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CHAMI-SATHER, GRECE. "MORAL THINKING OF AMERICAN: AMERICAN RESIDING IN LEBANON, LEBANESE BILINGUAL AND LEBANESE CHILDREN." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1088680072.
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Chami-Sather, Grece. "Moral thinking of American, American residing in Lebanon, Lebanese bilingual and Lebanese children." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=ucin1088680072.
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Righi, Céline. "Lebanese youth : memory and identity." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2014. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3241/.
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This thesis explores the interface between collective memory, history and construction of identity in the sensitive socio-cultural and historical contexts of post-war societies. The issue of a sectarian culture of memory, a gap between private and public memory and divisive identity politics related to the Lebanese Civil War provides a case study. Focussing on young Lebanese, the thesis examines their relationship with remembering and forgetting the past and how it shapes their construction of identity. Theoretically, the thesis presents a dynamic scrutiny of the concept of collective memory, understood as historically shaped, culturally represented and informed through narratives. Making the case for the potential role of memory in breaking the cycle of conflicting memories and finding new forms of consensus, I complement the literature on memory and identity with Castoriadis’s concept of ‘instituting imaginary’ as opening up to a space for autonomy. The empirical research involves thirtysix young Lebanese people from different religious communities and socio-demographic profiles. The participants were assigned to view a photography and video exhibition, held in Beirut, in which artists displayed works about their personal experiences of the civil war and history, and also focused on the nude body - two thematics publicly disregarded in Lebanon. Five focus-group discussions were conducted after the participants’ exposure to the exhibition and these were complemented by twenty-four in-depth individual interviews. An analysis of the dynamics of the groups and a typological approach to the individual interviews were employed. The key findings of the thesis are that the emotional charge of the exhibit triggered young Lebanese (mainly women studying humanities) to explore the issue of truth and suffering as a critical response to the Lebanese ethos of fate, the banality of violence, and the taboo of narratives of the war. In contrast, hostile reactions to seeing personal artwork on memory as well as history, and on nude bodies in a public space, led other young Lebanese to repress war memories and demonize the sectarian other. Finally, this thesis discusses the sphere of intimacy mediated by aesthetic experiences in public spaces as constituting a symbolic and imaginary ‘space’ for the unravelling of cultural and ideological issues from the process of identity construction.
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Teuteberg, Salome Marjanne. "The endurance of Lebanese consociational democracy." Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6577.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2011.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The small Middle Eastern country of Lebanon was once recognised as the exemplar of power-sharing democracy, upholding a system that promoted peace and coexistence between Christians and Muslims. Power was divided proportionally amongst confessional groups, granting each sect power according to their demographic proportion. This division of power was aimed at promoting national unity, but changes in the Lebanese demography made the division undemocratic, and the constitution no longer accurately represented Lebanese society. The 1926 constitution, supplemented by the National Pact in 1943, which had upheld this division of power, baulked under the pressure of a 15-year civil war, to the surprise of many scholars who had praised the Lebanese system. While many place the blame on the outside influences, it has been determined that the problem lay within the system. The static characteristic of the system did not sufficiently provide for changing demographics, or a change in interest groups. The problem lay in the fixed nature of the proportionality of the consociational system. The prolonged civil war, sometimes referred to as a proxy war between Israel and Syria, came to an end with the signing of the Taif Accord in 1990. Though none were satisfied with its provision, the Accord brought an end to the escalating violence. The Accord paved the way for the rebuilding of state institutions, enabling parliamentary elections in 1992 and 1996; general municipal elections in 1998; the peaceful transfer of power between presidents; as well as the reconstruction of the Lebanese economy. The main objective of this study of Lebanon is to determine whether the amended Lebanese constitution of 1990 adheres to the principles provided in the theoretical framework regarding constitutional endurance. This study is in the form of a qualitative case study. It aims to describe, at length, and to form an in-depth understanding of the actors and events leading up to the Taif Accord, as well as the formation and implementation thereof. The research questions include: What factors relating to flexibility, specificity and inclusion contributed to the breakdown of the 1943 National Pact?; What steps were taken leading to the Taif Accord?; and Have the changes made in the Lebanese constitution by means of the 1990 Taif Accord facilitated the endurance of the constitution? The study aims to contribute through its application of the theoretical framework to a particular case study, namely that of Lebanon. By 'testing' this theoretical framework, this study also provides an in-depth analysis of the happenings in Lebanon over the past 80 years. It remains in question whether the Taif Accord‟s amendments to the constitution have sufficiently provided for the resilience of thereof. Twenty years of relative peace have not convinced Lebanese citizens of the legitimacy and efficacy of the Accord. While the over-centralisation of power within the system was curbed by shifting power away from the president to a cabinet equally divided between Christian and Muslims, the Accord failed to effectively deal with the preset nature of the proportionality within the system. 20 years of relative peace may be enough to ensure the endurance of the constitution, but regional factors as well as the presence of radicalised groups play an important role in destabilising the fragile balance within the country. Should the Lebanese state continue to be inclusive and flexible in the wake of a constantly changing environment, it may endure. However, the tumultuous nature of the region in which Lebanon finds itself may eventually provide external shocks that the Lebanese system fails to weather. The hope is that the system builds on sound, systemic foundations in order to be able to endure regional conflict.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die klein Midde-Oosterse land Lebanon, was vroeër 'n voorbeeld van 'n magsdelende demokrasie wat 'n stelsel gehandhaaf het wat vrede en naasbestaan tussen Christene en Moslems bevorder het. Mag is proporsioneel onder geloofsgroepe verdeel volgens hul demografiese verhouding tot die ander groepe. Hierdie verdeling van mag was gemik op die bevordering van nasionale eenheid, maar veranderinge in die Lebanese demografie het veroorsaak dat die grondwet nie meer verteenwoordigend was van die Lebanese samelewing nie. Die Lebanese Grondwet van 1926, tesame met die Nasionale Verdrag van 1943, wat hierdie verdeling gehandhaaf het, het onder die druk van 'n 15-jare Burgeroorlog inmekaar gestort, ten spyte van die vertroue wat in die stelsel was. Alhoewel die skuld soms op eksterne invloede geplaas is, is dit egter bepaal dat die probleem in die Lebanese stelsel self lê. Die statiese kenmerk van die stelsel het nie voldoende voorsiening gemaak vir 'n verandering in die demografie of belangegroepe nie. Die probleem lê in die statiese en onwrikbare aard van die konsosiatiewe stelsel. Die uitgerekte Burgeroorlog, soms gesien as 'n oorlog tussen Israel en Sirië op Lebanese grond, is tot 'n einde gebring met die ondertekening van die Taif Verdrag in 1990. Alhoewel geen betrokke party ten volle tevrede was met die bepalinge van die Verdrag nie, het dit 'n einde gebring aan die toenemende geweld. Die Verdrag het die weg gebaan vir die heropbou van staatsinstellings; parlementêre verkiesings in 1992 en 1996; algemene munisipale verkiesings in 1998; die vreedsame oordrag van mag tussen presidente; sowel as die heropbou van die Lebanese ekonomie. Die hoof doel van hierdie studie van Lebanon is om te bepaal of die gewysigde grondwet van 1990 voldoen aan die beginsels van die teoretiese raamwerk rakende grondwetlike uithouvermoë. Die studie is in die vorm van 'n kwalitatiewe gevallestudie. Dit het ten doel om te beskryf en 'n in-diepte begrip van die akteurs en die gebeure wat gelei het tot die Taif Accord, asook die vorming en implementering daarvan te vorm. Die navorsing vrae sluit in: Watter faktore met betrekking tot buigsaamheid, spesifisiteit en insluiting het bygedra tot die verval van die 1943 National Pact?; Watter stappe is geneem wat gelei tot die Taif Verdrag?; en Het die veranderinge in die Lebanese grondwet deur middel van die 1990 Taif Verdrag die langdurigheid van die grandwet gefasiliteer? studie het ten doel om by te dra deur middel van sy toepassing van die teoretiese raamwerk om 'n bepaalde gevallestudie, naamlik dat van die Lebanon. Hierdie studie verskaf ook 'n in-diepte analise van die gebeure in Lebanon oor die afgelope 80 jaar. Die vraag bly staan of die Taif Verdrag se wysigings aan die grondwet voldoende voorsiening gemaak het vir die oorlewing van die grondwet. Twintig jaar van relatiewe vrede het nog nie Lebanese burgers oortuig van die legitimiteit en doeltreffendheid van die Verdrag nie. Alhoewel die oor-sentralisering van mag binne die stelsel ingeperk is deur die verskuiwing van mag weg van die President, na 'n kabinet wat gelykop tussen Christene en Moslems verdeel is, het die Verdrag versuim om effektief met die proporsionele aard van die grondwet te handel. Dit is egter belangrik om op die uniekheid van die Lebanese geval te let, ten spyte van die vele faktore rondom die saak. Hoewel 20 jaar van vrede genoegsaam kan wees om die langdurigheid van 'n grondwet te verseker, speel streeksfaktore, sowel as die teenwoordigheid van radikale groepe 'n belangrike rol in die destabilisering van die fyn balans wat in die land voorkom. Indien die Lebanese staat voortgaan om inklusief en buigsaam te wees in die nasleep van 'n voortdurende, veranderende omgewing, sal dit kan voortleef. Maar die onstuimige aard van die streek waarin Lebanon homself bevind mag eksterne negatiewe faktore na vore bring wat die Lebanese stelsel nie kan hanteer nie. Die hoop is dat hierdie stelsel sal voortbou op sterk, sistemiese fondasies om in staat te wees om eksterne, sowel as interne, konflik te hanteer.
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Madi, Dina. "Pain in Lebanese children with cancer." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/pain-in-lebanese-children-with-cancer(c1b09c01-b58f-49da-8f7f-904057b4a743).html.
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Pain is a significant health issue in the paediatric oncology population. No study to date exists documenting the experience and characteristics of pain in Lebanese children with cancer. The primary aim of this research study is to identify the characteristics of the painful experience of paediatric cancer pain in Lebanese children and how pain is managed from the child’s own perspectives. A secondary aim is to assess the cross-cultural context of the Adolescent Paediatric Pain Tool (APPT) and the Functional Disability Inventory (FDI). The specific objectives that will be addressed are:1. To describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of Lebanese children experiencing cancer pain at the CCCL including: type of cancer, time since diagnosis, metastasis, and current treatment in outpatients and inpatients.2. To describe the characteristics of pain including: intensity, frequency, duration, location, and quality in Lebanese children with cancer at the CCCL. 3. To identify the major sources of pain (cancer-related, treatment-related, or procedure-related) in Lebanese children with cancer at the CCCL.4. To examine the impact of pain on activities of daily living in Lebanese children with cancer at the CCCL. 5. To determine the factors associated with the intensity of pain in Lebanese children with cancer at the CCCL. 6. To determine how pain is managed in Lebanese children with cancer at the CCCL from their own perspective. To meet the above aims and objectives a cross-sectional correlational design was used. A consecutive sample (n=62) was recruited from the Children Cancer Centre of Lebanon at the American University of Beirut Medical Centre (CCCL-AUBMC). Data was collected through face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire. The mean age of participants was 12.3 (SD 2.9). The mother was the primary caregiver in the majority of cases (69.4%). The overall mean intensity rating was 5.06 (SD 1.87) on a 10 cm Word Graphic Rating Scale. The majority (57.4%) of children reported a frequency of “sometimes”. The median duration of pain was two hours per pain episode. The most frequent locations were: the forehead, the abdomen, and lower back. Sensory words were most often used to qualify pain. The functional disability levels were moderate as measured by the FDI. Factors associated with overall pain intensity were: frequency, duration, location, affective words, and treatment-related pain. Time since diagnosis, treatment, surgery in the past, radiotherapy, pain duration and frequency of pain predicted pain intensity in the sample. Children reported receiving pharmacological help from nurses, and non-pharmacological measures from their mothers. The main self-initiated coping strategies used by children were behavioural avoidance and behavioural distraction. The most suggested coping strategy was stressor modification. The majority (56/62) did not expect to experience that much pain from cancer and treatment modalities.Pain assessment and management in Lebanese children with cancer are of concern. Health care professionals, policy makers, and institution stakeholders are urged to take action.
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Saba, 'Ayon Najwa. "Lebanese English as a foreign language : teachers' conceptions of teaching and their practice in Lebanese public high schools." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2013. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/45099/.
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For about the last decade, education reformers have stressed the role of teachers in translating policy reforms into classroom practice. In Lebanon, the 1997 revised English curriculum, which follows learner-centred teaching, has as one of its objectives to enable learners to communicate effectively in English. To meet such an objective, the reformers called for the use of cooperative learning (CL) as it maximises the learners' exposure to meaningful input and output in a democratic, cooperative environment. However, to date a lot of the graduates from Lebanese Public High Schools (LPHS), unlike their counterparts in the private sector, are not proficient enough in English to produce one complete sentence in that foreign language. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the extent to which the conceptions of teaching that LPHS teachers of English as a foreign language (EFL) have, in general, as well as of CL in particular, are congruent with the curricular reforms and hence implemented into their classroom practice, and thereby investigating one possible reason for their graduates' low proficiency in English. Using a case study design, the researcher examined six Lebanese EFL teachers, purposively sampled, in four LPHS in one city in South Lebanon. Data, collected through observation, interviews, document analysis, and a researcher diary, were compared to ensure credibility. These data, which were analysed thematically, yielded the categories and sub-categories which constitute the results of this research. Major findings showed that (a) there were incongruities between teachers' reported conceptions and their practice; while their reported conceptions lie within learner-centred teaching, their practice, influenced by their learning experiences as language learners as well as their school culture and professional context, was more traditional and teacher-centred, (b) CL was almost absent in their practice, and in only a few occasions were group or pair work activities employed, (c) their teacher preparation was mostly theoretical and traditional, (d) the minimal support provided to EFL teachers in their professional context and the incompatible school culture with the curricular reforms reflected negatively on their practice. Conclusions were drawn as follows: (1) teachers' conceptions of teaching were mostly incongruent with the curricular reforms, and hence these reforms were not translated into the teachers' classroom practice properly, (2) the strong influence of the participants' images of their memorable teachers as language learners, coupled with the participants' inadequate understanding of learner-centred teaching, made the participants equate their friendly attitudes to students with learner-centred teaching, (3) the absence of communication and collaboration between teacher education programme, curriculum designers, and LPHS led to inadequate teacher training, (4) their poor teacher preparation and the inappropriate school culture and context in terms of the physical environment, orientation, and preparedness reinforced the teachers' more established conceptions of what constitute good teaching and discouraged the participants' few attempts to implement traces of these curricular reforms in their classes, and (5) the poor implementation of curricular reforms and the reliance on more traditional teaching, which focuses on form, accuracy, and memorisation, were hence one possible factor responsible for LPHS graduates' low proficiency. The researcher suggested necessary pedagogical implications that are likely to improve the implementation of curricular reforms in LPHS, the most important of which were (a) adjusting the reforms to be in harmony with LPHS professional context as well as culture, (b) more coordination and communication between teacher training programmes, schools, and curriculum designers, and (c) revising the teacher education programme and upgrading teachers' qualifications. Finally, the thesis ends with recommendations for further research.
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Zahreddine, Hala Ghassan. "The domestication of Lebanese native tree species." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1130506554.
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Al-Shanti, Yassine Nariz. "Sustainability of regional identity in Lebanese architecture." Thesis, Ulster University, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.673813.
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Cultural milieu has had a greater influence on architectural identity, in particular on the visual image of a building, than climate, location, and construction techniques. The preservation of the external appearance of a building enriches and sustains the cultural identity of a place. It has become an valuable manifestation and symbol of the importance of sustaining culture. Moreover, the role of sustaining cultural heritage in a territory is a tool that may enable the reconciliation of conflicting cultures in order to increase social cohesion, local identity and equity. In a multi-cultural society within the Lebanese context, conflicts of social identity between different groups have occurred. Separation between these groups occurs due to their belonging to different religious sects. Different dimensions of these conflicts, in the increasing levels of immigration, frequent wars, the colonization of Lebanon and imbalanced globalization, all led to a loss of a unified sense of national identity, and hence a loss of regional national architectural identity. Culture has two key characteristics; One of evolvement, in that it passes from one generation to the next, the other of change, in that different cultures in one place can be separate from each other, giving identity to a place over different periods of time. Thus, culture of a place is inseparable from the natural environment. On the other hand, social attitude is crucial when defining and distinguishing social identity. This thesis introduces the polluted and biased canon of "Lebanese architecture" what has been the result of the conflicting multi -cultural nation. By introducing the formation of the Lebanese natural environment and socio-cultural situations that have had a critical impact throughout history. This thesis determines the critical periods that affect Lebanese architectural identity formation and variation. It investigates the relationship between architectural identity and the socio-cultural identity through a chronological analysis of the development of architectural elements in Lebanon in order to discuss the different emerging styles, all of which claim the Lebanese architectural identity. Following this, the research considers the impact of the struggles for political powers that played a crucial role in changing the social values, aims, and interests that affected the identification of a national architectural identity. It will present the authorities and institutions that were created over time and their role in preserving architectural identity. The thesis creates a new approach for defining a new canon of Lebanese architecture from the marginal cultures, as opposed to professionals and scholars, in order not to politicize the issue of architectural identity. It also examines the attitude of different Lebanese religious groups by determining the most desired Lebanese architectural elements to be sustained, and by exploring the desired degree of imitation within Lebanese architecture which the different groups would accept in order to achieve an agreeable Lebanese style to be sustained for future generations, and that will be one of the cultural issues that assure social cohesion and may resolve conflicts.
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Zahreddine, Hala G. "The domestication of Lebanese native tree species." The Ohio State University, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1130506554.
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Esposito, Thomas G. "Political integration of Hezbollah into Lebanese politics." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA501151.
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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Middle East, South Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa))--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2009.Thesis Advisor(s): Hafez, Mohammed ; Boylouny, Anne Marie. "June 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on July 13, 2009. DTIC Identifiers: Hezbollah, Hizbullah, political integration, social movement theory, Lebanese Shia, Shiite Muslims, Imam Sayyid Musa Al-Sadr, PLO (Palestine Liberation Organization), radicalization, Arab-Israeli War, Al Nakba, Six Day War, IDF (Israeli Defense Forces), Cairo Agreement, Islamic fundamentalism, social movement theory. Author(s) subject terms: Hezbollah, Hizbullah, Lebanon, Political Integration, Social Movement Theory. Includes bibliographical references (p. 55-61). Also available in print.
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Dandachi, Iman. "Multi drug resistant organisms in Lebanese livestock." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0286/document.
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De nos jours, l'épidémiologie des bactéries multi-résistantes a évolué et ne se limite plus aux milieux hospitaliers. En effet, les animaux sont désormais considérés comme d’importants réservoirs de bactéries multi-résistantes, notamment des Bacilles à Gram négatif sécréteurs de bêta-lactamases et/ou résistant à la colistine. L'émergence de ces bactéries chez les animaux est due principalement à l’utilisation excessive d’antibiotiques en tant que prophylaxie et facteurs de croissance. Le transfert d’organismes multi-résistants aux antibiotiques provenant d’animaux vers les humains est un problème majeur pouvant entrainer de graves infections. La transmission zoonotique se fait par contact direct/indirect mais aussi par voie environnementale. Au Liban, plusieurs études ont été menées dans les hôpitaux et ont montré une prévalence élevée de bactéries multi-résistantes. En revanche, ces études sont rares dans le milieu vétérinaire. Le but de ce travail de thèse est de décrire l'épidémiologie des organismes multi-résistants dans les animaux d’élevage destinés à la consommation au Liban. Le typage des bactéries par MLST et le séquençage du génome entier ont été utilisés pour décrire la prévalence des organismes multi-résistants et les mécanismes de résistance chez les souches isolées. Nous pouvons ainsi conclure que les élevages de poulets et de porcs sont de puissants réservoirs de gènes de résistance BLSE et mcr-1 au Liban. La dissémination de la résistance semble être polyclonale et liée à la propagation de plasmides porteurs de gènes de résistance. Par conséquent, l'utilisation de la colistine en médecine vétérinaire au Liban doit être interditeNowadays, the epidemiology of multi-drug resistance has changed and is no more confined to the hospital settings. Food producing animals are increasingly regarded as potent reservoirs of multi-drug resistant organisms i.e. beta lactamase producers and colistin-resistant Gram-negative bacilli. The emergence of multi-drug resistance in animals is thought to be mainly driven by the overuse of antibiotics as growth promoters and prophylaxis. The dissemination of resistant organisms in animals is sparked by the concern of being transferred to humans where they can be candidates for infections with limited therapeutic options. The zoonotic transmission of resistant organisms from animals to humans occurs mainly via direct/indirect contact but also via environmental routes. In Lebanon, several studies were conducted in hospitals and showed a high prevalence of multi-drug resistance; unlikely, these studies are scarce in animals. The aim of this thesis research was thus to describe the epidemiology of multi-drug resistant organisms in Lebanese Livestock Multi-locus sequence typing and whole genome sequencing were used to describe the prevalence of multi-drug resistant organisms and the corresponding mechanisms of resistance in the isolated strains from chicken, pigs, farmers and environment. Chicken and swine farms showed to be potent reservoirs of ESBL and mcr-1 genes in Lebanon. The dissemination of multi-drug resistance appears to be multi-clonal and related to the spread of plasmid carrying resistance genes. Colistin use in veterinary medicine in Lebanon should be banned
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Arabi, Afif J. "The history of Lebanese cinema 1929-1979: an analytical study of the evolution and the development of Lebanese cinema /." The Ohio State University, 1996. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487933245538861.
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Kose, Handan Hilal. "The Impact Of Palestinian Refugees On Lebanese Politics." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615061/index.pdf.
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The overall purpose of this thesis is to analyze the impact of the Palestinian refugees on Lebanese politics. The role of the Palestinian refugees in Lebanon is discussed within the framework of explaining the political character of the Lebanese state. In this context the Lebanese state&rsquos perception concerning the Palestinians refugees in Lebanon is analyzed through explaining the living conditions of the refugees and the Palestinian military and political activities in Lebanon as well as the restrictions of the Lebanese laws and regulations on the Palestinian refugees. It is argued that the Lebanese state follows discriminitary policies against the existence of the Palestinian refugees in Lebanon.
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Ibrahim, Mohamad. "Evaluation of antibiotic use in a Lebanese hospital." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2016. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/10012.
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Antimicrobial resistance is a significant global health problem. Misuse of antibiotics is associated with antimicrobial resistance which presents clinicians with treatment challenges and increases the complexity of the decision making process related to the selection of appropriate antibiotic therapy. Antibiotic resistant organisms can often lead to nosocomial infections (NIs) and undoubtedly causes patient harm and increases healthcare costs. According to the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), at least 70% of the nosocomial infections are caused by antibiotic-resistant organisms. In addition to the problem of inappropriate prescribing, the decreased production of antimicrobial agents over the past 25 years has restricted the arsenal of available antimicrobial agents. The combination of inappropriate antibiotic prescribing practices and reduced research and development of new antimicrobial agents have promoted concerns that society may soon return to a pre-antibiotic era. Addressing the attitudes and behaviours that contribute to inappropriate antibiotic prescribing is a potentially effective and immediate solution to the growing antimicrobial resistance problem. Modifying clinicians' prescribing behaviour with antibiotic decision guidelines and highlighting the problematic side of this issue can promote judicious antibiotic prescribing practices. Representing the existing data regarding the use and misuse of antimicrobials in a Lebanese hospital can support and encourage initiating and complying with antibiotic stewardship programs and prescription guidelines. Purpose: The objectives of this study were to determine current levels and trends in prescribing antibiotics to patients in a Lebanese hospital, (2) to identify the factors that physicians considered when deciding to start antibiotics, (3) to explore whether antimicrobial use (empiric, prophylactic, targeted) will change when physicians fill out a form to document why they prescribed antibiotics, (4) to explore whether an increase in bacterial resistance occurs when antimicrobial consumption increases, (5) to explore the clinicians' perception towards antimicrobial use and antimicrobial stewardship program pre- and post- implementation of an antibiotic assessment form, (6) to explore the effect of the implemented antimicrobial stewardship intervention combined with hand hygiene (HH) on healthcare associated infection rate (HAIs) in the hospital. One-year retrospective study in a Lebanese hospital was conducted to determine the percentage of patients who received antimicrobial treatment and to identify the inappropriateness of their use in different hospital departments. A 12-months intervention was then implemented during which all attending physicians were asked to fill an antimicrobial assessment form (AAF) to document their rationale for starting antimicrobial therapy. In addition, this AAF was used to identify factors physicians considered when deciding to prescribe antimicrobials. Data from the AAFs suggested that physicians in the hospital often considered elevated C-reactive protein, elevated white blood cell counts, and elevated temperatures when deciding to start antimicrobial therapy. Data showed that antibiotic consumption and the median duration of empiric and targeted therapies decreased significantly during the intervention period when compared to the pre-intervention period. Antibiotic appropriateness was also increased significantly after the intervention was conducted. In addition, a better understanding of antimicrobial stewardship strategies was also noted by physicians after the implementation of the intervention. On the basis of these results, AAF filling was a successful intervention to reduce antibiotic use and to urge physicians to refer to antibiotic guidelines when initiating an antimicrobial agent. However, additional measures such as automatic stop orders and computer decision support may be easier and useful for reducing the duration of therapy in hospitals.
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Kortbaoui, Ziad. "The sea shore contamination of the Lebanese coast." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ37136.pdf.
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Kortbaoui, Ziad S. "The sea shore contamination of the Lebanese coast /." Thesis, McGill University, 1997. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=27537.
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Sea water samples were collected from different sampling stations along the Lebanese coast in the summer of 1994. Chemical, biological and physical analysis were conducted to assess the recreational water quality in Lebanon.Some 125 samples were then analyzed for the presence of Cadmium and Mercury by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Cadmium content, holding a mean 0.77 $ mu$g/L, was generally low for most areas with only a few elevated readings in Tripoli (1.89 $ mu$g/L), Checca (1.83 $ mu$g/L), Kaslik (0.79 $ mu$g/L), Beirut (1.19 $ mu$g/L) and Ramlet Al-Bayda (1.77 $ mu$g/L). Mercury content, holding a mean value of 0.06 mg/Kg (wet weight), was below the accepted tolerance limit of 0.5 mg/Kg for all sampling sites.
Some 128 samples were then analyzed for fecal coliforms (Escherichia coli and Streptococcus feacalis). Approximately, 50% of the sampling stations showed satisfactory results (less than 100 colonies/100 ml). High counts of fecal coliforms, over 500 colonies/100 ml, collected at Dora, Ramlet Al-Bayda and Antelias, reveal poor sea water quality and a public health hazards to swimmers and fishermen.
Some 36 samples were collected and analyzed for dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, salinity and temperature. For all sites sampled, DO averaged 4.03 mg/L, pH averaged 7.97, salinity averaged 38.77 ppt and temperature averaged 27.9$ sp circ$C.
The degree of pollution was found to be related to population density, industrial and human activity, continental runoffs and hydrological and meteorological conditions.
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Chammas, Nicolas Elie. "Construction industry and its role in Lebanese economy." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/40347.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil Engineering, 1987.MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ENGINEERING.
Bibliography: leaves 225-234.
by Nicolas Elie Chammas.
M.S.
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Arsan, Andrew Kerim. "Lebanese migrants in French West Africa, 1898-1939." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608460.
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Haddad, Dorine Mattar. "Good schools, bad schools : principals motivating Lebanese teachers." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/30920.
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This research aimed to identify the impact of the Principal's leadership style on teachers' motivation in some Lebanese intermediate public schools. It aimed to reveal those teachers' needs, enabling them to perform professionally. Moreover it sought to find out the extent to which the instructional leadership style had been adopted by the Principals in these schools. A small-scale survey approach was used where a cross-sectional study design was assumed.;By sampling extreme cases (five high-performing schools and five low-performing ones), the researcher was able to reveal the differences that existed in the teachers' attitude towards motivation as well as towards their Principals' leadership styles in the two sets of schools selected. Moreover, it enabled her to identify the different factors that affected the school performance level. To achieve her objective, the researcher triangulated the quantitative data collected from questionnaires administered to 203 teachers, with the qualitative data collected from interviews conducted with twenty teachers using a semi-structured interview schedule.;Teachers at the high-performing schools were found to be significantly more motivated than their colleagues in the low-performing ones by recognition and by the school climate. Teachers reported their need for a higher level of equity to be prevailed among teachers, where high-quality teachers are to be better recognized. However, most of the teachers seemed to be cherishing the job security that the public educational system is offering.;Principals in the schools investigated were found to assume climate-related functions more than the technological ones under the instructional leadership style. Both sets of functions were significantly more performed by the Principals in the high-achieving schools in comparison with the Principals in the low-achieving ones.;The factors that affected the school performance level were teachers' quality and the way they are motivated, the Principal's leadership style, the physical conditions of the school (including the required tools and equipment), as well as the students' SES.;The researcher ended up by recommending the remedies required to keep teachers motivated, and by advancing some strategies to enhance the teaching's quality in Lebanon.
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Nasser-Eddine, Minerva. "A transcendent Lebanese identity: more than a mirage? /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2003. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phn267.pdf.
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Bassam, Loubna. "Gender Differences in SMS Code-Switching by Lebanese Undergraduates." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/461983.
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Aquest estudi investiga les diferències de gènere en l'alternança lingüística (code-switching) entre l'àrab i l'anglès en els missatges SMS d'estudiants libanesos de diferents universitats, diferents classes socials i diferents religions. Un corpus de 1680 missatges SMS es va recollir de 58 estudiants: 34 dones i 24 homes, amb 1013 missatges de dones i 667 d'homes. Es van dur a terme anàlisis qualitatives i quantitatives, i també es van administrar qüestionaris i entrevistes.
Els resultats indiquen que l'alternança lingüística s'utilitza àmpliament en aquests missatges SMS i que les diferències de gènere s'entrellacen amb un conjunt de variables sociolingüístiques. Es detecten diferències significatives de gènere en relació amb la classe social i la religió del emissor, l'edat del receptor, i la naturalesa intra- o inter-gènere de la comunicació. A més, les diferències de gènere interactuen amb la freqüència de l'alternança, el percentatge de diferents idiomes en els missatges amb alternança, i el percentatge d'idiomes utilitzats en els missatges que no tenen alternança.
En tots aquests aspectes, les dones són més actives que els homes. Les dones no només utilitzen l'alternança lingüística significativament més en diferents entorns, sinó també el percentatge d'alternances tendeix a ser més gran quan es tracta de les dones, ja sigui com a emissors o com a receptors. L'estudi també mostra que les dones són innovadores en el sentit que són les usuàries més freqüents de noves variables lingüístiques i són més creatives en la forma en que fan servir el llenguatge per produir certs efectes lingüístics.Esta investigación estudia las diferencias de género que se manifiestan en la alternancia lingüística (code-switching) entre el árabe y el inglés en los mensajes SMS de estudiantes libaneses de diferentes universidades, diferentes clases sociales y diferentes religiones. Se recolectó un corpus de 1680 mensajes SMS de 58 estudiantes universitarios: 34 mujeres y 24 hombres. Del total, 1013 mensajes fueron enviados por mujeres y 667 por hombres. Se realizaron análisis cualitativos y cuantitativos, y también se administraron cuestionarios y entrevistas. Los resultados indican que la alternancia lingüística se utiliza ampliamente en estos mensajes SMS y que las diferencias de género se entrelazan con un conjunto de variables sociolingüísticas. Se detectan significativas distinciones de género con respecto a la clase social y la religión del emisor, la edad del receptor y la naturaleza intra- o inter-género de la comunicación. Además, las diferencias de género interactúan con la frecuencia de las alternaciones, el porcentaje de idiomas diferentes en los mensajes con alternancia y con el porcentaje de idiomas utilizados en los mensajes que no tienen alternancia. En todos estos aspectos, las mujeres son más activas que los hombres. No sólo las mujeres cambian de idioma significativamente más en diferentes entornos, sino que también el porcentaje de alternancias tiende a ser mayor cuando las mujeres participan, ya sea como emisores o como receptores. El estudio también demuestra que las mujeres son innovadoras en el sentido de que son usuarias más frecuentes de nuevas variantes lingüísticas y son más creativas en la forma en que usan el lenguaje para producir ciertos efectos lingüísticos.
This study investigates gender differences in code-switching between Arabic and English in the SMS messages of Lebanese undergraduates from different universities, social classes and religions. A corpus of 1680 SMS messages was collected from 58 undergraduates: 34 women and 24 men; there were 1013 messages from women and 667 from men. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were conducted; a questionnaire and an interview were administered. The results indicate that code-switching is used extensively in these SMS messages and that gender differences are interwoven with a set of sociolinguistic variables. There are significant gender distinctions with regard to the social class and religion of the sender, the age of the recipient, and the intra- or inter-gender nature of the communication. In addition, gender differences interact with the frequency of switches, the percentage of different languages in the messages with code-switching, and the percentage of languages used in the messages that have no code-switching. In all of these respects, women are more active than men. Not only do women code-switch significantly more in different settings, but also the percentage of code-switching tends to be higher whenever women are involved, either as senders or as receivers. The study also shows that women are innovators in the sense that they are more frequent users of new linguistic variables and are more creative in the way they use language to produce certain linguistic effects.
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Hakim-Dowek, Carol. "The origins of the Lebanese national idea 1840-1914." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390366.
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Dabbous-Sensenig, Dima. "Ending the war? : the Lebanese Broadcasting Act of 1994." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2003. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/19525/.
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Soon after the end of the Civil War, Lebanon witnessed the birth of its first audio-visual law: the Broadcasting Act of 1994. This Act was, according to the Document of National Reconciliation that ushered in the end of the Civil War, considered to be crucial in ending civil strife in Lebanon. The 1994 Act was also the first legislation for private broadcasting to be passed in the Arab world. The introduction of the Act created great political upheaval. The present study documents the controversy created by the Act and seeks to understand the extent to which vehement criticism of the Act and of the government behind it were justified. I will seek to do so by examining the various phases of the Act: its inception as a draft; its final wording and the economic and political forces that shaped it; and its implementation, mainly through the creation of a new regulatory body, the National Audio-visual Council (or NAC) responsible for studying license applications. The present study will document the various stages of the new broadcasting law by relying almost exclusively on primary sources: i.e., archival material, most of which is inaccessible to the general public (e.g., application files); and personal interviews with high ranking government officials and media representatives. Finally, by relying on elite theory and an "evolutionary" theory of policy analysis, I will attempt to interpret the findings of the primary research, and to add to our understanding of media, law, and change in post-Civil War Lebanon.
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Lina, Samairat. "English and French In the popular Lebanese movie Caramel." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-403715.
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Chaitani, Youssef. "Syro-Lebanese cooperation of integration? : bilateral relations, 1943-1950." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.409298.
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El, Khadir Marouane. "The lebanese Brazilian entrepreneurs: entrepreneurship in building an elite." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/17519.
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Brazilians of Lebanese descent occupy high positions in economic, political and cultural fields. This community is widely associated with the image of success in the country’s collective psyche. Historically, most of the first Lebanese immigrants have started their journey in Brazil as entrepreneurs, concentrating on trade and moving later to industry. This focus on entrepreneurial activities still holds true today. Their early success in business then led to the emergence of a powerful elite whose influence goes beyond the economic sphere. This study deals with this case of ethnic entrepreneurship and aims at presenting and explaining why and how this phenomenon took place. It also shows that entrepreneurship can not only be an economic activity but also lay the foundation of a community and structure its identity. This work thus brings a contribution to the study of ethnic entrepreneurship which can be important in order to understand the economic and social rise of certain minorities or immigrant groups and draw up possible inspirational models. This dissertation also outlines several factors that participate to the success of entrepreneurs.
Os brasileiros de origem libanesa ocupam posições bem elevadas em áreas econômicas, políticas e culturais. Esta comunidade é amplamente associada com a imagem de sucesso na psique coletiva do país. Historicamente, a maioria dos primeiros imigrantes libaneses começaram como empresários, com foco no comércio e, em seguida, movendo-se para a indústria. Este foco em atividades empresariais ainda é verdade hoje. Seu sucesso inicial no negócios levou depois ao surgimento de uma poderosa elite cuja influência vai além da esfera econômica. Este estudo aborda esse caso de empreendedorismo étnico. Ele tem por objetivo apresentar e explicar por que e como esse fenômeno ocorreu. Ele também mostra como o empreendedorismo não pode ser apenas uma atividade econômica mas também lançar as bases de uma comunidade e estruturar a sua identidade. Portanto, este trabalaho traz uma contribuação para o estudo do empreendedorismo étnico que pode ser importante para compreender o crescimento económico e social de algumas minorias e grupos de imigrantes e elaborar modelos possíveis de inspiração. Esta dissertação também descreve vários fatores que participam para o sucesso dos empreendedores.
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Rostom, Mustafa. ""Scattered cedars in a Western town" : interviews with Lebanese Muslims on the family, ethnicity, gender and racism /." Connect to thesis, 2003. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00000444.
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Winbo, Assem. "Is Lebanon under Syrian Hegemony? A Historical Research of the Lebanese Syrian Relations as Portrayed in the Post Lebanese Civil War Bilateral Treaties." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2624.
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The Syrian military intervention in Lebanon which began in 1976 has impacted the country in many ways. There are numerous reports about the negative impact of that intervention in addition to the ways in which Lebanon is currently being exploited by Syria in the global political arena so that Syria can achieve its goals. Manifestations of this exploitation are the many unfair, unbalanced and unjust bilateral treaties that Lebanon has signed with Syria in the aftermath of the Lebanese civil war.
However, the circumstances under which those treaties were signed as well as their implications have led to numerous debates. The manner in which Syria gained control over the Lebanese political system at the legislative, executive and judicial levels, in addition to the exploitation of Lebanon’s economic resources by means of those treaties has aroused serious concern. Therefore, the central question posed in this study is: Did the post Lebanese civil war bilateral treaties that Lebanon signed with Syria pave the way for Syrian hegemony over Lebanon? By employing the historical research method, I study past events in relation to the circumstances that led Lebanon to signing those treaties and then evaluate their effect and consequences on the present situation in terms of the economic advantages that Syria enjoys as a signatory to those treaties.
I apply a theoretical model based on Robert O Keohane’s definition of the theory of hegemonic stability. The result is that Syria, even though it is considered to be an underdeveloped market economy country, fulfills most of Keohane’s characteristics of hegemonic powers seeking preponderance of material resources. The central finding in this thesis is that the shortcomings of hegemony do apply to the Syrain presence in Lebanon due to the economic exploitation of Lebanon’s resources.
In addition, I employ Keohane’s cooperation theory and examine the “joint committees”, that were formed to regulate the application of the signed treaties, and their modus operandi. I argue tha Syria and Lebanon need to cooperate and that this cooperation needs to be regulated so that the two countries can deal with each other as equals rather than as a hegemon and a hegemonized. I claim that those committees can be the regimes that can enhance cooperation between Lebanon and Syria by means of trading based on the comparative advantages of their economic resources.
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Igbaria, Khaled. "Laylá Ba‘albakī and feminism throughout her fiction." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/17974.
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A number of Lebanese women writers of the period of 1950s and 1960s have received considerable attention by scholars. This is not the case, however, for Laylá Ba‘albakī, whom the field has failed to address in any substantive manner. In not paying sufficient attention to Laylá Ba‘albakī, the field has failed to appreciate the distinctly feminist dimension of her work. To date, most scholars have only repeated commonly held views about her and her fiction. By addressing Ba‘albakī’s biography and fiction, this thesis hopes to contribute to a fuller understanding of Lebanese women writers of 1950s and 1960s. It shows that Ba‘albakī joined the group Shi‘r, but none of the Lebanese or Syrian political parties; and that she faced conflict not only with her parents, community and the state, but also, unexpectedly, with the Lebanese women’s groups. This study discusses the reasons why Ba‘albakī was brought before the courts, supporting the view that the underlying reason was political, not moral; and it further explores the reasons why the writer ceased publishing. It now seems probable that she will soon release a new work, after a long hiatus, which may be controversial within Muslim and Arab society. Moreover, this thesis shows that throughout her novels and short stories there is diversity in styles and techniques, and the use of poetic and figurative language which displays the influence of several Arab and Western poets (including her father’s own zajal poetry). Furthermore, the study focuses in particular on feminist themes in her work, and the various literary devices she employs for advancing her feminist agenda. The study of these devices further supports the claim that the court case against her was motivated by politics, not ethics. This thesis opens the doors for new discussions such as the impacts of her being Shiite as and when sources become available.
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Awada, Hanady M. "Planting the Cedar Tree: The History of the Early Syrian-Lebanese Community in Toledo, OH, 1881-1960." Connect to full text in OhioLINK ETD Center, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1242242870.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Toledo, 2009.Typescript. "Submitted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for The Master of Arts in History." "A thesis entitled"--at head of title. Bibliography: leaves 180-189.
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Garrick, Ronald A. "Modeling stakeholder decision logic a case study of Lebanese Hezbollah /." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2010. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2010/Jun/10Jun%5FGarrick.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Operations Research)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2010.Thesis Advisor(s): Szechtman, Roberto ; Atkinson, Michael P. ; Second Reader: Kress, Moshe. "June 2010." Description based on title screen as viewed on July 14, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Decision analysis, systems analysis, influence diagram, multi agent, MAID, Hezbollah, Hizbullah, Lebanese, Lebanon, Israel, Iran, Syria, Genie, Imad Mughniyah, nuclear, Iran, Middle East, temporal, dynamic programming, backward induction, political stakeholders, political actors, decision support, decision logic, decision forecast. Includes bibliographical references (p. 149-151). Also available in print.
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Nugent, Elizabeth Ryan. "Hizbullah in Lebanese domestic politics Islamism, nationalism and parliamentary opposition /." Connect to Electronic Thesis (CONTENTdm), 2010. http://worldcat.org/oclc/649701508/viewonline.
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Kazan, Patricia Anne. "The problematic of otherness in Lebanese fictional writing - 1975-2000." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.412473.
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The aim of this thesis is to explore the notion and experience of Otherness as embodied in Lebanese fictional texts by such authors as 'Ily5s Khaff, Hudd Barakdt,Rashida l- Da'If and Handna l-Shaykhd, uring and after the civil war in the Lebanon( 1975-1990). the study is divided into seven sections, beginning with a theoretical background It moves from the personal to the intrapersonal view of the Other in Lebanese writing, examining the varying reactions within the texts themselves towards the Otherness of their environment. Otherness stems from the tension and conflict between Self(ves)a nd Other(s).I n the Lebanon, the pre-warp olitical and geographical dialogueo f unity largely glossed over differences of gender, religion and class status - differences that were brutally accentuatebdy the outbreako f civil war. As a result,t he conceptiono f the Lebanona s the unified totality of a single society, despite its variety, broke down. The war brought contradictionin the form of opposingv iews of the Other,f rom which thep roblematico f Othernesds erives.T he prevailingd ilemmao f Othernessis not that it escapeds efinition, but that it continually redefines itself according to its context. This process of redefinition involves such multiplicity that it is, therefore, best dealt with in separate sections. Otherness is discussed here in terms of difference, articulated in theories of subjectivity by thinkers such as Levinas,L ukAcs Lacan and Goldmann: it appears to be based on the relationship of the Self to the Other, but is also perceived within the Self. The Other is therefore different, but - by its very definition - is related to the original (as,for instance,subject and object, East and West, male and female). This study focuses on the problematic of Otherness concerning the personal, sexual,cultural and social Self. Otherness is emphasised by the shattering and loss of the socialS elf during civil conflict. The displacement and change of lifestyle experiencebdy the individual seem to be inextricably linked to a new awarenesasn da nalysis of identity that is evidenti n thec ontemporar writing. The texts reveala background of fragmented reality - whether located in social, political or geographicatlr ansformation When the reality one knows and loves is dramatically destroyed - as witnessed, directly or indirectly, by the authorsd iscussedh ere- the Self is threateneda ndt urns inward ast he Othere ncroacheusp on its territory. Initially, the relationshipo f Self and Otherc learly seems ual, but on closer scrutiny it splinters into further perceptions of Otherness This is reflected in the fragmented style of writing, which is often multi-layered, scattered with synchronic flashbacks symbolic references surreail mages and imagined interludes.
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Obeid, Michelle. "Close bonds : kinship, politics and livelihoods in a Lebanese village." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.436128.
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Jawaid, Naveen Q. (Naveen Qamar). "The Lebanese schism? : understanding localities of microcredit, poverty, and politics." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/59745.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2010.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 110-115).
The widespread popularity of microfinance as a "win-win" solution to global poverty alleviation has significantly limited debate and dialogue around contesting viewpoints, program structures, and implementation norms. The present microcredit industry in Lebanon offers an authoritative space for practitioners to explore a differing microcredit model as implemented by a Hezbollah affiliated NGO, Al Qard Al Hassan Association. As one of the oldest and largest microcredit institutions in the Middle East, I argue that the perceived Lebanese schism allows us to explore the role in which organizational diversity has enabled a reinterpretation and an opportunity to revisit microcredit as a poverty alleviation tool in the context of the Southern Suburbs of Beirut. The country of Lebanon also offers a new locality in which development planners can explore how an NGO grassroots program, Al Majmoua, and how an institution, Hezbollah, that began as a grassroots political movement for the community and is now in many ways of the state, implement successful microcredit programs. Through the lens of Lebanese microcredit professionals and borrowers of the programs, this study explores how a hybrid narrative of microcredit has escaped industry isomorphism in Lebanon and how social capital has been created, managed, and reproduced.
by Naveen Q. Jawaid.
M.C.P.
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Mourad, Fatima. "Anti-Systemic Departures in Lebanese-Canadian Writing: Mouawad and Hage." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/41259.
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This thesis examines the antisystemic writing of Wajdi Mouawad and Rawi Hage, two of the most compelling authors to emerge out of the Lebanese-Canadian diaspora. In their Canadian setting, the writers’ politics of unbelonging serves a countercultural purpose by rearticulating the race, class, and gender disparities eschewed in multicultural discourse. As writers of a growing Lebanese diaspora, they recall the collective injuries sustained during the Lebanese civil war (1975-1990) and which remain underexamined by Lebanese society and government. In this way, Mouawad and Hage assume a subversive position in both the Lebanese and the Canadian contexts by reinscribing histories and experiences that risk erasure.
In my analysis of Mouawad’s play Scorched and Mouawad’s novels De Niro’s Game and Cockroach, the differential allocation of precarity and grievability proves the common thread that runs through all three texts. Mouawad and Hage’s representation of their character’s disproportionate exposure to harm and suffering coincides with the broader claims of antisystemic politics. My intervention brackets these texts’ thematic concerns with the critical theories that best explain some of Mouawad and Hage’s more radical depictions of immigrants under duress.
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Nötzold, Katharina. "Defining the nation? Lebanese television and political elites, 1990 - 2005." Berlin Frank & Timme, 2007. http://d-nb.info/99559340X/04.
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Baghdadi, Fadi. "Abnaa’u Marj el-Zhour: Lebanese Migration and Citizenship in Wollongong." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/20697.
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The confessional system in Lebanon was designed in response to the diversity of cultures and religions in Lebanon’s sectarian society. However, Lebanese immigrant communities are commonly understood through their shared national identity. In Australia, the majority of Lebanese migrants emigrated from Northern Lebanon and settled in Western Sydney. This has resulted in the dominant image of Lebanese living in Australia constructed academically and discursively in the national imaginary through the experiences of Western Sydney Lebanese who emigrated from Northern Lebanon. Drawing on 38 semi-structured interviews from four generations of Lebanese migrants from Marj el-Zhour living in Wollongong, this study explores how Lebanese Muslim migrants living in Wollongong maintain the social relations of their transnational diaspora village, navigate questions surrounding their citizenship and political loyalty, and form their own localised ethnic and religious identities in the contemporary globalised multicultural nation-state. Like many high immigrant intake Western nations, Australia’s immigration policy in the 1970s and 1980s was one which asked unskilled migrants to assimilate and succumb to their proletarianization. However, a fundamental morality of social reciprocity fostered in the village of Marj el-Zhour, challenged the process of individuation and independence promoted by an individualist Australian capitalism. I draw on Pierre Bourdieu’s theoretical framework of field, habitus, capital, and illusio to understand how the social relations of reciprocity that are fostered in Marj el-Zhour continue to orient and guide the migrants when navigating the new social, political, and economic environments they entered in the migration process. Migration studies documents the ways multicultural societies are comprised through the formation of ethnic communities. Drawing on the theoretical framework of Renato Rosaldo, I chart the increasing visibility of Lebanese ethnicity as marking one culturally visible and therefore signifying their distance from the dominant Anglo-Celtic culture of Australian society. Following the events of the 9/11 Islamist terrorist attacks in New York, international migration was increasingly framed as a security problem in the West and debate about Muslim difference in Australia and throughout the western world shifted from a discussion about cultural compatibility to a politics of loyalty. The marrying of a “security threat” and “politics of loyalty” symbolised through a transnationalised Muslim Other marks Lebanese Muslim citizens as visible through an essentialised cultural difference. In this environment, there is a conditionality of Muslim citizenship on the basis Muslim citizens continuously demonstrate their loyalty to the nation-state. This loyalty is signified by their commitment to achieving cultural invisibility. Therefore, I explore the various strategies Lebanese Muslims adopt to reduce their distance from the dominant Anglo-Celtic culture and overcome the conditionality of the citizenship in Australian society. However, Lebanese Muslim migrants living in Wollongong are not merely victims who endure, lacking agency in a social field which internationalises the conditionality of their citizenship. Rather, by understanding their experiences through the enduring influence of a culture of moral reciprocity and the generative properties of the habitus, I illustrate the ways Lebanese Muslim migrants in Wollongong actively engage with and affect social change in Australian society.
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Daccache, Rudy. "Interest Rate and Liquidity Risk Management for Lebanese Commercial Banks." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10100/document.
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L'objectif de cette thèse est de fournir à la Banque Audi des outils économétriques et appliqués pour une gestion des risques plus efficace et plus robuste. Les banques libanaises sont aujourd'hui confrontées à des défis plus importants que jamais: l'avenir de la région Moyen-Orient repose sur les conséquences de la guerre civile syrienne. Dans ce contexte, la gestion des taux d'intérêt et de la liquidité s'avère de plus en plus compliqué pour les banques commerciales. En premier lieu, le risque de taux d'intérêt sur le marché libanais sera étudié. Ce marché est connu pour son manque de liquidité et le problème de calibrage des modèles de taux est difficile. Afin de résoudre ce problème, nous utilisons les prix historiques des obligations émises par le gouvernement libanais et libellées en monnaie locale et en dollars américains. Nous considérons des modèles de Nelson-Siegel et Svensson et contraignons le niveau corrélation des facteurs pour stabiliser l'estimation des paramètres de ces modèles. La méthode conduit à des résultats qui s'interprètent très facilement d'un point de vue économique et peuvent être utilisés pour la prévision des variations de la courbe des taux en se basant une analyse ´économique prospective. En second lieu, la problématique des dépôts des clients traditionnels sera étudiée. Ces derniers sont reconnus comme étant la source principale de financement des banques commerciales libanaises (80-85% du passif). Bien qu'ils soient contractuellement des dépôts à court terme (principalement un mois) versant des taux d'intérêt fixes, ces dépôts sont assimilés à une source de financement stable possédant un comportement proche des taux d'intérêt du marché. Nous développons un modèle à correction d'erreur représentant un équilibre à long terme entre le Libor et le taux moyen du secteur bancaire libanais offert sur les dépôts en dollars américains. Les résultats permettent de déterminer une date de réévaluation des dépôts clientèles en cas de fluctuation des taux d'intérêt. Une nouvelle duration du passif tenant compte des comportements des clients a été mise en place. Elle sera par construction plus élevée que la duration contractuelle. En cas de hausse des taux d'intérêt, une baisse de l'écart entre la duration des actifs et des passifs sera alors observée menant à la diminution de l'impact négatif de la hausse. Après avoir étudié le profil de risque des taux des dépôts clientèles, nous commençons la deuxième partie de la thèse par la détermination de l'échéancier des retraits. Nous segmentons les données historiques des données sur les dépôts clientèles selon: la monnaie, le type de dépôt et la résidence du déposant. Pour chaque filtre, un modèle `a correction d'erreur est développé. Les résultats montrent la relation entre les dépôts clientèles, un indicateur relatif du niveau économique et les écarts entre les taux offerts sur le marché libanais. Ainsi, le modèle permettra d'évaluer le comportement des retraits des dépôts clientèles et de comprendre leur profil de risque de liquidité. Les grandes institutions financières détiennent des positions importantes en actifs financiers. La dernière partie de la thèse discute de la gestion du risque de liquidité de marché en cas de session forcée de ces actifs. Nous supposons qu'un investisseur détient une position importante d'un actif donné, à t = 0, un choc sévère provoque une forte dépréciation de la valeur de l'actif et par conséquent, force l'investisseur à opter pour la liquidation du portefeuille dès que possible en limitant ses pertes. Les rendements des actions sont modélisés par des processus de type GARCH qui sont adaptés pour décrire des comportements extrêmes suite à une grande variation de l'actif au temps initial. Suivant que le marché est liquide ou illiquide, nous proposons une stratégie optimale à l'investisseur qui maximise sa fonction d'utilité. Enfin, nous intégrons dans le modèle un avis d'expert pour optimiser la prise d'une décisionThe aim of this thesis is to provide Bank Audi with econometric tools for sake of a more robust risk management. Lebanese businesses today are faced with greater challenges than ever before, both economical and political, and there is a question about the future of the middle east region after the Syrian civil war. Thus, Lebanese commercial banks face greater complications in the management of interest rate and liquidity risk. The first part of this thesis discusses interest rate risk management and measurement in the Lebanese market. First, we seek to build the Lebanese term structure. This market is known by its illiquidity, yields for a given maturity make a large jump with a small impact on other yields even if close to this maturity. Therefore, we face challenges in calibrating existing yield curve models. For this matter, we get historical prices of bonds issued by the Lebanese government, and denominated in Local currency and in US dollar. A new estimation method has been added to Nelson Siegel and Svensson model, we call it “Correlation Constraint Approach”. Model parameters can be interpreted from economical perspective which will be helpful in forecasting yield curve movements based on economist’s opinion. On the second hand, traditional customer deposits are the main funding source of Lebanese commercial banks (80-85% of liabilities). Although they are contractually short term (mainly one month) paying fixed interest rates, these deposits are historically known to be a stable source of funding and therefore exhibit a sticky behavior to changes in market interest rates. We develop an error correction model showing a long-run equilibrium between Libor and Lebanese banking sector average rate offered on USD deposits. Results make it possible to determine the behavioral duration (repricing date) of customer deposits when market interest rates fluctuate. Therefore, the behavioral duration of liabilities will be higher than the contractual one which will lower the duration gap between assets and liabilities and thus the negative impact of positive interest rate shocks. After understanding interest risk profile of customers’ deposits, we start the second part by determining their behavioral liquidation maturity. We get Bank Audi’s historical deposits outstanding balances filtered into the following categories: currency, account typology and residency of depositor. We develop an error correction model for each filter. Results show relationship between deposits behaviors, the coincident indicator and spreads between offered rates in the Lebanese market. The model will lead to assess behavioral liquidation maturity to deposits and understand their liquidity risk profile. This will be helpful for the funding liquidity risk management at Bank Audi. Large financial institutions are supposed to hold large positions of given assets. The last topic is related to market liquidity risk management. We suppose an investor holds a large position of a given asset. Then at time 0, a severe shock causes a large depreciation of the asset value and makes the investor decides to liquidate the portfolio as soon as possible with limited losses. Stock returns are modeled by GARCH process which has tail behaviors after large variation at time 0. Trading on liquid and illiquid markets, we provide the trader with best exit trading strategy maximizing his utility function, finally we incorporate into the model an expert opinion which will help the investor in taking the decision
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Pozzi, Mucelli Francesca <1993>. "The vulnerable case of domestic workers in the Lebanese context." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/14206.
Full textAbstract:
The presence of domestic workers in Lebanon is not a recent phenomenon, as even before the civil war, Lebanese households hired young women from the neighbouring countries, such as Syria or Egypt.
The situation changed after the civil war as a massive influx of foreign labour, mainly from Asia and Africa, arrived. This thesis aims to highlight the forms and implications of the growing role these individuals occupy in the Lebanese labour market, characterized by a phenomenon of ethnicization of certain sectors of activity. It will be assessed the impact of the presence of this foreign labour on the market and on the population in which ethnic and religious tensions exist. As Lebanon has caught the spotlight for the mistreatment of women domestic workers, the thesis will investigate the factors that contribute to this exploitation, by examining the working and the living conditions of these women, as well as the role of the Kafala system and the recruitment agencies.
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DE, CORATO Patrizia. "BUSINESS REPORTING AND GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION:THE CASE OF LEBANESE TELECOM SECTOR." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Ferrara, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11392/2388970.
Full textAbstract:
For hundreds of years, the financial has been the only focus of corporate reporting. In recent times, business reporting has increasingly become an important development in the field of corporate disclosure for external stakeholders, which has attracted interest also by institutions and regulators.
Accordingly, this work aims to analyze and better understand the underlying reasons of government intervention in business reporting and non-financial performance measurements, using the Lebanese context as case study.
In Chapter 1, the thesis looks at the rationales, rules, and actions for public sector intervention in the accounting and business reporting.
Then, in Chapter 2 the study carries out an extensive review of relevant academic literature in order to locate and evaluate the findings of the present work within a theoretical framework. In this Chapter, the factors affecting the national accounting, the reporting system and their functioning are described. Government intervention in accounting and business reporting is approached under three different research approaches, i.e. the public interest theory, the institutional theory, and the political economy theory.
In Chapter 3, the Lebanese institutional context is described in order to provide an understanding of the national accounting context and the associated regulatory environment.
In Chapter 4, the thesis examines more in depth a Lebanese case of business reporting, where the Government has decided to impose mandatory ad hoc non-financial measurements and disclosures on Telecom Companies for control and incentive purposes. The primary research method is based on surveys that have been sent first to the Government (Ministry of Telecommunications), and then to the two private mobile
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operator companies (MIC1 and MIC2), which are managing the state-owned network through fiduciary management contracts. The research is also carried out using semi-structured interviews to, and email exchanges with, the main institutional and corporate actors. The conceptual framework applied for understanding Key Performance Indicators and their disclosure is rooted on the Concept Paper of WICI (World Intellectual Capital Initiative) Network titled “KPIs in Business Reporting” (www.wici-global.com) as well as on the WICI KPIs for Telecommunication sector. The Chapter investigates how the Lebanese government has addressed the issue of transparency and ensuring financial and non-financial reporting compliance, as well as its preferential reasons for an interventionist approach, which reflects the today’s growing importance of State presence in the field of Business Reporting rather than in the more “traditional” Financial Reporting.
In Chapter 5, the research questions are reviewed, and compared and contrasted with the findings of the work. Answers, explanations, and justifications in relation to the literature review are provided. A general assessment of Lebanese government intervention in business reporting is undertaken to evaluate how successful such governmental decision and action have been on improving the performance of the Lebanese telecom sector. The Lebanese is considered to be an interesting case, because it addresses a government’s call for more information on Telecom companies’ “hidden” factors and wealth, which - through selected KPIs - has had the unintended consequence of bringing about and making emerge a new knowledge and pattern of visibility on corporate intangibles in a geographical region where official guidelines on IC Reporting are still absent.
There is clearly a great deal of further research work to be done in the Middle East region, if we are to increase our understanding of the ways in which IC reporting can work in these national and organizational settings, while contributing to a better transparency and economic development of that geo-economic area.
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Gates, G. L. "The formation of the political economy of modern Lebanon : the state and the economy from colonialism to independence, 1939-1952." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.354780.
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Antoun, R. D. "The impact of war on the Lebanese administration : a study of administrative disruption." Thesis, University of York, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233192.
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Hughes, Ann. "(Im)partiality, politics and peacekeeping : the United Nations Observation Group in Lebanon, 1958." Thesis, Keele University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.344054.
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Arzūnī, Khalīl Ḍāhir Masʻūd. "al-Hijrah al-Lubnānīyah ilá al-Kuwayt, 1915-1990." Bayrūt : Maktabat al-Faqīh, 1994. http://books.google.com/books?id=-2tIAAAAMAAJ.
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Saab, Nadine. "Voluntary Motherhood? : a study on seven Lebanese SOS Children’s Village Mothers." Thesis, University of Gävle, Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-402.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this project is to study the women involved in the SOS Children’s Villages; the influence of the association on their views on life, as seen from a human-rights and a religious perspective. Questions such as why they chose to work with the association and what it gives them to do so are treated in this study.
My goal has been to study and present different aspects of something so important, but yet so unfamiliar. The method used in this project is minor field studies, which means visiting the villages, living with the families and observing their daily lives. The means of acquiring the information necessary for this study is by qualitative interviews with the mothers.
A theoretical framework has been used as a complement to the study, and it is also used to bring greater understanding to the SOS mothers and how they have shaped their lives.
My ambition with this essay is to bring out their individual experiences on how they view their own lives at present and what meaning life has given them. I have used seven of the 14 interviews conducted.
The outcome shows that several factors play important roles as to why the mothers decided to work with the association. Such factors were socioeconomic and sociopsyhologic factors. Other conclusions that were drawn after this field trip were that the women are very vulnerable to the social situation in Lebanon. They need someone to support them since the men are the primary providers. If the women do not find someone to marry they need to find another source for provision and the SOS children’s Association is one way to go. The sense of Coherence that these women had was indeed strong, they felt meaningfulness in what they did, they had comprehended the situations at hand and could manage the situations as predictable, and they have the confidence to know that everything will work out in the best way possible.
Uppsatsen har givits ut som bok 2009 med titeln: "Lebanese SOS Children's Villages: Stories of the village mothers" av VDM Verlag, Saarbrücken.
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Sengul, Irem. "The Lebanese-syrian Relations Between 1989-2005: The Changes And Continuities." Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613456/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of this thesis is to analyze the bilateral relations between Lebanon
and Syria between the years 1989-2005. In the defined time period, the Lebanese-Syrian
relations were characterized by the establishment and fall of the Syrian domination over
Lebanon. This study focuses on this transformation in their relations and mainly
questions how the Lebanese-Syrian relations were transformed, how it affected and in
turn were affected by the broader regional setting.
Accordingly, the thesis is consistent of four main parts. In each historically
divided time period, the major determinants of the direction of their relations and the
changes and continuities in regard to these determinants are investigated. In the first
part, the study focuses on the historical evolution of their relations with due attention to
the dispatchment of Lebanon from Greater Syria and post-independence period. In the
second part, their relations are analyzed in the era of Lebanese civil war which also
signifies the beginning of active and effective Syrian involvement in Lebanese affairs.
The third part encompasses the period of unquestioned Syrian domination over Lebanon
in the post-civil war period up until the year 2000. In the fourth part, the changes in the
direction of their relations studied in relate to the role of changing international and
regional environment in affecting their relations.
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El-Husseini, Ali. "The relationship between classroom behaviour and proficiency : a Lebanese case study." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386711.
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Saleh, Elizabeth. "Trade-marking tradition : an ethnographic study of the Lebanese wine industry." Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 2014. http://research.gold.ac.uk/11042/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is an ethnographic study of Lebanese wine producers and their on-going efforts to create and sustain a niche in the international market for their high quality wines. By focusing upon enterprising strategies deployed within the Lebanese wine industry and on the types of work relations that are formed, I explore how knowledge required for the construction of a market entails a capacity to (re)produce it as a social reality. In so doing, I pay particular attention to the change in work-related and familial bodies of knowledge in the Kefraya region of the Bekaa Valley, a major wine-growing hub in Lebanon. Villagers in Kefraya have sold their grapes to wineries across Lebanon since the first harvest of the early plantations of the 1950s, which was initiated by a member of the urban mercantile elite whose family owned land in the region. Part of my analysis considers the history Lebanese wine production and its modernization as part of a wider and much longer project of French cultural hegemony in the region that pre-exist even the French Mandate of the early twentieth century; it can be traced back to the sericulture industry of the seventeenth century. Entangled with the French hegemony are the political and economic interests of local actors with extensive trade networks extending well beyond the peripheries of the rural plains of the Bekaa, the urban port of Beirut, and into the very heart of Europe. I argue that the current enthusiasm for the production of high quality wines by elite urban entrepreneurs speaks of a history of social transformation and shifts in perceptions of place. Here the discourse of nature that shape the production of quality wines also fits within an understanding of history and the market, where practices of winegrowing not adhering to standards that serve as elitist markers for singularity and authenticity result in lower rankings or failure to be classified as wine at all.
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Baroud, Fawzi. "The development of e-learning in a Lebanese higher education context." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2011. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/20607/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines the experience of faculty members, academic administrators and students at Notre Dame University-Louaize (NDU), Lebanon in the development process of e-leaming implementation for encouraging intellectual activity in teaching and learning. The research methodology consisted of an in-depth single-case study which was adopted to drill down into the e-leaming implementation process centering on analyzing the attitudes and views of faculty members and academic administrators. In addition, students' learning styles and preferences together with their views on how their teachers use technology in teaching were examined. The total sample of the study was 203 faculty members, 18 academic administrators, and 259 students. Both qualitative and quantitative methods of data gathering were employed including two questionnaires administered to faculty members, interviews with academic administrators, interviews conducted with faculty members, and a questionnaire administered to students. Document analysis of meeting minutes and strategic planning was conducted to complement interviews and questionnaire data obtained from faculty members and academic administrators. Main results showed that institutional processes involved several steps for implementing e-leaming. Change in leadership resulted in change in the direction of e-leaming implementation, indicating the role of the culture of the institution in the context of change. The most important element in the process of implementing e-leaming was the transition from one phase to another through training and faculty members' participation in the e-leaming implementation process suggesting the significance of these factors in the change process. A key theme that arose from the research findings was the need to create a culture of engagement in the process of change. Other key factors which have facilitated the process of implementing e-leaming were analyzed. Initiatives to implement e-leaming were partly offset by the lack of written policies that will determine the use of e-leaming in the educational process. Faculty members revealed the concern that training should take into consideration how to use technology in teaching. Moreover, academic administrators emphasized the need to develop e-leaming policies. The study showed that the methods of teaching and students' learning styles are two distant areas and drawing links between the two needs adaptation and further inquiry. Contributions to knowledge and the limitations of the study are discussed. Recommendations for implementing e-leaming and carrying out future research are provided.