Academic literature on the topic 'Least Recently Sent'
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Journal articles on the topic "Least Recently Sent"
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Shoemaker, Candice A., and P. Diane Relf. "Attitudes of Consumers and Recently Bereaved Toward Sympathy Flowers." HortScience 29, no. 8 (August 1994): 914–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.8.914.
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Surveys of consumers and the recently bereaved were conducted to determine who sends flowers as a sympathy gift and when and why sympathy flowers are sent. Of consumers, 85% sent flowers as a sympathy gift at least once; similarly, 84% of the recently bereaved had sent sympathy flowers. Most sympathy flowers are sent to close friends (63%) and close family members (62%), and sympathy flowers are most often received from close friends (56%) and close family members (43%). Ninety-three percent send flowers as a sympathy gift immediately after notification of a death. According to our survey, sympathy flowers serve two roles in the bereavement process—an emotional and a functional role. Except contact of family and friends, participants indicated that receiving sympathy flowers to help deal with grief was equally or more valuable than all rituals associated with funerals.
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Kareem Salim, Sarah, Mohammed Majid Msallam, and Huda Ismail Olewi. "Hide text in an image using Blowfish algorithm and development of least significant bit technique." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 29, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 339. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v29.i1.pp339-347.
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Recently, there is increasing interest in data transfer between many different devices. Data must be encrypted before being sent so that the intended receiver can only read it to prevent unauthorized access and processing of a secret message. This paper suggests two levels of security to secure import messages that are sent via the internet. A secret text is encrypted by a Blowfish algorithm, then the secret text is hidden in an image by the least significant bit (LSB) technique. The LSB method of concealing important information was developed to conceal at least the first of at least two bits, depending on the cover data. The resolution of an image is raised in our work where the sender selects a stego image with a high peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR). The receiver knows all the necessary information for decoding by the first nine pixels. The PSNR is used for evaluating the resolution of the image to check robustness at sending. The number of PSNR illustrates in our proposal that the resolution of the image is near the original LSB technique, but the embedding is more randomly robust in steganography.
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Wolf, Thomas M., Howard M. Randall, and John M. Faucett. "A Survey of Health Promotion Programs in U.S. and Canadian Medical Schools." American Journal of Health Promotion 3, no. 1 (June 1988): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4278/0890-1171-3.1.33.
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A health promotion and wellness survey questionnaire was sent to all 143 accredited medical schools in the United States, Canada, and Puerto Rico. Of the 120 responding schools, 29 (24.2%) offer health promotion programs and 91 (75.8%) do not; most programs began only recently (average 5.42 years). Nineteen schools plan to begin programs soon. Most emphasized in the programs is physical well-being and least emphasized is spiritual well-being. Over 50% of the schools offer these components: study skills (62.1%), support groups (62.1%), time management (58.6%), aerobics (55.2%), intramural sports (55.2%), and financial planning (51.7%). Most programs are administered by the Dean of Student Affairs, 48.3% have a budget, and 51.7% have an evaluation component. All schools with programs expressed an interest in developing a network to share information. Emphasizing health promotion and disease prevention throughout medical education is important, particularly as an approach to enhancing the doctor-patient relationship.
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MURAO, SATOSHI, FUMITAKA NISHIYAMA, and SOTHAM SIENG. "PRELIMINARY STUDY OF RIVER WATER IN GOLD MINING AREAS OF CAMBODIA." International Journal of PIXE 14, no. 03n04 (January 2004): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129083504000161.
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In Cambodia, artisanal mining has recently come to a social concern because of the possibility to cause environmental degradation and human health problems. The General Department of Mineral Resources of Cambodia is collecting environmental specimens in mining sites to watch the situation. This time, four water samples from Sampov Loon and one from Memong mining site were sent from the Department to Hiroshima University, Japan, and the samples were analyzed by means of PIXE at the University. A volume of 10 μl from each sample was separated and dropped onto 4 μm polypropylene backing foil. The measurement was carried out by using 2.5 MV single-ended Van de Graaff accelerator. A Si(Li) detector (active area, 80mm2; sensitive depth, 5mm; Be -window's thickness, 25 μm; resolution, 167 eV fwhm at 5.9 keV) was used for both of in vacuo PIXE and non-vacuum external beam PIXE measurement. A computer code PIXS was used for the quantification. The result indicates that there are at least two kinds of water in Sampov Loon and one of them possibly represents polluted condition.
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VELDE, FRANÇOIS R. "THE LIFE AND TIMES OF NICOLAS DUTOT." Journal of the History of Economic Thought 34, no. 1 (March 2012): 67–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1053837212000065.
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Nicolas Dutot (1684–1741) is an important figure for the history of economic thought, as a pioneer in monetary theory and price statistics, and for economic history, as a chronicler of John Law’s System. Yet, until recently, very little information about him was known, some of it incorrect. I present extensive research that reveals a remarkable career rising from humble origins and full of surprises. He spent his formative years in the ranks of the “ancienne finance” he was thought to despise, and then worked for the Chamber of Justice that he so decried in his writings, only to be sent to the Bastille for corruption. After working for Law’s Bank and then retiring quite comfortably, he continued to socialize with his pre-System financier and banker friends, at least for a while. He also joined a short-lived learned society and accumulated a substantial library that reveals much about his tastes and affinities. The portrait that emerges is at odds with the image of an honest accountant he tried to project, but also richer and more engaging.
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Xiao, Di, Min Li, and Hongying Zheng. "Smart Privacy Protection for Big Video Data Storage Based on Hierarchical Edge Computing." Sensors 20, no. 5 (March 10, 2020): 1517. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20051517.
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Recently, the rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoT) has led to an increasing exponential growth of non-scalar data (e.g., images, videos). Local services are far from satisfying storage requirements, and the cloud computing fails to effectively support heterogeneous distributed IoT environments, such as wireless sensor network. To effectively provide smart privacy protection for video data storage, we take full advantage of three patterns (multi-access edge computing, cloudlets and fog computing) of edge computing to design the hierarchical edge computing architecture, and propose a low-complexity and high-secure scheme based on it. The video is divided into three parts and stored in completely different facilities. Specifically, the most significant bits of key frames are directly stored in local sensor devices while the least significant bits of key frames are encrypted and sent to the semi-trusted cloudlets. The non-key frame is compressed with the two-layer parallel compressive sensing and encrypted by the 2D logistic-skew tent map and then transmitted to the cloud. Simulation experiments and theoretical analysis demonstrate that our proposed scheme can not only provide smart privacy protection for big video data storage based on the hierarchical edge computing, but also avoid increasing additional computation burden and storage pressure.
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Talbot, Jean-Noël. "The clinical impact of [18F]-FDG Pet during the opening year of a Pet centre." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 45, spe (September 2002): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132002000500009.
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We have evaluated the clinical impact of FDG-PET on patient staging and management during the opening year of our PET centre in France. A questionnaire, translation in French of the questionnaire used recently in California, was sent to the referring physician of each of the 476 patients who had at least one routine FDG-PET examination during the year 2000. Of 348 responses (response rate = 73%), the disease was upstaged in 26% of the cases and downstaged in 9%. Inter-modality management changes (change from a scheduled therapeutic modality for a different one) were reported in 37% of the cases and intra-modality changes in 9%. Those modification rates were respectively 38% and 7% in recurrence of colorectal cancer (153 patients), 47% and 7% in lung cancer (118 patients), 16% and 23% in lymphoma (43 patients), 25% and 6% in the staging of head and neck cancers (32 patients).When comparing with the similar studies performed in California, there were no significant differences between the rates of inter-modality management changes. In contrast, intra-modality management changes were less frequent in our survey, except for lymphoma. Globally, the clinical impact of FDG PET was similar, with a higher response rate to our survey (73% versus 35%); it was above the mean 31% rate of therapeutic modification derived from a recent tabulated summary in over 3400 patients.
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Isah, M. B., M. Abdulsalam, A. Bello, M. I. Ibrahim, A. Usman, A. Nasir, B. Abdulkadir, et al. "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Cross-Sectional Survey of the Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices (KAP) and Misconceptions in the General Population of Katsina State, Nigeria." UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR) 6, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 24–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.2161.004.
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Over six million cases of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) were reported globally by the second quarter of 2020. This study assessed the COVID-19 related knowledge, attitudes, practices and misconceptions in Katsina state, Nigeria. The study is across-sectional survey of 722 respondents using an electronic questionnaire through the WhatsApp media platform. One thousand five hundred questionnaires were sent to the general public with a response rate of 48%. Among the respondents, 60% were men, and 56% held bachelor’s degree and above. The respondents have good knowledge of COVID-19 (80% correct rate on questions related to knowledge). Being more educated is associated with both higher average COVID-19 knowledge score and positive COVID-19 related practices. Overall, >70% of the respondents have a positive attitude towards successful COVID-19 control. Male were more likely than female (Fisher’s exact test P value < 0.05) to have recently attended a crowded place. Among the respondents, 83% held at least one misconception related to COVID-19. Respondents at all levels of education frequently chose to trust health unit and health care workers for relevant COVID-19 information. In conclusion, although there is high COVID-19 related knowledge among the respondents, misconceptions are widespread among them. These misconceptions have consequences on the short- and long-term control efforts against the disease and hence should be incorporated in targeted campaigns. Healthcare related personnel should be at the forefront of the campaign. Keywords: COVID-19; knowledge; attitude; practices; misconceptions; Nigeria
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Ejdys, Joanna. "Factors Influencing Satisfaction and Future Intention to Use E-Learning at the University Level." Foresight and STI Governance 16, no. 2 (June 20, 2022): 52–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/2500-2597.2022.2.52.64.
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With the growing interest in e-education, particularly in the context of the pandemic, more scientific studies have been undertaken recently to analyze and identify factors influencing e-learning acceptance. Indeed, e-learning acceptance depends on many different factors, but no consensus has been reached on factors that contribute most to the acceptance of e-learning solutions. Consequently, this article ascertains the factors and their relationships behind the satisfaction and the future intention to use e-learning among Polish university students. From among the factors analyzed in the literature, the author examined the relationship between computer self-efficacy (CSE), facilitating conditions (FC), satisfaction (S) and the future intention to use e-learning (FI). Data were gathered using structured questionnaires and computer-assisted web interviewing (CAWI). Students at Bialystok University of Technology (Poland) were sent an electronic link to the questionnaires using the internal e-mail system. Eight hundred three forms were returned fully filled out. Aiming to ascertain the extent to which measured variables describe the number of constructs, the author made the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). The Generalized Least Squares (GLS) estimator was used to calculate the values of model parameters.The results confirmed that higher computer self-efficacy and better facilitation conditions result in greater user satisfaction with e-learning. However, facilitating conditions impact user satisfaction more than computer self-efficacy construct variables. Based on the findings, user satisfaction is a strong anticedents of the future intention to use e-learning.
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Morris, Bonny, Umit Topaloglu, Glenn Jay Lesser, Roy E. Strowd, Kathryn E. Weaver, Derek Sean Falk, and Ronny A. Bell. "Rural disparities in oncology patient portal enrollment and use." Journal of Clinical Oncology 40, no. 16_suppl (June 1, 2022): 6557. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.6557.
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6557 Background: Patient portals support patient access, engagement, and care coordination, yet could also widen the digital divide and exacerbate disparities among vulnerable populations. There is emerging evidence that racial/ethnic minority patients are less likely to use portals, yet prior research has not examined potential rural differences. We identified sociodemographic factors associated with portal enrollment and use among a racially and geographically diverse population of cancer patients. Methods: We retrospectively examined portal enrollment and use at an NCI-designated comprehensive cancer center from January 2015 until February 2022 among patients 18+ years old with a neoplastic disease diagnosis (ICD-10-CM C00-D49). Potential predictors included gender, race/ethnicity, marital status, age, rural (Rural-Urban Continuum Codes [RUCC] 4-9) vs nonrural (RUCC 1-3) residence, residential distance from the cancer center, and time since diagnosis. We used multivariable logistic regression to generate odds ratios (ORs) for portal enrollment and having ever sent a portal message, and Poisson regression to determine incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for number of logins and number of healthcare team interactions (portal messages or appointment requests), controlling for ICD-10 diagnosis (SAS 9.4). Results: We identified 11,333 patients (average age 67 years, 59% female, 24% rural, 10% Non-Hispanic Black, 1% Hispanic, 20% non-melanoma skin cancer, 14% breast cancer, 9% lung cancer). 36% of patients had enrolled in the portal, and of these, 80% had sent at least one message. Patients logged in a median of 203.5 times and had a median of 19 portal interactions. Rural residents were less likely to enroll in the portal than urban patients (28% vs 38%, p < 0.0001). Non-Hispanic Black patients and Hispanic/Latinx patients were less likely to enroll in the portal compared with non-Hispanic White patients (22% and 27%, respectively, vs 38.5%, p < 0.0001). Women, younger patients, more recently diagnosed cancer patients, and patients who were married/ partnered were significantly more likely to enroll. In multivariable analysis controlling for cancer type, rural patients were half as likely to enroll in the portal (OR: 0.48 [0.43-0.54]). Among those enrolled, rural residents were 25% less likely to have ever sent a portal message (OR: 0.75 [(0.62-0.92]), and had nearly half the login and interaction rates (IRR: 0.66 [0.66-0.67]; IRR: 0.58 [0.58-0.59], respectively). Patients who were Non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, or unmarried were also significantly less likely to enroll or engage in the portal. Conclusions: Patient portals remain underutilized among cancer patients, despite an increased reliance on virtual communications in the COVID era. Interventions to support portal engagement among rural residents and racial/ethnic minority patients are needed to avoid potentially exacerbating health disparities.
Books on the topic "Least Recently Sent"
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Neskovic, Aleksandar N. Training for emergency echocardiography. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198726012.003.0070.
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Emergency echocardiography refers to the use of echocardiography in the assessment of patients with suspected cardiovascular disease requiring immediate diagnosis and treatment. The European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI) has recently set standards for adequate education and training for the safe and efficient use of echocardiography in emergency cardiac care. The level of competence in echocardiography required for emergency cases is at least the same as for elective cases and competence requirements for emergency echocardiography are the same for cardiologists and non-cardiologists. The EACVI recognizes two levels of competence in emergency echocardiography: the independent operator level and the expert operator level. This chapter discusses general considerations as well as requirements and levels of competence regarding training for emergency echocardiography.
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Afuah, Allan. Crowdsourcing: A Primer and Research Framework. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198816225.003.0002.
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Managers are regularly confronted with unsolved problems. If a manager knows who can solve a problem, they can assign the problem to the correct person to have it solved under an ex ante contract or other form of agreement/commitment, inside or outside the organization. If they do not know who can solve it, they can crowdsource it, broadcasting the problem to an undefined set of people (the crowd) to self-select and solve it with no ex ante contract or other commitment. Although the practice of crowdsourcing goes back to at least the Longitude Prize of 1714, research on the phenomenon has only recently flourished, thanks, in part, to advances in information technology, globalization, and other macro-environmental factors. This chapter presents a crowdsourcing primer and framework with the goal of providing management scholars with some of the fundamentals needed to pursue their research interests in this compelling phenomenon.
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Worsnip, Alex. What is (In)coherence? Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198823841.003.0009.
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Philosophers have recently been increasingly attentive to “coherence requirements,” with heated debates about both the content of such requirements and their “normativity” (i.e., whether there is necessarily reason to obey them). Yet there is little work on the metanormative status of coherence requirements. Metaphysically: what is it for two or more mental states to be jointly incoherent, such that they are banned by a coherence requirement? In virtue of what are some putative requirements genuine and others not? Epistemologically: how are we to know which requirements are genuine and which are not? This chapter offers an account that tries to answer these questions. On this account, the incoherence of a set of attitudes is a matter of its being constitutive of the attitudes in question that any agent who holds these attitudes jointly is disposed, when conditions of full transparency are met, to give at least one of them up.
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Fitzgerald, Des, and Felicity Callard. Entangling the Medical Humanities. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474400046.003.0001.
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The medical humanities are at a critical juncture. On the one hand, practitioners of this field can bask in their recent successes: in the UK, at least, what was once a loose set of intuitions – broadly about animating the clinical and research spaces of biomedicine with concepts and methods from the humanities – has become a visible and coherent set of interventions, with its own journals, conferences, centres, funding streams and students. On the other hand, the growth, coherence and stratification of this heterogeneous domain have raised the spectre of just what, exactly, the medical humanities is growing into. In particular, scholars have begun to worry that the success of the medical humanities is tied up with being useful to biomedicine, that the medical humanities has been able to establish itself only by appearing as the domain of pleasant (but more or less inconsequential) helpmeets.
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Michie, Jonathan, Joseph R. Blasi, and Carlo Borzaga, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Mutual, Co-Operative, and Co-Owned Business. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199684977.001.0001.
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This handbook investigates ‘member-owned’ organizations, whether consumer co-operatives, agricultural and producer co-operatives, worker co-operatives, mutual building societies, friendly societies, credit unions, solidarity organizations, mutual insurance companies, or employee-owned companies. Such organizations can be owned by the consumers, producers, or employees—whether through single-stakeholder or multi-stakeholder ownership. ‘Employee-owned’ business means businesses where a significant proportion of the company is owned by its employees, whether as individual shareholders or through a trust, or some combination of the two; ‘significant’ is generally taken as at least 25 per cent. This complex set of organizations is named differently across countries: from ‘mutuals’ in the United Kingdom, to ‘solidarity co-operatives’ in Latin America. In some countries, such organizations are not officially recognized. For the sake of clarity, the handbook will refer to member-owned organizations to encompass the variety of non-investor-owned organizations, and in the national case-study chapters the terms used will be those most widely employed in that country. These alternative corporate forms have emerged in a variety of economic sectors in almost all advanced economies since the time of the Industrial Revolution and the development of capitalism, through the subsequent creation and dominance of the limited liability company. Until recently, these organizations were generally regarded as a rather marginal component of the economy. However, in recent years, they have come to be seen in some countries as potentially attractive in light of their ability to tackle various economic and social concerns, and their relative resilience during the financial and economic crises of 2007–2016.
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Oliveira Junior, Marcio de, and Paulo Burnier da Silveira. Guidelines as a Tool to Promote Competition Enforcement in Brazil. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198810674.003.0015.
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This chapter presents CADE’s experience with the use of guidelines to promote competition enforcement in Brazil. This instrument enables competition authorities to send clear messages to the private sector and strengthen legal certainty in the application of competition legislation. In recent years, CADE has issued a few new competition guidelines, namely for compliance programmes, leniency agreements, settlement agreements, and gun jumping. In addition, the former Merger Horizontal Guidelines have been replaced, and at least one other guideline is in the pipeline for merger remedies. These guidelines shed light on key aspects of CADE’s understanding of the Brazilian national legislation, concerning both substance and procedure issues. The chapter concludes by stressing that these guidelines are often well perceived by the local competition community, as their draft versions previously gather private inputs through public consultations, reflect the enforcer’s perspective, and enable greater predictability in the application of Brazilian Competition Law.
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Stone, Michael E. Secret Groups in Ancient Judaism. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190842383.001.0001.
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The thesis advanced in this work is that the model of a secret or esoteric group is fruitful for studying various movements and groups in the Greco–Roman world. This is worked out in the extremely interesting case of the Essenes and the Qumran covenanters, for which we have available not only outsider descriptions but also the very documents that embody at least part of their secret teachings. This approach to analysis is not intended to supplant the sect/normative pattern for describing Ancient Judaism, but to supplement it, adding a very fruitful unexplored dimension to the analysis of ancient Jewish society. By attributing, in the footsteps of Georg Simmel, and more recently L. Hazelrigg, the organization and dynamic of secret societies to the need to guard the secret knowledge, it provides ways of understanding the organization and practice of the Qumran covenanters Essene sect, which were previously unperceived. Having established the theoretical framework, having shown that such groups existed in both non-Jewish and Jewish society in the Greco–Roman world, the book then proceeds to analyze in detail the working out of this dynamic in the cases of the Therapeutae and the Essenes, supplementing this with investigation of whether there is evidence for this same dynamic elsewhere in Second Temple Jewish society. Moreover, this analysis bears on the overall “fit” of these groups in the society of the period, so richly endowed with names of and evidence for different groups in that society.
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Meade, Michelle L., Celia B. Harris, Penny Van Bergen, John Sutton, and Amanda J. Barnier, eds. Collaborative Remembering. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198737865.001.0001.
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Much information in our lives is remembered in a social context, as we often reminisce about shared experiences with others, and more generally remember in the social context of our communities and our cultures. Memory researchers across disciplines and subdisciplines are actively exploring collaborative remembering. However, despite this common interest and growing research area, there is currently relatively little crosstalk between perspectives. This is at least partly due to differences in the assumptions, methodologies, and conclusions that guide different approaches, and which can make it difficult to synthesize and compare methods and findings. The primary purpose of this book is to feature outstanding recent work on collaborative remembering across several fields and subfields (including developmental psychology, cognitive psychology, social psychology, discourse processing, philosophy, neuropsychology, design, and media studies), to highlight the points of overlap and contrast, and to initiate conversations and debate both within and across the various perspectives. Toward that end, we present a comprehensive and field-defining set of chapters that illustrate the many different perspectives of collaborative memory research, and demonstrate the nuance and complexity of collaborative remembering within and across research traditions.
Book chapters on the topic "Least Recently Sent"
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Holík, Lukáš, Juraj Síč, Lenka Turoňová, and Tomáš Vojnar. "Fast Matching of Regular Patterns with Synchronizing Counting." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 392–412. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-30829-1_19.
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AbstractFast matching of regular expressions with bounded repetition, aka counting, such as $$\texttt {(ab)\{50,100\}}$$ ( ab ) { 50 , 100 } , i.e., matching linear in the length of the text and independent of the repetition bounds, has been an open problem for at least two decades. We show that, for a wide class of regular expressions with counting, which we call synchronizing, fast matching is possible. We empirically show that the class covers nearly all counting used in usual applications of regex matching. This complexity result is based on an improvement and analysis of a recent matching algorithm that compiles regexes to deterministic counting-set automata (automata with registers that hold sets of numbers).
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Daloz, Anne Sophie. "Climate Change: A Growing Threat for Central Asia." In SpringerBriefs in Climate Studies, 15–21. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-29831-8_2.
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AbstractCentral Asia is highly vulnerable to climate change owing to a set of critical interactions between the region’s socio-economic and environmental contexts. While some of the Central Asian countries are among the states contributing the least to global greenhouse gas emissions, they are already suffering directly from the effects of climate change. This chapter presents an overview of the physical impacts of climate change in Central Asia using the most recent literature, including the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). It identifies climate change-related risks and sectoral vulnerabilities for the region, providing background information to serve as context for the later chapters.
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Khare, Sarth. "Gurgaon: Unfinished City, a photographic essay." In Embodying Peripheries, 258–73. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-661-2.12.
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As Gurgaon expands horizontally and vertically, it continues to transition from farms to urban villages to a concrete maze. This photographic project documents the growth of Gurgaon a city recently developed near India's capital, Delhi. It is a booming financial and industrial center, home to most Multinational Corporations (MNCs) and has third highest per-capita income in India. As its advocates often like to point out, Delhi’s booming neighbor has 1,100 high-rises, at least 30 malls and thousands of small and big industries. On the other hand, as its detractors unfailingly like to note, the dust bowl’s population has grown two and a half fold, it has 12-hour power blackouts, and its groundwater would probably not last beyond this decade. Gurgaon's transformation began sometime around 1996, with the advent of Genpact, then a business unit of General Electric. Other multinational companies followed it slowly thereafter. It helped that the city was a few kilometers away from Delhi. Two decades on, Gurgaon is already "on its deathbed." From 0.8 million in 2001, the city is expected to reach a population of 6.9 million in 2031. It is speckled with glass buildings with curtain walls, and swish apartment blocks with Greco-Roman influences, but there is little water or power for them. These numbers alone don’t capture the lived reality of Gurgaon, though. The skyline that its older residents were accustomed to has completely disappeared. And yet on the periphery, one sees the "Unfinished City" growing. The landscapes and flora shouting; their sentiments brutalized by evictions and concrete. Slaughtered farms now seem witness to monstrosity with desolate faces and fading memories. Set in 2014 the project explores the ephemerality of Gurgaon’s glamor and defective town planning. Families had been displaced, laborers’ children were growing up on heaps of cement, and farmlands had turned into things of memories.
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Titelbaum, Michael G. "Reason without Reasons For." In Oxford Studies in Metaethics Volume 14, 189–215. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198841449.003.0009.
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Metaethicists have recently devoted a great deal of attention to questions about when a fact counts as a reason for or against a particular conclusion, and how such reasons interact. Chapter 9 asks a broader question: When a set of facts counts in favor of some conclusion, is that always because at least one of those facts is a reason for that conclusion? Examples are offered in which a set supports a conclusion without any fact in that set’s being a reason for. The chapter then assesses the significance of such examples for philosophical methodology, the ‘reasons-first’ program, and metanormative realism.
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Abd-Elmotaal, Hussein A., Norbert Kühtreiber, Kurt Seitz, Bernhard Heck, and Hansjörg Kutterer. "Evaluation of the Recent African Gravity Databases V2.x." In International Association of Geodesy Symposia. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1345_2023_197.
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AbstractIn the framework of the activities of the IAG Sub-Commission on the gravity and geoid in Africa, a recent set of gravity databases has been established. They are namely: AFRGDB_V2.0 and AFRGDB_V2.2. The AFRGDB_V2.0 has been created using the window remove-restore technique employing EGM2008 as geopotential Earth model complete to degree and order 1800. The AFRGDB_V2.2 has been established using the Residual Terrain Model (RTM) reduction technique employing GOCE DIR_R5 complete to degree and order 280, using the best RTM reference surface. The available gravity data set for Africa, used to establish the above mentioned two independently derived databases, consists of shipborne, altimetry derived gravity anomalies and of land point gravity data. In particular, the data set of point gravity values shows clear deficits with regard to a homogeneous data coverage over the completely African continent. The establishment of the gravity databases has been carried-out using the weighted least-squares prediction technique, in which the point gravity data on land has got the highest precision, while the shipborne and altimetry gravity data got a moderate precision. In this paper a new gravity data set on land and on sea, which became recently available for the IAG Sub-Commission on the gravity and geoid in Africa, located partly in the gap areas of the data set used for generating the gravity databases, has been employed to evaluate the accuracy of the previously created gravity databases. The results show reasonable accuracy of the established gravity databases considering the large data gaps in Africa.
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K. Shah, Anuj, and Enrique Peacock-López. "Complex Dynamics of Competitive First Order Chemical Self-Replication." In Chaos Theory - Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Applications [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.108378.
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In most experimental conditions, the initial concentrations of a chemical system are at stoichiometric proportions, allowing us to eliminate at least one variable from the mathematical analysis. Under different initial conditions, we need to consider other manifolds defined by stoichiometry and the principle of conservation of mass. Therefore, a given set of initial conditions defines a dynamic manifold and the system, a tall times, has to satisfy a particular relation of its concentrations. To illustrate the relevance of the initial conditions in a dynamic analysis, we consider a chemical system consisting of two first-order self-replicating peptides competing for a common nucleophile in a semi-batch reactor. For the symmetric case, we find different complex oscillations for a given set of parameter values but different initial conditions.
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Duara, Prasenjit. "Epilogue." In Beyond Pan-Asianism, 460–66. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190129118.003.0016.
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The China–India field of study is a now a booming industry. Both comparisons and connections between the two giants are being researched and commented upon; more recently the relationship is being viewed in terms of their regional and global impact (Sen 2017). Why this is happening seems obvious enough, even if there are protests that such a procedure may be methodologically unsound. While population size (including the combined population), long histories, and broadly parallel modern developments are often cited to validate the study, the critics invoke the Himalayan barrier over millennia, entirely different political and social systems, and, not least, the vastly greater size of the contemporary Chinese economy compared to the Indian one....
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Bouarara, Hadj Ahmed, Reda Mohamed Hamou, and Amine Abdelmalek. "Enhanced Artificial Social Cockroaches (EASC) for Modern Information Retrieval." In Information Retrieval and Management, 928–60. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5191-1.ch040.
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This article deals on an improved version of the recently developed Artificial Social Cockroaches (ASC) algorithm based on several modifications. The EASC has as input a set of artificial cockroaches and N selected shelters. It is based on a random displacement step and a set of operators (selection cockroaches, shelter attraction, congener's attraction, shelter permutation). Each cockroach must be hidden in the shelter where it feels safer (evaluation function). In the recent years with the coming of the world wide web, the amount of unstructured documents available in the digital society increases and becomes easily accessible, all this has led that satisfy the needs of users in terms of relevant information has become a substantial problem in the scientific community. The second component of the authors' study is to apply the algorithm (EASC) as an information retrieval system using multilingual pre-processing and thesaurus to solve the problems of multilingual query and searching with synonymy. The relevant documents will be rendered as a list of ranked and classified documents from the most relevant to the least relevant. Lastly the authors apply the benchmark Medline and a series of valuation measures (precision, recall, f-measure, entropy, error, accuracy, specificity, TCR, ROC) for the experimentation, also they have compared their results with the outcomes of set of existed systems (social worker bees, taboo search, genetic algorithm, simulating annealing, naïve method). The third component of the authors' system is the visualization step that ensures the presentation of the result in the form of a cobweb with some realism to be understandable by users.
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Frolova, Natalia, and Evgeniy Frolov. "Estimation of Securities Positioning Efficiency in Commercial Banks." In Recent Applications of Financial Risk Modelling and Portfolio Management, 235–56. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-5083-0.ch012.
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The given research is devoted to the acute issue of efficiency of valuable assets positioning carried out by commercial banks. The chapter is aimed at examining factors that affect the efficiency of securities placement by commercial banks, as well as an econometric analysis based on the least squares method of the significance of the selected factors and their impact on the efficiency indicator. While researching this issue, the phenomenon of adaptability, which means the higher the price set, is in comparison with the medium price scale, the higher the underpricing at setting with corresponding other equal terms was singled out The methods of critical literature review, statistical analysis, and econometric model creation have been used to justify it. Moreover, the research resulted in model creation, which characterizes the state of a definite commercial bank to be ready for emission of assets by means of initial public offering.
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Dahl, Östen. "Grammaticalization in the languages of Europe." In Grammaticalization from a Typological Perspective, 79–96. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198795841.003.0005.
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The Eurocentric bias in most linguistic research makes it difficult to determine what is peculiar to grammaticalization in Europe. Typological profiles can be established, if not for Europe as a whole, at least for parts of it, in particular for what have been referred to as the ‘Standard Average European’ (SAE) languages. A small set of spreading grammaticalization processes have contributed significantly to the SAE profile. The chapter looks more closely at one of those processes—the rise of so-called ‘possessive perfects’, a development which has few close parallels outside Europe. As has been argued recently by other scholars, the link to possessive constructions is more problematic than has been assumed earlier. In connection with claims about the special nature of grammaticalization in East and Mainland Southeast Asia, some comparisons are made between that area and Europe, in support of the argument that the differences may be less radical than has been claimed.
Conference papers on the topic "Least Recently Sent"
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Teng, H., S. K. Bate, and D. W. Beardsmore. "Statistical Analysis of Residual Stress Profiles Using a Heuristic Method." In ASME 2008 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2008-61378.
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In this paper we present a recently developed heuristic method for statistical analysis of residual stress that is based on a combination of the weighted least-squares method and the application of expert judgement. The least-squares method allows a model of the best residual stress profile to be determined as a linear combination of basis functions; the expert knowledge gives the flexibility of applying expert judgement to determine the weights from the observed scatter in the residual stress data. The heuristic method has been applied to a set of measurement data of a Welded Bead-on-Plate specimen. The results show that with the heuristic method, it is possible to obtain less conservative residual stress profile to a known confidence level.
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Hummel, Halvard. "On Lower Bounds for Maximin Share Guarantees." In Thirty-Second International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-23}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2023/306.
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We study the problem of fairly allocating a set of indivisible items to a set of agents with additive valuations. Recently, Feige et al. (WINE'21) proved that a maximin share (MMS) allocation exists for all instances with n agents and no more than n + 5 items. Moreover, they proved that an MMS allocation is not guaranteed to exist for instances with 3 agents and at least 9 items, or n ≥ 4 agents and at least 3n + 3 items. In this work, we shrink the gap between these upper and lower bounds for guaranteed existence of MMS allocations. We prove that for any integer c > 0, there exists a number of agents n_c such that an MMS allocation exists for any instance with n ≥ n_c agents and at most n + c items, where n_c ≤ ⌊0.6597^c · c!⌋ for allocation of goods and n_c ≤ ⌊0.7838^c · c!⌋ for chores. Furthermore, we show that for n ≠ 3 agents, all instances with n + 6 goods have an MMS allocation.
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Rocha, Lucas B., Said Sadique Adi, and Eloi Araujo. "Specific Substring Problem: an application in bioinformatics." In XI Simpósio Brasileiro de Bioinformática. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/bsb_estendido.2018.8801.
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Given two sets of sequences A and B, the Substring Specific problem is to find all minimum substrings in A having distance at least k for each subsequence in B. This work addresses three new implementations for the Maaß algorithm when the Hamming distance is considered: a naive cubic-time algorithm and two quadratic-time algorithms. We run tests to compare the running time of these implementations and another recently described algorithm implementation that uses the edit distance. In addition, we conducted preliminary testing on a large Tara Ocean database, looking for efficient and effective strategies for finding unique sequences in a set of sequences comparing with the other
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Zhang, Xuchao, Liang Zhao, Arnold P. Boedihardjo, and Chang-Tien Lu. "Robust Regression via Heuristic Hard Thresholding." In Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2017/480.
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The presence of data noise and corruptions recently invokes increasing attention on Robust Least Squares Regression (RLSR), which addresses the fundamental problem that learns reliable regression coefficients when response variables can be arbitrarily corrupted. Until now, several important challenges still cannot be handled concurrently: 1) exact recovery guarantee of regression coefficients 2) difficulty in estimating the corruption ratio parameter; and 3) scalability to massive dataset. This paper proposes a novel Robust Least squares regression algorithm via Heuristic Hard thresholding (RLHH), that concurrently addresses all the above challenges. Specifically, the algorithm alternately optimizes the regression coefficients and estimates the optimal uncorrupted set via heuristic hard thresholding without corruption ratio parameter until it converges. We also prove that our algorithm benefits from strong guarantees analogous to those of state-of-the-art methods in terms of convergence rates and recovery guarantees. We provide empirical evidence to demonstrate that the effectiveness of our new method is superior to that of existing methods in the recovery of both regression coefficients and uncorrupted sets, with very competitive efficiency.
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Desmulliez, M. P. Y., P. W. Foulk, and B. S. Wherrett. "Hybrid Technology for Optoelectronic Parallel Processing : Basic Considerations and Future Trends." In Optics in Computing. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oc.1997.otue.7.
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The combined exploitation of free-space optical interconnections and very large scale integrated (VLSI) electronics has recently allowed the construction of demonstrator systems [1,2] which exhibit on/off chip communication rates at least one order of magnitude greater than that of electronic systems. A recent article shows that the maximum on/off chip communication rate of the CMOS-SEED bitonic sorter built by the Scottish Collaboration Initiative in Optoelectronic Sciences (SCIOS) is 5.2 1011 pin-Hz [3]. This technology, called hybrid or smart-pixel-array technology, has provoked studies of the issues involved in determining the complexity of each processing element (the pixel) in order to optimize the overall system performance [3-5]. In order to contribute to the debate, the purpose of this article is fourfold: (i) to show that such performance relies on a small set of parameters which characterize the processing element in the optical and electronic domains as shown in table 1, (ii) to demonstrate that optimum performance lies in a narrow niche of the resulting parameter space, (iii) to indicate which technology has to be improved in order to harvest the full communication rate of such systems, and (iv) to outline an unexpected application for which the hybrid technology could contribute significantly.
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van Keulen, Fred, Vassili Toropov, and Valery Markine. "Recent Refinements in the Multi-Point Approximation Method in Conjunction With Adaptive Mesh Refinement." In ASME 1996 Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/96-detc/dac-1451.
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Abstract Application of the Multi-point Approximation Method (MAM) to structural optimization is considered. Structural analyses are performed by means of the finite element method with Adaptive Mesh Refinement (AMR). The required discretization errors are changed during the optimization process to achieve a higher computational efficiency. A straightforward combination of the MAM and AMR may yield complications, which are discussed in detail. Therefore, several modifications in the MAM are necessary. An alternative strategy for determining the explicit approximation functions using a weighted least-squares fitting is proposed. The applied weight coefficients reflect the levels of the discretization errors. The approximation functions are fitted with a sub-set of the available structural response analyses. An alternative move limit strategy is given. On the basis of several numerical examples it is shown that the proposed modifications improve the convergence characteristics of the MAM when combined with AMR. Moreover it is demonstrated that the proposed refinements are also beneficial for optimization of systems with noisy objective and constraint functions.
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Jin, Zhe, Q. J. Ge, and J. Rastegar. "On the Computation of Spatial Angular Orientation From Angular Position Sensor Data." In ASME 2005 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2005-85240.
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Recently, it has been discovered that RF waveguides can be used as onboard wireless sensors for the direct measurements of angular positions of a moving object and that a combination of RF waveguides may be used to measure full spatial angular orientation of the object. This paper deals with the computational issues that arise in resolving the spatial orientation from the measurement data of a set of RF waveguide sensors. The paper presents an algorithm that combines a heuristic search method with the least-squares approach for computing the full orientation of an object. The goal is to develop a general and efficient method for computing spatial orientation from the sensor data of a class of angular position sensors that have smooth sensor profiles.
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Grund, C. J., and E. W. Eloranta. "Optically Significant Cirrus Clouds may be Rendered "Invisible" to Space-borne Simple Lidar Systems." In Laser and Optical Remote Sensing: Instrumentation and Techniques. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/lors.1987.mc10.
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Recently, there has been much discussion among lidar researchers concerning the infinite solution set of extinction profiles which can be produced from a given simple-lidar backscatter profile1. This ambiguity is caused by the measured backscatter signal dependence on both the backscatter cross section and on the profile of extinction. Simple lidar systems produce only one measurement from which to deduce these two range-dependent parameters. Thus, simple lidar measurements must be augmented by additional measurements or knowledge of the physical relationship between backscatter and extinction before meaningful profiles of extinction can be produced. One simple lidar retrieval method assumes independent knowledge of extinction at at least one range and an assumed relationship between the backscatter cross section and extinction2. A second method seeks a common solution to several simple lidar profiles produced by observations at different viewing angles3,4,6.
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Hecher, Markus, and Rafael Kiesel. "The Impact of Structure in Answer Set Counting: Fighting Cycles and its Limits." In 20th International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning {KR-2023}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/kr.2023/34.
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Answer Set Programming is a widely used paradigm in knowledge representation and reasoning, which strongly relates to the satisfiability (SAT) of propositional formulas. While in the area of SAT the last couple of years brought significant advances and different techniques for solving hard counting-based problems (e.g., #SAT, weighted counting, projected counting) that require more effort than deciding satisfiability, ASP still falls short. Intuitively, one explanation for this lies in the structure of a program, that – compared to SAT – was shown to yield strong evidence for being slightly less useful during solving. Indeed, for the well-known structural measure treewidth that plays an important role in counting-based variants of SAT, ASP is expected to be at least slightly harder than SAT. The underlying source of this hardness increase lies in cyclic dependencies in the positive dependency graph. In this work, we consider which strategies are appropriate to tackle counting-based problems for ASP depending on cycle lengths. To this end, we present different encodings to counting-based variants of SAT that thereby directly utilize recent advances. For small cycle lengths, we demonstrate a novel strategy based on feedback vertex sets. While medium cycle lengths still leave room for future improvements, surprisingly, in case of cycles that are significantly larger than the structural dependencies (treewidth), we can even obtain a polynomial algorithm.
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Schaetter, Frank, Florian Haas, and Frank Morelli. "Inbound Supply Chain Resilience Analysis Based On Key Resilience Areas." In 37th ECMS International Conference on Modelling and Simulation. ECMS, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.7148/2023-0277.
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Supply chain resilience has moved up the corporate agenda in recent years, not least because of the number of crisis events that have caused supply chain disruptions. The aim of this paper is to shed light on the inbound supply chain and its strategic resilience status, using the resources already available to decision-makers within the organization. To do this, we translate a holistic set of previously developed Key Resilience Areas (KRAs) into concrete analytical steps to reveal weaknesses in the network in terms of vulnerable suppliers and materials. We illustrate our thinking with an example that focuses on the inbound side of a fictitious manufacturing company based in Hamburg, Germany.
Reports on the topic "Least Recently Sent"
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Collyer, Michael, Tahir Zaman, and Dolf te Lintelo. Displacement and Social Assistance. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/basic.2022.029.
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Displacement forms part of virtually any major crisis. It introduces a level of complexity when providing social assistance that leads to a specific, usually context-dependent set of challenges. It is widely recognised that the vast majority of displaced people will travel as short a distance as possible to reach safety, whether as Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs), refugees or irregular migrants in neighbouring countries. Displaced people are disproportionately hosted in low- and middle-income countries, and the length of their displacement is increasing. This highlights the urgent priority of displacement; indeed, it has received sustained attention from the highest levels of global decision-making, particularly since 2016, including two Global Compacts in 2018 (Global Compact for Migration, Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration). Although some have argued that such global summits offer a replacement for meaningful action, these events at least highlight clear political will to shift the emphasis from humanitarian responses to a much longer-term development focus. Interest in social assistance and displacement has also grown since 2018 and resulting policy must respond to this concern for more sustainable responses. High-level commitments are slowly filtering through to policy, while recent research has provided clear frameworks for analysing developing policy approaches. Gaps remain in the analysis of policy implementation and in the assessment of how to access social assistance beyond official state channels.
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Ohad, Nir, and Robert Fischer. Regulation of Fertilization-Independent Endosperm Development by Polycomb Proteins. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7695869.bard.
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Arabidopsis mutants that we have isolated, encode for fertilization-independent endosperm (fie), fertilization-independent seed2 (fis2) and medea (mea) genes, act in the female gametophyte and allow endosperm to develop without fertilization when mutated. We cloned the FIE and MEA genes and showed that they encode WD and SET domain polycomb (Pc G) proteins, respectively. Homologous proteins of FIE and MEA in other organisms are known to regulate gene transcription by modulating chromatin structure. Based on our results, we proposed a model whereby both FIE and MEA interact to suppress transcription of regulatory genes. These genes are transcribed only at proper developmental stages, as in the central cell of the female gametophyte after fertilization, thus activating endosperm development. To test our model, the following questions were addressed: What is the Composition and Function of the Polycomb Complex? Molecular, biochemical, genetic and genomic approaches were offered to identify members of the complex, analyze their interactions, and understand their function. What is the Temporal and Spatial Pattern of Polycomb Proteins Accumulation? The use of transgenic plants expressing tagged FIE and MEA polypeptides as well as specific antibodies were proposed to localize the endogenous polycomb complex. How is Polycomb Protein Activity Controlled? To understand the molecular mechanism controlling the accumulation of FIE protein, transgenic plants as well as molecular approaches were proposed to determine whether FIE is regulated at the translational or posttranslational levels. The objectives of our research program have been accomplished and the results obtained exceeded our expectation. Our results reveal that fie and mea mutations cause parent-of-origin effects on seed development by distinct mechanisms (Publication 1). Moreover our data show that FIE has additional functions besides controlling the development of the female gametophyte. Using transgenic lines in which FIE was not expressed or the protein level was reduced during different developmental stages enabled us for the first time to explore FIE function during sporophyte development (Publication 2 and 3). Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that FIE, a single copy gene in the Arabidopsis genome, represses multiple developmental pathways (i.e., endosperm, embryogenesis, shot formation and flowering). Furthermore, we identified FIE target genes, including key transcription factors known to promote flowering (AG and LFY) as well as shoot and leaf formation (KNAT1) (Publication 2 and 3), thus demonstrating that in plants, as in mammals and insects, PcG proteins control expression of homeobox genes. Using the Yeast two hybrid system and pull-down assays we demonstrated that FIE protein interact with MEA via the N-terminal region (Publication 1). Moreover, CURLY LEAF protein, an additional member of the SET domain family interacts with FIE as well. The overlapping expression patterns of FIE, with ether MEA or CLF and their common mutant phenotypes, demonstrate the versatility of FIE function. FIE association with different SET domain polycomb proteins, results in differential regulation of gene expression throughout the plant life cycle (Publication 3). In vitro interaction assays we have recently performed demonstrated that FIE interacts with the cell cycle regulatory component Retinobalsoma protein (pRb) (Publication 4). These results illuminate the potential mechanism by which FIE may restrain embryo sac central cell division, at least partly, through interaction with, and suppression of pRb-regulated genes. The results of this program generated new information about the initiation of reproductive development and expanded our understanding of how PcG proteins regulate developmental programs along the plant life cycle. The tools and information obtained in this program will lead to novel strategies which will allow to mange crop plants and to increase crop production.
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Davies, Will. Improving the engagement of UK armed forces overseas. Royal Institute of International Affairs, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55317/9781784135010.
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The UK government’s Integrated Review of security, defence, development and foreign policy, published in March 2021 alongside a supporting defence command paper, set a new course for UK national security and highlighted opportunities for an innovative approach to international engagement activity. The Integrated Review focused principally on the state threats posed by China’s increasing power and by competitors – including Russia – armed with nuclear, conventional and hybrid capabilities. It also stressed the continuing risks to global security and resilience due to conflict and instability in weakened and failed states. These threats have the potential to increase poverty and inequality, violent extremism, climate degradation and the forced displacement of people, while presenting authoritarian competitors with opportunities to enhance their geopolitical influence. There are moral, security and economic motives to foster durable peace in conflict-prone and weakened regions through a peacebuilding approach that promotes good governance, addresses the root causes of conflict and prevents violence, while denying opportunities to state competitors. The recent withdrawal from Afghanistan serves to emphasize the complexities and potential pitfalls associated with intervention operations in complex, unstable regions. Success in the future will require the full, sustained and coordinated integration of national, allied and regional levers of power underpinned by a sophisticated understanding of the operating environment. The UK armed forces, with their considerable resources and global network, will contribute to this effort through ‘persistent engagement’. This is a new approach to overseas operations below the threshold of conflict, designed as a pre-emptive complement to warfighting. To achieve this, the UK Ministry of Defence (MOD) must develop a capability that can operate effectively in weak, unstable and complex regions prone to violent conflict and crises, not least in the regions on the eastern and southern flanks of the Euro-Atlantic area. The first step must be the development of a cohort of military personnel with enhanced, tailored levels of knowledge, skills and experience. Engagement roles must be filled by operators with specialist knowledge, skills and experience forged beyond the mainstream discipline of combat and warfighting. Only then will individuals develop a genuinely sophisticated understanding of complex, politically driven and sensitive operating environments and be able to infuse the design and delivery of international activities with practical wisdom and insight. Engagement personnel need to be equipped with: An inherent understanding of the human and political dimensions of conflict, the underlying drivers such as inequality and scarcity, and the exacerbating factors such as climate change and migration; - A grounding in social sciences and conflict modelling in order to understand complex human terrain; - Regional expertise enabled by language skills, cultural intelligence and human networks; - Familiarity with a diverse range of partners, allies and local actors and their approaches; - Expertise in building partner capacity and applying defence capabilities to deliver stability and peace; - A grasp of emerging artificial intelligence technology as a tool to understand human terrain; - Reach and insight developed through ‘knowledge networks’ of external experts in academia, think-tanks and NGOs. Successful change will be dependent on strong and overt advocacy by the MOD’s senior leadership and a revised set of personnel policies and procedures for this cohort’s selection, education, training, career management, incentivization, sustainability and support.