamical models and hybrid dynamical models. A system is said to be safe if all trajectories of its state do not reach an unsafe region. Proving the safety of systems by explicitly computing all its trajectories when its dynamic is non-linear or when its behavior is described by an hybrid model with non-linear dynamics remains a challenging task. This thesis considers the barrier function approach to prove the safety of a system. A barrier function, when it exists, partitions the state space and isolates the trajectories of the system starting from any possible initial values of the state and the unsafe part of the state space. The set of constraints, which have to be satisfied by a barrier function are usually non-convex, rendering the search of satisfying barrier functions hard. Previously, only polynomial barrier functions were taken in consideration and for systems with polynomial dynamics. This thesis considers relatively general dynamical systems with generic non-linear barrier functions. The solutions presented are based on template barrier functions, constraint satisfaction problems, and interval analysis. The first part of the thesis focuses on non-linear dynamical systems. The barrier function design problem is formulated as a constraint satisfaction problem that can be solved using tools from interval analysis. This formulation allows one to prove the safety of a non-linear dynamical system by finding the parameters of a template barrier function such that all constraints are satisfied using the FPS-CSC algorithm, which has been adapted and supplemented with contractors to improve its efficiency. The second part of the thesis is dedicated to the design of barrier functions for systems described by hybrid dynamical models. Safety properties have to be proven during the continuous-time evolution of the system, but also during transitions. This leads to additional constraints that have to be satisfied by candidate barrier functions. Solving all the constraints simultaneously to find all the barrier functions is usually computationally intractable. In the proposed approach, the algorithm explores all the locations sequentially. Transition constraints are introduced progressively between the already explored locations. Backtracking to previous location is considered when transition constraints are not satisfied. The efficiency of the proposed approaches has been compared with state-of-the-art solutions
Lin, Qiqiao. "Luminescent hybrid materials for LED lighting." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLX036.
Full textThis thesis aimed at designing and synthesizing organic-inorganic hybrid materials with controlled luminescence and at investigating them as phosphors for LED lighting. The final goal was to obtain a white source of light. Indeed, commercial white LEDs are made up of a blue emitting device covered with a yellow phosphor. Combining these two colors yields white light. However, this light is not of good quality as it lacks some red component. This results in a bad rendering of the colors of objects illuminated by these sources of light. In our work, conjugated polymers with different emission colors have successfully been obtained. In particular, several single white emitters have been isolated.In this PhD thesis, not only the synthetic procedures and chemical characterizations are presented in detail, but also the studies of the photophysical properties of the polymers, either in solution or in the solid state. Solid state studies were performed on the bulk polymers and on the polymers dispersed into a polymeric matrix. These studies have lead to identify the limiting factors that could hamper the use of the materials. Solutions have been proposed to improve the materials performance and stability. Furthermore, 2,2’-bipyrimidine has been introduced as a new synthon for designing and developing conjugated polymers
Hadj, Amor Hassen Jawhar. "Contribution au prototypage virtuel de systèmes mécatroniques basé sur une architecture distribuée HLA. Expérimentation sous les environnements OpenModelica-OpenMASK." Toulon, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00437932/fr/.
Full textMechatronics is the integration of different sciences and techniques of mechanical engineering, automation, electonics and informatics. The rapid evolution of the market competitors requires the reduction of development time of a product while increasing the quality and performance. It is therefore necessary to increase the effectiveness of the design process. To meet this need, in addition to the tools of analysis, simulation and especially virtual prototyping has become a key technology. It is difficult to find simulation tools capable of analyzing multi-dependent systems of different areas. However, an environment that allows a simulation integrating multidisciplinary mechatronic systems is necessary. This article describes a method of design and simulation of mechatronic systems. It identifies the first model of behaviour and the associated 3D geometric model. Then, the model of behaviour is seen as a dynamic hybrid system of two coupled hybrid automata (Operative part, Control part). We then present simulators OpenMASK, Openmodelica, the IEEE1516 standard HLA and work related to the architecture of distributed simulation. In a top-down, then we present our approach and testing to integrate the features of HLA in these simulators, to distribute the high level modelling elements of mechatronic systems and finally to complement Modelica with the formalism of hybrid automata which is essential in this work. We offer extensions to integrate real-time for interactive simulations. Finally we apply this approach on simulators cited using the HLA CERTI bus in a Linux environment through a representative example of a mechatronic system
Tran, Kelly. "Hybride associant polymère biosourcé et un système renforçant les propriétés de tenues au feu : analyse de la morphologie des mélanges et de leur structure pour l'optimisation des propriétés fonctionnelles." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LYSES017.
Full textThe objective of this research is to develop a biopolymer / geopolymer hybrid material with good fire resistance and reaction properties, obtained by a continuous extrusion process. For, it was necessary to carry out a rheokinetic study in order to better understand the geopolymerization reaction and thus to avoid the risks of crosslinking in the twin screw extruder. The principle of reaction time - temperature superposition was developed in order to predict both the setting time as well as the moduli of the geopolymer paste during the reaction. The Takayanagi parallel series model was also used to describe the evolution of the network structure during geopolymer formation. This study highlights a process allowing to combine both the processing of the thermoplastic hybrid material based on thermoplastic starch (TPS) and the generation of geopolymer in situ of a twin-screw extruder. This thesis led to the development of a new hybrid material exhibiting improved fire resistance properties either in terms of the heat release rate or the retardation of the ignition of the material. The presence of geopolymer within the TPS matrix allows the formation of a calcination residue with an alveolar, expanded and cohesive structure that can act as a physical barrier to the heat diffusion
Youssef, Abdul-Munhem. "Nouvelles technologies de protections contre les radiations et de contrôle thermique intégrées dans les circuits hybrides embarqués : application aux circuits préemplificateurs hybrides de l'expérience STAFF du projet CLUSTER de l'Agence spatiale européenne, ESA." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ECAP0223.
Full textVerrière, Jonas. "ZDES simulations of propulsive jets : physical analysis and influence of upstream turbulence." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066499/document.
Full textIn this thesis, the ZDES method is assessed for the simulation of propulsive jets. This work focuses on the shock-cell positioning and the mixing layer development of a dual-stream nozzle configuration with an external plug, typical of modern aircraft engines. Reynolds averaged data are discussed in terms of mean and fluctuating quantities as well as in the frequency domain and compared with experimental data. First, the advantage of using a low dissipative spatial scheme as well as a subgrid length scale based on the local vorticity is demonstrated, especially for the development of the core mixing layer. Besides, the "automatic" mode of ZDES (mode 2) is found to provide similar mixing layers as the user defined mode.Then, the use of the Random Flow Generation (RFG) technique at the inlet boundaries of the core and fan channels in order to reproduce the turbulence rate at the center of the nozzle ducts is shown to accelerate the RANS-to-LES transition in both external and internal mixing layers, which is in better agreement with the experimental results. The transition length is further reduced when the injected turbulent ratio is higher, but also when the injected turbulent length scale is smaller. Of interest, the shock-cell positioning in the fan jet is also improved using RFG, which emphasizes the importance of accounting for upstream turbulence for this type of simulations
Pasco, Hélène. "When 19th century painters prepared organic-inorganic hybrid gels : physico-chemical study of « gumtions »." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2019SORUS296.pdf.
Full textMediums were used by painters in order to modify the texture and drying properties of their paint. During the 19th century, British artists developed a particular medium made of siccative oil, mastic resin and lead acetate trihydrate. The so-called “gumtions” form gel-like materials in a relatively short time, outperforming the existing paint media. This thesis contributes unveiling the chemical processes involved in the formation and ageing of gumtions. As a first step, we focused on mastic resin since it is a key component for the preparation of gumtion. The triterpenic fraction of the resin was identified and quantified using GC and GC/MS. Moreover, we took advantage of Spectroscopic Ellipsometry so as to study the optical properties of varnish thin films as well as their behaviour (swelling) under various atmospheres. Then, we reproduced historical recipes that helped us afterwards to define simplified formulations to deepen the understanding of the chemical interactions between the gel components, made of oleanolic acid (commercial triterpenoid) and a lead compound (acetate or oxide). They were investigated at dierent scales by spectroscopic (FTIR, MASNMR) and supramolecular analyses (Cryo-TEM, SAXS). The use of these complementary techniques gives an overview of the gel’s structure and formation: rapidly, a coordination complex is formed between lead and the carboxylic acid moieties of the triterpenoids, that organizeinto2Dobjectsleadingtothesolid-likebehaviorofthematerial. After few months ageing, we observed the self-assembly of crystalline nanoparticles into lamellar structures, witnessing the dynamic occurring in the material even after gelation.bly of crystalline nanoparticles into lamellar structures, witnessing the dynamic occurring in the material even after gelation
Wang, Qirong. "Cristallochimie des phases AFm hybrides : interactions entre les hydrates cimentiers lamellaires et les adjuvants organiques." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF22755/document.
Full textTen organic molecules models simulating the chemical functions of superplasticizers used in concretes formulation were intercalated into lamellar cement hydrates to synthesize hybrid AFm phases. The interfaces between the organic and inorganic networks of these hybrid compounds have been studied to characterize the interactions between cementitious hydrates and organic additives in concrete. The affinities of these molecules toward the mineral layers have been compared and display the following tendencies : -PO32- > -SO3- > -CO2- for the hydrophilic parts and C7-R > Φ-R > C5-R > C2-R for the hydrophobic parts. The organic-inorganic interface (connection mode and orientation of the organic molecule) of the hybrid AFm phases was characterized by powder WRD and infrared spectroscopy. Organic molecules are oriented either perpendicular or parallel to the sheets resulting from different connection modes mainly intercalation and also grafting. The various hydration levels of these hybrids hydrates were then determined, and a structural resolution was attempted on AFm inserting C6H5SO3- anion allowing a description of its interlayer structure. Finally, a study on the intercalation of some commercial superplasticizers highlighted the exfoliation phenomenon for these lamellar hydrates.The present study on model molecules leads to a better understanding of the interactions occuring in complex fresh concrete environment
Bellanger, Adrien. "Ordonnancement sur les machines à traitement par batches et contraintes de compatibilité." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine - INPL, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00606383.
Full textGutierrez, Carnelossi Elias Alberto. "Activité d'éléments transposables dans les populations de Drosophila mojavensis et D. arizonae et chez leurs hybrides." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10036.
Full textThe transposable elements (TEs) have an important role in evolution, since they are DNA sequences that have the ability to move into the host genome. We seek to understand the activity of the TEs in crosses between Drosophila mojavensis and D. arizonae. The thesis is divided into four chapters. The first presents a detailed analysis of an non- LTR retrotransposon called I, known to cause hybrid dysgenesis in D. melanogaster. Putatively active sequences similar to the I element were identified and characterized in the genome of D. mojavensis. The performed phylogenetic analyzes showed that the I sequences in D. mojavensis and those harbored by other Drosophila species belong to different I families. Expression analyses by RTq-PCR showed that this element is transcriptionally active in ovaries and testes of both species and their hybrids, and have high expression in the testes, but not in the hybrids ovaries, which could be associated with the male hybrid sterility phenotype. In the second chapter are presented analyses of expressed TEs in the ovaries of two parental strains and their hybrids by RNA-Seq. The results show species-specific expression of TEs in the parents and hybrids; and, in an unprecedented manner, that TEs are generally regulated in hybrids regarding with their parents, although some of them are overexpressed. In the third chapter are presented results of expression of four retrotransposons (Helena , I, Copia and Osvaldo) quantified by RTq-PCR; and finally, in the last chapter, we presented estimates of the genome size ( C - value), in both parental species and reciprocal hybrids. Overall, this thesis reveal a scenario of expression of specific TEs in D. mojavensis and D. arizonae, and its regulation in hybrids with rare exceptions, which can help us to understand the complexity of the dynamics and action of these mobile elements in the speciation process of different species
Védrine-Bochard, Valérie. "Étude des interactions entre Int6 et les protéines cellulaires." Lyon, École normale supérieure (sciences), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ENSL0197.
Full textThe int6 gene was originally identified as a frequent site of integration of the MMTV provirus in preneoplastic and neoplastic mammary lesions. The human cDNA encoding Int6 was independently isolated in a two-hybrid screen for cellular proteins interacting with the Tax oncoprotein of HTLV-1. Finally, the Int6 protein was shown to correspond to a subunit of purified eIF3 translation initiation factor. Its presence in eIF3 has been established in the following organisms : rabbit, S. Pombe et A. Thaliana. In A. Thaliana Int6 has also been shown to associate with the signalosome via binding to the CSN7 subunit of this complex. A two-hybrid screen performed with the Int6 protein as bait showed that it binds the Ret finger protein (Rfp) which interacts with PML and localises with a subset of PML nucear bodies. Int6 and Rfp are co-localised in certain PML nuclear bodies in lymphocytes. Another clones were interesting with respect to recent publications indicating interactions between eIF3, signalosome and proteasome complexes : CSN3, a subunit of signalosome, and Rpt4, a subunit of 19D proteasome. Finally, the two-hybrid screen showed that Int6 binds to MCM7, a component of MCM complex. Analysis of this interaction indicated that it intervenes between normal endogenous proteins in primary cells. Experiments with synchronised cells established that Int6 binds MCM7 in a cell cycle dependent manner during mitosis and G1. The Int6 protein also exists in Xenopus. Its association with the MCM complex was observed only with metaphase-arrested egg extract but not interphase extract. In vitro DNA replication assays using the Xenopus system showed that addition of purified In-6 has an inhibitory effect. These results suggest that Int6 regulates the activity of the MCM complex through an interaction with its MCM7 subunit. They also support a possible link between oncogenesis and the control of the licensing activity
Maire, Sarah. "Cohabitation de logiques institutionnelles au sein d’une organisation hybride : une approche par les représentations textuelles et visuelles." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0135.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to bring new insights on the identification and cohabitation of institutional logics in a hybrid organization. The question of the identification of logics is the main concern to then be able to understand the inner workings of logics, their relationships and implications in hybrid organisations, under the influence from a plurality of logics. By taking into account both textual and visual data, we contribute to consider the information contained in these data, as their role in the diffusion of logics. To support the cohabitation of logics, hybrid organizations use texts and visuals in different support. Focused on a case study, the organisation of Scouts and Guides of France, we develop several content analyses, qualitative and quantitative, textual and visual, to capture logics and understand their relationships
Plouchart, Julien. "Les enjeux du conflit russo-ukrainien (2003-2023) : d'une confrontation régionale à un affrontement globalisé." Electronic Thesis or Diss., CY Cergy Paris Université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023CYUN1276.
Full textI want to study the different aspects of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict between 2003 and 2023. The main goal of this PhD Thesis is to understand the importance and the complexity of this confrontation at the same time local, national, continental and global. The first part is devoted to the geopolitical dimension of the Russian-Ukrainian confrontation. International relations theories are taken into account as explanatory models of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict. The processes of alliance and integration are taken into account as factors of tension. The question of the possible regulation of the conflict is posed. The second part highlights the strategic dimension of the Russian-Ukrainian confrontation. Concepts and activities, armaments and technologies are studied in order to understand the evolution of the armed conflict. The third part presents the economic component of the Russian-Ukrainian confrontation. The control of ressources in the areas of energy and agriculture, the practice of bilateral trade wars and the content of economic sanctions are the three elements of this economic war. The fourth part concerns the human factor in the Russian-Ukrainian conflict. The attitudes of specific groups such as the Ukrainian diaspora, pro-Russian separatists and battalions of volunteers are questioned. People's attitudes towards the conflict are highlighted. The fifth part is devoted to the dimnesion of the identity. This part puts forward the weaponization of culture (language, history, memory, religion) for conflicting purposes. The sixth part aims to study the informational aspect of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict. The different communication strategies are exposed. Many types of media are used by every actor. The Russian-Ukrainian confrontation leads both to a war of ruptures and to a globalized conflict. The uncertainty and variability of this enduring conflict may explain the difficulty of a lasting solution
Lucien, Laurent. "Contribution à une modélisation globale de la collaboration dans les systèmes multi-agents : Application aux entités mobiles intelligentes." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCD039/document.
Full textWe live today in an increasingly complex and interconnected world where many entities, increasingly intelligent, generate a multitude of interactions that can contribute to enrich their capabilities.We are interested in collaboration that will enable complex tasks to be performed by these machines of today and tomorrow by stimulating these structured interactions and integrating intelligent decision-making processes. In this way, it will contribute to improve their functioning and will be able to participate in their improvement (better knowledge of their environment, speed of action and decision-making, provision of new skills).The main objective of the thesis is therefore to contribute to the understanding of what collaboration is, from its definition to its implementation, by highlighting its underlying concepts. We propose a method of analysis (needs and constraints) and a collaborative agent architecture model (HACCA) to integrate all the characteristics of the collaborative processes that we present. We are also showing a first implementation in the GAMA multi-agent platform.As part of this study, we are interested in two cases of application of mobile entities: drones and connected vehicles.Thus we also contribute more to the autonomy needs and decision-making process of drones, connected and autonomous vehicles of the future, in a constrained temporal context where the quality of interactions is essential to optimize the process of achieving objectives
Léonard, Thomas. "Étude des approches de modélisation de la turbulence pour la simulation numérique d’un compresseur centrifuge à fort taux de pression." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ESAE0029/document.
Full textThis study aims to assess the abilities of existing numerical simulation methods to predict the complex physical phenomena occurring in an industrial centrifugal compressor and especialy the effect of turbulence on the different flow features. RANS simulations are first performed using various turbulence model, then LES simulations and finally, two simulations using RANS/LES hybrid models of DES type are carried out. The whole compressor operating range is simulated using RANS, but because of LES and DES high computational costs, attention is focussed on the nominal operating point. Particular care is devoted to determine the impact of grid refinement on the simulation results. To this end, simulations are performed on three grids, respectively composed of over 8, 26 and 165 million cells. Even though the grids used do not fulfill the mesh refinement criteria recommended in the litterature for an accurate wall-resolved LES simulation, the simulation performed on the denser grid provides interesting conclusions on the turbulence generation and its interaction with the mean flow.The hybrid DES approches used involve a shield function to prevent the boundary layers to be computed in LES. However, this function is found to be unsuited to this centrifugal compressor flow. Indeed, the RANS and LES regions are not correctly located and most of the tip leakage flow is resolved using a RANS approach, preventing the development of turbulence.This work allowed us to evalute the various approches and highlight some of the problems and advantages of each for the simulation of this centrifugal compressor
Nahhal, Tarik. "Test des Systèmes hybrides." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00320984.
Full textNous proposons dans cette thèse une méthodologie formelle pour le test de conformité des systèmes hybrides, qui est définie selon la norme internationale pour le test formel de conformité (FMCT). Ensuite, nous abordons le problème de la définition de mesures de couverture de test. Pour cela, deux mesures de couverture sont proposées, qui sont non seulement utiles comme critère pour évaluer la qualité de test mais peuvent être aussi employées pour guider la génération de test vers une meilleur couverture. Des algorithmes de génération de test guidés par les mesures de couverture sont proposés. Ces algorithmes sont basés sur une combinaison des algorithmes de planification de trajectoires dans la robotique, de la théorie d'équidistribution, de la géométrie algorithmique et de la simulation numérique. L'outil HTG (Hybrid test generation) pour la génération de cas de test pour les systèmes hybrides implémente ces algorithmes, et a été appliqué avec succès pour traiter plusieurs études de cas provenant de différentes domaines (circuits analogiques et mixtes, systèmes de commande, etc.).
Etienne, Lucien. "Eléments d'observation et d'estimation pour les systèmes contrôlés en réseaux." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CERG0853/document.
Full textNetwork control systems is an active field of study where interacting component spatially distributed try to achieve a global goal. They naturally emerge from the interaction of computer driven mechanism and the physical world.Along with network control system a related class of systems is described by the so called: Cyber-physical systems, where integrated physical computational capabilities can interact.In this work we will consider the classical task of observation and estimation and investigate cases where network induced constraint calls for adapted observation and estimation scheme.In control system due to limitation in sensors ( for practical reason such as cost reduction) all the value of interest (whether the some unmeasured state or unknown parameter)are unknown. The classical notion of observabilityaccount for the ability to deduce from measurement those value of interest.First sampling reduction by use of event trigger will be studied for several class of systems. Then an estimation and control scheme will be establish to solve the problem of consensus in a multi agents system.Finally considering a more complex vehicle dynamic we focus on the estimation of tire road friction coefficient to solve a tracking problem
Ali, Awab A. "A HYBRID FLYBACK LED DRIVER WITH UTILITY GRID AND SOLAR PV INTERFACE." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1515757861095375.
Full textAfailal, Al Hassan. "Numerical simulation of non-reactive aerodynamics in Internal Combustion Engines using a hybrid RANS/LES approach." Thesis, Pau, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PAUU3028.
Full textInternal aerodynamics is a key element for improving the combustion efficiency in Spark-Ignition (SI) engines. Within this context, CFD tools are increasingly used to investigate in-cylinder flows and to support the design of fuel-efficient engines. The present research aimed at extending and validating a non-zonal hybrid Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes / Temporal Large-Eddy Simulation (HTLES) approach, initially formulated for stationary flows, to cyclic SI engine flows with moving walls. The aim was to model the near-wall regions and coarse mesh regions in RANS, while solving the turbulent scales in core regions with sufficient mesh resolution using temporal LES, in a seamless approach with no a priori user input. HTLES was retained as it proposed a consistent hybridization combining time-averaging in RANS regions with temporal filtering in TLES.A first development consisted in implementing a smooth shielding function that enforces the RANS mode in near-wall regions, regardless of the local temporal and spatial resolution. The extension of HTLES to cyclic flows was then achieved via the formulation of a method allowing approximating the phase averages of resolved flow quantities based on an Exponentially Weighted Average (EWA). A dynamic expression for the width of the weighted average was proposed, in order to ensure that the high frequency turbulent fluctuations be filtered out from the resolved quantities, while keeping the low frequency cyclic components of the flow variables. The resulting EWA-HTLES model was implemented in the commercial CONVERGE CFD code. The developed EWA-HTLES model was first applied to the simulation of two steady flow configurations: a minimal turbulent channel and a steady flow rig. Predictions were confronted with reference data, as well as with those from RANS and LES. All simulations relied on the use of standard wall laws and coarse grids at walls. Imposing the RANS mode at walls yielded EWA-HTLES predictions of pressure losses much closer to DNS and experimental findings than with LES. At the same time, it allowed yielding results in terms of mean and RMS velocities s in the core regions of the same quality than LES, and superior to RANS.Finally, EWA-HTLES was applied to the simulation of two cyclic flows representative of SI engines: the compressed tumble and the Darmstadt single-cylinder pentroof 4valve engine. For each configuration, a total number of 40 consecutive cycles were simulated. The results were confronted to PIV data, and to RANS and LES predictions obtained using the same numerical set-up. It was shown that EWA-HTLES successfully drives the RANS-to-LES transition in such complex configurations exhibiting unsteady flow features and important cyclic geometrical deformations. It switched from the RANS mode at the walls to LES in the core region of the cylinder, allowing a better prediction of unsteady phenomena including the evolution of the overall tumble characteristics and phenomena associated to cyclic variability. The EWA-HTLES results were shown to be comparable to those predicted by LES, and superior to RANS.The performed developments and obtained results open encouraging perspectives for the application of this hybrid RANS/LES method in industrial configurations involving non-stationary conditions and in particular moving boundaries
Servel, Clément. "Potentialités de la pervaporation dans les procédés hybrides de séparation." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0234/document.
Full textThe potential economical interest of using pervaporation, a membrane separation process, in hybrid processes (with separation or reaction unit) has been investigated. The main objective is to determine benefits and limitations of its use for an industrial application. The determination of the interest is predicted by simulation which requires a good understanding and a good representation of the elementary phenomenon of mass transfer and thermodynamic. A multilevel pervaporation modelling is developed, which takes into account the system variability (membranes and compounds) and allows choosing the number of fitted parameters according to the available experimental data. Two different industrial applications are studied. First, the recuperation of butanol from a fermentation medium is exposed. This case study has shown the gain on fermentation productivity when pervaporation, equipped with hydrophobic membrane, is used in direct coupling with fermenter. Next, the dehydration of acetic acid is studied with the aim of reduction the energy consumption of the conventional process. The configuration which has been selected involves a distillation column followed by a pervaporation module, equipped with a hydrophilic membrane. Performances of four membranes have been experimentally determined by for this application. Finally, a simulation methodology is developed, which can be applied to determine the membrane performances that need to be achieved to replace conventional processes with a hybrid process while respecting industrial specifications
Dabonot, Aurore. "Nouveaux matériaux pour les supercondensateurs : développement et caractérisation." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENI092/document.
Full textThis work deals with the study of electrode materials for supercapacitors. These storage devices have a significant power density of several kW/kg. Asymmetric systems have been developed in order to increase the energy density of these components while trying to maintain a high power density. They consist of a classic capacitive electrode made of activated carbon and a faradaic electrode. Two approaches have been broached regarding that non-blocking electrode: • Mainly, the use of lithium titanate Li4Ti5O12 which is a lithium insertion material usually used in Li-ion battery electrodes. It appeared that for hybrid systems including a negative electrode only made of Li4Ti5O12, the energy density is greatly reduced beyond 1 kW/kg. The use of composite negative electrodes made of activated carbon and Li4Ti5O12 is recommended so as to maintain good performances both in energy and power. Thus, for a power density of 2 kW/kg, the energy density of the developed hybrid system remains 1.5 superior to the one of an activated carbon / activated carbon symmetric system tested in the same conditions. • Secondly, the use of manganese dioxide MnO2, a pseudo-capacitive material involving redox reactions. The study has been focused on the synthesis of the metal oxide and then on the synthesis of a composite material by self-assembly. The aim is to aggregate small manganese dioxide particles around a carbon backbone. Such a microstructure offers a high specific surface area of active material directly in contact with a network having a good electronic conductivity. The obtained MnO2 + VGCF composite material has been tested as positive electrode in an asymmetric system, facing an activated carbon electrode. Thus, the stability window of the aqueous electrolyte has been multiplied by 1.5 compared to an activated carbon / activated carbon system. Finally, diamond has been considered as a supercapacitor electrode material in an explorative view since it offers a wide electrochemical stability window in water (around 3 V). The interest for tridimensional structures has been evidenced, e.g. a “needles” architecture allows to obtain a surfacic capacity ten times higher than the one obtained with a flat architecture
Najafi, Masoud Nikoukhah Ramine. "Solveur numérique pour les systèmes algébro-différentiels hybrides The numerical solver for the simulation of the hybrid dynamical systems /." Créteil : Université de Paris-Val-de-Marne, 2005. http://doxa.scd.univ-paris12.fr:80/theses/th0232529.pdf.
Full textMozaffari, Sajad. "Adaptive Grid Refinement for Hybrid RANS/LES." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ECDN0009.
Full textTaking advantage of the capabilities of RANS and LES models, hybrid RANS/LES models are suitable for the simulation of high Reynolds number flow with complex physical phenomena and geometries. However, due to the dependency of the behavior of these models on the local grid size, the generation of mesh with the right resolution is crucial. For a complex hybrid RANS/LES simulation, the mesh generation is a time- and effort-consuming step. An adaptive refinement process is an attractive alternative, but requires the consideration of mesh change effects on the performance of the model. This thesis focuses on the development of adaptive grid refinement based on averaging and its integration in the ISISCFD flow solver. The aim is to obtain an adapted mesh whichhasagenerallystatictopologybasedonthemainflow features. First, the dependency of hybrid RANS/LES models on the mesh changes and the effect of a refinement interface on the turbulence production and destruction are considered. Then, time-averaging of the instantaneous solutions over various intervals is carried out to filter the flow fluctuations in the mean solution based on the frequencies of the flow features. A refinement procedure is then developed based on two averaging strategies over instantaneous refinement criteria: the sliding window averaging, and the averaging over the whole computational time. The proposed adaptation process is assessed by performing a DDES-based simulation of a ship in drift in order to reproduce the solution on a reference fine mesh. The average-based adaptation successfully follows the main flow features and creates stable refined grids around the main vortices. Thus, the adaptive approach can be an alternative for the manual mesh generation process of hybrid RANS/LES simulations, especially with complex geometries
Bergeault, Karine. "Identification de deux gènes NPR1chez les VITACEAE, analyse de leur diversité de séquences et interactions avec les facteurs de transcription VvTGA." Phd thesis, Université de Haute Alsace - Mulhouse, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00769928.
Full textJannot, Marion. "Polymères nanocomposites multifonctionnels. Impact sur les propriétés mécaniques de polymères à mémoire de forme." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2018SORUS549.pdf.
Full textThese works based on the developments of polymer nanocomposites illustrate the possibility of creating shape memory hybrid materials from a semi-crystalline thermoplastic elastomer copolymer, the poly(ethylene – vinyl acetate). Amongst the different approaches which exist to obtain thermo-responsive shape memory polymers, we chose to elaborate chemically crosslinked networks in attendance of an inorganic component as silicon oxo-polymer or titanium oxo-polymer. Tensile test showed that hybrid materials with titanium oxo-polymer provide an important reinforcement. At room temperature and at 100 °C, the elastic modulus of the material increase more than 3.8 times and 57 times in comparison to organic reference material crosslinked by peroxides. As the reference material, all nanocomposites display shape memory properties under appropriate conditions of time, stress and temperature. With titanium oxo-polymer, the dynamic iono-covalent nature of the hybrid interface bring news properties. Thermadapt nanocomposite materials are obtained. The use of an organic – inorganic hybrid material enable by tuning nanostructuration and nature of the hybrid interface to obtain multifunctional materials with shape memory properties, reprocessability, recyclability and thermally induced healing properties
El, Amri Dhouha. "Rôle de l'affordance dans la catégorisation, l'évaluation et l'adoption des nouveaux produits hybrides communicants par les consommateurs." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST0048.
Full textGiven the inherent particularities to the hybrid nature of new communicating products, ensuring that the boundaries between their categories of belonging become blurred and making their allocation to a well-defined category difficult, the classical similarity-based theories of categorization does not seem sufficient to clearly determine the categorization of this kind of product. Therefore, we mobilise affordance concept to help us understand the processes of categorization, evaluation and adoption of new hybrid products (NHP) by consumers. Through a triple theoretical lighting and a dyadic qualitative research (with consumers and experts in design), our doctoral research confirms the central role of affordances in categorizing communicating NHP. Affordance is also involved in their evaluation and adoption by consumers. Our research is of interest not only for manufacturers, to highlight design affordances of communicating NHP in order to anchor the product in either one of its categories of belonging or in the other (theoretically the most profitable), or even in a new category ; but also for retailers in their SEO strategy to understand into which category they should place communicating NHP
Messineo, Jérôme. "Modélisation des instabilités hydrodynamiques dans les moteurs-fusées hybrides." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ESAE0025/document.
Full textHybrid rocket motors combine solid and bi-liquid chemical propulsion technologies and associate asolid fuel and a liquid oxidizer in its classical configuration. This architecture offers several advantagesover liquid propulsion such as lower costs and a simplified architecture. The possibility of performingmultiple extinctions and re-ignitions and a good theoretical specific impulse is also an improvement inregard to solid propulsion. Hybrid engines also have improved safety and a lower environmental impactthan other chemical propulsion systems. As in all combustion chambers, hybrid engines suffer from pressure oscillations under specific operating conditions. These instabilities provoke thrust fluctuations that can damage the launcher and payloads.Various phenomena can induce the pressure oscillations observed in hybrid rocket engines.The objective of this thesis is to propose a model of hydrodynamics instabilities that appear in hybridengines. A new exploitation of the database available at ONERA, and unsteady 2D and 3D numericalsimulations were used for the modeling. The instabilities are provoked by the periodic formation ofvortices in the combustion chamber that generate pressure fluctuations when passing through the nozzlethroat. The originality of the model, which is based on the classical theory of vortices generation ina cavity, consists in taking into account the geometrical variations of the combustion chamber duringoperation. These variations have an effect on the flow velocity, on the recirculation area in the postchamberand on the vortices. Finally, several new firing tests of the hybrid engine HYCOM have beenperformed and compared to the model developed in this thesis
Zabloudil, Ondřej. "Efekt přítlaku vyvozovaného na elektrodový systém olověného akumulátoru s experimentálními elektrodami." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-220970.
Full textXun, Qianqiu. "A novel dynamic forcing scheme incorporating backscatter for hybrid RANS/LES." AIP Publishing, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/31015.
Full textFebruary 2016
Nahhal, Tarik. "Test des Systèmes hybrides." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE10182.
Full textHybrid systems, that is, systems exhibiting both continuous and discrete dynamics, have proven to be a useful mathematical model for various physical phenomena and engineering systems. Much effort has been devoted to the development of automatic analysis methods for such systems based on formal verification. Nevertheless, the applicability of these methods is still limited to small size systems due to the complexity of exhaustive analysis. Testing is another validation approach, which can be used for much larger systems and is a standard tool in industry, despite its limitations compared to algorithmic and deductive verification. This thesis is concerned with model-based testing of hybrid systems. We proposed a formal framework for conformance testing of hybrid systems, which is defined according to the international standard for formal conformance testing (FMCT). Besides the main concepts in the formal framework, we addressed the problem of defining test coverage measures. We proposed two novel coverage measures, which not only are useful as a criterion to evaluate testing quality but also can be used to guide the test generation process in order to produce test cases with good coverage. We then developed a number of coverage-guided test generation algorithms for hybrid systems. These algorithms are based on a combination of the ideas from robotic path planning, equidistribution theory, algorithmic geometry, and numerical simulation. The algorithms have been implemented in a test generation tool for hybrid systems, called HTG, which can handle high dimensional systems. The tool has been successfully applied to treat a number of benchmarks in control systems and analog and mixed signal circuits
Kadrnka, Petr. "Zkoumání teplotních změn olověného akumulátoru v režimu hybridních vozidel." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-219489.
Full textBirouche, Abderazik. "Contribution sur la synthèse d'observateurs pour les systèmes dynamiques hybrides." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine - INPL, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00121738.
Full textNous considérons particulièrement considéré les systèmes décrits par un ensemble fini de sous-systèmes linéaires à temps discret et
une loi de commutation. Le sous-système actif et les commutations d'un sous-système à un autre peuvent être définis par une commande externe contrôlable (systèmes à commutation), ou par des transitions autonomes (systèmes affines par morceaux). Sous
l'hypothèse du mode actif à chaque instant, nous montrons que l'association de l'observateur commuté avec une contrainte de
placement de pôles permet de proposer un schéma d'observation à entrée inconnue pour résoudre le problème de la synchronisation
des systèmes à commutation chaotiques avec un message incorporé. Dans le cas de des systèmes affines par morceaux, nous proposons une méthode pour détecter le mode actif. L'association de cette méthode avec l'observateur commuté permet l'estimation conjointe de l'état continu et état discret. Enfin, nous considérons le cas de commutations régies par un RdP. Nous proposons un schéma d'observation utilisant un observateur de RdP et un observateur commuté.
Moussaed, Carine. "Modèles variationnels dynamique et hybride pour la simulation numérique d'écoulements turbulents." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20130/document.
Full textThis work is a contribution to the numerical simulation of turbulent flows with the aim of industrial application. At first, we focus on a new combination "VMS-LES/dynamic procedure" for the simulation of flows around circular and square cylinders. The VMS-LES approach adopted in this work is original in using an averaging procedure over agglomerated finite volumes in order to separate the scales, the dynamic approach being the one introduced by Germano in LES. A RANS/VMS-LES hybrid approach is then evaluated on the circular cylinder test case at high Reynolds numbers. This approach introduces a hybridization parameter which privileges the RANS model or the VMS-LES model according to the grid resolution. Finally, the performance of a two-level Schwarz algorithm, which uses the deflation and balancing methods, are examined in terms of efficiency and scalability in the context of VMS-LES simulations
Friess, Christophe. "Modélisation hybride RANS / LES temporelle des écoulements turbulents." Phd thesis, Université de Poitiers, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00598800.
Full textLemdani, Roza. "Système hybride d'adaptation dans les systèmes de recommandation." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLC050/document.
Full textRecommender systems are tools used to present users with items that might interest them. Such systems use algorithms that rely on the domain application. These algorithms are then executed for each user in order to find the most relevant recommendations for him, without taking into account his specific needs.In this thesis, we define a hybrid recommender system which combines several recommendation algorithms in order to obtain more accurate recommendations. Moreover, the defined approach relies on the structure of the input ontology, which makes the framework reusable, adaptable and domain-independent (music, research papers, films, etc.).We also had an interest in detecting in which kind of recommendations a user responds better in order to adapt the recommendation process to each user category and obtain more targeted recommendations. Finally, our approach can explain each recommendation, which increases the user confidence in the system by proving him that the recommendations are adapted to him. We also allow the user to correct the explanations in order to help the system to get a better understanding of him and avoid non accurate recommendations in the future.Our recommender system has been experimented online with real users and offline by performing a cross-validation on the MovieLens dataset. The results of the experimentation are very satisfying so far
Ospici, Matthieu. "Modèles de programmation et d'exécution pour les architectures parallèles et hybrides. Applications à des codes de simulation pour la physique." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00934266.
Full textBirouche, Abderazik. "Contribution sur la synthèse d'observateurs pour les systèmes dynamiques hybrides." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006INPL086N.
Full textAThe thesis is concerned with the observers synthesis for the hybrid dynamic systems. We particularly consider the systems described by a finite set of discrete-time linear subsystems and a commutation law. The active subsystem and the commutations between the subsystems can be defined by a controllable external command (switched systems), or by the autonomous transitions (piecewise affine linear systems). Under the assumption of the knowledge of the active mode, we show that the association of the switched observer with a pole placement constraint allows to propose observation scheme to solve the synchronization problem of the switched chaotic systems with an embedded message. In the case of piecewise affine systems, we propose a method to detect the active mode. The association of this method with the switched observer allows the joint estimate of the continuous state and discrete state. Finally, we consider the case of commutations governed by a PN. We propose an observation scheme using a PN observer and a switched observer
Kincaid, Smith Julien. "Modification des traits d'histoire de vie au cours de l’hybridation et analyse des mécanismes moléculaires sous- jacents chez les parasites plathelminthes du genre Schistosoma." Thesis, Perpignan, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PERP0028/document.
Full textGlobal changes contribute in modifying species geographical distribution. New interactions between species that have never been in contact before can potentially lead to atypical cases of reproduction, including hybridization. This phenomenon can have strong epidemiological consequences as it can potentially lead to the genesis of hybrid pathogens. The combination of genetic material of distinct species can confer increased capacities to the offspring (hybrid vigor or heterosis), eventually leading to adaptive changes and the emergence of pathogens in non-endemic areas, making them an emerging global threat. This thesis work focuses on schistosomiasis, the second human parasitic disease after malaria and its recent emergence in Europe (Corsica, France). After the identification and genomic characterization of a hybrid parasite between two distinct agents of the disease, S. haematobium in humans and S. bovis in cattle, we conducted an integrative approach to characterize at several scales the invasive capacities and virulence of such parasites. Starting from the field, we set up an experimental evolution protocol aimed at generating first- and second-generation hybrids in the laboratory. We analysed life history trait modifications of these parasites as well as the molecular consequences (genomics and transcriptomics) of this "genomic clash" and we show that hybridization can be a major evolutionary force for parasites
Bellanger, Adrien. "Ordonnancement sur les machines à traitement par batches et contraintes de compatibilité." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPL087N.
Full textThis thesis deals with 2-stages hybrid flowshop scheduling problems with batching machines on the second stage and compatibility constraints. The processing times of tasks are given by intervals and tasks are compatible if they share a same second stage processing time. We developped 6 heuristics with worth-case analysis for the makespan minimization problem. The experimental results show that these heuristics give good schedules with an average gap of 1\% on 200 task instances. For small instances, we presented 2 exact methods, Branch \& Bounds, which solves up to 20 task instances. For the particular case with identical processing times on first stage and uniform processing time intervals we developped a Polynomial Time Approximation Scheme (PTAS). The second part of this thesis deal with scheduling problems on one batching machine with infinite capacity and regular criteria minimization. We developped pseudo-polynomial dynamic programming algorithm for minimization total completion time, maximal lateness and total tardiness. Finally we show the NP-completeness of problems with due dates
Latour, Yasmin. "Interactions sexuelles et compétitives : les moteurs comportementaux de la spéciation adaptative." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20047.
Full textBehavioural interactions between heterospecifics, when two previously isolated populations come into contact, generate new selective pressure on traits involved in those interactions. Particularly, the traits involved in reproductive and competitive interactions evolve due to this selection, and these adaptations can affect the speciation process. Communication plays an important role in the regulation of behavioral interactions, both between and within species. Evolution of species recognition allows behavioral adjustment to the species of the encountered individuals. The empirical studies presented here aimed to test, on a model organism (two house mice subspecies), the role of sexual selection against hybrids, and of male-male interference competition, in the evolution of reproductive isolation. Our results show that sexual selection can act in th hybrid zone between Mus musculus musculus and M. m. domesticus, by reducing hybrid fitness, and by impeding gene flow through the zone. Interference competition however do not seem to be an important driver of the divergence of species-specific signals in the contact zone, and reinforcing selection is probably at the origin of this character displacement. Our results also enlighten asymmetries in homogamous preferences intensity, which could be due to differences in selective pressures depending on sex an subspecies. This dissertation ends on a discussion on interactions between process at play at secondary contact, and on the notion of species recognition
Hanula, Ghislain. "Transformations actuelles des loisirs sportifs : Extension des pratiques adolescentes et apparition d'une offre hybride de loisirs." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX22084.
Full textOur study happened in two stages: a quantitative part was to make a statistical statement about the nature and meaning of participation in leisure sports of a large sample of individuals from the Aix –Marseille’s district. A qualitatively or a statistical approach and ethnographic was made from a leisure activity characteristic of hybrid practices recently appeared in the market sector of leisure: adventure parks. We define hybrid as the practical activities developed by the commercial sector ranging from formal sport and informal sport. Basing their arguments on the sale of seduction of a natural area where domesticated and secure feeling and shared experience are put forward, the sector is experiencing a practical hybrid craze increasingly important. It is clear that the offer in this activity is consistent with the reasons advanced by the sample of athletes surveyed in our quantitative survey. The qualitative survey on the reasons that motivate people to attend practices hybrids confirms the dominant values of sociability and play limits in this recreational sport. Equipped observations and analysis of discourse allows participants to update the supremacy of an experiment combining sensations, challenge and sharing. This research experience with many facets seems at odds with the traditional sports models. These meanings are often more unequivocal, more trenches. Focused primarily on performance, benchmarks may seem Federal sync with what motivates people to engage in physical activity and sports. Thus, in light of our results, it is consistent to find a lower rate of established practice. This decrease is interpreted as a signal of mismatch between supplies of both the research of others. If the most dominant reasons put forward are based on research combining social skills, performance and emotional experience, it is normal to see decline quantitatively the membership structures to offering a single meaning
Sanojca, Elzbieta. "Les compétences collaboratives et leur développement en formation d’adultes : le cas d’une formation hybride." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN20001/document.
Full textThe competences to cooperate/collaborate are amongst the first to be developed in many educational frameworks. Within digitized societies, they promise efficiency, innovation, and well-being at work. However, these competences are not put forward in profesionnal organisations, and they are lacking from adult training courses.Based on this observation, this thesis aims at identifying the competences to be developed to work more easily with others. Bringing light on the abilities to act, convienently called “collaborative competences”, and on the way which they can be developed through training are the objects of this study.Thoroughly analysing the context of a hybrid training is carried out based on the study of the profesionnal trainingcourse “Animacoop: animating a collaborative project” which concerned 200 interns from 2010 to 2014. In this study, collaborative competences are analysed in link with profesionnal experiences and collaborative projects.Falling within an empirical approach, the research methodology connects a few data collecting tools (questionaires, interviews, observations) and on a conceptual level mobilises the Activity Theory and the notion of Training System .This research offers a model of key competences to lead a collaborative project. It analyzes the training system as a strong internally coherent ecosystem, open to development, prone to creativity, which favors collaborate competences development
Simon, Alexis. "Génomique de l’hybridation anthropogénique chez les moules Mytilus spp. et valeur sélective des hybrides." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTG032.
Full textAnthropogenic activities are creating new contacts between genetically differentiated lineages, providing access to the initial phase and replicates of secondary contacts. The complex M. eduliscontains several species and lineages partially reproductively isolated, exhibiting a large diversity ofsecondary contacts and levels of gene flow. It constitutes therefore a good model for the study ofhybridisation and speciation. We took advantage of several secondary contact events, both natural,anthropogenic and experimental, to investigate their effects on genomic admixture patterns. Indeed,events of M. galloprovincialis introduction from two different lineages, implicating admixture betweenthe introduced species and the native species, have been identified in several French ports and inNorway. The introduction has first been identified with a hundred ancestry informative markers.Mussel port populations are forming fine scale contact zones between the inside of the ports andlocal populations located outside. Those port populations exhibit an important rate of introgressionfrom local lineages with which they are in contact. The comparison of those anthropogenic admixtureevents with cases implicating other lineages and experimental crosses allowed us to identify parallelisms in allele frequency distortions when similar lineages are hybridising. In the aim of investigatingthe genomic patterns produced by such events, we analysed 156 genomes of reference and admixedpopulations, showing the correlation of distorsions between events is conserved at the genomic scale.Finally, we developed a theoretical model for the prediction of hybrid fitness using the frameworkof Fisher’s geometric model. This model takes into account genome scale epistatic interactions,emerging from the co-adaptation of mutations produced during divergence between the two lineages.The model is simple and flexible and predicts many empirical observations of hybridization researchincluding segregation distortions in mussels.Finally, it explains that admixed populations retrieve high fitness levelswhile being a combination of alleles from the two parental genomes
Wang, Yunlu. "Load balancing in hybrid LiFi and RF networks." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31211.
Full textDeleau, Hervé. "Approches hybrides pour les problèmes CSP." Angers, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ANGE0012.
Full textIn this thesis, we propose a generic hybrid approach to solve Constraints Satisfaction Problems (CSP). After having presented the CSP and the methods usually used to solve them, we present our approach, combining strategies inspired of arborescent search and local search. The unifying framework is that of an individuals population, which correspond, with not solutions, but with subsets of the search space. The constraint propagation and the domain splitting contribute to reduce individuals to subsets more restricted. Local search examnines solutions in an individual. Our approach is experiments evaluated on a problems set. Lastly, we propose new prospects and possible adaptation of our approach on other problems types
Barichard, Vincent. "Approches hybrides pour les problèmes multiobjectifs." Angers, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ANGE0027.
Full textThis thesis deals with the resolution of multiobjective optimization problems. Our contributions are of three types : first, we develop for the multiobjective mul-dimensionnal knapsack problem some original algorithms based on Tabu search or evolutionary algorithms. Through out the experiments, we show the importance of diversity and of its efficient management during the search. Subsequently, we develop for multiobjective continuous problems with constraints an original method which is mainly based on a representation with intervals, constraint propagation methods, local search processes and evolutionary concepts. Finally, we generalize our approach in order to draw up a formal model which may be the center of an algorithm family that result from the same pattern
Trinh, Trung hieu. "Réseaux de micro convertisseurs, les premiers pas vers le cicuit de puissance programmable." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENT007/document.
Full textDC/DC power converters are widely used for domestic and industrial applications with powers from a few watts to several MegaWatts. Generally, for each application, an appropriate converter is designed to meet the specifications. So, with a new application corresponds a new converter leading to systematic review and re-design of a new structure of conversion which is costly in time and money. Eventually, it can lead to specific technological developments which also have an impact on the cost of developing solutions for power electronics. To circumvent these difficulties, my thesis focuses on the process of Micro Converters Networks (MiCoNet) which proposes a new approach to respond fully flexibely to any specifications. The aim of this approach is to create a unit component, called elementary cell, able to respond to any kind of specifications by connecting in series and/or parallel several of these elementary cells. It permits to adjust the voltage and/or current of the converter to achieve. Therefore, my thesis is divided into two main parts. The first part consists in the design and the integration of the elementary cell used in the MiCoNet. The second discusses the configuration strategies used in the MiCoNet and association modes of elementary cells which can respond to any specification
Ventura, Quentin. "Technique de visualisation hybride pour les données spatio-temporelles." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2014. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/1298/1/VENTURA_Quentin.pdf.
Full textMoreira, de Carvalho Kagan Cinthia. "Les Indiens Pitaguary et leurs chiens : une communauté hybride?" Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCA108/document.
Full textThe study of the relations between humans and animals gradually increases in importance in anthropology. Originating from different approaches, the anthropological studies have sought to interpret the relations established between human and animals in historical senses. Researches have more and more concentrated efforts on the observation of the closest and more common animals (Dalla Bernardina, 2006), such as the domestic species. This research will seek to understand how the domestic animal interacts with human, Erickson (1988 ; 1998 ; 2000, 2012), Descola (1986 ; 2005), Viveiros de Castro (1998, 2002 ; 2009), Vander Velden (2009 ; 2011, 2012), Kohler (2011, 2012), beings in a native (Indian) community, analyzing the day-to-day life of the Pitaguary tribe in the State of Ceará, Brazil, with their pet dogs. The goal is an ethnographic study of the relation among human and canine individuals, whose long story of coexistence has led to the creation of a special bond among many of those. Starting from the general idea that humans keep objective and subjective relations with animals, the proposal is an anthropological research based on the ethnography of the relations between the Pitaguary and their pet dogs, based on the concept of a “hybrid society”, such as the defined by the philosopher Dominique Lestel (1996, 2001, 2004, 2007, 2013) in order to define a society in which the relation of collaboration between men and animals overcomes the dominative relation (understood as determining on the process of domesticization/familiarization). It comes down to seek to understand the interespecific connections on the community life, in which both the humans as much as the animals have a leading role. Intensive field research on the Pitaguary landings to assess the relation between this people and their pet dogs (along with other wild animals, domestic e familiarized) will be the methodology to be employed. It must be pointed out the history of the Pitaguary in the context of the “reemergence” of the Indians in Northeastern Brazil, next the importance of their pet animals and dogs, especially on mythical, rites and daily habits (such as hunting and cures) just as the subjective interpretation of the canine behavior by the own Pitaguary. We’ll focus at last on the pet dogs on day-to-day matters, their life stories, and within their social relations with humans
O estudo das relações entre humanos e animais ganha paulatinamente espaço na Antropologia. Partindo de diferentes abordagens teóricas e metodológicas, os estudos antropológicos têm buscado interpretar as relações estabelecidas entre animais humanos e não humanos etnográfica e historicamente. Cada vez mais as investigações empenham-se na observação de animais, mais próximos e comuns (Dalla Bernardina, 2006), como as espécies domésticas ou domesticadas. A pesquisa aqui proposta tenta compreender como o animal doméstico interage socialmente com seres humanos em uma população indígena, Erikson (1988 ; 1998 ; 2000, 2012), Descola (1986 ; 2005), Viveiros de Castro (1998, 2002 ; 2009), Vander Velden (2009 ; 2011, 2012), Kohler (2011, 2012). O objetivo foi etnografar a relação entre sujeitos humanos e caninos, cuja longa história de convivência levou à criação de um nexo especial entre uns e outros. Partindo do princípio de que os seres humanos mantêm relações objetivas e subjetivas com os animais, fiz esta pesquisa antropológica baseada na etnografia das relações entre os Pitaguary e seus cachorros, a partir do conceito de “sociedade híbrida”, tal como definido pelo filósofo Dominique Lestel (1996, 2001, 2004, 2007, 2013) para definir uma sociedade em que a relação de colaboração entre homens e animais se sobrepõe à relação de dominação (entendida como determinante no processo de domesticação/familiarização). Trata-se de buscar compreender os laços interespecíficos no seio do convívio social, no qual tanto o humano quanto o animal ocupam o estatuto de sujeito. Pesquisa de campo intensiva nas terras Pitaguary para a observação da relação entre esse povo e seus cães (além de outros animais selvagens, domésticos e familiarizados) foi a metodologia aplicada. Evocamos primeiramente a história dos Pitaguary no contexto do « ressurgimento » dos índios do Nordeste, em seguida o lugar dos animais e dos cães, em particular nos mitos, rituais e práticas (caça, curas) assim como a interpretação subjetiva dos comportamentos caninos pelos próprios Pitaguary. Nos centraremos finalmente sobre os cachorros no quotidiano, suas histórias de vida, e dentro de suas relações sociais com os humanos